Samsung SMM BMAA022000 User Manual

Ver. 1.0

LTE/CDMA Smart MBS

System Description

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description

INTRODUCTION

Purpose

This description introduces characteristics, features, and structure for Smart MBS (Multimodal Base Station), which is the Samsung Multi-Modal system.

Document Content and Organization

This description consists of 4 Chapters and Abbreviation as follows.

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System

Samsung Multi-Modal System Introduction

Samsung Multi-Modal System Network Configuration

Samsung Multi-Modal System Feature

CHAPTER 2. Overview of Smart MBS

Smart MBS System Introduction

Smart MBS Main Feature

Smart MBS Specification

Interface between the Systems

CHAPTER 3. Smart MBS System Structure

Hardware Structure

Software Structure

CHAPTER 4. Message Flow

CDMA, LTE Call Processing Message Flow

Loading flow

ABBREVIATION

Provides definition for acronyms used in this description.

INTRODUCTION

Conventions

The following types of paragraphs contain special information that must be carefully read and thoroughly understood. Such information may or may not be enclosed in a rectangular box, separating it from the main text, but is always preceded by an icon and/or a bold title.

NOTE

Indicates additional information as a reference.

Revision History

EDITION	DATE OF ISSUE	REMARKS
1.0	2012. 02.	First Edition

II	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION	I
Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................	I
Document Content and Organization.....................................................................................................	I
Conventions...........................................................................................................................................	II
Revision History.....................................................................................................................................	II

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System			1-1
1.1	Introduction to Samsung Multi-Modal System....................................................................		1-1
1.2	Samsung Multi-Modal System Network Configuration.......................................................		1-3
	1.2.1	CDMA System Network Configuration.................................................................................	1-4
	1.2.2 LTE System Network Configuration .....................................................................................		1-7
1.3	Samsung Multi-Modal System Feature ..............................................................................		1-10
	1.3.1	CDMA System Feature.......................................................................................................	1-10
	1.3.2	LTE System Feature...........................................................................................................	1-11

CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract			2-1
2.1	Smart MBS System Introduction ..........................................................................................		2-1
	2.1.1	CDMA System Feature.........................................................................................................	2-3
	2.1.2	LTE System Feature.............................................................................................................	2-3
2.2	Smart MBS Main Feature.......................................................................................................		2-7
	2.2.1 Physical Layer Processing Function ....................................................................................		2-7
	2.2.2	Call Processing Function....................................................................................................	2-11
	2.2.3	IP Processing Function.......................................................................................................	2-13
	2.2.4 Operation and Maintenance Function................................................................................		2-13
2.3	Specifications ......................................................................................................................		2-16
2.4	Interface between Systems.................................................................................................		2-18
	2.4.1	CDMA Interface Structure...................................................................................................	2-18
	2.4.2	LTE Interface Structure.......................................................................................................	2-20
	2.4.3 Physical Interface Operation Method .................................................................................		2-25

III

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 3. Smart MBS Structure		3-1
3.1 Smart MBS Hardware Structure ..............................................................................................		3-1
3.1.1 Internal Configuration of System (CDMA)............................................................................		3-5
3.1.2 Internal Configuration of System (LTE) ................................................................................		3-7
3.1.3	UADU....................................................................................................................................	3-9
3.1.4	LRU.....................................................................................................................................	3-14
3.1.5	Power Device......................................................................................................................	3-16
3.1.5	Environment Devices..........................................................................................................	3-18
3.1.6	Interface structure...............................................................................................................	3-20
3.2 Smart MBS Software Structure ...........................................................................................		3-24
3.2.1	CDMA Software Structure...................................................................................................	3-24
3.2.2	LTE Software Structure.......................................................................................................	3-29

CHAPTER 4. Message Flow		4-1
4.1	Call Processing Message Flow .............................................................................................	4-1
	4.1.1 CDMA Call Processing Message Flow ................................................................................	4-1
	4.1.2 LTE Call Processing Message Flow...................................................................................	4-18
4.2	Loading Flow ........................................................................................................................	4-29

ABBREVIATION	I
A ~ C .......................................................................................................................................................	I
D ~ F ......................................................................................................................................................	II
G ~ M....................................................................................................................................................	III
N ~ P.....................................................................................................................................................	IV
Q ~ S......................................................................................................................................................	V
T ~ W ....................................................................................................................................................	VI

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Network Configuration of Samsung Multi-Modal System		.......................................1-3
Figure 1.2 CDMA System Network Configuration ...................................................................		1-4
Figure 1.3	LTE System Network Configuration .......................................................................	1-7
Figure 1.4 CDMA System Functional Structure.....................................................................		1-10
Figure 1.5	Functions of E-UTRAN and EPC .........................................................................	1-11
Figure 2.1	Protocol Stack between BTS and MS ..................................................................	2-18
Figure 2.2	Protocol Stack between BTS and BSC ................................................................	2-19

IV	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

Figure 2.3 Protocol Stack between BTS and BSM ...............................................................		2-19
Figure 2.4 LTE Interface Structure........................................................................................		2-20
Figure 2.5 Protocol Stack between UE and eNB ..................................................................		2-21
Figure 2.6 Protocol Stack between eNB and EPC................................................................		2-22
Figure 2.7 Protocol Stack between eNB and MME...............................................................		2-22
Figure 2.8 Protocol Stack between eNBs (User Plane) ........................................................		2-23
Figure 2.9 Protocol Stack between eNBs (Control Plane) ....................................................		2-23
Figure 2.10 Protocol Stack between eNB and LSM..............................................................		2-24
Figure 3.1 Smart MBS Configuration......................................................................................		3-2
Figure 3.2 CDMA/LTE 3Sector Configuration.........................................................................		3-3
Figure 3.3 CDMA/LTE 4 Sector Configuration........................................................................		3-4
Figure 3.4 CDMA/LTE 6 Sector Configuration........................................................................		3-4
Figure 3.5 Internal Configuration of System (CDMA) .............................................................		3-5
Figure 3.6 Internal Configuration of System (LTE) .................................................................		3-7
Figure 3.7	UADU Configuration..............................................................................................	3-9
Figure 3.8 Cooling Structure of the UADU (FANM-C4).........................................................		3-13
Figure 3.9 Power Device Configuration................................................................................		3-16
Figure 3.10	Power Structure.................................................................................................	3-17
Figure 3.10 Configuration of Environment Devices ..............................................................		3-18
Figure 3.11 Hardware Interface structure of UADU (CDMA) ................................................		3-20
Figure 3.12 Hardware Interface structure of UADU (LTE) ....................................................		3-22
Figure 3.13 Hardware Interface structure of LRU-C2 ...........................................................		3-23
Figure 3.14	CDMA Software Structure .................................................................................	3-24
Figure 3.15 CDMA Call Processing Software Structure........................................................		3-24
Figure 3.16 CDMA OAM Software Structure ........................................................................		3-25
Figure 3.17 CDMA Common Software Structure ..................................................................		3-27
Figure 3.18 LTE Software Structure .....................................................................................		3-29
Figure 4.1 1X voice call origination.........................................................................................		4-2
Figure 4.2 1X voice call termination .......................................................................................		4-4
Figure 4.3 1X packet data call origination...............................................................................		4-6
Figure 4.4 1X packet data call termination .............................................................................		4-7
Figure 4.5 1X voice call soft handoff ......................................................................................		4-8
Figure 4.6 1X call release by MS............................................................................................		4-9
Figure 4.7 1X call release by WSS.......................................................................................		4-10
Figure 4.8 1xEV-DO Session setup.......................................................................................		4-11
Figure 4.9 1xEV-DO MS authentication and PPP setup.......................................................		4-12
Figure 4.10 Transition to the 1xEV-DO Dormant state .........................................................		4-13
Figure 4.11 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by MS .................		4-14

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Figure 4.12 Transition from 1xEV-DO Dormant status to the Active state by network...........		4-15
Figure 4.13 1xEV-DO softer handoff .....................................................................................		4-16
Figure 4.14 1xEV-DO soft handoff ........................................................................................		4-17
Figure 4.15	Attach Process...................................................................................................	4-18
Figure 4.16 Service Request Process by UE........................................................................		4-20
Figure 4.17 Service Request Process by Network................................................................		4-21
Figure 4.18 Detach Process by UE.......................................................................................		4-22
Figure 4.19 Detach Process by MME ...................................................................................		4-23
Figure 4.20	X2-based Handover Procedure..........................................................................	4-24
Figure 4.21	S1-based Handover Procedure..........................................................................	4-26
Figure 4.22	Smart MBS’ Loading Message Flow ..................................................................	4-30

VI	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung

Multi-Modal System

1.1 Introduction to Samsung Multi-Modal System

As mobile telecommunication technology has experienced rapid growth from analog mobile telecommunication (1st Generation) to digital mobile telecommunication (2nd Generation) to CDMA2000 (3rd Generation), and into WiMAX/LTE (4th Generation), voice service is being expanded into data service.

Especially, wire/wireless hybrid service and new type mobile terminal such as smart phone increased the demands for the high speed wireless technology. Along with the enhancement of various mobile telecommunication networks, it is now becoming common for a single terminal to support different mobile technologies.

Samsung Multi-Modal System is multi-mode base station that will satisfy such needs of mobile telecommunication market by integrating voice (1X), data (1xEV-DO) and 4G generation equipment(for example, LTE) into a single base station equipment.

Samsung Multi-Modal System mounts common Digital Unit (DU) platform, and Radio Unit (RU) per each frequency bandwidth that operator can decide to configure it with either single or multiple mobile technology. Samsung Multi-Modal System provides CDMA of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) method and LTE FDD.

In this case, Samsung Multi-Modal System supports the following telecommunication technologies and major features.

Enhancement of CDMA Service Quality

When Samsung Multi-Modal system is operating in CDMA mode, it provides EV-DO Rev0/RevA and 1X Advanced capabilities for an improved throughput and higher voice capacity. The 2branch Rx Diversity feature provides enhanced CDMA network coverage for the system.

CDMA2000 1X/1X Advanced

Enhanced Variable Rate Codec-B (EVRC-B), Reverse Link Interference Cancellation (RLIC), Quasi Orthogonal Function (QOF) and New Radio Configuration (RC) are applied

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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System

to Samsung Multi-Modal system based on CDMA2000 1X. Therefore, Samsung MultiModal system interworks with mobile terminal that Qualcomm Linear Interference Cancellation (eQLIC), Mobile Receive Diversity (MRD) and New RC are applied to, can support 1X Advanced that improves voice call capacity.

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.0/Rev.A

Samsung Multi-Modal system supports CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.0/Rev.A for data service on CDMA network.

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Samsung Multi-Modal system supports the service based on 3GPP LTE(a.k.a. LTE).

It improves the existing 3GPP mobile telecommunication system (low data throughput, but high in cost) to a next generation wireless network system which provides a high speed data service with minimal cost.

Samsung Multi-Modal system supports downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) with either FDD, Uplink Single Carrier (SC) Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), and scalable bandwidth (for various spectrum allocation) to provide high speed data service. Also, high-end hardware is implemented to improve system performance and capacity that various high speed data feature/service can be provided.

Ease of Expanding 4G Service

Samsung Multi-Modal system only requires minimal board replacements and software upgrades to provide a combined service of existing technology and 4G service from the existing DU-RU cabinet and battery cabinet. Samsung Multi-Modal system utilizes the existing cables, rectifiers, and batteries. The ease of 4G-installation and co-existence of technologies will bring about a lot flexibility and efficiency for the operator in network implementation, transition and expansion of future 4G service.

Green Solution

Samsung Multi-Modal system combines the equipment of 3G base station and the equipment of the next generation 4G base station into a single base station, and also contains the rectifier within the DU-RU cabinet. Samsung Multi-Modal system can reduce the number of the equipment

Provides Efficient Backhaul Operation

Samsung Multi-Modal system provides functionality that can operate multiple telecommunication technologies into a single physical backhaul network for reducing backhaul expenses. In addition, it supports an efficient backhaul operation by providing a ‘per-technology’ sectional network operation by logically separating the backhaul, minimizing traffic interference between different technologies.

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

1.2Samsung Multi-Modal System Network Configuration

Samsung Multi-Modal system plays a role as CDMA/LTE base station in a network where CDMA and LTE systems co-exist. Samsung Multi-Modal System is configured as follows:

PDN		Sp				PSTN
		Sp
	PCRF	IMS-HSS
	PCRF	LTE-HSS/SPR	SMS		VMS	SCP
DPI		LTE-HSS/SPR

	Gx	S6a
	Gx	S6a		MAP	MAP	WIN
				MAP	MAP	WIN
		RADIUS				HLR
		AAA	AAA			HLR
						MAP
			HA		STP
			RADIUS
		PMIP	HSGW/
	EPC		PDSN
	EPC		A10/A11
	(MME/S-GW/P-GW)		A10/A11		WSS
	(MME/S-GW/P-GW)				WSS
					A1p	A2p
						A2p
						MGW
	S1
					BSC
	LTE			CDMA
		Samsung Multi-Modal
		System

Figure 1.1 Network Configuration of Samsung Multi-Modal System

When operating as CDMA, Samsung Multi-Modal system communicates with BSC (CDMA controller), and operator may use BSM (EMS of CDMA) to control and manage CDMA portion of Samsung Multi-Modal system. Likewise, when operating as LTE, it communicates with EPC, and operator may use LSM-R (EMS of LTE) to control and manage LTE portion of Samsung Multi-Modal system.

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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System

1.2.1 CDMA System Network Configuration

CDMA system network consists of Access Networks (AN) for mobile terminal access, Voice Core Network (VCN) for voice service, and Packet Core Network (PCN) for packet data service.

AN consists of Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Base Station Controller (BSC), and BSS System Manager (BSM) to manage these components. AN communicates with VCN (MGW, WSS, etc.) and PCN (AN-AAA, PDSN, etc.) to provide voice/data communication service to mobile subscribers.

CDMA network architecture of Samsung Multi-Modal system is as follows:

VCN

MGW

WSS

A2p

A1p

PCN

A12

Proprietary

EMS

AN-AAA

BSC

A10, A11

BSM

Internet

Proprietary

PDSN

…

BTS

IS2000, IS856

MS MS

Figure 1.2 CDMA System Network Configuration

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

BTS is a system that handles wireless interface with mobile terminals(Mobile Station, MS) in accordance with CDMA2000 1X and 1xEV-DO standards as base station of CDMA. BTS receives data from MS and forwards it to core network through BSC, and receives data from core network via BSC and forwards it to MS. In order to play a role as wireless transceiver, BTS manages Radio Frequency (RF) resources such as Carrier Allocation (CA), Walsh codes.

BTS also supports RF scheduling and power control functionality.

Base Station Controller (BSC)

Through various backhaul interfaces, BSC coordinates with multiple BTS, and provides resources that are required for communicating with BTS. BSC communicates with VCN to process voice/circuit data calls, and coordinates with PCN to process packet data calls. It also carries out operation/maintenance function in conjunction with BSM. It executes Radio Link Protocol (RLP) and Selection and Distribution Unit (SDU) function aiding handoff of MSs between BTSs. BSC also has Packet Control Function (PCF) SC/MM feature that provides Session Control and Mobility Management function in 1xEV-DO network.

BSS System Manager (BSM)

BSM provides operator interface that operators can control and manage BSC and BTS. For Operation and Maintenance of BSC and BTS, BSM provides required commands such as alarm/status/performance display, configuration management, and parameter control of the system.

Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN) System

PDSN is a system which connects PCN to CDMA2000 1X or 1xEV-DO, and it enables/maintains/disables the PPP to MS. PDSN particularly carries out functionality as Foreign Agent (FA) for Home Agent (HA) to provide mobile IP service.

Access Network-Authorization, Authentication and Accounting (AN-AAA)

AN-AAA is a server that performs access network authentication for subscribers in 1xEVDO network. AN-AAA executes authentication based on Network Access Identifier (NAI), and manages the mapping data of International Mobile Station Identity (IMSI) and MS NAI.

Media Gateway (MGW)

MGW is an equipment that provides bearer gateway functionality (media conversion and handling) in a CDMA network. MGW exchanges Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) data (which is based on TDM) with PSTN, and exchanges voice frame (which is based on IP) with BSC.

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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System

Wireless Softswtich (WSS)

WSS is a system component which provides switching role in CDMA voice network. It also provides additional services for connecting subscribers to additional equipments or other networks (PSTN).

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

1.2.2 LTE System Network Configuration

LTE network of Samsung Multi-Modal system incorporates base station (eNB), packet core (EPC), LSM. The LTE system consists of multiple base stations (eNB: Evolved UTRAN Node-B) and EPC(MME, S-GW/P-GW) provides functionality for UE to connect to external network as subnet of PDN.

In addition, LTE system provides LSM and self-optimization function for operation and maintenance of eEB.

LTE network architecture of Samsung Multi-Modal system is as follows:

	PDN
EPC	Gy
EPC
	OCS

S10

PCRF

P-GW

S5/S8

TL1

S11

S6a

EMS

HSS/SPR

S-GW

MME

LSM-C

S1-U

S1-MME

EMS

SNMP/FTP/UDP

X2-C

LSM-R

X2-U

Smart MBS

RMI

MSS

UE UE

Figure 1.3 LTE System Network Configuration

Evolved UTRAN Node-B (eNB)

eNB is a system located between mobile terminal (User Equipment, UE) and EPC, and it handles the packet calls by connecting to UE wirelessly in accordance with LTE air standard. eNB executes various functions including Tx/Rx of wireless signal, modulation/demodulation of packet traffic, packet scheduling for efficient use of RF resources, Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ) and Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) process, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) of compressed packet header, and wireless resource control.

Also, it synchronizes with EPC to execute handover.

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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

EPC is a system between eNB and PDN. It incorporates MME, S-GW/P-GW.

MME: MME handles control message with eNB via Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling protocol, and performs management of mobility for UE, management of tracking area list, control plane function such as bearer and session management.

S-GW: S-GW plays role as anchor on user plane between 2G/3G access system and LTE system. S-GW manages/processes packet transmit layer of downlink/uplink data.

P-GW: P-GW allocates IP address to UE, plays role as anchor for mobility between LTE system and non-3GPP access systems, manages accounting for different service levels, and handles management/modification of the throughput rate.

LTE System Manager (LSM)

LSM provides the following functions.

LTE System Manager-Radio (LSM-R)

The LSM-R provides an operator interface which the operator can use for operation and maintenance of the eNB. It also provides functions for software management, configuration management, performance management and fault management, and Self Organizing Network (SON) server.

LTE System Manager-Core (LSM-C)

The LSM-C provides an operator interface which the operator can use for operation and maintenance of the MME, S-GW and P-GW.

Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

The HSS is a database management system that stores and manages the parameters and location information for all registered mobile subscribers. The HSS manages key data, such as the mobile subscriber’s access capability, basic and supplementary services, and provides a routing function to the called subscriber.

Master SON Server (MSS)

MSS is a higher node of local SON server. MSS interworks with local SON server to optimize the interworking in regards to Multi-LSM. MSS is a function that is interworking with the operator Operations Support System (OSS), and the availability of this optional function will be decided after discussion with operator.

Policy Charging & Rule Function (PCRF)

The PCRF server creates policy rules to dynamically apply the QoS and accounting policies differentiated by service flow, or creates the policy rules that can be applied commonly to multiple service flows. The IP edge includes the Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF), which allows application of policy rules received from the PCRF server to each service flow.

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

Online Charging System (OCS)

If subscribers (with online accounting information) makes call, subscriber’s accounting information is sent/received.

Offline Charging System (OFCS)

OFCS stores the offline accounting data, and provides accounting data per each subscriber.

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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System

1.3 Samsung Multi-Modal System Feature

1.3.1 CDMA System Feature

Following Figure shows CDMA system (BSC, BTS) based on 1X/1xEV-DO.

BSC

1xEV-DO

AN-AAA Client

SC/MM

1X Voice

Voice Handler

Paging Controller

A11 Handler

SUA Handler

IP Packet Forwarding

A10 Handler

Packet Classification

RLP Handler

ARQ

Abis

BTS

HARQ

IP Packet Forwarding

MAC

Packet Classification

PHY

Figure 1.4 CDMA System Functional Structure

BSC works with voice core equipments (MGW, WSS) to process signaling and bearer for voice service.

SUA (SCCP User Adaptation) Handler: Responsible for Alp signaling with WSS

Voice Handler: Voice Handler sends the voice bearer traffic to MGW. In addition, it works with PDSN for 1X data and 1xEV-DO data service.

A10 Handler: A10 Handler manages the bearer traffic of 1X data and 1xEV-DO data service.

A11 Handler: A11 Handler manages signaling of data service.

RLP Handler: RLP Handler manages the ARQ functionality for data communication.

AN-AAA client: AN-AAA client interworks with AN-AAA for authentication of 1x EV-DO terminal.

Session Control/Mobility Management (SC/MM): SC/MM provides session control and mobility management for 1xEV-DO.

Paging Controller: Paging Controller controls the paging for incoming call.

IP Packet forwarding and Packet Classification: IP Packet forwarding and Packet Classification function on BSC and BTS together provides the packet prioritization and classification for implementing the QoS on Abis and air interface.

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

BTS is responsible for radio resource control and air interface communication with MS. Through Common Air Interface (CAI), it provides features such as high speed data service, multimedia service, handoff procedures and QoS in accordance with standards defined in 3GPP2 C.S0024-0_v4.0 and 3GPP2 C.S0024-A_v3.0.

1.3.2 LTE System Feature

The eNB manages UEs which are in connected mode at the Access Stratum (AS) level. The MME manages UEs which are in idle mode at the Non-Access Stratum (NAS) level, and the P-GW manages user data at the NAS level as well as working with other networks.

The functional architecture of E-UTRAN eNB, MME, S-GW, and P-GW according to the 3GPP standard is shown below. The eNB is structured in layers while the EPC is not.

eNB

Inter Cell RRM

RB Control

Connection Mobility Control

Radio Admission Control

MME

eNB Measurement

Configuration & Provision

NAS Security

Idle State Mobility

Dynamic Resource

Handling

Allocation (Scheduler)

RRC

EPS Bearer Control

PDCP

S-GW

P-GW

RLC

MAC

Mobility Anchoring

UE IP address allocation

PHY

Packet Filtering

E-UTRAN

EPC

Internet

Figure 1.5 Functions of E-UTRAN and EPC

eNB

The eNB serves the Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN), a wireless access network in the LTE system. The eNBs are connected via the X2 interface whereas the eNB and EPC are connected via S1 interface.

The eNB’s wireless protocol layers are divided into Layer 2 and Layer 3.

Layer 2 is subdivided into the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and PDCP layer, each operating independently. Layer 3 has the RRC layer.

The MAC sublayer distributes wireless resources to each bearer according to its priority, and carries out the multiplexing function and the HARQ function for the data received

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CHAPTER 1. Overview of Samsung Multi-Modal System

from the multiple upper logical channels.

The RLC layer performs the following functions.

Segmentation and reassembly on the data received from the PDCP sublayer into the size specified by the MAC sublayer

Restoration of the transmission by resending in case of transmission failure at lowerlevel layers (ARQ)

Re-ordering of the HARQ operation of the MAC sublayer

The PDCP layer carries out the following functions.

Header compression and decompression

Ciphering and deciphering of the user plane and control plane data

Integrity protection and verification of the control plane data

Data transmission of data, including serial numbers

Removing timer-based and duplicate data

The RRC layer is responsible for managing mobility in the wireless access network, keeping and controlling the Radio Bearer (RB), managing RRC connections, and sending system information.

Mobility Management Entity (MME)

The MME works with the E-UTRAN (eNB), handling S1 Application Protocol (S1-AP) signaling messages in the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) base to control call connections between the MME and eNB as well as handling NAS signaling messages in the SCTP base to control mobility and call connections between the UE and EPC.

The MME also works with the HSS to obtain, modify and authenticate subscriber information, and works with the S-GW to request assignment, release and modification of bearer paths for data routing and forwarding using the GTP-C protocol.

The MME can work with the 2G and 3G systems, SGSN, and MSC to provide mobility, Handover (HO), Circuit Service (CS) fallback, and Short Message Service (SMS).

The MME is also responsible for managing mobility between eNBs, idle-mode UE reachability, Tracking Area (TA) list as well as for P-GW/S-GW selection, authentication, and bearer management.

MME supports the handover between MMEs and provides the mobility for the handover between the eNBs.

It also supports the SGSN selection function upon handover to a 2G or 3G 3GPP network.

Serving Gateway (S-GW)

The S-GW performs the mobility anchor function upon inter-eNB handover and inter-3GPP handover as well as routing and forwarding of packet data. The S-GW allows the operator to set a different charging policy by UE, PDN or QCI, and manages the packet transport layer for uplink/downlink data. The S-GW also works with the MME, P-GW, and SGSN to support the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) and Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP).

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

PDN Gateway (P-GW)

The P-GW works with PCRF to carry out charging and bearer policies, and manage the charging and transmission rate based on the service level. It also provides packet filtering per subscriber, assigns IP addresses to UEs, and manages the packet transmission layer of the downlink data.

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description

CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract

2.1 Smart MBS System Introduction

Smart MBS is the Samsung Multi-Modal system. It is managed by packet core (BSC, EPC), and makes call to terminal to create CDMA/LTE links. It is controlled by the BSC(CDMA), DPC(LTE)for connecting CDMA/LTE calls to the mobile terminal.

To this end, the Smart MBS provides the following functions: modulation/demodulation of packet traffic signal, scheduling and radio bandwidth allocation to manage air resources efficiently and ensure Quality of Service (QoS),

Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) processing, ranging function, connection control function to transmit the information on the Smart MBS and set/hold/disconnect the packet call connection, handover control, control station such as BSC/EPC interface function, power control function and system operation management function.

The Smart MBS securely and rapidly transmits various control signals and traffic signals by interfacing with the BSC/EPC via the Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet backhaul.

Physically, the Smart MBS consists of an Universal platform type A Digital Unit (UADU), which is a DU, and Local Radio Unit (LRU), which is a combined RF unit. UADU and LRU are mounted on the outdoor cabinet with rectifier.

UADU is a digital part, which is a type of 19 in. shelf. It can be mounted onto outdoor 19 inch commercial rack, and one UADU can provide the following maximum capacity. Based on operator’s setup, it can be operated as omni type or sector type.

CDMA 1X/EV-DO

1X : 2 Carrier/3 Sector(2br)

1xEV-DO : 2 Carrier/3 Sector(2br)

LTE: 5 MHz 1 Carrier/6 Sector

LRU cab be operated as follows as RF part.

Advanced Wireless Services (AWS) band, 2Tx/2Rx RF path

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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract

Smart MBS also provided the following features:

Common Platform

Digital boards of each wireless technology, to be mounted in Smart MBS, share the common DU platform. Therefore, different boards (for multiple technologies) may be mounted in a single DU, and operator can mount up to 2 UADUs in outdoor cabinet to implement various configurations.

LRU of Smart MBS can simultaneously support multiple technologies in the same duplexing type with the same bandwidth.

Loopback Test

Smart MBS provides the loopback test function to check whether communication is normal on the baseband I/Q interface line between the UADU and LRU.

Remote Firmware Downloading

The operator can upgrade the LRU and its service by replacing its firmware. Without visiting the field station, the operator can download firmware to the LRU remotely using a simple command from the BSM/LSM-R. In this way, operators can minimize the number of visits to the field station, reducing maintenance costs and allowing the system to be operated with greater ease.

Monitoring Port

Operators can monitor the information for an LRU using its debug port.

Smooth Migration

The UADU of the Smart MBS supports migration from CDMA to 4G mobile communication such as LTE by adding traffic processor card/channel cards and upgrading the software.

The LRU of the Smart MBS, on the other hand, only requires software upgrade for evolving into 4G mobile communication in the same frequency range or even simultaneous operation of 3G and 4G mobile communications.

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

2.1.1 CDMA System Feature

Support for 1X Advanced

Smart MBS supports 1X Advanced to improve voice call capacity and data rate. For this, 1X Advanced applies EVRC-B, RLIC, QOF, New RC, QLIC, MRD, etc.

Tx/RX Diversity Support

LRU of Smart MBS supports Time Division Transmit Diversity (TDTD) that transmit the output of CDMA modem(1Tx) to RF path of 2Tx to improve Tx performance on option. Also, the LRU support 2brach Rx diversity to improve Rx performance that provides 2 Rx path for each sector.

2.1.2 LTE System Feature

OFDMA/SC-FDMA Technology

Smart MBS can handle downlink OFDMA/uplink SC-FDMA channel processing that supports the Physical Layer of LTE standard.

Downlink OFDMA can use sub-carrier, which are assigned to each subscriber, to simultaneously send data to multiple users. Also, in accordance with the requested data transfer rate, it can assign single (or multiple) sub-carrier to particular subscriber for data transmission. Also, when entire sub-carriers are shared by multiple subscribers, OFDMA can dynamically determine well-matched sub-carrier for each subscriber, so that resource can be assigned efficiently to enhance data throughput.

Uplink SC-FDMA is basically similar to Mod/Demodulation algorithm of OFDMA. However, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) process is handled per each subscriber during Tx Modulation, then on contrary, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) process is handled during Demodulation to minimize potential Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) that can occur during the transmission. Also it is responsible for assigning the particular frequency resource to particular subscriber continuously. As a result, it will reduce the power that is dissipated by terminal.

Support for Broadband Channel Bandwidth

Smart MBS provides multiple bandwidth of 5 MHz, 10 MHz and high speed/high capacity packet service.

Support for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

Smart MBS uses multi antenna to support 2Tx/2Rx MIMO. MIMO has following algorithms.

Space Frequency Block Coding (SFBC)-Downlink

Increases Link Reliability

This technology implements Space Time Block Coding (STBC) on frequency domain rather than time domain.

2 Tx Case: STBC (Alamouti codes) algorithm is used.

4 Tx Case: SFBC and Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity (FSTD) are used

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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract

together.

Spatial Multiplexing (SM)-Downlink

This algorithm sends different data to different antenna path to increase peak data rate. (each path uses same time/frequency resource)

Single User (SU)-MIMO: This is the SM between base station and single mobile terminal. It increases the peak data rate of a single mobile terminal.

Open-loop SM: If channel changes often, or channel information is not available because mobile terminal travels in high speed, this is the SM algorithm that works without Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI) feedback.

Closed-loop SM: If channel information is available because UE travels in low speed, this is the SM algorithm (codebook-based precoding) that works after receiving UE’s PMI feedback from base station.

UL Transmit Antenna Selection-Uplink

This is the algorithm that indicates terminal to use 1 RF chain, 2 Tx antenna, and which antenna to use. (Closed-loop selection of Tx antenna)

Multi-User (MU) MIMO or Collaborative MIMO-Uplink

There is no increase in peak data rate of each mobile terminal, but this algorithm increases the total cell throughput.

2 mobile terminals transfers different data simultaneously using the same time/frequency resource for UL

Smart MBS uses single Tx antenna, and selects two orthogonal terminals.

QoS Support

Smart MBS provides QoS for the EPS bearer/E-RAB based on the standard QCI and operator-specific QCI of the 3GPP TS. 23.203 specifications. Detailed techniques to provide QoS are:

QoS-based radio scheduling

The scheduler allocates resources to provide the GBR based on QoS characteristics (resource type, priority, PDB and PLER).

The scheduler supports the Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (AMBR) for non-GBR bearers.

Backhaul QoS

QoS mapping between the QoS class and DSCP

IP DSCP and Ethernet COS markings are used to satisfy the carrier’s backhaul requirements.

Transmission is controlled according to the priority by QoS classes, such as signaling, user traffic and O & M traffic.

QoS-based CAC

The CAC algorithm accepts calls only when the requested bit rate and QoS can be satisfied.

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

SON

SON provides functions such as self-configuration, self-establishment and self-optimization.

Self-Configuration & Self-establishment

Self-configuration and the self-establishment allow system to configure radio parameters automatically, and to be powered up and have backbone connectivity without human interventions. This will reduce the cost of eNB installation and management. The detailed functions are as follows:

Self-configuration

Initial Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) self-configuration

Initial neighbor information self-configuration

Initial Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) information self-configuration

Self-establishment

Auto OAM connectivity

Software and configuration data loading

Automatic S1/X2 setup

Self-Test

Self-Optimization

PCI auto-configuration

The local SON server of the LSM provides the function for allocating the initial PCI in the self-establishment procedure of a new system, and the function for detecting a problem automatically and setting a proper PCI when a PCI collision/confusion occurs during operation with the adjacent cells.

Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR) optimization

The ANR function dynamically manages the Neighbor Relation Table (NRT) according to neighbor cells growing/degrowing reduced so as to minimize the network operator’s efforts to maintain the optimal NRT. To maintain the optimal NRT, SON server is required to self-configure initial NRT of each system and to detect environmental changes during operation, such as cell growing/degrowing or new system installation.

In other words, the ANR function updates the NRT for each eNB by automatically recognizing the topology change such as installing or removing a new adjacent cell or adjacent system and by adding or removing the Neighbor Relation (NR) to or from a new adjacent cell.

Mobility robustness optimization

Based on the moment before, after, or during handover caused by mobile terminal mobility within the system, the mobility robustness optimization function is to improve handover performance by recognizing problems that trigger handover at the incorrect time (e.g., too early or too late) or to the incorrect target cell and by optimizing the handover parameters according to the causes of the problems.

RACH optimization

The RACH Optimization (RO) function can minimize the network operator’s efforts to minimize access delay and interference by managing dynamically the parameters related to random access. The RO function is divided into the initial RACH setting

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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract

operation and the operation for optimizing parameters related to the RACH.

The initial RACH setting is to set the preamble signatures and the initial time resource considering the neighbor cells.

The parameter optimization related to the RACH is to optimize the related parameters by estimating the RACH resources, such as time resource and subscriber transmission power required for random access that changes by time during operation.

Load balancing

The Load balancing feature in a multi-carrier environment selects and hands over mobile terminal from a high-loaded carrier and to a low-loaded carrier. If all carriers in the same sector are highly loaded, it selects a low-loaded neighbor cell and the mobile terminal in the cell edge to perform handover. The mobile terminal selection algorithm tries to minimize the QoS degradation.

Idle UE distribution function among carriers ensures that mobile terminals are camped in a way that they are distributed to low-loaded carriers, considering the active UE load distribution among the carriers in the same sector.

Availability of System Features and Functions

For availability and provision schedule of the features and functions described in this system description, please refer to separate documentations.

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LTE/CDMA Smart MBS System Description/Ver.1.0

2.2 Smart MBS Main Feature

Smart MBS is a base station that supports CDMA/LTE technology which provides physical layer, and call processing feature. Regardless of the operated technology, IP processing feature and operation/maintenance feature are integrated.

2.2.1 Physical Layer Processing Function

2.2.1.1 CDMA Physical Layer Processing Function

1X & 1xEV-DO

Smart MBS can be operated in 1X (voice service) mode or 1xEV-DO(data service) mode by carrier for CDMA service.

Specification	1X	1xEV-DO
Peak data rate	153.6 kbps	3.1 Mbps

Frame Duration	20 ms	26.67 ms(DO.0)/6.67 ms(DO.A)

Traffic Channel	Fundamental/Supplemental	Forward and Reverse Traffic
		Channels

BS Tx power	Forward and Reverse Power Control	Forward Full Power/Reverse
		Power Control

Pilot channel	Continuous pilot	Burst pilot

Channel encoding	Convolution & turbo code	Turbo code

Modulation	BPSK(Binary Phase Shift Keying),	BPSK~16 QAM(Quadrature
	QPSK(Quadrature Phase Shift	Amplitude Modulation)
	Keying)

Channel Encoding/Decoding

Smart MBS carries out the encoding for the downlink packet created in the upper layer by using convolutional code and Turbo code. On the contrary, it decodes the uplink packet received from the mobile terminal after demodulating.

Modulation/Demodulation

Smart MBS modulates for the downlink packet created in the upper layer after encoding. On the contrary, it decodes the uplink packet received from the mobile terminal after demodulating.

RF Scheduler

Smart MBS perform the RF scheduling function to distribute radio resource of system efficiently and ensure the quality of system.

Call Admission Control (CAC)/Burst Operation Control (BOC)/overload control function are performed for 1X, Proportional Fair/Round Robin/QoS schedulers are performed for 1xEV-DO.

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CHAPTER 2. Smart MBS Abstract

Power Control

For maximizing system capacity, Smart MBS controls the output power of Smart MBS and mobile terminal to make receiving power of the mobile terminal be the equal level and have the minimum signal-to-interference ratio.

2.2.1.2 LTE Physical Layer Processing Function

Downlink Reference Signal Generation and Transmission

Reference Signal is used for demodulation of downlink signal at mobile terminal, and also utilized for measuring the channel characteristic for scheduling, link adaptation, and handoff.

In case of sending Non-MBSFN (Multimedia Broadcast multicast service over a Single Frequency Network), there are two reference signals.

Cell-specific reference signal: Cell-specific reference signals are used to measure the quality of the channel, calculate the MIMO rank, perform MIMO precoding matrix selection, and measure the strength of the signals for handover.

UE-specific reference signal: UE-specific reference signals are used to measure the quality of the channel for data demodulation which is located in the PDSCH block of the specific mobile terminal in the beamforming transmission mode.

Downlink Synchronization Signal Generation and Transmission

Synchronization signal is used by mobile terminal when obtaining the initial synchronization before communicating with base station. It has two signals, namely Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). Cell identity information can be identified by synchronization signal. Mobile terminal can obtain additional information (other than cell information) via Broadcast Channel. Synchronization signal and Broadcast channel are transmitted through the exact center of channel bandwidth of the cell, which is 1.08 MHz band. This is to allow mobile terminal to identify cell’s basic information such as cell ID regardless of base station’s transmission bandwidth range.

Channel Encoding/Decoding

Smart MBS executes channel encoding/decoding function which is designed to correct the error generated on wireless channel environment. LTE uses turbo coding and 1/3 tail-biting convolutional coding. Turbo coding is generally used to send relatively large data of downlink/uplink, while convolutional coding is used for control data transmission (downlink and uplink) or used as broadcast channel.

Modulation/Demodulation

In case of downlink, Smart MBS receive data from upper layer, process it with baseband of physical layer, and sends it out onto wireless channel. At this time, baseband signal is modulated to higher bandwidth in order to transmit it to longer distance. Also, in case of uplink, base station receives the data via wireless channel, demodulate it into baseband signal, and decodes it.

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