R&S ZNC Series, ZND, ZNC3 User Manual
R&S® ZNC/ZND
Vector Network Analyzers
User Manual
(;×íÇ2)
1173955702
User Manual
Version 37
This manual describes the following vector network analyzer types:
●
R&S®ZNC3 (2 ports, 9 kHz to 3 GHz, N connectors), order no. 1311.6004K12
Hardware Options
–
R&S®ZNC-B10 "GPIB Interface", order no. 1316.1617.02
–
R&S®ZN-B14 "Handler I/O", order no. 1316.2459.05
–
R&S®ZNC-B19 "Additional Removable Hard Disk, 32 bit IPS1", order no. 1323.9503.02
–
R&S®ZNC-B19 "Additional Removable Hard Disk, 64 bit IPS2", order no. 1323.9503.08
–
R&S®ZNC3-B22 "Extended Power Range for R&S®ZNC3", order no. 1316.1752.02
Software Options
–
R&S®ZNC-K2 "Time Domain Analysis", order no. 1316.1630.02
–
R&S®ZNC-K19 "1 mHz Frequency Resolution", order no. 1317.8596.02
●
R&S®ZND (2 ports, 100 kHz to 4.5 GHz, unidirectional, N connectors), order no. 1328.5170.92
Hardware Options
–
R&S®ZND-B7 "High Output Power", order no. 1338.1578.02
–
R&S®ZND-B10 "GPIB Interface", order no. 1328.5358.02
–
R&S®ZN-B14 "Handler I/O", order no. 1316.2459.05
Software Options
–
R&S®ZND-K1 "Frequency range extension to 8.5 GHz for unidirectional instrument", order no.
1328.5306.02
(not compatible with R&S®ZND-K5 and R&S®ZND-K8)
–
R&S®ZND-K2 "Time Domain (TDR)", order no. 1328.5393.02
–
R&S®ZND-K5 "Bidirectional measurements 100 kHz to 4.5 GHz", order no. 1328.5312.02
(not compatible with R&S®ZND-K1 and R&S®ZND-K6)
–
R&S®ZND-K6 "Bidirectional measurements 100 kHz to 8.5 GHz", order no. 1328.5329.02
(requires R&S®ZND-K1; not compatible with R&S®ZND-K5 and R&S®ZND-K8)
–
R&S®ZND-K8 "Frequency range extension to 8.5 GHz for bidirectional instrument", order no.
1328.5412.02
(requires R&S®ZND-K5; not compatible with R&S®ZND-K1 and R&S®ZND-K6)
–
R&S®ZND-K7 "Extended Power Range", order no. 1328.5335.02
–
R&S®ZND-K19 "1 mHz Frequency Resolution", order no. 1326.8089.02
© 2019 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1173.9557.02 | Version 37 | R&S® ZNC/ZND
Throughout this manual, R&S® is abbreviated as R&S.
R&S® ZNC/ZND
1 Preface.................................................................................................. 13
1.1 Documentation Overview........................................................................................... 13
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual................................................................................................. 13
1.1.2 User Manual and Help.................................................................................................. 13
1.1.3 Service Manual............................................................................................................. 13
1.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures....................................................................................14
1.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions...............................................................................................14
1.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures.......................................................................................... 14
1.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA).......................................... 14
1.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc..............................................14
1.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation.................................................................15
Contents
Contents
1.2.1 Typographical Conventions...........................................................................................15
1.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions.......................................................................15
1.2.3 Notes on Screenshots...................................................................................................15
2 Safety Information................................................................................16
3 Release Notes for Firmware V2.94..................................................... 17
4 Getting Started..................................................................................... 18
4.1 Putting the Analyzer into Operation..........................................................................18
4.1.1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument...................................................................... 18
4.1.2 Positioning the Instrument.............................................................................................19
4.1.3 Bench Top Operation.................................................................................................... 19
4.1.4 Operation in a 19" Rack................................................................................................ 20
4.1.5 EMI Suppression...........................................................................................................20
4.1.6 Connecting the Analyzer to the AC Supply................................................................... 21
4.1.7 Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down..................................................................... 21
4.1.8 Standby and Ready State............................................................................................. 22
4.1.9 Connecting External Accessories................................................................................. 22
4.1.10 Minimizing the VNA Application.................................................................................... 25
4.2 Instrument Tour...........................................................................................................26
4.2.1 Front Panel....................................................................................................................26
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R&S® ZNC/ZND
4.2.2 Rear Panel.................................................................................................................... 32
4.3 Operating the Instrument........................................................................................... 34
4.3.1 Manual Operation .........................................................................................................35
4.3.2 Control Elements of the Application Window................................................................ 39
4.3.3 Working with Dialogs.....................................................................................................45
4.3.4 Handling Diagrams, Traces, and Markers.....................................................................46
4.3.5 Entering Data................................................................................................................ 50
4.3.6 Scaling Diagrams.......................................................................................................... 53
4.4 Performing Measurements.........................................................................................58
4.4.1 Transmission S-Parameter Measurement.....................................................................59
4.4.2 Reflection S-Parameter Measurement..........................................................................66
5 Concepts and Features....................................................................... 68
Contents
5.1 Basic Concepts........................................................................................................... 68
5.1.1 Global (Persistent) Settings.......................................................................................... 68
5.1.2 Recall Sets.................................................................................................................... 69
5.1.3 Traces, Channels and Diagrams...................................................................................69
5.1.4 Sweep Control...............................................................................................................71
5.1.5 Data Flow...................................................................................................................... 75
5.2 Screen Elements......................................................................................................... 77
5.2.1 Display Elements of a Diagram.....................................................................................77
5.2.2 Dialogs.......................................................................................................................... 88
5.2.3 Trace Formats...............................................................................................................91
5.3 Measurement Results................................................................................................. 99
5.3.1 S-Parameters................................................................................................................ 99
5.3.2 Impedance Parameters...............................................................................................101
5.3.3 Admittance Parameters...............................................................................................103
5.3.4 Wave Quantities and Ratios........................................................................................105
5.3.5 Unbalance-Balance Conversion..................................................................................109
5.3.6 Reference Impedances................................................................................................111
5.3.7 Stability Factors...........................................................................................................113
5.3.8 Delay, Aperture, Electrical Length............................................................................... 114
5.4 Operations on Traces................................................................................................115
5.4.1 Limit Check..................................................................................................................115
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R&S® ZNC/ZND
5.4.2 Trace Files...................................................................................................................120
5.5 Calibration................................................................................................................. 125
5.5.1 Calibration Types........................................................................................................ 126
5.5.2 Calibration Standards and Calibration Kits................................................................. 137
5.5.3 Calibration Pool...........................................................................................................143
5.5.4 Calibration Labels....................................................................................................... 143
5.5.5 Automatic Calibration.................................................................................................. 143
5.5.6 Scalar Power Calibration.............................................................................................149
5.5.7 Parallel Calibration of Multiple Channels.................................................................... 154
5.6 Offset Parameters and Embedding......................................................................... 155
5.6.1 Offset Parameters....................................................................................................... 155
5.6.2 Embedding and Deembedding....................................................................................161
5.7 Optional Extensions and Accessories....................................................................173
Contents
5.7.1 Frequency Range Extension to 8.5 GHz for unidirectional R&S ZND........................ 173
5.7.2 Bidirectional Measurements 100 kHz to 4.5 GHz for R&S ZND................................. 174
5.7.3 Bidirectional Measurements 100 kHz to 8.5 GHz for R&S ZND................................. 174
5.7.4 Frequency Range Extension to 8.5 GHz for bidirectional R&S ZND.......................... 174
5.7.5 Time Domain Analysis.................................................................................................174
5.7.6 Frequency Resolution 1 mHz......................................................................................182
5.7.7 High Output Power for R&S ZND................................................................................182
5.7.8 GPIB Interface.............................................................................................................182
5.7.9 Handler I/O (Universal Interface)................................................................................ 182
5.7.10 Additional Removable System Drive...........................................................................183
5.7.11 Extended Power Range.............................................................................................. 183
5.7.12 External Power Meters................................................................................................183
6 GUI Reference.................................................................................... 186
6.1 Function Keys and Softtools................................................................................... 186
6.2 Meas Softtool.............................................................................................................188
6.2.1 S-Params Tab............................................................................................................. 188
6.2.2 Ratios Tab................................................................................................................... 197
6.2.3 Wave Tab.................................................................................................................... 200
6.2.4 Z←Sij Tab....................................................................................................................203
6.2.5 Y←Sij Tab................................................................................................................... 205
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R&S® ZNC/ZND
6.2.6 Y-Z-Params Tab.......................................................................................................... 206
6.2.7 Stability Tab................................................................................................................. 208
6.2.8 Power Sensor Tab....................................................................................................... 210
6.3 Format Softtool..........................................................................................................211
6.4 Scale Softtool............................................................................................................ 217
6.4.1 Scale Values Tab.........................................................................................................218
6.4.2 Scale Coupling Tab..................................................................................................... 220
6.4.3 Zoom Tab.................................................................................................................... 221
6.5 Trace Config Softtool................................................................................................223
6.5.1 Traces Tab...................................................................................................................223
6.5.2 Mem Math Tab............................................................................................................ 228
6.5.3 All Mem All Data Tab................................................................................................... 235
6.5.4 Time Domain Tab........................................................................................................ 237
Contents
6.5.5 Time Gate Tab.............................................................................................................241
6.5.6 Trace Statistics Tab..................................................................................................... 243
6.5.7 Smooth Shift Hold Tab................................................................................................ 248
6.5.8 Trace Data Tab............................................................................................................251
6.6 Lines Softtool............................................................................................................ 258
6.6.1 Limit Test Tab.............................................................................................................. 258
6.6.2 Ripple Test Tab............................................................................................................266
6.6.3 Circle Test Tab.............................................................................................................270
6.6.4 Display Circle Tab....................................................................................................... 273
6.6.5 Horiz. Line Tab............................................................................................................ 275
6.7 Marker Softtool..........................................................................................................276
6.7.1 Markers Tab................................................................................................................ 276
6.7.2 Marker Props Tab........................................................................................................ 278
6.7.3 Marker Search Tab...................................................................................................... 281
6.7.4 Multiple Peak Tab........................................................................................................ 285
6.7.5 Target Search Tab....................................................................................................... 286
6.7.6 Bandfilter Tab.............................................................................................................. 288
6.7.7 Set by Marker Tab....................................................................................................... 293
6.7.8 Info Field Tab...............................................................................................................294
6.8 Stimulus Softtool...................................................................................................... 295
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R&S® ZNC/ZND
6.8.1 Stimulus Tab................................................................................................................295
6.8.2 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 297
6.8.3 Time Domain X-Axis Tab.............................................................................................298
6.9 Power Bw Avg Softtool.............................................................................................300
6.9.1 Power Tab................................................................................................................... 300
6.9.2 Bandwidth Tab.............................................................................................................300
6.9.3 Average Tab................................................................................................................ 301
6.10 Sweep Softtool.......................................................................................................... 303
6.10.1 Sweep Params Tab..................................................................................................... 303
6.10.2 Sweep Type Tab..........................................................................................................306
6.10.3 Sweep Control Tab...................................................................................................... 316
6.11 Cal Softtool................................................................................................................320
6.11.1 Start Cal Tab............................................................................................................... 320
Contents
6.11.2 Cal Devices Tab.......................................................................................................... 341
6.11.3 Pwr Cal Settings Tab................................................................................................... 354
6.11.4 Use Cal Tab.................................................................................................................360
6.12 Channel Config Softtool........................................................................................... 365
6.12.1 Channels Tab.............................................................................................................. 365
6.12.2 Mode Tab.................................................................................................................... 369
6.12.3 Pwr Cal Settings Tab................................................................................................... 374
6.13 Trigger Softtool......................................................................................................... 374
6.13.1 Trigger Tab.................................................................................................................. 374
6.13.2 Sweep Control Tab...................................................................................................... 379
6.14 Offset Embed Softtool.............................................................................................. 379
6.14.1 Offset Embed Dock Widget.........................................................................................379
6.14.2 Offset Tab.................................................................................................................... 387
6.14.3 One Way Loss Tab...................................................................................................... 393
6.14.4 Single Ended Tab........................................................................................................ 395
6.14.5 Fixture Modeling Dialog.............................................................................................. 398
6.14.6 Port Sets Tab...............................................................................................................407
6.14.7 Balanced Tab.............................................................................................................. 410
6.14.8 Ground Loop Tab........................................................................................................ 412
6.14.9 Differential Match Tab..................................................................................................414
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R&S® ZNC/ZND
6.14.10 Config Tab................................................................................................................... 416
6.15 File Softtool............................................................................................................... 417
6.15.1 Recall Sets Tab........................................................................................................... 418
6.15.2 Favorites Tab...............................................................................................................420
6.15.3 Print Tab...................................................................................................................... 421
6.15.4 Trace Data Tab............................................................................................................421
6.15.5 More Tab..................................................................................................................... 421
6.16 Print Softtool............................................................................................................. 422
6.16.1 Print Tab...................................................................................................................... 422
6.16.2 Printer Setup Dialog.................................................................................................... 423
6.17 Applic Softtool...........................................................................................................424
6.17.1 External Tools Application........................................................................................... 424
6.18 Display Softtool.........................................................................................................426
Contents
6.18.1 Diagram Tab................................................................................................................ 426
6.18.2 Split Tab...................................................................................................................... 430
6.18.3 Config Tab................................................................................................................... 432
6.18.4 View Bar Tab............................................................................................................... 437
6.18.5 Touchscreen Tab.........................................................................................................438
6.19 Setup Softtool............................................................................................................439
6.19.1 Setup Tab.................................................................................................................... 439
6.19.2 Freq. Ref. Tab............................................................................................................. 453
6.19.3 Remote Settings Tab................................................................................................... 454
6.19.4 External Devices Tab.................................................................................................. 457
6.20 Help Softtool..............................................................................................................462
6.21 Additional Function Keys.........................................................................................463
7 Remote Control.................................................................................. 465
7.1 Introduction to Remote Control...............................................................................465
7.1.1 Starting a Remote Control Session.............................................................................466
7.1.2 GPIB Explorer............................................................................................................. 466
7.1.3 Switchover to Remote Control.................................................................................... 468
7.1.4 Combining Manual and Remote Control..................................................................... 471
7.2 Messages................................................................................................................... 472
7.2.1 Device Messages (Commands and Device Responses)............................................ 472
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R&S® ZNC/ZND
7.2.2 SCPI Command Structure and Syntax........................................................................472
7.2.3 SCPI Parameters........................................................................................................ 476
7.3 Basic Remote Control Concepts............................................................................. 478
7.3.1 Traces, Channels, and Diagram Areas....................................................................... 478
7.3.2 Active Traces in Remote Control.................................................................................479
7.3.3 Initiating Measurements, Speed Considerations.........................................................480
7.3.4 Addressing Traces and Channels............................................................................... 481
7.4 Command Processing.............................................................................................. 482
7.4.1 Input Unit.....................................................................................................................482
7.4.2 Command Recognition................................................................................................483
7.4.3 Data Base and Instrument Hardware..........................................................................483
7.4.4 Status Reporting System............................................................................................ 484
7.4.5 Output Unit.................................................................................................................. 484
Contents
7.4.6 Command Sequence and Command Synchronization............................................... 484
7.5 Status Reporting System......................................................................................... 486
7.5.1 Overview of Status Registers......................................................................................487
7.5.2 Structure of an SCPI Status Register..........................................................................487
7.5.3 Contents of the Status Registers................................................................................ 489
7.5.4 Application of the Status Reporting System................................................................496
7.5.5 Reset Values of the Status Reporting System............................................................ 499
8 Command Reference......................................................................... 500
8.1 Special Terms and Notation..................................................................................... 500
8.1.1 Upper/Lower Case...................................................................................................... 501
8.1.2 Special Characters......................................................................................................501
8.1.3 Parameters..................................................................................................................501
8.1.4 Numeric Suffixes......................................................................................................... 501
8.2 Common Commands................................................................................................ 502
8.3 SCPI Command Reference.......................................................................................503
8.3.1 CALCulate Commands............................................................................................... 504
8.3.2 CONFigure Commands...............................................................................................652
8.3.3 CONTrol Commands...................................................................................................659
8.3.4 DIAGnostic Commands...............................................................................................668
8.3.5 DISPlay Commands....................................................................................................670
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R&S® ZNC/ZND
8.3.6 FORMat Commands................................................................................................... 694
8.3.7 HCOPy Commands.....................................................................................................696
8.3.8 INITiate Commands.................................................................................................... 700
8.3.9 INSTrument Commands..............................................................................................703
8.3.10 MEMory.......................................................................................................................704
8.3.11 MMEMory Commands................................................................................................ 706
8.3.12 OUTPut Commands....................................................................................................743
8.3.13 PROGram Commands................................................................................................ 748
8.3.14 [SENSe:] Commands.................................................................................................. 751
8.3.15 SOURce Commands...................................................................................................849
8.3.16 STATus Commands.....................................................................................................872
8.3.17 SYSTem Commands................................................................................................... 875
8.3.18 TRACe Commands..................................................................................................... 901
Contents
8.3.19 TRIGger Commands................................................................................................... 904
8.4 R&S ZVR/ZVABT Compatible Commands...............................................................911
9 Programming Examples....................................................................935
9.1 Basic Tasks................................................................................................................935
9.1.1 Typical Stages of a Remote Control Program.............................................................935
9.1.2 Channel, Trace and Diagram Handling.......................................................................938
9.2 Condensed Programming Examples...................................................................... 944
9.2.1 Path Independent RC Programs................................................................................. 944
9.2.2 Trace and Diagram Handling...................................................................................... 945
9.2.3 Using Markers............................................................................................................. 954
9.2.4 Data Handling............................................................................................................. 956
9.2.5 Calibration................................................................................................................... 960
9.2.6 Fixture Modeling..........................................................................................................965
10 Error Messages and Troubleshooting..............................................967
10.1 Errors during Firmware Operation.......................................................................... 967
10.1.1 Asynchronous Errors...................................................................................................968
10.1.2 Errors during Measurement........................................................................................ 968
10.2 Errors during Firmware Installation/Update........................................................... 969
10.3 Obtaining Technical Support................................................................................... 970
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R&S® ZNC/ZND
11 Annexes..............................................................................................971
11.1 Administrative Tasks................................................................................................ 971
11.1.1 Windows Operating System........................................................................................971
11.1.2 Firmware Update.........................................................................................................972
11.1.3 Remote Operation in a LAN........................................................................................ 972
11.2 System Recovery...................................................................................................... 976
11.3 Interfaces and Connectors.......................................................................................977
11.3.1 Rear Panel Connectors...............................................................................................977
11.3.2 LAN Interface.............................................................................................................. 979
11.3.3 GPIB Interface.............................................................................................................979
11.3.4 Handler I/O (Universal Interface)................................................................................ 983
11.4 Maintenance.............................................................................................................. 991
11.4.1 Cleaning...................................................................................................................... 991
Contents
11.4.2 Storing and Packing the Instrument............................................................................ 992
11.4.3 Replacing Fuses......................................................................................................... 992
11.5 Showroom Mode....................................................................................................... 992
11.6 ENA Emulation Commands......................................................................................993
Glossary: Frequently Used Terms.................................................. 1001
List of Commands............................................................................1007
Index..................................................................................................1024
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R&S® ZNC/ZND
Contents
12User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
R&S® ZNC/ZND
1 Preface
1.1 Documentation Overview
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual
Preface
Documentation Overview
This chapter provides safety-related information, an overview of the user documentation and the conventions used in the documentation.
This section provides an overview of the R&S ZNC/ZND user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S ZNC/ZND product page at:
●
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZNC
●
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZND
Introduces the R&S ZNC/ZND and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
1.1.2 User Manual and Help
The user manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also
provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control
commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
The contents of the user manual is available as help in the R&S ZNC/ZND. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the instrument
and its firmware.
The user manual is also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.1.3 Service Manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
●
R&S ZNC Service Manual
13User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
R&S® ZNC/ZND
1.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures
1.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions
1.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures
Preface
Documentation Overview
●
R&S ZND Service Manual
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S ZNC/ZND in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S ZNC/ZND. It also lists
the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See
●
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZNC
●
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZND
1.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See
●
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZNC
●
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZND
1.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See
●
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZNC
●
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZND
14User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
R&S® ZNC/ZND
1.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation
1.2.1 Typographical Conventions
Preface
Conventions Used in the Documentation
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
"Graphical user interface elements"
File names, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
1.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to perform the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is described.
Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an additionally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or
the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating procedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a keyboard.
1.2.3 Notes on Screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
15User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
R&S® ZNC/ZND
2 Safety Information
Safety Information
The product documentation helps you use the R&S ZNC/ZND safely and efficiently.
Follow the instructions provided here and in the printed "Basic Safety Instructions".
Keep the product documentation nearby and offer it to other users.
Intended use
The R&S ZNC/ZND is intended for the development, production and verification of
electronic components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments. Use the R&S ZNC/ZND only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating
conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you about the potential dangers and gives instructions how to prevent personal injuries or damage caused
by dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
The printed "Basic Safety Instructions" provide safety information in many languages and are delivered with the R&S ZNC/ZND.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.
16User Manual 1173.9557.02 ─ 37
R&S® ZNC/ZND
3 Release Notes for Firmware V2.94
Release Notes for Firmware V2.94
Version 2.94 of the R&S ZNC/ZND firmware provides the following changes:
New Functionality
●
Windows 10 support
– New R&S ZND ship with Windows 10 (64bit)
– Analyzer firmware V2.94 or higher supports Windows 10 and Windows 7
– Windows edition, version and build are now part of the analyzer's hardware info
For the R&S ZND, upgrade kits Windows 7 → Windows 10 and additional removable system drives with Windows 10 are also available
Improvements
●
Up to 100 trace colors in user-defined color schemes
See "Number of Trace Colors" on page 445
●
Ports sets for offset de-/embedding: the "port set number" is now indicated in the
"Port Set" selection combo boxes
●
Fixture Compensation calculation now uses the configured Freq for Loss instead of
a fixed reference frequency of 1 GHz
●
Marker tracking now also works for coupled markers
●
Touchstone file export dialog (free configuration): selected ports and port order can
be preserved per recall set
See "Save Settings in Recall Set" on page 258
●
Optimized calculation of time domain traces if balanced ports are configured and
distance is used as the x-axis
Solved Issues
●
For a unidirectional R&S ZND, the "S-Parameter Wizard" could not be finished
without calibration
●
"Low Pass Step" time domain representation (R&S ZNC/ZND-K2): DC extrapolation did only work for S-parameter traces
●
Fixture measurement data were not always stored with s1p file name extension
●
In presence of single-ended and balanced ports, sometimes the impedance
renormalization was not applied
Downgrade to a firmware version < 2.40
In order to downgrade the firmware from a version ≥ 2.40 to a version < 2.40, it is
required to uninstall the "R&S ZNBC Compass Webserver" using the Windows "Programs and Features" control panel before proceeding with the installation.
Firmware version
► To check your R&S ZNC/ZND firmware version, select "Help" > "About..." from the
main menu.
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4 Getting Started
4.1 Putting the Analyzer into Operation
Getting Started
Putting the Analyzer into Operation
This section describes the basic steps to be taken when setting up the analyzer for the
first time.
Simple measurement examples are provided in Chapter 4.4, "Performing Measure-
ments", on page 58; for a description of the operating concept refer to Chapter 4.3,
"Operating the Instrument", on page 34. For all background and reference informa-
tion concerning manual and remote control of the instrument, refer to your analyzer's
help system or user manual. A more detailed description of the hardware connectors
and interfaces is also part of the help system or user manual.
Risk of injury due to disregarding safety information
Observe the information on appropriate operating conditions provided in the data sheet
to prevent personal injury or damage to the instrument. Read and observe the basic
safety instructions provided with the instrument, in addition to the safety instructions in
the following sections. In particular:
●
Do not open the instrument casing.
Risk of instrument damage due to inappropriate operating conditions
An unsuitable operating site or test setup can damage the instrument and connected
devices. Before switching on the instrument, observe the information on appropriate
operating conditions provided in the data sheet. In particular, ensure the following:
●
All fan openings are unobstructed and the airflow perforations are unimpeded. A
minimum distance of 10 cm to other objects is recommended.
●
The instrument is dry and shows no sign of condensation.
●
The instrument is positioned as described in the following sections.
●
The ambient temperature does not exceed the range specified in the data sheet.
●
Signal levels at the input connectors are all within the specified ranges.
●
Signal outputs are connected correctly and are not overloaded.
4.1.1 Unpacking and Checking the Instrument
Check the equipment for completeness using the delivery note and the accessory lists
for the various items. If you notice any damage, immediately contact the carrier who
delivered the instrument.
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4.1.2 Positioning the Instrument
Getting Started
Putting the Analyzer into Operation
Packing material
Retain the original packing material. If the instrument needs to be transported or shipped later, you can use the material to protect the control elements and connectors.
Risk of injury during transportation
The carrying handles at the front and side of the casing are designed to lift or carry the
instrument. Do not apply excessive force to the handles. If a handle is ripped off, the
falling instrument can cause injury.
The network analyzer is designed for use under laboratory conditions, either on a
bench top or in a rack. Notice the general ambient conditions at the operating site
described under "Risk of instrument damage due to inappropriate operating conditions"
on page 18.
Instrument damage caused by electrostatic discharge
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage the electronic components of the instrument
and the device under test (DUT). Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when
you connect or disconnect a DUT or test fixture to the instrument's test ports. To prevent electrostatic discharge, use a wrist strap and cord and connect yourself to the
ground, or use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
4.1.3 Bench Top Operation
If the analyzer is operated on a bench top, the surface must be flat. The instrument can
be used in horizontal or vertical position, standing on its feet, or with the support feet
on the bottom expanded.
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Getting Started
Putting the Analyzer into Operation
Risk of injury if feet are folded out
The feet can fold in if they are not folded out completely or if the instrument is shifted.
Collapsing feet can cause injury or damage the instrument.
●
Fold the feet completely in or out to ensure stability of the instrument. Never shift
the instrument when the feet are folded out.
●
When the feet are folded out, do not work under the instrument or place anything
underneath.
●
The feet can break if they are overloaded. The overall load on the folded-out feet
must not exceed 500 N.
4.1.4 Operation in a 19" Rack
The R&S ZNC/ZND can be mounted in 19" racks using the adapter R&S ZZA-KN5
(order number 1175.3040.00). Proceed according to the mounting instructions supplied
with the rack adapter.
Risk of instrument damage due to insufficient airflow in a rack
If you mount several instruments in a rack, you need an efficient ventilation concept to
ensure that the instruments do not overheat. Insufficient airflow for a longer period can
disturb the operation and even cause damage.
4.1.5 EMI Suppression
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress generated Electromagnetic Interference:
●
Use suitable shielded cables of high quality (see table below)
●
Always terminate open cable ends
●
Note the EMC classification in the data sheet
Regarding cable length and quality, the following requirements have to be met:
Table 4-1: Cable Requirements
Cable Type (Connector) Requirement
RF cables (PORT 1, ..., PORT N) Double shielded
BNC cables (various) Double shielded
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4.1.6 Connecting the Analyzer to the AC Supply
Getting Started
Putting the Analyzer into Operation
Cable Type (Connector) Requirement
DB-25 (USER PORT) Double shielded
GPIB Standard cable
Handler I/O Standard cable
DVI-D (Monitor) 2 ferrite cores
LAN At least CAT6, S/FTP
USB Standard cables, length ≤ 3m
The network analyzer is automatically adapted to the AC supply voltage, which must
be in the range of 100 V to 240 V at 50 Hz to 60 Hz. The mains connector is located in
the upper part of the rear panel (see Chapter 4.2.2, "Rear Panel", on page 32).
► Connect the network analyzer to the AC power source using the AC power cable
delivered with the instrument.
The maximum power consumption and the typical power consumption of the individual
analyzer models are listed in the data sheet.
The R&S ZNC is protected by two fuses located in the fuse drawer below the AC
power switch; see Chapter 11.4.3, "Replacing Fuses", on page 992. There are no such
fuses on the R&S ZND.
4.1.7 Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down
The AC power switch is located in the upper part of the rear panel, together with the
mains connector and the fuse drawer (R&S ZNC only); see Chapter 4.2.2, "Rear
Panel", on page 32.
To start the analyzer, proceed as follows:
1. Switch the AC power switch to position I (On).
After power-on, the analyzer automatically goes to standby or ready state, depending on the state of the standby toggle key at the front panel when the instrument
was switched off last time.
2. If necessary, press the standby toggle key on the front panel to switch the instrument to ready state (the green LED goes on).
The instrument automatically performs a system check, boots the Windows® operating system and then starts the vector network analyzer (VNA) application. If it
was terminated regularly, the VNA application restores all recall sets and instrument settings of the previous analyzer session.
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Getting Started
Putting the Analyzer into Operation
To shut down the analyzer, proceed as follows:
1. Press the standby key.
Pressing the standby key causes the instrument to save all loaded recall sets, to
close the VNA application, to shut down Windows®, and to go to standby state. Of
course, you can also perform these steps manually, like in any Windows session.
2. If desired, set the AC power switch to position O (Off).
Risk of data loss
It is recommended to switch the analyzer to standby state before disconnecting it from
the AC supply. If you set the power switch to 0 while the VNA application is still running, you lose the current settings. Moreover, loss of program data cannot be excluded
if the application is terminated improperly.
The AC power switch can be permanently on. It is recommendable, however, to switch
it off if the instrument is not used for some time. When you switch the instrument back
on, be sure to comply with the extended warm-up phase specified in the data sheet.
To guarantee the specified functionality, after turning off the R&S ZNC/ZND, you have
to wait for at least 10 seconds before turning it on again. This rule applies to both the
AC power off and the standby state.
4.1.8 Standby and Ready State
The standby toggle key is located in the bottom left corner of the front panel.
In standby state, the right, amber LED is on. The standby power only supplies the
power switch circuits. In this state, it is safe to switch the AC power off and disconnect
the instrument from the power supply.
In ready state, the left, green LED is on and all modules are power-supplied. When
switched to ready state, the analyzer initiates its startup procedure.
Observe the instructions for startup and shutdown in Chapter 4.1.7, "Starting the Ana-
lyzer and Shutting Down", on page 21.
4.1.9 Connecting External Accessories
The analyzer's standard PC interfaces (Monitor, USB, LAN) can be used to connect
various accessories:
●
An external monitor expands/displays the Windows® desktop, which is, by default,
covered by the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) application window in full-screen
mode.
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4.1.9.1 Connecting a Monitor
Getting Started
Putting the Analyzer into Operation
●
External keyboard and mouse simplify local control, in particular manual (GUI)
operation of the VNA application.
●
A printer can be used to create hard copies of the measurement diagrams and
traces from within the VNA application.
●
A LAN connection can be established to access the analyzer's mass storage or
control the analyzer from an external PC.
External monitor, keyboard and mouse are not required for local operation. A
R&S ZNC/ZND can be fully controlled by tapping the touchscreen and front panel keys.
A standard monitor can be connected to the DVI-D connector on the rear panel of the
R&S ZNC/ZND (labeled "MONITOR (DVI-D)" on the R&S ZNC and "DVI" on the
R&S ZND). No extra configuration is required.
Safety aspects
The monitor must be connected while the instrument is switched off (or in standby
mode). Otherwise correct operation cannot be guaranteed.
Select SYSTEM > [DISPLAY] > "View Bar" > "Hard Key Panel On" from the menu bar
of the VNA application window to add the (virtual) "Hard Key Panel" to the application
window.
4.1.9.2 Connecting a Keyboard
A keyboard can be connected to any of the USB connectors. After being auto-detected
by the operating system, it can safely be disconnected and reconnected even during
measurements.
Keyboard configuration
The default input language is English – US. Select "Settings" > "Time & language" >
"Region & language" from the Windows® Start menu to manage languages and keyboards.
Windows 7: select "Control Panel" > "Clock, Language, and Region" > "Region and
Language" > "Keyboards and Languages" from the Windows® Start menu to configure
the keyboard properties.
To access Windows®, press the Windows key on the front panel or on the external keyboard.
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4.1.9.3 Connecting a Mouse
4.1.9.4 Connecting a Printer
Getting Started
Putting the Analyzer into Operation
A USB mouse can be connected to any of the USB connectors. After being auto-detected by the operating system, it can safely be disconnected and reconnected even during measurements.
Mouse configuration
Select "Settings" > "Devices" > "Mouse & touchpad" from the Windows® "Start" menu
to configure the mouse properties.
Windows 7: select "Control Panel" > "Hardware and Sound" > "Devices and Printers" >
"Mouse" from the Windows® "Start" menu to configure the mouse properties.
To access Windows®, press the Windows key on the front panel or on the external keyboard.
A printer can be connected to any of the USB connectors. After successful installation,
it can safely be disconnected and reconnected even during measurements.
Before printing (SYSTEM – [PRINT]), the analyzer checks whether a printer is connected and turned on and whether the appropriate printer driver is installed.
Printer driver installation
If necessary, the printer driver installation is initiated using the operating system's "Add
Printer Wizard". The wizard is self-explanatory. A printer driver must be installed only
once.
A great variety of printer drivers is available on the analyzer. To obtain the complete
list, select "Settings" > "Devices" > "Printers & scanners" from the Windows® "Start"
menu.
Windows 7: select "Control Panel" > "Hardware and Sound" > "Devices and Printers"
from the Windows® "Start" menu.
To access Windows®, press the Windows key on the front panel or on the external keyboard.
You can load updated and improved driver versions or new drivers from an installation
disk, USB memory stick or another external storage medium. Alternatively, if the analyzer is integrated in a network, you can install driver data stored in a network directory.
In either case, use the "Add Printer" wizard to complete the installation.
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4.1.9.5 Connecting a LAN Cable
Getting Started
Putting the Analyzer into Operation
Printer configuration
Use the "Printer Setup" dialog of the firmware (SYSTEM – [PRINT] > "Print...") or the
Windows® printer management to configure the printer properties and printing preferences.
A LAN cable can be connected to the LAN connector on the rear panel of the analyzer.
To establish a LAN connection, proceed as follows:
1. Refer to Chapter 11.1.3.1, "Assigning an IP Address", on page 973.
2. Connect a CAT6 or CAT7 LAN cable to the LAN port.
The LAN port of the analyzer is an auto-crossover Ethernet port. You can connect it to
a network, but you can also set up a direct connection to a computer or another instrument. For both connection types, you can use either crossover or straight through
(patch) cables.
The IP address information is displayed in the SYSTEM – [SETUP] > "Remote Settings" softtool tab.
4.1.10 Minimizing the VNA Application
With a minimized VNA application, you can access your analyzer's Windows® desktop
or run other applications.
To exit the default full-screen mode of the VNA application, deselect SYSTEM – [DISPLAY] > "View Bar" > "Title Bar Task Bar". Then use the standard Windows® titlebar
functions to minimize/maximize/close the application window.
To start the VNA application with a minimized window
1. Right-click the Vector Network Analyzer shortcut icon on the desktop and open the
"Properties" dialog.
2. In the "Shortcut" tab, select "Run: Minimized".
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Getting Started
Instrument Tour
A software update restores the original shortcut properties.
4.2 Instrument Tour
This chapter gives an overview of the control elements and connectors of the
R&S ZNC/ZND and gives all information that is necessary to put the instrument into
operation and connect external devices.
4.2.1 Front Panel
The front panel of the network analyzer consists of the touchscreen with the diagrams
and softtool panels (left side), the hardkey area (right side) and the test port area
below. Brief explanations on the controls and connectors, the hardkey area and the
rear panel can be found on the next pages.
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Getting Started
Instrument Tour
Figure 4-1: Front View of R&S ZNC3
Figure 4-2: Front View of R&S ZND
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4.2.1.1 Touchscreen
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
Instrument damage caused by cleaning agents
Cleaning agents contain substances such as solvents (thinners, acetone, etc.), acids,
bases, or other substances. Solvents can damage the front panel labeling, plastic
parts, or screens, for example.
Never use cleaning agents to clean the outside of the instrument. Use a soft, dry, lintfree dust cloth instead.
The analyzer is equipped with a 12.1'' XGA color touchscreen. The touchscreen presents all measurement results, mostly in the form of diagrams. Besides, all instrument
functions can be accessed and operated by tapping the control elements on the touchscreen. For an introduction to touchscreen operation, refer to Chapter 4.3.1, "Manual
Operation ", on page 35.
The following sections contain further useful information about manual control of the
instrument.
●
Refer to the other sections in chapter Chapter 4.3, "Operating the Instrument",
on page 34 to learn how to handle traces and diagrams, and how to use menus,
keys and softtools.
●
Refer to Chapter 5.2.1, "Display Elements of a Diagram", on page 77 to obtain
information about the results in the diagram.
●
Refer to section Chapter 6.18, "Display Softtool", on page 426 to learn how to customize the screen.
●
Refer to the data sheet for the technical specifications of the display.
Screen saver
The screen saver function of the operating system can be used to switch off the display
if the analyzer receives no command for a selectable period of time. The display is
switched on again if any front panel key is pressed.
To enable the screen saver, access the Windows® operating system (e.g. by pressing
the Windows key in the SYSTEM keypad) and tap "Control Panel > Power Options >
Change Plan Settings > Turn off the display".
(Windows 7: "Control Panel > Hardware and Sound > Power Options > Edit Plan Settings > Turn off the display").
4.2.1.2 Function Keys
Most of the keys in the TRACE, CHANNEL, STIMULUS, and SYSTEM keypads call up
a related softtool of the analyzer GUI. Every softtool provides access to a group of related measurement settings.
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Getting Started
Instrument Tour
The TRACE keys give access to all trace settings, to the limit check settings, and to
the marker functions including marker search.
●
The [MEAS] settings select the measured and displayed quantity.
●
The [FORMAT] settings define how measured data (traces) are presented.
●
The [SCALE] settings define how traces are scaled.
●
The [TRACE CONFIG] settings store traces to the memory and perform mathematical operations on traces.
●
The [LINES] settings define limits for the measurement results, visualize them in
the diagrams and activate/deactivate the limit check.
●
The [MARKER] settings position markers on a trace, configure their properties and
select the format of the numerical readout. Markers can also be used to locate specific points on the trace, define the sweep range, and scale the diagram.
The CHANNEL keys give access to the hardware-related (channel) settings.
●
The [POWER BW AVG] settings define the power of the internal signal source, the
IF bandwidth, and the sweep average.
●
The [SWEEP] settings define the scope of measurement, including the sweep type
and the number of measured sweeps.
●
[CAL] provides all functions that are necessary to perform a system error correction
(calibration).
●
[CHANNEL CONFIG] provides functions for channel management.
●
The [TRIGGER] settings control the start of the measurement sequence.
●
[OFFSET EMBED] provides a selection of length offset parameters to shift the
measurement plane.
The STIMULUS keys ([START], [STOP], [CENTER], [SPAN]) define the sweep range,
depending on the sweep type.
The SYSTEM keys provide general system settings.
●
[FILE] provides standard Windows® functions used to create, save, recall or print
recall sets, to copy the active screen and to shut down the application.
●
The [PRINT] settings control an external printer that is used to print a hardcopy of
the current recall set.
●
[APPLIC] gives access to external software tools and optional extensions of the
analyzer firmware.
●
[DISPLAY] gives access to all display settings and to the functions which activate,
modify and arrange different diagrams.
●
[SETUP] provides general system settings which are not restricted to a particular
recall set.
●
The Windows® key opens the startup menu of the Windows® operating system
from where you can perform system configurations and call up additional software
utilities.
●
[HELP] opens the context-sensitive help system of the analyzer.
●
[PRESET] performs a preset of the instrument settings.
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4.2.1.3 Data Entry Keys
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
The keys in the DATA ENTRY keypad are used to enter numbers, units, and characters. The data entry keys are only enabled while the cursor is placed on a data input
field in a dialog or in the Help navigation pane.
●
The keys 0 to 9 enter the corresponding numbers.
●
The function of the "." and "–" keys depends on the data type of the active input
field:
– In numeric input fields, the keys enter the decimal point and a negative sign for
the entered numeric value. Multiple entries have not effect.
– In character input fields, the keys enter a dot and a hyphen, respectively. Both
entries can be repeated as often as desired.
●
The function of the four unit keys depends on the data type of the active input field;
see Chapter 4.3.5, "Entering Data", on page 50.
– In numeric input fields, the G/n, M/μ, k/m or x1 keys multiply the entered value
(-)9
(-)6
with factors of 10
, 10
(-)3
, 10
or 1 and add the appropriate physical unit. x1
is equivalent to ENTER and confirms the previous entry.
– In character input fields, the G/n, M/μ, k/m keys enter the letters G, M, K,
respectively. x1 is equivalent to ENTER and confirms the previous entry.
●
ESC is used to:
– Cancel entries / close dialogs without activating the entries made (equivalent to
the "Close" button).
– Close the Help system.
●
ENTER is used to:
– Activate the selected active control element, e.g. a button in a dialog or a link in
the "Contents" page of the Help system.
– Confirm selections and entries made and close dialogs (equivalent to the "OK"
button).
– Compress or expand menus or the Help table of contents
●
BACKSPACE deletes the last character before the cursor position or the selected
character sequence or numeric value.
4.2.1.4 Rotary Knob
The rotary knob increases and decreases numerical values, scrolls within lists, activates controls and confirms entries. Turning or pressing the rotary knob is equivalent to
the action of the "Cursor Up" and "Cursor Down" navigation keys or of the ENTER key
in the DATA ENTRY keypad, respectively.
STEP SIZE opens an input box to select the steps (in units of the current physical
parameter) between two consecutive numerical values. The step size is also valid for
value changes using the "Cursor Up" and "Cursor Down" keys. See also Chap-
ter 4.3.5.2, "Using the Numeric Editor", on page 51.
4.2.1.5 Navigation Keys
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