Page 1
Bass
T r eble
Bass
T r eble
Acclaim™ 5 Series
In-ceiling Loudspeaker
Installation Manual
Page 2
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Thank you for selecting the Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Speakers.
Like all Russound speakers, they combine acoustic technology with durability
and will provide years of musical enjoyment. The single-point stereo models
feature a dual voice coil design allowing both right and left signals to function
in one speaker. This is ideal for smaller rooms or where there is not a dened
listening position. The 2-way models have pivoting tweeters to allow the sound
to be directed toward the listener.
The Acclaim 5 Series line provides solutions for background music and
dedicated music listening. The Acclaim 5 Series combines premium acoustic
materials with advanced drivers to deliver exceptional performance in every
application.
Some models oer Treble and Bass frequency adjustment buttons. This
adjustment allows you to tailor the sound of the speakers to better match the
listening environment. The buttons located on the front bae oer +3dB and
0 dB settings.
In addition to easy mounting features, Russound Acclaim 5 Series speakers
feature high quality drivers, sophisticated crossover networks, and advanced
designs to ensure optimum reproduction in your home, no matter what the
source material may be.
2 Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 3
PREPARATION / WIRING INFO
Speaker Wire
The amount of wire needed varies with speaker placement. Label speaker
wires with left, right, and room location.
What kind to use: We recommend using Russound AW series speaker cable
or any reputable brand of 16 to 12 gauge multi-stranded wiring for amplierto-speaker connections.
Selecting the proper gauge: Wire is measured in gauges: the bigger the
number, the smaller the wire. The gauge of wire needed is determined by the
distance between your amplier/receiver and the speakers. The longer the
run, the heavier the gauge needed. Use the following chart as a guide:
Length Minimum Gauge
0' to 100' 16
50' to 150' 14
100' to 200' 12
If the conductors are not sheathed in colored jackets, be consistent with
usage. The standard colors on the terminals are red Positive (+) and black
Negative (-). If the wire has transparent insulation, one conductor will be
copper-colored (+) and the other silver-colored (-). If the wire has an opaque
insulation, the conductors are dierentiated by a series of ribs or grooves, a
stripe, or dotted line on one conductor. Use and mark these as the Positive (+)
conductor.
Installation Tips
When installing the speakers, avoid:
T-bar "drop ceilings" with very thin berboard panels which can buzz and •
vibrate. If needed, reinforce the drop-in panel with wood or particle board.
Ceilings where there are pipes, heating ducts and especially AC wiring in •
the general vicinity.
Speaker Wire Paths
Avoid running speaker wires close to house electrical wiring for any •
distance. If you have to run them parallel, leave two feet between the
wiring. Speaker wires should cross AC lines at a 90° angle.
The entire path between speakers and amplier should be clear and •
unobstructed. Conrm placement for a wall port close to the intended
location of the amplier or receiver.
Label speaker wires at each end with Left and Right and the room location. •
Impedance Matching for Ampliers and Speakers
Not all ampliers or receivers can safely operate two sets of speakers at once.
If you intend to use more than one pair of speakers at a time it’s important
to consider both the impedance of the speakers and the capabilities of the
amplier or receiver you’re using. Changing the bass frequency adjustment
from +3 dB to 0 dB will change the impedance from 6 ohms to 8 ohms
respectively.
-
Typical usage of speaker wire conductors
+
-
+
3Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 4
PREPARATION / SPEAKER PLACEMENT
Speaker Placement in the Room
Determine the intended use and placement of the speakers in the room.
If they are going to be your primary listening source in a room, you need
to consider some other factors to insure proper imaging. The term "stereo
imaging" refers to a speaker system’s ability to project music so that it sounds
like the performers are in a three-dimensional space between the speakers.
Bass frequencies are emphasized when ceiling speakers are placed close to a
wall. Avoid placing one speaker in a corner and another on a long at surface.
The best acoustic performance will result if both speakers are placed in similar
positions and face a similar type of surface.
The ceiling speakers should be placed directly to the sides or rear of the
prime listening position with the tweeters aimed toward the listener. This
conguration is also suitable for a TV/movie and music mixed use.
Acclaim In-ceiling speakers may be used for rear surround sound channels by
placing them just behind the viewers. Refer to the Home Theater placement
diagram.
Refer to the details at right for sample In-ceiling placement options.
Good placement for serious listening:• Stereo pair in-ceiling speakers. 6' to 8'
(1.8m-2.4m) apart, on the long wall of a rectangular room, centered on the
listening area.
Best placement for serious listening: • Stereo pair in-ceiling. 6' to 8' (1.8m-2.4m)
apart, on the short wall of a rectangular room, centered on the listening
area.
Good placement for background listening:• Stereo pair behind, above or to
the sides of the main listening area. 6' to 8' (1.8m-2.4m) apart, centered on
the listening area.
Surround sound: • The multiple surround locations can all be made to work
as long as the tweeters are properly directed. The ceiling speakers should
have the tweeters aimed toward the listener.
Good Placement
Serious Listening
Best Placement
Serious Listening
Good Placement
Background Listening
4 Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Home Theater
Surround Sound
Page 5
PREPARATION FOR INSTALLATION
Pre-wire or Pre-construction
Locate all obstructions (AC wiring, plumbing, duct work, studs, and joists).
Route the speaker wire to the speaker location avoiding all obstacles.
Russound oers Speaker Rough-In Brackets that can be fastened to the
adjacent studs. Once the dry wall is installed, the opening is cut out. There are
holes in the bracket for speaker wire tie-o to keep the wire from being lost
during construction.
Make sure the speaker cutout (hole) doesn't extend further than ¼" (0.6 cm)
from the inside of the mounting bracket.
Run two pair conductors for single point speakers.
Rough-in Bracket
Stud / Joist
Speaker Cable
Bracket Installation
Screw
Retrot Installation
Locate existing pipes, duct work, and AC wiring before cutting any holes in
the ceiling.
Center the cardboard template between adjacent joists, avoiding all wiring, 1.
pipes, duct work, and lightly mark the outline with a pencil. Then use a
keyhole/drywall saw or motorized spiral-cut tool to make the opening.
Score the outline of the template with a utility knife to prevent chipping. 2.
If dealing with lath and plaster or thick paneling, drill 1" (2.5 cm) holes in
several places around the pencil outline. Use a ne-toothed keyhole saw
or hacksaw blade with slow strokes to saw through and remove the inner
surface.
Drill Pilot Hole
Mark template outline
Test for stud clearance
Score template outline
Cut out opening
Retrot Installation
5Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 6
PREPARATION FOR INSTALLATION
Additional Tips / Considerations
If possible, run speaker wires after AC wiring is in place to avoid induced •
hum caused by close parallel proximity of the two types of wire.
Secure speaker wires in place against a stud along vertical runs with •
insulated staples only. Do not pierce the wire insulation. Allow a bit of slack
for expansion of building materials.
Route horizontal wire runs through holes drilled in studs at roughly equal •
heights.
The speakers should not be installed until the wallboard is in place. In the •
meantime, leave several feet of wire coiled up and secured to the back
side of the mounting frame. Excess length can be removed during nal
assembly.
When installing the drywall, make sure the speaker cutout hole doesn’t •
extend farther than ¼" (0.6 cm) from the inside of the mounting frame.
Any speaker installed in a ceiling should have a safety wire rmly tied •
between the back of the speaker assembly and the frame of the building.
Use any strong insulated wire and connect it to the speaker bae, being
careful not to let it interfere with the speaker’s operation. The other end
should be rmly attached to the joist or ooring above using a hook, nail,
or other reliable fastener.
Terminate the wires in an outlet box attached to a stud or retrot junction •
box at the exit location. Utilize an outlet plate which has connections for
speaker wire terminations. Russound dealers oer a full line of Russound
PlateMate™ connection systems.
After the drywall is secured and nished, install the speakers as described •
in this manual.
Painting the Speaker Frame and Grille
Russound Acclaim Speakers have a designer white nish that can be painted
with ordinary latex paint. Use the paint shield to protect the speaker from any
paint spatter.
Remove the speaker grilles. From the back of the speaker, push the clamp 1.
(dog-ear) towards the grille to loosen it so you can pull it o. If the speaker is
already installed use a slightly bent paperclip to remove the grille. Remove
the scrim cloth from the grille and set aside.
Insert the paint shield into the bae. 2.
Paint the outer speaker frame and grille separately. Use the same coverage 3.
on both the grille and frame. Russound recommends diluting the latex
paint with water 4:1 or 5:1 proportionally.
While the paint is still wet on the grille, and the grille is not in the frame, use 4.
a gentle burst of compressed air against the outside surface to clear the
ne holes in the mesh.
After the paint has thoroughly dried, continue with the installation. 5.
Speaker
Fit the paint shield over the bae.
Do not attach the scrim cloth and grille
until the speaker has been connected and
secured in the ceiling.
Speaker Assembly
6 Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Scrim Cloth
Remove from Grille before Painting
Grille
Page 7
Installation
Remove the grille from the speaker, if applicable. Use the clamp (dog-ear) 1.
to push the grille out from the back side.
Connect the speaker wire to the speaker terminals:2.
Leave about 2' (60 cm) of wire extending through the ceiling cutout.•
Pull the conductors apart so the last two inches are separated and •
remove ½" (1.3 cm) of insulation from the end of each conductor.
Twist the strands in each conductor into tight spirals.•
Attach the speaker wires to the red and black speaker terminals. Connect •
the Positive (+) conductor to the Red terminal and the Negative (-)
conductor to the Black terminal. Make sure that no stray strands of wire
are touching the other conductor or terminal.
Single point speakers have four terminals; Right(+), (-) and Left(+), (-). Run •
an extra pair of conductors and observe proper polarity when making
connections.
Center the frame in the cutout. Tighten the screws equally until the clamps 4.
secure the frame. Do not overtighten.
Cutout
Speaker Cable
Speaker
INSTALLATION
Safety wire
As screws are tightened
clamp will rotate out and
snug against the drywall.
+
Insertion of speaker wire on back of speaker bae
Connect a safety wire from the building structure to the speaker frame 3.
or through the speaker basket. It should not interfere with the speaker
operation.
Safety wire
Attach Safety Wire
Screws
Install Speaker Frame
7Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 8
TESTS AND ADJUSTMENTS
Bass
Tr eble
Listening Test
It’s a good idea to test everything at this point.
Turn on your stereo system or music source. Make sure that the volume 1.
control is turned down and that the balance control is set to center.
Gently turn up the volume. You should hear music coming out of your new 2.
Russound Speakers! (If you don’t, refer to the troubleshooting guide.)
Now rotate the stereo’s balance control all the way to the left. Sound should 3.
only come out of your left speaker. If it comes out of the right speaker, skip
to Step 5.
Rotate the balance control all the way to the right. Sound should only come 4.
out of the right speaker.
If sound comes from the right speaker when the stereo’s balance control is 5.
turned to the left, you’ll need to change the connections on the back of the
amplier/receiver. Note: Turn o the amplier. Swap the wires attached to
the left and right speaker terminals.
Tweeter Adjustment
The tweeters pivot and should be aimed toward the intended listener. Before
installing the grille, gently press on the outside of the tweeter ring as shown.
Note: Not applicable for the single point stereo speakers - The tweeters do not
pivot and pushing on the tweeters will damage the domes.
Press only on the outer ring of
the tweeter. Pressing on the
Outer Ring
Tweeter Dome
interior of the tweeter dome
will damage it!
Adjusting the Frequency Response
Some models are equipped with Treble and Bass frequency adjustment
buttons. Pressing the button once will keep the button depressed, and
pressing the button again will release it. Depending upon the button position
the settings are as follows:
+3 dB: Increases the loudness of the selected frequency (Bass or Treble)
(recommended start setting)
0 dB: Selected frequency remains neutral
Bass adjustment
Treble adjustment
Frequency Adjustment
Grille Installation
After all adjustments and listening tests are made install the grille. Replace
the scrim cloth in the grille smoothing the material in place. Insert the speaker
grille into the frame. Press gently into place, taking care not to scratch the
frame nish or bend the grille. In most installations, the grilles will t tightly
without causing vibration. If any audible vibration does occur, use special
damping/adhesive material.
Speaker
Scrim Cloth
1
2
Grille
Tweeter Adjustment
8 Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Grille Installation
Page 9
Troubleshooting Guide
Before returning your Russound speakers for service, try these simple
remedies rst.
No sound from either speaker:
Incorrect source selected on receiver or preamplier.•
Mute button pressed on receiver.•
Wrong speaker output selected; many receivers have an "A" and "B" speaker •
switch. Make sure it is in the correct position.
In-wall Volume control not turned up or wired incorrectly.•
If using a speaker selector, room/station not turned on or improperly •
connected.
No sound from one speaker:
Unsecured connection at either the speaker or amplier - double-check all •
connections.
Balance control turned all the way left or right - return it to center.•
Bad connecting cable between sound source and amplier - try a new •
cable.
Check for stray wire strands crossing the speaker terminals. •
Defective speaker - contact your Russound dealer or call Russound Tech •
Support at 603.659.5170.
Any other problems not listed, discuss with your dealer or call Russound.•
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
9Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 10
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Model: 5C51
Description: 2-way In-ceiling Loudspeaker Pair
Woofer: 5.25" (13.3 cm) Vacuum Formed Polypropylene
Tweeter: Pivoting 0.5" (1.3 cm) PEI
Cutout: 6.75" (17.15 cm) diameter
Mounting Depth: 3" (7.6 cm)
Dimensions: 8.2" (20.8 cm) diameter
Terminals: Spring terminals
Grille: Steel
Recommended Power: 10 - 75 watts
Sensitivity: 87 dB SPL (2.83V @ 1m)
Frequency Response: 72 Hz - 20 kHz ± 3 dB
Frequency Range: 54 Hz - 20 kHz -6/+3 dB
Nominal Impedance: 8 ohms
Unit Weight: 2.15 lbs (0.98 kg)
Model: 5C51S
Description: In-ceiling Single Point Stereo Loudspeaker
Woofer: 5.25" (13.3 cm) Vacuum Formed Polypropylene
Tweeters: Two 0.5" (1.3 cm) PEI
Cutout: 6.75" (17.15 cm) diameter
Mounting Depth: 3" (7.6 cm)
Dimensions: 8.2" (20.8 cm) diameter
Terminals: Spring terminals
Grille: Steel
Recommended Power: 10 - 75 watts total
Sensitivity: 86 dB SPL (2.83V @ 1m)
Frequency Response: 62 Hz - 20 kHz ± 3 dB
Frequency Range: 49 Hz - 20 kHz -6/+3 dB
Nominal Impedance: 6 ohms per channel
Unit Weight: 2.25 lbs (1.02 kg)
Model: 5C61
Description: 2-way In-ceiling Loudspeaker Pair
Woofer: 6.5" (16.5 cm) Vacuum Formed Polypropylene
Tweeter: Pivoting 0.5" (1.3 cm) PEI
Cutout: 8.375" (21.3 cm) diameter
Mounting Depth: 3.5" (8.9 cm)
Dimensions: 9.83" (25 cm) diameter
Terminals: Spring terminals
Grille: Steel
Recommended Power: 10 - 75 watts
Sensitivity: 87 dB SPL (2.83V @ 1m)
Frequency Response: 59 Hz - 20 kHz ± 3 dB
Frequency Range: 46 Hz - 20 kHz -6/+3 dB
Nominal Impedance: 8 ohms
Unit Weight: 2.8 lbs (1.27 kg)
Model: 5C61S
Description: In-ceiling Single Point Stereo Loudspeaker
Woofer: 6.5" (16.5 cm) Vacuum Formed Polypropylene
Tweeters: Two 0.5" (1.3 cm) PEI
Cutout: 8.375" (21.3 cm) diameter
Mounting Depth: 3.5" (8.9 cm)
Dimensions: 9.83" (25 cm) diameter
Terminals: Spring terminals
Grille: Steel
Recommended Power: 10 - 75 watts total
Sensitivity: 87 dB SPL (2.83V @ 1m)
Frequency Response: 55 Hz - 20 kHz ± 3 dB
Frequency Range: 43 Hz - 20 kHz -6/+3 dB
Nominal Impedance: 6 ohms per channel
Unit Weight: 2.85 lbs (1.29 kg)
10 Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 11
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Model: 5C62
Description: 2-way In-ceiling Loudspeaker Pair
Woofer: 6.5" (16.5 cm) Vacuum Formed Polypropylene
Tweeter: Pivoting 1" (2.5 cm) Silk
Cutout: 8.375" (21.3 cm) diameter
Mounting Depth: 3.5" (8.9 cm)
Dimensions: 9.83" (25 cm) diameter
Terminals: Spring terminals
Grille: Steel
Recommended Power: 10 - 85 watts
Sensitivity: 87 dB SPL (2.83V @ 1m)
Frequency Response: 59 Hz - 20 kHz ± 3 dB
Frequency Range: 46 Hz - 20 kHz -6/+3 dB
Nominal Impedance: 8 ohms
Unit Weight: 3 lbs (1.36 kg)
Model: 5C64S
Description: In-ceiling Single Point Stereo Loudspeaker
Woofer: 6.5" (16.5 cm) IMPP with Kevlar Fibers
Tweeters: Two 0.5" (1.3 cm) Silk
Cutout: 8.375" (21.3 cm) diameter
Mounting Depth: 3.5" (8.9 cm)
Dimensions: 9.83" (25 cm) diameter
Terminals: Spring terminals
Grille: Steel
Recommended Power: 10 - 100 watts total
Sensitivity: 87 dB SPL (2.83V @ 1m)
Frequency Response: 52 Hz - 20 kHz ± 3 dB
Frequency Range: 40 Hz - 20 kHz -6/+3 dB
Nominal Impedance: 6 ohms per channels
Unit Weight: 2.85 lbs (1.29 kg)
Model: 5C82
Description: 2-way In-ceiling Loudspeaker Pair
Woofer: 8.0" (20.3 cm) Vacuum Formed Polypropylene
Tweeter: Pivoting 1" (2.5 cm) Silk
Cutout: 9.875" (25.1 cm) diameter
Mounting Depth: 4.2" (10.7 cm)
Dimensions: 11.35" (28.8 cm) diameter
Terminals: Spring terminals
Grille: Steel
Recommended Power: 10 - 125 watts
Sensitivity: 88 dB SPL (2.83V @ 1m)
Frequency Response: 37 Hz - 20 kHz ± 3 dB
Frequency Range: 30 Hz - 20 kHz -6/+3 dB
Nominal Impedance: 8 ohms
Unit Weight: 4.25 lbs (1.93 kg)
Model: 5C84
Description: 2-way In-ceiling Loudspeaker Pair
Woofer: 8.0" (20.3 cm) IMPP with Kevlar Fibers
Tweeter: Pivoting 1" (2.5 cm) Silk
Cutout: 9.875" (25.1 cm) diameter
Mounting Depth: 4.2" (10.7 cm)
Dimensions: 11.35" (28.8 cm) diameter
Terminals: Spring terminals
Grille: Steel
Recommended Power: 10 - 150 watts
Sensitivity: 89 dB SPL (2.83V @ 1m)
Frequency Response: 36 Hz - 20 kHz ± 3 dB
Frequency Range: 28 Hz - 20 kHz -6/+3 dB
Nominal Impedance: 8 ohms
Unit Weight: 4.75 lbs (2.15 kg)
11Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 12
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Model: 5C85
Description: 2-way In-ceiling Loudspeaker Pair
Woofer: 8.0" (20.3 cm) Aluminum
Tweeter: Pivoting 1" (2.5 cm) Titanium
Cutout: 9.875" (25.1 cm) diameter
Mounting Depth: 4.2" (10.7 cm)
Dimensions: 11.35" (28.8 cm) diameter
Terminals: Spring terminals
Grille: Aluminum
Recommended Power: 10 - 150 watts
Sensitivity: 90 dB SPL (2.83V @ 1m)
Frequency Response: 39 Hz - 20 kHz ± 3 dB
Frequency Range: 32 Hz - 20 kHz -6/+3 dB
Frequency Adjustment: Treble and Bass buttons
Nominal Impedance: 6 ohms / 8 ohms
Unit Weight: 4.75 lbs (2.15 kg)
Model: 5C85S
Description: Single Point Stereo Loudspeaker
Woofer: 8.0" (20.3 cm) Aluminum
Tweeters: Two 1" (2.5 cm) Titanium
Cutout: 9.875" (25.1 cm) diameter
Mounting Depth: 4.2" (10.7 cm)
Dimensions: 11.35" (28.8 cm) diameter
Terminals: Spring terminals
Grille: Aluminum
Recommended Power: 10 - 150 watts (total)
Sensitivity: 89 dB SPL (2.83V @ 1m)
Frequency Response: 47 Hz - 20 kHz ± 3 dB
Frequency Range: 37 Hz - 20 kHz -6/+3 dB
Nominal Impedance: 6 ohms per channel
Unit Weight: 4.75 lbs (2.15 kg)
12 Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 13
WARRANTY
All Russound Acclaim 5 Series Speaker products have a Limited Lifetime
Warranty against defects in materials and workmanship. Proof of Purchase
must accompany all claims. During the warranty period Russound will replace
any defective part and correct any defect in workmanship without charge for
either parts or labor.
Russound may replace returned speakers with a product of equal value and
performance. In such cases, some modications to the mounting may be
necessary and are not Russound’s responsibility.
For this warranty to apply, the unit must be installed and used according to
its written instructions. If necessary, repairs must be performed by Russound.
The unit must be returned to Russound at the owner’s expense and with
prior written permission. Accidental damage and shipping damage are not
considered defects, nor is damage resulting from abuse or from servicing
performed by an agency or person not specically authorized in writing by
Russound.
Russound products are sold only through authorized Dealers and Distributors
to ensure that customers obtain proper support and service. Russound reserves
the right to limit the warranty of products purchased from an unauthorized
dealer or other source, including retailers, mail order sellers, and online sellers,
to ninety (90) days from the date of purchase.
Damage to or destruction of components due to application of excessive
power voids the warranty on those parts. In these cases, repairs will be made
on the basis of the retail value of the parts and labor. To return for repairs, the
unit must be shipped to Russound at the owner’s expense, along with a note
explaining the nature of service required. Be sure to pack the speaker(s) in a
corrugated container with at least 3" (7.6 cm) of resilient material to protect the
unit from damage in transit.
Before returning the unit for repair, call Russound at 603.659.5170 for a Return
Authorization number. Write this number on the shipping label and ship to:
Russound
ATTN: Service
5 Forbes Road
Newmarket, NH 03857
This Warranty Does Not Cover:
Damage caused by abuse, accident, misuse, negligence, or improper •
operation (installation).
Products that have been altered or modied.•
Any product whose identifying number or decal, serial #, etc. has been •
altered, defaced or removed.
Normal wear and maintenance.•
Due to our continual eorts to improve product quality as new technology
and techniques become available, Russound/FMP, Inc. reserves the right to
revise speaker systems specications without notice.
13Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 14
NOTES
14 Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 15
NOTES
15Russound Acclaim 5 Series In-ceiling Loudspeaker Installation Manual
Page 16
Acclaim™ 5 Series
In-ceiling Loudspeakers
Installation Manual
5" Models: 5C51
6.5" Models: 5C61 - 5C62
8" Models: 5C82 - 5C84 - 5C85
Single Point Stereo Models: 5C51S - 5C61S - 5C64S - 5C85S
©2009 Russound. All rights reserved.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Specications are subject to change without notice.
Russound is not responsible for typographical errors or omissions.
Russound, Inc.
5 Forbes Road, Newmarket, NH 03857
tel603.659.5170•fax603.659.5388
email: tech@russound.com www.russound.com
28-1310 Rev. 1 04/01/09
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