Samsung SPI-2213282600 User Manual

EPBD-002040

Ed. 00

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213

System Description

This description is proprietary to SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. and is protected by copyright.

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TRADEMARKS

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This description should be read and used as a guideline for properly installing and operating the product.

This description may be changed for the system improvement, standardization and other technical reasons without prior notice.

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Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description

INTRODUCTION

Purpose

This description describes the characteristics, functions and structures of the SPI-2213, which is the RAS of Mobile WiMAX.

Document Content and Organization

This description is composed of five Chapters, an Abbreviation and Index as follows:

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System

Mobile WiMAX System Introduction

Characteristics of Mobile WiMAX System

Components of Mobile WiMAX Network

Functions of Mobile WiMAX System

CHAPTER 2. Overview of SPI-2213

SPI-2213 Introduction

Major functions

Resources

System Configuration

Interface between the Systems

CHAPTER 3. SPI-2213 Architecture

System Configuration

Hardware Structure

Software Structure

Redundancy

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 4. Message Flow

Call Processing Message Flow

Network Synchronization Message Flow

Alarm Message Flow

Loading Message Flow

Operation and Maintenance Message Flow

CHAPTER 5. Additional Functions and Tools

RET

Web-EMT

ABBREVIATION

Describes the acronyms used in this description.

INDEX

Index provides main searching keywords to be found.

Conventions

The following types of paragraphs contain special information that must be carefully read and thoroughly understood. Such information may or may not be enclosed in a rectangular box, separating it from the main text, but is always preceded by an icon and/or a bold title.

NOTE

Indicates additional information as a reference.

Revision History

EDITION	DATE OF ISSUE	REMARKS
00	02. 2009.	First Edition

II	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION	I
Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................	I
Document Content and Organization.....................................................................................................	I
Conventions...........................................................................................................................................	II
Revision History.....................................................................................................................................	II

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System		1-1
1.1	Introduction to Mobile WiMAX..............................................................................................	1-1
1.2	Characteristics of the Mobile WiMAX System.....................................................................	1-3
1.3	Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration.................................................................................	1-4
1.4	Mobile WiMAX System Functions ........................................................................................	1-6

CHAPTER 2. Overview of SPI-2213			2-1
2.1	Introduction to SPI-2213........................................................................................................		2-1
2.2	Characteristics of SPI-2213...................................................................................................		2-2
	2.2.1	Application of the OFDMA Method.......................................................................................	2-2
	2.2.2 Separate DU and RRH Structure .........................................................................................		2-2
	2.2.3	Support of MIMO ..................................................................................................................	2-3
	2.2.4 Support of Frequency Reuse Pattern (FRP)........................................................................		2-3
2.3	Main Functions ......................................................................................................................		2-4
	2.3.1 Physical Layer Processing Function ....................................................................................		2-4
	2.3.2	Call Processing Function......................................................................................................	2-6
	2.3.3	IP Processing Functions.......................................................................................................	2-8
	2.3.4 Auxiliary Device Interface Function ......................................................................................		2-9
	2.3.5	Maintenance Function ..........................................................................................................	2-9
2.4	Specifications .......................................................................................................................		2-11
2.5	System Configuration..........................................................................................................		2-14
2.6	Interface between Systems.................................................................................................		2-16
	2.6.1	Interface Structure...............................................................................................................	2-16
	2.6.2	Protocol Stack.....................................................................................................................	2-17

III

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.6.3 Physical Interface Operation Method .................................................................................

2-18

CHAPTER 3.		SPI-2213 Architecture	3-1
3.1	System Configuration ............................................................................................................		3-1
	3.1.1	DU and RRH.........................................................................................................................	3-1
	3.1.2 Internal Configuration of the System ....................................................................................		3-3
3.2	Detailed Structure...................................................................................................................		3-4
	3.2.1 Digital Main Block (DMB)......................................................................................................		3-4
	3.2.2	RRH ......................................................................................................................................	3-7
	3.2.3	DPM-FI................................................................................................................................	3-11
	3.2.4	Cooling Structure ................................................................................................................	3-13
	3.2.5	Interface Structure...............................................................................................................	3-14
3.3	Software Structure ...............................................................................................................		3-15
	3.3.1	Basic Structure....................................................................................................................	3-15
	3.3.2 Call Control (CC) Block.......................................................................................................		3-17
	3.3.3 Operation And Maintenance (OAM) Block.........................................................................		3-19

CHAPTER 4.		Message Flow	4-1
4.1	Call Processing Message Flow .............................................................................................		4-1
	4.1.1	Initial Access .........................................................................................................................	4-1
	4.1.2	Authentication .......................................................................................................................	4-4
	4.1.3	Status Change ......................................................................................................................	4-7
	4.1.4	Location Update..................................................................................................................	4-10
	4.1.5	Paging.................................................................................................................................	4-14
	4.1.6	Handover ............................................................................................................................	4-15
	4.1.7	Access Termination.............................................................................................................	4-19
4.2	Network Synchronization Message Flow ...........................................................................		4-21
4.3	Alarm Signal Flow ................................................................................................................		4-22
4.4	Loading Message Flow ........................................................................................................		4-24
4.5	Operation and Maintenance Message Flow .......................................................................		4-26

CHAPTER 5. Additional Functions and Tools		5-1
5.1	RET ..........................................................................................................................................	5-1
5.2	Web-EMT .................................................................................................................................	5-2

IV	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description/Ed.00

ABBREVIATION	I
A ~ C ....................................................................................................................................................	I
D ~ H ...................................................................................................................................................	II
I ~ O ..................................................................................................................................................	III
P ~ S ..................................................................................................................................................	IV
T ~ W ...................................................................................................................................................	V

INDEX	I
A ~ E	.................................................................................................................................................... I
F ~ O ...................................................................................................................................................	II
P ~ T ..................................................................................................................................................	III
U ~ W ..................................................................................................................................................	IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration ...................................................................		1-4
Figure 1.2 Configuration of Mobile WiMAX System Functions (Based on Profile C)...............		1-6
Figure 2.1 IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack Operation.............................................................................		2-8
Figure 2.2 DU Configuration (SMFS-F).................................................................................		2-14
Figure 2.3	RRH Configuration...............................................................................................	2-15
Figure 2.4 Structure of SPI-2213 Interface............................................................................		2-16
Figure 2.5 Protocol Stack between NEs................................................................................		2-17
Figure 2.6 Protocol Stack between SPI-2213 and WSM.......................................................		2-17
Figure 3.1 Internal Configuration of the System (RRH-1) .......................................................		3-3
Figure 3.2	DMB Configuration.................................................................................................	3-5
Figure 3.3 Sector Configuration Example Using RRH-1 .........................................................		3-9
Figure 3.4 Omni Configuration Example Using RRH-1 .........................................................		3-10
Figure 3.5	DPM-FI Configuration ..........................................................................................	3-11
Figure 3.6 Power Structure of SPI-2213 ...............................................................................		3-12
Figure 3.7	Fan Configuration ................................................................................................	3-13
Figure 3.8 Cooling Structure of the DU .................................................................................		3-13
Figure 3.9 Interfaces of SPI-2213 (MIMO) ............................................................................		3-14
Figure 3.10 Software Structure of SPI-2213..........................................................................		3-15
Figure 3.11 CC Block Structure.............................................................................................		3-17
Figure 3.12 OAM Software Structure ....................................................................................		3-19
Figure 3.13 Interface between OAM Blocks..........................................................................		3-20
Figure 3.14	SNMPD Block ....................................................................................................	3-21
Figure 3.15	OAGS Block.......................................................................................................	3-22
Figure 3.16	WebEMT Block ..................................................................................................	3-23
Figure 3.17	CLIM Block ........................................................................................................	3-24
Figure 3.18	PAM Block..........................................................................................................	3-25
Figure 3.19	UFM Block .........................................................................................................	3-27
Figure 3.20	Loader Block......................................................................................................	3-28
Figure 3.21	ULM Block .........................................................................................................	3-29
Figure 3.22	OPM Block.........................................................................................................	3-30
Figure 3.23	OSSM Block ......................................................................................................	3-31
Figure 3.24	OER/OEV Block.................................................................................................	3-32
Figure 3.25	OCM Block.........................................................................................................	3-33
Figure 3.26	RDM Block.........................................................................................................	3-35

VI	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description/Ed.00

Figure 4.1	Initial Access Process............................................................................................	4-2
Figure 4.2 Authentication Procedure (At the time of initial access) ........................................		4-4
Figure 4.3 Authentication Procedure (At the time of the Authenticator Relocation)................		4-6
Figure 4.4 Awake Mode  Idle Mode Status Change Procedure ..........................................		4-7
Figure 4.5 Awake Mode  Sleep Mode Status Change Procedure .......................................		4-8
Figure 4.6 Idle Mode  Awake Mode (QCS) Procedure ........................................................		4-9
Figure 4.7 Inter-RAS Location Update Procedure ................................................................		4-10
Figure 4.8 Inter-ACR Location Update Procedure................................................................		4-12
Figure 4.9	Paging Procedure................................................................................................	4-14
Figure 4.10 Inter-RAS Handover Procedure.........................................................................		4-15
Figure 4.11 Inter-ASN Handover (ASN-Anchored Mobility) ..................................................		4-17
Figure 4.12 Inter-ASN Handover (CSN-Anchored Mobility)..................................................		4-18
Figure 4.13 Access Termination (Awake Mode) ...................................................................		4-19
Figure 4.14 Access Termination (Idle Mode) ........................................................................		4-20
Figure 4.15 Network Synchronization Flow of SPI-2213 ......................................................		4-21
Figure 4.16 Alarm Signal Flow of SPI-2213 .........................................................................		4-22
Figure 4.17 Alarm and Control Structure of SPI-2213 ..........................................................		4-23
Figure 4.18 Loading Message Flow .....................................................................................		4-25
Figure 4.19 Operation and Maintenance Signal Flow...........................................................		4-26
Figure 5.1	Web-EMT Interface ...............................................................................................	5-2

VII

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile

WiMAX System

1.1 Introduction to Mobile WiMAX

The Mobile WiMAX system is the wireless network system that supports IEEE 802.16 base service. The IEEE 802.16 standard is the basis of Mobile WiMAX, and includes IEEE Std 802.16-2004 defining fixed wireless internet access service and IEEE Std 802.16, P802.16-2004/Cor/D3 defining the technologies supporting mobility, which include handover, paging.

Mobile WiMAX Standard

In this description, the entire Mobile WiMAX standard is expressed IEEE 802.16.

The wireless LAN (Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN) can provide high speed data services, but its radio wave is short and covers only small areas, and also gives limited user mobility. It is difficult for WLAN to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) for data service.

On the contrary, the present mobile communication networks support the mobility of the users, but the service charge and the cost of system operations are high due to the limited wireless resources. To provide faster service in the existing mobile communication networks, it requires a separate wireless communication technology such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) for the data services.

Mobile WiMAX can, therefore, overcome the limitations of the WLAN and present mobile communication networks, and accommodate only the advantages of the system.

Mobile WiMAX can ultimately provide the high speed wireless internet services with low cost at any time and in anyplace.

Samsung Mobile WiMAX System provides high speed data services using the transmission technology of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) by the Time Division Duplex (TDD), and can give wider coverage compared to the existing WLAN. The system performance and the capacity have been expanded by the high performance hardware, and thus, it can easily give various functions and services to the users.

1-1

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System

The Mobile WiMAX system consists of Radio Access Station (RAS), Access Control Router (ACR) and Mobile WiMAX System Manager (WSM). RAS manages 802.16 Medium Access Control (MAC)/Physical Layer (PHY) function for Mobile Station (MS), ACR manages various control functions and interworking function between Mobile WiMAX ASN system and CSN system.

System Support Standards

Network Working Group (NWG) of Mobile WiMAX Forum defines the Mobile WiMAX network as Access Service Network (ASN) and Connectivity Service Network (CSN). RAS of Samsung is Base Station (BS) and ACR is ASN-GW (Gateway) of ASN, respectively.

RAS and ACR are based on ASN Profile C and Wave 2 Profile defined in the Mobile WiMAX Forum and the Wave 2 Profile contains Wave 1 Profile.

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Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description/Ed.00

1.2 Characteristics of the Mobile WiMAX System

The major characteristics of Mobile WiMAX system are listed below.

High Compatibility and Cross-Interworking

The Mobile WiMAX system is based on IEEE 802.16 standard and complies with Wave 2 Profile and ASN Profile C of the Mobile WiMAX Forum. Therefore, the Mobile WiMAX system provides high compatibility and excellent cross-interworking.

High Performance Module Structure

The Mobile WiMAX system has high performance by using high-performance processor and provides the module structure that it is easy to upgrade hardware and software.

High System Stability

The Mobile WiMAX system provides the redundancy structure for main modules to ensure higher stability.

Variant Advance RF and Antenna Solution Support

The Mobile WiMAX system supports Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and applies the power amplifier to support wideband operation bandwidth.

Evolution Possibility into Next Generation Networking

The Mobile WiMAX system complies with the structure of the Mobile WiMAX ASN Profile C network and the ASN Profile C network composition is similar to the network structure considered in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)/Service Architecture Evolution (SAE). Therefore, the Mobile WiMAX system can easily evolve into the next generation network.

Maintenance Function with Strengthened Security

The Mobile WiMAX system provides the security function (SNMPv2c/SNMPv3, SSH, FTP/SFTP and HTTPs) to all channels for operation and maintenance. The Mobile WiMAX system provides the operator Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) function to authenticate the operator and assign the right for system access and stores the operation history in a log.

1-3

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System

1.3 Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration

Mobile WiMAX network is composed of ASN and CSN. ACR and RAS are involved in ASN and WSM is the Network Element (NE) to manage ACR and RAS. CSN is composed of AAA server, HA and PCRF server. ASN is connected with CSN by router and switch.

The following diagram shows the composition of Mobile WiMAX network.

AAA

Core Router/Switch

PCRF

Internet

CSN

WSM	Edge Router/Switch

		…		ASN
	ACR	…		ACR
	ACR			ACR
RAS		RAS	RAS	RAS
RAS			RAS
MS		MS	MS	MS

Figure 1.1 Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration

Radio Access Station (RAS)

RAS as the system between ACR and MS has the interface with ACR and provides the wireless connection to MS under IEEE 802.16 standards to support wireless communication service for subscribers.

RAS carries out wireless signal exchange with MS, modulation/demodulation signal processing for packet traffic signal, efficient use of wireless resources, packet scheduling for Quality of Service (QoS) assurance, assignment of wireless bandwidth, Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) processing and ranging function. In addition, RAS controls the connection for packet calls and handover.

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Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description/Ed.00

Access Control Router (ACR)

ACR, which is the system between CSN and RAS, enables several RASs to interwork with IP network, sends/receives traffic between external network and MS, and controls QoS. ACR connects to Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) server and Policy & Charging Rules Function (PCRF) server in Diameter protocol method and provides the interface to NE of CSN.

Mobile WiMAX System Manager (WSM)

WSM provides the management environment for the operator to operate and maintain ACR and RAS.

Home Agent (HA)

HA accesses other networks or private networks and enables Mobile IP (MIP) users to access internet. HA interworks with ACR that performs Foreign Agent (FA) function for Mobile IPv4 and interworks with MS to exchange data for Mobile IPv6.

Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) Server

AAA server interfaces with ACR and carries out subscriber authentication and accounting functions. The AAA server interfaces with ACR via Diameter protocol and provides Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) certification.

Policy & Charging Rules Function (PCRF) Server

The PCRF server is the server that manages the service policy and interfaces with ACR via Diameter protocol. The PCRF server sends QoS setting information for each user session and accounting rule information to ACR.

1-5

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System

1.4 Mobile WiMAX System Functions

The figure below shows the functions of the ASN systems (ACR and RAS) based on Profile C. Each block name complies with the standard of Mobile WiMAX NWG.

ASN

ASN GW (ACR)
ASN GW (ACR)			MIP FA		PMIP client
			MIP FA		PMIP client


	Paging Controller	Authenticator		IP Packet Forwarding


	Location Register	Key Distributor		Header Compression
	Context Function
	Context Function	SFA		Packet Classification
		SFA		Packet Classification

	Handover Function

		AAA Client
	(Handover Relay)	AAA Client

BS (RAS)

Context Function	Key Receiver	ARQ Operation


Handover Function	RRC & RRA	MAC PDU
(Handover Control)	RRC & RRA	MAC PDU



	SFM	Encapsulation/PHY
	(Admission Control)	Encapsulation/PHY

Figure 1.2 Configuration of Mobile WiMAX System Functions (Based on Profile C)

The ACR supports the Convergence Sublayer (CS) and performs the packet classification and Packet Header Suppression (PHS) functions. When the ACR carries out the header compression function, it supports Robust Header Compression (ROHC) defined in the NWG standard.

In addition, the ACR performs the paging controller and location register functions for an MS in Idle Mode.

In authentication, the ACR performs the authenticator function and carries out the key distributor function to manage the higher security key by interworking with the AAA server as an AAA client. At this time, RAS performs the key receiver function to receive the security key from the key distributor and manage it.

The ACR interworks with the AAA server of CSN for authentication and charging services and with the HA of CSN for Mobile IP (MIP) service. The ACR as FA of MIP supports Proxy MIP (PMIP).

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Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description/Ed.00

The RAS performs the Service Flow Management (SFM) function to create/change/release connections for each Service Flow (SF) and the admission control function while creating/changing connections. In regard to the SFM function of the RAS, the ACR carries out the SF Authentication (SFA) and SFID management functions. The ACR carries out the SFA function to obtain the QoS information from Policy Function (PF) and apply it in the SF creation and performs the SFID management function to create/change/release SFID and map SF according to the packet classification.

In handover, the RAS performs the handover control function to determine the execution of the handover and deal with corresponding handover signaling. The ACR confirms the neighbor RAS list and relays the handover signaling message to the target system.

At this time, the ACR and the RAS carries out the context function to exchange the context information between the target system and the serving system.

The RAS provides Admission Control to collect/manage the MS’s radio resource information and the RAS’s own radio resource information (e.g., BSID). When load balancing is required based on Admission Control results, it performs resource management through FA overriding and BS init HO (Handover).

ASN System Function

For the detailed description about the RAS functions, refer to Chapter 2 of this system description. For the description about the ACR functions, refer to the system description for ACR provided by Samsung.

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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System

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Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description

CHAPTER 2. Overview of SPI-2213

2.1 Introduction to SPI-2213

The SPI-2213, RAS of Mobile WiMAX, is controlled by ACR and connects Mobile WiMAX calls to MS.

The SPI-2213 interfaces with MS via a wireless channel observing the Mobile WiMAX standard (IEEE 802.16) and provides high-speed data service and multimedia service in wireless broadband.

To this end, the SPI-2213 provides the following functions: modulation/demodulation of packet traffic signal, scheduling and radio bandwidth allocation to manage air resources efficiently and ensure Quality of Service (QoS), Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) processing, ranging function, connection control function to transmit the information on the SPI-2213 and set/hold/disconnect the packet call connection, handover control and ACR interface function and system operation management function.

Physically, the SPI-2213 consists of a Digital Unit (DU) and a Mobile WiMAX base station Remote Radio Head (RRH).

The RRH is located remotely from the DU. The DU is a digital unit of 19 in. shelf form and can be installed in an indoor or outdoor 19 in. rack. It supports a capacity up to 2Carrier/3Sector. The DU is operated in omni or sector mode depending on the features of the installation location.

An RRH is a standalone RF unit. It is installed on an outdoor wall or pole.

The SPI-2213 supports up to 2Carrier/3Sector.

2-1

CHAPTER 2. Overview of SPI-2213

2.2 Characteristics of SPI-2213

The SPI-2331 supports 10 MHz bandwidth per carrier and has a large packet service in high speed. Other features are as follows.

2.2.1 Application of the OFDMA Method

OFDMA is used to transmit data to several users simultaneously by using the sub-carrier allocated to each user and transmit data by allocating one or more sub-carriers to a specific subscriber according to the channel status and the transmission rate requested by a user. In addition, since it can select the sub-carriers with excellent features for each subscriber and allocate them to the subscribers when some subscribers divide and use the whole subcarrier, it can raise the data throughput by distributing the resources efficiently.

2.2.2 Separate DU and RRH Structure

As the SPI-2213 consists of a DU and an RRH, it is easy to set up a network and it is easy to change the network configuration.

For connections between the DU and RRH, data traffic signals and OAM information are sent/received through the ‘Digital I/Q and C & M’ interface based on the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI). Physically, optic cables are used.

Each of the DUs and RRHs receives -48 VDC of power for its operation.

Versatile Network Operation

The RRH cannot operate on its own, but operates by being linked to the DU. The RRH is highly flexible in its installation, and helps with setting up a network in a variety of configurations depending on the location and operation method.

Easy Installation

The optic interface component that interfaces with the DU and the RF signal processing component is integrated into the RRH, which becomes a very small and very light single unit. Therefore, the RRH can be installed on a wall or pole.

Moreover, as the distance between the RRH and antenna is minimized, the loss of RF signals due to the antenna feeder line can be reduced so that more enhanced RF receiving performance than the existing rack-type RAS can be provided.

Natural Cooling

Because the RRH is installed outdoors and has an efficient design, it can radiate heat efficiently without any additional cooling system. Therefore, no additional maintenance cost is needed for cooling the RRH.

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Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description/Ed.00

Loopback Test

The SPI-2213 provides the loopback test function to check whether communication is normal on the ‘Digital I/Q and C & M’ interface line between the DU and RRH.

Remote Firmware Downloading

The operator can upgrade the RRH and its service by replacing its firmware.

Without visiting the field station, the operator can download firmware to the RRH remotely using a simple command from the WSM.

In this way, operators can minimize the number of visits to the field station, reducing maintenance costs and allowing the system to be operated with greater ease.

Monitoring Port

Operators can monitor the information for an RRH using its debug port.

2.2.3 Support of MIMO

The SPI-2213 basically supports MIMO of 2Tx/2Rx RF path. There are methods of MIMO as follows;

Downlink

Space Time Coding (STC): method for raising reliability of link

Spatial Multiplexing (SM): method for raising data transmission rate

Uplink

Collaborative SM (CSM): method for doubling the frequency efficiency

2.2.4Support of Frequency Reuse Pattern (FRP)

The SPI-2213 supports FRP N=1 that provides the service to 3-sector by using a carrier and FRP N=3 that provides the service to 3-sector by using different carriers.

A service provider can efficiently operate its own frequency resources by using the FRP function.

Providing or not the System Feature and Schedule to Provide the System Feature

For the providing or not the system feature and schedule to provide the features described in this system description, see separate document.

2-3

CHAPTER 2. Overview of SPI-2213

2.3 Main Functions

The main functions of the SPI-2213 are as follows:

Physical layer processing function

Call processing function

IP processing functions

Auxiliary device interface function

Convenient operation and maintenance function

2.3.1Physical Layer Processing Function

OFDMA Ranging

The ranging supported by the OFDMA system is roughly divided by the uplink timing synchronization method and the contention based bandwidth request method.

Uplink Timing Synchronization

In the uplink timing synchronization method, the SPI-2213 detects the timing error of the uplink signal by using the ranging code transmitted from MS and transmits the timing correction command to each MS to correct the transmission timing of the uplink. The uplink timing synchronization method has initial ranging, periodic ranging, handover ranging, etc.

Contention Based Bandwidth Request

In the contention based bandwidth request method, the SPI-2213 receives the bandwidth request ranging code from each MS and allocates uplink resources to the corresponding MS to enable to transmit the bandwidth request header.

The contention based bandwidth request method has bandwidth request ranging or something.

Channel Encoding/Decoding

The SPI-2213 carries out the Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoding for the downlink packet created in the upper layer by using Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC).

On the contrary, it decodes the uplink packet received from the MS after demodulating.

Modulation/Demodulation

The SPI-2213 carries out the FEC encoding for the downlink packet created in the upper layer and modulates the encoded packet into the QAM signal. In addition, the SPI-2213 demodulates and decodes the uplink packet received from MS.

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Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2213 System Description/Ed.00

OFDMA Sub-carrier Allocation

The subchannelization is the process to tie the sub-carriers of OFDMA as a transmission unit after grouping them by a certain rule. The SPI-2213 performs the subchannelization to mitigate the interference between cells.

The SPI-2213 maps the column of the modulated downlink QAM symbol structure with each sub-carrier and carries out the subchannelization when the column of the QAM symbol structure is transmitted to the MS over the wireless line. In such way, the SPI-2213 transmits the column of the QAM symbol structure to the MS via the sub-carriers pertained to each subchannel.

DL/UL MAP Construction

The SPI-2213 informs the air resources for the uplink and the downlink to the MS by using DL/UL MAP. The DL/UL MAP consists of the scheduling information of the SPI-2213 and includes various control information for the MS.

Power Control

The SPI-2213 carries out the power control function for the uplink signal received from multiple MSs and then set the power intensity of the uplink signal to a specific level.

The SPI-2213 transmits the power correction command to each MS and then makes the MS power intensity be the level required in the SPI-2213 when the MS transmits the modulated uplink signal in a specific QAM modulation method.

Hybrid-ARQ (H-ARQ) Operation

H-ARQ is the physical layer retransmission method using the stop-and-wait protocol.

The SPI-2213 carries out the H-ARQ function and raises data throughput by re-transmitting or combining the frame from the physical layer to minimize the effect attending to the change of wireless channel environment or the change in the interference signal level.

MIMO

The SPI-2213 provides the MIMO function as follows according to Mobile WiMAX Wave 2 Profile:

Downlink

Matrix A (STC)

Transmission ratio of the Matrix A or STC is 1 and equal to that of Single Input Single Output (SISO). However The Matrix A or the STC reduces the error of the signal received from the MS by raising the stability of the signal received from the MS by means of the Tx diversity. This technology is, also, effective in low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and provides excellent performance even when the MS moves in high speed.

Matrix B (SM, vertical encoding)

Matrix B or SM method raises the effectiveness of the frequency by raising the transmission ratio in proportion to the number of antenna in comparison with SISO. This technology is effective when the reception SNR is high.

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Uplink

Collaborative SM

Collaborative SM is the technology that doubles the frequency efficiency in view of the SPI-2213 as two MSs with each individual antenna send data simultaneously by using the same channel.

2.3.2Call Processing Function

Cell Initialization Function

The SPI-2213 announces the MAC Management message such as DCD/UCD/MOB_NBRADV to the cell area in service periodically to enable the MS receiving the message to carry out the appropriate call processing function.

Call Control and Wireless Resource Allocation Function

The SPI-2213 enables an MS to enter to or exit from the network. When an MS enters to or exit from the network, the SPI-2213 transmits/receives the signaling message required for call processing via R1 interface with the MS or R6 interface with ACR.

The SPI-2213 allocates various management/transport Connection Identifier (CID) required for the network entry and service to an MS. When the MS exit from the network, the SPI-2213 collects and release the allocated CID.

Handover

The SPI-2213 carries out the signaling and bearer processing for inter-sector HO (Handover), inter-ACR HO and inter-carrier HO. At this time, ACR relays the handover message between serving RAS and target RAS through the R6 interface.

To minimize the traffic disconnection in inter-RAS HO, the SPI-2213 performs the data switching function. In handover, the SPI-2213 enables the serving RAS to switch the user data in queuing to the target RAS and, therefore, the MS to recover the traffic without loss.

Handover Procedure

For the detailed handover procedure, refer to Chapter 4 ‘Message Flow’.

Support of Sleep Mode

Sleep Mode is the mode defined to save the MS power under IEEE 802.16 standard and indicates the status that air resources allocated to an MS are released when the MS does not need traffic reception/transmission temporarily. If the MS in Sleep Mode needs the traffic reception/transmission, the MS returns to the normal status immediately.

Both Idle Mode and Sleep Mode are modes to save the MS power. The Idle Mode release all service flows allocated to an MS, while the Sleep Mode releases only the air resources between the MS and RAS temporarily, continuously keeping the service flow information allocated to the MS.

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The SPI-2213 carries out the related call processing function by receiving/sending the signaling message required for the status transition into Sleep Mode of MS and the return from the Sleep Mode to Awake Mode of MS.

Admission Control (CAC) Function

If the SPI-2213 receives the call setup request, such as network entry, Quick Connection Setup (QCS) and handover, from an MS, it monitors the traffic and signaling load for each subcell and the number of user in Active/Sleep Mode and performs the AC function to prevent the system overload.

AC can be roughly divided into AC by MS and AC by service flow.

AC by MS

If the number of users who the subcell is in Active/Sleep Mode exceeds the threshold when the SPI-2213 receives the call setup request from an MS, it rejects the call setup request of the MS.

AC by service flow

When service flow is added, the SPI-2213 checks if the air resources of the requested subcell exceed the threshold and determines the creation of the service

MAC ARQ Function

The SPI-2213 carries out the ARQ function of the MAC layer. In packet data exchange, the transmission side transmits ARQ block which SDU is divided into, and retransmits the packet according to the ARQ feedback information received from the reception side to raise the reliability of data communication.

The SPI-2213 carries out the following function for the service flows applying ARQ:

MAC Management creation and transmission concerned with ARQ operation

Feedback processing depending on ARQ types

Block processing (fragmentation/reassemble/retransmission) depending on ARQ types

ARQ timer/window management

QoS Support Function

The packet traffic exchanged between ACR and SPI-2213 is delivered to the modem in the SPI-2213. At this time, the SPI-2213 allocates the queue in the modem to each service flow that QoS type is specified to observe the QoS constraint given for each QoS class or service flow and performs the strict-priority scheduling according to the priority.

The modem that receives the packet traffic performs the scheduling by using the uplink/ downlink algorithm, such as Proportional Fair (PF) or Round Robin (RR) and transmits the scheduled allocation information to an MS through DL/UL MAP. The MS receiving the DL/UL MAP checks the air resources allocated to the MS and modulates/demodulates the downlink packet or transmits the uplink packet from the allocated uplink area.

Since the SPI-2213 provides the QoS monitoring function, it can compile statistics on packets unsatisfying the latency requested from the QoS parameter according to TDD frames and report the statistics to an operator via the OAM interface.

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2.3.3 IP Processing Functions

IP QoS Function

Since the SPI-2213 supports Differentiated Services (DiffServ), it can provide the backhaul QoS in the communication with ACR.

It supports 8-class DiffServ and supports the mapping between the DiffServ service class and the service class of the user traffic received from an MS. In addition, the SPI-2213 supports the mapping between Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) and 802.3 Ethernet MAC service class.

Simultaneous Support of IPv4/IPv6

ACR communicates with the SPI-2213 through the GRE tunnel and the backhaul IP version between the SPI-2213 and ACR is managed independently from the service IP version for the MS.

Even if, therefore, IPv4 is used in backhaul between the SPI-2213 and ACR, all of IPv4, IPv6 and IPv4/IPv6 dual stack services can be supported for the MS.

RAS	Gateway	IPv6 Network
RAS	Gateway
Dual Stack Processing
Access Network	Core Network
Dual Stack MS	ACR
Dual Stack MS
(IPv4/IPv6)	Gateway
	Gateway	IPv4 Network
IPv4
IPv6

Figure 2.1 IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack Operation

IP Routing Function

Since the SPI-2213 provides several Ethernet interfaces, it stores the routing table with the information on the Ethernet interface to route IP packets. The routing table of the SPI-2213 is configured depending on operator’s setting and the configuration and the setting of the routing table are similar to the standard setting of the router.

The SPI-2213 supports the static routing configuration only and not the router function for the traffic received from the outside. When the SPI-2213 connects an auxiliary device, it supports the IP packet routing function for the auxiliary device by using Network Address Translation (NAT).

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Ethernet/VLAN Interface Function

The SPI-2213 provides the Ethernet interface and supports the static link grouping function, Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) function and Ethernet CoS function under IEEE 802.3ad for the Ethernet interface. At this time, the MAC bridge function defined in IEEE 802.1D is excluded.

The SPI-2213 enables several VLAN IDs to be set in one Ethernet interface and maps the DSCP value of IP header with the CoS value of Ethernet header in Tx packet to support Ethernet CoS.

2.3.4 Auxiliary Device Interface Function

The SPI-2213 provides the Ethernet interface to connect auxiliary devices and allocates IP addresses by operating as a DHCP server for the auxiliary devices. In addition, the SPI2213 provides the traffic path to transmit/receive the maintenance traffic between an auxiliary device and the remote auxiliary device monitoring server.

If the auxiliary device uses a private IP address, the SPI-2213 carries out the NAT function to change the address into a public IP address (i.e., the IP address of the SPI-2213) for the communication with an external monitoring server.

2.3.5 Maintenance Function

The SPI-2213 interworking with the management system carries out the following maintenance functions: system initialization and restart, management for system configuration, management for the operation parameters, failure and status management for system resources and services, statistics management for system resources and various performance data, diagnosis management for system resources and services and security management for system access and operation.

Graphic and Text-based Console Interface

WSM manages the entire Mobile WiMAX system by using Database Management System (DBMS) and SPI-2213 interworks with this WSM. In addition, ACR interworks with the console terminal for directly accessing the NE as well as WSM by operator to perform the operation and maintenance function.

For operator’s convenience and working purpose, the operator can select graphic-based console interface (Web-based Element Maintenance Terminal, Web-EMT) or text-based console interface (Integrated Management Interface Shell, IMISH).

The operator can access the console interface with no separate software and log in to WebEMT through Internet Explore and IMISH through Secure Shell (SSH) on the command window.

The operator can carry out the retrieval and setup of the configuration and the operation information and monitoring about faults, status and statistics via console terminal. However, the operator can carry out grow/degrow of resources and setting of the neighbor list and paging group which have correlation between several NEs only via the WSM.

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Operator Authentication Function

The SPI-2213 provides the authentication and the permission management functions for the operator who manages the Mobile WiMAX system. The operator accesses the SPI-2213 by using the operator’s ID and password via Web-EMT or IMISH and the SPI-2213 assigns the operation right in accordance with the operator’s level.

The SPI-2213 carries out the logging function for successful access, access failure and login history.

Maintenance Function with Enhanced Security Function

For the security, the SPI-2213 supports Simple Network Management Protocol version 2c (SNMPv2c) Simple Network Management Protocol version 3 (SNMPv3) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) in the communication with WSM and Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over SSL (HTTPs) and Secure Shell (SSH) in the communication with console terminals.

On-line Software Upgrade

When a software package is upgraded, the SPI-2213 can upgrade the package while running old version of software package. The package upgrade is progressed in the following procedure: ‘Add New Package Change to New package Delete Old Package’.

In package upgrade, the service is stopped temporarily because the old process is terminated and the new process is started in the ‘Change to New package’ stage.

However, since OS is not restarted, the service will be provided again within a few minutes.

After upgrading software, the SPI-2213 updates the package stored in a non-volatile storage. In addition, the SPI-2213 can re-perform the ‘Change to New package’ stage to roll back into the previous package before upgrade.

Call Trace Function

The SPI-2213 supports the call trace function for a specific MS. The SPI-2213 can carry out the call trace function up to 10 MSs. If a call occurs in the MS that an operator previously specified via ACR, the signaling message and statistical traffic data are transmitted to WSM. Besides, the SPI-2213, also, sends the RF environment information, such as Carrier-to-Interference-and-Noise-Ratio (CINR) for MS, Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) level and Burst Error Rate (BER).

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2.4 Specifications

Capacity

The capacity of the SPI-2213 is as follows:

Category	System Capacity
Channel Bandwidth	5MHz / 10 MHz

RF Band	2,590~2,690 MHz (100 MHz, UBS)

Maximum Number of Carriers/Sectors	2Carrier/3Sector

Interface between ACR and SPI-2213	Select one of Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet

FFT size/Carrier/Sector	1,024

Channel Card Capacity	1Carrier/1Sector
Output	Antenna Port-based
	- 4 W/Carrier/Path @ 10 MHz, MIMO
	- 2 W/Carrier/Path @ 5 MHz, MIMO

Input Power

The table below lists the power standard for the SPI-2213.

Category	Standard
System Input Voltage a)	-48 VDC (Voltage Variation Range: -40~-56 VDC)

a) Each of the DU and RRH receives -48 VDC of power for its operation.

Unit Size and Weight

The table below lists the size and weight of the SPI-2213.

	Category	Standard
Size (mm)	DU	432 (W) × 396 (D) × 200 (H)

	RRH	295 (W) × 135 (D) × 410 (H)

Weight (kg)	DU	20 or less

	RRH	15 or less

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Environmental Condition

The table below lists the environmental conditions and related standards such as operational temperature and humidity.

Category	Range
Temperature Conditiona)	0~50°C (32~122°F)
Humidity Conditiona)	10~90% but not to exceed 0.024 kg water/kg of dry air
Altitude	0~1,800 m (0~6,000 ft)

Vibration	GR-63-CORE Sec.4.4
	Earthquake
	Office Vibration
	Transportation Vibration

Sound Pressure Level	Less than 65 dBA measured at points 1.5 m (59.1 in) above the floor
	and 0.6 m (23.6 in) all around.
EMI	FCC Title47 Part 15 Class A
	GR-1089-CORE Sec. 3.2 Emission Criteria

a)The standards of temperature/humidity conditions are based on the value on the position where is 400 mm (15.8 in.) away from the front of the DU and in the height of 1.5 m (59 in.) on the bottom.

RRH

Category	Range
Temperature Conditiona)	-40~50°C (-40~122°F)
Humidity Conditiona)	10~95% but not to exceed 0.024 kg water/kg of dry air
Altitude	0~1,800 m (0~6,000 ft)

Vibration	GR-63-CORE Sec.4.4
	Earthquake
	Office Vibration
	Transportation Vibration

Sound Pressure Level	Less than 65 dBA measured at 1.5 m (5 ft) from the RRH in all
	horizontal directions at a height of 1 m (3 ft)

EMI	FCC Title47 Part 15 Class B
	GR-1089-CORE Sec. 3.2 Emission Criteria

US Federal Regulation	FCC Title47 Part27

a)The standards of temperature/humidity conditions are based on the value on the position where is 400 mm (15.8 in.) away from the front of the RU and in the height of 1.5 m (59 in.) on the bottom.

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