Page 1
R&S®NRX
Power Meter
User Manual
(;ÜÅÐ2)
1178556602
User Manual
Version 05
Page 2
This manual describes the R&S®NRX (1424.7005.02) with firmware version FW 02.20 and later.
In addition to the base unit, the following options are described:
●
R&S®NRX-B1 (1424.7805.02)
●
R&S®NRX-B4 (1424.8901.02)
●
R&S®NRX-B8 (1424.8301.02)
●
R&S®NRX-B9 (1424.8601.02)
●
R&S®NRX-K2 (1424.9208.02)
●
R&S®NRX-K4 (1424.9308.02)
© 2019 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.5566.02 | Version 05 | R&S®NRX
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®NRX is indicated as
R&S NRX.
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R&S®NRX
Contents
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................. 11
1.1 Documentation Overview........................................................................................... 11
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual..................................................................................................11
1.1.2 User Manuals and Help.................................................................................................11
1.1.3 Tutorials.........................................................................................................................11
1.1.4 Basic Safety Instructions............................................................................................... 11
1.1.5 Data Sheets and Brochures.......................................................................................... 11
1.1.6 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA).......................................... 12
1.1.7 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc..............................................12
1.2 Key Features................................................................................................................12
2 Safety Information................................................................................13
3 Instrument Tour....................................................................................14
3.1 Front Panel Tour..........................................................................................................14
3.1.1 Sensor Connector A and B........................................................................................... 14
3.1.2 Module Bay................................................................................................................... 14
3.1.3 Touchscreen..................................................................................................................16
3.1.4 Keys.............................................................................................................................. 16
3.1.5 USB Host Interface....................................................................................................... 18
3.1.6 On/Standby Key............................................................................................................ 18
3.2 Rear Panel Tour........................................................................................................... 19
3.2.1 Trig In / Out 2 and Out 1 / Trig Out Connectors............................................................ 19
3.2.2 Ethernet Interface..........................................................................................................20
3.2.3 USB Device Interface....................................................................................................20
3.2.4 USB Host Interface....................................................................................................... 20
3.2.5 AC Supply and Power Switch....................................................................................... 20
3.2.6 IEC 625/IEEE 488 Interface.......................................................................................... 20
3.2.7 Sensor Connectors C and D......................................................................................... 21
4 Preparing for Use.................................................................................22
4.1 Unpacking and Checking........................................................................................... 22
4.1.1 Accessory List............................................................................................................... 22
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4.2 Operating Conditions................................................................................................. 22
4.3 Important Aspects for Test Setup..............................................................................23
4.4 Placing on a Bench Top..............................................................................................23
4.5 Mounting in a Rack..................................................................................................... 25
4.6 Connecting to the AC Power Supply.........................................................................25
4.7 Switching On or Off.................................................................................................... 25
4.8 Connecting Power Sensors....................................................................................... 26
4.8.1 Sensor Connectors A to D............................................................................................ 26
4.8.2 Optional Sensor Interface for R&S NRT (R&S NRX-B9)...............................................27
4.8.3 LAN Interface................................................................................................................ 27
4.8.4 USB 2.0 Host Interfaces................................................................................................27
4.9 Connecting USB and External Devices.....................................................................28
5 Operating Concepts.............................................................................29
5.1 Manual Operation........................................................................................................29
5.1.1 Start Dialog................................................................................................................... 29
5.1.2 Main Measurement Dialog............................................................................................ 30
5.1.3 Status Information......................................................................................................... 32
5.1.4 Notification Center.........................................................................................................33
5.1.5 Selecting the Display Layout.........................................................................................34
5.1.6 Swapping Measurement Panes.................................................................................... 36
5.1.7 Editing Parameters........................................................................................................37
5.1.8 Creating and Saving Screenshots.................................................................................38
5.2 Remote Operation....................................................................................................... 38
5.3 Remote Control........................................................................................................... 39
5.3.1 Switching to Remote Control (REMOTE)......................................................................40
5.3.2 Returning to Manual Operation (LOCAL)......................................................................40
6 Measurement Basics........................................................................... 41
6.1 Parallel Measurements............................................................................................... 41
6.2 Sensor Assignment and Memory.............................................................................. 41
6.3 Performing a Measurement........................................................................................43
6.4 Limit Violation..............................................................................................................44
6.5 Settings Conflict..........................................................................................................44
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Contents
7 Configuration for All Measurement Types.........................................46
7.1 Display Settings.......................................................................................................... 46
7.2 Controlling the Measurement.................................................................................... 53
7.2.1 Controlling the Measurement Results........................................................................... 53
7.3 Triggering.....................................................................................................................54
7.3.1 Trigger States................................................................................................................54
7.3.2 Trigger Sources.............................................................................................................54
7.3.3 Dropout Time.................................................................................................................55
7.3.4 Hold-Off Time................................................................................................................56
7.3.5 Trigger Settings.............................................................................................................56
7.4 Measurement Settings Dialog....................................................................................60
8 Measurement Types and Result Displays..........................................63
8.1 Continuous Average................................................................................................... 63
8.1.1 Continuous Average Result Display..............................................................................63
8.1.2 Continuous Average Settings........................................................................................64
8.2 Burst Average..............................................................................................................65
8.2.1 Burst Average Result Display........................................................................................66
8.2.2 Burst Average Settings..................................................................................................66
8.3 Trace.............................................................................................................................67
8.3.1 Trace Result Display..................................................................................................... 67
8.3.2 Trace Settings............................................................................................................... 67
8.3.3 Trace Marker Dialog......................................................................................................69
8.4 Pulse Analysis.............................................................................................................72
8.4.1 Pulse Analysis Result Display.......................................................................................73
8.4.2 Pulse Analysis Settings.................................................................................................73
8.4.3 Pulse Analysis Dialog....................................................................................................74
8.5 Time Gate.....................................................................................................................80
8.5.1 Time Gate Result Display..............................................................................................80
8.5.2 Time Gate Settings........................................................................................................82
8.5.3 Gate Configuration Dialog.............................................................................................84
8.6 Timeslot........................................................................................................................85
8.6.1 Timeslot Result Display.................................................................................................86
8.6.2 Timeslot Settings...........................................................................................................88
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Contents
8.6.3 Timeslot Configuration Dialog....................................................................................... 89
8.7 Statistics...................................................................................................................... 91
8.7.1 Statistics Result Display................................................................................................91
8.7.2 Statistics Settings..........................................................................................................93
8.7.3 Measurement Settings Dialog....................................................................................... 93
8.7.4 Scale Configuration Dialog............................................................................................95
8.7.5 Statistics Timing Dialog.................................................................................................96
8.8 NRT...............................................................................................................................98
8.8.1 NRT Result Display.......................................................................................................98
8.8.2 NRT Settings.................................................................................................................99
8.8.3 Measurement Main Configuration Dialog....................................................................103
9 Sensor Configuration........................................................................ 104
9.1 Mode Settings............................................................................................................104
9.2 Correction Settings...................................................................................................108
9.3 Filter Settings.............................................................................................................111
9.4 Range Settings.......................................................................................................... 115
9.5 For NRT Measurement Type..................................................................................... 117
9.5.1 NRT Mode Settings..................................................................................................... 118
9.5.2 NRT Correction Settings..............................................................................................119
9.5.3 NRT Filter Settings......................................................................................................121
10 Saving and Recalling Settings..........................................................123
11 Zeroing Sensors.................................................................................125
12 System Settings................................................................................. 127
12.1 Connections.............................................................................................................. 127
12.1.1 Network Settings......................................................................................................... 128
12.1.2 Remote Settings..........................................................................................................131
12.1.3 Input/Output Settings (I/O).......................................................................................... 134
12.1.4 Sensor Manager..........................................................................................................139
12.2 Instrument Info.......................................................................................................... 142
12.2.1 System Info................................................................................................................. 143
12.2.2 Security Settings......................................................................................................... 146
12.2.3 Options Settings..........................................................................................................149
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Contents
12.2.4 Open Source Licenses................................................................................................152
12.3 Hardware Configuration........................................................................................... 153
12.4 Test............................................................................................................................. 153
12.5 Global Settings..........................................................................................................154
13 Firmware Update................................................................................156
13.1 Firmware Update via PC and USB or Ethernet Connection.................................. 156
13.1.1 Hardware and Software Requirements....................................................................... 156
13.1.2 Preparing an Update................................................................................................... 157
13.1.3 Updating the Application Firmware............................................................................. 158
13.2 Firmware Update via a USB Flash Memory Stick...................................................161
13.2.1 Hardware and Software Requirements....................................................................... 161
13.2.2 Preparing an Update................................................................................................... 161
13.2.3 Updating the Application Firmware............................................................................. 162
14 Remote Control Commands..............................................................163
14.1 Conventions Used in SCPI Command Descriptions..............................................163
14.2 Common Commands................................................................................................ 163
14.3 Starting and Ending a Measurement.......................................................................172
14.4 Measurement Settings and Results........................................................................ 175
14.4.1 Configuring the Display............................................................................................... 175
14.4.1.1 General Settings......................................................................................................... 176
14.4.1.2 Scaling........................................................................................................................ 182
14.4.1.3 Units............................................................................................................................ 188
14.4.1.4 Limits...........................................................................................................................190
14.4.1.5 Result Formats and Screenshots................................................................................205
14.4.2 Configuring the Trigger................................................................................................206
14.4.3 Selecting the Measurement........................................................................................ 215
14.4.4 Selecting the Power Sensor........................................................................................218
14.4.5 Continuous Average....................................................................................................219
14.4.6 Trace........................................................................................................................... 221
14.4.6.1 Trace Measurement Settings...................................................................................... 221
14.4.6.2 Combining Trace Commands......................................................................................223
14.4.6.3 Using Markers............................................................................................................. 224
14.4.7 Pulse Analysis.............................................................................................................231
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14.4.8 Time Gate....................................................................................................................245
14.4.9 Timeslot.......................................................................................................................247
14.4.10 Statistics......................................................................................................................250
14.4.10.1 Statistics Measurement Settings.................................................................................250
14.4.10.2 Combining Statistics Commands................................................................................ 253
14.4.10.3 Scaling........................................................................................................................ 254
14.4.10.4 Using Markers............................................................................................................. 258
14.4.11 NRT.............................................................................................................................259
14.4.12 Querying Measurement Results..................................................................................269
14.5 Calculation Functions...............................................................................................270
14.5.1 Selecting a Calculation Function.................................................................................270
14.5.2 Using a Calculation Function...................................................................................... 272
14.5.2.1 Continuous Average Calculation Functions................................................................ 272
Contents
14.5.2.2 Continuous Average Calculation Functions with Buffering..........................................278
14.5.2.3 Burst Average Calculation Functions.......................................................................... 285
14.5.2.4 Timeslot Calculation Functions................................................................................... 293
14.6 Configuring Sensors.................................................................................................301
14.6.1 Setting the Frequency................................................................................................. 302
14.6.2 Sensor Ports............................................................................................................... 303
14.6.3 Sensor Modes............................................................................................................. 304
14.6.4 Sensor Corrections..................................................................................................... 308
14.6.5 Sensor Filters.............................................................................................................. 312
14.6.6 Sensor Ranges........................................................................................................... 320
14.6.7 LAN Power Sensors....................................................................................................323
14.6.8 For NRT Measurement Type.......................................................................................326
14.6.8.1 NRT Mode Settings.....................................................................................................326
14.6.8.2 NRT Correction Settings............................................................................................. 329
14.6.8.3 NRT Filter Settings......................................................................................................331
14.7 Configuring the Test Generator............................................................................... 334
14.8 Configuring the Analog Signal Ouput and the Trigger Output.............................335
14.9 Zeroing....................................................................................................................... 343
14.10 Running Selftests......................................................................................................345
14.11 Managing Setups and Correction Tables................................................................346
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14.12 System Information and Configuration...................................................................353
14.12.1 Presetting.................................................................................................................... 353
14.12.2 Shutdown and Reboot.................................................................................................353
14.12.3 Firmware Update.........................................................................................................354
14.12.4 Network Settings......................................................................................................... 355
14.12.5 Remote Settings..........................................................................................................359
14.12.6 Instrument Information................................................................................................ 362
14.12.7 Sensor Information......................................................................................................363
14.12.8 Date and Time Settings...............................................................................................364
14.12.9 Standardized Signal Configuration..............................................................................367
14.12.10 Error Messages...........................................................................................................369
14.12.11 Locking........................................................................................................................371
14.13 Using the Status Register........................................................................................ 371
Contents
14.13.1 General Status Register Commands.......................................................................... 372
14.13.2 Reading Out the CONDition Part................................................................................ 372
14.13.3 Reading Out the EVENt Part.......................................................................................373
14.13.4 Controlling the ENABle Part........................................................................................373
14.13.5 Controlling the Negative Transition Part......................................................................374
14.13.6 Controlling the Positive Transition Part....................................................................... 374
14.14 R&S NRP2 Compatibility.......................................................................................... 375
14.14.1 CALCulate Commands............................................................................................... 375
14.14.2 DISPlay Commands....................................................................................................376
14.14.3 OUTPut Commands....................................................................................................382
14.14.4 SENSe Commands..................................................................................................... 383
15 Remote Control Basics......................................................................414
15.1 Remote Control Interfaces and Protocols.............................................................. 414
15.1.1 USB Interface..............................................................................................................414
15.1.2 Ethernet Interface........................................................................................................415
15.1.2.1 VISA Resource Strings............................................................................................... 416
15.1.2.2 VXI-11 Protocol........................................................................................................... 417
15.1.2.3 HiSLIP Protocol...........................................................................................................417
15.1.2.4 Socket Communication............................................................................................... 418
15.1.3 GPIB Interface.............................................................................................................418
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Contents
15.2 SCPI Command Structure........................................................................................ 418
15.2.1 Syntax for Common Commands................................................................................. 419
15.2.2 Syntax for Device-Specific Commands.......................................................................419
15.2.3 SCPI Parameters........................................................................................................ 420
15.2.4 Overview of Syntax Elements..................................................................................... 423
15.2.5 Structure of a Command Line..................................................................................... 423
15.2.6 Responses to Queries.................................................................................................424
Glossary: List of Abbreviations........................................................426
List of Commands..............................................................................428
Index....................................................................................................447
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R&S®NRX
Preface
Documentation Overview
1 Preface
This chapter provides safety related information and an introduction to the R&S NRX.
1.1 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S NRX user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S NRX product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/NRX
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual
Introduces the R&S NRX and describes how to set up and start working with the product. A printed version is delivered with the instrument.
1.1.2 User Manuals and Help
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands
with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument interfaces
and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual .
1.1.3 Tutorials
Tutorials offer guided examples and demonstrations on operating the R&S NRX. They
are provided on the product page of the internet.
1.1.4 Basic Safety Instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
1.1.5 Data Sheets and Brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S NRX. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/NRX
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R&S®NRX
Preface
Key Features
1.1.6 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/NRX
1.1.7 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/NRX
1.2 Key Features
The R&S NRX supports:
●
Easy RF power measurements
●
Multi-channel measurements
●
RF pulse analysis
●
System integration
The R&S NRX is a versatile, user-friendly base unit.
●
Straightforward numerical and graphical display of measured values, plus intuitive
operation with touchscreen-based graphical user interface
●
Supports up to four R&S NRP and R&S NRQ6 power sensors.
●
Supports all sensor-dependent measurement functions
●
Hardware interfaces for remote control and triggering
●
Code emulation of the R&S NRP2
●
Optional high-precision CW and pulse mode reference source module
●
Optional power reflection measurements with R&S NRT directional power sensors
See also the R&S NRX fact sheet at www.rohde-schwarz.com.
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R&S®NRX
Safety Information
2 Safety Information
The product documentation helps you use the R&S NRX safely and efficiently. Follow
the instructions provided here and in the printed "Basic Safety Instructions". Keep the
product documentation nearby and offer it to other users.
Intended use
The R&S NRX is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments. Use the R&S NRX only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you about the potential dangers and gives instructions how to prevent personal injuries or damage caused
by dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
The printed "Basic Safety Instructions" provide safety information in many languages and are delivered with the R&S NRX.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.
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R&S®NRX
Instrument Tour
Front Panel Tour
3 Instrument Tour
● Front Panel Tour......................................................................................................14
● Rear Panel Tour...................................................................................................... 19
3.1 Front Panel Tour
Figure 3-1: Front panel of the R&S NRX
1 = Module bay for optional connectors, see Chapter 3.1.2, "Module Bay", on page 14.
2 = Sensor connectors A and B, see Chapter 3.1.1, "Sensor Connector A and B", on page 14.
3 = Touchscreen, see Chapter 3.1.3, "Touchscreen", on page 16.
4 = Keys, see Chapter 3.1.4, "Keys", on page 16.
5 = Cursor keys, see "Cursor keys" on page 18.
6 = USB host interface, see Chapter 3.1.5, "USB Host Interface", on page 18.
7 = On/standby key, see Chapter 3.1.6, "On/Standby Key", on page 18.
3.1.1 Sensor Connector A and B
See (2) in Figure 3-1.
Sensor connectors A and B are used to connect the R&S NRP power sensors and the
R&S NRQ6. For details on the supported power sensors, see the data sheet.
The complete functional range, including external trigger and reference clock for the
synchronization of connected sensors, is provided by these connectors.
Further information:
●
Chapter 4.8, "Connecting Power Sensors", on page 26
3.1.2 Module Bay
See (1) in Figure 3-1.
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R&S®NRX
Instrument Tour
Front Panel Tour
Two options fit in this bay. If you have both options, you can exchange them, see "To
exchange the option" on page 15.
If no option is installed, the module bay is closed by a cover.
Sensor check source (R&S NRX-B1)
Used as a power reference for testing the connected power sensors and the cabling.
The LED of the sensor check source (R&S NRX-B1) shows the state, see Table 3-1.
You can remove the option and send it to Rohde & Schwarz for calibration. Contact the
Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
Table 3-1: Possible states
Illumination State Signal Output setting
Off No signal is generated. "Off"
Steady green Continuous wave is output. "CW"
Blinking green Pulse signal is output. "Pulse"
Blinking red Settings conflict exists.
For example if "Pulse" is set and the
power level is set to 20 dBm.
"CW" or "Pulse"
Sensor interface for R&S NRT (R&S NRX-B9)
Provides an optional power sensor connector to connect an R&S NRT-Zxx power sensor. For supported power sensors, see the data sheet.
To exchange the option
1. Press the latch to the right, using your thumb nail or a small pen.
2. Pull the option from its casing.
3. Insert the other option.
4. Press until you hear a click when the latch locks.
Further information:
●
Chapter 4.8, "Connecting Power Sensors", on page 26
●
"Sensor Check Source tab" on page 134
●
Chapter 14.7, "Configuring the Test Generator", on page 334
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R&S®NRX
3.1.3 Touchscreen
See (3) in Figure 3-1.
The R&S NRX displays results in panes. Depending on the measurement mode, values are displayed digitally or graphically.
False triggers of the touch panel in the presence of static electricity
If an object (e.g. a human finger) that is charged with static electricity is brought near
the touch panel, false triggers can occur.
This behavior is caused by the principle of operation of a PCAP (projected capacitive)
touch panel.
Further information:
●
"Using the touchscreen" on page 29
3.1.4 Keys
Instrument Tour
Front Panel Tour
See (4) in Figure 3-1.
[Esc] / Local
If you press shortly:
●
Changes to the next-higher hierarchy level.
●
Escapes from the entry mode in text boxes and lists.
●
Closes dialogs without losing any entries that have been made.
●
Switches from remote control mode (all controls disabled) to manual operation.
If you press and hold:
●
Goes to the start dialog that shows an overview of the active measurements.
See Chapter 5.1.1, "Start Dialog", on page 29.
Further information:
●
"Going back to a higher hierarchy level" on page 29
●
Chapter 5.3.2, "Returning to Manual Operation (LOCAL)", on page 40
Screenshot
Creates a screenshot of the current display.
See Chapter 5.1.8, "Creating and Saving Screenshots", on page 38.
Remote command:
SYSTem:HCOPy on page 206
[1Trig] / Delete
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R&S®NRX
Instrument Tour
Front Panel Tour
●
Controls the measurements depending on the trigger mode:
– For all trigger modes except "Single", starts and stops the measurement.
– For the "Single" trigger mode, enables and triggers the measurement.
Changes of the trigger state apply to all measurements.
See also "Trigger Mode" on page 57.
●
Resets the auxiliary values that provide additional information about the measured
values.
See also "Auxiliary Values" on page 48.
●
Deletes numbers or text in a field so that you can enter a new value.
Enter
●
Confirms entries in text fields, dialogs and selections in lists.
●
Shows a frame around the control in focus. You can change the focus using the
Cursor keys.
[Freq]
Sets the carrier frequency of the applied signal. This value is used for frequencyresponse correction of the measurement result.
Remote command:
[SENSe<Sensor>:]FREQuency[:CW] on page 302
Favorites
Reserved for future use.
[Preset]
Opens the "Save / Recall / Preset" dialog.
See Chapter 10, "Saving and Recalling Settings", on page 123.
If you press [Preset] again, the preset function starts.
See "Preset" on page 124.
If you press the [Preset] key during booting, the R&S NRX starts with the factory
default state.
[Zero]
Pressing [Zero] opens the "Zeroing Sensors" dialog.
If you press [Zero] again, "Zero All Sensors" starts.
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Instrument Tour
Front Panel Tour
●
Starts the zero calibration.
●
Displays zeroing status.
●
Displays sensor status.
[System]
Opens the "System Overview" dialog.
See Chapter 12, "System Settings", on page 127.
Cursor keys
See (5) in Figure 3-1.
The cursor keys are context-sensitive. The control in focus is indicated by a focus
frame. Use the cursor keys as follows:
●
Selecting an element in the navigation pane.
●
Selecting the active pane.
●
Selecting an element from a list.
●
Moving the cursor in text boxes.
●
Changing the value of an entry in a text box.
3.1.5 USB Host Interface
See (6) in Figure 3-1.
USB 2.0 (universal serial bus) interface of the type A (host USB). Used to connect USB
power sensors and external devices like a keyboard, mouse, or memory stick.
Further information:
●
Chapter 4.8.4, "USB 2.0 Host Interfaces", on page 27
●
Chapter 4.9, "Connecting USB and External Devices", on page 28
3.1.6 On/Standby Key
See (7) in Figure 3-1.
The on/standby key toggles the R&S NRX between standby and ready state.
The following states are possible:
●
Off (key is not illuminated)
The AC power switch on the back of the R&S NRX is switched off. The R&S NRX
is disconnected from the AC power supply.
●
Ready (green)
The R&S NRX is ready for operation.
●
Standby (red)
The power supply has the operating voltage supplied to it. Thus, the R&S NRX is
still power-supplied.
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R&S®NRX
Instrument Tour
Rear Panel Tour
For operating details, see Chapter 4.7, "Switching On or Off", on page 25.
3.2 Rear Panel Tour
Figure 3-2: Rear panel of the R&S NRX
1 = Trig In / Out 2 and Out 1 / Trig Out connectors, see Chapter 3.2.1, "Trig In / Out 2 and Out 1 / Trig Out
Connectors", on page 19.
2 = Ethernet interface, see Chapter 3.2.2, "Ethernet Interface", on page 20.
3 = USB device interface, see Chapter 3.2.3, "USB Device Interface", on page 20.
4 = USB host interface, see Chapter 3.2.4, "USB Host Interface", on page 20.
5 = AC supply and power switch, see Chapter 3.2.5, "AC Supply and Power Switch", on page 20.
6 = IEC 625/IEEE 488 interface, optional, see Chapter 3.2.6, "IEC 625/IEEE 488 Interface", on page 20.
7 = Sensor connectors C and D (optional), used to connect R&S power sensors, see Chapter 3.2.7, "Sensor
Connectors C and D", on page 21.
3.2.1 Trig In / Out 2 and Out 1 / Trig Out Connectors
See (1) in Figure 3-2.
The Out 1 / Trig Out BNC connectors supply an analog signal with a voltage between
0 V and 2.5 V. It can be used to output a voltage that is proportional to the measured
value (e.g. for level regulation) or a digital signal for limit monitoring.
The Trig In / Out 2 BNC connectors can be used either as an external trigger input with
a switchable impedance (10 kΩ or 50 Ω) or as a second analog output.
By default, both connectors are disabled.
Further information:
●
"I/O 1, I/O 2 tabs" on page 136
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3.2.2 Ethernet Interface
See (2) in Figure 3-2.
The Ethernet connector is an RJ45 socket for remote controlling the R&S NRX via a
network.
3.2.3 USB Device Interface
See (3) in Figure 3-2.
USB 2.0 (universal serial bus) interface of the type B (receptacle). Used to connect the
R&S NRX to a computer for USB remote control.
3.2.4 USB Host Interface
See (4) in Figure 3-2.
See Chapter 3.1.5, "USB Host Interface", on page 18.
3.2.5 AC Supply and Power Switch
See (5) in Figure 3-2.
When the R&S NRX is connected to the AC supply, it automatically sets itself to the
correct range for the applied voltage. The range is printed on the type label. There is
no need to set the voltage manually.
For more details, see Chapter 4.6, "Connecting to the AC Power Supply",
on page 25.
3.2.6 IEC 625/IEEE 488 Interface
See (6) in Figure 3-2.
Requires GPIB/IEEE488 interface (R&S NRX-B8).
IEC bus (IEEE 488) interface for remote control of the R&S NRX. Used to connect a
controller to remote control the R&S NRX. Use a shielded cable for the connection.
Characteristics of the IEC bus (IEEE 488) interface:
●
8-bit parallel data transfer
●
Bidirectional data transfer
●
Three-wire handshake
●
High data transfer rate
●
Maximum length of connecting cables 15 m (single connection 2 m)
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Rear Panel Tour
3.2.7 Sensor Connectors C and D
See (7) Figure 3-2.
Requires 3rd and 4th R&S NRP sensor connector (R&S NRX-B4).
For more details, see Chapter 3.1.1, "Sensor Connector A and B", on page 14.
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Preparing for Use
Operating Conditions
4 Preparing for Use
● Unpacking and Checking........................................................................................ 22
● Operating Conditions.............................................................................................. 22
● Important Aspects for Test Setup............................................................................23
● Placing on a Bench Top.......................................................................................... 23
● Mounting in a Rack................................................................................................. 25
● Connecting to the AC Power Supply.......................................................................25
● Switching On or Off.................................................................................................25
● Connecting Power Sensors.....................................................................................26
● Connecting USB and External Devices...................................................................28
4.1 Unpacking and Checking
Check the equipment for completeness using the delivery note and the accessory lists
for the various items. Check the R&S NRX for any damage. If there is damage, immediately contact the carrier who delivered the R&S NRX. Make sure not to discard the
box and packing material.
Packing material
Retain the original packing material. If the instrument needs to be transported or shipped later, you can use the material to protect the control elements and connectors.
4.1.1 Accessory List
The R&S NRX comes with the following accessories:
●
Printed getting started manual
●
Multilingual safety brochure
●
Additive data sheet ref. China ROHS
●
Country-specific power cable
4.2 Operating Conditions
Specific operating conditions are required to ensure accurate measurements and to
avoid damage to the R&S NRX and connected devices. Before switching on the R&S
NRX, observe the information on appropriate operating conditions provided in the basic
safety instructions and the data sheet of the R&S NRX.
In particular, ensure the following:
●
The R&S NRX is dry and shows no sign of condensation.
●
The ambient temperature does not exceed the range specified in the data sheet.
●
Signal levels at the input connectors are all within the specified ranges.
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R&S®NRX
●
Signal outputs are connected correctly and are not overloaded.
4.3 Important Aspects for Test Setup
Preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when you connect or disconnect a DUT
or test fixture to the instrument's test ports.
NOTICE! Risk of electrostatic discharge (ESD). Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can
►
damage the electronic components of the R&S NRX and the device under test
(DUT).
Ground yourself to avoid electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage:
● Use a wrist strap and cord to connect yourself to the ground.
● Use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
Preparing for Use
Placing on a Bench Top
EMI impact on measurement results
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) may affect the measurement results.
To suppress generated electromagnetic interference (EMI):
●
Use suitable shielded cables of high quality. For example, use double-shielded RF
and LAN cables.
●
Always terminate open cable ends.
●
Note the EMC classification in the data sheet.
●
Do not use USB connecting cables exceeding 5 m.
4.4 Placing on a Bench Top
Place the R&S NRX on a stable and level surface. The R&S NRX can be used in horizontal position, standing on its feet, or with the support feet on the bottom extended.
Do not place anything on top of the R&S NRX, if the R&S NRX is not in a level position.
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Placing on a Bench Top
Risk of injury if feet are folded out
The feet can fold in if they are not folded out completely or if the instrument is shifted.
Collapsing feet can cause injury or damage the instrument.
●
Fold the feet completely in or out to ensure stability of the instrument. Never shift
the instrument when the feet are folded out.
●
When the feet are folded out, do not work under the instrument or place anything
underneath.
●
The feet can break if they are overloaded. The overall load on the folded-out feet
must not exceed 500 N.
Risk of injury when stacking instruments
A stack of instruments can tilt over and cause injury if not stacked correctly. Furthermore, the instruments at the bottom of the stack can be damaged due to the load
imposed by the instruments on top.
Observe the following instructions when stacking instruments:
●
Never stack more than three instruments. If you need to stack more than three
instruments, install them in a rack.
●
The overall load imposed on the lowest instrument must not exceed 500 N.
●
It is best if all instruments have the same dimensions (width and length).
If you need to stack smaller instruments on the top, the overall load imposed on the
lowest instrument must not exceed 250 N.
●
If the instruments have foldable feet, fold them in completely.
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4.5 Mounting in a Rack
1. Order one of the rack adapter kits designed for the R&S NRX. For the order num-
ber, see data sheet.
2. Follow the installation instructions provided with the adapter kit.
NOTICE! Insufficient airflow can cause overheating and damage the R&S NRX.
3.
Develop and implement an efficient ventilation concept.
4.6 Connecting to the AC Power Supply
The R&S NRX can be used with different AC power voltages and adapts itself automatically to them. Adjusting the R&S NRX to a particular AC supply voltage is therefore
not required. Refer to the data sheet for the requirements of voltage and frequency.
Preparing for Use
Switching On or Off
The power switch can be set to two positions:
●
[0]: The instrument is disconnected from the mains.
●
[I]: The instrument is power-supplied. It is either ready for operation (STANDBY) or
in operating mode.
1. Plug the AC power cable into the AC power connector on the rear panel of the
R&S NRX. Only use the power cable delivered with the R&S NRX.
2. Plug the AC power cable into a power outlet with ground contact. The R&S NRX
complies with safety class EN61010-1.
The required ratings are listed next to the AC connector and in the data sheet.
Further information:
●
Chapter 3.2.5, "AC Supply and Power Switch", on page 20
4.7 Switching On or Off
The possible instrument states are described in Chapter 3.1.6, "On/Standby Key",
on page 18.
To switch on the R&S NRX
1. To turn on the power, press the AC power switch at the rear to position [I] (On).
After power-up, the R&S NRX is in standby or ready state, depending on the position of the on/standby key.
2. If the R&S NRX is in standby state, press the on/standby key.
The R&S NRX initiates its startup procedure. It boots the operating system and
starts the instrument firmware.
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Preparing for Use
Connecting Power Sensors
See Chapter 5.1.1, "Start Dialog", on page 29.
If the previous session ended regularly, the R&S NRX uses the settings from the
last session.
3. If you want to return to a defined initial state, perform a preset.
See "Preset" on page 124.
To switch off the R&S NRX
1. Press the on/standby key.
The R&S NRX saves its current settings for reuse in the next session and changes
into the standby state.
2. To power down the R&S NRX completely, set the AC power switch to position [0]
(Off).
Further information:
●
Chapter 10, "Saving and Recalling Settings", on page 123
●
Chapter 3.1.6, "On/Standby Key", on page 18
4.8 Connecting Power Sensors
The R&S NRX supports a wide range of R&S power sensors. See the data sheet for
detailed information.
Depending on the power sensor, you have different choices for connecting it.
4.8.1 Sensor Connectors A to D
See Chapter 3.1.1, "Sensor Connector A and B", on page 14 and Chapter 3.2.7, "Sen-
sor Connectors C and D", on page 21.
Suitable for:
●
USB and LAN power sensors
●
R&S NRQ6
●
R&S NRP‑Zxx power sensors
Sample Clock I/O (Default: 120 MHz)
LAN PoE+
Host
Interface
LO I/0
NRQ6
Frequency Selective Power Sensor
Figure 4-1: Setup with an R&S power sensor (example)
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Preparing for Use
Connecting Power Sensors
1 = Signal source
2 = R&S power sensor
3 = Host Interface connector
4 = R&S NRP‑ZK8
5 = Sensor connector of the R&S NRX
6 = R&S NRX
Use an R&S NRP‑ZK8 cable to connect an R&S power sensor to the R&S NRX. If you
use an R&S NRP‑ZK6 cable, the reference clock and trigger are not supported.
1. 8-pin female connector of R&S NRP‑ZK8:
a) Insert the screw-lock cable connector into the host interface of the R&S power
sensor.
b) Tighten the union nut manually.
2. 8-pin male connector of R&S NRP‑ZK8:
a) Insert this connector into one of the sensor ports of the R&S NRX.
3. Connect the RF connector of the R&S power sensor to the signal source. For
details, see the user manual of the R&S power sensor.
Note: Incorrectly connecting/disconnecting an R&S power sensor can damage the
power sensor or lead to erroneous results.
4.8.2 Optional Sensor Interface for R&S NRT (R&S NRX-B9)
See Chapter 3.1.2, "Module Bay", on page 14.
Suitable for R&S NRT directional power sensors.
► Connect the R&S NRT-Zxx power sensor between source and load.
4.8.3 LAN Interface
See Chapter 3.2.2, "Ethernet Interface", on page 20.
Suitable for LAN power sensors.
R&S power sensors that are connected to the LAN interface are not recognized automatically. You need to add them, see "To add a LAN power sensor" on page 140.
4.8.4 USB 2.0 Host Interfaces
See Chapter 3.1.5, "USB Host Interface", on page 18 and Chapter 3.2.4, "USB Host
Interface", on page 20.
Suitable for USB power sensors.
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Connecting USB and External Devices
4.9 Connecting USB and External Devices
Apart from connecting USB power sensors, you can use the USB interfaces to connect
USB devices. You can increase the number of connected devices by using USB hubs.
Due to the large number of available USB devices, there is almost no limit to the possible expansions. In the following, useful USB devices are listed exemplarily:
●
Memory stick for easy transfer of data to/from a computer (e.g. firmware updates).
●
Mouse if you prefer this way of operation over a touchscreen.
Preparing for Use
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Operating Concepts
Manual Operation
5 Operating Concepts
● Manual Operation....................................................................................................29
● Remote Operation...................................................................................................38
● Remote Control.......................................................................................................39
5.1 Manual Operation
Using the graphical user interface of the R&S NRX and the keys on the front panel,
you can easily configure the settings and measure in the provided measurement
modes.
Using the touchscreen
A touchscreen allows you to interact with the software using various finger gestures on
the screen. The basic gestures supported by the software and most applications are
described here. Further actions using the same gestures may be possible.
Tap = touch the screen quickly, usually on a specific element. You can tap most ele-
ments on the screen to access the settings belonging to that element (topic).
In graphs, use the following gestures:
●
Pan = put your fingers on the touchscreen and move them while keeping contact.
Thus, you can bring offscreen extensions of the graph into view.
●
Pinch = move two fingers toward each other to change the zoom.
Going back to a higher hierarchy level
The [Esc] key is the essential control element to navigate back, for example after you
have opened a dialog by tapping an element.
► Press the [Esc] key shortly to change to the next-higher hierarchy level.
► Keep the [Esc] key pressed to go to the highest hierarchy level, the start dialog.
5.1.1 Start Dialog
1. Connect a power sensor to the R&S NRX as described in Chapter 4.8, "Connecting
Power Sensors", on page 26.
2. Boot the R&S NRX.
After successful booting, the R&S NRX displays the start dialog.
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Manual Operation
Figure 5-1: Start dialog (example for setup with one power sensor)
1 = Miniature display layout. See Chapter 5.1.5, "Selecting the Display Layout", on page 34.
2 = Connected sensors
3 = Title
4 = Measurement mode
5 = Status information. See Chapter 5.1.3, "Status Information", on page 32.
6 = Notification center status, see Chapter 5.1.4, "Notification Center", on page 33.
7 = Measurement pane
In the measurement pane, the settings, results and status of the active measurements
are displayed. The layout depends on the selected display layout. See Chapter 5.1.5,
"Selecting the Display Layout", on page 34.
5.1.2 Main Measurement Dialog
From the start dialog, you can access the measurements.
To access a measurement
► In the start dialog, tap the pane of the measurement you want to access. In this
example, tap (7) in Figure 5-1.
The selected measurement is displayed in full screen. Its number is highlighted in
the miniature display layout in the upper left corner.
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Manual Operation
Layout of the main measurement dialog
The operating philosophy in the main measurement dialog is independent of the measurement type. The dialog is divided into touch areas that lead to different settings.
Figure 5-2: Layout of the main measurement dialog (example)
1 = Settings displayed in the measurement pane
2 = Limit values displayed in the measurement pane
3 = Measurement value displayed in the measurement pane
4 = Navigation pane
► Tap the displayed settings, (1) in Figure 5-2, to access the sensor settings.
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Rem
Operating Concepts
Manual Operation
The "Primary Sensor" dialog is displayed.
See Chapter 9, "Sensor Configuration", on page 104.
► Tap the displayed limit values, (2) in Figure 5-2, to change the measurement type,
assign a sensor, access the sensor settings, ...
The "Limit Monitor" dialog is displayed.
See "Limit Monitor" on page 51.
► Tap the displayed measurement value or graph, (3) in Figure 5-2, to change the
measurement type, assign a sensor, access the sensor settings, ...
The "Measurement Settings" dialog is displayed.
See Chapter 7.4, "Measurement Settings Dialog", on page 60.
► Tap an element in the navigation pane, (4) in Figure 5-2, to configure the trigger,
the presentation of the measurement result and further measurement-specific settings.
See Chapter 7, "Configuration for All Measurement Types", on page 46.
Tapping other areas in the measurement pane can open further dialogs, but these dialogs are measurement-specific and there is no general rule that applies to all measurements.
5.1.3 Status Information
The status information is displayed in the upper right corner, left from the notification
center. See Figure 5-1.
Table 5-1: Status symbols
Symbol Description Further information
Memory stick is connected and ready for use. Chapter 4.9, "Connecting USB and
Memory stick is connected and initialization is in progress. When the moving green dot vanishes, the
memory stick is ready for use.
R&S NRX is in remote control. Chapter 5.3.2, "Returning to Manual
External Devices", on page 28
Operation (LOCAL)", on page 40
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LLO
Operating Concepts
Manual Operation
Symbol Description Further information
LLO means local lockout.
R&S NRX is in remote control. Manual operation is
disabled.
Identification and initialization of a connected power
sensor is in progress.
5.1.4 Notification Center
The notification center collects all information, warning and error messages during the
operation of the R&S NRX. Its status is displayed in the upper right corner:
●
The displayed symbol belongs to the most severe message. For example, if one
error and 5 notices are present, the symbol of the error message is displayed.
The symbols used are explained in Table 5-2.
●
The number of all messages is displayed in the color of the most severe message.
See (6) in Figure 5-1.
Table 5-2: Notification symbols
Symbol Description
No message is available.
Only one or more notices are present.
At least one warning message is present.
Yellow is the assigned color.
At least one error message is present.
Red is the assigned color.
To display the messages
► Tap the notification symbol in the upper left corner.
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Manual Operation
The "Notification Center" dialog has two tabs:
●
"System"
All messages concerning the instrument are listed.
●
"SCPI Error Queue"
Messages related to the remote command functionality are displayed.
To delete notices no longer needed
► If you want to delete a specific notice, tap the bin symbol next to the notice.
► If you want to delete all notices, tap the bin symbol in the right corner.
5.1.5 Selecting the Display Layout
You can split the measurement display into panes. A maximum number of 4 panes is
possible, one for each measurement.
To change the display layout
1. Press and hold [Esc] until the start dialog is displayed.
2. Tap the miniature display layout in the upper left corner.
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3. Select how many measurement panes you want to display.
For example, if you select 2 panes, the measurement display looks as follows:
Figure 5-3: Two measurement panes
Remote command:
DISPlay:LAYout on page 180
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5.1.6 Swapping Measurement Panes
You can swap the position of measurement panes using drag and drop. The numbering
of the panes is not changed.
To change the position of a measurement pane
► Touch & hold a measurement pane and drag it into the new position.
The two panes have changed position:
In the "Select Display Layout" dialog, you can see that the positions of pane 1 and
pane 2 are exchanged, but the numbering of the panes is unchanged.
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Manual Operation
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:POSition on page 182
5.1.7 Editing Parameters
► Tap a parameter to change its value.
Depending on the selected parameter, a numeric or an alphanumeric editor is displayed.
The numeric editor shows for each parameter the specific value range (min, max).
Figure 5-4: Numeric editor
Use the alphanumeric editor as a standard keyboard.
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Remote Operation
Figure 5-5: Alphanumeric editor
5.1.8 Creating and Saving Screenshots
You can create a screenshot of the current display, for example to save graphical measurement results.
► Press the [Screenshot] key on the front panel.
The R&S NRX saves the screenshot in PNG format.
If a memory stick is connected, the PNG is saved on the memory stick.
Otherwise, the PNG is saved in the volatile directory of the FTP directory. You can
download the PNG using FTP. Default user identification and password are instru-
ment.
In the "Notification Center", a "Notice" message shows the file path and name.
Remote control:
SYSTem:HCOPy on page 206
Further information:
●
Chapter 4.9, "Connecting USB and External Devices", on page 28
●
Chapter 3.1.5, "USB Host Interface", on page 18
5.2 Remote Operation
VNC (virtual network computing) simulates the user interface of the R&S NRX. Thus,
you can operate the R&S NRX manually from an external computer in the same way
as operating the R&S NRX itself. During VNC operation, local operation (manual operation, see Chapter 5.1, "Manual Operation", on page 29) and remote operation have
equal access rights. Both users see the same screen contents of the R&S NRX and
can operate the R&S NRX simultaneously.
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Remote Control
By default, VNC access is enabled. Any user in the network who knows the password
and IP address of the R&S NRX can access the R&S NRX. To prevent access, disable
the VNC server service under "VNC" on page 148.
Prerequisites
●
LAN interface of the external computer is configured for the network.
●
R&S NRX and the computer are connected using a LAN network.
To set up a connection using a VNC viewer
1. On the external computer, install the VNC viewer if it is not installed already.
2. Open the VNC viewer.
3. Enter the host name or the IP address of the R&S NRX.
See also "Overview tab" on page 129.
4. Click "Connect".
5. Enter the session password. The preconfigured password is instrument.
To set up a connection using a web browser
1. Open the web browser.
2. Enter as web address: http://<hostname> or http://<IP address>. For example,
http://nrx-104711.
See also "Overview tab" on page 129.
3. Enter the password. The preconfigured password is instrument.
5.3 Remote Control
The R&S NRX is equipped with various interfaces for connecting it to a controller for
remote control:
●
IEC/IEEE bus interface (standard equipment) in line with the standards IEC
60625.1 (IEEE 488.1) and IEC 60625.2 (IEEE 488.2)
●
Gigabit Ethernet interface
●
USB 2.0 interface for remote control and firmware update
Connectors are installed at the rear of the R&S NRX. See Chapter 3, "Instrument
Tour", on page 14.
The interfaces support the SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments)
standard, version 1999.0 of May 1999. The SCPI standard is based on the IEEE 488.2
standard. It defines a standardized command language for controlling measuring and
test instruments with functions beyond the scope of the IEEE 488.2 standard.
For a detailed description of the remote commands, see Chapter 14, "Remote Control
Commands", on page 163.
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5.3.1 Switching to Remote Control (REMOTE)
Prerequisites
●
A link is established between the controller and the R&S NRX.
●
The R&S NRX is configured correctly.
After power-up, the R&S NRX is always in manual control mode, "LOCAL". When the
R&S NRX receives a SCPI command, it switches to remote control irrespective of the
selected interface.
5.3.2 Returning to Manual Operation (LOCAL)
If the R&S NRX is in remote control, you can display settings using the front-panel
keys and the touchscreen, but you cannot change settings. To do that, you have to
return to manual operation.
The R&S NRX remains in remote control until you perform one of the following actions.
Make sure that the R&S NRX is free for you to use.
Operating Concepts
Remote Control
► Press the [Esc/Local] key. See "[Esc] / Local" on page 16.
If the manual operation was disabled by the &LLO command (local lockout) and the
[Esc/Local] key does not work, switch the R&S NRX off and on again.
► Send the >L command (go to local).
► Tap the symbol on the touchscreen.
See Chapter 5.1.3, "Status Information", on page 32.
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6 Measurement Basics
In a measurement, the R&S NRX uses all sensor-dependent measurement functions
and displays the results. Thus, you can configure both the measurement and the sensor. The R&S NRX saves all settings.
● Parallel Measurements........................................................................................... 41
● Sensor Assignment and Memory............................................................................41
● Performing a Measurement.....................................................................................43
● Limit Violation..........................................................................................................44
● Settings Conflict...................................................................................................... 44
6.1 Parallel Measurements
An R&S NRX without enhancements supports the configuration of one power sensor
for one measurement type. If you want to configure more than one power sensor simultaneously or run different measurement types in parallel, you can extend both to a
maximum of 4 with the following options:
●
second measurement channel (R&S NRX-K2)
●
3rd and 4th measurement channel (R&S NRX-K4)
Measurement Basics
Sensor Assignment and Memory
For details on ordering information, refer to the brochure of the R&S NRP power meter
family.
You can configure the display to accommodate the number of measurements you want
to watch simultaneously, see Chapter 5.1.5, "Selecting the Display Layout",
on page 34.
If you connect more than 4 power sensors simultaneously, the R&S NRX notifies you.
Use the sensor manager to handle more than 4 power sensors, see Chapter 12.1.4,
"Sensor Manager", on page 139.
6.2 Sensor Assignment and Memory
When you connect an R&S power sensor to the R&S NRX, the R&S NRX tries to recognize the sensor. The sensor recognition is based on the sensor type and the serial
number of the power sensor.
The following scenarios are possible:
●
Sensor type has never been connected before.
The R&S NRX uses its settings for the measurement.
●
Sensor type has been connected before.
The R&S NRX assigns the sensor to the measurement type it was assigned
before. The port where the sensor is connected is of no concern. You do not have
to use the same port for the same sensor type.
See "Example: Using different ports for the same sensor type" on page 42.
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Measurement Basics
Sensor Assignment and Memory
●
Sensor type is different to the sensor type that was previously assigned to the measurement. Decide whether you want to use the settings of the sensor.
– "Use Default"
Uses the sensor settings. For details, see the user manual of the sensor.
– "Cancel"
Keeps the measurement settings and does not assign the sensor to the measurement.
If conflicting settings occur when connecting a sensor, the R&S NRX shows where
the problematic setting is located. See Chapter 6.5, "Settings Conflict",
on page 44.
Example: Using different ports for the same sensor type
1. Connect an R&S NRQ6 to port A.
2. Perform a trace measurement.
3. Remove the R&S NRQ6 and connect it to port B.
The R&S NRX recognizes the sensor type and assigns the R&S NRQ6 to the
same measurement.
Example: Using two sensors of the same type
1. Connect the first R&S NRP-Z81 to port A.
2. Connect the second R&S NRP-Z81 to port B.
3. Swap ports.
The R&S NRX distinguishes sensors of the same type due to their unique serial
number and assigns them to the same measurement as before.
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6.3 Performing a Measurement
This measurement description is designed to give you a first impression. For further
information, see the description of the measurements, their results and their settings:
●
Chapter 7, "Configuration for All Measurement Types", on page 46
●
Chapter 8, "Measurement Types and Result Displays", on page 63
●
Chapter 9, "Sensor Configuration", on page 104
Setup
1. Connect one or more R&S power sensors to the R&S NRX. See Chapter 4.8,
"Connecting Power Sensors", on page 26.
How many R&S power sensors you can connect depends on the options of your
R&S NRX. See Chapter 6.1, "Parallel Measurements", on page 41.
2. Connect each R&S power sensor to a DUT (signal source). See the user manual of
the R&S power sensor for information on topics that need your special attention.
Measurement Basics
Performing a Measurement
Starting a measurement
1. Preset the R&S NRX and the connected R&S power sensors.
a) Press the [Preset] key.
b) Tap "Preset".
See also Chapter 10, "Saving and Recalling Settings", on page 123.
2. Depending on the power sensor and the measurement conditions, consider to zero
the power sensor:
Execute zeroing:
Note: Turn off all measurement signals before zeroing. An active measurement
signal during zeroing causes an error.
a) Switch off the power of the signal source.
b) Press the [Zero] key.
c) Tap "Zero All Sensors".
See also Chapter 11, "Zeroing Sensors", on page 125.
3. Configure the measurement.
a) Open the "Measurement Settings" dialog, as described in Chapter 5.1.2, "Main
Measurement Dialog", on page 30.
b) Select the "Measurement Type", for example "Continuous Average".
c) Tap "Quick Setup" > "Auto Set".
4. Switch on the signal source.
The measurement starts, and the result is displayed in dBm.
5. If necessary, perform further settings.
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Settings Conflict
6.4 Limit Violation
If a measured value violates the set limits, it is highlighted in red.
► To change the limit settings, tap the displayed limit values. See also (2) in Fig-
ure 5-2.
6.5
Settings Conflict
A settings conflict can occur for the following reasons:
●
The sensor assigned to the measurement does not support a set value.
If it is a numeric value, the suitable range for the sensor is given in the tooltip.
●
The sensor assigned to the measurement does not support the measurement type.
●
Other contradictory settings, for example the lower limit value is higher than the
upper limit value.
Contradictory settings are allowed so that you are not hampered in your workflow. But
they cause an error message in the notification center. Furthermore, the contradictory
setting is highlighted and the control elements in the hierarchies above that are leading
to this setting are highlighted, too. Thus, you can follow the problem across the hierarchies to solve the settings conflict. The only control element that is not highlighted due
to a settings conflict is the measurement value. The measurement value is only highlighted in red when it is violating the set limits, as shown in Chapter 6.4, "Limit Viola-
tion", on page 44.
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Measurement Basics
Settings Conflict
Example: The sensor does not support the measurement type
The notification center indicates an error, but the no control element is highlighted.
The error message reports a settings conflict.
Solving the error
1. Tap the displayed measurement value or graphic. See also Figure 5-2.
The "Measurement Settings" dialog is displayed.
The "Measurement Type" is highlighted.
2. Select another measurement type that the sensor supports, or assign another sensor.
A setting that differs from the preset value is also indicated across the hierarchies by a
pencil symbol, if the visualization is enabled. See "Visualize Non-Preset State"
on page 155.
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Configuration for All Measurement Types
Display Settings
7 Configuration for All Measurement Types
The main measurement dialog offers access to all measurement settings. The layout of
the dialog and how to open is are described in Chapter 5.1.2, "Main Measurement Dia-
log", on page 30.
In the navigation pane, you can directly set the unit and the resolution for numeric
results. These settings are also available under "Display".
The settings available for all measurements are described in the following, while measurement-specific settings are described in Chapter 8, "Measurement Types and
Result Displays", on page 63.
7.1 Display Settings
Access: Main measurement dialog > "Display"
The available display settings depend on the measurement type and whether the result
display is numeric or graphical:
●
Resolution and unit of a measurement
●
Graphical or numerical display of measured values
●
Scaling parameters for graphical display
The statistics measurement has no "Display" settings, but you can scale the display.
Figure 7-1: Display dialog, example for time gate measurement
Resolution..................................................................................................................... 47
Unit................................................................................................................................47
Forward Unit..................................................................................................................48
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Display Settings
Display Format..............................................................................................................48
Auxiliary Values.............................................................................................................48
Scaling.......................................................................................................................... 48
└ Scale Lower Limit............................................................................................49
└ Scale Upper Limit............................................................................................49
└ Start Time........................................................................................................49
└ Time / Div........................................................................................................50
└ Trace Length...................................................................................................50
└ Power Reference............................................................................................ 50
└ Power / Div......................................................................................................50
└ Power Span.................................................................................................... 50
└ Unit..................................................................................................................51
Max Hold.......................................................................................................................51
Max Hold Function........................................................................................................ 51
Limit Monitor..................................................................................................................51
└ Lower Limit State............................................................................................ 51
└ Lower Limit......................................................................................................51
└ Upper Limit State............................................................................................ 52
└ Upper Limit......................................................................................................52
└ Forward Lower Limit State, Reflection Lower Limit State............................... 52
└ Forward Lower Limit, Reflection Lower Limit..................................................52
└ Forward Upper Limit State, Reflection Upper Limit State............................... 52
└ Forward Upper Limit, Reflection Upper Limit..................................................53
Resolution
Configures the resolution of the measurement. For logarithmic power values (dB, dBm
or dBμV), the number of decimal places is set directly. For linear power values (W, ∆%,
1), the number of decimal places depends on the selected resolution and the magnitude of the result.
"1 dB | 0.1 dB |
0.01 dB |
0.001 dB "
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:RESolution on page 178
Unit
Specifies the unit of the display. The available units depend on the Channel Calculation
Function.
"dBm"
"dBμV"
"W"
"dB"
"Δ%"
"x1"
Sets the resolution to a specific value.
Power in dBm
Power in dBμV
Power in W
Quotient of the power values as dB
Difference between the power values in W, given in %. 0 % means
that the powers in both channels are equal.
Quotient of the power values (non-logarithmic)
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Display Settings
Remote command:
UNIT<Measurement>:POWer[:VALue] on page 190
UNIT<Measurement>:POWer:RATio on page 189
Forward Unit
Available for NRT measurements.
Specifies the unit of measurement in forward direction. See "Unit" on page 47.
Remote command:
UNIT<Measurement>:POWer[:VALue] on page 190
UNIT<Measurement>:POWer:RATio on page 189
Display Format
Specifies the display format of the measured values.
"Scalar Digital"
"Scalar Analog"
"Graphical"
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:DMODe on page 176
Available for continuous average, burst average, pulse analysis, time
gate, timeslot, NRT measurements.
Numeric format
Marker on a scale
Available for time gate, timeslot measurements.
Measured values are plotted over time.
Auxiliary Values
Available for the graphic displays of continuous average, burst average measurements. Only displayed if the measurement result display is shown in full screen.
Determines which additional information about the measured values is shown in the
display. If you press [1 Trig / Delete], you reset the auxiliary values.
"None"
"Extremes"
"Statistics"
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:AVALue on page 176
Scaling
Specifies the scaling of the display. The available parameters depend on the following
settings:
●
Measurement Type.
●
Display Format
No additional values are measured.
Displays the maximum, the minimum and the max-min values since
the search for extreme values has been started. With logarithmic
units, the peak-to-peak value equals the quotient of the measured
values converted into linear units.
Displays the longterm mean, the standard deviation and the total
number of measurement results that have been evaluated since the
search for statistic values has been started.
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Configuration for All Measurement Types
Display Settings
Scale Lower Limit ← Scaling
If Display Format is set to "Scalar Analog", available for continuous average, burst
average, time gate, timeslot measurements.
Specifies the lower limit of the display.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
CCDF on page 199
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA][:
POWer] on page 202
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
RATio:RCOefficient on page 200
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
RATio:RFRatio on page 200
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
RATio:RLOSs on page 200
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
RATio:SWR on page 201
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
RATio[:VALue] on page 201
Scale Upper Limit ← Scaling
If Display Format is set to "Scalar Analog", available for continuous average, burst
average, time gate, timeslot measurements.
Specifies the upper limit of the display.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
CCDF on page 202
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA][:
POWer] on page 204
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
RATio:RCOefficient on page 202
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
RATio:RFRatio on page 203
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
RATio:RLOSs on page 203
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
RATio:SWR on page 204
CALCulate<Measurement>:METer<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
RATio[:VALue] on page 204
Start Time ← Scaling
Available for statistics measurements. If Display Format is set to "Graphical", available
for trace, pulse analysis, time gate, timeslot measurements.
Defines the position of the left screen edge relative to the delayed trigger. The value
can be negative so that signal components are displayed before the trigger event.
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Display Settings
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:X[:SCALe]:LEFT on page 183
Time / Div ← Scaling
Available for statistics measurements. If Display Format is set to "Graphical", available
for trace, pulse analysis, time gate, timeslot measurements.
Sets the time resolution of the results window. The time per division is one tenth of the
Trace Length.
Trace Length ← Scaling
If Display Format is set to "Graphical", available for trace, pulse analysis, time gate,
timeslot measurements.
Sets the duration of the trace.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:X[:SCALe]:LENGth on page 183
[SENSe<Sensor>:]TRACe:OFFSet:TIME on page 188
Power Reference ← Scaling
Available for trace, pulse analysis, time gate, timeslot, statistics measurements.
Sets the power reference value. The reference value is assigned to the top line of the
grid.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:TOP:DB on page 185
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:TOP:DBM on page 185
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:TOP:DBUV on page 186
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:TOP:DPCT on page 186
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:TOP:ONE on page 186
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:TOP:WATT on page 187
Power / Div ← Scaling
Available for trace, pulse analysis, time gate, timeslot, statistics measurements.
Sets the vertical scaling. The power per division is one tenth of the Power Span.
The combination of Power Reference and this parameter define the vertical orientation
of the trace.
Remote command:
[SENSe<Sensor>:]TRACe:TIME on page 188
Power Span ← Scaling
Available for trace, pulse analysis, time gate, timeslot measurements.
Sets the power level range.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:SPAN:DB on page 183
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:SPAN:DBM on page 183
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:SPAN:DBUV on page 184
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:SPAN:DPCT on page 184
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Display Settings
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:SPAN:ONE on page 184
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:Y[:SCALe]:SPAN:WATT on page 185
Unit ← Scaling
Sets the unit of the power axis.
Max Hold
If enabled, displays the highest value measured for each point (pixel) of the selected
display type.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:HOLD[:STATe] on page 177
Max Hold Function
For all measurement functions, the R&S NRX stores the maximum and minimum values and the calculated differences between these values.
The selected setting applies to both power and reflection indication. You can change
between maximum, minimum or difference display at any time.
"Max"
"Min"
"Max − Min"
Maximum value
Minimum value
Difference between maximum and minimum value
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:HOLD:FUNCtion on page 177
Limit Monitor
Available for continuous average, burst average, time gate, timeslot, NRT measurements.
For each window with digital or digital/analog result display, you can set an upper and
a lower limit.
Lower Limit State ← Limit Monitor
Enables or disables a lower limit.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer:STATe
on page 192
Lower Limit ← Limit Monitor
Defines a lower limit.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
CCDF on page 193
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
RATio:RCOefficient on page 193
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
RATio:RFRatio on page 194
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
RATio:RLOSs on page 194
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Display Settings
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
RATio:SWR on page 195
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
RATio[:VALue] on page 195
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]:
POWer on page 195
Upper Limit State ← Limit Monitor
Enables or disables an upper limit.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer:STATe
on page 196
Upper Limit ← Limit Monitor
Defines an upper limit.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
CCDF on page 196
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
RATio:RCOefficient on page 197
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
RATio:RFRatio on page 197
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
RATio:RLOSs on page 198
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
RATio:SWR on page 198
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
RATio[:VALue] on page 198
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]:
POWer on page 199
Forward Lower Limit State, Reflection Lower Limit State ← Limit Monitor
Available for NRT measurements.
Enables or disables the monitoring function for the lower limit.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer:STATe
on page 192
Forward Lower Limit, Reflection Lower Limit ← Limit Monitor
Available for NRT measurements.
Defines the value for the lower limit.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:LOWer[:DATA]
on page 193
Forward Upper Limit State, Reflection Upper Limit State ← Limit Monitor
Available for NRT measurements.
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Enables or disables the monitoring function for the upper limit.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer:STATe
on page 196
Forward Upper Limit, Reflection Upper Limit ← Limit Monitor
Available for NRT measurements.
Defines the value for the upper limit.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:LIMit<DirectionalChannel>:UPPer[:DATA]
on page 196
7.2 Controlling the Measurement
The power sensor offers a bunch of possibilities to control the measurement:
●
Do you want to start the measurement immediately after the initiate command or
do you want to wait for a trigger event?
●
Do you want to start a single measurement cycle or a sequence of measurement
cycles?
●
Do you want to output each new average value as a measurement result or do you
want to bundle more measured values into one result?
Controlling the Measurement
Further information:
●
Chapter 7.3, "Triggering", on page 54
●
See the power sensor user manual for examples on the interplay of the controlling
mechanisms.
7.2.1 Controlling the Measurement Results
The R&S NRX can cope with the wide range of measurement scenarios with the help
of the so-called "termination control". Depending on how fast your measurement
results change, you can define, how the measurement results are output.
Repeating termination control
Outputs a measurement result when the entire measurement has been completed.
This means that the number of measurement cycle repetitions is equal to the set average count. If the average count is large, the measurement time can be very long.
Useful if you expect slow changes in the results, and you want to avoid outputting
redundant data.
Moving termination control
Outputs intermediate values to facilitate early detection of changes in the measured
quantity. This means that for each partial measurement, a new average value is output
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as a measurement result. Thus, the measurement result is a moving average of the
last partial measurements. How many of the partial measurements are averaged is
defined by the average count.
Useful if you want to detect trends in the result during the measurement.
7.3 Triggering
In a basic continuous measurement, the measurement is started immediately after the
initiate command. However, sometimes you want that the measurement starts only if a
specific condition is fulfilled. For example, if a signal level is exceeded, or in certain
time intervals. For these cases, you can define a trigger for the measurement.
7.3.1 Trigger States
The power sensor has trigger states to define the exact start and stop time of a measurement and the sequence of a measurement cycle. The following states are defined:
●
Idle
The power sensor performs no measurement. After powered on, the power sensor
is in the idle state.
●
Waiting for trigger
The power sensor waits for a trigger event that is defined by the trigger source.
When the trigger event occurs, the power sensor enters the measuring state.
●
Measuring
The power sensor is measuring data. It remains in this state during the measurement. When the measurement is completed, it exits this state immediately.
Configuration for All Measurement Types
Triggering
7.3.2 Trigger Sources
The possible trigger conditions and the execution of a trigger depend on the selected
trigger mode and trigger source.
If the signal power exceeds or falls below a reference level set by the trigger level, the
measurement is started after the defined delay time. Waiting for a trigger event can be
skipped.
Trigger source Description Remote commands to initiate the measurement
"Hold" Waits for a trigger event. Press [1Trig] to trigger
the measurement.
Depending on the sensor type, the trigger is exe-
cuted by the trigger bus or by remote command.
See the user manual of the power sensor for
details.
"Immediate" Measures immediately, does not wait for trigger
condition.
TRIGger<Measurement>[:IMMediate]
-
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Triggering
Trigger source Description Remote commands to initiate the measurement
"Internal" Uses the input signal as trigger signal. TRIGger<Measurement>[:IMMediate]
"Internal A" , "Internal B" , "Internal C" ,
"Internal D"
"External" Uses the external trigger signal that is supplied at
"External 2" Requires a power sensor with a trigger input/
"Sensor Check
Source"
"Bus (*TRG)" Waits for a trigger event. Press [1Trig] to trigger
Receives the trigger signal from the trigger master. The trigger master is the sensor connected to
port A, B, C, or D. See "Trigger Master State"
on page 59.
the Trig In / Out 2 connector. See Chapter 3.2.1,
"Trig In / Out 2 and Out 1 / Trig Out Connectors",
on page 19.
output.
Uses the external trigger signal that is supplied at
the trigger input/output of the power sensor.
Requires the sensor check source (R&S NRX-B1)
option.
If enabled, the sensor check source (R&S NRXB1) sends trigger signals using the internal trigger
bus. See "Sensor Check Source tab"
on page 134.
the measurement.
Depending on the sensor type, the trigger is exe-
cuted by the trigger bus or by remote command.
See the user manual of the power sensor for
details.
-
TRIGger<Measurement>[:IMMediate]
TRIGger<Measurement>[:IMMediate]
*TRG
TRIGger<Measurement>[:IMMediate]
*TRG
TRIGger<Measurement>[:IMMediate]
7.3.3 Dropout Time
The dropout time is useful when dealing with signals with several active slots, for
example GSM signals, see Figure 7-2. When measuring in sync with the signal, a trigger event is to be produced at A, but not at B or C.
Figure 7-2: Significance of the dropout time
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Triggering
The RF power between the slots is below the threshold defined by the trigger level and
the trigger hysteresis. Therefore, the trigger hysteresis alone cannot prevent triggering
at B or at C. Therefore, set the dropout time greater than the time elapsed between
points D and B and between E and C, but smaller than the time elapsed between F
and A. Thus, you ensure that triggering takes place at A.
Because the mechanism associated with the dropout time is reactivated whenever the
trigger threshold is crossed, you can obtain also unambiguous triggering for many
complex signals.
If you use a hold-off time instead of a dropout time, you can obtain stable triggering
conditions - regular triggering at the same point. But you cannot achieve exclusive triggering at A.
7.3.4 Hold-Off Time
During the hold-off time, a period after a trigger event, all trigger events are ignored.
7.3.5 Trigger Settings
Access: Main measurement dialog > "Trigger"
For trace or pulse analysis measurements, the access is: Main measurement dialog >
"Trigger" > "Sensor Trigger"
Trigger Mode.................................................................................................................57
Trigger Source...............................................................................................................57
Trigger Level................................................................................................................. 57
Trigger Advanced..........................................................................................................57
└ Source.............................................................................................................58
└ Slope...............................................................................................................58
└ Level............................................................................................................... 58
└ Delay...............................................................................................................58
└ Dropout........................................................................................................... 58
└ Holdoff.............................................................................................................58
└ Hysteresis....................................................................................................... 58
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Triggering
Specific Trigger............................................................................................................. 59
└ Jitter Suppression........................................................................................... 59
└ Trigger Master State....................................................................................... 59
└ Trigger Master Port.........................................................................................59
└ Trigger Synchronize State.............................................................................. 59
└ Trigger Synchronize Port................................................................................ 59
└ Trigger 2 Input Impedance..............................................................................60
Trigger Mode
Controls the trigger execution depending on the settings under "Trigger Source"
on page 57.
"Normal"
"Freerun"
"Single"
"Auto"
Continuous triggering with regular trigger events.
Enables a continuous measurement. The power sensor executes one
measurement cycle after the other.
Available for trace, statistics measurements.
Disables continuous triggering so that only one trigger event at a time
is executed. To enable triggering again, press [1Trig].
Available for trace, statistics measurements.
Automatically starts a measurement if no trigger event has occurred
after 300 ms.
Remote command:
TRIGger<undef>:ALL:MODE on page 212
TRIGger<Measurement>:MODE on page 212
Trigger Source
"Primary Sensor Trigger Source", "Secondary Sensor Trigger Source"
Sets the source for the trigger event. See Chapter 7.3.2, "Trigger Sources",
on page 54.
Remote command:
TRIGger<undef>:ALL:SOURce on page 214
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:SOURce on page 214
Trigger Level
"Primary Sensor Trigger Level", "Secondary Sensor Trigger Level"
Sets the trigger threshold for internal triggering derived from the test signal.
The trigger level is displayed as dotted red line. The trigger time is displayed as small
rhomb on the trigger level line.
Remote command:
TRIGger<undef>:ALL:LEVel on page 211
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:LEVel on page 211
Trigger Advanced
"Primary Sensor Trigger Advanced", "Secondary Sensor Trigger Advanced"
Groups further trigger settings.
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Triggering
Source ← Trigger Advanced
See "Trigger Source" on page 57.
Slope ← Trigger Advanced
Determines which edge of the envelope power, with internal triggering, or increasing
voltage, with external triggering, is used for triggering.
"Positive"
"Negative"
Remote command:
TRIGger<undef>:ALL:SLOPe on page 213
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:SLOPe on page 213
Level ← Trigger Advanced
See "Trigger Level" on page 57-
Delay ← Trigger Advanced
Sets the delay between the trigger event and the beginning of the actual measurement.
Remote command:
TRIGger<undef>:ALL:DELay[:VALue] on page 208
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:DELay[:VALue] on page 208
Rising edge
Falling edge
Dropout ← Trigger Advanced
If the trigger level has been underrun with internal triggering, it is sometimes useful to
wait some time (drop-out time) before retriggering. The measurement of unwanted signal components can thus be suppressed. See Chapter 7.3.3, "Dropout Time",
on page 55.
Remote command:
TRIGger<undef>:ALL:DTIMe on page 209
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:DTIMe on page 209
Holdoff ← Trigger Advanced
Sets the hold-off time, see Chapter 7.3.4, "Hold-Off Time", on page 56.
Remote command:
TRIGger<undef>:ALL:HOLDoff on page 210
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:HOLDoff on page 210
Hysteresis ← Trigger Advanced
Sets the hysteresis. A trigger event occurs, if the trigger level:
●
Falls below the set value on a rising slope.
●
Rises above the set value on a falling slope.
Thus, you can use this setting to eliminate the effects of noise in the signal for the edge
detector of the trigger system.
Remote command:
TRIGger<undef>:ALL:HYSTeresis on page 210
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:HYSTeresis on page 210
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Triggering
Specific Trigger
Not available for each sensor type. Groups the specific trigger settings.
Jitter Suppression ← Specific Trigger
Defines the method how to cope with the misalignment between the trigger event and
the sample point.
"Compensate"
"Measure"
Remote command:
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:JITTer:METHod on page 211
Trigger Master State ← Specific Trigger
Enables or disables the trigger master mode of the sensor. If enabled, the power sensor outputs a digital trigger signal in sync with its own trigger event. The trigger signal
is output at the port selected under "Trigger Master Port" on page 59.
The trigger master has to use its internal trigger source. Set the trigger source for the
trigger slaves to "Internal [A to D]", where [A to D] is the port to which the trigger master is connected. The trigger signal generated by the trigger master is routed to the
R&S NRX and from there it is distributed to the trigger slaves and, if Trigger Source for
Trigger Output is set to "Sensor [A to D]", to the trigger output.
Remote command:
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:MASTer[:STATe] on page 213
Compensation means resampling of trace result.
Does not perform resampling, but stores the measured trigger jitter.
Trigger Master Port ← Specific Trigger
Sets the port where the trigger master sensor outputs a digital trigger signal.
Remote command:
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:MASTer:PORT on page 212
Trigger Synchronize State ← Specific Trigger
Usually used if "On" is set under "Trigger Master State" on page 59.
If enabled, blocks the external trigger bus as long as the sensor remains in the mea-
surement state. Thus, ensures that a new measurement is only started after all sensors have completed their measurements.
Make sure that the number of repetitions is the same for all sensors involved in the
measurement. Otherwise, the trigger bus is blocked by any sensor that has completed
its measurements before the others and has returned to the idle state.
Remote command:
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:SYNChronize[:STATe]
on page 215
Trigger Synchronize Port ← Specific Trigger
Sets the internal or external connection for the sync output of the sensor. For more
information, see "Trigger Synchronize State" on page 59.
Remote command:
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:SYNChronize:PORT
on page 214
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Measurement Settings Dialog
Trigger 2 Input Impedance ← Specific Trigger
Requires a power sensor with a trigger input.
Sets the termination resistance of the external trigger signal that is supplied at the trig-
ger input/output of the power sensor. Choose a setting that fits the impedance of the
trigger source to minimize reflections on the trigger signals.
Remote command:
TRIGger<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:EXTernal<Port>:IMPedance
on page 209
7.4 Measurement Settings Dialog
Access: In the main measurement dialog, tap the displayed measurement value or
graphic. See also "Layout of the main measurement dialog" on page 31.
In this dialog, you select the measurement type and the channel calculation function.
Based on the selected measurement and function, you can assign one or two sensors.
The assigned sensors are called primary sensor and secondary sensor.
The functions described here apply to the continuous average, burst average, trace,
pulse analysis, time gate, timeslot. For the other measurements, see:
●
Statistics: Chapter 8.7.3, "Measurement Settings Dialog", on page 93
●
NRT: Chapter 8.8.3, "Measurement Main Configuration Dialog", on page 103
For configuring the assigned power sensors, see:
●
Quick Setup
●
Chapter 9, "Sensor Configuration", on page 104
Figure 7-3: Example: continuous average
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Measurement Settings Dialog
Measurement Type....................................................................................................... 61
Primary Sensor, Secondary Sensor..............................................................................61
Primary Sensor Config, Secondary Sensor Config....................................................... 61
Channel Calculation Function....................................................................................... 61
Quick Setup...................................................................................................................62
└ Parameter Set.................................................................................................62
└ Auto Set.......................................................................................................... 62
Measurement Type
Sets the measurement type.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:TYPE on page 217
Primary Sensor, Secondary Sensor
Available for continuous average, burst average, trace, pulse analysis, time gate, timeslot measurements.
Assigns the primary or secondary sensor. You can choose any of the sensors that are
connected to a sensor port of the R&S NRX. The port letter, to which the sensor is connected, is displayed in front of the hostname of the sensor.
Example: C: NRP33SN-104711; C is the port, NRP33SN-104711 is the sensor name.
If "Prim. Single" is set under Channel Calculation Function, the secondary sensor is
disabled.
If a power sensor does not support the selected Measurement Type, a settings conflict
is displayed. See also Chapter 6.5, "Settings Conflict", on page 44.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:SENSe:INDex on page 218
[SENSe<Sensor>:]CATalog? on page 218
Primary Sensor Config, Secondary Sensor Config
Available for continuous average, burst average, trace, pulse analysis, time gate, timeslot measurements.
For configurating the primary and secondary sensors, assigned under Primary Sensor,
Secondary Sensor.
See Chapter 9, "Sensor Configuration", on page 104.
Channel Calculation Function
Available for continuous average, burst average, trace, pulse analysis, time gate, timeslot measurements.
You can combine the measured values from the primary and secondary sensor using a
mathematical function. The primary and secondary sensors are assigned under Pri-
mary Sensor, Secondary Sensor.
Apart from the "Prim. Single" function, all functions require values measured by two
sensors.
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Measurement Settings Dialog
The letters in brackets indicate the port to which the primary or secondary sensor is
connected. In this example, the primary sensor is connected to port C, and the secondary sensor is connected to port A.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:MATH[:EXPRession] on page 270
CALCulate<Measurement>:MATH[:EXPRession]:CATalog? on page 272
Quick Setup
Available for continuous average, burst average, trace, pulse analysis, time gate, timeslot measurements.
Groups the settings for a quick sensor configuration. Alternatively, you can use Primary
Sensor Config, Secondary Sensor Config.
Parameter Set ← Quick Setup
Sets an existing parameter set to configure the sensor.
Auto Set ← Quick Setup
Configures the sensor automatically.
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Continuous Average
8 Measurement Types and Result Displays
The different measurement types and their specific configuration settings are described
in the following. For settings available for all measurements, refer to Chapter 7, "Con-
figuration for All Measurement Types", on page 46.
● Continuous Average................................................................................................63
● Burst Average......................................................................................................... 65
● Trace.......................................................................................................................67
● Pulse Analysis.........................................................................................................72
● Time Gate............................................................................................................... 80
● Timeslot...................................................................................................................85
● Statistics..................................................................................................................91
● NRT.........................................................................................................................98
8.1 Continuous Average
The power sensor measures the signal average power asynchronously within a
defined time interval, the so-called aperture or sampling window. After a trigger event,
the power is integrated over the time interval.
The continuous average measurement type is the preferred measurement method if
the measurement is not to be, or cannot be, synchronized with a specific signal event.
It is the only available measurement type for thermal power sensors because they are
too slow for the other measurement types.
8.1.1 Continuous Average Result Display
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The measurement result is a single scalar value, either an absolute value or related to
a reference value.
8.1.2 Continuous Average Settings
Access: "Measurement Settings" > "Measurement Type" > "Continuous Average"
Unit................................................................................................................................64
Resolution..................................................................................................................... 64
Display.......................................................................................................................... 64
Rel.................................................................................................................................64
└ Reference Value............................................................................................. 64
└ Relative Measurements.................................................................................. 64
Trigger...........................................................................................................................65
Unit
See "Unit" on page 47.
Resolution
See "Resolution" on page 47.
Display
See Chapter 7.1, "Display Settings", on page 46.
Rel
Groups the settings for relative measurements.
Reference Value ← Rel
Available if Relative Measurements is set to "On" or "Set".
Sets the reference value.
Remote command:
[SENSe<Sensor>:]POWer:REFerence on page 220
CALCulate<Measurement>:RELative<DirectionalChannel>:POWer[:
MAGNitude] on page 260
CALCulate<Measurement>:RELative<DirectionalChannel>:RATio[:
MAGNitude] on page 262
Relative Measurements ← Rel
Allows you to relate measured power to a reference value. Whether the power is measured by one power sensor or whether it is a combined value measured by two power
sensors is set by "Channel Calculation Function" on page 61.
Off
On
Set
Displays the absolute power or power ratio.
Displays the relative power or power ratio. As reference value, the
value specified under Reference Value is used.
Assigns the current measurement result as reference value and dis-
plays the relative power.
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Burst Average
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:RELative<DirectionalChannel>[:STATe]
on page 263
Trigger
See Chapter 7.3, "Triggering", on page 54.
8.2 Burst Average
The power sensor measures the average burst power of pulsed signals. The burst
average measurement is available with multipath and wideband power sensors.
No external trigger signal is required, because the power sensor detects the start and
end of the burst itself. The time interval in which the average power is measured starts
when the power exceeds the trigger level and ends when the trigger logic detects the
end of the pulse.
Power
Trigger level
Pulse interval
Time
Dropout tolerance
Dropout time
Figure 8-1: Burst average measurement parameters
To prevent power drops due to modulation from being erroneously interpreted as the
end of a pulse, you must define the dropout tolerance. The dropout tolerance is a time
interval in which the pulse end is only recognized if the signal level no longer exceeds
the trigger level.
Useful parameters:
●
"Trigger Level" on page 57
●
"Dropout" on page 58
●
"Dropout Tolerance" on page 107
●
"Exclude from Start, Exclude from End" on page 107
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Burst Average
8.2.1 Burst Average Result Display
The measurement result is a single scalar value, either an absolute value or related to
a reference value.
8.2.2 Burst Average Settings
Access: "Measurement Settings" > "Measurement Type" > "Burst Average"
Unit................................................................................................................................66
Resolution..................................................................................................................... 66
Display.......................................................................................................................... 66
Rel.................................................................................................................................66
Trigger...........................................................................................................................66
Unit
See "Unit" on page 47.
Resolution
See "Resolution" on page 47.
Display
See Chapter 7.1, "Display Settings", on page 46.
Rel
See "Rel" on page 64.
Trigger
See Chapter 7.3, "Triggering", on page 54.
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Trace
8.3 Trace
The power sensor measures power over time. Define the number of measurement
points and the measurement time. The length of an individual measurement is determined from the ratio of total time and the defined number of measurement points. The
entire result is called a "trace". Each trace must be triggered separately.
● Trace Result Display...............................................................................................67
● Trace Settings.........................................................................................................67
● Trace Marker Dialog................................................................................................69
8.3.1 Trace Result Display
Displays the waveform. Use the markers to determine exact x- and y-values. In sum,
4 markers are provided for the 2 traces. See also "Info / Marker" on page 68.
8.3.2 Trace Settings
Access: "Measurement Settings" > "Measurement Type" > "Trace"
Display.......................................................................................................................... 68
Pos / Scaling................................................................................................................. 68
Autoscale...................................................................................................................... 68
Info / Marker..................................................................................................................68
M1 / M2 / M3 / M4......................................................................................................... 68
Trigger...........................................................................................................................68
└ Display............................................................................................................ 69
└ Trig Mode........................................................................................................69
└ Trig Source......................................................................................................69
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Trace
└ Trig Slope........................................................................................................69
└ Level............................................................................................................... 69
└ Sensor Trigger................................................................................................ 69
Display
See Chapter 7.1, "Display Settings", on page 46.
Pos / Scaling
Defines the effect of the cursor keys on the displayed trace.
"Pos"
"Scaling"
Autoscale
Adapts the scaling of the power axis to the trace. The scaling of the time axis is adapted only if the power sensor supports it.
Shifts the position. Press one of the cursor keys to shift the trace in xand y-direction.
Changes the scaling. Press one of the cursor keys to expand or compress the trace.
Info / Marker
Shows or hides additional information below the graph.
"Info"
"Marker"
M1 / M2 / M3 / M4
Shows the selected marker in the trace.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Undef>:SELection on page 231
Trigger
Gives quick access to selected trigger settings.
Displays measurement settings.
Displays the marker results according to the set measurement, see
"Measurement Mode" on page 72. If you tap here, the "Trace
Marker" dialog opens, see Chapter 8.3.3, "Trace Marker Dialog",
on page 69.
Shows buttons to select a marker, see "M1 / M2 / M3 / M4"
on page 68.
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Trace
Shows the trace. The trigger level is indicated as dotted red line.
Display ← Trigger
See Chapter 7.1, "Display Settings", on page 46.
Trig Mode ← Trigger
See "Trigger Mode" on page 57.
Trig Source ← Trigger
See "Trigger Source" on page 57.
Trig Slope ← Trigger
See "Slope" on page 58.
Level ← Trigger
See "Trigger Level" on page 57.
Sensor Trigger ← Trigger
See Chapter 7.3, "Triggering", on page 54.
8.3.3 Trace Marker Dialog
Access: Select Marker and tap the marker results that are displayed below the trace.
Used for configuring markers. Each marker is configured individually. Select the marker
you want to configure.
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Trace
Marker Mode.................................................................................................................70
Position Mode............................................................................................................... 70
Position......................................................................................................................... 71
Data Source.................................................................................................................. 72
Reference Marker......................................................................................................... 72
Measurement Mode...................................................................................................... 72
Marker Mode
Enables or disables the marker. Also defines the appearance of the marker.
"Off"
"Ruler"
"Measure"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:MODE on page 227
Position Mode
Defines where the marker is placed.
"Fixed Time"
"Fixed Power"
"Relative to Ref Position"
"Relative to Ref Power"
Disables the marker.
Shows a line at the marker position. Useful if you use the marker as
Reference Marker.
Shows a triangle at the marker position.
At a fixed time, set by Position.
At a fixed power value, set by Position.
At a time difference of Position to the x-position of the Reference
Marker.
At a power difference of Position to the y-position of the Reference
Marker.
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Trace
"From Ref Power <-"
Starting from the right border, at a power difference of Position to the
y-position of the Reference Marker.
"From Ref Power ->"
Starting from the left border, at a power difference of Position to the y-
position of the Reference Marker.
"Peak Search"
"Min Search"
"Peak Search from Ref <-", "Min Search from Ref <-"
"Peak Search from Ref ->", "Min Search from Ref ->"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:MODE
on page 227
Position
Sets an absolute or relative time or power value for the marker position defined under
Position Mode.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:TIME
on page 230
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:RELative:
TIME on page 230
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:POWer:DBM
on page 228
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:POWer:
DBUV on page 228
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:POWer:
WATT on page 230
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:RELative:
POWer:DB on page 229
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:RELative:
POWer:DPCT on page 229
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:RELative:
POWer:O on page 230
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:RELative:
POWer:WATT on page 230
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:POWer:
RATio:DB on page 229
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:POWer:
RATio:DPCT on page 229
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:POSition:POWer:
RATio:O on page 230
Measured maximum power
Measured minimum power
Maximum or minimum power measured left from Reference Marker.
Maximum or minimum power measured right from Reference Marker.
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Pulse Analysis
Data Source
Available if "Measure" is set under Marker Mode.
Selects the trace.
Reference Marker
Defines a marker as reference marker.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:REFerence
on page 231
Measurement Mode
Available if "Measure" is set under Marker Mode.
Defines the measurement. The marker result is displayed under Info / Marker.
"Trace Value "
"Power Ratio to Ref"
Measures the power of the trace.
Marker result is "p".
Measures the power ratio in relation to the reference marker.
Marker result is "Δp".
"Time Diff to Ref"
Measures the time difference in relation to the reference marker.
Marker result is "Δt".
"Average Power to Ref"
Measures the average power between time positions of the marker
and its reference marker.
Marker result is "Pav".
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MARKer<Marker>:FUNCtion on page 226
8.4 Pulse Analysis
Supported by wideband power sensors. Use this measurement type for automatic
analysis of pulsed signals. You can measure either power over time over the whole
trace, or restrict the measurement to a defined portion of the pulse signal. Trigger each
trace separately.
● Pulse Analysis Result Display.................................................................................73
● Pulse Analysis Settings...........................................................................................73
● Pulse Analysis Dialog..............................................................................................74
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Pulse Analysis
8.4.1 Pulse Analysis Result Display
Shows a pulse signal in trace presentation. 2 traces are available. The measurement
results are displayed below the trace. Each measurement result is represented by a
symbol that is also used to select the result. You can choose which results you want to
display, see Chapter 8.4.3, "Pulse Analysis Dialog", on page 74.
8.4.2 Pulse Analysis Settings
Access: "Measurement Settings" > "Measurement Type" > "Pulse Analysis"
Display.......................................................................................................................... 73
Pos / Scaling................................................................................................................. 73
Autoscale...................................................................................................................... 73
T1 / T2...........................................................................................................................73
Trigger...........................................................................................................................74
Display
See Chapter 7.1, "Display Settings", on page 46.
Pos / Scaling
See "Pos / Scaling" on page 68.
Autoscale
See "Autoscale" on page 68.
T1 / T2
Selects the displayed trace.
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Trigger
Gives quick access to selected trigger settings. See "Trigger" on page 68.
8.4.3 Pulse Analysis Dialog
Access: Tap the measurement results that are displayed below the trace.
On the "Time" and "Power" tabs, select the measurement results that are displayed
below the trace. The R&S NRX can display a maximum of 12 measurement results. If
you select more, a warning is displayed.
100
Amplitude (%)
0
Overshoot
Pulse width
Pulse period
Undershoot
0
Rise time
Figure 8-2: Main pulse analysis parameters and characteristic values
1
Fall time
2
Pulse top
Pulse base
Time (s)
Time tab........................................................................................................................ 75
└ Pulse Width.....................................................................................................75
└ Pulse Period....................................................................................................75
└ Duty Cycle.......................................................................................................76
└ Pulse Off Time................................................................................................ 76
└ Rise Time........................................................................................................76
└ Fall Time......................................................................................................... 76
└ Start Time........................................................................................................76
└ Stop Time........................................................................................................76
└ Sampling Rate................................................................................................ 77
Power tab......................................................................................................................77
└ Pulse Top........................................................................................................ 77
└ Trace Peak......................................................................................................77
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Pulse Analysis
└ Neg. Overshoot...............................................................................................78
└ Pulse Base......................................................................................................78
└ Trace Min........................................................................................................78
└ High Ref..........................................................................................................78
└ Trace Avg........................................................................................................78
└ Pos. Overshoot............................................................................................... 78
└ Low Ref...........................................................................................................79
Configuration tab...........................................................................................................79
└ Reference Levels relate to..............................................................................79
└ Algorithm.........................................................................................................79
└ High Reference Level..................................................................................... 80
└ Reference Level..............................................................................................80
└ Low Reference Level...................................................................................... 80
└ Reset to Defaults............................................................................................ 80
Time tab
Selects the time-related measurement results that are displayed below the trace. The
selections on this tab apply to all traces.
Pulse Width ← Time tab
Time between the first positive edge and the subsequent negative edge of the pulse,
where the edges occur at crossings of the mid threshold.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:PULSe:DURation[:
STATe] on page 242
Pulse Period ← Time tab
Time between two consecutive edges of the same polarity in seconds. In this time, the
pulse signal completes one cycle.
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Pulse Analysis
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:PULSe:PERiod[:STATe]
on page 242
Duty Cycle ← Time tab
Pulse width
Duty cycle =
Pulse period
The ratio is expressed as a value between 0 and 1.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:PULSe:DCYCle[:STATe]
on page 242
Pulse Off Time ← Time tab
Time between the first negative edge and the subsequent positive edge of the pulse in
seconds, where the edges occur at crossings of the mid threshold. During this time, the
pulse remains at the pulse base level.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:PULSe:SEParation[:
STATe] on page 243
Rise Time ← Time tab
Time the pulse requires to transition from the pulse base level to the pulse top level.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:TRANsition:POSitive:
DURation[:STATe] on page 244
Fall Time ← Time tab
Time the pulse requires to transition from the pulse top level to the pulse base level.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:TRANsition:NEGative:
DURation[:STATe] on page 243
Start Time ← Time tab
Time when the signal passes through the medial reference power level with rising
edge, referenced to the delayed trigger event. Indicates the start point of the first power
pulse within the analysis window.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:TRANsition:POSitive:
OCCurrence[:STATe] on page 245
Stop Time ← Time tab
Time when the signal passes through the medial reference power level with falling
edge, referenced to the delayed trigger event. Indicates the stop point of the first power
pulse within the analysis window.
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Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:TRANsition:NEGative:
OCCurrence[:STATe] on page 244
Sampling Rate ← Time tab
Number of samples per second.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:PULSe:RESolution[:
STATe] on page 242
Power tab
Selects the power-related measurement results that are displayed below the trace. The
selections on this tab apply to all traces.
Pulse Top ← Power tab
Pulse top power level detected by the selected Algorithm. This value is used as a reference (100 %) to determine other parameter values such as the rising or falling thresholds.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:POWer:PULSe:TOP[:
STATe] on page 241
Trace Peak ← Power tab
Maximum power measured within the analysis window.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:POWer:MAXimum[:STATe]
on page 240
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Neg. Overshoot ← Power tab
Height of the local minimum before a rising edge, divided by the pulse amplitude:
Negative overshoot = 100 % x
Depends on the setting under Reference Levels relate to.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:TRANsition:NEGative:
OVERshoot[:STATe] on page 244
Pulse Base ← Power tab
Pulse base power level detected by the selected Algorithm. This value is used as a reference (0 %) to determine other parameter values such as the rising or falling thresholds.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:POWer:PULSe:BASE[:
STATe] on page 240
Trace Min ← Power tab
Minimum power measured within the analysis window.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:POWer:MINimum[:STATe]
on page 240
Pulse base power - minimum power
Pulse amplitude
High Ref. ← Power tab
Power level at High Reference Level.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:POWer:PULSe:
HREFerence[:STATe] on page 241
Trace Avg ← Power tab
Average power during the time the pulse is active.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:POWer:AVG[:STATe]
on page 240
Pos. Overshoot ← Power tab
Height of the local maximum before a falling edge, divided by the pulse amplitude:
Positive overshoot = 100 % x
Depends on the setting under Reference Levels relate to.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:TRANsition:POSitive:
OVERshoot[:STATe] on page 245
Max. power - pulse top power
Pulse amplitude
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Pulse Analysis
Low Ref. ← Power tab
Power level at Low Reference Level.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:POWer:PULSe:
LREFerence[:STATe] on page 241
Configuration tab
Defines the reference levels for the pulse timing. All values are specified in percent of
the pulse amplitude. The settings on this tab are trace-specific.
Reference Levels relate to ← Configuration tab
Selects whether the reference levels are voltage-related or power-related.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:RRELation on page 243
Algorithm ← Configuration tab
Selects the analysis algorithm for detecting the pulse top and the pulse base power of
a pulsed signal. From these power levels, the reference levels are derived.
"Histogram"
"Integration"
Analyzes the histogram of the trace data. The average of all points
representing the pulse top is taken as pulse top power. Similarly, the
pulse base is determined.
This algorithm is suitable for most pulse signals.
Fits a rectangle pulse of the same energy into the pulse signal as a
reference and thus determines the pulse top power.
This algorithm is recommended for:
●
Pulse signals with modulation
●
If the pulse energy is considered
For example, if you compare the measurement result to a measurement result of a thermal power sensor.
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Time Gate
"Peak"
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:MEASurement:ALGorithm on page 233
High Reference Level ← Configuration tab
Defines the end of the rising edge and the start of the falling edge of the pulse. Used
for the measurement of the rise or fall time.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:POWer:PULSe:
HREFerence[:STATe] on page 241
Reference Level ← Configuration tab
Defines the pulse width, pulse start time and pulse stop time.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:TRACe:MEASurement:POWer:REFerence?
on page 236
Low Reference Level ← Configuration tab
Defines the start of the rising edge and the end of the falling edge of the pulse. Used
for the measurement of the rise or fall time.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<Window>]:TRACe:MEASurement:POWer:PULSe:
LREFerence[:STATe] on page 241
Assigns the pulse peak power to the pulse top power.
Reset to Defaults ← Configuration tab
Resets all parameters on the Configuration tab
8.5 Time Gate
In combination with the R&S NRX, all power sensors that support the timeslot measurement, can use also this measurement type. The power sensor measures the average power in time intervals chosen by you. These time intervals are called time gates.
You can configure up to 4 different gates, but use only one at a time for measuring.
The time resolution is determined by the sampling rate of the power sensor. An external trigger signal or internal signal triggering is required for synchronization.
● Time Gate Result Display....................................................................................... 80
● Time Gate Settings................................................................................................. 82
● Gate Configuration Dialog.......................................................................................84
8.5.1 Time Gate Result Display
You can choose between a scalar or graphical result display.
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Time Gate
To change the display format
1. Select the time gate measurement type:
"Measurement Settings" > "Measurement Type" > "Time Gate"
2. Select the display format:
"Display" > "Display Format"
Scalar display
Figure 8-3: Time gate, scalar digital display
The measurement result is a single scalar value. It refers to the selected time gate. If
"Scalar Analog" is set as Display Format, a bar chart visualizes the measurement
result.
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Time Gate
Graphical display
Figure 8-4: Time gate, graphical display
In the upper pane, the measurement result is shown as a single trace measurement of
the primary sensor. The active gate is indicated as colored area. The color is matching
the color assigned to the gate. You can change the gate configuration directly by using
touch gestures. If you have a channel calculation function running that involves
2 power sensors, a legend in the upper right corner shows the assignment of curve to
measurement channel.
In the lower pane, the 4 gates are displayed with:
●
Assigned color
●
Measurement values:
– "Av"
Average power within gate
– "Pk"
Peak power within gate
– "Cf"
Crest factor
●
Borders, see t0 / t1 / t2 / t3.
●
Length Δt
If you tap the lower pane, the Gate Configuration Dialog opens.
8.5.2 Time Gate Settings
Access: "Measurement Settings" > "Measurement Type" > "Time Gate"
The available settings depend on the selected result display.
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Time Gate
G1 / G2 / G3 / G4..........................................................................................................83
Gates.............................................................................................................................83
Display.......................................................................................................................... 83
Resolution..................................................................................................................... 83
Pos / Scaling................................................................................................................. 83
Autoscale...................................................................................................................... 83
t0 / t1 / t2 / t3................................................................................................................. 83
Rel.................................................................................................................................84
Trigger...........................................................................................................................84
G1 / G2 / G3 / G4
Selects the active gate for the measurement.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TGATe<Undef>[:AVG]:SELection
on page 247
Gates
Available for the scalar displays.
Opens the "Gate Configuration" dialog, see Chapter 8.5.3, "Gate Configuration Dialog",
on page 84.
Display
See Chapter 7.1, "Display Settings", on page 46.
Resolution
Available for the scalar displays.
See "Resolution" on page 47.
Pos / Scaling
Available for the graphical display.
Defines the effect of the cursor keys on the displayed trace.
"Pos"
"Scaling"
Autoscale
Available for the graphical display.
Adapts the scaling of the power axis to the trace. The scaling of the time axis is adap-
ted only if the power sensor supports it.
t0 / t1 / t2 / t3
Available if:
●
Graphical display is enabled.
●
Pos / Scaling is disabled.
Selects a gate or fence border so that you can change the start time or length. The
selected border is displayed as dashed line.
Shifts the position. Press one of the cursor keys to shift the trace in x-
and y-direction.
Changes the scaling. Press one of the cursor keys to expand or com-
press the trace.
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Time Gate
"t0"
"t1"
"t2"
"t3"
Rel
Available for the scalar displays.
See "Rel" on page 64.
Trigger
See Chapter 7.3, "Triggering", on page 54.
Start of Gate
Length of Gate
Start of Fence. Only available if Fence is enabled.
Length of Fence. Only available if Fence is enabled.
8.5.3 Gate Configuration Dialog
Access depends on the selected measurement type and display format:
●
Time gate, scalar display: "Time Gate" > "Gates"
●
Time gate, graphical display: Tap the lower pane where the gate information is displayed.
●
Statistics: "Statistics" > "Evaluate" > "Statistics Timing", tap the lower pane where
the gate information is displayed.
Used for configuring gates. The gates are used in the time gate and statistics measurements. Each gate is configured individually. Select the gate you want to configure.
Figure 8-5: Example for time gate measurement type
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Timeslot
Start of Gate..................................................................................................................85
Length of Gate.............................................................................................................. 85
Fence............................................................................................................................ 85
Start of Fence................................................................................................................85
Length of Fence............................................................................................................ 85
Start of Gate
Sets the start time of the gate.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TGATe<Gate>[:AVG]:TIME on page 246
Length of Gate
Sets the length of the gate.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TGATe<Gate>[:AVG]:OFFSet[:TIME]
on page 245
Fence
Enables or disables an exclusion interval for the selected gate. This exclusion interval
is called fence. The interval where the fence overlaps with the gate is excluded from
the measurement.
Like a gate, a fence is defined by its start time and its length.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TGATe<Gate>[:AVG][:EXCLude]:MID[:
STATe] on page 247
Start of Fence
Sets the start time of the fence. The start time refers to the start of the gate.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TGATe<Gate>[:AVG][:EXCLude]:MID:
TIME on page 246
Length of Fence
Sets the length of the fence.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TGATe<Gate>[:AVG][:EXCLude]:MID:
OFFSet[:TIME] on page 246
8.6 Timeslot
Supported by multipath and wideband power sensors. The power sensor measures the
average power in successive timeslots. You can define the number and characteristics
of the timeslots. But different to time gate measurements, where each gate is defined
individually, the timeslots all share the characteristics. Thus, the timeslots are arranged
in a frame structure with equal spacing and are suitable for periodic signals. The time
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Trigger level
Measurement Types and Result Displays
resolution is determined by the sampling rate of the power sensor. An external trigger
signal or internal signal triggering is required for synchronization.
Timeslot 1 Timeslot 2 Timeslot 3
Trigger event
Power
Timeslot
Exclude from start
Exclude from end
Figure 8-6: Timeslot measurement parameters
Adopt the timeslot width to the test signal. You can restrict the measurement to the relevant part of a timeslot by excluding intervals at the start and the end of the timeslot.
Also, you can define an exclusion interval, a so-called fence, within the timeslot.
● Timeslot Result Display...........................................................................................86
● Timeslot Settings.....................................................................................................88
● Timeslot Configuration Dialog.................................................................................89
8.6.1 Timeslot Result Display
You can choose between a scalar or graphical result display.
To change the display format
1. Select the timeslot measurement type:
"Measurement Settings" > "Measurement Type" > "Timeslot"
Timeslot width
Start of fence
Time
Length of fence
2. Select the display format:
"Display" > "Display Format"
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Timeslot
Scalar display
Figure 8-7: Timeslot, scalar digital display
The measurement result is a single scalar value. It refers to the selected timeslot. If
"Scalar Analog" is set as Display Format, a bar chart visualizes the measurement
result.
Graphical display
Figure 8-8: Timeslot, graphical display
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Timeslot
In the upper pane, the measurement result is shown as a single trace measurement of
the primary sensor. The timeslots are indicated as rectangles. The selected timeslot is
indicated as colored area. You can change the timeslot configuration directly by using
touch gestures. If you have a channel calculation function running that involves
2 power sensors, a legend in the upper right corner shows the assignment of curve to
measurement channel.
In the lower pane, the selected timeslot is displayed with:
●
Measurement values:
– "Av"
Average power within gate
– "Pk"
Peak power within gate
– "Cf"
●
Width
●
Borders, see t1, t2, t3, t4, t5.
If you tap the lower pane, the Timeslot Configuration Dialog opens.
8.6.2 Timeslot Settings
Access: "Measurement Settings" > "Measurement Type" > "Timeslot"
The available settings depend on the selected result display.
Timeslot.........................................................................................................................88
Slots.............................................................................................................................. 88
Display.......................................................................................................................... 88
Resolution..................................................................................................................... 89
Pos / Scaling................................................................................................................. 89
Autoscale...................................................................................................................... 89
t1, t2, t3, t4, t5............................................................................................................... 89
Rel.................................................................................................................................89
Trigger...........................................................................................................................89
Timeslot
Selects a timeslot for the measurement.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TSLot[:AVG]:SELection on page 249
Slots
Available for the scalar displays.
Opens the "Timeslot Configuration" dialog, see Chapter 8.6.3, "Timeslot Configuration
Dialog", on page 89.
Display
See Chapter 7.1, "Display Settings", on page 46.
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Timeslot
Resolution
Available for the scalar displays.
See "Resolution" on page 47.
Pos / Scaling
Available if:
●
Graphical display is enabled.
●
t1, t2, t3, t4, t5 is disabled.
Scales or moves the graph.
Autoscale
Available for the graphical display.
Adapts the scaling of the power axis to the trace. The scaling of the time axis is adap-
ted only if the power sensor supports it.
t1, t2, t3, t4, t5
Available if:
●
Graphical display is selected.
●
Pos / Scaling is disabled.
Selects a border so that you can change the timeslot length and included/excluded
intervals. The selected border is displayed as dashed line.
"t1"
"t2"
"t3"
"t4"
"t5"
Nominal Width
Exclude from Start
Exclude from End
Start of Fence. Only available if Fence is enabled.
Length of Fence. Only available if Fence is enabled.
Rel
Available for the scalar displays.
See "Rel" on page 64.
Trigger
See Chapter 7.3, "Triggering", on page 54.
8.6.3 Timeslot Configuration Dialog
Access depends on the selected display format:
●
Scalar display: "Timeslot" > "Slots"
●
Graphical display: Tap the lower pane where the gate information is displayed.
Used for configuring the characteristics of the timeslots.
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Timeslot
Slots.............................................................................................................................. 90
Nominal Width...............................................................................................................90
Exclude from Start.........................................................................................................90
Exclude from End..........................................................................................................90
Fence............................................................................................................................ 91
Start of Fence................................................................................................................91
Length of Fence............................................................................................................ 91
Slots
Sets the number of simultaneously measured timeslots.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TSLot[:AVG]:COUNt on page 248
Nominal Width
Sets the length of the timeslot.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TSLot[:AVG]:WIDTh on page 249
Exclude from Start
Defines an interval at the start of the timeslot that is excluded from the measurement.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:TSLot:TIMing:EXCLude:STARt on page 248
Exclude from End
Defines an interval at the end of the timeslot that is excluded from the measurement.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:TSLot:TIMing:EXCLude:STOP on page 248
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Statistics
Fence
Enables or disables an exclusion interval in the timeslots. This exclusion interval is
called fence. The fence is defined by its start time and its length.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TSLot[:AVG][:EXCLude]:MID[:STATe]
on page 250
Start of Fence
Sets the start time of the fence. The start time refers to the start of the timeslots.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TSLot[:AVG][:EXCLude]:MID:TIME
on page 249
Length of Fence
Sets the length of the fence.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:POWer]:TSLot[:AVG][:EXCLude]:MID:
OFFSet[:TIME] on page 249
8.7 Statistics
Supported by wideband power sensors. The power sensor measures power over time.
Using the statistics measurement type, you can analyze the statistical distribution of
the envelope power. The duration of the sampling window is either defined by the
chosen gate or a set aperture time. The measurement is repeated until the minimum
number of samples is collected.
● Statistics Result Display..........................................................................................91
● Statistics Settings....................................................................................................93
● Measurement Settings Dialog.................................................................................93
● Scale Configuration Dialog......................................................................................95
● Statistics Timing Dialog...........................................................................................96
8.7.1 Statistics Result Display
You can choose between a tabular or graphical result display.
In the lower pane, the following measurement results are provided for the 2 traces:
●
"Peak"
Peak power
●
"Avg"
Average power
●
Measurement result at the x-marker position. The marker is set using [dBm] / [dB]
marker.
●
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Statistics
Power value at the y-marker position. The marker is set using [%] marker.
Figure 8-9: Statistics, graphical display
The graph displays the waveform of the selected trace.
Tap Table to display the measurement results in tabular format. The table contains the
measurement results for 2 traces. The second trace is measured by a second power
sensor or generated by an internal AWGN source. You can use the second trace as
reference trace.
Figure 8-10: Statistics, tabular display
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Statistics
8.7.2 Statistics Settings
Access: "Measurement Settings" > "Measurement Type" > "Statistics"
Graph / Table.................................................................................................................93
Scaling.......................................................................................................................... 93
Evaluate........................................................................................................................ 93
[dBm] / [dB] marker....................................................................................................... 93
[%] marker.....................................................................................................................93
Trigger...........................................................................................................................93
Graph / Table
Available if "CCDF" or "CDF" is set under Statistics Function.
Shows or hides the measurement results table.
Scaling
Opens the "Scale Configuration" dialog, see Chapter 8.7.4, "Scale Configuration Dia-
log", on page 95.
Evaluate
Opens the "Statistics Timing" dialog, see Chapter 8.7.5, "Statistics Timing Dialog",
on page 96.
[dBm] / [dB] marker
Positions the x-marker to a power value. The associated measurement result is displayed in the lower pane, see Figure 8-10.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics:MARKer:X:POSition:RELative
on page 259
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics:MARKer:X:POSition[:ABSolute]
on page 259
[%] marker
Positions the y-marker to a measurement value. The associated power value is displayed in the lower pane, see Figure 8-10.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics:PDF:MARKer:Y:POSition
on page 259
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics[:CDF]:MARKer:Y:POSition
on page 258
Trigger
See Chapter 7.3, "Triggering", on page 54.
8.7.3 Measurement Settings Dialog
Access: In the "Statistics" dialog, tap the displayed table or graph.
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Statistics
The settings in the left column are the same as for the other measurement types:
●
"Measurement Type", see "Measurement Type" on page 61.
●
"Sensor", see "Primary Sensor, Secondary Sensor" on page 61.
●
"Sensor Config" > "Aperture"
See "Aperture" on page 106.
The settings in the right column are specific for statistics measurements.
Statistics Function.........................................................................................................94
Minimum Samples.........................................................................................................95
AWGN...........................................................................................................................95
Statistics Function
Sets the function used for analyzing the statistical distribution of the envelope power.
"CCDF"
"CDF"
"PDF"
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:FEED<Channel>
on page 215
Complementary cumulative distribution function
Probability that the envelope power is higher than the corresponding
x-axis power value. Linear or logarithmic scale.
Cumulative distribution function
Probability that the envelope power is lower than the corresponding
x-axis power value. Linear or logarithmic scale.
Probability density function
Normalized distribution density of the envelope power. The measure-
ment results are dimensionless and independent of the magnitude of
the average power value (Av).
Only linear scale is available.
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Statistics
Minimum Samples
Sets the minimum number of samples.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics:SAMPles[:MINimum] on page 252
AWGN
Enables or disables the internal, additional white Gaussian noise (AWGN) source. If
enabled, you cannot measure with a second power sensor.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics:AWGN[:STATe] on page 252
8.7.4 Scale Configuration Dialog
Access: "Statistics" > "Scaling"
Used for configuring the axes of the display.
Scaling of Power Axis
Minimum Power............................................................................................................ 96
Power / div.................................................................................................................... 96
Scaling of Y Axis........................................................................................................... 96
Y Maximum................................................................................................................... 96
Y / div............................................................................................................................ 96
Auto Scale.....................................................................................................................96
Scaling of Power Axis
Sets relative or absolute scaling for the x-axis.
"Absolute"
"Relative"
................................................................................................... 95
Absolute power in dBm.
Relative power in dB, referenced to the average power.
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Statistics
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics[:SCALe]:X:MODE on page 256
Minimum Power
Sets the lower limit of the level range as reference for the graphical display.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics[:SCALe]:X:RLEVel[:ABSolute]
on page 257
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics[:SCALe]:X:RLEVel:RELative
on page 257
Power / div
Sets the scaling of the power axis.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics[:SCALe]:X:POINts on page 256
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics[:SCALe]:X:RANGe on page 257
Scaling of Y Axis
Sets linear or logarithmic scaling for the y-axis.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics[:SCALe]:Y:SPACing on page 258
Y Maximum
Available if "Linear" is set under Scaling of Y Axis.
Sets the maximum value of the y-axis.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics:PDF[:SCALe]:Y:TOP on page 255
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics[:CDF][:SCALe]:Y[:LINear]:TOP
on page 256
Y / div
Available if "Linear" is set under Scaling of Y Axis.
Sets the scaling of the y-axis.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics:PDF[:SCALe]:Y:PDIVision
on page 255
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics[:CDF][:SCALe]:Y[:LINear]:
PDIVision on page 255
Auto Scale
Adapts the scaling of the power axis to the trace.
8.7.5 Statistics Timing Dialog
Access: "Statistics" > "Evaluate"
Configures the sampling window of the measurement.
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Statistics
If you tap the lower pane, the "Gate Configuration" dialog opens, see Chapter 8.5.3,
"Gate Configuration Dialog", on page 84.
Display.......................................................................................................................... 97
Pos / Scaling................................................................................................................. 97
Autoscale...................................................................................................................... 97
Evaluate........................................................................................................................ 97
t0 / t1 / t2 / t3................................................................................................................. 98
Display
Opens the "Trace Configuration" dialog that contains the scaling functions:
●
"Start Time" on page 49
●
"Time / Div" on page 50
●
"Power Reference" on page 50
●
"Power / Div" on page 50
●
"Unit" on page 51
Pos / Scaling
Defines the effect of the cursor keys on the displayed trace.
"Pos"
"Scaling"
Shifts the position. Press one of the cursor keys to shift the trace in x-
and y-direction.
Changes the scaling. Press one of the cursor keys to expand or com-
press the trace.
Autoscale
Adapts the scaling of the power axis to the trace.
Evaluate
Opens the "Evaluate" dialog to configure the sampling window.
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"Gate 1" / "Gate 2" / "Gate 3" / "Gate 4"
Continuous
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>:STATistics:TGATe:SELection on page 253
t0 / t1 / t2 / t3
Available if Pos / Scaling is disabled.
The same gates are used in the time gate and statistics measurements. See "t0 / t1 /
t2 / t3" on page 83.
8.8 NRT
Requires the sensor interface for R&S NRT (R&S NRX-B9), see Chapter 3.1.2, "Mod-
ule Bay", on page 14.
Measurement Types and Result Displays
NRT
Select the gate that you want to configure and use for the measure-
ment.
Sets unsynchronized acquisition. Set the duration of the sampling
window using Aperture.
Used for power reflection measurements with the R&S NRT directional power sensors.
The power sensor measures the forward and reverse power. The forward power is the
power flux from the source to the load. For configuring the power sensor, see Chap-
ter 9.5, "For NRT Measurement Type", on page 117.
8.8.1 NRT Result Display
The R&S NRX displays the forward and reverse power simultaneously.
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NRT
Displays two scalar values, one for the selected Forward measurement and one for the
Reflection measurement. In this example, Average ("Aver") and Return Loss ("RLos")
are selected.
8.8.2 NRT Settings
Access: "Measurement Settings" > "Measurement Type" > "NRT"
Forward.........................................................................................................................99
└ Average.........................................................................................................100
└ CCDF............................................................................................................100
└ Peak Envelope Power (PEP)........................................................................100
└ Absorption Average...................................................................................... 100
└ Crest Factor (CF)..........................................................................................100
└ Absorption PEP.............................................................................................101
└ Burst Average............................................................................................... 101
└ Absorption Burst........................................................................................... 101
Reflection.................................................................................................................... 101
└ Off................................................................................................................. 101
└ Reverse Power............................................................................................. 101
└ Standing Wave Ratio (SWR)........................................................................ 102
└ Return Loss...................................................................................................102
└ Reflection Coefficient....................................................................................102
└ Reflection Ratio.............................................................................................102
Display........................................................................................................................ 102
Autoscale.................................................................................................................... 102
Trigger.........................................................................................................................102
Power
Forward
Opens a dialog to measure power, power differences and envelope parameters.
Peak envelope power (PEP)
Burst average
Average
Burst width
Burst period
Figure 8-11: Forward power measurement parameters
Time
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NRT
Average ← Forward
Average power
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:FEED<Channel>
"POWer:FORWard:AVERage"
CCDF ← Forward
Complementary cumulative distribution function. Probability that the envelope power is
higher than the threshold set under "CCDF Threshold" on page 119.
Suitable for assessing the power distribution of spread-spectrum signals, for example
CDMA.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:FEED<Channel>
"POWer:FORWard:CCDFunction"
Peak Envelope Power (PEP) ← Forward
Peak power of an amplitude-modulated signal. Depending on the selected Video Band-
width, this parameter allows detecting short-time overshoots at the beginning of a
burst.
The peak envelope power (PEP) is an important parameter for describing the modula-
tion characteristics of transmitter output stages.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:FEED<Channel>
"POWer:FORWard:PEP"
Absorption Average ← Forward
Absorbed average power. Difference between the forward and reverse Average measurement.
This parameter measures the effective power transmitted to the load. With good
matching, the difference between forward power and absorbed power is less than one
percent.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:FEED<Channel>
"POWer:ABSorption:AVERage"
Crest Factor (CF) ← Forward
Level difference between the peak envelope power and the average power in dB.
Crest factor =
Allows recognizing larger modulation distortions quickly.
Remote command:
CALCulate<Measurement>[:CHANnel<Channel>]:FEED<Channel>
"POWer:CFACtor"
10 dB x log
Peak envelope power
Average power
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