M10, M21, and M23
21–Inch Walk-Behind Mowers
®
TECHNICAL MANUAL
John Deere
Worldwide Commercial And
Consumer Products Divison
TM1722 (Feb 98)
Litho in U.S.A.
This technical manual is written for an experienced
technician and contains sections that are specifically for
this product. It is a part of a total product support
program.
INTRODUCTION
Safety
The manual is organized so that all the information on a
particular system is kept together. The order of grouping
is as follows:
• Table of Contents
• General Diagnostic Information
• Specifications
• Electrical Wiring Harness Legend
• Component Location
• System Schematic
• Wiring Harness
• Troubleshooting Chart
• Theory of Operation
• Diagnostics
• Tests & Adjustments
• Repair
Note: Depending on the particular section or system
being covered, not all of the abov e g roups ma y be
used.
Each section will be identified with a symbol rather than a
number. The groups and pages within a section will be
consecutively numbered.
Specifications and
Information
Engine
Power Train
Miscellaneous
We appreciate your input on this manual. To help, there
are postage paid post cards included at the back. If you
find any errors or want to comment on the layout of the
manual please fill out one of the cards and mail it back to
us.
All information, illustrations and
specifications in this manual are based on
the latest information available at the time of
publication. The right is reserved to make
changes at any time without notice.
COPYRIGHT
Deere and Co.
John Deere Worldwide Commercial and
Consumer Equipment Division
Horicon, WI
All rights reserved
©
1998
2/11/98
1 - 1
SAFETY
Recognize Safety Information
This is the safety-alert symbol. When you see this
symbol on your machine or in this manual, be alert to
the potential for personal injury.
Follow recommended precautions and safe servicing
practices.
Understand Signal Words
A signal word—DANGER, WARNING, or CAUTION—
is used with the safety-alert symbol. DANGER
identifies the most serious hazards.
DANGER or WARNING safety signs are located near
specific hazards. General precautions are listed on
CAUTION safety signs. CAUTION also calls attention
to safety messages in this manual.
Replace Safety Signs
Handle Fluids Safely-Avoid Fires
Be Prepared For Emergencies
When you work around fuel, do not smoke or work near
heaters or other fire hazards.
Store flammable fluids away from fire hazards. Do not
incinerate or puncture pressurized containers.
Make sure machine is clean of trash, grease, and
debris.
Do not store oily rags; they can ignite and burn
spontaneously.
Be prepared if a fire starts.
Keep a first aid kit and fire extinguisher handy.
Keep emergency numbers for doctors, ambulance
service, hospital, and fire department near your
telephone.
Replace missing or damaged safety signs. See the
machine operator’s manual for correct safety sign
placement.
W ARNING: California Pr oposition 65
Warning
Gasoline engine exhaust from this product contains
chemicals known to the State of California to cause
cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
1 - 2
Wear Protective Clothing
Wear close fitting clothing and safety equipment
appropriate to the job.
Prolonged exposure to loud noise can cause
impairment or loss of hearing. Wear a suitable hearing
protective device such as earmuffs or earplugs to
protect against objectionable or uncomfortable loud
noises.
2/11/98
Operating equipment safely requires the full attention
of the operator. Do not wear radio or music
headphones while operating machine.
Service Machines Safely
Tie long hair behind your head. Do not wear a necktie,
scarf, loose clothing, or necklace when you work near
machine tools or moving parts. If these items were to
get caught, severe injury could result.
Remove rings and other jewelry to prevent electrical
shorts and entanglement in moving parts.
Use Proper Tools
SAFETY
Lifting heavy components incorrectly can cause severe
injury or machine damage. Follow recommended
procedure for removal and installation of components
in the manual.
Avoid Injury From Rotating Blades
and PTO Shafts
Use tools appropriate to the work. Makeshift tools and
procedures can create safety hazards. Use power tools
only to loosen threaded parts and fasteners. For
loosening and tightening hardware, use the correct size
tools.
DO NOT
fasteners. Avoid bodily injury caused by slipping
wrenches. Use only service parts meeting John Deere
specifications.
use U.S. measurement tools on metric
Park Machine Safely
Before working on the machine:
1. Lower all equipment to the ground.
2. Stop the engine and remove the key.
3. Hang a “DO NOT OPERATE” tag in operator
station.
Support Machine Properly And Use
Proper Lifting Equipment
If you must work on a lifted machine or attachment,
securely support the machine or attachment.
Do not support the machine on cinder blocks, hollow
tiles, or props that may crumble under continuous load.
Do not work under a machine that is supported solely
by a jack. Follow recommended procedures in this
manual.
Keep hands and feet away while machine is running.
Shut off power to service, lubricate or remove mower
blades or PTO shafts.
Work In Clean Area
Before starting a job:
1. Clean work area and machine.
2. Make sure you hav e all necessary tools to do your
job.
3. Have the right parts on hand.
4. Read all instructions thoroughly; do not attempt
shortcuts.
Using High Pressure Washers
Directing pressurized water at electronic/electrical
components or connectors, bearings, or other sensitive
parts and components may cause product
malfunctions. Reduce pressure and spray at a 45 to 90
degree angle.
Illuminate Work Area Safely
Illuminate your work area adequately but safely. Use a
portable safety light for working inside or under the
machine. Make sure the bulb is enclosed by a wire
cage. The hot filament of an accidentally broken bulb
can ignite spilled fuel or oil.
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1 - 3
SAFETY
Work In Ventilated Area
Engine exhaust fumes can cause sickness or death. If
it is necessary to run an engine in an enclosed area,
remove the exhaust fumes from the area with an
exhaust pipe extension.
If you do not have an exhaust pipe extension, open the
doors and get outside air into the area.
Remove P aint Before Welding Or
Heating
Avoid potentially toxic fumes and dust. Hazardous
fumes can be generated when paint is heated by
welding, soldering, or using a torch. Do all work outside
or in a well ventilated area. Dispose of paint and
solvent properly. Remove paint before welding or
heating: If you sand or grind paint, avoid breathing the
dust. Wear an approved respir ator. If you use solvent or
paint stripper, remove stripper with soap and water
before welding. Remove solvent or paint stripper
containers and other flammable material from area.
Allow fumes to disperse at least 15 minutes before
welding or heating.
Avoid Harmful Asbestos Dust
Avoid breathing dust that may be generated when
handling components containing asbestos fibers.
Inhaled asbestos fibers may cause lung cancer.
Components in products that may contain asbestos
fibers are brake pads, brake band and lining
assemblies, clutch plates, and some gaskets. The
asbestos used in these components is usually found in
a resin or sealed in some way. Normal handling is not
hazardous as long as airborne dust containing
asbestos is not generated.
Avoid creating dust. Never use compressed air for
cleaning. Avoid brushing or grinding material
containing asbestos. When servicing, wear an
approved respirator. A special vacuum cleaner is
recommended to clean asbestos. If not available, apply
a mist of oil or water on the material containing
asbestos. Keep bystanders away from the area.
Handle Chemical Products Safely
Direct exposure to hazardous chemicals can cause
serious injury. Potentially hazardous chemicals used
with John Deere equipment include such items as
lubricants, coolants, paints, and adhesives.
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) provides specific
details on chemical products: physical and health
hazards, safety procedures, and emergency response
techniques. Check the MSDS before you star t any job
using a hazardous chemical. That way you will know
exactly what the risks are and how to do the job safely.
Then follow procedures and recommended equipment.
Dispose of Waste Properly
Improperly disposing of waste can threaten the
environment and ecology. Potentially harmful waste
used with John Deere equipment include such items as
oil, fuel, coolant, brake fluid, filters, and batteries. Use
leakproof containers when draining fluids. Do not use
food or beverage containers that may mislead
someone into drinking from them. Do not pour waste
onto the ground, down a drain, or into any water
source. Inquire on the proper way to recycle or dispose
of waste from your local environmental or recycling
center, or from your John Deere dealer.
Live With Safety
Before returning machine to customer, make sure
machine is functioning properly, especially the safety
systems. Install all guards and shields.
1 - 4
2/11/98
SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION
GENERAL VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
TORQUES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
INCH FASTENER TORQUE VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
METRIC FASTENER TORQUE VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
LUBRICANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
GASOLINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
GASOLINE STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
ENGINE OIL—NORTH AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ENGINE OIL—EUROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ENGINE BREAK-IN OIL—NORTH AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
ENGINE BREAK-IN OIL—EUROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
GREASE—NORTH AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
GREASE—EUROPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
ALTERNATIVE LUBRICANTS—NORTH AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS—NORTH AMERICA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
LUBRICANT STORAGE—NORTH AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
MIXING OF LUBRICANTS—NORTH AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
ALTERNATIVE LUBRICANTS—EUROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS—EUROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
LUBRICANT STORAGE—EUROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
MIXING OF LUBRICANTS—EUROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION LOCATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Page
2/11/98
2 - 1
SPECIFICATIONS & INFORMATION
GENERAL VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS
M10 M21 M23
ENGINE
Make Briggs & Stratton Briggs & Stratton Briggs & Stratton
Model 12H802 12H802 12H802
Type 4-cycle gas/Air cooled 4-cycle gas/Air cooled 4-cycle gas/Air cooled
Cylinders 1 1 1
Valves Side valves Side valves Side valves
Displacement 190 cc (11.6 cu. in.) 190 cc (11.6 cu. in.) 190 cc (11.6 cu. in.)
Horsepower (SAE J1940) 4.5 kW (6 HP) 4.5 kW (6 HP) 4.5 kW (6 HP)
Lubrication Splash Splash Splash
Oil Capacity 0.6 L (20.0 oz.) 0.6 L (20.0 oz.) 0.6 L (20.0 oz.)
Throttle Control Fixed speed Fixed speed Fixed speed
Fixed Idle Speed 3200 ± 50 rpm 3200 ± 50 rpm 3200 ± 50 rpm
Carburetor CARB/EPA Certified CARB/EPA Certified CARB/EPA Certified
Choke Primer bulb Primer bulb Primer bulb
Cooling system Air Air Air
Air cleaner Dry replaceable single
element w/remote intake
1
Dry replaceable single
element w/remote intake
Dry replaceable single
element w/remote intake
ELECTRICAL
Ignition Capacitive discharge Capacitive discharge Capacitive discharge
Spark Plug (resistor) RCJ8 Champion RCJ8 Champion RCJ8 Champion
Spark Plug Gap 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) 0.76 mm (0.030 in.) 0.76 mm (0.030 in.)
FUEL SYSTEM
Fuel type Unleaded gasoline Unleaded gasoline Unleaded gasoline
Capacity 1.5 L (1.6 U.S. qt) 1.5 L (1.6 U.S. qt) 1.5 L (1.6 U.S. qt)
TRANSMISSION
Type Push One Speed Three Speed
Drive belt
Type
Effective Length
Transaxle N/A Dana Fully enclosed; oil
Gear selection N/A 1 Forward 3 Forward
Brake Flywheel Flywheel Flywheel
Ground Speed N/A 1st Gear – 3.94 kph
N/A GC00073
3L
993 mm (39.09 in.)
bath
(2.45 mph)
GC00081
3L
882.5 mm (34.74 in.)
Kanzaki Fully enclosed;
oil bath
1st Gear – 3.1 kph
(1.9 mph)
2nd Gear – 3.9 kph
(2.4 mph)
3rd Gear – 5.0 kph
(3.1 mph)
1. Specifications and design subject to change without notice.
2/11/98
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TORQUES
M10 M21 M23
DIMENSIONS
Wheel Size 8.75 x 2.25 8.75 x 2.25 8.75 x 2.25
Weight (includes. fuel/fluids) (34.0 kg) 75 lb - Push type (36.7 kg) 81 lb (38.1 kg) 84 lb
Cutting Width 53.34 cm (21 inches) 53.34 cm (21 inches) 53.34 cm (21 inches)
Cutting Height 2.5 – 10.2 cm (1 – 4 in.) 2.5 – 10.2 cm (1 – 4 in.) 2.5 – 10.2 cm (1 – 4 in.)
SPECIFICATIONS & INFORMATION
TORQUES
Blade Bolt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 ± 13 N•m (55 ± 10 lb-ft)
Spark Plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 N•m (180 lb-in.)
Cylinder Head Cap Screw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 N•m (140 lb-in.)
Flywheel Nut Torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 N•m (60 lb-ft)
Muffler Shoulder Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 N•m (89 lb-in.)
Carburetor Mount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 N•m (89 lb-in.)
Connecting Rod Cap Screw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 N•m (100 lb-in.)
Crankcase Cover Cap Screw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 N•m (89 lb-in.)
Engine to Mower Deck Cap Screws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 ± 14 N•m (40 ± 10 lb-ft)
Wheel Mounting Capscrews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.5 N•m (21 lb-ft)
Axle Plates to Mower Deck Arms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 N•m (8 lb-ft)
Shifter Bracket to Transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 N•m (6 lb-ft)
Cable Clip to Handlebar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 N•m (8 lb-ft)
2 - 4
2/11/98
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