Samsung SLS BD104Q User Manual

2600-00ESBTGA2

Ver.1.0

MobileWiMAX/TD-LTEBSTD-LTEFlexible

SystemDescription

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©2012SAMSUNGElectronicsCo,.LTD.Allrightsreserved.

Yeongtong-gu,Suwon-si,Gyeonggi-do,Korea442-600

INTRODUCTION

Purpose

Thisdescriptiondescribesthecharacteristics,functionsandstructuresoftheTD-L TE
Flexiblesystem(SLS-BD104),whichisthebasestationforMobileWiMAX/TD-LTE
multi-mode.

DocumentContentandOrganization

Thisdescriptioniscomposedofvechaptersandanabbreviationasfollows:

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-L TEFlexibleSystemDescription

CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode

•WiMAX/TD-L TEMulti-ModeIntroduction

•ComponentsofWiMAX/TD-L TEMulti-ModeNetwork

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

•SystemIntroduction

•Majorfunctions

•Resources

•InterfacebetweentheSystems

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

•HardwareStructure

•SoftwareStructure

CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

•CallProcessingMessageFlow

•NetworkSynchronizationMessageFlow

•AlarmMessageFlow

•LoadingMessageFlow

•OperationandMaintenanceMessageFlow

CHAPTER5.AdditionalFunctionsandTools

•Web-EMT

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

I

INTRODUCTION

Conventions

RevisionHistory

ABBREVIATION

Describestheacronymsusedinthisdescription.

Thefollowingtypesofparagraphscontainspecialinformationthatmustbecarefullyread
andthoroughlyunderstood.Suchinformationmayormaynotbeenclosedinarectangular
box,separatingitfromthemaintext,butisalwaysprecededbyaniconand/oraboldtitle.

NOTE

Indicatesadditionalinformationasareference.

EDITIONDATEOFISSUEREMARKS

1.004.2012.FirstEdition

II

ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-L TEFlexibleSystemDescription

TABLEOFCONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONI

Purpose.................................................................................................................I

DocumentContentandOrganization.........................................................................I

Conventions..........................................................................................................II

RevisionHistory....................................................................................................II

CHAPTER1OverviewofWiMAX/TD-L TEMulti-Mode1-1

1.1WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeIntroduction................................................................1-1

1.2WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeNetworkConguration..................................................1-7

CHAPTER2OverviewofSystem2-1

2.1SystemIntroduction............................................................................................2-1

2.2MainFunctions...................................................................................................2-5

2.2.1PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(WiMAX)................................................2-5

2.2.2PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(LTE).....................................................2-7

2.2.3CallProcessingFunction(WiMAX)..............................................................2-10

2.2.4CallProcessingFunction(LTE)..................................................................2-12

2.2.5IPProcessingFunctions...........................................................................2-13

2.2.6AuxiliaryDeviceInterfaceFunction.............................................................2-14

2.2.7MaintenanceFunction..............................................................................2-14

2.3Specications....................................................................................................2-18

2.4InterfacebetweenSystems.................................................................................2-21

CHAPTER3SystemStructure3-1

3.1HardwareStructure.............................................................................................3-1

3.1.1DMB......................................................................................................3-4

3.1.2RRH......................................................................................................3-8

3.1.3DPM-FI..................................................................................................3-9

3.1.4CoolingStructure....................................................................................3-1 1

3.1.5ExternalInterfaceStructure.......................................................................3-1 1

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TABLEOFCONTENTS

3.2SoftwareStructure.............................................................................................3-14

3.2.1CCBlock(MobileWiMAX).........................................................................3-15

3.2.2CPSBlock(TD-LTE).................................................................................3-17

3.2.3OAMBlock.............................................................................................3-19

CHAPTER4MessageFlow4-1

4.1CallProcessingMessageFlow(WiMAX).................................................................4-1

4.1.1InitialEntry..............................................................................................4-1

4.1.2Authentication..........................................................................................4-3

4.1.3StateTransition........................................................................................4-6

4.1.4LocationUpdate......................................................................................4-11

4.1.5Paging..................................................................................................4-15

4.1.6Handover...............................................................................................4-16

4.1.7Disconnection.........................................................................................4-23

4.2CallProcessingMessageFlow(LTE).....................................................................4-25

4.2.1Attach...................................................................................................4-25

4.2.2ServiceRequest......................................................................................4-27

4.2.3Detach..................................................................................................4-29

4.2.4Handover...............................................................................................4-30

4.3NetworkSynchronizationMessageFlow...............................................................4-38

4.4AlarmSignalFlow..............................................................................................4-39

4.5LoadingMessageFlow.......................................................................................4-41

4.6OperationandMaintenanceMessageFlow............................................................4-43

CHAPTER5AdditionalFunctionandTool5-1

5.1Web-EMT...........................................................................................................5-1

ABBREVIATIONI

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

LISTOFFIGURES

Figure1.1CongurationofMobileWiMAXSystemFunctions(BasedonProleC)...........1-3

Figure1.2CongurationofLTESystemFunctions....................................................1-4

Figure1.3NetworkConguration(MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE)......................................1-7

Figure2.1InterfacebetweenSystems(MobileWiMAX)............................................2-21

Figure2.2InterfacebetweenSystems(TD-LTE)......................................................2-21

Figure2.3ProtocolStackbetweenNEs(MobileWiMAX)...........................................2-22

Figure2.4ProtocolStackbetweenUEandeNB(TD-LTE)..........................................2-23

Figure2.5ProtocolStackbetweeneNBandEPC(TD-LTE)........................................2-23

Figure2.6ProtocolStackbetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSM.........................2-24

Figure3.1DUConguration(SMFS-F)...................................................................3-1

Figure3.2RRH-2WBConguration.......................................................................3-2

Figure3.3InternalCongurationoftheSystem(MIMO).............................................3-3

Figure3.4DMBConguration...............................................................................3-4

Figure3.5RRH-2WBCongurationforWiMAX+TD-LTEOperation............................3-8

Figure3.6MobileWiMAX+TD-LTESimultaneousOperationConguration

(2Carrier/3Sector).................................................................................................3-9

Figure3.7DPM-FIConguration...........................................................................3-9

Figure3.8PowerStructureofTD-FlexibleSystem...................................................3-10

Figure3.9FanConguration...............................................................................3-11

Figure3.10CoolingStructureoftheDU.................................................................3-1 1

Figure3.11ExternalInterfacesofTD-L TEFlexibleSystem........................................3-12

Figure3.12BasicSoftwareArchitectureoftheTD-LTEFlexibleSystem.......................3-14

Figure3.13SoftwareStructureofSystem..............................................................3-14

Figure3.14CCBlockStructure............................................................................3-15

Figure3.15TD-LTECPSBlockStructure...............................................................3-17

Figure3.16OAMSoftwareStructure.....................................................................3-19

Figure3.17InterfacebetweenOAMBlocks............................................................3-20

Figure4.1InitialEntryProcedure...........................................................................4-1

Figure4.2AuthenticationProcedure(DuringInitialEntry)...........................................4-3

Figure4.3AuthenticationProcedure(DuringAuthenticatorRelocation).........................4-5

Figure4.4AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure(MS-Initiated)..............4-7

Figure4.5AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure

(Network-Initiated)................................................................................................4-7

Figure4.6AwakeMode→SleepModeStateTransitionProcedure..............................4-8

Figure4.7IdleMode→AwakeModeStateTransitionProcedure(QCS).......................4-9

Figure4.8Inter-RASLocationUpdateProcedure.....................................................4-11

Figure4.9Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(PMIP)..........................................4-12

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TABLEOFCONTENTS

Figure4.10Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(SimpleIP)...................................4-14

Figure4.11PagingProcedure..............................................................................4-15

Figure4.12Inter-RASHandoverProcedure............................................................4-16

Figure4.13Inter-ASNHandover(ASN-AnchoredMobility).........................................4-19

Figure4.14Inter-ASNHandover(CSN-AnchoredMobility)........................................4-22

Figure4.15Disconnection(AwakeMode)..............................................................4-23

Figure4.16Disconnection(IdleMode)...................................................................4-23

Figure4.17AttachProcedure..............................................................................4-25

Figure4.18ServiceRequestProcedurebyUE........................................................4-27

Figure4.19ServiceRequestProcedurebyNetwork.................................................4-28

Figure4.20DetachProcedurebyUE....................................................................4-29

Figure4.21DetachProcedurebyMME.................................................................4-29

Figure4.22X2BasedHandoverProcedure............................................................4-30

Figure4.23S1-basedHandoverProcedure............................................................4-32

Figure4.24PSHandoverProcedurefromE-UTRANtoHRPD...................................4-35

Figure4.25NetworkSynchronizationFlowofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.........................4-38

Figure4.26AlarmSignalFlowofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.........................................4-39

Figure4.27AlarmandControlStructureofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem............................4-39

Figure4.28LoadingMessageFlow.......................................................................4-42

Figure4.29OperationandMaintenanceSignalFlow................................................4-43

Figure5.1Web-EMTInterface..............................................................................5-1

VI

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-L TEFlexibleSystemDescription

CHAPTER1.Overviewof

WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-Mode

1.1WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeIntroduction

Mobilecommunicationshavebeenexpandingfromvoiceservicestodataservices
asitevolvesfromtherst-generationanalogmobilecommunicationthroughthe
second-generationdigitalmobilecommunication,thethird-generationCDMA2000andto
thefourth-generationMobileWiMAX/L TE.Astheconvergenceofwiredandwireless
servicesiswidelyavailableandnewhandsetdevicessuchassmartphonesaregaining
popularity,thereisaneverincreasingdemandforcommunicationtechnologiesthatcan
facilitatehigh-speedwirelesstransmissionofdata.Mobilecommunicationnetworks
continuetoevolvewithnewcommunicationtechnologies,andnewhandsetsaremade
available,whichsupportvarioustechnologies.
TheMobileWiMAX/TD-L TEmulti-modesystemmeetsthechangingrequirementsofthe
mobilecommunicationindustryasitsupportsawidevarietyofcommunicationtechnologies.
ItenablesprovisionofMobileWiMAXandTD-LTEserviceswithasinglesystem.
ThecommunicationtechnologiessupportedbytheWiMAX/TD-L TEmulti-modesystem
areasfollows.

•WiMAXIEEE802.16e
SamsungWiMAXsystemisthewirelessnetworksystemthatsupportsIEEE802.16base
service.TheIEEE802.16standardisthebasisofMobileWiMAX,andincludesIEEE
Std802.16-2004deningxedwirelessinternetaccessserviceandIEEEStd802.16,
P802.16-2004/Cor2/D3deningthetechnologiessupportingmobility,whichinclude
handover,paging.TheMobileWiMAXsystemusestheOrthogonalFrequencyDivision
MultipleAccess(OFDMA)transmissiontechnologybasedontheTimeDivisionDuplex
(TDD)method,sothesystemprovideshigh-speeddataservicesandwidercoveragethan
existingwirelessLANs.
Inaddition,systemperformanceandcapacityhaveincreasedasaresultof
high-performancehardware;itiscapableofprovidingvarioushigh-speeddatafunctions
andservices.

•LongTermEvolution(L TE)
TheSamsungL TEsystemisawirelessnetworksystemsupporting3GPPL TEbased
services.Havingimprovedthedisadvantagesoflowtransmissionspeedandthehighcost
ofthedataservicesprovidedbytheexisting3GPPmobilecommunicationsystem,itisa
nextgenerationwirelessnetworksystemthatcanprovidehigh-speeddataservicesata
lowcostregardlessoftimeandlocation.

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CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-L TEMulti-Mode

TheSamsungL TEsystemsupportsthedownlinkOrthogonalFrequencyDivision
MultipleAccess(OFDMA)transmissiontechnologyandtheuplinkSingleCarrier(SC)
FDMAtransmissiontechnologyinTDDmode,andsupportsscalablebandwidthsfor
supportingvariousspectrumallocationstoprovidehigh-speeddataservices.
Inaddition,systemperformanceandcapacityhaveincreasedasaresultof
high-performancehardware;itiscapableofprovidingvarioushigh-speeddatafunctions
andservices.

ThemainfeaturesoftheWiMAX/TD-L TEmulti-modesystemareasfollows.

•Expansionto4GService
TheWiMAX/TD-L TEmulti-modesystemiscapableofprovidingexistingMobile
WiMAXservicesusingthecommonplatformwithouttheneedofinstallingany
additionalequipment.WithadditionofTD-LTEchannelcardandsoftwareupgrades,it
canalsoprovideTD-L TEservices.
Therefore,theWiMAX/TD-L TEmulti-modesystemprovidesanefcientwayof
installingaTD-LTEnetworkbyusingtheexistingcables,rectiers,batteriesandother
devices.

•GreenSolution
TheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemaccommodatestheMobileWiMAXsystem
andtheTD-L TEsysteminonestructure,reducingthenumberofdevicesrequired.
Inparticular,theSamsungTD-LTEFlexiblesystemseparatesthetransmission/reception
processingunitandtheRFunitusingRemoteRFHead(RRH)mechanismfornatural
cooling,resultinginreductionofequipmentfootprint,powerconsumptionandcarbon
dioxideemission.

•EfcientBackhaulOperation
TheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemhelpsreducebackhauloperationcostssince
itphysicallyintegratesmultiplecommunicationtechnologiesinitsbackhaulnetwork
operation.TheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemiscapableoflogicallyseparating
networksbasedonthecommunicationtechnologies.Italsohelpsmaintainahighlevel
ofefciencyinbackhauloperationbyminimizingtrafcinterferencebetweenthe
technologies.

TD-LTEFlexibleSystem

TD-LTEFlexiblesystemisthebasestationofSamsung’smulti-modesystem.It

functionsasRASinMobileWiMAXandaseNBinTD-LTE.Itiscontrolledbyahigher

NE(ACRinMobileWiMAXandEPCinTD-L TE)andconnectsWiMAX/TD-LTEcalls

toMobileStation(MS).

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

ThefunctionsoftheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystemforeachcommunication
technologyareasfollows.

MobileWiMAXSystemFunctions

ThegurebelowshowsthefunctionsoftheAccessServiceNetwork(ASN)systems(ACR
andRAS)basedonProleC.
EachblocknamecomplieswiththestandardofMobileWiMAXNWG.

Figure1.1CongurationofMobileWiMAXSystemFunctions(BasedonProleC)

TheASN-GW(ACR)supportstheConvergenceSublayer(CS)andperformsthepacket
classicationandPacketHeaderSuppression(PHS)functions.WhentheACRcarriesout
theheadercompressionfunction,itsupportsRobustHeaderCompression(ROHC)dened
intheNWGstandard.Inaddition,theACRperformsthepagingcontrollerandlocation
registerfunctionsforaMobileStation(MS)inIdleMode.
Inauthentication,theACRperformstheauthenticatorfunctionandcarriesoutthekey
distributorfunctiontomanagethehighersecuritykeybyinterworkingwiththeAAAserver
asanAAAclient.Atthistime,RASperformsthekeyreceiverfunctiontoreceivethe
securitykeyfromthekeydistributorandmanageit.
TheACRinterworkswiththeAAAserverofConnectivityServiceNetwork(CSN)for
authenticationandchargingservicesandwiththeHAofCSNforMobileIP(MIP)service.
TheACRasFAofMIPsupportsProxyMIP(PMIP).
TheBS(RAS)performstheServiceFlowManagement(SFM)functionto
create/change/releaseconnectionsforeachServiceFlow(SF)andtheadmissioncontrol

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CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-L TEMulti-Mode

functionwhilecreating/changingconnections.InregardtotheSFMfunctionoftheRAS,
theACRcarriesouttheSFAuthentication(SFA)andSFIDmanagementfunctions.The
ACRcarriesouttheSFAfunctiontoobtaintheQoSinformationfromPolicyFunction
(PF)andapplyitintheSFcreationandperformstheSFIDmanagementfunctionto
create/change/releaseSFIDandmapSFaccordingtothepacketclassication.
Inhandover,theRASperformsthehandovercontrolfunctiontodeterminetheexecution
ofthehandoveranddealwithcorrespondinghandoversignaling.TheACRconrmsthe
neighborRASlistandrelaysthehandoversignalingmessagetothetargetsystem.At
thistime,theACRandtheRAScarriesoutthecontextfunctiontoexchangethecontext
informationbetweenthetargetsystemandtheservingsystem.
TheRASperformstheRadioResourceControl(RRC)andRRAgent(RRA)functionsto
collect/managetheradioresourceinformation(e.g.,BSID)fromMSsandtheRASitself.

LTESystemFunctions

ThediagrambelowillustratesthefunctionsoftheeNBinE-UTRANaswellastheMME,
ServingGateway(S-GW),andPDN-Gateway(P-GW)accordingtothe3GPPstandard.
TheeNBmainlymanagesaConnectedModeUserEquipment(UE)attheAccessStratum
(AS)level;theMMEmainlymanagestheIdleModeUEattheNon-AccessStratum
(NAS)level;theS-GWandtheP-GWperformmanagementofuserdataandworkwith
othernetworksattheNASlevel.
ThefunctionsoftheeNB,MME,S-GW,andP-GWareasfollows.

Figure1.2CongurationofL TESystemFunctions

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

TheMobilityManagementEntity(MME)interworkswiththeE-UTRAN(eNB)for
handlingthefollowingmessages.

•S1-APsignalingmessageofSCTPbase:ControlsconnectionsbetweentheMMEand
theeNB

•NASsignalingmessageofSCTPbase:Controlsmobilityandconnectionsbetween
theUEandtheEPC

InterworkingwiththeHSS,theMMEcanobtain,change,andauthenticatesubscriber
information.InterworkingwiththeS-GW ,theMMEcanalsorequestallocation,release,
andchangeofbearerpathsfordataroutingandforwardingusingtheGTP-Cprotocol.
TheMMEcanprovidemobility ,handover,CSfallback,andSMSservicesininteroperation
witha2Gor3GsystemsuchasSGSNandMSC.
TheMMEcarriesoutthefunctionsofinter-eNBmobility,idlemodeUEreachability,
TrackingArea(TA)listmanagement,P-GW/S-GWselection,authentication,andbearer
management.TheMMEsupportsmobilityuponinter-eNBhandover,andsupportsthe
inter-MMEhandover.ItalsosupportstheSGSNselectionfunctionuponhandovertoa
2Gor3G3GPPnetwork.
TheS-GWcarriesoutthemobilityanchorfunctionuponinter-eNBhandoverand
inter-3GPPhandover,andprocessesroutingandforwardingofpacketdata.TheS-GW
allowstheoperatortosetdifferentchargingpoliciesbyUE,PDNorQCI,andprovidesthe
functionsformanagingandchangingthepackettransportlayersforuplink/downlinkdata.
TheS-GWalsosupportsGTPandPMIPbyinteroperatingwiththeMME,P-GW,and
SGSN.
TheP-GWestablisheschargingandbearerrulesaccordingtothepoliciesasitinteroperates
withthePCRF .Itcanmanageandchangechargingandtransferratedependingonthe
servicelevel.
TheP-GWprovidesthepacketlteringfunctionforeachsubscriber,andallocatesanIP
addresstoeachUE.TheP-GWcanmanageandchangethepackettransportlayersfor
downlinkdata.
TheeNBisresponsibleforEvolved-UTRAN(E-UTRAN)whichisthewirelessaccess
networkintheL TEsystem.TheeNBsareinterconnectedovertheX2interfaceandtheir
connectionstoEvolvedPacketCore(EPC)areprovidedovertheS1interface.
IneNB,thewirelessprotocollayersmainlyconsistofLayer1,Layer2,andLayer3.Layer
3accommodatestheRRClayer,andLayer2accommodatesthreesublayers:theMAC
sublayer,RLCsublayer,andthePDCPsublayer,withthefollowingindependentfunctions.

•TheRRClayercorrespondstoLayer3ofthewirelessprotocol.TheRRClayermainly
performsmobilitymanagementwithinthewirelessaccessnetwork,maintenanceand
controloftheRadioBearer(RB),RRCconnectionmanagement,andsysteminformation
transmission,etc.

•ThePDCPsublayermainlycarriesouttheIPpacketheadercompressionfunction,
securityfunctionssuchascipheringandintegritycheck,andtheselectivetransmission
functionforenhancingefciencyofwirelessandwiredresourcesathandover.

•TheRLCsublayerperformssegmentationandreassemblyonthedatareceivedfrom
thePDCPsublayerintothesizespeciedbytheMACsublayer,restorationofthe
transmissionbyresendingincaseoftransmissionfailureatlower-levellayers(ARQ),
andre-orderingoftheHARQoperationoftheMACsublayer.

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CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-L TEMulti-Mode

•TheMACsublayerdistributeswirelessresourcestoeachbeareraccordingtoitspriority,
andcarriesoutthemultiplexingfunctionandtheHybridARQ(ARQ)functionforthe
datareceivedfromthemultipleupperlogicalchannels.

NetworkSystemFunction

Forthedetaileddescriptionaboutthesystemfunctions,refertothesystem

descriptionforeachsystemprovidedbySamsung.

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

1.2WiMAX/TD-LTEMulti-ModeNetwork
Conguration

TheWiMAX/TD-L TEmulti-modesystemprovidessimultaneoussupportforMobile
WiMAXaccessservicebasedonIEEE802.16/16eandTD-L TEaccessbasedon3GPP
LTEair.
ThenetworkstructuresupportedbytheWiMAX/TD-L TEmulti-modesystemisasfollows.

TheMobileWiMAXsystemdenedbytheWiMAXforumstandardreferstotheASN
basedonIEEE802.16/16e.TheinternalelementsoftheASNincludetheRASwhichplays
the802.16MediumAccessControl(MAC)/PhysicalLayer(PHY)functionswithMSand
theACR(ASN-GW)whichisresponsibleforvariouscontrolfunctionsandinteroperation
withtheCSN,whichisthecorenetworkofwirelessserviceprovider.
TheTD-L TEsystemconsistsofbasestation(eNB)andpacketcore(EPC).Thenetwork
consistingmultipleeNBsandEPCs(MME,S-GW/P-GW)isasubnetofthePacketData
Network(PDN).ItprovidesinterfacebetweentheUEandtheexternalnetwork.

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

Figure1.3NetworkConguration(MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE)

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CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-L TEMulti-Mode

TheWSMsupportsoperationandmaintenanceoftheWiMAX/TD-LTEmulti-modesystem
andtheACR.EPC,thepacketcoreequipmentoftheTD-LTE,isoperatedandmaintained
byaseparateLSM-C.

BaseStation:MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE

ThissystemprovidestheRASfunctionofMobileWiMAXandtheeNBfunctionof
TD-LTE.

•RASfunctionofMobileWiMAX
RASasthesystembetweenACRandMShastheinterfacewithACRandprovides
thewirelessconnectiontoMSunderIEEE802.16standardstosupportwireless
communicationserviceforsubscribers.
RAScarriesoutwirelesssignalexchangewithMS,modulation/demodulationsignal
processingforpackettrafcsignal,efcientuseofwirelessresources,packetscheduling
forQualityofService(QoS)assurance,assignmentofwirelessbandwidth,Automatic
Repeatrequest(ARQ)processingandrangingfunction.Inaddition,RAScontrolsthe
connectionforpacketcallsandhandover.

•eNBfunctionofTD-L TE
TheeNBsystemispositionedbetweentheEPCandtheUE.Itestablisheswireless
connectionswiththeUEandprocessespacketcallsaccordingtotheLTEairspecication.
TheeNBisresponsiblefortransmissionofwirelesssignals,modulationanddemodulation
ofpackettrafc,packetschedulingforefcientuseofwirelessresources,HARQ/ARQ
processing,thePacketDataConvergenceProtocol(PDCP)functionofpacketheader
compression,andwirelessresourcecontrolfunctions.Moreover,theeNBperforms
handoverinterworkingwiththeEPC.

AccessControlRouter(ACR):MobileWiMAX

ACR,whichisthesystembetweenCSNandbasestation,enablesseveralBSstointerwork
withIPnetwork,sends/receivestrafcbetweenexternalnetworkandMS,andcontrolsQoS.
Also,theACRprovidesinterfacefortheNE(AAAserver,etc.)oftheCSN.

EvolvedPacketCore(EPC):TD-L TE

TheEPCisasystempositionedbetweenthebasestationandPDN,andconsistsofthe
MMEandS-GW/P-GW.TheMMEprocessescontrolmessageswiththebasestationusing
theNASsignalingprotocol,andprocessesthecontrolplane,suchasmobilitymanagement
oftheUE,TrackingArea(TA)listmanagement,andbearerandsessionmanagement.
TheS-GWcarriesouttheanchorfunctionintheuserplanebetweenthe2G/3Gaccess
systemandtheL TEsystem,andmanagesandchangesthepackettransportlayerfor
downlink/uplinkdata.
TheP-GWallocatesanIPaddresstotheUE.FormobilitybetweentheTD-LTEsystemand
thenon-3GPPaccesssystem,theP-GWcarriesouttheanchorfunctionandmanagesand
changesthechargingandthetransmissionrateaccordingtotheservicelevel.

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

MobileWiMAXSystemManager(WSM):MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE

TheWSMprovidesanintegratedOAMinterfaceforsystemmanagementwhichthe
operatorcanuseforoperationandmaintenanceofthebasestation(WiMAX+TD-L TE)and
theACR.Italsoprovidesfunctionsforsoftwaremanagement,congurationmanagement,
performancemanagementandfaultmanagement.

HomeAgent(HA):MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE

HAaccessesothernetworksorprivatenetworksandenablesMobileIP(MIP)usersto
accessinternet.HAinterworkswithACRthatperformsForeignAgent(F A)functionfor
MobileIPv4andinterworkswithMStoexchangedataforMobileIPv6.
InTD-L TE,theP-GWperformstheHAfunctionandinterworkswiththeS-GW .

Authentication,AuthorizationandAccounting(AAA)Server:MobileWiMAX+
TD-LTE

AAAserverinterfaceswithACRandcarriesoutsubscriberauthenticationandaccounting
functions.
TheAAAserverinterfaceswithACR(MobileWiMAX)/P-GW(TD-L TE)viaDiameter
protocolandprovidesExtensibleAuthenticationProtocol(EAP)certication.

HomeSubscriberServer(HSS):MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE

TheHSSisadatabasemanagementsystemthatstoresandmanagestheparametersand
locationinformationforallregisteredmobilesubscribers.TheHSSmanageskeydata,such
asthemobilesubscriber’saccesscapability ,basicandsupplementaryservices,andprovides
aroutingfunctiontothecalledsubscriber.

PolicyCharging&RuleFunction(PCRF)Server:MobileWiMAX+TD-LTE

ThePCRFservercreatespolicyrulestodynamicallyapplytheQoSandaccountingpolicies
differentiatedbyserviceow,orcreatesthepolicyrulesthatcanbeappliedcommonly
tomultipleserviceows.TheIPedgeincludesthePolicyandChargingEnforcement
Function(PCEF),whichallowsapplicationofpolicyrulesreceivedfromthePCRFserver
toeachserviceow.
ThePCRFserverinterfaceswiththeACRandtheEPCovertheDiameterprotocoland
theGxmethodrespectively.ItrelaysQoScongurationandchargingrulesforeachuser
sessiontotheACRandtheEPC.

LTESystemManager-Core(LSM-C):TD-LTE

TheLSM-Cprovidesanoperatorinterfacewhichtheoperatorcanuseforoperationand
maintenanceoftheEPC.Italsoprovidesfunctionsforsoftwaremanagement,conguration
management,performancemanagementandfaultmanagement.

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CHAPTER1.OverviewofWiMAX/TD-L TEMulti-Mode

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-L TEFlexibleSystemDescription

CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

2.1SystemIntroduction

TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisaWiMAX/TD-L TEmulti-modebasestation.Itiscontrolled
bytheACR/EPCforconnectingWiMAX/TD-LTEcallstotheMS.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithMSsusingWiMAXairchannelsbasedon
theWiMAXspecication(IEEE802.16)orLTEairchannelsbasedonthe3GPPL TE
Rel.8/9specication.Itprovideshigh-speeddataserviceandmultimediaserviceinwireless
broadband.
Tothisend,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidesthefollowingfunctions:
modulation/demodulationofpackettrafcsignal,schedulingandradiobandwidthallocation
tomanageairresourcesefcientlyandensureQualityofService(QoS),AutomaticRepeat
request(ARQ)processing,rangingfunction,connectioncontrolfunctiontotransmit
theinformationontheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemandset/hold/disconnectthepacketcall
connection,handovercontrol,controlstationsuchasACR/EPCinterfacefunction,power
controlfunctionandsystemoperationmanagementfunction.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsecurelyandrapidlytransmitsandreceivesvariouscontrol
signalsandtrafcsignalsbyinterfacingwiththecontrolstationbythemethodselectedby
theoperatoramongFastEthernetorGigabitEthernet.
Physically,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemconsistsofaDigitalUnit(DU)andaRemoteRadio
Head(RRH).TheRRHislocatedremotelyfromtheDU.OneDUcanbeconnectedto
upto3RRHs.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsupto2Carrier/3Sectorservice.TheRRHisoperated
asfollows.

•RRH-2WB(4Tx/4RxRFpath):DualMode

–WiMAX2Tx/2Rx(2x2MIMO)+TD-L TE2Tx/2Rx(2x2MIMO)
–5W+5W@WiMAX10MHzchannelBW
–10W+10W@TD-L TE20MHzchannelBW

AnRRHisastandaloneRFunit.Itisinstalledonanoutdoorwall,poleorstand.
ThemainfeaturesoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemareasfollows.

CommonPlatform

ThedigitalboardsmountedintheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemshareacommonDUplatform
andeachDUcanaccommodatechannelcardsforoperatingvariouscommunication
technologies.
TheRRHoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcansimultaneouslyprovideWiMAXandTD-LTE
communicationtechnologiesoperatinginthesamefrequencyrange.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

SeparateDUandRRHStructure

AstheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemconsistsofaDUandanRRH,itiseasytosetupanetwork
anditiseasytochangethenetworkconguration.ForconnectionsbetweentheDUand
RRH,datatrafcsignalsandOAMinformationaresent/receivedthroughthe‘DigitalI/Q
andC&M’interfacebasedontheCommonPublicRadioInterface(CPRI).Physically ,
opticcablesareused.
EachoftheDUandRRHreceives-48VDCofpowerforitsoperationfromdifferent
rectier.

•EasyInstallation
TheopticinterfacecomponentthatinterfaceswiththeDUandtheRFsignalprocessing
componentisintegratedintotheRRH,whichbecomesaverysmallandverylightsingle
unit.Therefore,theRRHcanbeinstalledonawall,poleorstand.
Moreover,asthedistancebetweentheRRHandantennaisminimized,thelossofRF
signalsduetotheantennafeedercablecanbereducedsothatmoreenhancedRF
receivingperformancethantheexistingrack-typebasestationcanbeprovided.

•NaturalCooling
BecausetheRRHisinstalledoutdoorsandhasanefcientdesign,itcanradiateheat
efcientlywithoutanyadditionalcoolingsystem.Therefore,noadditionalmaintenance
costisneededforcoolingtheRRH.

•LoopbackTest
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheloopbacktestfunctiontocheckwhether
communicationisnormalonthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interfacelinebetweenthe
DUandRRH.

•RemoteFirmwareDownloading
TheoperatorcanupgradetheRRHanditsservicebyreplacingitsrmware.Without
visitingtheeldstation,theoperatorcandownloadrmwaretotheRRHremotelyusing
asimplecommandfromthebasestationoperationserver(WSM).Inthisway,operators
canminimizethenumberofvisitstotheeldstation,reducingmaintenancecostsand
allowingthesystemtobeoperatedwithgreaterease.

•MonitoringPort
OperatorscanmonitortheinformationforanRRHusingitsdebugport.

•SmoothMigration
TheDUoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupportsmigrationfromMobileWiMAXto
TD-LTEbyaddingchannelcardsandupgradingthesoftware.
TheRRH,ontheotherhand,onlyrequiressoftwareupgradeforevolvinginto4Gmobile
communicationinthesamefrequencyrangeorevensimultaneousoperationof3Gand
4Gmobilecommunications.

FeaturesofMobileWiMAXSystem

•FeaturesofMobileWiMAXSystem
OFDMAisusedtotransmitdatatoseveraluserssimultaneouslybyusingthesub-carrier
allocatedtoeachuserandtransmitdatabyallocatingoneormoresub-carrierstoa
specicsubscriberaccordingtothechannelstatusandthetransmissionraterequestedby
auser.Inaddition,sinceitcanselectthesub-carrierswithexcellentfeaturesforeach

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subscriberandallocatethemtothesubscriberswhensomesubscribersdivideandusethe
wholesub-carrier,itcanraisethedatathroughputbydistributingtheresourcesefciently.

•SupportingBroadbandChannelBandwidth
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsbroadbandbandwidthof5MHz/10MHzper
MobileWiMAXcarrierandhigh-speedlarge-scalepacketservice.

•SupportofMIMO
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupports2x2MIMOthroughthe4Tx/4RxRFpathofthe
RRH-2WB.ThefollowingmethodsareavailableinMIMO:

DirectionMIMODescription

SpaceTimeCoding(STC)Methodforraisingreliabilityoflink Downlink

SpatialMultiplexing(SM)Methodforraisingdatatransmissionrate

UplinkCollaborativeSM(CSM)Methodfordoublingthefrequencyefciency

•SupportofFrequencyReusePattern(FRP)
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupportsFRPN=1thatprovidestheserviceto3-sectorby
usingacarrierandFRPN=3thatprovidestheserviceto3-sectorbyusingdifferent
carriers.Aserviceprovidercanefcientlyoperateitsownfrequencyresourcesbyusing
theFRPfunction.

FeaturesofL TESystem

•ApplicationoftheOFDMA/SC-FDMAMethod
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemperformsdownlinkOFDMA/uplinkSC-FDMAchannel
processing,whichsupportsLTEstandardphysicallayers.
DownlinkOFDMAisusedtotransmitdatatoseveraluserssimultaneouslybyusingthe
sub-carrierallocatedtoeachuserandtransmitdatabyallocatingoneormoresub-carriers
toaspecicsubscriberaccordingtothechannelstatusandthetransmissionraterequested
byauser.Inaddition,sinceitcanselectthesub-carrierswithexcellentfeaturesforeach
subscriberandallocatethemtothesubscriberswhensomesubscribersdivideandusethe
wholesub-carrier,itcanraisethedatathroughputbydistributingtheresourcesefciently.
TheuplinkSC-FDMA,whilesimilartothemodulationanddemodulationmethodofthe
OFDMA,performsaDiscreteFourierTransform(DFT)foreachuserintransmitter
modulationanditreverselyperformsanInverseDiscreteFourierTransform(IDFT)in
receivingdemodulationforminimizingthePeaktoAveragePowerRatio(P APR)atthe
transmitterandcontinuouslyallocatesfrequencyresourcesallocatedtoindividualusers.
ThishastheeffectofreducingpowerconsumptionoftheUE.

•SupportingBroadbandChannelBandwidth
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupportsbroadbandbandwidthof20MHzperLTEcarrier
andhigh-speedlarge-scalepacketservices.

•SupportofMIMO
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupports2x2MIMOthroughthemultipleantennas.The
followingmethodsareavailableinMIMO:

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

DirectionMIMODescription

Downlink

SpaceFrequency

BlockCoding

(SFBC)

ThistechnologyimplementstheSpace-TimeBlockCoding

(STBC)onfrequencyinsteadofontimetoincreasereliability

ofthelink.ItusesthesamemethodasSTBC(Alamouti

codes).

SpatialMultiplexing

(SM)

Variousdataisseparatedandsenttomultipleantennapaths

forincreasedpeakdatarate.(Eachpathusesthesame

time/frequencyresource.)

–SingleUser(SU)-MIMO:TheSMbetweenthebasestation

andoneUE,forincreasingpeakdatarateforoneUE.

–Open-loopSM:TheSMmethodwhichoperateswithout

thePrecodingMatrixIndicator(PMI)feedbackoftheUE

whentheUE’schannelischangingtoofastorunknown

duetofastUEmovement.

–Closed-loopSM:TheSMmethod(codebook-based

precoding)thatoperatesbyreceivingthePMIfeedbackof

theUEfromthebasestationwhentheUEmovesslowly

enoughforthechannelinformationtobeobtained.

Uplink

ULTransmitAntenna

Selection

1RFchain/2Txantennasareused,andthebasestation

informstheUEwhichTxantennaistobeused.(Closed-loop

selectionofTxantenna)

Multi-User

(MU)MIMOor

CollaborativeMIMO

ThepeakdatarateofeachUEdoesnotincreasebutthecell

throughputisincreased.

Ontheuplink,twoUEsusethesametime/frequency

resourcesfortransmittingdifferentdataatthesametime.The

basestationusesoneTxantennaandselectstwoorthogonal

UEs.

AvailabilityofSystemFeaturesandFunctions

Foravailabilityandprovisionscheduleofthefeaturesandfunctionsdescribedinthis

systemdescription,pleaserefertoseparatedocumentations.

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2.2MainFunctions

TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisthebasestationwithsupportforWiMAX/L TE
communicationtechnologies.Itprovidesphysicallayerfunctionsandcallprocessing
functionsforeachcommunicationtechnology .ItalsoprovidesintegratedIPprocessingand
operation&maintenancefunctionregardlessofthecommunicationtechnologybeingused.
ThemainfunctionsoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemareasfollows:

•Physicallayerprocessingfunction

•Callprocessingfunction

•IPprocessingfunctions

•Auxiliarydeviceinterfacefunction

•Convenientoperationandmaintenancefunction

2.2.1PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(WiMAX)

OFDMARanging

TherangingsupportedbytheOFDMAsystemisroughlydividedbytheuplinktiming
synchronizationmethodandthecontentionbasedbandwidthrequestmethod.

•UplinkTimingSynchronization
Intheuplinktimingsynchronizationmethod,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdetectsthe
timingerroroftheuplinksignalbyusingtherangingcodetransmittedfromMSand
transmitsthetimingcorrectioncommandtoeachMStocorrectthetransmissiontiming
oftheuplink.Theuplinktimingsynchronizationmethodhasinitialranging,periodic
ranging,handoverranging,etc.

•ContentionBasedBandwidthRequest
Inthecontentionbasedbandwidthrequestmethod,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemreceives
thebandwidthrequestrangingcodefromeachMSandallocatesuplinkresourcestothe
correspondingMStoenabletotransmitthebandwidthrequestheader.Thecontention
basedbandwidthrequestmethodhasbandwidthrequestrangingorsomething.

ChannelEncoding/Decoding

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheForwardErrorCorrection(FEC)encodingfor
thedownlinkpacketcreatedintheupperlayerbyusingConvolutionalTurboCode(CTC).
Onthecontrary,itdecodestheuplinkpacketreceivedfromtheMSafterdemodulating.

Modulation/Demodulation

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheFECencodingforthedownlinkpacketcreated
intheupperlayerandmodulatestheencodedpacketintotheQAMsignal.Inaddition,the
TD-LTEFlexiblesystemdemodulatesanddecodestheuplinkpacketreceivedfromMS.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

OFDMASub-carrierAllocation

Thesubchannelizationistheprocesstotiethesub-carriersofOFDMAasatransmission
unitaftergroupingthembyacertainrule.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemperformsthe
subchannelizationtomitigatetheinterferencebetweencells.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemmapsthecolumnofthemodulateddownlinkQAMsymbol
structurewitheachsub-carrierandcarriesoutthesubchannelizationwhenthecolumnofthe
QAMsymbolstructureistransmittedtotheMSoverthewirelessline.Insuchway ,the
TD-LTEFlexiblesystemtransmitsthecolumnoftheQAMsymbolstructuretotheMSvia
thesub-carrierspertainedtoeachsubchannel.

DL/ULMAPConstruction

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesysteminformstheairresourcesfortheuplinkandthedownlinkto
theMSbyusingDL/ULMAP .TheDL/ULMAPconsistsoftheschedulinginformationof
theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemandincludesvariouscontrolinformationfortheMS.

PowerControl

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthepowercontrolfunctionfortheuplinksignal
receivedfrommultipleMSsandthensetthepowerintensityoftheuplinksignaltoa
speciclevel.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemtransmitsthepowercorrectioncommandtoeachMSandthen
makestheMSpowerintensitybethelevelrequiredintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemwhen
theMStransmitsthemodulateduplinksignalinaspecicQAMmodulationmethod.

Hybrid-ARQ(H-ARQ)Operation

H-ARQisthephysicallayerretransmissionmethodusingthestop-and-waitprotocol.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheH-ARQfunctionandraisesdatathroughput
byre-transmittingorcombiningtheframefromthephysicallayertominimizetheeffect
attendingtothechangeofairchannelenvironmentorthechangeintheinterferencesignal
level.

MIMO

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidestheMIMOfunctionasfollowsaccordingtoMobile
WiMAXW ave2Prole:

•Downlink

–MatrixA(STC):TransmissionratiooftheMatrixAorSTCis1andequaltothatof

SingleInputSingleOutput(SISO).HoweverTheMatrixAortheSTCreducesthe
errorofthesignalreceivedfromtheMSbyraisingthestabilityofthesignalreceived
fromtheMSbymeansoftheTxdiversity.Thistechnologyis,also,effectiveinlow
SignaltoNoiseRatio(SNR)andprovidesexcellentperformanceevenwhentheMS
movesinhighspeed.

–MatrixB(SM,verticalencoding):MatrixBorSMmethodraisestheeffectivenessof

thefrequencybyraisingthetransmissionratioinproportiontothenumberofantenna
incomparisonwithSISO.ThistechnologyiseffectivewhenthereceptionSNRishigh.

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•Uplink

–CollaborativeSM:CollaborativeSMisthetechnologythatdoublesthefrequency

efciencyinviewoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemastwoMSswitheachindividual
antennasenddatasimultaneouslybyusingthesamechannel.

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidestheadaptiveMIMOswitchingfunction,which
dynamicallyselectstheSMorSTCmethodforthedownlinkMIMOfunction.TheTD-LTE
FlexiblesystemperformsswitchingbasedonavaluecalculatedbyreectingtheCarrierto
InterferenceandNoiseRatio(CINR)andtransmissionsuccessratesentbyanMS.

2.2.2PhysicalLayerProcessingFunction(LTE)

DownlinkReferenceSignalCreationandTransmission

ThereferencesignalisusedtodemodulatedownlinksignalsintheUE,andtomeasurethe
characteristicsofthechannelforscheduling,linkadaptation,andhandover,etc.
Therearetwodownlinkreferencesignals:cell-specicreferencesignalandUE-specic
referencesignal.

•Cell-specicreferencesignal:Usedtomeasurethequalityofthechannel,calculatethe
MIMOrank,performMIMOprecodingmatrixselection,andmeasurethestrengthof
thesignalsforhandover.

•UE-specicreferencesignal:Usedtomeasurechannelqualityfordemodulationofthe
datalocatedinthePDSCHresourceblockofaspecicUEwhenoperatingbeamforming
transmissionmode.

DownlinkSynchronizationSignalCreationandTransmission

AsynchronizationsignalisusedtoperformtheinitialsynchronizationwhentheUEstarts
tocommunicatewiththeTD-L TEFlexiblesystem.Therearetwotypesofsynchronization
signals:PrimarySynchronizationSignal(PSS)andSecondarySynchronizationSignal
(SSS).TheUEcanobtainthecellidentifyinformationthroughthesynchronizationsignal.
Itcanobtainotherinformationaboutthecellthroughthebroadcastchannel.Since
synchronizationsignalsandbroadcastchannelsaretransmittedinthe1.08MHzrange,
whichisrightinthemiddleofthecell’schannelbandwidth,theUEcanobtainthebasic
cellinformationsuchascellIDregardlessofthetransmissionbandwidthoftheTD-L TE
Flexiblesystem.

ChannelEncoding/Decoding

TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthechannelencoding/decodingfunctionfor
correctingthechannelerrorswhichoccuronaairchannel.InLTE,theturbocodingandthe
1/3tail-bitingconvolutionalcodingareused.Turbocodingismainlyusedfortransmission
oflargedatapacketsondownlinkanduplink,whileconvolutionalcodingisusedforcontrol
informationtransmissionondownlinkanduplinkandbroadcastchannel.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

Modulation/Demodulation

Whenreceivingdownlinkdatafromtheupperlayer,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprocesses
itthroughthebasebandprocedureofthephysicallayerandthentransmitsitviaaair
channel.Atthistime,tosendthebasebandsignalsasfarastheycangoviatheairchannel,
thesystemmodulatesthemandsendsthemonaspecichighfrequencybandwidth.Asfor
theuplink,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemdemodulatesthedatareceivedfromtheUEvia
theairchannelintobasebandsignalandthendecodesit.

ResourceAllocationandScheduling

WhentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemisoperatingasLTE,theOFDMAmethodisusedfor
downlinkandtheSC-FDMAmethodisusedforuplinkasmultipleaccessmethods.By
allocatingthe2-dimensionalresourcesoftimeandfrequencytomultipleUEswithout
overlay,bothmethodsenablethesystemtocommunicatewithmultipleUEssimultaneously.
WhenthesystemisoperatinginMU-MIMOmode,thesameresourcealsomaybeusedfor
multipleUEssimultaneously.SuchallocationofcellresourcestomultipleUEsiscalled
scheduling,andeachcellhasitsownschedulerforthisfunction.
TheL TEscheduleroftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemallocatesresourcestomaximizethe
overallthroughputofthecellbyconsideringthechannelenvironmentofeachUE,thedata
transmissionvolumerequired,andotherQoSelements.Moreover,toreduceinterferences
withothercells,theschedulerofacellcanshareinformationwiththeschedulerofother
cellsviatheX2interface.

LinkAdaptation

Theairchannelenvironmentcanbecomefasterorslower,betterorworsedependingon
variousfactors.Thesystemiscapableofincreasingthetransmissionrateormaximizing
thetotalcellthroughputinresponsetothechangesinthechannelenvironment,andthis
iscalledlinkadaptation.
Inparticular,theModulationandCodingScheme(MCS)isusedforchangingthe
modulationmethodandchannelcodingrateaccordingtothechannelstatus.Ifthechannel
environmentisgood,theMCSincreasesthenumberoftransmissionbitspersymbol
usingahigh-ordermodulation,suchas64QAM.Ifthechannelenvironmentisbad,it
usesalow-ordermodulation,suchasQPSKandalowcodingratetominimizechannel
errors.Moreover,intheenvironmentwhereMIMOmodecanbeused,thesystemworks
inMIMOmodetoincreasethepeakdatarateofsubscribers,andcangreatlyincrease
thecellthroughput.
Ifthechannelinformationobtainedisincorrectormodulationmethodofhigherorderor
highercodingratethanthegivenchannelenvironmentisused,errorsmayoccur.Insuch
cases,theerrorscanbecorrectedbytheHARQfunction.

H-ARQ

TheH-ARQisaretransmissionmethodinthephysicallayer,whichusesthestop-and-wait
protocol.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheH-ARQfunctiontoretransmitor
combineframesinthephysicallayersothattheeffectsofairchannelenvironmentchanges
orinterferencesignallevelchangescanbeminimized,consequentlyenhancingthroughput.

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TheL TEusestheIncrementalRedundancy(IR)-basedH-ARQmethodandregardsthe
ChaseCombining(CC)methodasaspecialcaseoftheIRmethod.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemusestheasynchronousmethodfordownlinkandthe
synchronousmethodforuplink.

PowerControl

Whentransmittingaspecicdatarate,toohighapowerlevelmayresultinunnecessary
interferencesandtoolowapowerlevelmayresultinanincreasederrorrate,causing
retransmissionordelay.UnlikeothermethodssuchasCDMA,powercontrolisrelatively
lessimportantinLTE.Nevertheless,adequatepowercontrolcanenhanceperformance
oftheLTEsystem.
ForL TEuplink,sinceSC-FDMAisused,thenear-farproblemswhichoccurintheCDMA
donotoccur.Nevertheless,highlevelsofinterferencesfromneighboringcellscandegrade
theuplinkperformance.Therefore,theUEsshoulduseadequatepowerlevelsfordata
transmissioninordernottointerferewithneighboringcells.Likewise,thepowerlevelfor
eachUEcouldbecontrolledforreducingtheinter-cellinterferencelevel.
FordownlinkinLTE,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanreduceinter-cellinterferenceby
transmittingdataatadequatepowerlevelsaccordingtothelocationoftheUEandthe
MCS,enhancingoverallcellthroughput.

ICIC

SinceUEswithinacellinL TEuseorthogonalresourceswithnointerferencebetweenthe
UEs,thereisnointra-cellinterference.However,ifdifferentUEsinneighboringcellsuse
thesameresource,interferencemayoccur.ThishappensmoreseriouslybetweentheUEs
locatedonthecelledge,resultinginseriousdegradationatcelledge.
Thetechniqueusedtorelievesuchinter-cellinterferenceproblemonthecelledgeis
Inter-CellInterferenceCoordination(ICIC).ICICallowsinterferencesignalstobe
transmittedtoothercellsinthecelledgeareainassmallanamountaspossiblebyallocating
abasicallydifferentresourcetoeachUEthatbelongstoadifferentcellandbycarryingout
powercontrolaccordingtotheUE’slocationinthecell.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsusetheX2interfaceforexchangingschedulinginformation
withoneanotherforpreventinginterferencesbyresourceconictsatcelledges.Ifthe
interferenceofaneighboringcellistoostrong,thesysteminformstheothersystemto
controlthestrengthoftheinterferencesignal.Therefore,theICICfunctionisusedfor
enhancingtheoverallcellperformance.

MIMO

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupportsvariousMIMOfunctionsmentionedaboveusingthe
2Tx/2RxantennasoftheRRHforprovidinghigh-performancedataservice.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

2.2.3CallProcessingFunction(WiMAX)

CellInitializationFunction

TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemannouncestheMACManagementmessagesuchas
DCD/UCD/MOB_NBR-ADVtothecellareainserviceperiodicallytoenabletheMS
receivingthemessagetocarryouttheappropriatecallprocessingfunction.

CallControlandWirelessResourceAllocationFunction

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemenablesanMStoentertoorexitfromthenetwork.When
anMSenterstoorexitfromthenetwork,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemtransmits/receives
thesignalingmessagerequiredforcallprocessingviaR1interfacewiththeMSorR6
interfacewithACR.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemallocatesvariousmanagement/transportConnectionIdentier
(CID)requiredforthenetworkentryandservicetoanMS.WhentheMSexitfromthe
network,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectsandreleasetheallocatedCID.

Handover

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthesignalingandbearerprocessingforinter-sector
HO(Handover),inter-ACRHOandinter-carrierHO.Atthistime,ACRrelaysthehandover
messagebetweenservingRASandtargetRASthroughtheR6interface.
Tominimizethetrafcdisconnectionininter-RASHO,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystem
performsthedataswitchingfunction.Inhandover,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemenablesthe
servingRAStoswitchtheuserdatainqueuingtothetargetRASand,therefore,theMSto
recoverthetrafcwithoutloss.

HandoverProcedure

Forthedetailedhandoverprocedure,referto’Handover’section.

SupportofSleepMode

SleepModeisthemodedenedtosavetheMSpowerunderIEEE802.16standardand
indicatesthestatusthatairresourcesallocatedtoanMSarereleasedwhentheMSdoesnot
needtrafcreception/transmissiontemporarily.IftheMSinSleepModeneedsthetrafc
reception/transmission,theMSreturnstothenormalstatusimmediately.
BothIdleModeandSleepModearemodestosavetheMSpower.TheIdleModerelease
allserviceowsallocatedtoanMS,whiletheSleepModereleasesonlytheairresources
betweentheMSandRAStemporarily ,continuouslykeepingtheserviceowinformation
allocatedtotheMS.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttherelatedcallprocessingfunctionby
receiving/sendingthesignalingmessagerequiredforthestatustransitionintoSleepMode
ofMSandthereturnfromtheSleepModetoAwakeModeofMS.

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AdmissionControl(AC)Function

IftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemreceivesthecallsetuprequest,suchasnetworkentry,Quick
ConnectionSetup(QCS)andhandover,fromanMS,itmonitorsthetrafcandsignaling
loadforeachsubcellandthenumberofuserinActive/SleepModeandperformstheAC
functiontopreventthesystemoverload.
ACcanberoughlydividedintoACbyMSandACbyserviceow .

•ACbyMS
IfthenumberofuserswhothesubcellisinActive/SleepModeexceedsthethreshold
whentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemreceivesthecallsetuprequestfromanMS,itrejects
thecallsetuprequestoftheMS.

•ACbyserviceow
Whenserviceowisadded,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemchecksiftheairresourcesof
therequestedsubcellexceedthethresholdanddeterminesthecreationoftheservice

MACARQFunction

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheARQfunctionoftheMAClayer.Inpacket
dataexchange,thetransmissionsidetransmitsARQblockwhichSDUisdividedinto,
andretransmitsthepacketaccordingtotheARQfeedbackinformationreceivedfromthe
receptionsidetoraisethereliabilityofdatacommunication.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthefollowingfunctionfortheserviceows
applyingARQ:

•MACManagementcreationandtransmissionconcernedwithARQoperation

•FeedbackprocessingdependingonARQtypes

•Blockprocessing(fragmentation/reassemble/retransmission)dependingonARQtypes

•ARQtimer/windowmanagement

QoSSupportFunction

ThepackettrafcexchangedbetweenACRandTD-L TEFlexiblesystemisdeliveredto
themodemintheTD-L TEFlexiblesystem.Atthistime,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
allocatesthequeueinthemodemtoeachserviceowthatQoStypeisspeciedtoobserve
theQoSconstraintgivenforeachQoSclassorserviceowandperformsthestrict-priority
schedulingaccordingtothepriority.
Themodemthatreceivesthepackettrafcperformstheschedulingbyusingthe
uplink/downlinkalgorithm,suchasProportionalFair(PF)orRoundRobin(RR)
andtransmitsthescheduledallocationinformationtoanMSthroughDL/ULMAP .
TheMSreceivingtheDL/ULMAPcheckstheairresourcesallocatedtotheMSand
modulates/demodulatesthedownlinkpacketortransmitstheuplinkpacketfromthe
allocateduplinkarea.
SincetheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheQoSmonitoringfunction,itcancompile
statisticsonpacketsunsatisfyingthelatencyrequestedfromtheQoSparameteraccordingto
TDDframesandreportthestatisticstoanoperatorviatheOAMinterface.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

2.2.4CallProcessingFunction(LTE)

CellInformationTransmission

Inthecellareabeingserved,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemperiodicallybroadcastsaMaster
InformationBlock(MIB)andtheSystemInformationBlocks(SIBs),whicharesystem
information,toallowtheUEthatreceivesthemtoperformpropercallprocessing.

CallControlandAirResourceAssignment

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemallowstheUEtobeconnectedtoortobereleasedfromthe
network.
WhentheUEisconnectedtoorreleasedfromthenetwork,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
sendsandreceivesthesignalingmessagesrequiredforcallprocessingtoandfromtheUE
viatheUuinterface,andtoandfromtheEPCviatheS1interface.
WhentheUEconnectstothenetwork,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutcallcontrol
andresourceallocationrequiredforservice.WhentheUEisreleasedfromthenetwork,it
collectsandreleasestheallocatedresources.

Handover

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupportsintra-frequencyorinter-frequencyhandoverbetween
intra-eNBcells,X2handoverbetweeneNBs,andS1handoverbetweeneNBs,andcarries
outthesignalingandbearerprocessingfunctionsrequiredforhandover.Atintra-eNB
handover,handover-relatedmessagesaretransmittedviainternaleNBinterfaces;atX2
handover,viatheX2interface;atS1handover,viatheS1interface.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcarriesoutthedataretransmissionfunctiontominimizeuser
trafcdisconnectionsatX2andS1handovers.ThesourceeNBprovidestwomethodsof
usingtheX2interfacefordirectretransmissiontothetargeteNBandusingtheS1interface
forindirectretransmission.TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemusesthedataretransmission
functiontoensurethattheUEreceivesthetrafcwithoutanylossathandover.

AdmissionControl(AC)Function

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidescapacity-basedadmissioncontrolandQoS-based
admissioncontrolforabearersetuprequestfromtheEPCsothatthesystemisnot
overloaded.

•Capacity-basedAC
ThereisathresholdforthemaximumnumberofconnectedUEs(newcalls/handover
calls)andathresholdforthemaximumnumberofconnectedbearersthatcanbeallowed
intheTD-L TEFlexiblesystem.Whenacallsetupisrequested,thepermissionis
determineddependingonwhethertheconnectedUEsandbearersexceedthethresholds.

•QoS-basedAC
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidesthefunctionfordeterminingwhethertopermit
acalldependingontheestimatedPhysicalResourceBlock(PRB)usageofthenewly
requestedbearer,thePRBusagestatusofthebearersinservice,andthemaximum
acceptancelimitofthePRB(perbearertype,QCI,andUL/DL).

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

RLCARQFunction

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheARQfunctionfortheRLCAcknowledged
Mode(AM)only.Whenreceivingandsendingpacketdata,theRLCtransmitstheSDU
bydividingitintounitsofRLCPDUinthesendingendandthepacketisretransmitted
accordingtotheARQfeedbackinformationreceivedfromthereceivingsideforincreased
reliabilityofthedatacommunication.

QoSSupportFunction

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemreceivestheQoSClassIdentier(QCI),inwhichtheQoS
characteristicsofthebeareraredened,GuaranteedBitRate(GBR),MaximumBitRate
(MBR),andAggregateMaximumBitRate(AMBR)fromtheEPC.ItprovidestheQoS
forthewirelesssectionbetweentheUEandtheeNBandthebackhaulsectionbetween
theeNBandtheS-GW .

•Inthewirelesssection,itperformsretransmissiontoratecontrolaccordingtothe
GBR/MBR/AMBRvalues,toscheduleconsideringpacketdelaybudgetandpriorityof
bearerdenedintheQCI,andtosatisfythePacketLossErrorRate(PLER).

•Inthebackhaulsection,itperformsQCI-basedpacketclassication,QCItoDSCP
mapping,andmarkingfortheQoS.Itprovidesqueuingdependingonmappingresults,
andeachqueuetransmitspacketstotheEPCaccordingtoastrictpriority,etc.

InEMS,inadditiontotheQCIpredenedinthespecications,anoperatorspecicQCI
andaQCI-to-DSCPmappingcanbeset.

2.2.5IPProcessingFunctions

IPQoSFunction

SincetheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupportsDifferentiatedServices(DiffServ),itcan
providethebackhaulQoSinthecommunicationwithACR.
Itsupports8-classDiffServandsupportsthemappingbetweentheDiffServserviceclass
andtheserviceclassoftheusertrafcreceivedfromanMS.Inaddition,theTD-LTE
FlexiblesystemsupportsthemappingbetweenDifferentiatedServicesCodePoint(DSCP)
and802.3EthernetMACserviceclass.

IPRoutingFunction

SincetheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidesseveralEthernetinterfaces,itstorestherouting
tablewiththeinformationontheEthernetinterfacetorouteIPpackets.Theroutingtable
oftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemiscongureddependingonoperator’ssettingandthe
congurationandthesettingoftheroutingtablearesimilartothestandardsettingofthe
router.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupportsthestaticroutingcongurationonlyandnotthe
routerfunctionforthetrafcreceivedfromtheoutside.WhentheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
connectsanauxiliarydevice,itsupportstheIPpacketroutingfunctionfortheauxiliary
devicebyusingNetworkAddressTranslation(NAT).

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

Ethernet/VLANInterfaceFunction

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidestheEthernetinterfaceandsupportsthestaticlink
groupingfunction,VirtualLocalAreaNetwork(VLAN)functionandEthernetCoSfunction
underIEEE802.3adfortheEthernetinterface.Atthistime,theMACbridgefunction
denedinIEEE802.1Disexcluded.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemenablesseveralVLANIDstobesetinoneEthernetinterface
andmapstheDSCPvalueofIPheaderwiththeCoSvalueofEthernetheaderinTxpacket
tosupportEthernetCoS.

2.2.6AuxiliaryDeviceInterfaceFunction

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidestheEthernetinterfacetoconnectauxiliarydevices
andallocatesIPaddressesbyoperatingasaDHCPserverfortheauxiliarydevices.In
addition,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidesthetrafcpathtotransmit/receivethe
maintenancetrafcbetweenanauxiliarydeviceandtheremoteauxiliarydevicemonitoring
server.
IftheauxiliarydeviceusesaprivateIPaddress,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcarriesout
theNA TfunctiontochangetheaddressintoapublicIPaddress(i.e.,theIPaddressofthe
TD-LTEFlexiblesystem)forthecommunicationwithanexternalmonitoringserver.

2.2.7MaintenanceFunction

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesysteminterworkingwiththemanagementsystemcarriesoutthe
followingmaintenancefunctions:systeminitializationandrestart,managementforsystem
conguration,managementfortheoperationparameters,failureandstatusmanagement
forsystemresourcesandservices,statisticsmanagementforsystemresourcesandvarious
performancedata,diagnosismanagementforsystemresourcesandservicesandsecurity
managementforsystemaccessandoperation.

GraphicandText-basedConsoleInterface

WSMmanagestheentireTD-L TEFlexiblesystemandACRbyusingDatabaseManagement
System(DBMS)andTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththisWSM.Inaddition,
TD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththeconsoleterminalfordirectlyaccessingtheNE
aswellasWSMbyoperatortoperformtheoperationandmaintenancefunction.
Foroperator’sconvenienceandworkingpurpose,theoperatorcanselectgraphic-based
consoleinterface(Web-basedElementMaintenanceTerminal,Web-EMT)ortext-based
consoleinterface(IntegratedManagementInterfaceShell,IMISH).Theoperatorcanaccess
theconsoleinterfacewithnoseparatesoftwareandlogintoWeb-EMTthroughInternet
ExploreandIMISHthroughSecureShell(SSH)onthecommandwindow .
Theoperatorcancarryouttheretrievalandsetupofthecongurationandtheoperation
informationandmonitoringaboutfaults,statusandstatisticsviaconsoleterminal.However,
theoperatorcancarryoutgrow/degrowofresourcesandsettingoftheneighborlistand
paginggroupwhichhavecorrelationbetweenseveralNEsonlyviatheWSM.

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

OperatorAuthenticationFunction

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidestheauthenticationandthepermissionmanagement
functionsfortheoperatorwhomanagesthesystem.TheoperatoraccessestheTD-L TE
Flexiblesystembyusingtheoperator’sIDandpasswordviaIMISHandtheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystemassignstheoperationrightinaccordancewiththeoperator’slevel.
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcarriesouttheloggingfunctionforsuccessfulaccess,access
failureandloginhistory.

MaintenanceFunctionwithEnhancedSecurityFunction

WhencommunicatingwiththeWSM,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupportsSNMPv2c
andSimpleNetworkManagementProtocolversion3(SNMPv3),andFTPandSSHFile
TransferProtocol(SFTP)forsecurity .Whencommunicatingwiththeconsoleterminal,it
supportsHyperTextTransferProtocoloverSSL(HTTPs)andSecureShell(SSH).

On-lineSoftwareUpgrade

Whenasoftwarepackageisupgraded,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcanupgradethe
packagewhilerunningoldversionofsoftwarepackage.Thepackageupgradeisprogressed
inthefollowingprocedure:‘AddNewPackage→ChangetoNewpackage→Delete
OldPackage’.
Inpackageupgrade,theserviceisstoppedtemporarilybecausetheoldprocessisterminated
andthenewprocessisstartedinthe‘ChangetoNewpackage’stage.However,sinceOSis
notrestarted,theservicewillbeprovidedagainwithinafewminutes.
Afterupgradingsoftware,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemupdatesthepackagestoredina
non-volatilestorage.Inaddition,theTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcanre-performthe‘Change
toNewpackage’stagetorollbackintothepreviouspackagebeforeupgrade.

CallTraceFunction

TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupportsthecalltracefunctionforaspecicMS.Theoperator
mayenabletraceforaspecicMSthroughtheACRortheMME.Thetraceexecution
resultssuchassignalingmessagesaresenttotheWSM,theoperatingserver.

DetailedInformationforEachSessionandServiceFlow(PSMR/PSFMR)

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemcollectsandstoresdetailedinformationofallsessions(Per
SessionMeasurementRecord,PSMR)anddetailedinformationofallserviceows(Per
ServiceFlowMeasurementRecord,PSFMR)toprovideittoanexternallogserver.When
asessionorserviceowiscreated,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemstartstocollectrelevant
information,andwhenthesessionorserviceowterminates,thesystemcreatesandstores
amessageinalesothattheexternallogservercancollectthemessage.
TheinformationcollectedbytheACRincludessessionterminationtime,initialandnal
handoverinformation(handovertypes,cellinformation),andtheMACaddressandIP
addressallocatedtotheMS.TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectssuchinformationasMS
MACaddresses,continuedsessiontime,continuedserviceowtime,turnaroundtimefor
networkentry,CID,SFID,initialandnalwirelessqualityinformation(RSSI,CINR,Tx
power),andthroughputinformation.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

TheACRdelivertheinformationcollectedbyACRtotheTD-L TEFlexiblesystem,andthe
TD-LTEFlexiblesystemcreatesandstoresaleforeachperiod.

ThresholdCrossAlert(TCA)Control

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemdenesunder/overthresholdforstatistics.Whenastatistical
valuecollectedatBucketInterval(15,30,and60minutes)islowerthantheunderthreshold,
itgeneratesanunderTCAalarm.Whenthevalueishigherthantheoverthreshold,it
generatesanoverTCAalarm.ThealarmsarereportedtotheWSM.TCAcanenableor
disabledetailsofeachstatisticalgroupandsetathresholdperseverity.

IEEE802.3ah

TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidesIEEE802.3ahEthernetOAMforabackhaul
interface.AlthoughIEEE802.3ahOAMpertainsthePHYlayer,itislocatedintheMAC
layersothatitcanbeappliedtoallIEEE802.3PHYs.Itcreatesorprocesses802.3ahOAM
framesaccordingtothefunctionsdenedinthespecication.
EthernetOAMcontinuouslymonitorstheconnectionbetweenlinksateachend,andalso
monitorsdiscovery ,remoteloopback,anderrorpacketswhichdeliverimportantlinkevents
suchasDyingGasp.Italsoincludesalinkmonitoringfunctionwhichdeliversevent
noticationintheeventofthresholderrors,andavariableretrievalfunctionfor802.3ah
standardMIB.
TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemsupports802.3ahEthernetOAMpassivemodesuchas
respondingto802.3ahOAMwhichistriggeredinexternalactivemodeentitiesand
loopbackmodeoperation,andsendingeventnotication.

LineLoopbackTestbetweentheDUandRRH

TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemprovidestheloopbacktestfunctiontocheckwhether
communicationisnormalonthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interfacelinebetweentheDU
andRRH.

OAMTrafcThrottling

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidesafunctionthatsuppressesOAMrelatedtrafcwhich
canoccurinthesystemdependingontheoperatorcommand.TheOAMrelatedtrafc
includesfaulttrapmessagesforalarmreportsandstatisticslesthatarecreatedperiodically.
Inafaulttrap,theoperatorcanuseanalarminhibitioncommandtosuppressalarm
generationforallorsomeofsystemfaulttraps.Thishelpscontrolalarmtrafc.Ina
statisticsle,theoperatorcanusecommandsforstatisticscollectioncongurationtocontrol
thesizeofstatisticslebydisablingcollectionfunctionsofeachstatisticsgroup.

IntegrityCheck

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemproactivelycheckswhethersystemcongurationoroperation
information(PLD)isincompliancewithoperatorcommandsduringsystemloadingor
operation,andalsocheckswhethersystemsettingsareOKandthereisnoproblemwith
callprocessing.IftheresultisnotOK,itsendsanalarmtotheoperator.Thatis,it
checkswhethersystemcongurationmeetstheminimumcongurationconditionsfor

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

callprocessingorwhetheralloperationinformationconsistsofvalidvalueswithinan
appropriaterange.Theresultisreportedtotheoperatortohelpwithcorrectionoferrors.

ThroughputTest

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidesathroughputtestforthebackhaul.TheTD-L TE
Flexiblesystemsupportsaserverandclientfunctionforthroughputtests.
TheoperatorcansetuptargetIPaddresses,testduration,andbandwidthsforthroughput
tests,andcheckthroughputandlossastestresults.However,asthethroughputtestaffects
systemperformanceandcallservices,itisrecommendednottoperformthetestduring
in-service.

SystemLogControl

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidesalogandlogcontrolfunctionperapplication.An
applicationlogcanbecreatedbyanoperatorcommandoritsdebuglevelcanbeset.The
operatorcanusuallykeepthelogfunctiondisabled,andwhenthelogfunctionisnecessary,
hecanchangethedebuglevel(VeryCalm,Calm,Normal,Detail,V eryDetail)toenable
loggingandlogsavefunctions.
However,enablinglogfunctionsformanyapplicationswhiletheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
isrunningmayaffectthesystemperformance.

DisablingZeroCodeSuppression(ZCS)

TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcollectsstatisticsdataandgeneratesstatisticslesperiodically.
TheWSMcollectsthesestatisticsles.Astatisticsleiscomposedoftheheaderusedto
indicateastatisticsgroupanditsdetailedindex(forexample,aspeciccarrier,sector,CPU,
port,etc.)andthestatisticsdataforthatindex.
Inastatisticsperiod,thestatisticsdataforaspecicindexcanbecomezeroinastatistics
leinthefollowingcases:

•Whentheindexdoesnotactuallyexistintheconguration.

•Whentheindexexistsinthecongurationbutitsstatisticsdatacollectedduringthat
periodiszero.

Therefore,theDisablingZCSfunction,whichsetsthezerodataaginthesubindexheader,
isprovidedtorecognizethetwocasesseparately.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

2.3Specications

Capacity

ThecapacityoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemisasfollows:

ChannelBandwidth–MobileWiMAX:10MHz

RFBand2,496~2,690MHz(BC41)

CategorySystemCapacity

–TD-LTE:20MHz

MaximumNumberof

Carriers/Sectors

InterfacebetweenACRandTD-L TE

Flexiblesystem

ChannelCardCapacity–MobileWiMAX:1Carrier/1Sector

OutputAntennaPort-based

2Carrier/3Sector

SelectoneofFastEthernetandGigabitEthernet

–TD-LTE:1Carrier/3Sector

–5W/Carrier/Path@WiMAX10MHz

–10W/Carrier/Path@TD-L TE20MHz

InputPower

ThetablebelowliststhepowerstandardfortheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.

CategoryStandard

SystemInputVoltage

a)EachoftheDUandRRHreceives-48VDCofpowerforitsoperation.

a)

-48VDC(VoltageVariationRange:-40~-56VDC)

UnitSizeandWeight

ThetablebelowliststhesizeandweightoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystem.

CategoryStandard

DU(W×D×H)432(17.01)×396(15.59)×200(7.87) Size

[mm(in.)]

[kg(lb.)]

RRH-2WB(W×D×H)354(13.94)×1 12(4.41)×504(19.84)

DUAbout20(44.09) Weight

RRH-2WBAbout20(44.09)

EnvironmentalCondition

Thetablebelowliststheenvironmentalconditionsandrelatedstandardssuchasoperational
temperatureandhumidity.

•DU

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

CategoryRange

TemperatureCondition

HumidityCondition

a)

a)

0~50°C(32~122°F)

10~90%

Themoisturecontentmustnotexceed0.024kg(0.05lb.)per1

kg(2.2lb.)ofair .

Altitude0~1,800m(0~5,905ft)

VibrationGR-63-CORESec.4.4

–Earthquake

–OfceVibration

–TransportationVibration

SoundPressureLevelMax.65dBAatheightof1.5m(4.92ft)anddistanceof0.6m(1.97ft)

EMIFCCTitle47Part15ClassA

GR-1089-CORESec.3.2EmissionCriteria

a)Thestandardsoftemperature/humidityconditionsarebasedonthevalueonthepositionwhereis

400mm(15.8in.)awayfromthefrontofthesystemandintheheightof1.5m(59in.)onthebottom.

•RRH

CategoryRange

TemperatureCondition

HumidityCondition

Altitude-60~1,800m(197~5,905ft)

VibrationGR-63-CORESec.4.4

SoundPressureLevelMax.65dBAatdistanceof1.5m(5ft)andheightof1.0m(3ft)

EMIFCCTitle47Part15ClassB

USFederalRegulationFCCTitle47Part27

a)

a)

-40~+50°C(-104~122°F)

5~95%(Non-condensing)

Themoisturecontentmustnotexceed30g(0.07lb.)per1m3(35.31

ft3)ofair.

–Transportationshock

–Transportationvibration

–Installationshock

–Environmentallyinducedvibration

–Earthquakeresistance

EN301389

G1089-CORE(Issue4)

a)Thestandardsoftemperature/humidityconditionsarebasedonthevalueonthepositionwhereis

400mm(15.8in.)awayfromthefrontofthesystemandintheheightof1.5m(59in.)onthebottom.

EnvironmentalAlarm

ThetablebelowliststheenvironmentalalarmprovidedintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem
indefault.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

TemperatureAlarmHighT emperature,LowVoltage

FanFailFanFail

VoltageAlarmHighVoltage,LowVoltage

GPSRSpecication

ThetablebelowliststheGPSReceiver(GPSR)characteristicsofTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.

ReceivedSignalfromGPSGPSL1Signal

Accuracy/Stability0.02ppm

RFSpecication

ThetablebelowliststheRFcharacteristicsoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.

CategoryDescription

CategoryDescription

CategoryDescription

TotalTxOutputPower–MobileWiMAX:10W@avgpowerpercarrier/sector

–TD-LTE:20W@avgpowerpercarrier/sector

TxConstellationerror–MobileWiMAX:Inaccordancewiththe802.16estandard

–TD-LTE:Inaccordancewiththe3GPPLTEstandard

RXSensitivity–MobileWiMAX:Inaccordancewiththe802.16estandard

–TD-LTE:Inaccordancewiththe3GPPLTEstandard

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2.4InterfacebetweenSystems

MobileWiMAXInterfaceStructure

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithotherRASsandACRswhenoperatingin
WiMAXmodeasillustratedbelow.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

Figure2.1InterfacebetweenSystems(MobileWiMAX)

•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandMS
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithanMSaccordingtotheIEEE802.16radio
accessstandardtoexchangethecontrolsignalandthesubscribertrafc.

•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandACR
TheinterfacebetweenanACRandtheTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminthesameASNisR6
anditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.TheR6istheinterfacebetweenACRandRAS
denedinMobileWiMAXNWGandiscomposedofsignalingplane(IP/UDP/R6)and
bearerplane(IP/GRE).

•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSM
TheinterfacebetweentheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemandtheWSMcomplieswith
SNMPv2corSNMPv2c/SNMPv3,FTP/SFTPandproprietarystandardofSamsung
anditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.

TD-LTEInterfaceStructure

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithothereNBsandEPCswhenoperatingin
TD-LTEmodeasillustratedbelow.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

Figure2.2InterfacebetweenSystems(TD-LTE)

•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandUE
TheTD-L TEFlexiblesysteminterfaceswithanUEaccordingtothe3GPPL TEUuradio
accessstandardtoexchangethecontrolsignalandthesubscribertrafc.

•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandS-GW
TheinterfacebetweenanS-GWandtheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemis3GPPL TES1-U
anditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.

•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandMME
TheinterfacebetweenanMMEandtheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemis3GPPLTES1-MME
anditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.

•InterfacebetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSM
TheinterfacebetweentheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemandtheWSMcomplieswith
SNMPv2corSNMPv2c/SNMPv3whichisIETFstandard,FTP/SFTPandproprietary
standardofSamsunganditsphysicalaccessmethodisGE/FE.

ProtocolStack

•ProtocolStackbetweenNEs(MobileWiMAX)
ThegurebelowshowstheprotocolstackbetweenNEsofMobileWiMAX.

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

Figure2.3ProtocolStackbetweenNEs(MobileWiMAX)

TheR6signalinginterfaceisexecutedonUDP/IPandtheR6trafcinterfaceusesthe
GREtunnel.TheTD-L TEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththeMSovertheR1interface
inMobileWiMAXmodeaccordingtotheIEEE802.16specication.TheR6interfaceis
usedbetweentheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemandtheACR.

•ProtocolStackbetweenUEandeNB(TD-LTE)

Figure2.4ProtocolStackbetweenUEandeNB(TD-LTE)

TheUEandtheeNBareconnectedwirelesslyovertheL TEUuinterface.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

TheeNBandtheEPCareconnectedphysicallyviaFE/GEaccordingtotheL TES1-U
andS1-MMEinterfaces.

Figure2.5ProtocolStackbetweeneNBandEPC(TD-L TE)

•ProtocolStackforOperationandMaintenance

Figure2.6ProtocolStackbetweenTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandWSM

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesysteminterworkswithWSMinUDP/IP-basedSNMPmethodto
carryouttheoperationandmaintenancefunctions.Inparticular,theTD-L TEFlexible
systeminterworkswithWSMinTCP/IP-basedFTP/SFTP(FTPoverSSH)methodto
collectthestatisticaldataperiodically,initialize&restartthesystemanddownload
software.

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

PhysicalInterfaceOperationMethod

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidesEthernetinterfaceasanASNinterfaceandcan
selectthetypeofinterfacesdependingonthenetworkconguration.Atthistime,more
thanonetypeofinterfacescannotbeoperatedsimultaneously.Thenumberofinterfaces
canbeoptionallymanageddependingonthecapacityandtherequiredbandwidthofthe
TD-LTEFlexiblesystem.
Thetypesofinterfacesareasfollows:

InterfaceT ypeNumberofPortsperSystem

Ethernet

100/1000Base-T(RJ-45)4

1000Base-X(SFP)

100/1000Base-T(RJ-45)

(Simultaneousoperation)

2

2

Ethernetinterfaceoperateseverallinksas802.3ad(static)-basedstaticlinkaggregation.
Theoperationandmaintenanceinterface(interfacewithWSM)isoperatedinin-band
method,whichsharesthecommonusertrafcinterface.

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CHAPTER2.OverviewofSystem

Thispageisintentionallyleftblank.

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ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

3.1HardwareStructure

TheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemhasaseparatestructureconsistingofaDUandRRHs.
BecauseuptothreeRRHscanbeconnectedtoaDU,themaximum2Carrier/3Sector
serviceispossible.

DU

TheboardsthatmakeuptheDUaremountedontheSMFS-F ,whichisa19in.indoorshelf.
TheSMFS-Fcanbemountedona19in.indoororoutdoorcommercialrack.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-L TEFlexibleSystemDescription

•SamsungMobileWiMAXFlexibleShelfassembly-Frontmount(SMFS-F)

–ShelfforDUofTD-L TEFlexiblesystem
–Mountingissupportedwhenmountedona19in.rack.

TheDUiscomposedofaDigitalMainBlock(DMB),DPM-FI,andFAN-FD48.

•DMB
TheDMBoperatesandmaintainstheTD-L TEFlexiblesystem,enablestheTD-LTE
FlexiblesystemtointerfacewithACR/EPCandprovidesthecommunicationpath
betweenprocessorsinthesystem.TheDMBcreatesthereferenceclock,providesthe

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

Figure3.1DUConguration(SMFS-F)

3-1

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

•DPM-FI

•FAN-FD48

RRH

TheRRHisasingleunitthatcanbeinstalledonawallorpolewithoutanadditionalshelf
orrack.TheRRHisauniedRFmoduleinterfacingremotelywiththeDUthroughan
opticalcable.Itislocatedatthefrontendoftheantenna.

clocktothelowerhardwareblockandperformsthesignalprocessingfunctionforthe
subscribersignal.
TheDMBalsointerfaceswiththeRRHtosendandreceivedatatrafc,andreceivesand
controlsalarmsforthelowerhardwareblocksormodules,includingtheRRH.

TheDPM-FIreceivesDCpowerthroughaseparaterectieranddistributesittoevery
boardandmoduleontheDUshelf.TheoperatorcancontrolDCpowersupplybyturning
thecircuitbreakeratthefrontoftheDPM-FIon/off.

TheFAN-FD48iscomposedofasetoffourfansandmaintainstheinsidetemperature
oftheDUwithinanappropriaterangesothattheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcanoperate
normally.
TheFAN-FD48detectstheinsidetemperatureoftheDUusingabuilt-intemperature
sensorandsetsthespeedofthefaninaccordancewiththedetectedtemperature.

Figure3.2RRH-2WBConguration

Onadownlink,itconvertsthedatatrafcintheformof‘DigitalI/QandC&M’received
fromthechannelcardoftheDUintoRFsignalsandthensendsthemthroughanexternal
antenna.Conversely,onanuplink,theRRHconvertstheRFsignalsreceivedthrough
theantennainto‘DigitalI/QandC&M’datatrafc,andthensendsthemtothechannel
cardoftheDU.

3-2

ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

TheRRHalsoreceivesclockinformationfromtheDUthroughthe‘DigitalI/QandC&
M’interface,andsends/receivesalarm/controlmessages.

InternalCongurationofSystem

BelowaretheinternalcongurationdiagramsoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystem.

RRHTypes

Referto’RRH’sectionfordetailsontheRRHtypes.

•2Carrier/3SectorMIMO(WiMAX/TD-LTE)

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

Figure3.3InternalCongurationoftheSystem(MIMO)

3-3

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

3.1.1DMB

TheDigitalMainBlock(DMB)supportstheoperationandmaintenanceoftheTD-LTE
Flexiblesystem,interfacingbetweentheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemandACR/EPC,and
interfacingbetweentheDUandRRH.Italsocollectsandcontrolsalarmsforthelower
boardsandmodules,includingtheinter-processorcommunicationpathsandRRHin
thesystem.TheDMBalsogeneratesandsuppliesclockstothelowerhardwareblocks,
includingtheRRH,andprocesseschannelsforsubscribersignals.
WhentheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsendssignalstoanMS,theDMBperformstheOFDMA
signalprocessingonthetrafcsignalsreceivedfromtheACR/EPC,convertstheminto
opticalsignalsusingthe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’converter,andthensendsthemtothe
remoteRRH.
Conversely,whentheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemreceivessignalsfromanMS,theDMB
receives‘DigitalI/QandC&M’signalsfromtheremoteRRH,performstheOFDMA
signalprocessingonthem,andthensendsthemtotheACR/EPC.

Rectier

Thevendormustinstalltherectierseparately.Samsungcanprovideacommercial

rectierattheserviceprovider’srequest.FortheRS-485interfaceservicebetween

theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandrectier,therectiermustmeettheinterfaceprotocol

speciedbySamsung.Forotheroperations,theTD-LTEFlexiblesystemcan

communicatewiththerectierusingUserDenedAlarms(UDA).

MainfunctionsofDMBareasfollows:

•Creationanddistributionofthereferenceclock

•FastEthernet/GigabitEthernetinterfacewithACR/EPC

•Faultdiagnosisandalarmcollectionandcontrol

•Alarmreport

•Channelresourcemanagement

•OFDMAsignalprocessing

•AutomaticGainControl(AGC)forthereceivedRFsignalandReceivedSignalStrength
Indicator(RSSI)support

•SupportingopticalinterfacingwiththeRRHandloopbacktest

TheDMBisconguredasshowninthegurebelow:

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ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

Figure3.4DMBConguration

Board

Name

Quantity

(Sheet)Function

MBB-F1MobileWiMAXbasestationBackplaneBoard-Flexible

–DMBbackboard

–Signalroutingfunctionfortrafc,controlsignal,clock,power,etc.

MMA-G1MobileWiMAXbasestationMaincontrolboardAssembly-General

–Mainsystemprocessor

–Callprocessing,resourceallocationandOAM

–ReceptionoftheGPSsignalandcreationandsupplyoftheclock

–Alarmcollectionandreporttotheupper

–SupportsFE/GEinterfacewithACR/EPC

–Non-volatilememorysupport

MRA-FMax.3MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-Flexible

–SupportingMobileWiMAXof10MHzchannelbandwidth

–MobileWiMAXsubscriberdatatrafcprocessing

–OFDMAProcessing

–1Carrier/1SectorMIMO

–‘DigitalI/QandC&M’dataformatting

–SupportingopticalinterfacingwiththeRRH(E/O,O/Econversion)

–SupportingloopbacktestsbetweentheDUandtheRRH

MRA-LMax.1MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-LTE

MEI-B1MobileWiMAXbasestationExternalInterfaceboardassembly-Basic

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

–SupportingTD-LTEof20MHzchannelbandwidth

–TD-LTEdatatrafcprocessingandresourceallocation(PDCP ,IPSec,

GTP ,etc.)

–OFDMA(DL),SC-FDMA(UL)processing

–1Carrier/3SectorMIMO(UL-SIMO)

–‘DigitalI/QandC&M’dataformatting

–SupportingopticalinterfacingwiththeRRH(E/O,O/Econversion)

–SupportingloopbacktestsbetweentheDUandtheRRH

–ProvidesUserDenedAlarm(UDA)

–Alarmmonitoringincludingfanalarm/hightemperature

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CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

MobileWiMAXbasestationMaincontrolboardAssembly-General(MMA-G)

TheMMA-GprovidesamainprocessorfunctionoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystem,GPS
signalreceivingandclockdistribution,andnetworkinterfacefunctions.

•MainProcessorFunction

•GPSSignalReceptionandClockDistributionFunction

•NetworkInterfaceFunction

TheMMA-GistheboardthatcarriesouttheroleasthehighestlayerintheTD-L TE
Flexiblesystemandisequippedwiththemainprocessor.Themainprocessorofthe
MMA-Gperformsthefunctions,suchascommunicationpathsettingbetweenMSand
ACR/EPC,EthernetswitchfunctionintheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem,systemoperation
andmaintenanceandTDDsignalcontrol.
TheMMA-GmanagesthestatusofallhardwareandsoftwareintheTD-LTEFlexible
systemandreportseachstatusinformationtoWSMviaACR.Inaddition,theMMA-G
allocatesandmanagestheresourcesoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemandtheconnection
oftheMMA-GandaPCfortheWeb-EMTenablestomaintaintheTD-L TEFlexible
systemwithnointerworkingwithACR.

TheMMA-GisequippedwithUniversalCoreClockModule(UCCM)forGPSsignal
reception.
TheUCCMenableseachblockoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemtobeoperatedinthe
synchronizedclocksystem.TheUCCMmountedontheMMA-Gcreatesthesystem
clocks[56MHz,12.5Hz(80msec),PP2S,analog10MHz,61.44MHz]byusingthe
referencesignalreceivedfromaGPSanddistributesthemtothehardwareblocksinthe
system.TheseclocksareusedtomaintaintheinternalsynchronizationoftheTD-L TE
Flexiblesystemandoperatethesystem.
IfnoGPSsignalisreceivedduetoafaultwhensystemoperation,theUCCMcarries
outtheholdoverfunctiontoprovidethenormalclockforacertaintime(24hours)as
providedintheexistingsystem.

TheMMA-GinterfaceswithanACR/EPCinGigabitEthernetorFastEthernetmethod.
TheMMA-GcanprovidemaximumtwoGigabitEthernetportsorfourFastEthernet
portsperboard,andsupportthelinkaggregationredundancymethod.
TheMMA-Gcanbedividedasfollowsdependingontheinterfacetypesprovidedby
MMA-G,andserviceprovidercanchoosetheinterfacetype.

–MMA-GC:100/1000Base-TCopperports
–MMA-GM:Two100/1000Base-Tportsandtwo1000Base-XSmallFormfactor

Pluggable(SFP)ports

•OperationInformationStorageFunction
TheMMA-Gisequippedwithnon-volatilememoriesandoffersthestoragefunctionof
loadingandoperationinformationwithintheMMA-G.

MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-Flexible(MRA-F)

TheMRA-FisaMobileWiMAXchannelcardwhichprovidesmodemfunctionandRRH
interfacingfunction.

•ModemFunction

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ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

TheMRA-FisequippedwiththemodemsupportingIEEE802.16MobileWiMAX
standardphysicallayer(PHY)andthemodemperformstheOFDMAsignalprocessing
functionbythecontroloftheMMA-G.
TheMRA-FmodulatesthepacketdatareceivedthroughtheMMA-G,convertsthe
modulatedsignalintothe‘DigitalI/QandC&M’formatandtransmitstotheRRH.In
thecontrary,theMRA-FdemodulatedthedatareceivedfromtheRRHafterperforming
theAGCfunction,convertsthedataintotheformatdenedintheIEEE802.16Mobile
WiMAXphysicallayerstandardandthentransmitstheconverteddatatotheMMA-Gvia
Ethernet.

•OpticalinterfacingwiththeRRHandLoopbackTest
AstheMRA-Fcontainsabuilt-inElectricaltoOptic(E/O)conversiondeviceandan
OptictoElectrical(O/E)conversiondevice,itcansendandreceive‘DigitalI/QandC&
M’signalsoftheopticalsignalsbetweendistantRRHs.
TheMRA-Fcanalsorunloopbackteststocheckwhethertheinterfacebetweenthe
MRA-FandRRHsisingoodconditionforpropercommunication.Theoperatorcanrun
theloopbacktestifnecessaryusingtheWSMcommand.

MobileWiMAXbasestationRASboardAssembly-LTE(MRA-L)

TheMRA-LisaTD-L TEchannelcardwhichprovidesmodemfunctionandRRH
interfacingfunction.

•ModemFunction
TheMRA-Lincludesamodemwithsupportfor3GPPL TEstandardphysicallayer
(PHY).ItperformsOFDMA/SC-FDMAchannelprocessingandtheDSPprocesses
RLC/MAC.ThemodemoftheMRA-Lmodulatesthepacketdatareceivedfrom
upperprocessorandtransmitsittotheRRHthrough’DigitalI/QandC&M’(CPRI).
Reversely,itdemodulatesthepacketdatareceivedfromtheRRH,convertsittothe
formatdenedintheLTEstandardphysicallayerspecications,andtransmitsittothe
upperprocessorthroughEthernet.

•OpticalinterfacingwiththeRRHandLoopbackTest
AstheMRA-Lcontainsabuilt-inElectricaltoOptic(E/O)conversiondeviceandan
OptictoElectrical(O/E)conversiondevice,itcansendandreceive‘DigitalI/QandC
&M’signalsoftheopticalsignalsbetweendistantRRHs.TheMRA-Lcanalsorun
loopbackteststocheckwhethertheinterfacebetweentheMRA-LandRRHsisingood
conditionforpropercommunication.Theoperatorcanruntheloopbacktestifnecessary
usingtheWSMcommand.

MobileWiMAXbasestationExternalInterfaceboardassembly-Basic(MEI-B)

TheMEI-BalsocollectsalarmsforthefanmountedontheDUtoreporttotheMMA-G.
TheMEI-Bprovidesthepathonthealarminformationgeneratedintheexternaldevices
(additionaldevicesprovidedbytheoperator)throughUDAandselectivelyprovidedI/O
panel.

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

3-7

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

3.1.2RRH

TheRRHisaremoteRFdevicewithsimultaneoussupportstheMobileWiMAXand
TD-LTEservices.MainfunctionsofRRHareasfollows:

•High-poweramplicationofRFtransmissionsignal

•Interfacesopticallywiththechannelcard(MRA-F/MRA-L)oftheDUusing‘DigitalI/Q

•Upconversion/downconversionoffrequency

•GaincontrolofRFRx/Txsignal

•Rx/TxRFsignalfrom/toanantenna

•Suppressionofout-of-bandspuriouswaveemittedfromRFRx/Txsignal

•Lownoiseamplicationofband-passlteredRFRxsignal(LowNoiseAmplier,LNA)

•TDDswitchingfunctionforTx/Rxpath

•Includesthelterpartconnectedtotheantenna

TheRRH-2WBistheRFunitoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystem.ItsupportstransmissionRF
pathofWiMAXandTD-LTE.ThisRFunitintegratesthetransceiver,poweramplier,TDD
switchandlterinonemodule.
WhensimultaneouslyrunningWiMAXandTD-L TE,theoperationcongurationofthe
RRH-2WBisasfollows.

andC&M’andcarriesoutinterfacingfortrafc,alarms,controlsignals,andclock
information.

Figure3.5RRH-2WBCongurationforWiMAX+TD-LTEOperation

•2T2RTD-L TE20MHz+2T2RWiMAX10MHz(operatinginthesamesector)

•TD-LTE:2,496~2,690MHz,WiMAX:2,496~2,690MHz

•10W+10W/Carrier@TD-L TEand5W+5W/Carrier@WiMAX

•2Tx/2Rx(2x2MIMO)

Inthecaseofdownlinksignals,theRRHconvertsbasebandsignalsreceivedthroughthe
‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interfacefromthechannelcard(MRA-F/MRA-L)intoOpticto
Electrical(O/E).TheconvertedsignalsundergoDigitaltoAnalogConversion(DAC)tobe
convertedtoanalogRFsignals,andthenareampliedthroughthecurrentamplication
process.Ampliedsignalsaresenttotheantennaviathelterpart.

3-8

ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

Inthecaseofuplinksignals,thefrequencyofthesignalsreceivedthroughtheRRH
lterpartisloweredbyLowNoiseAmplier(LNA).TheAnalogtoDigitalConversion
(ADC)processconvertsthesesignalstobasebandsignals.Thebasebandsignalsareinthe
‘DigitalI/QandC&M’format,andundergoE/Oconversiontobesenttothechannel
card(MRA-F/MRA-L).

TheRRHcannotoperateonitsown,butoperatesbybeinglinkedtotheDU.TheRRH
ishighlyexibleinitsinstallation,andhelpswithsettingupanetworkinavarietyof
congurationsdependingonthelocationandoperationmethodasshownbelow.

Figure3.6MobileWiMAX+TD-LTESimultaneousOperationConguration(2Carrier/3Sector)

3.1.3DPM-FI

TheDPM-FIismountedtotherightoftheTD-LTEFlexiblesystemDMB.

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

Figure3.7DPM-FIConguration

3-9

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

EveryboardoftheDMBandthefan(FAN-FD48)oftheDUintheTD-L TEFlexiblesystem
receivepowerthroughtheMBB-F.EachboardofDMBreceives-48VDCandconverts
ittotherequiredvoltage.
ThefollowingpowerdiagramshowsDUinputpowerthatissuppliedtoDPM-FIand
connectionpointstoeachboard.

BoardNameQuantityFunction

DPM-FI1DCPowerModule-FlexibleIndoor

ReceivesDCpowerthrougharectieranddistributesittoevery

blockintheDMB

Figure3.8PowerStructureofTD-FlexibleSystem

RRHPowerSupply

IftheRRHisdistantfromtheDU,itissuppliedwithseparatepower(e.g.,rectier)of

-48VDC(-40~-56VDC).

3-10

ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

3.1.4CoolingStructure

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

DU

TheDUoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemmaintainstheinsidetemperatureoftheshelfatan
appropriaterangeusingasetofsystemcoolingfans(F AN-FD48),sothatthesystemcan
operatenormallywhentheoutsidetemperatureoftheDUshelfchanges.

Figure3.9FanConguration

BoardNameQuantityFunction

FAN-FD481FANModule-FlexibleDigitalunit-48VDC

DUcoolingfan

ThecoolingstructureoftheDUintheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemisasfollows.

Figure3.10CoolingStructureoftheDU

TheFAN-FD48hasabuilt-intemperaturesensor.

RRH

TheRRHoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemisdesignedwithanaturalcoolingsystemthat
supportsanoutdoorenvironmentwithnoadditionalfanorheater.

3.1.5ExternalInterfaceStructure

ThelayoutofTD-LTEFlexiblesysteminterfacesisasshowninthegurebelow:

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

3-11

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

SupportofWiMAX+TD-LTE

Figure3.11ExternalInterfacesofTD-LTEFlexibleSystem

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemsupportsMIMOandprovidestheadministratorwiththe
followingexternalinterface.

•ExternalInterfaceofDU

CategoryInterfaceT ypePortNo.ConnectorT ype

UDE10/100Base-Tx1RJ-45

RectierInterfaceRS-4851RJ-45

UDAOpen/Short168PinChampConnector

TDDTDDClock(LVTTL)1SMA

PowerDCPower(-48VDC)1Molex42816-0212

FEtoConsole10/100Base-TX1RJ-45

MMA-GDebugRS-2322USB

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ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

CategoryInterfaceT ypePortNo.ConnectorT ype

Backhaul

Base-Xand100/1000Base-TX

21000Base-X:SFP(LC)Simultaneousoperationof1000

2100/1000Base-Tx:RJ-45

100/1000Base-TX4RJ-45

MRA-LDebugRS-2322USB

RRHinterfaceDigitalI/QandC&MMax.12SFP(Singlemode)

MRA-FDebugRS-2321USB

GPSAntennaAnalogRF1SMA

Analog10MHzAnalog10MHz(RF)1SMA

•ExternalInterfaceofRRH–2WB

CategoryInterfaceTypePortNo.ConnectorType

AntennaInterfaceAnalogRF(MainTrafc)4Mini-Din

PowerDCpower(-48VDC)1SquareFlangeReceptacle

RETAISG2.1(Power/Control)1SU-20SP-8P

DUinterfaceDigitalI/QandC&M

1.25Gpbsx4cores

1SFP(singlemode)

TDDsignaloutput1MCX Debug

Debug1USB

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

3-13

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

3.2SoftwareStructure

TheTD-L TEFlexiblesystemprovidesacommonsoftwareplatform,andaccommodates
independentcallprocessingsoftwareblocksforWiMAXandTD-L TEchannelcards.
TheOAMblockoftheTD-L TEFlexiblesysteminterworkswiththeMMA-GandWSM.

Figure3.12BasicSoftwareArchitectureoftheTD-LTEFlexibleSystem

Thecomponentsofthesystemsoftwareareshownbelow:OperatingSystem(OS),
DeviceDriver(DD),Middleware(MW),NetworkProcessorSoftware(NPS),IPRouting
Software(IPRS),andapplication.TheapplicationisdividedbyCallControl(CC)/Call
ProcessingSoftware(CPS)blockforthecallprocessingandtheOAMblockforoperation
andmaintenanceofthesystem.

Figure3.13SoftwareStructureofSystem

•OperatingSystem(OS)
OSinitializesandcontrolsthehardwaredevice,andrunsthesoftwareoperationinthe
hardware.Tooperatethesoftware,OSusestheembeddedLinuxOS,andmanagesthe
dualsoftwareprocesses.Then,OSprovidesvariousfunctionsefcientlywithlimited
resources.

•Middleware(MW)

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ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

MWhelpsthesmoothoperationbetweenOSandapplicationundervarioustypesof
hardwareenvironment,andtoachievethis,MWprovidesvariousservices:message
deliveryservicebetweenapplications,eventnoticationservice,debuggingutility
services.

•DeviceDriver(DD)
DDprovidestheAPIfortheuserprocessortosetup/control/detectthehardwaredevice.
Also,DDconrmsthedevicecongurationbyreceivingthecongurationdatafromthe
upperuserprocessor,andalsoprovidesthefunctionsofregistermanipulationfordevice
operation,devicediagnosis,statisticsandstatusmanagement.

•NetworkProcessorSoftware(NPS)
NPSmanagestheinnatefunctionsofNetworkProcessor(NP)thatmainlyprocesses
thepackets,anditconnectstheupperprocessorandNPinBoardProcessor(BP),and
providesthefunctionsofNPmessageprocessing,NPstatisticsdatacollectionandreport.

•IPRoutingSoftware(IPRS)
IPRSexecutestheIProutingprotocolfunction.IPRScollectsandmanagesthesystem
congurationandstatusdatanecessaryforIProutingoperation,andbasedonthedata,it
generatestheroutingtableviatheroutingprotocol,andmakespacketforwardingpossible.

•CallControl(CC)/CallProcessingSoftware(CPS)

–CCisasoftwaresubsystemthatprocessesthecallsinthesystem,andCCinterfaces

withMSandACR.CCsupportsdataexchangefunctiontosupportwirelessdata
servicesuchastheMACscheduling,airlinkcontrol,ARQprocessingandIEEE

802.16messageprocessing.

–CPSisasoftwaresubsystemthatprocessesthecallsinthesystem,andCPSinterfaces

withUDandEPC.CPSsupportsdataexchangefunctiontosupportwirelessdata
servicesuchastheMACscheduling,airlinkcontrol,ARQprocessingandS1/X2
messageprocessing.

•OperationAndMaintenance(OAM)
TheOAMprovidestheinterface(SNMPv2c/SNMPv3,FTP/SFTP,HTTPs,SSH)of
whichisstandardizedtointerworkwiththeuppermanagementsystemsuchastheWSM,
theW eb-EMTandconsoleterminalbasedontheIMISH.Inaddition,thisperformsthe
functionsofinitializingandrestartingthesystem,collectingthestatisticsforprocessing
thecallandvariousperformancedata,managingthesystemcongurationandresources,
managingthestatusofthesoftwareresourcesandthehardwareresources,managing
thefailureandperformingthediagnosticsfortheoperationandthemanagementof
thesystem.

3.2.1CCBlock(MobileWiMAX)

TheCallControl(CC)blockcariesouttheresourcemanagementfunctionofthesystem
andtheBSfunctionofASNProle-CdenedinNWGofMobileWiMAXforum.TheCC
blockconsistsofRASResourceController(RRC),RASServiceController(RSC)andRAS
TrafcController(RTC)sub-blocksandthefunctionsofeachsub-blockareasfollow:

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

3-15

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

RRCastheresourcemanagerofthesystemexchangesthestatusinformationwithallblocks
andassignsappropriatesoftwareresourcestoaservicewhenitreceivesthenecessary
servicerequestfromRAS/ACR.
RSCprocessestheMACsignalingviaR1interfaceandinterworkswithACRviaR6
interface.RSCperformstheCallAdmissionControl(CAC)intheservicecreationprocess
andrequeststhetrafcchannelsetuptoRTC.Inaddition,RSCtransferstheinformationon
theinternalcontrolmessagetothemodemblockinthesystem.
RTCfragmentstheuserdatareceivedfromACRviatheR6interfaceinMACPDUformat
andtransfersthedatatothemodemblockorre-assemblestheMACPDUreceivedfroman
MSviatheR1interfaceandtransmitstoACR.Inaddition,theRTCinterworkswiththe
RSCblockcontrollingtheRASsignalandperformsthecallsetup/releaseprocedure.

Figure3.14CCBlockStructure

RRC

RASResourceController(RRC)isinchargeoftheresourcemanagementofthesystem
andisactivatedontheMMA-G.TheRRCinterfaceswithACRoutsidethesystemandthe
RSCandOAMblocksinsidethesystem.
MainfunctionsofRRCareasfollows:

•ACRKeepAlive

•RSCKeepAlive

•InterCarrierLoadBalancing

•PagingMessageTransmission

•SystemResourceManagement

RSC

TheRASServiceController(RSC)isinchargeofthesignaling-concentratedservicein
thesystem.Asforthesystemoutside,theRSCperformsthemessageexchangewithACR
viatheMobileWiMAXstandardR6interface.Asforthesysteminside,RSCinterworks
withtheRTCthatisinchargeoftrafcdataandtransmitstheinformationontheinternal
controlmessagetothemodemblock.
TheRSCperformstheMACmessageexchangedescribedinIEEE802.16withanMSand
carriesoutthecallsetupprocedurebyinterworkingwiththeRRCviathesysteminternal
message.TheRSCisactivatedonMRA.
MainfunctionsofRSCareasfollows:

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ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

•CIDCreationandRelease

•MACManagementMessageProcessing

•R6InterfaceMessageProcessing

•Handoverprocessing

•SleepModeSupportforPowerReduction

•CollectionofV ariousStatistics

•PagingRelayFunctionforMS

RTC

TheRASTrafcController(RTC)istheblocktoprocessthetrafcofthesystem.
TheRTCistheblockpertainingtothebearerplaneandislocatedasthekernelmodule
formatofthecorrespondingCPU.TheRTCperformstheR6interfaceunderIEEE802.16
standardandenablestothemodemblocktoperformtheR1interfacenormally.
TheRTCfragmentstheuserdatareceivedfromACRviatheR6interfaceinMACPDU
formatandtransfersthedatatothemodemblockorre-assemblestheMACPDUreceived
fromanMSviatheR1interfaceandtransmitstoACR.
Inaddition,theRTCinterworkswiththeRTCblockcontrollingtheRASsignalandperforms
thecallsetup/releaseprocedure.Thisprocessiscarriedoutviathememoryinterfaceinthe
RAScard(MRA).TheRTCcommunicateswiththemodemblockviathePCIinterface.
TheRTCisactivatedonMRAanditsmainfunctionsareasfollows:

•ARQfunction:ReceivestheARQfeedbackmessagefromanMSandprocessesthe
message.

•AnalyzesandprocessestheRSCcontrolmessageandperformsthequeuemanagement.

•Performsthetrafcinterfacewiththemodemblock.

•PerformstheschedulingfunctionforeachQoSclass

•DataTrafcProcessingFunction
RTCprovidesthedatapathbetweenACRandthesystemviatheR6datapath(GRE
tunnel).

•TrafcControlFunctionforHandover
Inhandover,RTCperformsthedatasynchronizationfunctionbetweenservingRAS/ACR
andtargetRAS/ACR.

3.2.2CPSBlock(TD-LTE)

TheCPSperformscallprocessingintheeNB.ItprovidesinterfacingwiththeEPC,UEand
nearbyeNBs.TheCPSconsistsoftheeNBControlprocessingSubsystem(ECS)which
isresponsiblefornetworkaccessandcallcontrolfunctions,andtheeNBDataprocessing
Subsystem(EDS)whichisresponsibleforusertrafchandling.

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

3-17

CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

ECS

TheeNBControlprocessingSubsystem(ECS)consistsoftheeNBCommonManagement
Block(ECMB),eNBCallControlBlock(ECCB),SCTPBlock(SCTB),andCPSSON
AgentBlock(CSAB)withthefollowingfunctions.

•ECMB

Figure3.15TD-L TECPSBlockStructure

–Setting/releasingcell
–Transmittingsysteminformation
–eNBloadcontrol(eNBoverloadcontrolaccordingtoCPUload)
–Accessbarringcontrol(controlofaccessbarringparameterssenttotheSIB2)
–Resourcemonitoringmanagement(monitoringcontrolforresourceswithintheeNB

suchasPRBusageandPDB)

–Cellloadinformationtransmission(actingastheinterfacefortheICICfunction,X2

loadinformationmessagetransmissionbetweeneNBs)

•ECCB

–Radioresourcemanagement
–IdletoActivestatustransition
–Enabling/changing/disablingbearers
–Paging
–MMEselection/loadbalancing
–Calladmissioncontrol
–Securityfunction
–Handovercontrol
–UEmeasurementcontrol
–Statisticsprocessing

•SCTB

–S1-Cinterfacing
–X2-Cinterfacing

•CSAB

–MobilityRobustnessoptimization
–RACHoptimization

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EDS

TheeNBDataprocessingSubsystem(EDS)consistsoftheGPRSTunnelingProtocol
Block(GTPB),PDCPControlBlock(PDCB),RadioLinkControlBlock(RLCB),and
MediumAccessControlBlock(MACB).

•GTPB

–GTPtunnelcontrol
–GTPmanagement
–GTPdatatransmission

•PDCB

–Headercompressionanddecompression:ROHConly
–Userandcontrolplanedatatransmission
–PDCPsequencenumbermaintenance
–Downlink/uplinkdataretransmissionathandover
–Cipheringanddecipheringuserdataandcontroldata
–Integrityprotectionforcontroldata
–TimerbasedPDCPSDUdiscard

3.2.3OAMBlock

•RLCB

–TransmissionforupperlayerPDU
–ARQfunctionusedforAMmodedatatransmission
–RLCSDUconcatenation,segmentationandreassembly
–Re-segmentationofRLCdataPDUs
–Insequencedelivery
–Duplicatedetection
–RLCSDUdiscard
–RLCre-establishment
–Protocolerrordetectionandrecovery

•MACB

–RLCSDUconcatenation,segmentationandreassembly
–Multiplexing&de-multiplexing
–HARQ
–Transportformatselection
–PriorityhandlingbetweenUEs
–PriorityhandlingbetweenlogicalchannelsofoneUE

OperationAndMaintenance(OAM)blockmanagestheoperationandmaintenanceofthe
system,anditisdividedasthethreeshownbelow:

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CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

ThefollowinginterfacestructurediagramshowsthecommunicationbetweenOAMblocks.
MainOAMandEMIarerunningontheMMA–GthatsupportmasterOAM.BoardOAMis
runningontheremaininglowerprocessorboard.

Figure3.16OAMSoftwareStructure

Figure3.17InterfacebetweenOAMBlocks

TheEMIcarriesoutSNMPagentandwebserverfunction,andprovidestheOAMinterface
betweenthemanagementsystem(WSM,Web-EMTandCLITerminal)andthesystemby
providingtheIMISH.Then,toaccessthesystemdirectlyviatheW eb-EMTortheconsole
terminal,theprocessoftheoperatorauthenticationandtheauthorityallowanceviathe
WebEMTorPluggableAuthenticationModule(PAM)blockshouldbedone.

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TheMainOAMislocatedinthemainprocessor .TheMainOAMcommunicateswith
theuppermanagementsystembyinterworkingwiththeEMIblockanddistributesthe
ProgrammableLoadingData(PLD)tothelowerprocessorsbymanagingthesystem
congurationastheformatofthePLD.Inaddition,theMainOAMperformsandmanages
theroleoftheImageServer(IS)andtheRegistrationServer(RS),collectsandsavesthe
statisticsdataandthefailureinformation,andreportsthemtotheuppermanagementsystem.
TheBoardOAMislocatedinthelowerprocessor.TheBoardOAMcollectsthefailure
andthestatisticsdataofeachboard,reportsthemtotheMainOAMandmonitorsthe
softwareprocessofeachboard.
Functionaldetailsofeachblockareasfollows.

SNMPD

SNMPDaemon(SNMPD)playstheSNMPagentroletosupportthestandardSNMP
(SNMPv2c/SNMPv3)andaninterfacerolefortheuppermanagementsystem(WSM)and
interworkswithinternalsubagent.WhilereceivingrequestsonthestandardMIBobject
fromWSMareprocessedbySNMPDitself,ittransmitsrequestsontheprivateMIBobject
tosubagentinordertobehandledproperly.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•StandardMIBprocessing
IftherequestforthestandardMIBobjectsuchasMIB-IIetc.isreceived,theSNMPD
processesitdirectlyandtransmitstheresponse.

•PrivateMIBprocessing
IftherequestforthePrivateMIBobjectisreceived,itisnotprocesseddirectlyby
theSNMPD,butitistransmittedtothecorrespondinginternalsubagent,andthenthe
responseistransmittedfromthesubagentanditistransmittedtothemanager.

SNMPDisimplementedontheMMA-G.

OAGS

CommonSNMPAgentSubagent(OAGS)playstheSNMPsubagentroletosupportthe
standardSNMP(SNMPv2c/SNMPv3).
Also,throughmasteragent(SNMPD)OAGSplaysaninterfacerolefortheupper
managementsystemforthecommandinquiryandchangeofACRtobeoperatedthrough
theget/get-next/get-bulk/set/trapcommanddenedbySNMP .
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•ProvidingprivateMIB

–ProvideprivateMIBtothemanagementsystem.
–GeneratethemessagedatalenecessaryfortheinterfacefunctionbetweenOAM

blocks.

•SNMPcommandprocessing
Processthecommandreceivedfromthemanagementsystemandtransmitthe
correspondingresultviatheSNMPD.

•Noticationfunction
SendtheSNMPtraptomasteragent(SNMPD)wheneverthereareneedstoinformthe
changeorthealarmofthesystemdatatotheuppermanagementsystem.

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CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

OAGSisimplementedontheMMA-G.

WebEMT

TheW eb-basedElementMaintenanceTerminal(WebEMT)istheblocktointerfacewith
theW ebclientoftheconsoleterminalwhichusestheW ebbrowser,andperformstherole
oftheW ebserver.BothWeb-EMTandthesystemsupporttheHTTPcommunications
basedontheSecureSocketsLayer(SSL).
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•Webserverfunction

•OAMblockinterface

WebEMTisimplementedontheMMA-G.

–HTTPserverforthemanagementusingW eb-EMT
–ReceivehtmlrequestsanddisplayHTMLpages

–ProcesscommandsfromWeb-EMTinteroperatingwithotherOAMblocks
–UsermanagementviaOAMAAAserver

CLIM

TheCommandLineInterfaceManagement(CLIM)istheblocktointerfacewiththeIMISH,
whenitisconnectedtotheconsoleterminalviatheSecureShell(SSH)method.TheCLIM
processesthereceivedcommandviatheIMISHanddisplaysthecorrespondingresult.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•IMISHcommandprocessing

–Setup/change/inquiryofinterfaceandroutingfunctions
–Setup/change/inquiryofthesystemoperation&maintenance

PAM

ThePluggableAuthenticationModule(P AM)receivestheaccountandthepasswordofthe
operatorwhousestheconsoleterminal(IMISHandW eb-EMT)whenloggingin,thusit
performtheoperatorauthenticationandtheprocessofallowingtheauthority.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•Operator’saccountmanagementandauthentication
Thefunctionofmanagingandauthenticatingtheaccountoftheoperatorwhousesthe
consoleterminal(IMISHandW eb-EMT)isperformed.

•Operator’sauthoritymanagement
Thefunctionofallowingtheauthorityforallthecommandswhichtheoperatorcan
performisperformed.

•Passwordmanagement
Managementfunctionssuchascreatingtheoperator’spassword,savingandupdatingthe
encryptionareperformed.

PAMisimplementedontheMMA-G.

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UFM

UniversalFaultManagement(UFM)managestheACRfaultsandthestatusofsoftware
andhardware.UFMinformsthedetectedfailurestotheuppermanagementsystemby
thelteringfunction,andappliestheseveritychangesandthethresholdtothefault
managementsystem.Inparticular,theUFMreceivesToDfromaGlobalPositioningSystem
(GPS)signalreceiver,distributesthereceivedToDtoCCsoftwareforcallprocessing,and
managesfaultsconcernedwiththeToD.
TheUFMisimplementedonMMA–Gandalllowerboards.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•FailureManagement

–Hardwareandsoftwarefailuremanagementbyinterruptandpolling
–Whenthefailureisdetected,itisreportedtothemanagementsystemandtherelated

block.

•StatusManagement

–Statusmanagementforthecomponents
–Whenthestatusinformationoftheresourceischanged,itisreportedtothe

managementsystemandtherelatedblock.

•Failurelteringandinhibition

–Thelteringfunctionisappliedtomanykindsoftheoccurredfailure,andonlythe

failureoftheoriginalreasonisreported.

–Functionofinhibitingreportingaspecickindoffailureoraspecicsystemaccording

totheoperator’srequest

•Inquiringandchangingthefailurecongurationinformation
Inquiringandchangingtheparameterssuchasthefailureseverityandthethreshold
forthegeneration

•Failureaudit
Auditingthefailureisperformedwheninitializingandrestartingthesystemandwhenthe
operatorrequeststominimizetheinconsistencyofthefailureinformationbetweenthe
systemandtheuppermanagementsystem.

•Failurehistoryinformationmanagementandsave

•Callfaultreporting
Incaseofthecallfault,therelatedinformation(callstatus,errorcode,MSinformation,
etc.)iscollectedandreportedtothemanagementsystem.

•DDInterface
TheinterfacebetweenDDandapplicationsisprovidedforstatisticsandstatus
managementofdevices.

Loader

LoadermanagestheentireprocessfromthestartofOStothepreviousstepofULMrunning
(pre-loading).Afterthat,ifULMisactuatedaftertheinitializationscriptisexecutedandthe
registrationandloadingfunctionisperformed,theloadermonitorstheULMblock.Loader
isimplementedonMMA-Gandalllowerboards.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

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CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

•Systemtimesetting

•systemregistrationandloading

•BackingupandrestoringthesoftwareimageandthePLD

•ULMmonitoring

BeforeNTP-basedsynchronization,thesystemtimeissetbyreceivingtheTimeof
Date(ToD)fromaGPSreceiver.

–RegistrationofthesystemtotheRegistrationServer(RS)
–Determinationoftheloadingmethod

•Loadingasthelatestversionviatheversioncomparison:Loadingviatheown
non-volatilestorageorviatheremoteIS

•Loadingviatheconsoleport(atthistime,omittingtheregistrationofthesystemto
theRS)

LoadersavesthesoftwareimageandthePLDofthelatestversioninitsownnonvolatile
storageandrestoresitasthecorrespondinginformationwhenrequired.
(IncaseofPLD,back-upbyoperator’scommand)

LoadermonitorswhethertheULMblockoperatesnormallyandifitisabnormal,this
restartsit.

ULM

UniversalLoadingManagement(ULM)downloadsandexecutesthepackagesthatare
identiedinthelelistdownloadedbyloaderduringpre-loadingprocess.Also,ULM
monitorstheexecutedsoftwareandprovidestherunningsoftwareinformation,andsupports
therestartandthesoftwareupgradebythecommand.Inaddition,intheinitializationstage,
ULMsetsthesystemtimebyusingtheTimeofDateinformationobtainedfromaGPS
receiverandperiodicallyperformsthesynchronizationwiththeNTPserverbyactuatingas
anNTPclientaftertheloadingiscompleted.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•Systeminitializationandreset

–Systemresetbycommand
–ActasinternalRS&ISoflowerboard

•Softwaremanagement

–Monitortheoperationofsoftwareblockandrestartthesoftwareblockinabnormalstate
–Softwarerestartbycommand
–Provideinformationonsoftwareblockandthestatus

•InventoryManagement

–ULMprovidestheinformationsuchasthesoftwareversionforthecomponents,the

PBAID,thePBAversionandtheserialnumber,etc.

–Functionofreportingtheinventoryinformationwhenperformingtheinitialization,

addingandextendingthecomponents

•Onlineupgradeandversionmanagementforthesoftware
ULMprovidesthefunctionsofupdatingthesoftwareandthermware,upgradingthe
packageandmanagingtheversion.

•Systemtimeinformationsynchronization

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SynchronizesystemtimeinformationwithNTPserverasaNTPclientandtransmit
thetimeinformationtothelowerboards

•TimeZonesetup
SetupTimeZoneandDaylightSavingTime(DST)

•Mortemtimeupdate
Setupmortemtimeaftersystemtimeinformationsynchronization

ULMisimplementedonMMA-Gandalllowerboards.

OPM

CommonPerformanceManagement(OPM)collectsandprovidestheperformancedatafor
theuppermanagementsystemoperatortoknowthesystemperformance.TheOPMcollects
theeventgeneratedduringthesystemoperationandtheperformancedataandtransmits
themtothemanagementsystem.Thecollectioncycleofthestatisticsdataoftheactual
OPMcanbesetas15minutes,30minutes,60minutes,andiftheentirestatisticsleofthe
binaryformatiscreatedevery15minutes,themanagementsystemcollectsitperiodically
viatheFTP/SFTP .
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•Recordandcollectstatisticsdata
Recordstatisticsdatatothememoryandgeneratethestatisticslebyregularlycollecting
datapereachboard

•Savethestatisticsdata
Savethestatisticsdataofeachboardinitsownnonvolatilestorageduringuptoeight
hours

•Inquireandchangethestatisticscongurationinformation
Inquireandchangethecollectioncycle(BI)andthethresholdofthestatisticsdata

•ThresholdCrossAlert(TCA)
GeneratetheTCA(Critical,Major,Minor)accordingtothedenedthresholdinevery
collectioncycleandreportittotheUFM

•Monitorthestatisticsinrealtime
Providethereal-timemonitoringfunctionforthespecicstatisticsitemdesignatedbythe
operator

OPMisimplementedonMMA-Gandalllowerboards.

OSSM

CommonSubscriptionServiceManagement(OSSM)distributesthePLDdatanecessary
forthesoftwareblocks,andreportsthedatachangedtothecorrespondingsoftwareblock
ifPLDdataarechanged.Also,itsupportsthefunctiontomaintaintheconsistencyof
PLDdatathatarescatteredinthesystem.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•PLDdistribution
OSSMloadsPLDtothesharedmemoryforsoftwareblockinordertoaccessPLD

•PLDchangereport
ReportthechangesofPLDtothecorrespondingsoftwareblock

•PLDaudit

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CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

OSSMisimplementedontheMMA-Gandalllowerboards.

OER/OEV

TheCommonEventRouter(OER)/CommonEventViewer(OEV)managestheevent
historyasthetextformat.TheOER/OEVtransmitstheinformationonalltheevents
receivedfromtheOAMapplicationstotherelatedagent(OAGS,WebEMT),andcreates
andsavesthehistoryleofthedaily/hourlyevents,anddisplaysthelogcontentsonthe
operatorwindow(IMISH)inrealtime.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•Eventtransmission

•Creatingandsavingtheeventhistoryle

•Eventdisplay

MaintaintheconsistencyofPLDswhicharedistributedinthesystem(betweenmain
boardandlowerboards)

OER/OEVtransmitstheinformationonthegeneratedeventtotheOAGSortheWebEMT
block,thusitenablestoreportittothemanagementsystem.

OER/OEVcreatesandsavesthedaily/hourlyeventhistoryleinitsownnonvolatile
storageasthe1Mbytemaximumsize.

OER/OEVdisplaystheeventgeneratedinthesystemontheoperatorwindow(IMISH)in
realtime.

OER/OEVisimplementedontheMMA-G.

OCM

CommonCongurationManagement(OCM)managesthesystemcongurationand
parameterwithPLD,anditprovidesthedatathatarenecessaryforthesoftwareblocks.
OthersoftwareblockscanapproachPLDbytheinternalsubscriptionservice(OSSM),and
throughthecommandfromEMI.
OCMprovidesthefollowingfunctions:systemcongurationgrow/degrow ,inquiryand
changeofcongurationdataandoperationalparameters.
OCMisimplementedontheMMA-G.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•Systemcongurationmanagement
ManagethesystemcongurationwithPLD

•PLDinquiryandchange

–UppermanagementsysteminquiresandchangesPLDbycommand
–PLDchangesareupdatedinitsownnonvolatilestoragebyoperator’scommand.

•PLDaudit
FortheconsistentPLDdatawiththeuppermanagementsystem

•Grow/degrowofresources
Link,board,carrierandsectorinthesystem

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RDM

TheRASDiagnosisManagement(RDM)checksifinternalandexternalconnectionpaths
orresourcesofthesystemarenormal.Theconnectionpathsareroughlydividedintothe
externalpathbetweenthesysteminternalIPCpathandanotherNEandthepathbetween
ACRandthesystem.
Inaddition,itsupportstheon-demandtestattherequestofanoperatorandtheperiodical
testaccordingtothescheduledenedbytheoperator.
TheRDMisimplementedontheMMA-G.
MainFunctionsareasfollows:

•PathTest

–Internalpathtest:PingtestfortheIPCpathoftheboardlevelinNE
–Externalpathtest:Traceroutetestforexternalhosts
–Trafcpathtest:TestfortheUDPmessage-basedbearerpathbetweenACRandthe

system

•SoftwareBlockTest
Pingtestformainprogramsbyprocessors

•RFExchangeTest
RSSI-basedRxpath,TxpowerandVSWRdiagnosis

•DU-RRHLoopbackTest
Supportofloopbackfunctionfor‘DigitalI/QandC&M’interface

•Backhaulperformancemonitoringtest
Quality(packetloss,delayanddelayvariance)measurementforbackhaulbetweenACR
andthesystem

•Periodicalonlinetestbytheoperatorsetting

•ChangeoftheDiagnosisSchedule
Schedulesetup,suchasdiagnosisperiod,starttimeandendtimeofperiodicalonlinetest

•SupportofCallTraceFunction
Itreportsthecalltraceinformation(signalingmessageofaspecicMS,RFparameter,
andtrafcstatistics)tothemanagementsystemviaSNMPD.

•VirtualInterface(VIF)generationandremoval
GenerateandremoveVIFbasedonphysicallinkcongurationinPLD

•VIFstatemanagement
ChangethestateofphysicalVIFwithlinkfailure

•RFModuleSetupandControl
TransmissionofthesetupinformationrequiredfortheRFmodule,andmanagementof
failure/status

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CHAPTER3.SystemStructure

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-L TEFlexibleSystemDescription

CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

4.1CallProcessingMessageFlow(WiMAX)

4.1.1InitialEntry

BelowistheprocedurethatsetsupaprovisionedServiceFlow(SF)inthenetwork-initiated
DynamicServiceAdd(DSA)modeduringtheinitialnetworkentryprocedure.
Intheinitialentryprocedure,theMSperiodicallyreceivesDownlinkChannelDescriptor
(DCD),Downlink-MAP(DL-MAP),UplinkChannelDescriptor(UCD),andUplink-MAP
(UL-MAP)messagesfromtheRAS,obtainsthedownlinkchannelsynchronizationand
uplinkparameters,andsetsaprovisionedSFconnection.

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

Figure4.1InitialEntryProcedure

CategoryDescription

(1)~(2)TheMSsendstheRAStheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress

andRangingPurposeIndicationoftheMS.TheRASassignstheBasic&Primary

ManagementCIDandsendstheRNG-RSPmessagetotheMS.

(3)~(4)TheMSsendstheRAStheSBC-REQmessagecontainingthephysicalparameter

andauthorizationpolicyinformationtheMSsupports.T orequesttheauthorization

policy,theRASsendstheACRtheMS_PreAttachment_Reqmessagecontaining

theauthorizationpolicysupportvalueusingthedefaultIPaddressandUDPport

numberoftheACR.

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CategoryDescription

(5)~(7)TheACRsendstheRAStheMS_PreAttachment_Rspmessagecontainingthe

supportedauthorizationpolicy.TheRASextractstheinformationreceivedfromthe

ACRandsendstheMStheSBC-RSPmessagecontainingit.ThentheRASsends

theACRtheMS_PreAttachment_Ackmessagetoexplicitlyprovidenoticationof

thestarttimeofthenextprocedure(EAPtransmission).

(8)ThesubscriberauthenticationprocedureisperformedbetweentheMSandAAA

server.Whentheauthenticationissuccessful,theACRreceivesprovisionedpolicy

informationforeachsubscriberfromtheAAAserver.

Formoreinformation,see’A

(9)~(13)TheMSsendstheRAStheREG-REQmessagecontainingtheregistration

information(MSCapabilities,CSCapabilities,HOSupport,etc.).TheRASsends

theACRtheMS_Attachment_ReqmessagetoinquireaboutMSCapabilitiesand

CSCapabilities.TheACRsendstheRASaresponsecontainingtheresultforthe

requestedregistrationinformation.TheRASsendstheMStheREG-RSPmessage.

TheRASsendstheACRtheMS_Attachment_Ackmessagetoexplicitlyprovide

noticationofthestarttimeofthenextprocedure.

u t h e n t i c a t i o n ’.

(14)~(19)T orequestDSAforPre-ProvisionedSF ,theACRsendstheRASthePath

RegistrationRequestmessagecontainingtheSFIDeld,ResourceDescription

eld(SF/CSparameter),andDataPathID(=GREKey)eldforsettingadatapath

withtheRAS.TheRASreceivesthismessage,performsadmissioncontrol,and

thensendstheMStheDSA-REQmessage.TheMSsendstheRAStheDSA-RSP

messagecontainingtheconrmationcodeastheresultoftheDSA-REQmessage.

TheRASsendstheACRthePathRegistrationResponsemessagecontainingthe

datapathIDtosetadatapathwiththeACR.TheACRsendstheRASthePath

RegistrationConrmmessage.TheRASsendstheMStheDSA-ACKmessage.

(20)~(25)ThisprocedureisusedtoassignanIPaddresstotheMSwhenitusesPMIP .Ifthe

MSrequeststheDHCPproceduretoobtainanIPaddress,theACRperformsthe

PMIPprocedure.

(26)~(33)ThisistheprocedureforallocatinganIPaddresstotheMSthatusesthesimpleIP

method.

IftheMSrequeststheDHCPproceduretoreceiveanallocatedIPaddress,theACR

allocatestheSimpleIPaddresstotheMSusingthebuilt-inDHCPserverfunctions.

Asanoption,theACRsupportstheDHCPRelayAgentfunction,which

interoperateswiththeexternalDHCPserver.

(34)~(35)TheACRnotiestheAAAserverthatthesessionhasstartedusingAAAinterface

protocol.

4.1.2Authentication

DuringInitialEntry

ThegurebelowshowstheMSauthenticationprocedureduringthe’InitialEntry’
procedure,asdescribedabove.

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

Figure4.2AuthenticationProcedure(DuringInitialEntry)

CategoryDescription

(0)~(2)WhenreceivingtheMS_PreAttachment_AckmessagefromtheRASasaresponse

totheSBC-RSPmessage,theACRsendstheRAStheAuthRelay-EAP-Transfer

messagecontainingtheEAPRequest/IdentitypayloadtobeginEAPauthentication.

TheRASrelaysthereceivedEAPpayloadtotheMSusingthePKMv2

EAP-Transfer/PKM-RSPmessage.

(3)~(5)TheMSincludestheNAIintheEAPResponse/IdentityandsendstheRAS

thePKMv2EAP-Transfer/PKM-REQmessage.TheRASrelaysthereceived

informationtotheACRusingtheAuthRelay-EAP-Transfermessage.ACR

exchangestheauthenticationmessageincludingEAPpacketusingdenedAAA

interfaceprotocol.

(6)~(11)InaccordancewiththeEAPmethod,thesubscriberauthenticationprocedureis

performedbetweentheMSandAAAserver .ACRexchangestheauthentication

messageincludingEAPpacketusingdenedAAAinterfaceprotocol.

(12)~(16)Whentheauthenticationissuccessfullycompleted,theACRreceivestheMaster

SessionKey(MSK)thatistheupperkeytoprovidesecurityandprovisioned

policyinformationpersubscriberfromtheAAAserverusingdenedAAA

interfaceprotocol.TheACRcreatesanAKfromtheMSKandsendstheRASthe

Key_Change_DirectivemessagecontainingthecreatedAKContextinformation

andSecurityAssociation(SA)informationoftheMS.Moreover,theRAS

communicatesEAPSuccesstotheMSusingthePKMv2-EAP-Transfermessage.

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CategoryDescription

(17)~(19)AfterEAPauthentication,theRASsendstheMStheSA-TEK-Challengemessage

toverifytheAKkeyvalueoftheMSandnotifythestartofSAnegotiation.TheMS

veriestheCMACoftheSA-TEK-Challengemessage,veriestheAKkeyvalue,

andthensendstheRAStheSAnegotiationinformationusingtheSA-TEK-Request.

TheRASsendstheMStheSA-TEK-Responsemessagecontainingnotonlythe

AKIDbutalsotheSADescriptor,whichisthenalSAnegotiationresult.

(20)~(21)TheMSrequestsaTrafcEncryptionKey(TEK)fromtheRASusingthePKMv2

Key-Requestmessage.TheRAScreatesaTEKrandomlyandsendsittotheMS

usingthePKMv2Key-Replymessage.Atthistime,theTEKissentencrypted,with

aKeyEncryptionKey(KEK).

TypesandUsesofKeys

Thetypesandusesofkeysareasfollows:

–MSK:UsedtocreateanAK

–AK:UsedtocreateaCMACkey

–KEK:UsedtoencryptaTEK

–CMACkey:UsedtoprovideintegrityfortheMACmanagementmessage

–TEK:Usedtoencrypttrafcintheairsection

DuringAuthenticatorRelocation

WhentheMSperformsCSN-anchoredHandover(HO)ortheMSinIdlemodemovesto
anotherACR’sareaandperformslocationupdate,thefollowingreauthenticationprocedure
isperformedtomovetheauthenticatorfromtheexistingservingACRtothetargetACR.
WhenthetargetACRtriggerstheMStoperformtheEAPauthenticationprocedure
againwiththeAAAserverandnotiestheservingACRoftheauthenticationresult,the
authenticatorrelocationprocedurenishes.

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

4.1.3StateTransition

Figure4.3AuthenticationProcedure(DuringAuthenticatorRelocation)

CategoryDescription

(1)~(2)TheT-ACR,whichisthenewauthenticator ,exchangestheRelocationNotify/Ack

messagewiththeS-ACR,whichisthepreviousauthenticator ,torelocatethe

authenticatorbyperformingthereauthenticationprocedure.

(3)~(11)Thereauthenticationprocedureisperformedinthetargetareainthesamewayas

theauthenticationprocedureduringinitialentry .

(12)~(13)TheRASsendstheT-ACR,whichistheauthenticator,theKeyChangeConrm

messagetoindicatethatthereauthenticationprocedurewiththeMShasnished.

(14)~(15)TheT-ACRexchangestheRelocationConrm/AckmessagewiththeS-ACRto

completetheauthenticatorrelocationprocedure.

(16)~(17)Afterauthenticatorrelocation,thenewauthenticatornotiestheanchorthatthe

authenticatorhaschangedusingtheContextRptprocedure.

AwakeMode→IdleMode(MS-Initiated)

Ifthereisnotrafctransmissionforaspecicperiodoftime,theMStransitsfromA wake
modetoIdlemode.

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

SleepMode→IdleModeTransition

TheMSinSleepmodedoesnotdirectlytransittoIdlemode.Thisisbecause,before

theMStransitsfromSleepmodetoIdlemode,itrsttransitstoAwakemodeand

requestsDREGbeforetransitingtoIdlemode.

ThederegistrationprocedurefortransitingtoIdlemodeisdividedintoMS-initiatedIdle
modetransitionandNetwork-initiatedIdlemodetransition.Thegurebelowshowsthe
MS-initiatedidlemodetransitionprocedure.

Figure4.4AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure(MS-Initiated)

CategoryDescription

(1)WhentheMStransitstoIdlemode,itcreatestheDREG-REQmessageandsendsit

totheRAS.TheDe-RegistrationRequestCodeeldvalueissetto0x01.

(2)~(5)TheRAScreatestheIM_Entry_State_Change_Reqmessagecontainingthecontext

informationoftheMSandsendsittotheACR(pagingcontroller).TheACRcreates

theIM_Entry_State_Change_RspmessagecontainingActionCode(0×05),paging

information(P AGING_CYCLE,PAGING_OFFSET),andIdleModeRetainagand

sendsittotheRAS.TheRASsendstheMStheDREG-CMDmessagecontaining

theinformationreceived.

(6)~(8)IfnonetworkreentryrequestisreceivedfromtheMSuntiltheIdleResourceRetain

timerexpires,theRASperformstheDataPath(DP)ReleaseprocedurewiththeACR.

(9)~(10)WhentheIdleModeNoticationfunctionisavailable,Ifthefunctionison,the

accountinginformationisupdatedusingtheR3AAAinterfaceaccountingmessage

AwakeMode→IdleMode(Network-Initiated)

ThegurebelowshowstheNetwork-initiatedidlemodetransitionprocedure.

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

Figure4.5AwakeMode→IdleModeStateTransitionProcedure(Network-Initiated)

CategoryDescription

(1)~(3)IftheDormanttimerexpires,theRAScreatestheIM_Entry_State_Change_Req

messagecontainingthecontextinformationfortheMSandsendsittotheACR

(PagingController).TheACRcreatestheIM_Entry_State_Change_Rspmessage

containingpaginginformation(P AGING_CYCLE,PAGING_OFFSET)andIdleMode

RetainandsendsittotheRAS.Atthistime,theIdleModeRetaininfoissetto0x7F.

TheRASsendstheMStheDREG-CMDmessagecontainingtheinformationreceived.

(4)TheMSsendstheBStheDREG-REQmessageandsetstheDe-Registration_Re-

quest_Codeeldvalueto0x02.

(6)~(8)Ifnonetworkre-entryrequestisreceivedfromtheMSuntiltheIdleResourceRetain

timerexpires,theRASperformstheDataPath(DP)ReleaseprocedurewiththeACR.

(9)~(10)WhentheIdleModeNoticationfunctionisavailable,Ifthefunctionison,the

accountinginformationisupdatedusingtheR3AAAinterfaceaccountingmessage

AwakeMode→SleepMode

OnlytheRAScanrecognizewhethertheMSisinAwakeorSleepmode.TheACR
recognizesbothstatesasA wakemoderegardlessofwhichmodetheMSisactuallyin.

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ⓒSAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

Figure4.6AwakeMode→SleepModeStateTransitionProcedure

CategoryDescription

(1)~(2)Ifthereisnodatatransmissionforaspecicperiodoftime(setbytheMS/RASusing

aparameter)intheMS,itstimeristimedout,andtheMStransitsfromAwakemode

toSleepmode.Atthistime,theMSsendstheMOB_SLP-REQmessagetotheRAS.

TheRASsendstheMStheMOB_SLP-RSPmessageasaresponse,andthenthe

MStransitstoSleepmode.

(3)~(4)IfincomingtrafcoccursfortheMSinSleepmode,theRASsendstheMSthe

MOB_TRF-INDmessageatthelisteningcycleoftheMS.Whenreceivingthis

message,theMSsendstheRAStheULBWRequestmessageinwhichtheBW

valueissetto0.Whenreceivingthismessage,theRASrecognizesthattheMShas

transitedtoAwakemodeandsendstrafctotheMS.

IdleMode→AwakeMode(QCS)

WhentheMSinIdlemoderespondstoapagingcausedbyincomingtrafcorwhentheMS
inIdlemodesendstrafc,ittransitsfromIdlemodetoAwakemode.
Forbothcases,theMShastoperformanetworkre-entryproceduretoenterA wakeMode.
TheMobileWiMAXsystemshouldconsidertheQCSprocedureasanetworkre-entry
methodbydefault.
Thegurebelowshowstheprocedure(QCS)inwhichIdlemodeischangedtoA wakemode
duringnetworkre-entry.

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

CategoryDescription

Figure4.7IdleMode→AwakeModeStateTransitionProcedure(QCS)

(1)WhentheMStransitsfromIdlemodetoAwakemode,itcreatestheRNG-REQ

messagecontainingtheMACaddressandPagingControllerIDandsendsitto

theRAS.

Atthistime,theRangingPurposeIndicationeldvalueissetto0x00(=Network

Reentry).

(2)~(3)TheRAScreatestheIMExitStateChangeRequestmessagecontainingthe

parametervaluecontainedinthereceivedRNG-REQmessage,andsendsittothe

ACR.AftertheACRcheckstheIdlemodestateinformationfortheMS,toperform

theQCSprocedure,theACRsendstheRAStheIMExitStateChangeResponse

messagecontainingtheIdleModeRetaininformationandtheAKContextinformation

forCMACauthentication,etc.

(4)~(5)Tosetadatapath(UL)withtheACR,theRASsendstheACRthePathRegistration

Requestmessagecontainingthedatapathinformation,suchastheGREkey.As

aresponse(DL)tothismessage,theACRsendstheRASthePathRegistration

Responsemessagecontainingthedatapathinformation,suchastheGREkey .

(6)TheRASrespondswiththeRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheHOOptimizationag

andtherelatedCID_UpdateandSA-TEK_UpdateinformationforQCS.

(7)~(8)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenewCMAC_KEY_COUNT

valueupdatedbytheMS.

(9)TheRASnotiestheACRofthedatapathsetupresultusingthePathRegistration

Ackmessage.

(10)WhenreceivingtheRNG-RSPmessage,theMSsendstheBWRequestHeaderto

notifythesystemthatithastransitedtoAwakemode.

(11)~(12)WhentheIdleModeNoticationfunctionisavailable,Ifthefunctionison,the

accountinginformationisupdatedusingtheR3AAAinterfaceaccountingmessage

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4.1.4LocationUpdate

Inter-RASLocationUpdate

ThegurebelowshowsthelocationupdateprocedureperformedwhentheMSmoves
toanotherpaginggroupinthesameACR.

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

IdleMode→AwakeModeTransition

FortheprocedureusedwhentheMStransitsfromIdlemodetoAwakemode

becauseofapaging,referto‘Paging’section.

Figure4.8Inter-RASLocationUpdateProcedure

CategoryDescription

(1)WhentheMSinIdlemodemovesfrompaginggroup1topaginggroup2,itreceives

thePAG-ADVmessageandthusrecognizesthatitslocationhaschanged.

(2)~(3)Torequestthelocationupdate,theMSsendsthenewRAS(RAS2)theRNG-REQ

messagecontainingtheMACaddress,LocationUpdateRequest,andPaging

ControllerID.ThenRAS2sendstheLocationUpdateRequestmessagetotheACR.

(4)~(5)TheACRsendsRAS2theLocationUpdateResponsemessagecontainingpaging

information,AKContextinformation,etc.TheRAS2checksthevalidityoftheCMAC,

andthensendstheMStheRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheLUResponse.

(6)~(7)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenewCMAC_KEY_COUNT

valueupdatedbytheMS.

(8)TheACRsendstheLUConrmmessagetoprovidenoticationthatthelocation

updateprocedurehasnished.

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

Inter-ACRLocationUpdate(AnchorRelocation)-PMIP

ThegurebelowshowsthelocationupdateprocedureperformedwhentheMSmovesto
anotherACR’sarea.

Figure4.9Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(PMIP)

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

CategoryDescription

(1)~(2)Whenthepaginggroupchanges,theMSsendstheRNG-REQmessagecontaining

theMACaddress,locationupdaterequest,pagingcontrollerIDtothenewT-RAS

(TargetRAS)torequestalocationupdate.TheT-RASsendsitsdefaultACRthe

LocationUpdateRequestmessagecontainingthepagingcontrollerID.

(3)~(5)IfthereceivedpagingcontrollerIDbelongstotheT-ACR(T argetACR),itsends

theLocationUpdateRequestmessagetothepreviousS-ACR(ServingACR)via

theR4interfacetochangethepagingcontroller .Atthistime,theAPCRelocation

DestinationvalueintheLocationUpdateRequestmessageissettothepaging

controllerIDoftheT-ACR.

TheS-ACRrespondswiththeLocationUpdateResponsethatindicateswhetherto

acceptthepagingcontrollerrelocationandthecontextinformationfortheMS.

(6),

(11)~(12)

WhenreceivingtheLocationUpdateResponsemessage,theT-RASsendstheMS

theRNG-RSPmessagecontaining‘LUResponse=Success’andsendstheLU

ConrmmessagetoconrmthatthepagingcontrollerhaschangedtotheT-ACR.

(7)~(10)TheT-RASnotiestheS-ACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenew

CMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.

(13)~(16)Afterthelocationupdateconrmation,theT-ACRnotiestheFA(DPF)and

authenticator,whicharestilllocatedintheS-ACR,thatthepagingcontrollerhas

changed.

(17)TheT-ACRsendstheS-ACRanauthenticatorrelocationrequestfortheMS.

(18)~(20)WhentheS-ACRacceptstheauthenticatorrelocationrequestreceivedfromthe

T-ACR,theT-ACRrequeststhattheMSperformpagingtotriggertherelocation.

(21)~(36)WhenreceivingtheMOB_P AG-ADVmessage,theMSperformstheQCSprocedure,

anetworkreentryprocedure,withthenetwork.

(37)~(39)ThisistheprocedureforrelocatingtheauthenticatorfromtheS-ACRtotheT-ACR.

TheT-ACRtriggerstheMStoperformtheEAPauthenticationprocedureagainwith

theAAAserverandnotiestheS-ACRoftheauthenticationresulttocomplete

theauthenticatorrelocationprocedure.

(40)~(41)TheT-ACRsendstheS-ACRanAnchorDPFrelocationrequestfortheMS.

(42)~(43)WhentheMSusesPMIP ,theT-ACR,inplaceoftheMS,registersMIPtotheHA.

(44)~(45)IftheanchorDPFrelocationhasnishedsuccessfully,theS-ACRreleasesthe

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

existingconnectionstotheAAAserverandHA.

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

Inter-ACRLocationUpdate(AnchorRelocation)-SimpleIP

Figure4.10Inter-ACRLocationUpdateProcedure(SimpleIP)

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

CategoryDescription

(1)~(2)Whenthepaginggroupchanges,theMSsendstheRNG-REQmessagecontaining

theMACaddress,locationupdaterequest,pagingcontrollerIDtothenewT-RAS

(TargetRAS)torequestalocationupdate.TheT-RASsendsitsdefaultACRthe

LocationUpdateRequestmessagecontainingthepagingcontrollerID.

(3)~(5)IfthereceivedpagingcontrollerIDbelongstotheT-ACR(T argetACR),itsends

theLocationUpdateRequestmessagetothepreviousS-ACR(ServingACR)via

theR4interfacetochangethepagingcontroller .Atthistime,theAPCRelocation

DestinationvalueintheLocationUpdateRequestmessageissettothepaging

controllerIDoftheT-ACR.

TheS-ACRrespondswiththeLocationUpdateResponsethatindicateswhetherto

acceptthepagingcontrollerrelocationandthecontextinformationfortheMS.

(6)WhentheT-RASreceivestheLocationUpdateResponsemessage,itsendstheMS

anRNG-RSPmessagewith’LUResponse’setto’Fail’.

(7)~(8)TheLUConrmmessageissenttonotifythatthepagingcontrollerismaintained

intheS-ACR.

(9)~(14)TheMSperformsidlemodeexitwiththeS-ACR,andtheS-ACRinducesfullnetwork

re-entryintheMS.

(15)~(31)TheMSperformsnetworkre-entrywiththeT-ACR

(32)~(39)ThisistheprocedureforallocatinganIPaddresstotheMSthatusesthesimpleIP

method.

IftheMSrequeststheDHCPproceduretoreceiveanallocatedIPaddress,theACR

allocatestheSimpleIPaddresstotheMSusingthebuilt-inDHCPserverfunctions.

Asanoption,theACRsupportstheDHCPRelayAgentfunction,whichinteroperates

withtheexternalDHCPserver.

(40)~(41)TheT-ACRnotiestheAAAserverthatthesessionhasstartedusingAAAinterface

protocol.

Inter-ASNLocationUpdate

Theprocedureforinter-ASNlocationupdateisthesameasforinter-ACRlocationupdate.

4.1.5Paging

Pagingcanbedividedintothefollowingtwotypes:

•ByperiodicallybroadcastingtheMOB_PAG-ADVmessage,theRASnotiestheMS
ofthecorrespondingpaginggroup.Basedonthepaginginformation(PagingCycle,
PagingOffset,andPGID)receivedfromthesystemwhentheMStransitstoIdlemode,
theMScheckswhetheritspaginggrouphaschangedbyperiodicallycheckingthe
MOB_PAG-ADVmessage.

•WhentheACRhastrafctosendtotheMSinIdlemode,ittriggerstheMOB_PAG-ADV
totheRAStotransittheMStoA wakemode.

ThegurebelowshowstheprocedureforperformingpagingtotheMSinIdlemode.

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

CategoryDescription

(1)~(2)IftheMSisinIdlemodewhenreceivingapacketthatwillbesenttoaspecic

Figure4.11PagingProcedure

MS,theACRsendstheRAStheMSPagingAnnouncemessagecontainingthe

MACaddressandpaginggroupID,andPagingCause(0x02)oftheMStotheRAS.

TheRASsendstheMStheMOB_P AG-ADVmessagecontainingtheinformation

receivedfromtheACR.

Then,theMSperformstheQCSprocedurewiththenetwork.Formoreinformationonthe
QCSprocedure,seetoIdleMode→A wakeModeof‘S t a t e T r a n s i t i o n .’

4.1.6Handover

Inter-RASHandover(HO)

Thegurebelowshowstheinter-RAShandoverprocedure.

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

Figure4.12Inter-RASHandoverProcedure

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

CategoryDescription

(1)~(3)T orequestahandover,theMSsendsthecurrentS-RAS(ServingRAS)

(4)~(8)TheT-RASsendstheACRtheHO-Responsemessagecontainingthecapability

(9)~(13)TheMSsendstheS-RAStheMOB_HO-INDmessagecontainingtheHO-IND

(14)~(15)TheT-RASsendstheACR(authenticator)theContext-Requestmessagetorequest

theMOB_MSHO-REQmessagecontainingtheneighborBS(RAS)IDand

handover-relatedparameters.TheS-RASsendstheACRtheHO-Requestmessage

containingtheMOB_MSHO-REQparameterreceivedandthecontextinformation.

TheACRforwardstheHO-RequestmessagetotheT-RAS(T argetRAS).

informationfortheT-RAS.TheS-RASsendstheMStheMOB_BSHO-RSPmessage

containingtherecommendedneighborBS-IDs,HO-ID,andparameterresultvalue.

typeandtargetBS-IDtoprovidenoticationthatthehandoverwillbeperformed.

TheS-RASsendstheT-RAStheHO-Conrmmessagecontainingthecontext

informationanddataintegrityinformation(e.g.,bufferedSDUSN)fortheMS.

theAKContextinformation.TheACRrespondswiththeContext-Reportmessage

containingtheAKcontextinformation.

(16)~(21)Thepathpre-registrationprocedureisperformedtosetupanewdatapathbetween

theACRandT-RAS.Inaddition,aforwardingpathissetupsothattheS-RAScan

sendtheT-RASthetrafcthatithasnotyettransmittedtotheMS.Thetrafcis

transmittedtotheT-RAS.

(22)WhentheT-RASacceptsthehandoverrequestfromtheMS,itnotiestheMS

oftheUL_MAPIEsothattheMScansendtheHORangingRequestmessage

throughtheuplink.

(23)TheMSsendstheT-RAStheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress,

servingBS-ID,HOindication,etc.

(24)~(26)ThepathregistrationprocedureisperformedtoexchangetheSFinformationthat

willbemappedtothedatapathbetweentheACRandT-RAS,whichwascreatedin

steps(16)to(18).(26)TheprocedureisperformedifthePathPreRegprocedure

fails.

(27)TheT-RASrespondswiththeRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheHOOptimization

ag,CID_update,andSA-TEK_update.

(28)~(33)AftertheS-RAShassentalltrafctotheT-RAS,theforwardingpathisreleased.

(34)WhenreceivingtheRNG-RSPmessagesuccessfully ,theMSsendstheRASthe

BandwidthRequest(BR)MACPDUasnotication.

(35)~(36)TheT-RASsendstheS-RAStheHO-Completemessagetoprovidenotication

thatthehandoverhasnished.

(37)~(38)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenew

CMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.

(39)~(41)Whenthehandoverprocedurehasnished,theoldpathbetweentheS-RASand

ACRisreleased.

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

Inter-ACRHandover(HO)

WhenperformingahandoverbetweenACRsinthesameASN,thepathextensionthrough
theR6interfaceisconsidered.Therefore,theprocedureforinter-ACRhandoveristhe
sameasinter-RAShandover.

Inter-ASNHandover(HO):ASN-AnchoredMobility

Inter-ASNHOisdividedintotheASN-anchoredmobilitymethodthroughtheR4interface
andtheCSN-anchoredmobilitymethodthroughtheR3/R4interface.Thegurebelow
showstheinter-ASNhandoverprocedureintheASN-anchoredmobilitymethod.The
S-ACR(ServingACR)carriesouttheanchorfunction.

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

Figure4.13Inter-ASNHandover(ASN-AnchoredMobility)

TheHOsignalingprocedureisthesameasininter-RASHO,buttheHOsignalingmessage
exchangestepsthroughtheR4interfaceareaddedbetweentheS-ACRandT -ACR(Target
ACR).

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

CategoryDescription

(1)~(4)T orequestahandover,theMSsendsthecurrentS-RAS(ServingRAS)

theMOB_MSHO-REQmessagecontainingtheneighborBS(RAS)IDand

handover-relatedparameters.

TheS-RASsendstheACRtheHO-Requestmessagecontainingthe

MOB_MSHO-REQparameterreceivedandthecontextinformation.TheACR

forwardstheHO-RequestmessagetotheT-RAS(TargetRAS).

(5)~(11)TheT-RASsendstheACRtheHO-Responsemessagecontainingthecapability

informationfortheT-RAS.TheS-RASsendstheMStheMOB_BSHO-RSPmessage

containingtherecommendedneighborBS-IDs,HO-ID,andparameterresultvalue.

(12)~(18)TheMSsendstheS-RAStheMOB_HO-INDmessagecontainingtheHO-IND

typeandtargetBS-IDtoprovidenoticationthatthehandoverwillbeperformed.

TheS-RASsendstheT-RAStheHO-Conrmmessagecontainingthecontext

informationfortheMS.

(19)WhentheT-RASacceptsthehandoverrequestfromtheMS,itnotiestheMS

oftheUL_MAPIEsothattheMScansendtheHORangingRequestmessage

throughtheuplink.

(20)~(23)TheT-RASsendstheACR(authenticator)theContext-Requestmessagetorequest

theAKContextinformation.TheACRrespondswiththeContext-Report이message

containingtheAKcontextinformation.

(24)~(29)Thepathpre-registrationprocedureisperformedtosetupanewdatapathbetween

theACRandT-RAS.

(30)TheMSsendstheT-RAStheRNG-REQmessagecontainingtheMACaddress,

servingBS-ID,andHOindication.

(31)~(36)ThepathregistrationprocedureisperformedtoexchangetheSF(ServiceFlow)

informationthatwillbemappedtothedatapathbetweentheACRandT-RAS,

whichwascreatedinsteps(24)to(29).(35)~(36)Theprocedureisperformedifthe

PathPreRegprocedurefails.

(37)TheT-RASrespondsbysendingtheRNG-RSPmessagecontainingtheHO

Optimizationag,CID_update,andSA-TEK_update.

(38)WhenreceivingtheRNG-RSPmessagesuccessfully ,theMSsendstheRASthe

BandwidthRequest(BR)MACPDUasnotication.

(39)~(41)TheT-RASsendstheS-RAStheHO-Completemessagetoprovidenotication

thatthehandoverhasnished.

(42)~(45)TheRASnotiestheACR,whichistheauthenticator,ofthenew

CMAC_KEY_COUNTvalueupdatedbytheMS.

(46)~(48)Whenthehandoverprocedurehasnished,theoldpathbetweentheS-RASand

Inter-ASNHandover(Inter-ASNHO):CSN-AnchoredMobility

Belowisdescribedtheinter-ASNHOintheCSN-anchoredmobility.Theanchorfunction
isrelocatedfromtheS-ACR(ServingACR)totheT-ACR(T argetACR).

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

ACRisreleased.

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

TheCSN-anchoredmobilitymethodconsistsofthestepsthroughwhichASN-anchored
mobilityHoisperformedandtheauthenticatorandDPFanchorarerelocatedtothetarget
ACR.Forconvenience,thetriggeringofrelocationbyT-ACRisdenedasPullmode,and
thetriggeringofrelocationbyS-ACRisdenedasPushmode.TheMobileWiMAX
systemsupportsbothpullmodeandpushmode.
TheCSN-anchoredmobilitymethodcomplieswiththeMIPstandard.Theearlierstepsof
theCSN-anchoredHOsignalingprocedurearethesameasintheASN-anchoredmobility
HOprocedure.ThegurebelowshowsthestepsaftertheASN-anchoredHOhasbeen
performed.

Figure4.14Inter-ASNHandover(CSN-AnchoredMobility)

CategoryDescription

(1)~(7)ThisistheprocedureforrelocatingtheauthenticatorfromtheS-ACRtothe

T-ACR.TheT-ACRtriggerstheMStoperformtheEAPauthenticationprocedure

againwiththeAAAserver.TheT-ACRnotiestheS-RASoftheauthentication

resultstonishtheauthenticatorrelocationprocedure.

(8)~(9)TheT_ACRtransmitsthecontextinformationfortheMStotheS_ACR.

(10)~(14)TheauthenticatorandFArelocationaretriggeredandthePMIPregistration

isprocessed.

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

CategoryDescription

(15)~(16)TheS-ACRcancelsMIPregistrationoftheMSintheHA.

(17)~(20)S-ACRcarriesoutsessionreleaseprocedurewithAAAserverusingdenedAAA

interfaceprotocol.

4.1.7Disconnection

Disconnection(AwakeMode)

ThegurebelowshowstheprocedurewithwhichtheMSinA wakemodeisdisconnected
becausethepoweristurnedoff.

Figure4.15Disconnection(AwakeMode)

CategoryDescription

(1)~(3)WhentheMSinAwakemodeisturnedoff,theMSsendstheRAStheDREG-REQ

messagecontaining‘Deregistrationcode=0,’andtheRASnotiestheACRofthis.

(4)TheACRperformstheprocedureforreleasingtheMIP-relatedinformationwith

theHA.

(5)~(6)TheACRnotiestheRASoftheresultforthepowerdownoftheMS,and

releasesthedatapath.

(7)~(10)TheACRperformsthesessionreleaseprocedurewiththeAAAserverusing

denedAAAinterfaceprotocol.

Disconnection(IdleMode)

ThegurebelowshowstheprocedurewithwhichtheMSinIdlemodeisdisconnected
becausethepoweristurnedoff.

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

4-23

CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

CategoryDescription

(1)~(5)WhentheMSinIdlemodeisturnedoff,theMSsendstheRAStheRNG-REQ

Figure4.16Disconnection(IdleMode)

messagecontainingthepowerdownindicator,andtheRASnotiestheACRof

this.TheACRdeletestheinformationfortheMS.

(6)TheACRperformstheprocedureforreleasingtheMIP-relatedinformationwith

theHA.

(7)~(8)TheACRperformsthesessionreleaseprocedurewiththeAAAserverusing

denedAAAinterfaceprotocol.

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MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

4.2CallProcessingMessageFlow(LTE)

InTD-LTE,themessageowsfortheattach,servicerequest,detach,andhandover
proceduresareasfollows.

4.2.1Attach

Themessageowforattachprocedureisillustratedbelow.

StepDescription

1)TheUEperformstheRandomAccessprocedure(TS36.321,5.1)withtheeNB.

2)~4)TheUEinitializestheRRCConnectionEstablishmentprocedure(TS36.331,5.3.3).

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

Figure4.17AttachProcedure

TheUEincludestheATTACHREQUESTmessage,whichisanNASmessage,in

theRRCConnectionSetupCompletemessage,whichisanRRCmessage,andsends

ittotheeNB.

4-25

CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

StepDescription

5)TheeNBrequeststheMMEfromtheRRCelements.TheeNBincludestheA TTACH

6)IfthereisnoUEcontextfortheUEinthenetwork,integrityisnotprotectedforthe

7)~8)TheMMEselectstheP-GWandS-GW.TheMMEsendstheCreateSessionRequest

9)TheMMEincludestheATT ACHREQUESTmessageintheINITIALCONTEXT

REQUESTmessageintheINITIALUEMESSAGE,whichisanS1-MMEcontrol

message,andsendsittotheMME.

ATT ACHREQUESTmessage,ortheintegritycheckfails,authenticationandNAS

securitysetuparealwaysperformed.

TheUEperformstheEPSAuthenticationandKeyAgreement(AKA)procedure(TS

33.401,6.1.1)withtheMME.TheMMEsetsupanNASsecurityassociationwiththe

UEusingtheNASSecurityModeCommand(SMC)procedure(TS33.401,7.2.4.4).

messagetotheS-GW.

Fromthissteptostep17,theS-GWkeepsthedownlinkpacketreceivedfromthe

P-GWuntiltheModifyBearerRequestmessageisreceived.TheS-GWreturnsthe

CreateSessionRequestmessagetotheMME.

SETUPREQUESTmessage,whichisanS1-MMEcontrolmessage,andsendsitto

theeNB.ThisS1messagealsoincludestheASsecuritycontextinformationforthe

UE.ThisinformationstartstheASSMCprocedureattheRRClevel.

10)~12)IftheUERadioCapabilityIEvalueisnotcontainedintheINITIALCONTEXTSETUP

REQUESTmessage,theeNBstartstheprocedureforobtainingtheUERadio

CapabilityvaluefromtheUEandthensendstheexecutionresulttotheMME.

13)~14)TheeNBsendstheSecurityModeCommandmessagetotheUEandthentheUE

replieswiththeSecurityModeCompletemessage.IntheeNB,thedownlinkencryption

mustbestartedaftertheSecurityModeCommandmessagehasbeensent,andthe

uplinkdecryptionmustbestartedaftertheSecurityModeCompletemessagehas

beenreceived.

IntheUE,theuplinkencryptionmustbestartedaftertheSecurityModeComplete

messagehasbeensent,andthedownlinkdecryptionmustbestartedafterthe

SecurityModeCommandmessagehasbeenreceived(TS33.401,7.2.4.5).

15)~16)TheeNBincludestheA TTACHACCEPTmessageintheRRCConnec-

tionRecongurationmessageandsendsittotheUE.TheUEsendsthe

RRCConnectionRecongurationCompletemessagetotheeNB.Afterreceivingthe

ATT ACHACCEPTmessage,theUEcansenduplinkpacketstobothoftheS-GW

andP-GWviatheeNB.

17)TheeNBsendstheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPRESPONSEmessagetotheMME.

18)~19)TheUEincludestheA TTACHCOMPLETEmessageintheULInformationTransfer

messageandsendsittotheeNB.TheeNBincludestheATTACHCOMPLETE

messageintheUPLINKNASTRANSPORTmessageandrelaysittotheMME.

20)~21)AfterreceivingbothoftheINITIALCONTEXTRESPONSEmessageatstep17and

theA TTACHCOMPLETEmessageatstep19,theMMEsendstheModifyBearer

RequestmessagetotheS-GW.TheS-GWsendstheModifyBearerResponse

messagetotheMME.

S-GWcansendthestoreddownlinkpacket.

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4.2.2ServiceRequest

MobileWiMAX/TD-L TEBSTD-LTEFlexibleSystemDescription/Ver .1.0

ServiceRequestbytheUE

ThemessageowforservicerequestprocedurebyUEisillustratedbelow.

StepDescription

1)TheUEperformstheRandomAccessprocedurewiththeeNB.

2)~4)TheUEincludestheSERVICEREQUESTmessage,whichisanNASmessage,inthe

5)TheeNBincludestheSERVICEREQUESTmessageintheINITIALUEMESSAGE,

6)IfthereisnoUEcontextfortheUEinthenetwork,integrityisnotprotectedforthe

©SAMSUNGElectronicsCo.,Ltd.

Figure4.18ServiceRequestProcedurebyUE

RRCmessagesenttotheeNBandsendsittotheMME.

whichisanS1-APmessage,andsendsittotheMME.

ATT ACHREQUESTmessage,ortheintegritycheckfails,authenticationandNAS

securitysetuparealwaysperformed.

TheUEperformstheEPSAuthenticationandKeyAgreement(AKA)procedure(TS

33.401,6.1.1)withtheMME.TheMMEsetsupanNASsecurityassociationwiththe

UEusingtheNASSecurityModeCommand(SMC)procedure(TS33.401,7.2.4.4).

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CHAPTER4.MessageFlow

StepDescription

7)TheMMEsendstheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPREQUESTmessage,whichisan

8)~11)TheeNBsetsuptheRRCradiobearers.Theuserplanesecurityissetupatthisstep.

12)TheeNBsendstheINITIALCONTEXTSETUPRESPONSEmessage,whichisan

13)~14)TheMMEsendstheModifyBearerRequestmessageforeachPDNconnectiontothe

ServiceRequestbyNetwork

Themessageowforservicerequestprocedurebynetworkisillustratedbelow .

S1-APmessage,totheeNB.Inthisstep,radioandS1bearerareactivatedforall

activatedEPSbearers.

TheuplinkdatasentbytheUEisrelayedfromtheeNBtotheS-GW.TheeNBsends

theuplinkdatatotheS-GW,andthentheS-GWrelaysittotheP-GW.

S1–APmessagetotheMME.

S-GW.Now,theS-GWcansendthedownlinkdatatotheUE.TheS-GWsendsthe

ModifyBearerResponsemessagetotheMME.

Figure4.19ServiceRequestProcedurebyNetwork

StepDescription

1)~2)WhenreceivingadownlinkdatapacketthatshouldbesenttoaUEwhiletheuserplane

isnotconnectedtothatUE,theS-GWsendstheDownlinkDataNoticationmessage

totheMMEwhichhasthecontrolplaneconnectiontothatUE.TheMMEissuesthe

DownlinkDataNoticationAcknowledgemessagetotheS-GWinresponse.

IftheS-GWreceivesadditionaldownlinkdatapacketfortheUE,thisdatapacketis

storedandnonewDownlinkDataNoticationissent.

3)~4)IftheUEisregisteredwiththeMME,theMMEsendstheP AGINGmessagetoalleNBs

whichbelongtotheTAwheretheUEisregistered.IftheeNBreceivesthePAGING

messagefromtheMME,itsendsthepagingmessagetotheUE.

5)IftheUEinidlemodeispagedviatheE-UTRANconnection,theServiceRequest

procedureisinitiatedbytheUE.TheS-GWsendsthedownlinkdatatotheUEviathe

RATwhichhasperformedtheServiceRequestprocedure.

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