RTX CT8660, X8660 User Manual
Chapter: About This Document
1
SME VoIP System Guide
Installation & Configuration
Network Deployment
Operation & Management
Technical Reference Document
Version 1.5
© Dec-2010 RTX Telecom A/S, Denmark
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Trademarks
RTX and the combinations of its logo thereof are trademarks of RTX Telecom A/S, Denmark.
Other product names used in this publication are for identification purposes and maybe the trademarks of their respective
companies.
Disclaimer
The contents of this document are provided in connection with RTX products. RTX makes no representations with respect to
completeness or accuracy of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to make changes to product descriptions, usage,
etc., at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, to any intellectual property rights are granted by this
publication
Confidentiality
This document should be regarded as confidential, unauthorized copying is not allowed
© Dec-2010 RTX Telecom A/S, Denmark, All rights reserved
http://www.rtx.dk
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Contents
SME VoIP System Guide .................................................................................................................................... 1
Contents ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
1 About This Document ................................................................................................................................ 8
1.1 Audience .................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.2 When Should I Read This Guide .............................................................................................................. 8
1.3 Important Assumptions ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.4 What’s Inside This Guide ......................................................................................................................... 8
1.5 What’s Not in This guide.......................................................................................................................... 9
1.6 Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... 10
1.7 References/Related Documentation ..................................................................................................... 10
1.8 Document History .................................................................................................................................. 10
1.9 Documentation Feedback ..................................................................................................................... 10
2 Introduction – System Overview ............................................................................................................. 11
2.1 Hardware Setup ..................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Components of SME VoIP System ......................................................................................................... 12
2.2.1 RTX Base Stations ........................................................................................................................ 12
2.2.2 SME VoIP Administration Server/Software ................................................................................. 12
2.2.3 RTX Wireless Handset .................................................................................................................. 13
2.3 Wireless Bands ...................................................................................................................................... 13
2.4 System Capacity (in Summary) .............................................................................................................. 13
2.5 Advantages of SME VoIP System ........................................................................................................... 14
3 SME System Deployment Scenarios ........................................................................................................ 15
3.1 Multi-cell System ................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Multi-cell Setup ..................................................................................................................................... 15
3.3 Case Studies ........................................................................................................................................... 16
3.3.1 Case ##1: Isolated Buildings ........................................................................................................ 16
3.3.2 Case ##2: Location with co-located partners .............................................................................. 17
3.3.3 Case ##3: Large to Medium Sized Enterprises ............................................................................ 18
3.3.4 Case ##4: Large Enterprises at Different Locations ..................................................................... 18
4 SME VoIP Network Planning/Optimization ............................................................................................. 20
4.1 Network Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 20
4.2 Deployment Considerations .................................................................................................................. 20
4.3 Site Planning .......................................................................................................................................... 20
4.3.1 Deployment kit ............................................................................................................................ 20
4.3.2 Location Probability ..................................................................................................................... 20
4.3.3 Handover Mechanics/Planning ................................................................................................... 21
4.4 Cell Coverage / Capacity Planning ......................................................................................................... 21
4.4.1 Cell Coverage ............................................................................................................................... 21
4.4.2 Capacity Planning ........................................................................................................................ 22
4.5 Network Dimensioning .......................................................................................................................... 23
4.6 Environmental Considerations .............................................................................................................. 23
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4.7 Recommended Base station/Repeater Placement ............................................................................... 24
4.8 Network Assessment/Optimisation ...................................................................................................... 25
5 Deployment Mechanics – Multi-cell SME Network ................................................................................. 26
6 Installation of Base Stations/Repeater .................................................................................................... 29
6.1 Package - Contents/Damage Inspection................................................................................................ 29
6.2 RTX Base station Mechanics .................................................................................................................. 30
6.3 RTX Base Unit - Reset feature ................................................................................................................ 31
6.4 Installing the Base Station ..................................................................................................................... 31
7 Making Handset Ready ............................................................................................................................ 33
7.1 Package - Contents/Damage Inspection................................................................................................ 33
7.2 Before Using the Phone ......................................................................................................................... 34
7.3 Using the Handset ................................................................................................................................. 35
8 Core Network Server(s) Configuration .................................................................................................... 36
8.1 Server setup ........................................................................................................................................... 36
8.2 Requirements ........................................................................................................................................ 36
8.3 DNS Server Installation/Setup ............................................................................................................... 36
8.4 DHCP Server Setup ................................................................................................................................ 36
8.4.1 Hint: Getting DHCP Server to Work ............................................................................................. 37
8.5 TFTP Server Setup .................................................................................................................................. 38
8.5.1 TFTP Server Settings .................................................................................................................... 38
8.6 SIP Server Setup ..................................................................................................................................... 39
8.6.1 FreePBX SIP Server....................................................................................................................... 39
9 SME VoIP Administration Interface ......................................................................................................... 42
9.1 Home/Status .......................................................................................................................................... 42
9.2 Extensions .............................................................................................................................................. 43
9.3 Servers ................................................................................................................................................... 45
9.4 Network ................................................................................................................................................. 46
9.4.1 IP Settings .................................................................................................................................... 46
9.4.2 VLAN Settings .............................................................................................................................. 47
9.4.3 Boot Server Options .................................................................................................................... 48
9.4.4 NAT Settings ................................................................................................................................ 49
9.4.5 SIP/RTP Settings ........................................................................................................................... 49
9.5 Management Settings Definitions ......................................................................................................... 50
9.6 Firmware Update Definitions ................................................................................................................ 51
9.7 Time Server ............................................................................................................................................ 52
9.8 Multi-cell Parameter Definitions ........................................................................................................... 53
9.8.1 Settings for Base Unit .................................................................................................................. 53
9.8.2 DECT System Settings .................................................................................................................. 54
9.8.3 SIP System Settings ...................................................................................................................... 55
9.8.4 MAC-units in Chain ...................................................................................................................... 55
9.9 Settings – Configuration File Setup ....................................................................................................... 56
9.10 Debug Logs .......................................................................................................................................... 57
9.11 SIP Logs ................................................................................................................................................ 58
10 Firmware Upgrade Management ........................................................................................................ 59
10.1 Network Dimensioning ........................................................................................................................ 59
10.2 TFTP Configuration .............................................................................................................................. 60
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10.3 Create Firmware Directories ............................................................................................................... 61
10.4 Login to Base SME Configuration Interface ......................................................................................... 61
10.5 Firmware Update Settings ................................................................................................................... 63
10.6 Base Station(s) Firmware Upgrade ...................................................................................................... 65
10.7 Handset (s) Firmware Upgrade............................................................................................................ 66
10.8 Verification of Firmware Upgrade ....................................................................................................... 66
10.9 Reboot the Base station(s) .................................................................................................................. 68
11 Registration Management - Handset .................................................................................................. 70
11.1 Hardware required .............................................................................................................................. 70
11.2 Software required equipment ............................................................................................................. 71
11.3 Add server............................................................................................................................................ 71
11.4 Register handset to base ..................................................................................................................... 73
12 VLAN Setup Management ................................................................................................................... 77
12.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 77
12.2 Backbone/ VLAN Aware Switches ....................................................................................................... 78
12.3 How VLAN Switch Work: VLAN Tagging .............................................................................................. 79
12.4 Implementation Cases ......................................................................................................................... 79
12.5 Base station Setup ............................................................................................................................... 80
12.6 Configure Time Server ......................................................................................................................... 81
12.7 VLAN Setup: Base station .................................................................................................................... 82
13 Multi-cell Setup & Management ......................................................................................................... 83
13.1 SME Configuration Interface ............................................................................................................... 83
13.2 Adding Base stations via SME Configuration Interface ....................................................................... 83
13.2.1 Time Server Setup ........................................................................................................................ 85
13.2.2 SIP Server (or PBX Server) Setup ................................................................................................. 86
13.2.3 Multi-cell Setup ........................................................................................................................... 87
13.3 Synchronizing the Base stations .......................................................................................................... 90
13.4 Summary of Procedure – Creating a Chain ......................................................................................... 92
13.5 Stage 1 ................................................................................................................................................. 92
13.6 Stage 2 ................................................................................................................................................. 92
13.7 Stage 3 ................................................................................................................................................. 93
13.8 Stage 4 ................................................................................................................................................. 94
13.9 Practical Configuration of Multi-cell System ....................................................................................... 95
13.9.1 Case ##1: Isolated Buildings ........................................................................................................ 95
13.9.2 Case ##2: Location with co-located partners .............................................................................. 96
13.9.3 Case ##3: Large to Medium Sized Enterprises ............................................................................ 97
13.9.4 Case ##4: Large Enterprises at Different Locations ..................................................................... 98
14 Functionality Overview ...................................................................................................................... 100
14.1 System Feature List............................................................................................................................ 100
14.2 Detail Feature Description ................................................................................................................. 101
15 Network Operations .......................................................................................................................... 104
15.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 104
15.2 System Start Up ................................................................................................................................. 104
15.3 Terminal Attachment......................................................................................................................... 104
15.4 Outgoing Calls .................................................................................................................................... 104
15.5 Incoming Calls .................................................................................................................................... 104
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15.6 Handover ........................................................................................................................................... 105
15.6.1 RTP Stream Remains at Initial Base Station ............................................................................... 105
15.7 Roaming ............................................................................................................................................. 106
16 Operation Setup – Bases/Handsets/SIP Sever .................................................................................. 108
16.1 Power Up ........................................................................................................................................... 108
16.2 Power Down ...................................................................................................................................... 108
16.3 Call Operations .................................................................................................................................. 109
16.3.1 Initiating Calls ............................................................................................................................ 109
16.3.2 Call Holding ................................................................................................................................ 110
16.3.3 Call Transfer (Blind) ................................................................................................................... 111
16.3.4 Call Bridging (Attended Transfer) .............................................................................................. 111
16.3.5 Call Conference (Conference) .................................................................................................... 112
17 Handset - Service Menu Management .............................................................................................. 113
17.1 Service Menu – Site Survey Mode ..................................................................................................... 113
17.2 Service Menu Parameter Definitions ................................................................................................ 114
17.2.1 Master Reset .............................................................................................................................. 114
17.2.2 Site Survey Mode ....................................................................................................................... 114
17.2.3 HS Logs ....................................................................................................................................... 115
17.2.4 Status ......................................................................................................................................... 116
17.2.5 IPEI ............................................................................................................................................. 116
17.2.6 Demo mode ............................................................................................................................... 117
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................................ 118
18 Appendix A......................................................................................................................................... 119
Handset...................................................................................................................................................... 119
Base Station ............................................................................................................................................... 120
Web interface ............................................................................................................................................ 120
Charge unit ................................................................................................................................................ 121
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Where Is
It?
Content
Purpose
Chapter 2
Introduction to the
SME VoIP Network
To gain knowledge about the different elements in a typical SME
VoIP Network
Chapter 3
Description of System
Deployment Scenarios
Provides the reader an idea of different possibilities available to
the user in deploying the system.
Chapter 4
SME VoIP Network
Planning/Optimization
To learn radio network planning techniques including
dimensioning, detailed capacity, coverage planning and network
optimisation
Chapter 5
Deployment
Mechanics – Multi-cell
Examine practical cases of how Multi-cell SME VoIP network can
be deployed
1 About This Document
This document describes the configuration, customization, management, operation, maintenance and
trouble shooting of the SME VoIP System. It also describes effective practices that should be done to deploy
an optimal SME System.
1.1 Audience
Who should read this guide? First, this guide is intended for networking professionals responsible for
designing and implementing RTX based enterprise networks.
Second, network administrators and IT support personnel that need to install, configure, maintain and
monitor elements in a “live” SME VoIP network will find this document helpful. Furthermore, anyone who
wishes to gain knowledge on fundamental features in the UMBER system can also benefit from this
material.
1.2 When Should I Read This Guide
Read this guide before you install the core network devices of VoIP SME System and when you are ready to
setup or configure SIP server, NAT aware router, advanced VLAN settings, base stations, and multi cell
setup.
This manual will enable you to set up components in your network to communicate with each other and
also deploy a fully functionally VoIP SME System.
1.3 Important Assumptions
This document was written with the following assumptions in mind:
1) You have understanding of network deployment in general
2) You have working knowledge of basic TCP/IP/SIP protocols, Network Address Translation, etc..
3) A proper site survey has been performed, and the administrator have access to these plans
1.4 What’s Inside This Guide
We summarize the contents of this document in the table below:
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SME Network
Chapter 6
Installation of Base
station/Repeater
Considerations to remember before unwrapping and installing
base units and repeaters
Chapter 7
Making Handsets
Ready
To determine precautions to take in preparing handsets for use in
the system
Chapter 8
Core Network Servers
Configuration
To learn about operating the handset and base stations including
detail description of handset MMI.
Chapter 9
SME VoIP
Administration
Interface
To learn about the Configuration Interface and define full
meaning of various parameters needed to be setup in the system.
Chapter 11
Firmware
Upgrade/Downgrade
Management
Provides a procedure of how to upgrade firmware to base
stations and/or handsets
Chapter 12
Registration
Management Handsets
Learn how to add servers via the Configuration Interface and how
to register handset to base stations
Chapter 13
VLAN Setup
Management
Examines how to setup VLAN in the SME network
Chapter 14
Multi-Cell Setup &
Management
Learn how to setup multiple bases into a multi-cell network
Chapter 15
System Functionality
Overview
To gain detail knowledge about the system features.
Chapter 16
Network Operations
To study the operation of network elements during system start
up, location registration, etc.
Chapter 17
Operations Setup –
Handset/Base/SIP
Server
To study the operation of handset and base stations/SIP server.
Chapter 18
Handset – Service
Menu Management
To learn how to enable and use the hidden menu’s in the handset
1.5 What’s Not in This guide
This guide provides overview material on network deployment, how-to procedures, and configuration
examples that will enable you to begin configuring your VoIP SME System.
It is not intended as a comprehensive reference to all detail and specific steps on how to configure other
vendor specific components/devices needed to make the SME VoIP System functional. For such a
reference to vendor specific devices, please contact the respective vendor documentation.
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Revision
Author
Issue Date
Comments
1.5
MYA
17-Dec-2010
Complete review and modifications of all sections
1.4
MYA
12-Nov-2010
New Input: 17.3 Call Operations, Operations Setup –
Handset/Base/SIP Server.
1.1
MYA
27-Oct-2010
Total re-write of overall of manual
1.0
MYA
05-Oct-2010
First version, SIP version, EU DECT
0.1
MYA
23-Sep-2010
Initial Version
1.6 Abbreviations
For the purpose of this document, the following abbreviations hold:
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS: Domain Name Server
HTTP(S): Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (Secure)
(T)FTP: (Trivial) File Transfer Protocol
IOS: Internetworking Operating System
PCMA: A-law Pulse Code Modulation
PCMU: mu-law Pulse Code Modulation
PoE: Power over Ethernet
RTP: Real-time Transport Protocol
RPORT: Response Port (Refer to RFC3581 for details)
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
SME: Small and Medium scale Enterprise
VLAN: Virtual Local Access Network
TOS: Type of Service (policy based routing)
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
UA: User Agent
1.7 References/Related Documentation
[1]: Deployment Kit Guide Version 2.5
[2]: Hosted PBX Solution - Deployment Kit Version 0.5
[3]: Handset operation Manual V0.1
[4]:
1.8 Document History
1.9 Documentation Feedback
We always strive to produce the best and we also value your comments and suggestions about our
documentation. If you have any comments about this guide, please enter them through the Feedback link
on the RTX Telecom website. We will use your feedback to improve the documentation.
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2 Introduction – System Overview
In a typical telephony system, the network setup is the interconnection between Base-stations, “fat”
routers, repeaters, portable parts, etc. The back-bone of the network depends on the deployment scenario
but a ring or hub topology is used. The network has centralized monitoring, and maintenance system.
The system is easy to scale up and supports from 1 to 40 bases in the same network. Further it is able to
support up to 200 registered handsets. The Small and Medium Scale Enterprise (SME) VoIP system setup is
illustrated below. Based on PoE interface each base station is easy to install without additional wires other
than the LAN cable. The system supports the next generation IP DECT CAT-IQ repeater with support up to 5
channels simultaneous call sessions.
The following figure gives a graphical overview of the architecture of the SME VoIP System:
2.1 Hardware Setup
SME network hardware setup can deployed as follows:
Base-station(s) are connected via Layer 3 and/or VLAN Aware Router depending on the deployment
requirements. The Layer 3 router implements the switching function.
The base-stations are mounted on walls or lamp poles so that each base-station is separated from each
other by up to 50m indoor (300m outdoor). Radio coverage can extended to 400m using repeaters that are
installed up to 300m from the base-station(s).
The base-station antenna mechanism is based on space diversity feature which improves coverage. The
base-stations uses complete DECT MAC protocol layer and IP media stream audio encoding feature to
provide up to 10 simultaneous calls.
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2.2 Components of SME VoIP System
RTX SME VoIP system is made up of (but not limited to) the following components:
• At least one RTX Base Station is connected over an IP network and using DECT as air-core interface.
• RTX IP DECT wireless Handset.
• RTX SME VoIP Configuration Interface; is a management interface for SME VoIP Wireless Solution. It
runs on all IP DECT Base stations. Each Base station has its own unique settings.
• Other 3rd party vendor products which will be described in details in Chapter 8
2.2.1 RTX Base Stations
The Base Station converts IP protocol to DECT protocol and transmits the traffic to and from the end-nodes
(i.e. wireless handsets) over a channel. It has 12 available channels.
In a multi-cell setup, each base station has:
• 8 channels have associated DSP resources for media streams.
• The remaining 4 channels are reserved for control signalling between IP Base Stations and the SIP/DECT
end nodes (or phones).
Base Stations are grouped into clusters. Within each Cluster, Base Stations are synchronized to enable a
seamless handover when a user moves from one base station coverage to another. For synchronization
purposes, it is not necessary for Base Stations to communicate directly with each other in the system. E.g. a
Base Station may only need to communicate with the next in the chain. It is advisable for a Base Station to
identify more than one Base Station to guarantee synchronization in the situation that one of the Base
Stations fails.
The 4 control signalling channels are used to carry bearer signals that enable a handset to initiate a
handover process.
2.2.2 SME VoIP Administration Server/Software
This server is referred to as SME VoIP Configuration Interface.
The SME VoIP Configuration Interface is a web based administration page used for configuration and
programming of the base station and relevant network end-nodes. E.g. handsets can be registered or deregistered from the system using this interface.
The configuration interface can be used as a setup tool for software or firmware download to base stations,
repeaters and handsets. Further, It is used to check relevant system logs that can be useful to
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Description
Capacity
Min ## of Bases Single Cell Setup
1
Max ## of Bases in Multi-cell Setup
40
Single Cell Setup: Max ## of Repeaters
3 per Base station
Multi-cell Setup: Max ## of Repeaters
3x40=120
Max ## of Users per Base
30
Max ## of Users per SME VoIP System
30x40=1200 (limited to 200)
Multi-cell Setup: Max ## of Synchronisation levels
6
Multi-cell Setup: Max ## of Users
8
Max ## Simultaneous Calls (Single Cell)
10 per Base station
Max ## Simultaneous Calls (Multi-cell Setup)
8x40=320 call sessions
administrator. These logs can be used to troubleshoot the system when the system faces unforeseen
operational issues.
2.2.3 RTX Wireless Handset
The handset is a lightweight, ergonomically and portable unit compatible with Wideband Audio (G.722),
DECT, GAP standard, CAT-iq vb & ve-profile compliant.
The handset includes Colour display with graphical user interface. It can also provide the subscriber with
most of the features available for a wired phone, in addition to its roaming and handover capabilities. Refer
to the relevant handset manual for full details handset features.
2.3 Wireless Bands
The bands supported in the SME VoIP are summarized as follows:
Frequency band: 1880 – 1930 MHz (DECT)
1880 – 1900 MHz (10 carriers) Europe/ETSI
1910 – 1930 MHz (10 carriers) LATAM
1920 – 1930 MHz (5 carriers) US
Other frequency bands can be customized via Base station low-level debug programming.
2.4 System Capacity (in Summary)
SME network capacity of relevant components can be summarised as follows:
Quick Definitions-
Single Cell Setup: SME telephony network composed of one base station
Multi-cell Setup: Telephony network that consists of more than one base stations
Synchronisation Level: Is the air core interface between two base stations.
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2.5 Advantages of SME VoIP System
They include (but not limited to):
1. Simplicity. Integrating functionalities leads to reduced maintenance and troubleshooting, and significant
cost reductions.
2. Flexibility. Single network architecture can be employed and managed. Furthermore, the architecture is
amenable to different deployment scenarios, including Isolated buildings for in-building coverage, location
with co-located partners, and large to medium scale enterprises deployment for wide coverage.
3. Scalability. SME network architecture can easily be scaled to the required size depending on customer
requirement.
4. Performance. The integration of different network functionalities leads to the collapse of the protocol
stack in a single network element and thereby eliminates transmission delays between network elements
and reduces the call setup time and packet fragmentation and aggregation delays.
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3 SME System Deployment Scenarios
In principle, there is no one best solution for deployment of SME Telephony network. Different solutions
(i.e. deployments scenarios) exist depending on the customer requirements.
Before describing commonly used cases in SME System deployment, we first describe a multi-cell system
and its configuration.
3.1 Multi-cell System
A multi-cell system has a coordinated installation of intra-system synchronized base stations, which enables
seamless inter-cell handover for moving handsets.
It provides, besides the increased mobility, higher total capacity and higher quality than a corresponding
number of standalone base stations. This is due to a combination of the inter-cell synchronization and the
seamless handover features of a multi-cell system.
All handsets subscribed to a multi-cell system will benefit from high voice quality, full coverage and full
mobility over the whole multi-cell system coverage area.
3.2 Multi-cell Setup
A total of 40 Base stations can be hosted in a typical SME multi-cell system. At each time, a maximum of 6
levels can be formed in a multi-cell chain. Synchronisation Level is the air core interface between two base
stations.
Using the figure below, synchronisation level 1 is when Base unit 1 synchronizes to Master Base unit, and
Level 2 is when Base unit 2 uses Base unit 1 as its synchronization source, in that order.
The relevant synchronisation levels can be defined by specifying the hierarchy of bases in multi-cell
systems. The hierarchy of bases can be specified using the “DECT sync source” parameter in the SME VoIP
Configuration Server (Refer to Chapter 13 for detail procedure of Multi-cell setup).
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3.3 Case Studies
The following requirements must be considered when deploying SME Telephony Network:
The type of end users (e.g. Business type, Educational Campus, etc.)
Distances end users require
Vendor’s Business Situation
In this section we describe common cases or situations where SME Telephony solutions can be
implemented. Typical case studies includes (but not limited to):
3.3.1 Case ##1: Isolated Buildings
This is the simplest scenario a SME VoIP System can be deployed in e.g. branch or small office, Retail outlet
or store. It consists of a standalone base station and a number of handsets registered to it.
This setup is optimal for isolated buildings. A typical illustration is shown in the figure below. From this
illustration, it is not possible to roam or handover to other bases in this setup.
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3.3.2 Case ##2: Location with co-located partners
This scenario can be deployed in e.g. Department shops, Retail location with co-located photo kiosk or
pharmacy and huge apartment complexes. This setup consists of more than one base station and each
handset is registered to a specific base. Roaming and handovers are permitted in this setup. Here is
diagram to illustrate Case ##2. In this illustration, two slave bases synchronises to a Master DECT source.
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3.3.3 Case ##3: Large to Medium Sized Enterprises
This scenario is a multi-cell setup can be deployed in e.g. Corporate headquarters, Harbour areas, High
School Campus. In the illustration shown below, handsets can roam and handover to other bases.
3.3.4 Case ##4: Large Enterprises at Different Locations
In this scenario, multi-cell systems are deployed at different locations; geographically separated from each
other. An example of this setup includes Government departments/agencies geographically separated from
each other; University campuses or Hospital(s) in different regions.
Roaming and handovers are permitted in this setup even though the each multi-cell system is
geographically separated from each other.
Each base station has a unique identifier. Handsets registered to one multi-cell setup can be used in other
geographically separated setups because visited base stations retrieves the base station identifier which
the visiting handset is originally registered to.
In addition, the relevant SIP server functions must be enabled to so roaming and handover can be allowed
at different geographies.
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4 SME VoIP Network Planning/Optimization
In this chapter, we describe SME VoIP radio network planning techniques including dimensioning, detailed
capacity and coverage planning, and network optimisation.
4.1 Network Requirements
Network requirement is essential to determine elements necessary to achieve the overall expectations of
the customer. Typical network requirements includes (but not limited to):
The geographical area to be covered
The type or architecture of building and/or topology, etc.
The estimated traffic on each zone or region or building
The blocking criteria in each traffic area.
The relevant quality targets expected to be achieved
4.2 Deployment Considerations
The following radio considerations must be examined before deploying a SME VoIP System. These includes
(but not limited to):
Building Penetration:
When a signal strikes a building it is diffracted or absorbed; therefore to some extend the signal is reduced.
The amount of absorption is dependent of the kind of building and its environment, the amount of solid
structure. This is an important consideration in coverage planning.
Interference Sources:
Signals to receiving antenna can be weakened by virtue of interference from other signals. These signals
may be from the same network or other man-made objects. Interference sources must be identified and
avoided or minimized.
4.3 Site Planning
4.3.1 Deployment kit
Based on propagation models, the coverage of areas is done with the use of radio planning tools. In the RTX
SME VoIP Network, the radio planning tool available is called Deployment Kit. Detail description and use of
this document is available in a separate document(s) [1][2].
4.3.2 Location Probability
The quality of coverage is determined by location probability. For practical purposes, the location
probability of 50% is equal to the sensitivity of receiver in a specific region. This is also measured by the
Deployment Kit [1][2].
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4.3.3 Handover Mechanics/Planning
Handsets should seamlessly move between coverage areas. In other words, handset should be able to
move in a multi-cell setup of base stations and/or repeaters from one base station to another without
terminating or causing hindrance while receiving continuous service and maintaining call-sessions in
progress.
For efficient handover of conversations between Base stations in multi-cell setup, deploy Base stations with
wide overlap between them (i.e., plan for some areas to be covered by more than one Base station).
Overlaps are necessary to maintain seamless handover and to establish synchronization chains. A good
example may be a cafeteria during lunch hour where temporary concentrations of handsets may occur. The
overlap carries the excess call load to adjacent Base stations to provide uninterrupted services to
subscribers.
4.4 Cell Coverage / Capacity Planning
4.4.1 Cell Coverage
Due to the unexpected nature of RF propagation in an indoor environment, an actual on-site test must be
performed before the deploying and/or installing core network elements. An extensive guide to effective
RF coverage planning is outside the scope of this document. This should be noted:
The Base stations provides typical RF coverage of up to 50 meters/164 feet in a typical indoor office
environment and up 300 meters/984 feet in an open area (line-of-sight-LOS), extending in all directions
from the Base stations (i.e. Omni directional). The exact coverage range depends on the building
architecture, wall material and surroundings. The figure below show the correct installation of base stations
spaced at the recommended distances from each other:
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Description
Capacity
Min ## of Bases Single Cell Setup
1
Max ## of Bases in Multi-cell Setup
40
Single Cell Setup: Max ## of Repeaters
3 per Base station
Multi-cell Setup: Max ## of Repeaters
3x40=120
Max ## of Users per Base
30
Max ## of Users per SME VoIP System
30x40=1200
Multi-cell Setup: Max ## of Synchronisation levels
6
Typically, installations such as office buildings, hotels and hospitals should be equipped with both base
stations and repeaters on several floors to create uniform and complete radio coverage.
Open areas can be covered with a sparse network of base stations. In such deployments, the base stations
and/or repeaters cover an extended range due to the extended line-of-sight radio propagation capability
The figure below shows an example of an installation where base stations are not spaced at the right
distances:
4.4.2 Capacity Planning
This is where the Network provider estimates how many calls will be initiated in a typical window/time
frame and how many users will be initiating them.
Another aspect of capacity planning should address the user growth pattern of a typical SME VoIP network.
How many users will be using this network in for example two years window, etc. Based on these
estimations, the network dimensioning can be planned orderly bearing in mind the SME capacity.
The capacity of the SME VoIP System is summarised as follows (this should guide the network planner):
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Multi-cell Setup: Max ## of Users
8
Max ## Simultaneous Calls (Single Cell)
10 per Base station
Max ## Simultaneous Calls (Multi-cell Setup)
8x40=320 call sessions
4.5 Network Dimensioning
After the network requirements are clearly defined, the number of users that are expected to use the
network must be estimated. Based on that, you should estimate and identify the number and type of
equipments required in order to cater for the capacity, coverage and quality requirements. The more
accurate the dimensioning, the more efficient the network rollout.
Handsets/SIP End-Nodes:
In a typical setup, the system can support up to 200 handsets depending on the configuration.
Base stations/Repeaters:
The system can easily scale up to 40 base stations. Depending on the network setup, coverage can be
extended by up to 5 repeaters. The planner should bear in mind that base stations can support 10
simultaneously call sessions while repeaters can support 5 call sessions.
Core Network Equipments:
These equipments are at the premises of the service operator or data center. Depending on the network
requirements the following devices should be available:
VLAN/NAT aware router(s), Session Border Controller, DHCP/TFTP/FTP Servers, STUN Server, Media Server,
Access Gateway, SIP Server, etc.
4.6 Environmental Considerations
In this section, we enumerate some environmental conditions that need to be considered prior to planning,
deployment and optimisation of the SME network. The considerations are as follows:
• Ensure that the installation area is clean, dry, and protected from weather extremes.
• Ensure that the floor of the installation area is finished with linoleum, vinyl, ceramic, wooden flooring,
computer floor tiles, or polished sealed concrete.
• Ensure that the ceiling of the installation area is finished or treated to prevent particle discharge.
• Ensure that the installation area is well lit, and that the light source is uniformly diffused without
shadows. Adequate lighting should provide a comfortable reading level and allow the identification of
wire insulator colours without undue eye fatigue. Lighting should be comparable to an office work
environment, with a minimum level of 21 meter/68.9 feet at each work surface. As a rule of thumb, in a
room with a 2.5 meters/8.2 feet ceiling, one 1.2 meters/4 feet fluorescent tube provides sufficient
illumination for 1.9-2.4 square meters/20.5-25.9 square feet.
• Ensure that ventilation of the installation area is capable of maintaining an ambient temperature of 0-
40°C/32-104°F, and a relative humidity of 20-80% non-condensing, while the system is operating. The
maximum power rating of a base station under full load should not exceed 315W/1070 BTU/Hr. These
figures are for each cabinet only, and do not take into account heat generated by other equipment. In
particular, charging fully-discharged batteries may generate a considerable amount of heat, depending
on battery capacity and rate of charge. Refer to the equipment manufacturer data for more
information.
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• Ensure that the installation area is free of caustic or corrosive liquids, substances, or materials. If
batteries will be installed as part of the system, ensure that adequate precautions are taken (such as
special ventilation) to prevent corrosive emissions from the batteries. Check local building codes for
additional requirements.
4.7 Recommended Base station/Repeater Placement
There is no one strategy for deploying base stations. These are some recommended Base station and/or
Repeater placement strategies:
Around Corridors:
Base stations/repeater should be deployed vertically preferably at corridor intersections where
propagation patterns follow the corridor patterns. The base station/repeater should point towards the
corridor and preferably in the middle height between the floor and the actual ceiling. In case there are high
objects in the area, the base station/repeater should be installed above those objects but still kept distant
from the ceiling.
Multi-Storey Buildings:
Base stations and repeaters can be installed on opposite sides of the floors to take advantage of the floorto-floor coverage. The coverage design cannot rely entirely on floor-to-floor propagation; each case must
be verified due to variations in local attenuation patterns.
Open Areas/ Large Halls:
Base stations and repeaters can be deployed in open areas for buildings that contain a central open space
area with windows to the other areas. This provides a good coverage for the rooms in the inner circle on all
floors (e.g. hotels).
In large halls, Base stations/repeater should be installed vertically in the middle of the space below the
drop ceiling.
Mounting Positions:
When Base stations and repeaters are mounted vertically on a wall, the radio coverage in front of these
devices is twice as large as the coverage at the rear.
Repeaters should be installed in the middle of corridors and small rooms.
Metallic Structures/Objects:
Base stations and repeaters should not be deployed near large metallic objects.
Reinforced Concrete Structures:
These structures have a high attenuation factor inside the building. They reduce the radio coverage range
of the Base stations and repeaters and therefore require a higher number of base stations or repeaters in
the building. Lighter types of construction materials require fewer base stations since attenuation figures
are considerably lower.
Others Recommendations:
• Maximum distance between two base stations varies depending on material and construction of
buildings, but there must always be synchronization chains and radio coverage overlap between the
two base stations or handover between radio units. The time it takes a person to cross the common
coverage area must be 10 seconds or more, as the handset needs time to scan for an alternative base
stations.
• Ensure that the installation area is located no closer than 6.1meters/20.0 feet from electric devices that
produce large electro-magnetic fields (EMF) or high levels of radio frequency energy. Possible EMF
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Parameters
Value
Comments
## Call Setup failures
## Dropped calls
## HO successes
## HO failures
Traffic Blocking Rate
(%)
Traffic Blocking (Erl)
Receiver level (dBm)
Receiver Quality (%)
sources are radio transmitters, electric arc welding machines, copying machines, electric motors,
refrigeration units, power transformers, electric load centers, and main circuit breaker panels.
• Ensure that the electrical service is sufficient and located in close proximity to the Base stations.
4.8 Network Assessment/Optimisation
This involves monitoring, verifying and improving the performance of the SME VoIP network. Depending on
the network setup and varying deployment conditions and network usage some requirements have to be
monitored and corrected.
The main focus of network optimisation should be telephony quality, handovers, network traffic and other
related measurements.
The quality of the network is ultimately determined by the satisfaction of users of the network. Therefore
before SME VoIP Networks are handed over to customers, Network providers must perform walk or drive
testing using the appropriate measurement kits.
The walk or drive testing kit includes 2 or 3 test phones, a walk/drive testing software (deployment kit
software) and a suggested walk path, etc.
Collect statistics of the network an example is illustrated in the table below:
After collecting the necessary information, you should fine tune signalling and radio resource sharing
parameters. Network optimisation is a continuous process during and after the launch of the network.
For example, if it is found that an area within a building has low signal level. There should be an immediate
scrutiny of base station and/or repeater locations, heights and tilts. The problem is sorted out by moving
the relevant devices and altering the tilts of these devices.
For buildings/halls constructed with high signal attenuation materials, deploying additional base stations
will be one of the solutions.
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5 Deployment Mechanics – Multi-cell SME Network
In this chapter we provide short description of practical cases of how Multi-cell SME VoIP network can be
deployed – unfold synchronisation details of how master bases latches to one or more slaves.
Case ##1: Synchronisation Chain with One Master Sync.
a) The Synchronisation chain must always overlap with other Base stations in order to latch each other in
Sync.
b) In this illustration Base station ##39 is the Sync Master
c) A maximum of 7 devices (Including the master bases) can be chained at a time
d) The other slave base stations or repeaters are connected to the Sync Master through the
synchronisation chain
e) If one of the base or repeater units in the sync chain is broken or not working, then the units that
follows non-working device are cut off from the sync chain. Therefore handover is not possible
between the non working units and working ones.
f) However, handover is possible in the deployment figure below, because e.g. both BS#01 and BS#02
overlaps with BS#39. Therefore when BS#01 is not active, handover between BS#39 and the rest of the
slaves is still permitted.
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Case ##2: Synchronisation Chain without Alternative Sync Paths
a) Assuming Master Sync source is Base station ##39. A maximum of 40 base stations can be deployed in
one setup (depending on the network requirement not all base stations should be chained).
b) A maximum of 7 devices can be chained at one time.
c) Depending on the system setup, it is recommended to place the Sync source Master in the middle of
the building and to assign numbers/addresses, radio ID (RPN), etc., to each base station or repeater for
easy identification.
Continuous line: Shows the primary sync paths, with the relevant bases chained in the multi-cell
network.
Dotted line: Alternative sync paths, but cannot be used because the relevant base stations have
not been chained.
Case ##3: Synchronisation Chain with Alternative Sync Paths
The illustration below shows a multi-cell network with alternative Synchronisation paths. A failure of one
base unit does not mean handset or users cannot perform handovers to other active cells.
BS#39 is the SYNC Master, if BS#05 is down, most user handovers can be formed via 3 other alternative
cells (i.e. BS#06, BS#02 and BS#04) without any problems at all.
Furthermore observe the following:
BS#04 and BS#01 are Primary with alternative sync to BS#39.
BS#05 is primary sync to BS#04 while alternative sync is BS#01 or BS#02
BS#03 is primary sync to BS#02 while alternative sync is BS#05 or BS#06.
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In the illustration below:
BS#24 is primary sync to BS#25 while alternative sync is BS#20
BS#22 is primary sync to BS#20 while alternative sync is BS#21 or BS#23.
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6 Installation of Base Stations/Repeater
After planning the network, next is to determine the proper places or location the relevant base stations
will be installed. Therefore, we briefly describe the how to install the base station in this chapter.
6.1 Package - Contents/Damage Inspection
Before Package Is Opened:
Examine the shipping package for evidence of physical damage or mishandling prior to opening. If there is a
proof of mishandling prior to opening, you must report it to the relevant support center of the regional
representative or operator.
Contents of Package:
Make sure all relevant components are available in the package before proceeding to the next step.
Every shipped base unit package/box contains the following items:
2 x mounting screws and 2 x Anchors
1 x Metal plate(s)
1 x Plastic stand
1 x Cat. 5 cable (Ethernet cable)
Base unit
Damage Inspection:
The following are the recommended procedure for you to use for inspection:
1. Examine all relevant components for damage.
2. Make a “defective on arrival - DOA” report or RMA to the operator. Do not move the shipping
carton until it has been examined by the operator. If possible send pictures of the damage. The
operator/regional representative will initiate the necessary procedure to process this RMA. They
will guide the network administrator on how to return the damaged package if necessary.
3. If no damage is found then unwrap all the components and dispose of empty package/carton(s) in
accordance with country specific environmental regulations.
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LED State
State
Unlit
No power in unit
Unlit/Solid red
Error condition
Blinking green
Initialisation
Solid red
Factory reset warning or long press in BS reset button
Blinking red
Factory setting in progress
Solid green
Ethernet connection available (Normal operation)
Blinking red
Ethernet connect not available OR handset de/registration failed
Solid red
Critical error (can only be identified by RTX Engineers). Symptoms
include no system/SIP debug logs are logged, etc.
Orange
Press reset button of base station.
RTX Base station Provides RF Channels to Handsets
The base station supports 12 RF channels simultaneously for all DECT bands, summarised below:
The RF communication is provided according to the band standard at the site:
Frequency band: 1880 MHz – 1930 MHz (DECT)
1880 – 1900 MHz (10 carriers) Europe/ETSI
1910 – 1930 MHz (10 carriers) LATAM
1920 – 1930 MHz (5 carriers) US
Other frequency bands can be customized via Base station low-level debug programming.
6.2 RTX Base station Mechanics
The base station front end shows an LED indicator that signals different functional states of the base unit
and occasionally of the overall network. The indicator is off when the base unit is not powered.
The table below summarises the various LED states:
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