R&S VSE-K144 User Manual
R&S®VSE-K144
3GPP 5G NR Measurement
Application (Uplink)
User Manual
(;Üé32)
1178910302
Version 04
This manual applies to the following software, version 1.90 and later:
●
R&S®VSE Enterprise Edition base software (1345.1105.06)
●
R&S®VSE Basic Edition base software (1345.1011.06)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S®VSE-K144 (5G NR) (1309.9574.02)
© 2020 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.9103.02 | Version 04 | R&S®VSE-K144
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®VSE is indicated as
R&S VSE.
R&S®VSE-K144
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 7
1.1 About this Manual......................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Documentation Overview............................................................................................. 7
1.3 Typographical Conventions......................................................................................... 8
2 Welcome to the 5G NR Measurement Application............................10
2.1 5G NR Measurement Application Selection............................................................. 10
2.2 Display Information.....................................................................................................11
3 Measurements and Result Displays...................................................13
3.1 Selecting Measurements............................................................................................ 13
3.2 Selecting Result Displays.......................................................................................... 14
Contents
Contents
3.3 Performing Measurements.........................................................................................15
3.4 Result Summary..........................................................................................................15
3.5 I/Q Measurements....................................................................................................... 22
3.6 PRACH Analysis..........................................................................................................34
3.7 Frequency Sweep Measurements............................................................................. 35
3.8 Reference: Custom Limits..........................................................................................38
4 Configuration........................................................................................40
4.1 I/Q Measurement......................................................................................................... 40
4.1.1 Configuration Overview.................................................................................................41
4.1.2 Automatic Measurement Configuration.........................................................................42
4.1.3 Physical Signal Description...........................................................................................44
4.1.4 Component Carrier Configuration................................................................................. 47
4.1.5 Radio Frame Configuration........................................................................................... 50
4.1.6 Bandwidth Part Configuration....................................................................................... 54
4.1.7 Slot Configuration..........................................................................................................58
4.1.8 PUSCH and PUCCH Configuration.............................................................................. 66
4.1.9 Antenna Port Configuration...........................................................................................81
4.1.10 Advanced Settings........................................................................................................ 83
4.1.11 Selecting the Input and Output Source......................................................................... 87
4.1.12 Frequency Configuration...............................................................................................91
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4.1.13 Amplitude Configuration................................................................................................92
4.1.14 Trigger Configuration.....................................................................................................95
4.1.15 Data Capture.................................................................................................................97
4.1.16 Tracking.......................................................................................................................100
4.1.17 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 102
4.2 Frequency Sweep Measurement Configuration.....................................................104
4.3 Microservice Export..................................................................................................105
4.4 Time Trigger Measurement Guide........................................................................... 106
4.5 Reference: Structure of .allocation Files................................................................ 107
5 Analysis...............................................................................................114
5.1 General Analysis Tools.............................................................................................114
5.1.1 Data Export..................................................................................................................114
Contents
5.1.2 Diagram Scale.............................................................................................................115
5.1.3 Zoom........................................................................................................................... 116
5.1.4 Markers........................................................................................................................116
5.2 Analysis Tools for I/Q Measurements......................................................................117
5.2.1 Layout of Numerical Results........................................................................................117
5.2.2 Result Settings............................................................................................................ 117
5.2.3 Table Configuration..................................................................................................... 120
5.2.4 Result Views................................................................................................................120
5.2.5 Evaluation Range........................................................................................................122
5.3 Analysis Tools for Frequency Sweep Measurements............................................125
6 Remote Control.................................................................................. 126
6.1 Common Suffixes......................................................................................................126
6.2 Introduction............................................................................................................... 127
6.2.1 Conventions used in Descriptions...............................................................................127
6.2.2 Long and Short Form.................................................................................................. 128
6.2.3 Numeric Suffixes......................................................................................................... 128
6.2.4 Optional Keywords...................................................................................................... 129
6.2.5 Alternative Keywords.................................................................................................. 129
6.2.6 SCPI Parameters........................................................................................................ 129
6.3 5G NR Application Selection....................................................................................132
6.4 Screen Layout........................................................................................................... 132
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6.4.1 General Layout............................................................................................................132
6.4.2 Layout over all Channels.............................................................................................133
6.4.3 Layout of a Single Channel......................................................................................... 136
6.5 Measurement Control............................................................................................... 142
6.6 Remote Commands to Retrieve Numeric Results................................................. 144
6.6.1 Result Summary..........................................................................................................144
6.6.2 Marker Table............................................................................................................... 157
6.6.3 CCDF Table.................................................................................................................160
6.7 Limit Check Results..................................................................................................162
6.7.1 EVM Limits.................................................................................................................. 162
6.7.2 Frequency Sweep Limits.............................................................................................170
6.8 Retrieve Trace Data...................................................................................................172
6.8.1 Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command...........................................................................172
Contents
6.8.2 Read Measurement Results........................................................................................182
6.9 Configuration.............................................................................................................185
6.9.1 General Configuration................................................................................................. 186
6.9.2 Automatic Configuration..............................................................................................188
6.9.3 Physical Settings.........................................................................................................190
6.9.4 Component Carrier Configuration............................................................................... 194
6.9.5 General Radio Frame Configuration........................................................................... 196
6.9.6 Bandwidth Part Configuration..................................................................................... 197
6.9.7 Slot Configuration........................................................................................................200
6.9.8 SRS Configuration...................................................................................................... 207
6.9.9 PUCCH Allocation Configuration................................................................................ 216
6.9.10 PUSCH Allocation Configuration.................................................................................223
6.9.11 Enhanced PUCCH Allocation Configuration............................................................... 230
6.9.12 Enhanced PUSCH Settings: DMRS............................................................................236
6.9.13 Enhanced PUSCH Settings: PTRS.............................................................................245
6.9.14 Enhanced PUSCH Settings: Scrambling / Coding...................................................... 250
6.9.15 Antenna Port Configuration.........................................................................................253
6.9.16 Advanced Settings: Global..........................................................................................254
6.9.17 Advanced Settings: Reference Point A....................................................................... 258
6.9.18 Inputs Configuration.................................................................................................... 260
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6.9.19 Frequency Configuration.............................................................................................265
6.9.20 Amplitude Configuration..............................................................................................267
6.9.21 Data Capture...............................................................................................................271
6.9.22 Trigger.........................................................................................................................274
6.9.23 Tracking.......................................................................................................................280
6.9.24 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 282
6.9.25 PRACH Analysis......................................................................................................... 283
6.9.26 Frequency Sweep Measurements.............................................................................. 286
6.10 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 287
6.10.1 General Analysis Tools................................................................................................287
6.10.2 Analysis Tools for I/Q Measurements..........................................................................299
Contents
Annex.................................................................................................. 309
A Annex: Reference...............................................................................309
A.1 Menu Reference........................................................................................................ 309
A.1.1 Common R&S VSE Menus......................................................................................... 309
A.1.2 LTE Measurement Menus........................................................................................... 311
A.2 Reference of Toolbar Functions.............................................................................. 313
List of Commands (5G NR Uplink)................................................... 317
Index....................................................................................................326
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1 Preface
1.1 About this Manual
Preface
Documentation Overview
This User Manual describes information specific to measurements in the LTE mea-
surement application. All other applications are described in the corresponding application manuals.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the R&S VSE
Introduction to and getting familiar with the software
●
Measurements and Results
Descriptions of the measurement types available in the R&S VSE software
●
Controlling Instruments and Capturing I/Q Data
Methods of data acquisition and description of basic instrument control functions
●
LTE Measurements
Description of the settings and functions provided to analyze results with the software and the corresponding remote control commands
●
Remote Commands for LTE Measurements
Remote commands required to configure and perform measurements in a remote
environment, sorted by tasks
Remote commands required to set up the environment and to perform common
tasks in the software, sorted by tasks
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes
●
List of Commands
Alphabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
1.2 Documentation Overview
The user documentation for the R&S VSE consists of the following parts:
●
"Getting Started" printed manual
●
Online Help system in the software
●
CD-ROM including the following documentation:
– Getting Started
– User Manuals for base software and options
– Service Manual
– Release Notes
– Data sheet and product brochures
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Preface
Typographical Conventions
Online Help
The Online Help is embedded in the software. It offers quick, context-sensitive access
to the complete information needed for operation and programming. Online help is
available using the icon on the toolbar of the R&S VSE.
Getting Started
This manual is delivered with the software in printed form and in PDF format on the
CD. It provides the information needed to set up and start working with the software.
Basic operations and handling are described. Safety information is also included.
User Manuals
User manuals are provided for the base software and each additional (software)
option.
The user manuals are available in PDF format - in printable form - on the CD-ROM
delivered with the software. In the user manuals, all software functions are described in
detail. Furthermore, they provide a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples.
The user manual for the base software provides basic information on operating the
R&S VSE in general, and the I/Q Analyzer application in particular. Furthermore, the
software functions that enhance the basic functionality for various applications are
described here. An introduction to remote control is provided, as well as information on
troubleshooting.
In the individual application manuals, the specific software functions of the application
are described in detail. For additional information on default settings and parameters,
refer to the data sheets. Basic information on operating the R&S VSE is not included in
the application manuals.
Release Notes
The release notes describe the installation of the software, new and modified functions,
eliminated problems, and last minute changes to the documentation. The corresponding software version is indicated on the title page of the release notes.
Application Notes
Application notes, application cards, white papers and educational notes are further
publications that provide more comprehensive descriptions and background information. The latest versions are available for download from the Rohde & Schwarz website, at www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/.
1.3 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
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Preface
Typographical Conventions
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
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2 Welcome to the 5G NR Measurement Appli-
Welcome to the 5G NR Measurement Application
5G NR Measurement Application Selection
cation
The R&S VSE-K144 is a firmware application that adds functionality to measure signals according to the 3GPP 5G NR (new radio) standard on the downlink to the
R&S VSE.
Bandwidth of 5G NR signals
5G NR signals have a bandwidth between 5 MHz and 400 MHz.
If you measure signals with an instrument, measuring signals greater than 10 MHz
requires an instrument with one of the optional bandwidth extensions (28 MHz or
more).
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation. Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the spectrum application and are described in the R&S VSE
user manual. The latest versions of the manuals are available for download at the
product homepage.
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/vse.
● 5G NR Measurement Application Selection............................................................10
● Display Information..................................................................................................11
2.1 5G NR Measurement Application Selection
The 5G NR measurement application adds a new application to the R&S VSE.
Starting the application
1.
Select the "Add Channel" function in the Sequence tool window.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available in your R&S VSE.
2. Select the "5G NR" item.
The R&S VSE opens a new measurement channel for the 5G NR application.
The application starts with the default settings. You can configure measurements with
the items in the "Meas Setup" menu.
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2.2 Display Information
Welcome to the 5G NR Measurement Application
Display Information
The following figure shows a typical display of the 5G NR application. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
1 2 3 7 84 5 6
1 = Menu bar
2 = Toolbar
3 = Channel bar header, incl. color code for windows of the same channel (here: yellow)
4 = Channel bar
5 = Diagram header, incl. color code for windows of the same channel (here: yellow)
6 = Diagram area
7 = Diagram footer
8 = Status bar
Channel bar information
In the 5G NR measurement application, the R&S VSE shows the following settings:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the 5G NR measurement application
Ref Level Reference level
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Freq Frequency
Mode* 5G NR mode (link direction and channel bandwidth)
Frame Count* The first number represents the number of frames that have already been
captured.
The second number represents the total number of frames that will be
captured.
The third number in brackets represents the number of frames currently in
the capture buffer.
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Welcome to the 5G NR Measurement Application
Display Information
Capture Time Signal length that has been captured
Frame Frame that is currently analyzed
BWP/SS Shows the signal part for which results are displayed (evaluation range).
SS = synchronization signal
BWP = bandwidth part
View<x> Information about the contents of View 1 and View 2.
Select the button for access to the dialog box for view configuration..
The channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display of the
measured values (for example transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For a comprhensive
description, refer to the user manual of the R&S VSE.
Diagram header
The information in the diagram header depends on the result display.
●
All diagrams show the window number and type of result display.
●
Most diagrams contain trace information.
●
Some diagrams contain controls to customize the diagram contents. The diagram
header of the "Allocation Summary", for example, contains a control to select which
columns are displayed.
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
Regarding the synchronization state, the application shows the following labels.
●
"Sync OK"
The synchronization was successful. The status bar is green.
●
"Sync Failed"
The synchronization was not successful. The status bar is red.
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3 Measurements and Result Displays
Measurements and Result Displays
Selecting Measurements
The 5G NR measurement application measures and analyzes various aspects of a 5G
NR signal.
The application provides several measurements and result displays.
●
Measurements capture and analyze the signal in a different way.
●
Result displays are different representations of the measurement results. They are
either diagrams that show the results as a graph or tables that show the results as
numbers.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 186
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 136
● Selecting Measurements.........................................................................................13
● Selecting Result Displays........................................................................................14
● Performing Measurements......................................................................................15
● Result Summary......................................................................................................15
● I/Q Measurements...................................................................................................22
● PRACH Analysis..................................................................................................... 34
● Frequency Sweep Measurements.......................................................................... 35
● Reference: Custom Limits.......................................................................................38
3.1 Selecting Measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
The "Select Measurement" dialog box contains several buttons. Each button represents a measurement. A measurement in turn is a set of result displays that thematically belong together and that have a particular display configuration. If these predefined display configurations do not suit your requirements, you can add or remove
result displays as you like. For more information about selecting result displays, see
Chapter 3.2, "Selecting Result Displays", on page 14.
Depending on the measurement, the R&S VSE changes the way it captures and processes the raw signal data.
EVM
EVM measurements record, process and demodulate the signal's I/Q data. The result
displays available for EVM measurements show various aspects of the 5G NR signal
quality.
For EVM measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.5, "I/Q Measurements",
on page 22.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 186
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Measurements and Result Displays
Selecting Result Displays
PRACH Analysis
EVM measurements record, process and demodulate the PRACH. The result displays
available for PRACH measurements show various aspects of the PRACH signal quality.
For PRACH measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 186
Channel Power ACLR
ACLR measurements process captured the I/Q data.
The ACLR measurements evaluates the leakage ratio of neighboring channels and
evaluates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several
result displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.7, "Frequency Sweep Mea-
surements", on page 35.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 186
SEM
SEM measurements process captured the I/Q data.
The SEM measurements tests the signal against a spectrum emission mask and eval-
uates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several result
displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.7, "Frequency Sweep Mea-
surements", on page 35.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 186
3.2 Selecting Result Displays
Access: or "Window" > "New Window"
The R&S VSE opens a menu to select result displays. Depending on the number of
LTE channels you are currently using, there is a submenu that contains all available
result displays for each LTE channel.
In the default state of the application, it shows several conventional result displays.
●
Capture Buffer
●
EVM vs Carrier
●
Power Spectrum
●
Result Summary
●
Alloc ID vs Symbol x Carrier
●
Constellation Diagram
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3.3 Performing Measurements
Measurements and Result Displays
Result Summary
From that predefined state, add and remove result displays to the channels as you like
from the "Window" menu.
Remote command: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 136
By default, the application measures the signal continuously. In "Continuous Sweep"
mode, the R&S VSE captures and analyzes the data again and again.
●
For I/Q measurements, the amount of captured data depends on the capture time.
●
For frequency sweep measurement, the amount of captured data depends on the
sweep time.
In "Single Sweep" mode, the R&S VSE stops measuring after it has captured the data
once. The amount of data again depends on the capture time.
Refreshing captured data
You can also repeat a measurement based on the data that has already been captured
with the "Refresh" function. Repeating a measurement with the same data can be useful, for example, if you want to apply different modulation settings to the same I/Q data.
For more information, see the documentation of the R&S VSE.
3.4 Result Summary
In addition to various graphical results, the R&S VSE provides a numerical result summary for I/Q measurements. The result summary shows a multitude of results that indicate the signal quality, combined in one table.
The result summary is split into several parts.
●
Frame statistics, which evaluate the metrics of the resource elements in a complete
frame.
Results are averaged over frames.
●
Slot and subframe statistics, which evaluate metrics of the resource elements in a
single slot or subframe.
Results are averaged over slots / subframes.
Each row in the table corresponds to a certain metric or result parameter. You can add
or remove results you want to display as necessary.
By default, the R&S VSE evaluates the results over all captured frames, bandwidth
parts, subframes and slots. For most results, the result summary therefore contains a
mean (average), maximum and minimum value.
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Measurements and Result Displays
Result Summary
Limit check
The R&S VSE also tests several results against limits, if 3GPP has defined limits for a
result. Limits are only evaluated if the signal complies to the 3GPP specification
regarding the number of analyzed frames and the results are averaged over all frames.
Depending on the limit test, the results are highlighted.
●
If one of the results passes the limit, the value is highlighted green.
●
If one of the results violates the limit, the value is highlighted red.
●
Results that are not evaluated are not highlighted in a color.
For some results you can define custom limits. For more information, see Chapter 3.8,
"Reference: Custom Limits", on page 38.
You can check if a result supports limit evaluation in the result descriptions below. The
result descriptions also indicate special behavior of the limit check.
Evaluation range and multiple frame analysis
Unavailable for PRACH analysis.
The evaluation range selects the way the results are evaluated and which values are
displayed.
For the frame statistics, the evaluation range is irrelevant. However, you can select a
specific frame that you want to analyze.
●
Select "Frame Averaged" in the result summary header to display the average
result over all analyzed frames. The average results relate to all frames, not just
those in the capture buffer.
The table also shows the minimum and maximum values over the analyzed
frames.
●
Select "Selected Frame" in the result summary header to display the results for a
single frame.
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Measurements and Result Displays
Result Summary
If you analyze a single frame, the mean, minimum and maximum values are the
same.
For the slot statistics and subframe statistics, the effects of the evaluation range are
as follows.
●
Select "Frame Averaged" in the result summary header to display the average
results over all analyzed slots in all analyzed frames. The average results relate to
all frames, not just those in the capture buffer. The table also shows the minimum
and maximum values found in the analyzed frames.
When you select a specific BWP, subframe or slot while in "Frame Averaged"
mode, the R&S VSE automatically selects "Selected Frame" mode.
●
Select "Selected Frame" in the result summary header to display the results over
all analyzed slots in a single frame. The analyzed frame depends on the frame you
have selected. In this case, you can filter the evaluation range as you like.
Examples:
– If you select a specific BWP: the R&S VSE takes the average over all slots in
the selected BWP.
– If you select a specific subframe: the R&S VSE takes the average over all slots
in the selected subframe.
– If you select a specific slot: the R&S VSE shows the result for that slot.
Note that selecting a specific slot for the subframe results (frequency and sampling error) will not make a difference, because those results are always calculated over a complete subframe.
The current evaluation range is indicated in the header row of the slot statistics.
Multiple carrier analysis
Unavailable for PRACH analysis.
For measurements on multiple carriers, the contents of the result summary depend on
your configuration, especially the CC result setting.
●
Select "CC Result" = "All" to display information about all component carriers,
regardless of the number of component carriers.
– The "All" tab shows the average results for all component carriers. Each col-
umn in the table corresponds to one component carrier.
– The "View <x>" tabs show the detailed results for the component carriers
assigned to the two views.
●
Select "CC Result" = "Viewed" to display information about the component carriers
assigned to the two views.
– The "All" tab shows the average results for the two selected component carri-
ers. Depending on your selection in the result summary header, the results are
either averaged over all frames, or relate to a single frame.
– The "View <x>" tabs show the detailed results for the component carriers
assigned to the two views. Depending on your selection in the result summary
header, the results are either averaged over all frames, or relate to a single,
selected frame.
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Measurements and Result Displays
Result Summary
If you analyze only one frame, the results are the same in both cases.
Note that analyzing all component carriers is slower compared analyzing the viewed
component carriers, because of the post-processing that occurs during the analysis.
Thus, if time is an issue, you can select two component carriers to analyze, and, if you
are later interested in the characteristics of another component carrier, analyze that
component carrier later (the data of the other carriers is available, just not analyzed).
Units
Most of the units of the results are fixed.
The unit of the EVM results depends on the selected EVM unit.
EVM PUSCH.................................................................................................................18
EVM DMRS PUSCH..................................................................................................... 19
EVM PUCCH.................................................................................................................19
EVM DMRS PUCCH.....................................................................................................20
EVM PRACH.................................................................................................................20
Frame Start Offset.........................................................................................................20
EVM All......................................................................................................................... 20
EVM Peak..................................................................................................................... 20
EVM Phys Channel.......................................................................................................21
EVM Phys Signal.......................................................................................................... 21
Frequency Error............................................................................................................ 21
Sampling Error.............................................................................................................. 21
Power............................................................................................................................21
I/Q Offset.......................................................................................................................22
I/Q Gain Imbalance....................................................................................................... 22
I/Q Quadrature Error..................................................................................................... 22
Crest Factor.................................................................................................................. 22
EVM PUSCH
Shows the EVM for all PUSCH resource elements with a certain modulation in the analyzed frame (PI/2 BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM).
The values for resource elements with a PI/2 BPSK modulation is only calculated if you
turn on transform precoding.
When you turn on transform precoding, the allocations actually contain a PTRS. In that
case, the result summary also shows the combined EVM for PUSCH and PTRS.
Limit evaluation supported.
Unavailable for PRACH analysis.
Remote command:
PI/2 BPSK: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:
USPB[:AVERage]? on page 152
QPSK: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:USQP[:
AVERage]? on page 152
16QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:USST[:
AVERage]? on page 153
64QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:USSF[:
AVERage]? on page 153
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Measurements and Result Displays
Result Summary
256QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:
USTS[:AVERage]? on page 154
Limit check PI/2 BPSK: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:USPB:MAXimum:RESult? on page 167
Limit check QPSK: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:USQP:MAXimum:RESult? on page 168
Limit check 16QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:USST:MAXimum:RESult? on page 169
Limit check 64QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:USSF:MAXimum:RESult? on page 168
Limit check 256QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:USTS:MAXimum:RESult? on page 169
EVM DMRS PUSCH
Shows the EVM for all PUSCH DMRS resource elements with a certain modulation in
the analyzed frame (PI/2 BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM).
The values for resource elements with a PI/2 BPSK modulation is only calculated if you
turn on transform precoding.
Limit evaluation supported.
Unavailable for PRACH analysis.
Remote command:
PI/2 BPSK: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:
SDPB[:AVERage]? on page 148
QPSK: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDQP[:
AVERage]? on page 149
16QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDST[:
AVERage]? on page 150
64QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDSF[:
AVERage]? on page 149
256QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:
SDTS[:AVERage]? on page 150
Limit check PI/2 BPSK: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDPB:MAXimum:RESult? on page 163
Limit check QPSK: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDQP:MAXimum:RESult? on page 164
Limit check 16QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDST:MAXimum:RESult? on page 165
Limit check 64QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDSF:MAXimum:RESult? on page 164
Limit check 256QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:SDTS:MAXimum:RESult? on page 165
EVM PUCCH
Shows the EVM for all PUCCH resource elements in the analyzed frame.
Limit evaluation supported.
Unavailable for PRACH analysis.
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Result Summary
Remote command:
Result: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:UCCH[:
AVERage]? on page 151
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:UCCH:MAXimum:RESult? on page 166
EVM DMRS PUCCH
Shows the EVM for all PUSCH DMRS resource elements in the analyzed frame.
Unavailable for PRACH analysis.
Remote command:
Result: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:UCCD[:
AVERage]? on page 151
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:UCCD:MAXimum:RESult? on page 166
EVM PRACH
Shows the EVM for all PRACH resource elements in the captured signal.
Available for PRACH analysis.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:PRACh[:
AVERage]? on page 147
Frame Start Offset
Shows the start of the frame relative to the start of the capture buffer.
Unavailable for "Frame Averaged" results, otherwise refers to the selected frame.
For PRACH analysis, it shows the start of the preamble relative to the start of the cap-
ture buffer.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:TFRame? on page 157
EVM All
Shows the EVM for all resource elements in the selected evaluation range.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:
AVERage]? on page 146
EVM Peak
Shows the EVM of the resource element with the highest EVM value in the selected
evaluation range.
Unavailable for PRACH analysis.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:PEAK[:
AVERage]? on page 147
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Result Summary
EVM Phys Channel
Shows the EVM for all physical channel resource elements in the selected evaluation
range.
A physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying information
from higher layers. PDSCH, PUSCH, PBCH or PDCCH, for example, are physical
channels.
Unavailable for PRACH analysis.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel[:
AVERage]? on page 146
EVM Phys Signal
Shows the EVM for all physical signal resource elements in the selected evaluation
range.
The reference signal is a physical signal, for example.
Unavailable for PRACH analysis.
Frequency Error
Shows the difference in the measured center frequency and the reference center frequency.
The frequency error is calculated over a subframe.
Limit evaluation supported.
The limit check passes if both the minimum and maximum value pass. Only the mean
value is highlighted green (pass) or red (fail) respectively.
Remote command:
Result: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:FERRor[:
AVERage]? on page 154
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:FERRor[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 162
Sampling Error
Shows the difference in measured symbol clock and reference symbol clock relative to
the system sampling rate.
The sampling error is calculated over a subframe.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]?
on page 156
Power
Shows the average time domain power for all resource elements in the selected evaluation range.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]?
on page 156
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I/Q Measurements
I/Q Offset
Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power.
Not available for multiple BWPs.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:
AVERage]? on page 155
I/Q Gain Imbalance
Shows the logarithm of the gain ratio between the Q-channel and the I-channel.
Not available for multiple BWPs and only calculated if you turn on the calculation.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:
AVERage]? on page 154
I/Q Quadrature Error
Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q-channel and I-channel deviating
from the ideal 90 degrees.
Not available for multiple BWPs and only calculated if you turn on the calculation.
Crest Factor
Shows the peak-to-average power ratio of the captured signal.
Unavailable for PRACH analysis.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]? on page 146
3.5 I/Q Measurements
Access: [MEAS] > "EVM/Frequency Err/Power"
You can select the result displays from the evaluation bar and arrange them as you like
with the SmartGrid functionality.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 186
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 136
Capture Buffer...............................................................................................................23
EVM vs Carrier..............................................................................................................23
EVM vs Symbol.............................................................................................................24
EVM vs RB....................................................................................................................25
Frequency Error vs Symbol...........................................................................................26
Power Spectrum............................................................................................................26
Inband Emission............................................................................................................27
Flatness.........................................................................................................................28
CCDF............................................................................................................................ 29
Constellation Diagram...................................................................................................29
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Allocation Summary...................................................................................................... 30
Bitstream.......................................................................................................................31
EVM vs Symbol x Carrier..............................................................................................32
Power vs Symbol x Carrier............................................................................................32
Allocation ID vs Symbol x Carrier..................................................................................32
Marker Table ................................................................................................................ 33
Capture Buffer
The "Capture Buffer" shows the complete range of captured data for the last data capture.
The x-axis represents time. The maximum value of the x-axis is equal to the Capture
Time.
The y-axis represents the amplitude of the captured I/Q data in dBm (for RF input).
Figure 3-1: Capture buffer without zoom
A green vertical line at the beginning of the green bar in the capture buffer represents
the frame start. The diagram also contains the "Start Offset" value. This value is the
time difference between the frame start and capture buffer start.
For PRACH analysis, the green line indicates the location of the preamble relative to
the start of the capture buffer ("Preamble Start Offset").
The header of the "Capture Buffer" result display contains an "I/Q Export" button that
allows you to export I/Q data easily.
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CBUF
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 185
Frame start offset: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:TFRame?
on page 157
EVM vs Carrier
The "EVM vs Carrier" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the
subcarriers. With the help of a marker, you can use it as a debugging technique to
identify any subcarriers whose EVM is too high.
The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource elements for each subcarrier. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each analyzed slot in the capture buffer.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains a variable
number of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The traces show the average
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I/Q Measurements
EVM of the corresponding signal part. The diagram header contains a legend that
shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only one specific bandwidth part, or a single subframe, the diagram
contains three traces. The traces show the following information.
– The average subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
– The lowest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
– The highest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows
the subcarrier EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in
that case are the same.
The x-axis represents the center frequencies of the subcarriers. The y-axis shows the
EVM in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.
Remote command:
Selection LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVCA
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 185
EVM vs Symbol
The "EVM vs Symbol" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the
OFDM symbols. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any symbols
whose EVM is too high.
The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource elements for each subcarrier. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each analyzed slot in the capture buffer.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains a variable
number of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The diagram header contains
a legend that shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only one specific bandwidth part, a single subframe or a single slot,
the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows the average EVM of the symbols
in the selected signal part.
The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols, with each symbol represented by a dot on
the line. Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R&S VSE
could not determine the EVM for that symbol.
On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.
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Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVSY
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 185
EVM vs RB
The "EVM vs RB" result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) for all
resource blocks that can be occupied by the PDSCH.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains a variable
number of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The traces show the average
EVM of the corresponding signal part. The diagram header contains a legend that
shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only one specific bandwidth part, or a single subframe, the diagram
contains three traces. The traces show the following information.
– The average subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
– The lowest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
– The highest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows
the subcarrier EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in
that case are the same.
If you select and analyze one subframe only, the result display contains one trace that
shows the resource block EVM for that subframe only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that case are the same. For more information, see "Subframe Selec-
tion" on page 123.
The x-axis represents the PDSCH resource blocks. On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted
either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVRP
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 185
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I/Q Measurements
Frequency Error vs Symbol
Th e "Frequency Error vs Symbol" result display shows the frequency error of each
symbol. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any frequency errors within
symbols.
The result is an average over all subcarriers in the symbol.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains a variable
number of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The diagram header contains
a legend that shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only one specific bandwidth part, a single subframe or a single slot,
the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows the average frequency error of
the symbols in the selected signal part.
The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols, with each symbol represented by a dot on
the line. The number of displayed symbols depends on the subframe selection. Any
missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R&S VSE could not determine the frequency error for that symbol.
On the y-axis, the frequency error is plotted in Hz.
Note that the variance of the measurement results in this result display can be much
higher compared to the frequency error display in the numerical result summary,
depending on the PDSCH and control channel configuration. The potential difference is
caused by the number of available resource elements for the measurement on symbol
level.
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,FEVS
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 185
Power Spectrum
The "Power Spectrum" shows the power density of the complete capture buffer in
dBm/Hz.
The displayed bandwidth depends on the channel bandwidth.
The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the power level is plotted.
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I/Q Measurements
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,PSPE
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 185
Inband Emission
The "Inband Emission" result display shows the power of the unused resource blocks
relative to the allocated resource blocks (yellow trace). The diagram also shows the
inband emission limit lines (red trace). The allocated resource blocks are not evaluated.
The evaluation method depends on the evaluation range:
●
To check against limits, you have evaluate all bandwidth parts, subframes and
slots. In that case, the measurement is evaluated over 10 subframes as defined by
3GPP. In addition, analyze a number of frames according to the standard and all
slots in the frame.
●
If you select a specific slot, the inband emissions are evaluated over a single slot.
In that case, however, the measurement does not check against limits.
You can only use a single PUSCH or PUCCH allocation to get results for the inband
emission.
Limits for the inband emission are specified in 3GPP 38.521-1/2.
You can also display the inband emissions for the allocated resource block in addition
to the unused resource blocks when you select the "Inband Emissions All" result display.
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I/Q Measurements
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,IE
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,IEA
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 185
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:FAIL? on page 171
Flatness
The "Spectrum Flatness" result shows the relative power offset caused by the transmit
channel for each subcarrier.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all bandwidth parts (BWP), the result display contains a variable
number of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The traces show the average
flatness of the corresponding signal part. The diagram header contains a legend
that shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only one specific bandwidth part, a specific frame or a single subframe, the diagram contains three traces. The traces show the following information.
– The average subcarrier flatness over all slots in the selected signal part.
– The lowest subcarrier flatness over all slots in the selected signal part.
– The highest subcarrier flatness over all slots in the selected signal part.
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows
the subcarrier flatness for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in
that case are the same.
The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the channel flatness is plotted in
dB.
The spectrum flatness is also tested against the limits defined by 3GPP. Limit evaluation is slot based, so the limit lines (red color) are only displayed in the diagram, if you
select a certain slot.
Limits are defined for each operating band. For single carrier scenarios, the R&S VSE
automatically determines the operating band based on the center frequency. For multi
carrier scenarios, make sure to select the correct operating band. The shape of the
limit line also depends on the operating conditions.
Remote command:
Selecting the result display: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,SFL
Querying results:
TRACe:DATA?
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 185
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:FAIL? on page 171
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CCDF
The "Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)" shows the probability
of an amplitude exceeding the mean power. For the measurement, the complete capture buffer is used.
The x-axis represents the power relative to the measured mean power. On the y-axis,
the probability is plotted in %.
In addition to the diagram, the results for the CCDF measurement are summarized in
the CCDF table.
Mean Mean power
Peak Peak power
Crest Crest factor (peak power – mean power)
10 % 10 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB
1 % 1 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB
0.1 % 0.1 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB
0.01 % 0.01 % probability that the level exceeds mean power + [x] dB
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CCDF
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Numerical results: CALCulate<n>:STATistics:CCDF:X<t>? on page 161
Numerical results: CALCulate<n>:STATistics:RESult<res>? on page 161
Constellation Diagram
The "Constellation Diagram" shows the in-phase and quadrature phase results and is
an indicator of the quality of the modulation of the signal.
In the default state, the result display evaluates the full range of the measured input
data.
Each color represents a modulation type.
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
: RBPSK
: pi/2-BPSK
: QPSK
: 16QAM
: 64QAM
: 256QAM
: PSK (CAZAC)
You can filter the results by changing the evaluation range.
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I/Q Measurements
The constellation diagram shows the number of points that are displayed in the diagram.
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CONS
Query: TRACe:DATA?
Allocation Summary
The "Allocation Summary" shows various parameters of the measured allocations in a
table.
Each row in the allocation table corresponds to an allocation. A set of several allocations make up a slot. A horizontal line indicates the beginning of a new slot. Special
allocations summarize the characteristics of all allocations in a bandwidth part ("BWP
ALL") and the radio frame ("TOTAL ALL").
The columns of the table show the following properties for each allocation.
●
The location of the allocation (slot, subframe, bandwidth part number).
●
The ID of the allocation (channel type).
●
Number of resource blocks used by the allocation.
●
The relative power of the allocation in dB.
●
The modulation of the allocation.
●
The power of each resource element in the allocation in dBm.
●
The EVM of the allocation.
The unit depends on the EVM unit
Select "TableConfig" to open a dialog box that allows you to add and remove columns.
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,ASUM
Query: TRACe:DATA?
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