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The following types of paragraphs contain special information that must be carefully read
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box, separating it from the main text, but is always preceded by an icon and/or a bold title.
NOTE Indicates additional information as a reference.
Document Cont en t and Orga niz at ion ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ........ ..... ....... ........ ....... ........ ...... .... ...I
2.2.1 Physic al Lay er P roces s ing Fun ctio n........................ ........ ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ..... ..1-6
2.2.2 Call Pr o c ess in g F u nc ti on.............................. ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... .1-8
2.2.3 IP P roc ess ing Func ti on...................... ........ ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ..... ........ ....... ........ .......1-10
2.2.4 Operation and Maintenance Function................................................................................1-10
Samsung MBS system plays a role as LTE base station in a network where LTE systems
co-exist. Samsung MBS System is configured as follows:
1.2.2 LTE System Network Configuration
LTE network of Samsung MBS system incorporates base station (eNB), packet core (EPC),
LSM. The LTE system consists of multiple base stations (eNB: Evolved UTRAN Node-B)
and EPC(MME, S-GW/P-GW) provides functionality for UE to connect to external
network as subnet of PDN.
In addition, LTE system provides LSM and self-optimization function for operation and
maintenance of eEB.
LTE network architecture of Samsung MBS system is as follows:
EMS
LSM-C
EMS
LSM-R
MSS
RMI
Gz
CG
Gz
TL1
SNMP/FTP/UDP
PDN
EPC
S10
P-GW
S5/S8
S11 S6a
S-GW
S1-U
Smart MBSSmart MBS
UE
MME
S1-MME
X2-C
X2-U
Uu
UE
Gy
OCS
Gx
PCRF
Sp
HSS/SPR
S1
Figure 1.3 LTE System Network Configuration
Evolved UTRAN Node-B (eNB)
eNB is a system located between mobile terminal (User Equipment, UE) and EPC, and it
handles the packet calls by connecting to UE wirelessly in accordance with LTE air
standard. eNB executes various functions including Tx/Rx of wireless signal,
modulation/demodulation of packet traffic, packet scheduling for efficient use of RF
resources, Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ) and Automatic Repeat request
(ARQ) process, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) of compressed packet header,
and wireless resource control.
Also, it synchronizes with EPC to execute handover.
Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
EPC is a system between eNB and PDN. It incorporates MME, S-GW/P-GW.
MME: MME handles control message with eNB via Non-Access Stratum (NAS)
signaling protocol, and performs management of mobility for UE, management of
tracking area list, control plane function such as bearer and session management.
S-GW: S-GW plays role as anchor on user plane between 2G/3G access system and
LTE system. S-GW manages/processes packet transmit layer of downlink/uplink data.
P-GW: P-GW allocates IP address to UE, plays role as anchor for mobility between
LTE system and non-3GPP access systems, manages accounting for different service
levels, and handles management/modification of the throughput rate.
LTE System Manager (LSM)
LSM provides the following functions.
LTE System Manager-Radio (LSM-R)
The LSM-R provides an operator interface which the operator can use for operation
and maintenance of the eNB. It also provides functions for software management,
configuration management, performance management and fault management, and Self
Organizing Network (SON) server.
LTE System Manager-Core (LSM-C)
The LSM-C provides an operator interface which the operator can use for operation
and maintenance of the MME, S-GW and P-GW.
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
The HSS is a database management system that stores and manages the parameters and
location information for all registered mobile subscribers. The HSS manages key data, such
as the mobile subscriber’s access capability, basic and supplementary services, and
provides a routing function to the called subscriber.
Master SON Server (MSS)
MSS is a higher node of local SON server. MSS interworks with local SON server to
optimize the interworking in regards to Multi-LSM. MSS is a function that is interworking
with the operator Operations Support System (OSS), and the availability of this optional
function will be decided after discussion with operator.
Policy Charging & Rule Function (PCRF)
The PCRF server creates policy rules to dynamically apply the QoS and accounting
policies differentiated by service flow, or creates the policy rules that can be applied
commonly to multiple service flows. The IP edge includes the Policy and Charging
Enforcement Function (PCEF), which allows application of policy rules received from the
The eNB manages UEs which are in connected mode at the Access Stratum (AS) level.
The MME manages UEs which are in idle mode at the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) level,
and the P-GW manages user data at the NAS level as well as working with other networks.
The functional architecture of E-UTRAN eNB, MME, S-GW, and P-GW according to the
3GPP standard is shown below. The eNB is structured in layers while the EPC is not.
eNB
Inter Cell RRM
RB Control
Connection Mobility Control
Radio Admission Control
eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)
RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
PHY
E-UTRAN
S1
MME
NAS Security
Idle State Mobility
Handling
EPS Bearer Control
S-GW
Mobility Anchoring
P-GW
UE IP address allocation
Packet Filtering
EPC
Internet
eNB
The eNB serves the Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), a wireless access network in the LTE
system. The eNBs are connected via the X2 interface whereas the eNB and EPC are
connected via S1 interface.
The eNB’s wireless protocol layers are divided into Layer 2 and Layer 3.
Layer 2 is subdivided into the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control
(RLC) layer, and PDCP layer, each operating independently. Layer 3 has the RRC layer.
The MAC sublayer distributes wireless resources to each bearer according to its priority,
and carries out the multiplexing function and the HARQ function for the data received
from the multiple upper logical channels.
Segmentation and reassembly on the data received from the PDCP sublayer into the
size specified by the MAC sublayer
Restoration of the transmission by resending in case of transmission failure at lower-
level layers (ARQ)
Re-ordering of the HARQ operation of the MAC sublayer
The PDCP layer carries out the following functions.
Header compression and decompression
Ciphering and deciphering of the user plane and control plane data
Integrity protection and verification of the control plane data
Data transmission of data, including serial numbers
Removing timer-based and duplicate data
The RRC layer is responsible for managing mobility in the wireless access network,
keeping and controlling the Radio Bearer (RB), managing RRC connections, and sending
system information.
Mobility Management Entity (MME)
The MME works with the E-UTRAN (eNB), handling S1 Application Protocol (S1-AP)
signaling messages in the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) base to control
call connections between the MME and eNB as well as handling NAS signaling messages
in the SCTP base to control mobility and call connections between the UE and EPC.
The MME also works with the HSS to obtain, modify and authenticate subscriber
information, and works with the S-GW to request assignment, release and modification of
bearer paths for data routing and forwarding using the GTP-C protocol.
The MME can work with the 2G and 3G systems, SGSN, and MSC to provide mobility,
Handover (HO), Circuit Service (CS) fallback, and Short Message Service (SMS).
The MME is also responsible for managing mobility between eNBs, idle-mode UE
reachability, Tracking Area (TA) list as well as for P-GW/S-GW selection, authentication,
and bearer management.
MME supports the handover between MMEs and provides the mobility for the handover
between the eNBs.
It also supports the SGSN selection function upon handover to a 2G or 3G 3GPP network.
Serving Gateway (S-GW)
The S-GW performs the mobility anchor function upon inter-eNB handover and inter-3GPP
handover as well as routing and forwarding of packet data. The S-GW allows the operator
to set a different charging policy by UE, PDN or QCI, and manages the packet transport
layer for uplink/downlink data. The S-GW also works with the MME, P-GW, and SGSN to
support the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) and Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP).
The P-GW works with PCRF to carry out charging and bearer policies, and manage the
charging and transmission rate based on the service level. It also provides packet filtering
per subscriber, assigns IP addresses to UEs, and manages the packet transmission layer of
the downlink data.
Smart MBS is the Samsung MBS system. It is managed by packet core (BSC, EPC), and
makes call to terminal to create LTE links. It is controlled by the BSC, DPC(LTE)for
connecting LTE calls to the mobile terminal.
To this end, the Smart MBS provides the following functions:
modulation/demodulation of packet traffic signal, scheduling and radio bandwidth
allocation to manage air resources efficiently and ensure Quality of Service (QoS),
Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) processing, ranging function, connection control function
to transmit the information on the Smart MBS and set/hold/disconnect the packet call
connection, handover control, control station such as BSC/EPC interface function, power
control function and system operation management function.
The Smart MBS securely and rapidly transmits various control signals and traffic signals
by interfacing with the BSC/EPC via the Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet backhaul.
Physically, the Smart MBS consists of an Universal platform type A Digital Unit (UADU),
which is a DU, and Local Radio Unit (LRU), which is a combined RF unit. UADU and
LRU are mounted on the outdoor cabinet with rectifier.
UADU is a digital part, which is a type of 19 in. shelf. It can be mounted onto outdoor 19
inch commercial rack, and one UADU can provide the following maximum capacity.
Based on operator’s setup, it can be operated as omni type or sector type.
Digital boards of each wireless technology, to be mounted in Smart MBS, share the
common DU platform. Therefore, different boards (for multiple technologies) may be
mounted in a single DU, and operator can mount up to 2 UADUs in outdoor cabinet to
implement various configurations.
LRU of Smart MBS can simultaneously support multiple technologies in the same
duplexing type with the same bandwidth.
Loopback Test
Smart MBS provides the loopback test function to check whether communication is normal
on the baseband I/Q interface line between the UADU and LRU.
Remote Firmware Downloading
The operator can upgrade the LRU and its service by replacing its firmware. Without
visiting the field station, the operator can download firmware to the LRU remotely using a
simple command from the BSM/LSM-R. In this way, operators can minimize the number
of visits to the field station, reducing maintenance costs and allowing the system to be
operated with greater ease.
Monitoring Port
Operators can monitor the information for an LRU using its debug port.
Smooth Migration
The UADU of the Smart MBS supports migration from 4G mobile communication such as
LTE by adding traffic processor card/channel cards and upgrading the software.
The LRU of the Smart MBS, on the other hand, only requires software upgrade for
evolving into 4G mobile communication in the same frequency range or even simultaneous
operation of 3G and 4G mobile communications.
Smart MBS can handle downlink OFDMA/uplink SC-FDMA channel processing that
supports the Physical Layer of LTE standard.
Downlink OFDMA can use sub-carrier, which are assigned to each subscriber, to
simultaneously send data to multiple users. Also, in accordance with the requested data
transfer rate, it can assign single (or multiple) sub-carrier to particular subscriber for data
transmission. Also, when entire sub-carriers are shared by multiple subscribers, OFDMA
can dynamically determine well-matched sub-carrier for each subscriber, so that resource
can be assigned efficiently to enhance data throughput.
Uplink SC-FDMA is basically similar to Mod/Demodulation algorithm of OFDMA.
However, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) process is handled per each subscriber during
Tx Modulation, then on contrary, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) process is
handled during Demodulation to minimize potential Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR)
that can occur during the transmission. Also it is responsible for assigning the particular
frequency resource to particular subscriber continuously. As a result, it will reduce the
power that is dissipated by terminal.
Support for Broadband Channel Bandwidth
Smart MBS provides multiple bandwidth of 5 MHz high speed/high capacity packet
service.
QoS Support
Smart MBS provides QoS for the EPS bearer/E-RAB based on the standard QCI and
operator-specific QCI of the 3GPP TS. 23.203 specifications. Detailed techniques to
provide QoS are:
QoS-based radio scheduling
The scheduler allocates resources to provide the GBR based on QoS characteristics
(resource type, priority, PDB and PLER).
The scheduler supports the Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) for non-GBR
bearers.
Backhaul QoS
QoS mapping between the QoS class and DSCP
IP DSCP and Ethernet COS markings are used to satisfy the carrier’s backhaul
requirements.
Transmission is controlled according to the priority by QoS classes, such as
signaling, user traffic and O & M traffic.
QoS-based CAC
The CAC algorithm accepts calls only when the requested bit rate and QoS can be satisfied.
SON provides functions such as self-configuration, self-establishment and self-optimization.
Self-Configuration & Self-establishment
Self-configuration and the self-establishment allow system to configure radio parameters
automatically, and to be powered up and have backbone connectivity without human
interventions. This will reduce the cost of eNB installation and management. The detailed
functions are as follows:
Self-configuration
Initial Peripheral Component Interconnect
Initial neighbor information self-configuration
Initial Physical Random Access Channel
Self-establishment
Auto OAM connectivity
Software and configuration data loading
Automatic S1/X2 setup
Self-Test
Self-Optimization
PCI auto-configuration
The local SON server of the LSM provides the function for allocating the initial PCI in
the self-establishment procedure of a new system, and the function for detecting a
problem automatically and setting a proper PCI when a PCI collision/confusion occurs
during operation with the adjacent cells.
Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) optimization
The ANR function dynamically manages the Neighbor Relation Table (NRT)
according to neighbor cells growing/degrowing reduced so as to minimize the network
operator’s efforts to maintain the optimal NRT. To maintain the optimal NRT, SON
server is required to self-configure initial NRT of each system and to detect
environmental changes during operation, such as cell growing/degrowing or new
system installation.
In other words, the ANR function updates the NRT for each eNB by automatically
recognizing the topology change such as installing or removing a new adjacent cell or
adjacent system and by adding or removing the Neighbor Relation (NR) to or from a
new adjacent cell.
Mobility robustness optimization
Based on the moment before, after, or during handover caused by mobile terminal
mobility within the system, the mobility robustness optimization function is to
improve handover performance by recognizing problems that trigger handover at the
incorrect time (e.g., too early or too late) or to the incorrect target cell and by
optimizing the handover parameters according to the causes of the problems.
RACH optimization
The RACH Optimization (RO) function can minimize the network operator’s efforts to
minimize access delay and interference by managing dynamically the parameters
related to random access. The RO function is divided into the initial RACH setting
operation and the operation for optimizing parameters related to the RACH.
The initial RACH setting is to set the preamble signatures and the initial time
resource considering the neighbor cells.
The parameter optimization related to the RACH is to optimize the related
parameters by estimating the RACH resources, such as time resource and
subscriber transmission power required for random access that changes by time
during operation.
Load balancing
The Load balancing feature in a multi-carrier environment selects and hands over
mobile terminal from a high-loaded carrier and to a low-loaded carrier. If all carriers in
the same sector are highly loaded, it selects a low-loaded neighbor cell and the mobile
terminal in the cell edge to perform handover. The mobile terminal selection algorithm
tries to minimize the QoS degradation.
Idle UE distribution function among carriers ensures that mobile terminals are camped
in a way that they are distributed to low-loaded carriers, considering the active UE
load distribution among the carriers in the same sector.
Availability of System Features and Functions For availability and provision schedule of the features and functions described in
this system description, please refer to separate documentations.
Smart MBS is a base station that supports LTE technology which provides physical layer,
and call processing feature. Regardless of the operated technology, IP processing feature
and operation/maintenance feature are integrated.
2.2.1 Physical Layer Processing Function
2.2.1.2 LTE Physical Layer Processing Function
Downlink Reference Signal Generation and Transmission
Reference Signal is used for demodulation of downlink signal at mobile terminal, and also
utilized for measuring the channel characteristic for scheduling, link adaptation, and
handoff.
In case of sending Non-MBSFN (Multimedia Broadcast multicast service over a Single
Frequency Network), there are two reference signals.
Cell-specific reference signal: Cell-specific reference signals are used to measure the
quality of the channel, calculate the MISO rank, perform MISO precoding matrix
selection, and measure the strength of the signals for handover.
UE-specific reference signal: UE-specific reference signals are used to measure the quality
of the channel for data demodulation which is located in the PDSCH block of the specific
mobile terminal in the beamforming transmission mode.
Downlink Synchronization Signal Generation and Transmission
Synchronization signal is used by mobile terminal when obtaining the initial
synchronization before communicating with base station. It has two signals, namely
Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). Cell
identity information can be identified by synchronization signal. Mobile terminal can
obtain additional information (other than cell information) via Broadcast Channel.
Synchronization signal and Broadcast channel are transmitted through the exact center of
channel bandwidth of the cell, which is 1.08 MHz band. This is to allow mobile terminal to
identify cell’s basic information such as cell ID regardless of base station’s transmission
bandwidth range.
Channel Encoding/Decoding
Smart MBS executes channel encoding/decoding function which is designed to correct the
error generated on wireless channel environment. LTE uses turbo coding and 1/3 tail-biting
convolutional coding. Turbo coding is generally used to send relatively large data of
downlink/uplink, while convolutional coding is used for control data transmission
(downlink and uplink) or used as broadcast channel.
Modulation/Demodulation
In case of downlink, Smart MBS receive data from upper layer, process it with baseband of
physical layer, and sends it out onto wireless channel. At this time, baseband signal is
modulated to higher bandwidth in order to transmit it to longer distance. Also, in case of
uplink, base station receives the data via wireless channel, demodulate it into baseband
signal, and decodes it.
Resource Allocation & Scheduling
With LTE, Smart MBS uses multi link scheme. OFDMA is used for downlink while SCFDMA is used for uplink. Both schemes allocate 2-dimensional (time & frequency)
resources into multiple terminals (without overlapping to each other) that communication
link is allocated to multiple terminals.
In exceptional case of MU-SISO mode, same resource can be shared among multiple
terminals. Such allocation of resources onto multiple terminal, is referred to as scheduling,
and individual scheduler of each cell can process this.
LTE Scheduler of Smart MBS can analyze channel environment of each terminal,
demanded data transfer rate, and various QoS to optimize the resource allocation to
maximize the cell’s total throughput. Also, in order to reduce the interference with other
cells, it can exchange information with other cell’s scheduler via X2 interface.
Link Adaptation
Wireless channel condition can change either rapidly or slowly, either improve or
deteriorate. When channel’s condition can be expected, it can be used to increase the data
transfer rate, or maximize the entire cell’s throughput. This is called ‘Link Adaption’.
Particularly, MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) can adjust modulation scheme and
channel coding rate at different channel’s conditions. For example, good channel
environment will utilize high-order modulation (such as 64 QAM) to enlarge the number of
transmitted bit per unit symbol, but bad channel environment will utilize low-order
modulation and low coding rate to minimize the channel error.
In channel environment where MISO is supported, MISO Mode is utilized to either
increase the user’s peak data rate or cell throughput. In cases when channel condition is
incorrectly reported, or if higher ordered modulation or coding rate is used, error can occur.
This can be efficiently corrected by Hybrid-ARQ feature.
H-ARQ
H-ARQ is a physical layer retransmission scheme which utilizes stop-and-wait protocol.
Smart MBS executes H-ARQ to minimize the potential impact due to change in either
wireless channel environment or noise signal level. It improves throughput by
retransmitting or combining the frame in physical layer.
LTE uses H-ARQ technique based on Incremental Redundancy (IR), and considers Chase
Combining (CC) scheme as one specific method of IR. In case of Downlink, Smart MBS
uses asynchronous scheme, but uplink uses synchronous scheme.
Since mobile terminals within a cell in LTE use orthogonal resources with no interference
between the mobile terminals, there is no intra-cell interference. However, if different
mobile terminals in neighboring cells use the same resource, interference may occur. This
happens more seriously between the mobile terminals located on the cell edge, resulting in
serious degradation at cell edge.
The technique used to relieve such inter-cell interference problem on the cell edge is InterCell Interference Coordination (ICIC). ICIC allows interference signals to be transmitted to
other cells in the cell edge area in as small an amount as possible by allocating a basically
different resource to each mobile terminal that belongs to a different cell and by carrying
out power control according to the mobile terminal’s location in the cell.
Smart MBS uses the X2 interface for exchanging scheduling information with one another
for preventing interferences by resource conflicts at cell edges. If the interference of a
nearby cell is too strong, the system informs the other system to control the strength of the
interference system. Therefore, the ICIC function is used for enhancing the overall cell
performance.
2.2.2 Call Processing Function
2.2.2.2 LTE Call Processing Function
Cell Information Transmission
In the cell area being served, the Smart MBS periodically broadcasts a Master Information
Block (MIB) and the System Information Blocks (SIBs), which are system information, to
allow the mobile terminal that receives them to perform proper call processing.
Call Control and Air Resource Assignment
Smart MBS allows the mobile terminal to be connected to or to be released from the
network.
When the mobile terminal is connected to or released from the network, the Smart MBS
sends and receives the signaling messages required for call processing to and from the
mobile terminal via the Uu interface, and to and from the EPC via the S1 interface.
When the mobile terminal connects to the network, the Smart MBS carries out call control
and resource allocation required for service. When the mobile terminal is released from the
network, it collects and releases the allocated resources.
Smart MBS supports intra-frequency or inter-frequency handover between intra-eNB cells,
X2 handover between eNBs, and S1 handover between eNBs, and carries out the signaling
and bearer processing functions required for handover. At intra-eNB handover, handoverrelated messages are transmitted via internal eNB interfaces; at X2 handover, via the X2
interface; at S1 handover, via the S1 interface.
Smart MBS carries out the data retransmission function to minimize user traffic
disconnections at X2 and S1 handovers. The source eNB provides two methods of using
the X2 interface for direct retransmission to the target eNB and using the S1 interface for
indirect retransmission. Smart MBS uses the data forwarding function to ensure that the UE
receives the traffic without any loss at handover.
Admission Control (AC) Function
Smart MBS provides capacity-based admission control and QoS-based admission control
for a bearer setup request from the EPC so that the system is not overloaded.
Capacity-based AC
There is a threshold for the maximum number of connected mobile terminals (new
calls/handover calls) and a threshold for the maximum number of connected bearers
that can be allowed in the Smart MBS. When a call setup is requested, the permission
is determined depending on whether the connected mobile terminals and bearers
exceed the thresholds.
QoS-based AC
Smart MBS provides the function for determining whether to permit a call depending
on the estimated Physical Resource Block (PRB) usage of the newly requested bearer,
the PRB usage status of the bearers in service, and the maximum acceptance limit of
the PRB (per bearer type, QCI, and UL/DL).
RLC ARQ Function
Smart MBS carries out the ARQ function for the RLC Acknowledged Mode (AM) only.
When receiving and sending packet data, the RLC transmits the SDU by dividing it into
units of RLC PDU in the sending end and the packet is forwarded according to the ARQ
feedback information received from the receiving side for increased reliability of the data
communication.
QoS Support Function
Smart MBS should receive QCI (QoS Class Identifier) which defines QoS characteristics,
GBR, Maximum Bit Rate (MBR), Aggregated Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) from EPC.
Also, it should provide QoS between wireless interface between mobile terminal and Smart
MBS, and on the backhaul between Smart MBS and S-GW.
Wireless interface should perform retransmission in order to satisfy rate control based on
GBR/MBR/AMBR values, bearer priority defined in QCI, and scheduling considered
packet delay budget, and Packet Loss Error Rate (PLER).
For QoS in Backhaul, packet classification based on QCI, QCI to DSCP mapping, and
marking should be executed. Queuing should be provided in accordance with the result of
the mapping, and each Queues should send the packets to EPC per strict priority.
In case of EMS, other than the previously defined QCI, configuration for operator specific
QCI and QCI-to-DSCP mapping can be configured.
Since Smart MBS supports Differentiated Services (DiffServ), it can provide the backhaul
QoS in the communication with ACR.
It supports 8-class DiffServ and supports the mapping between the DiffServ service class
and the service class of the user traffic received from an MS. In addition, Smart MBS
supports the mapping between Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) and 802.3
Ethernet MAC service class.
IP Routing Function
Since Smart MBS provides multiple Ethernet interfaces, it maintains a routing table to
route IP packets to different Ethernet interfaces. Smart MBSs. routing table is configured
by the operator similar to a standard router configuration.
Smart MBS only supports static source routing, and does not provide routing feature for
traffic received from external network and does not support any IP routing protocols.
Ethernet/VLAN Interface Feature
The TD-LTE Flexible system provides the Ethernet interface and supports the static link
grouping function, Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) function and Ethernet CoS
function under IEEE 802.3ad for the Ethernet interface. At this time, the MAC bridge
function defined in IEEE 802.1D is excluded.
The TD-LTE Flexible system enables several VLAN IDs to be set in one Ethernet interface
and maps the DSCP value of IP header with the CoS value of Ethernet header in Tx packet
to support Ethernet CoS.
2.2.4 Operation and Maintenance Function
Smart MBS interworking with the management system carries out the following
maintenance functions: system initialization and restart, management for system
configuration, management for the operation parameters, failure and status management for
system resources and services, statistics management for system resources and various
performance data, diagnosis management for system resources and services and security
management for system access and operation.
Graphic and Text based Interface
BSM/LSM-R manages the each LTE system by using Database Management System
(DBMS) and Smart MBS interworks with this BSM/LSM-R.
For operator’s convenience and working purpose, graphic-based and text-based interface is
provided. The operator can carry out the retrieval and setup of the configuration and the
operation information and monitoring about faults, status and statistics via this interface.
Also, the operator can carry out grow/degrow of resources and setting of the neighbor list
and paging group which have correlation between several NEs only via the BSM/LSM-R.