RTI PMX-III X-Ray User manual
PMX-III
X-ray multimeter version 6.0
oRTIgo version 3.0
Declaration of conformity
We, RTI Electronics AB, Göteborgsvägen 97 / 50, SE-431 37 MÖLNDAL, Sweden,
declare under our sole responsibility that the product:
Product name:
Type of equipment:
PMX-III
X-ray multimeter; kVp, exposure time, and dose meter
Intended use of this product:
Accessory to diagnostic X-ray equipment, to be used
Model name:
R/M, R/CT, PH
for service and quality control.
is in conformity with the following standards:
Medical electrical equipment
Part 1: General requirements for safety (COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 93/42/EEC, Annexes
V and VII)
Part 2: Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements and tests
(EN 60601-1-2: 1993)
following the provisions of the 93/42/EEC Medical Devices Directive.
Mölndal, 1998-11-13, ……………………………………
Lars Herrnsdorf, Vice President
Address: RTI Electronics AB Göteborgsvägen 97 / 50 SE-431 37 MÖLNDAL Sweden
Phone: +46 (0)31 746 36 00 Fax: +46 (0)31 27 05 73 E-mail: info@rti-e.se Web: www.rti-e.se
2-CE-03000-2 Tillverkardeklaration PMX-III.DOC
NOTICE
NOTICE
RTI Electronics AB reserves all rights to make changes in
the PMX-III family of meters and the information in this document
without notice.
RTI Electronics AB assumes no responsibility for any errors or consequential
damages that may result from the use or misinterpretation of any information
contained in this document.
© Copyright 1999, RTI Electronics AB. All rights reserved.
Contents of this document may not be reproduced in any form without
permission of RTI Electronics AB.
NOTE!
This user manual is valid for PMX-III with the following version: 6.0
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.
HP is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company.
Appletalk and Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Incorporated.
Microsoft, Windows and Windows 95 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation
RTI Electronics AB
Göteborgsvägen 97 / 50
SE-431 37 MÖLNDAL
Sweden
Phone: Int +46 31 746 36 00
Fax: Int +46 31 270 573
E-mail: info@rti-e.se
Web: http://www.rti-e.se
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B I-1
PREFACE
Chapter 1 Gives an introduction to the PMX-III.
Description of ADI, applications and typical use
Chapter 2 Describes general functions and connectors
Chapter 3 Set up the system for measurements
Chapter 4 Learn to make basic QC measurements.
Chapter 5 Service and Maintenance related measurements
II,, Dose/frame, DSI, and light measurements.
PREFACE
Chapter 6 Remote control of the PMX-III using oRTIgo.
Chapter 7 Display code list and kVp correction graph.
Chapter 8 Precautions and maintenance.
Chapter 9 Detector range and detector selection guide,
problem report document.
Chapter 10 Hints and troubleshooting, backup of calibration data
Index Important words are listed in alphabetical order.
It is advisable to read through the user manual at least once to gain
familiarity with the terms used and the capabilities of the PMX-III.
It is possible to make measurements quickly with a minimum of reading.
To do this read the instructions on the top panel of the instrument.
Consult the PMX-III reference manual for more specific information.
Note! The PMX-III is intended for service and quality control of diagnostic X-ray
equipment. It is not intended for for use during or together with
diagnostic examinations of patients.
I-2 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I-NOTICE ............................1
I-PREFACE ...........................2
1-INTRODUCTION .......................7
1.1 Overview .........................7
1.2 Package Information and Changes Version 6.0 ....8
1.3 Options and Accessories ................8
1.4 Application Notes ....................8
1.5 About oRTIgo Version 3.0................8
1.6 About ADIs ........................9
1.6.1 What is the Function of an ADI ............9
1.6.2 What to do when Changing an ADI..........9
1.6.3 Any Precautions? ...................9
TOC
1.6.4 How to Choose the Correct ADI Module .......9
1.7 Shortform Detector Selection Guide ..........10
1.8 Typical Use .......................11
2-DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III ..................13
2.1 Front Panel ........................13
2.2 The Display........................13
2.3 The LED Indicators ...................14
2.4 Front Panel Keys ....................16
2.5 Back Panel and AMP-1 .................17
2.6 The Battery Case ....................18
2.7 Top Panel.........................19
2.8 Special Remarks for Use of ADI 8/A(P1) ........20
2.9 AMP-1 Front Panel....................21
2.10 Operation of Principle of the Electrometer .....21
3-HOW TO SET UP THE SYSTEM ..............23
4-BASIC QC MEASUREMENTS ................25
4.1 kVp and Time (Multimeter Mode) ...........25
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 3
4.1.1 PARAMETER.....................25
4.1.2 MODE ........................25
4.1.3 When to use SET and LOCK modes .........25
TOC
4.1.4 When and how to use manual LOCK mode .....26
4.1.5 When to use LF and HF: ...............26
4.1.6 TUBE/FILTER ....................27
4.1.7 Measurement with the MAM/RAD version ......28
4.1.8 Default values for F3-F5 (MAM/RAD version) ....29
4.1.9 CT kVp Measurement with the CT/RAD version ...29
4.2 Dose and Dose Rate (Dosimeter Mode)........31
4.2.1 When and How to Use Manual LOCK Mode .....32
4.2.2 How to Use Free Run/Trig Mode ...........32
4.2.3 Active Keys ......................33
4.2.4 How to Make a Measurement ............35
4.3 The Waveform Analyzer ................36
4.3.1 Examples of waveforms ...............37
4.3.2 Waveform flowchart .................38
4.4 Using preamplifier AMP-1 ................39
4.5 Measurements with the AMP-1 ............41
4.5.1 General .......................41
4.5.2 Detector Range and Identification Codes ......42
5-SERVICE / MAINTENANCE .................43
5.1 Introduction .......................43
5.1.1 New Version of Firmware for PMX-III. ........43
5.1.2 Extension Cable Added. ...............44
5.1.3 Probe Holder Added. .................44
5.1.4 ADIs Removed from Detector Cables. ........44
5.1.5 Maintenance. .....................44
5.2 Entrance Dose Rate Measurements ..........45
5.2.1 Very Low Entrance Dose Rate to an Image Intensifier 45
5.2.2 Hints .........................47
5.2.3 Example of Dose Rate Waveforms .........48
5.3 Fluoroscopy low mA ..................48
5.3.1 II-Entrance Dose Rate (µGy/s) ............48
4 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
5.4 Exposure Dose .....................49
5.4.1 Fluorography and Radiography............49
5.5 Measurement of kVp...................50
5.5.1 Long Exposure time, Skin Dose, and Dose Rate
(SET MODE) ........................50
5.5.2 Short Exposure Time, Skin Dose and Dose Rate
(MANUAL LOCK MODE) ..................51
5.6 Light Measurements, Detector and Adapters .....52
5.6.1 Introduction ......................52
5.6.2 Measurement of Luminance (cd/m²) .........55
5.6.3 Measurements on CRTs and Film Viewing Boxes . . 56
5.6.4 Ambient Light and Other Sources of Error ......57
5.7.3 Measurement of Illuminance (lx) ...........59
5.7 Examples of Field Measurements ...........60
5.7.1 Check the total Contrast Range for the System,
From the Image Intensifier to the Monitor. .........60
5.7.2 Check that the Dose and Dose Rate Level is within
Specification for all II Formats. ...............61
6-REMOTE CONTROL USING ORTIGO ............63
6.1 Introduction .......................63
TOC
6.2 oRTIgo version 3.0....................64
6.3 Connecting PMX-III to a Computer ...........65
6.4 Start oRTIgo 3.0 .....................66
6.5 What is a Record.....................67
6.6 Application example...................68
6.7 List of Hotkeys and Short Cuts .............76
6.7.1 General ........................76
6.7.2 Waveform Analyzer..................78
6.7.3 Text Editor and NotePad ...............79
7-DISPLAY CODES, SENSITIVITY AND FILTRATION ....81
7.1 Display codes ......................81
7.1.1 Most Common Display Codes ............81
7.1.2 Description of the Display Codes ...........82
7.2 KVp Sensitivity Graph ..................85
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 5
7.3 Filtration Dependence ..................86
7.4 KVp Correction Graphs .................88
7.4.1 Radiographic - CA-1, 2.0-5.5 mm Al .........88
TOC
7.4.2 Radiographic CA-1, 3.0, 4.0, and
5.0 mm Al+0.1 mm Cu ...................89
8-PRECAUTIONS AND MAINTENANCE............91
8.1 Safety Rules .......................91
8.2 Precautions .......................91
8.3 Maintenance .......................92
9-Notes and Reports .....................93
9.1 Application Notes Related to PMX-III..........93
9.2 Problem report ......................98
10-HINTS AND TROUBLESHOOTING .............99
10.1 Hints...........................99
10.1.1 General Info .....................99
10.1.2 oRTIgo Measurement ................99
10.2.1 Dose Measurements ................101
10.2.2 Questions on kV Measurements ..........104
10.2.3 Light Measurements.................104
10.2.4 General Questions .................105
10.2 Troubleshooting ....................106
10.3 Save EEPROM and ADI data..............108
10.3.1 Backup of internal EEPROM and ADI Modules . . 108
10.4 Restoring data from backup ..............110
10.4.1 Restore the content of PMX-III internal EEPROM . 110
INDEX ..............................113
6 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
INTRODUCTION Overview
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
PMX-III is a combined dosimeter and multimeter with a waveform analyzer
for both stand alone and remote control use.
PMX-III operates in four different main modes:
As a dosimeter, measuring dose and dose rates simultaneously.
•
The PMX-III can be operated from the control room. Functions as hold, normalize,
auto range, and auto reset are available. Use of light detectors or current detectors
makes it possible to measure , cd/m
As a multimeter measuring kVp, time, dose, and dose rate simultaneously.
•
As a waveform analyzer
•
• Remote controlled by the oRTIgo software.
2
, lx , mA, and mAs.
PMX-III can be used to measure the following:
• Dose, dose rate, and
dose/frame
• Light output from monitors
and film viewing boxes
using L100 light detector
• mA and mAs using
optional current probes
1
Chapter
•
Mammo kVp and
diagnostic kVp accuracy
•
Exposure time accuracy
•
Reproducibility of kVp,
time, and output
•
mAs-linearity
•
HVL
•
kV and radiation output waveform
•
Dose rate, mA and light waveforms
•
Dose/frame, frame/s and monitor frequency (Hz) automatically using waveform
analyzer
PMX-III version 6.0 can be programmed to always start up in dosimeter mode
or multimeter mode or what mode was used when last powered off.
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 7
About oRTIgo Version 3.0 INTRODUCTION
1.2 Package Information and Changes Version 6.0
Please read the addendum to the reference manual.
1.3 Options and Accessories
Please study the RTI’s product catalogue that should be included in the
Chapter
package. The latest information can be found on RTI’s web site www.rti-e.se.
1
1.4 Application Notes
For A list of available application notes, see chapter 9 “Notes and Reports”.
All application notes can be downloaded from our web page . They are stored
as pdf files.
1.5 About oRTIgo Version 3.0
This manual briefly describe oRTIgo version 3.0 in chapter 6, for detail
information please study the oRTIgo user manual.
Example of dose rate waveform with automatic calculation of dose/frame and frame/s
8 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
INTRODUCTION About ADIs
1.6 About ADIs
1.6.1 What is the Function of an ADI
The ADI contains the calibration factors for the detector with the same serial
number. It also informs the PMX which detector is being used and transfers
data to PMX-III for optimize the use of the detector.
As an example the selected ADI can inform if PMX-III should display dose
rate or dose values after power on.
1
Chapter
ADI multi module (replaces the need for
up to 5 separate R100 ADIs, option)
1.6.2 What to do when Changing an ADI
The PMX reads the ADI at power on, after each exposure in multimeter mode
and when pressing Reset. The display will indicate the type of ADI. Pressing
reset longer than2sindosimeter mode will make a new offset calibration. A
“c” is displayed after reset to indicate calibration.
Do not expose during the time “c” is displayed.
1.6.3 Any Precautions?
The ADI contains an EEPROM with the probe calibration data. The
calibration data can be downloaded to your PC by the oRTIgo program
delivered with the PMX. In case of deletion (Er.30 message) this data can
then be restored again. Also the internal Eeprom can be restored the same
way. See chapter 10 “Hints and Troubleshooting” for more information.
1.6.4 How to Choose the Correct ADI Module
See the Short form Detector Selection Guide below.
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 9
Shortform Detector Selection Guide INTRODUCTION
1.7 Shortform Detector Selection Guide
Chapter
1
Type
ADI
Code
R100 8/A
R100 8/A(P1)
R100 8/A(P2)
R25 7/B
R100 8/D
L100 6/U
Beam Quality Typical Use
50-150 kV
W/23 mm Al
50-150 kV
W/23 mm Al
50-150 kV
W/23 mm Al
50-150 kV
W/3mmAl
25-35 kV
Mo/ 30m Mo
Luminance
CIE filter
film dose / rate 0,001-40 mGy/s
II dose rate input 0,03-0,46 µGy/s
II dose rate input 0,10-46 µGy/s
Skin dose / rate 0,004-160 mGy/s
skin dose to breast 0,002-90 mGy/s
Monitor adapter
Film viewing box
Typical Range
(rate)
0,1 cd>1000 cd/ m
0,5 cd>9999 cd/ m
L100 6/Y Illuminance, diffusor LUX adapter 0,25 - 4000 lx
Invasive mA & mAs
MAS-1 5
(use the mA
mA and mAs 0,10-2000 mA
test socket)
2
2
MAS-2 4
MAS-3 J
The R25 and R100 are
ideal for field service
situations. They do not
need corrections for
temperature or pressure
an need no bias voltage.
Non-invasive mA &
mAs
State of the art
non-invasive mA &
mAs
mA and mAs 50-2000 mA
mA and mAs 0,10-2000 mA
10 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
INTRODUCTION Typical Use
1.8 Typical Use
(ADI=Automatic Detector Identification)
Application
Cont. fluoroscopy 3/6
mA
DSI/spotfilm fixed
current
DSI/spotfilm falling
load
Ambient light level 6/Y Illuminance, (lx)
Skin dose
Monitor light output
with test pattern
mA, mAs, and mA
waveform check
ADI
8/A(P1) Dose rate only
8/A(P2)
8/A
7/B
6/U Luminance (cd/m
5
Measurements
Dose rate & dose rate
Dose rate & dose (less
sensitive)
Unfiltered beam (3mm
Al.)
with MAS-1 current
probe
Power on
Display
rate
dose
rate
dose
2
)
rate
dose
PMX
Display
code
8.AP1
8.A.P2
8.-A-
6.-y-
7.-B-
6.-Y-
MAS.1
1
Chapter
Determine dose/frame
and number/frames per
second
Determine monitor
vertical frequency
8/A(P2)
6/U
oRTIgo waveform
analyzer (see record
news1.dta)
oRTIgo waveform
analyzer (see record
news1.dta)
- Not valid
- Not valid
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 11
Chapter
1
Typical Use INTRODUCTION
This page is intentionally blank.
12 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III The Display
2 DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III
2.1 Front Panel
PMX-III is equipped with a membrane switch panel with 9 different switches,
one LCD display, and 8 LED indicators,4. Each time a key is pressed a beep
is generated to indicate that PMX-III has recognized the key.
2
Chapter
2.2 The Display
The display is a four digit LCD (liquid crystal display). The display is used to
show digits and text and to indicate dose and dose rate units. Dose and dose
rate are indicated at the top and bottom of the display.
The character “c” in the first position indicates that PMX-III is performing
internal calibrations. This is done after each exposure in multimeter mode and
when RESET is pressed in dosimeter mode.
When PMX-III operates in multimeter mode and is turned upside-down the
display information is automatically turned around. This function can be
turned off by means of the programming feature.
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 13
Chapter
2
The LED Indicators DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III
2.3 The LED Indicators
Eight LED indicators are used to indicate different parameters and modes of
operation. The LED indicators are turned on each time a measurement is
performed or a
function is selected.
In multimeter mode
the LEDs are on for
10 seconds and then
turned off to save
power. If the LEDs
are off, they can be
turned on again by
pressing the upper
cursor key.
In dosimeter mode
the LEDs are on
continuously.
The following LED indicators are on the front panel:
kVp Indicates tube voltage.
sec Indicates exposure time, measured in seconds.
msec Indicates exposure time, measured in
milliseconds.
pulse Indicates exposure time, measured in pulses.
14 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III The LED Indicators
2
Chapter
MAMMO ON: Indicates that the selected tube/fil
ter combination corresponds to a
mammo X-ray unit, i.e. the MAM
sensor area is used.
OFF: Indicates that the selected tube/fil-
ter combination corresponds to a
conventional X-ray unit, i.e. the
RAD sensor area is used.
HF ON: Indicates high frequency mode.
OFF: Indicates low frequency mode.
LOCK ON: Indicates LOCK or manual LOCK
mode.
OFF: Indicates SET mode.
-
PRO ON: Indicates PROGRAMMING mode
(the ON/OFF key acts as ENTER
key) or that the dosimeter is acti
vated.
DOSIMETER OFF Indicates multimeter measuring
mode.
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 15
-
Chapter
2
Front Panel Keys DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III
2.4 Front Panel Keys
The front panel keys are used to
choose different operating modes.
The same key may have different
functions in multimeter and
dosimeter modes.
The following keys are on the
front panel, see figure.
ON/OFF (ENTER) Power on/off and enter key in programming mode.
PARAMETER Multimeter:
ter an exposure.Dosimeter: No function.
MODE Changes operating mode
TUBE/FILTER Multimeter: Selects tube/filter combination.
Dosimeter:
F3/RESET Multimeter: Activates a setup table.
Dosimeter: Performs reset of the electrometer.
F4/DOSE Multimeter:
Dosimeter: Selects dose.
F5/RATE Multimeter: Activates a setup table.
Dosimeter: Selects rate.
Selects parameter to be displayed af
No function
Activates a setup table.
-
UPARR and
DNARR
16 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
Select different entries when moving around in the
menus.
DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III Back Panel and AMP-1
2.5 Back Panel and AMP-1
On the back panel the AMP-1 preamplifier/serial interface, there are four
connectors:
Detector connector input
•
9-pin ADI connector
•
8- pin MINI-DIN serial connector
•
BNC output
•
2
Chapter
A BNC connector
for connection to
an oscilloscope or
voltmeter.
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 17
Chapter
2
The Battery Case DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III
2.6 The Battery Case
Two high power alkaline “6LR61” 9 V batteries should be used if battery is
used. Preferable a Battery Replacement Box “BRB” for mains power could be
used instead of the two batteries.
18 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III Top Panel
2.7 Top Panel
On the top you will find indications for two sensor areas for MAM and RAD
and indication where to place the dose detector (in multimeter mode), and
user instructions for PMX-III
2
Chapter
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 19
Chapter
2
Special Remarks for Use of ADI 8/A(P1) DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III
2.8 Special Remarks for Use of ADI 8/A(P1)
The remarks are valid for PMX-III working in dosimeter mode:
Check that the correct ADI and detector is connected and that the detector is not
•
radiated during the time RESET is pressed.
Always press RESET until "c" appears, when a detector has been connected, to read
•
the ADI information. PMX-III then automatically selects Range 3 and then makes a
check that the correct offset level exists before the instrument is ready to measure.
A few picoampere current spike can create a doserate overflow that make the dose
•
display indication show HI.SI. This situation can typically happen when the user
connects or changes detector and ADI with power on, and the preamplifier circuitry
at the same time is activated. Press RESET to clear. This is not seen if the user
selects RATE before changing to 8/A(P1) ADI since the current spike happens only
once, and when the display updates the value is back to zero again. In the new
release of PMX-III version 6.0 PMX-III automatically starts up in dose-rate mode
for 8/A(P1) and therefore the message HI.SI is not seen anymore.
• The offset adjustment potentiometer hole on the back is only for service purposes
for detectors where the detector offset level can change dramatically between
different types. This is not the case for the R100, R25, and L100 detectors. The hole
should normally be sealed.
If the offset value is negative the PMX-III cannot work properly. If the offset value
is to high then the measuring range value will be limited.
A voltmeter have to be connected to BNC output on the back panel to be able to test
the offset level correctly. Normal working levels for R100 using 8/A(P1) is between
100 and 300 mV.
A correct value is 200 ±30 mV after reset and normal working condition .
(Without any ADI connected and after Reset the normal level is 100 ±20 mV.)
Only adjust the potentiometer if you are sure that the real offset level is outside
the accepted range that is valid for the ADI used.
20 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III Operation of Principle of the Electrometer
2.9 AMP-1 Front Panel
2
Chapter
2.10 Operation of Principle of the Electrometer
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 21
Chapter
2
Operation of Principle of the Electrometer DESCRIPTION OF PMX-III
This page is intentionally blank.
22 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
HOW TO SET UP THE SYSTEM
3 HOW TO SET UP THE SYSTEM
Place PMX-III in the X-ray field for multimeter measurements.
•
For dosimeter measurements place the PMX-III as convenient for you as
•
possible and use the 8 meter extension cable and the probe holder to put
the detector in the measurement field.
If a computer is used, connect the interface cable between your PMX-III
•
AMP-1 and the computer (com l or Com 2), use serial extension cable if
needed.
Connect the ADI-module and detector, use detector extension cable if
•
needed.
Connect the power supply to the BRB-1.
•
• Power on the PMX-III, start oRTIgo or follow instructions on top panel.
3
Chapter
Figure 1. Correct connection of the serial cable, the detector cable, and ADI.
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 23
Chapter
3
HOW TO SET UP THE SYSTEM
Figure 2. Detail picture of connection of the serial cable, the detector
cable, and ADI Multi module (option).
Figure 3. Correct connection of the serial cable, and ADI for the old
serial interface.
24 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
BASIC QC MEASUREMENTS kVp and Time (Multimeter Mode)
4 BASIC QC MEASUREMENTS
4.1 kVp and Time (Multimeter Mode)
4.1.1 PARAMETER
This key selects the measuring parameter to be displayed.
Each time the key is pressed the display changes between kVp, exposure time,
dose, and dose rate.
4.1.2 MODE
This key selects the type of measuring mode:
SET or LOCK mode, manual LOCK mode, LF or HF mode, waveform
analyzer , or dosimeter mode.
Chap
4.1.3 When to use SET and LOCK modes
SET basic measuring mode (>50 ms exposure times).
LOCK- kVp and time measurements for short exposure
times. (See also manual LOCK mode)
Two exposures must be done when using LOCK Mode. One to set PMX gain
and range and one to get the values.
4
Chapter
Use LOCK Mode to
•
Study the beginning of the exposure waveform using the BNC output
•
Measure exposure time by counting pulses.
PMX-III Manual 1999-03/6.0B 25
kVp and Time (Multimeter Mode) BASIC QC MEASUREMENTS
4.1.4 When and how to use manual LOCK mode
Chapter
When it is impossible to make a set exposure because of too short
•
exposure time.
When the user wants to control how PMX-III selects kV-range and gain:
•
Press DNARR to select between:
F1:G1 to F1:G4 - F2:G1 to F2:G4
F1= kV range 45-90 kV
F2= kV range 85-155 kV
G1= Very low X-ray output
G2= Low X-ray output
G3= Average X-ray output
G4= High X-ray output
4
The electrometer always uses range rA:3 .
4.1.5 When to use LF and HF:
LF - single phase
- three phase 6-pulse
- 12-pulse, DC, and mammo units
- HF > 5 kHz and ripple less than 5 %
- Most modern DC/DC X-ray units.
HF - 0.8-5 kHz, only when ripple>5%.
The analog output bandwidth for PMX-III is 800 Hz in LF mode and 10 kHz
in HF mode.
26 1999-03/6.0B PMX-III Manual
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