R&S NRP2 User Manual

R&S®NRP2
Power Meter

User Manual

(;×éÇ2)

1173.9157.02 ─ 03

User Manual

Test & Measurement

This document describes the R&S®NRP2 and its options.

●

R&S®NRP-B1, Sensor Check Source

●

R&S®NRP-B2, Second Sensor Input B

●

R&S®NRP-B5, 3rd and 4th Sensor Input C and D

●

R&S®NRP-B6, Rear Panel Sensor Input A and B

The firmware of the instrument makes use of several valuable open source software packages. For information, see the "Open Source

Acknowledgement" on the user documentation CD-ROM (included in delivery).

Rohde & Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing.

© 2012 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG

Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Munich, Germany

Phone: [phone] - 0

Fax: [phone]

E-mail: [e-mail]

Internet: http://www.rohde-schwarz.com

Printed in Germany – Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.

R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.

Trade names are trademarks of the owners.

The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®NRP2 is abbreviated as R&S NRP2, and the R&S ®NRP-Zxx Power

Sensors are abbreviated as R&S NRP-Zxx.

Basic Safety Instructions

Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions!

All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety
standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety. Our
products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed, built and tested in accordance with the
safety standards that apply in each case. Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by
our quality assurance system. The product described here has been designed, built and tested in
accordance with the attached EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s plant in a
condition fully complying with safety standards. To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation,
you must observe all instructions and warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions
regarding these safety instructions, the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer
them.

Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This product is designed
for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or, if expressly permitted, also in the field and must
not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage. You are responsible if the
product is used for any intention other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer's
instructions. The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product.

The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation
and within its performance limits (see data sheet, documentation, the following safety instructions). Using
the product requires technical skills and a basic knowledge of English. It is therefore essential that only
skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be allowed to use the
product. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz products, this will be indicated at
the appropriate place in the product documentation. Keep the basic safety instructions and the product
documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users.

Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by
dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions
before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety
instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation. In
these safety instructions, the word "product" refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde &
Schwarz group of companies, including instruments, systems and all accessories.

Symbols and safety labels

Notice, general
danger location

Observe product
documentation

ON/OFF supply
voltage

Caution
when
handling
heavy
equipment

Standby
indication

Danger of
electric
shock

Direct current
(DC)

Warning!
Hot surface

Alternating current
(AC)

PE terminal Ground Ground

terminal

Direct/alternating
current (DC/AC)

Device fully protected by
double (reinforced) insulation

Be careful when
handling
electrostatic
sensitive
devices

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 1

Basic Safety Instructions

Tags and their meaning

The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the reader about risks
and dangers.

indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.

indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.

indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or
moderate injury.

indicates the possibility of incorrect operation which can result in damage to
the product.
In the product documentation, the word ATTENTION is used synonymously.

These tags are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European Economic
Area. Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist in other economic areas or
military applications. It is therefore essential to make sure that the tags described here are always used
only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product. The use of tags in
connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation and in personal injury
or material damage.

Operating states and operating positions

The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the
manufacturer, without the product's ventilation being obstructed. If the manufacturer's specifications are
not observed, this can result in electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death. Applicable local
or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work
performed.

1. Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply to Rohde & Schwarz products:
predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing down, IP protection 2X, pollution
severity 2, overvoltage category 2, use only indoors, max. operating altitude 2000 m above sea level,
max. transport altitude 4500 m above sea level. A tolerance of ±10 % shall apply to the nominal
voltage and ±5 % to the nominal frequency.

2. Do not place the product on surfaces, vehicles, cabinets or tables that for reasons of weight or stability
are unsuitable for this purpose. Always follow the manufacturer's installation instructions when
installing the product and fastening it to objects or structures (e.g. walls and shelves). An installation
that is not carried out as described in the product documentation could result in personal injury or
death.

3. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters. The ambient
temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in
the data sheet. Product overheating can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or
death.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 2

Basic Safety Instructions

Electrical safety

If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all to the extent necessary, electric shock,
fire and/or serious personal injury or death may occur.

1. Prior to switching on the product, always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product
matches the nominal voltage of the AC supply network. If a different voltage is to be set, the power

use of the product may have to be changed accordingly.

f

2. In the case of products of safety class I with movable power cord and connector, operation is
permitted only on sockets with an earthing contact and protective earth connection.

3. Intentionally breaking the protective earth connection either in the feed line or in the product itself is
not permitted. Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product. If extension
cords or connector strips are implemented, they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that
they are safe to use.

4. If the product does not have a power switch for disconnection from the AC supply network, the plug of
the connecting cable is regarded as the disconnecting device. In such cases, always ensure that the
power plug is easily reachable and accessible at all times (corresponding to the length of connecting
cable, approx. 2 m). Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing disconnection from
the AC supply network. If products without power switches are integrated into racks or systems, a
disconnecting device must be provided at the system level.

5. Never use the product if the power cable is damaged. Check the power cable on a regular basis to
ensure that it is in proper operating condition. By taking appropriate safety measures and carefully
laying the power cable, you can ensure that the cable will not be damaged and that no one can be
hurt by, for example, tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock.

6. The product may be operated only from TN/TT supply networks fused with max. 16 A (higher fuse
only after consulting with the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies).

7. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty. Insert the plug firmly and all the way into the
socket. Otherwise, sparks that result in fire and/or injuries may occur.

8. Do not overload any sockets, extension cords or connector strips; doing so can cause fire or electric
shocks.

9. For measurements in circuits with voltages V

> 30 V, suitable measures (e.g. appropriate

rms

measuring equipment, fusing, current limiting, electrical separation, insulation) should be taken to
avoid any hazards.

10. Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment, e.g. PCs or other industrial
computers, comply with the IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 or IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1 standards that apply
in each case.

11. Unless expressly permitted, never remove the cover or any part of the housing while the product is in
operation. Doing so will expose circuits and components and can lead to injuries, fire or damage to the
product.

12. If a product is to be permanently installed, the connection between the PE terminal on site and the
product's PE conductor must be made first before any other connection is made. The product may be
installed and connected only by a licensed electrician.

13. For permanently installed equipment without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or similar protective
devices, the supply circuit must be fused in such a way that anyone who has access to the product, as
well as the product itself, is adequately protected from injury or damage.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 3

Basic Safety Instructions

14. Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage (such as that caused by a bolt of
lightning) can reach the product. Otherwise, the person operating the product will be exposed to the
danger of an electric shock.

15. Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must not be used for this
purpose. Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product and/or electric shocks, fire or injuries.

6. Unless specified otherwise, products are not liquid-proof (see also section "Operating states and

1

operating positions", item 1. Therefore, the equipment must be protected against penetration by
liquids. If the necessary precautions are not taken, the user may suffer electric shock or the product
itself may be damaged, which can also lead to personal injury.

17. Never use the product under conditions in which condensation has formed or can form in or on the
product, e.g. if the product has been moved from a cold to a warm environment. Penetration by water
increases the risk of electric shock.

18. Prior to cleaning the product, disconnect it completely from the power supply (e.g. AC supply network
or battery). Use a soft, non-linting cloth to clean the product. Never use chemical cleaning agents such
as alcohol, acetone or diluents for cellulose lacquers.

Operation

1. Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration. Make sure that persons
who use the products are physically, mentally and emotionally fit enough to do so; otherwise, injuries
or material damage may occur. It is the responsibility of the employer/operator to select suitable
personnel for operating the products.

2. Before you move or transport the product, read and observe the section titled "Transport".

3. As with all industrially manufactured goods, the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction
(allergens) such as nickel cannot be generally excluded. If you develop an allergic reaction (such as a
skin rash, frequent sneezing, red eyes or respiratory difficulties) when using a Rohde & Schwarz
product, consult a physician immediately to determine the cause and to prevent health problems or
stress.

4. Before you start processing the product mechanically and/or thermally, or before you take it apart, be
sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled "Waste disposal", item 1.

5. Depending on the function, certain products such as RF radio equipment can produce an elevated
level of electromagnetic radiation. Considering that unborn babies require increased protection,
pregnant women must be protected by appropriate measures. Persons with pacemakers may also be
exposed to risks from electromagnetic radiation. The employer/operator must evaluate workplaces
where there is a special risk of exposure to radiation and, if necessary, take measures to avert the
potential danger.

6. Should a fire occur, the product may release hazardous substances (gases, fluids, etc.) that can
cause health problems. Therefore, suitable measures must be taken, e.g. protective masks and
protective clothing must be worn.

7. If a laser product (e.g. a CD/DVD drive) is integrated into a Rohde & Schwarz product, absolutely no
other settings or functions may be used as described in the product documentation. The objective is to
prevent personal injury (e.g. due to laser beams).

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 4

Basic Safety Instructions

Repair and service

1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel. Before any work is
performed on the product or before the product is opened, it must be disconnected from the AC supply
network. Otherwise, personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock.

2. Adjustments, replacement of parts, maintenance and repair may be performed only by electrical

xperts authorized by Rohde & Schwarz. Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant

e
to safety (e.g. power switches, power transformers, fuses). A safety test must always be performed
after parts relevant to safety have been replaced (visual inspection, PE conductor test, insulation
resistance measurement, leakage current measurement, functional test). This helps ensure the
continued safety of the product.

Batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells

If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells is not observed either at all or to the
extent necessary, product users may be exposed to the risk of explosions, fire and/or serious personal
injury, and, in some cases, death. Batteries and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes (e.g.
lithium cells) must be handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard.

1. Cells must not be taken apart or crushed.

2. Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire. Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided.
Keep cells and batteries clean and dry. Clean soiled connectors using a dry, clean cloth.

3. Cells or batteries must not be short-circuited. Cells or batteries must not be stored in a box or in a
drawer where they can short-circuit each other, or where they can be short-circuited by other
conductive materials. Cells and batteries must not be removed from their original packaging until they
are ready to be used.

4. Keep cells and batteries out of the hands of children. If a cell or a battery has been swallowed, seek
medical aid immediately.

5. Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted.

6. If a cell develops a leak, the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes. If
contact occurs, wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid.

7. Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells)
can cause explosions. Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see
parts list) in order to ensure the safety of the product.

8. Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste. Rechargeable batteries
and normal batteries that contain lead, mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste. Observe the
national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling.

Transport

1. The product may be very heavy. Therefore, the product must be handled with care. In some cases,
the user may require a suitable means of lifting or moving the product (e.g. with a lift-truck) to avoid
back or other physical injuries.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 5

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

2. Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product. It is
therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as
cranes, fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the
means of transport or lifting. Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of
transport or lifting. Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material damage.

3. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive the vehicle safely
and properly. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for accidents or collisions. Never use the
product in a moving vehicle if doing so could distract the driver of the vehicle. Adequately secure the
product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident.

Waste disposal

1. If products or their components are mechanically and/or thermally processed in a manner that goes
beyond their intended use, hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust such as lead, beryllium, nickel)
may be released. For this reason, the product may only be disassembled by specially trained
personnel. Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health. National waste disposal
regulations must be observed.

2. If handling the product releases hazardous substances or fuels that must be disposed of in a special
way, e.g. coolants or engine oils that must be replenished regularly, the safety instructions of the
manufacturer of the hazardous substances or fuels and the applicable regional waste disposal
regulations must be observed. Also observe the relevant safety instructions in the product
documentation. The improper disposal of hazardous substances or fuels can cause health problems
and lead to environmental damage.

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

Es imprescindible leer y observar las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad!

El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al día
con los estándares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el máximo grado de seguridad. Nuestros
productos y todos los equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados según las normas de
seguridad vigentes. Nuestro sistema de garantía de calidad controla constantemente que sean cumplidas
estas normas. El presente producto ha sido fabricado y examinado según el certificado de conformidad
adjunto de la UE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado impecable según los estándares técnicos de
seguridad. Para poder preservar este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento libre de peligros, el usuario
deberá atenerse a todas las indicaciones, informaciones de seguridad y notas de alerta. El grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz está siempre a su disposición en caso de que tengan preguntas referentes a
estas informaciones de seguridad.

Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto
está destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o, si ha sido expresamente
autorizado, para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deberá ser utilizado de modo que alguna
persona/cosa pueda sufrir daño. El uso del producto fuera de sus fines definidos o sin tener en cuenta las
instrucciones del fabricante queda en la responsabilidad del usuario. El fabricante no se hace en ninguna
forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del producto.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 6

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado conforme a las
indicaciones de la correspondiente documentación del producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento
definido (ver hoja de datos, documentación, informaciones de seguridad que siguen). El uso del producto
hace necesarios conocimientos técnicos y ciertos conocimientos del idioma inglés. Por eso se debe tener
en cuenta que el producto solo pueda ser operado por personal especializado o personas instruidas en
profundidad con las capacidades correspondientes. Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de seguridad para el

so de productos de Rohde & Schwarz, encontraría la información debida en la documentación del

u
producto en el capítulo correspondiente. Guarde bien las informaciones de seguridad elementales, así
como la documentación del producto, y entréguelas a usuarios posteriores.

Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para evitar en lo posible lesiones o daños por
peligros de toda clase. Por eso es imprescindible leer detalladamente y comprender por completo las
siguientes informaciones de seguridad antes de usar el producto, y respetarlas durante el uso del
producto. Deberán tenerse en cuenta todas las demás informaciones de seguridad, como p. ej. las
referentes a la protección de personas, que encontrarán en el capítulo correspondiente de la
documentación del producto y que también son de obligado cumplimiento. En las presentes
informaciones de seguridad se recogen todos los objetos que distribuye el grupo de empresas
Rohde & Schwarz bajo la denominación de "producto", entre ellos también aparatos, instalaciones así
como toda clase de accesorios.

Símbolos y definiciones de seguridad

Aviso: punto de
peligro general

Observar la
documentación
del producto

Tensión de
alimentación de
PUESTA EN
MARCHA /
PARADA

Atención en
el manejo de
dispositivos
de peso
elevado

Indicación de
estado de
espera
(Standby)

Peligro de
choque
eléctrico

Corriente
continua (DC)

Adver­tencia:
superficie
caliente

Conexión a
conductor de
protección

Corriente alterna
(AC)

Conexión
a tierra

Corriente
continua /
Corriente alterna
(DC/AC)

Conexión
a masa

El aparato está protegido
en su totalidad por un
aislamiento doble
(reforzado)

Aviso: Cuidado
en el manejo de
dispositivos
sensibles a la
electrostática
(ESD)

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 7

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

Palabras de señal y su significado

En la documentación del producto se utilizan las siguientes palabras de señal con el fin de advertir contra
riesgos y peligros.

PELIGRO identifica un peligro inminente con riesgo elevado que
provocará muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita.

ADVERTENCIA identifica un posible peligro con riesgo medio de
provocar muerte o lesiones (graves) si no se evita.

ATENCIÓN identifica un peligro con riesgo reducido de provocar
lesiones leves o moderadas si no se evita.

AVISO indica la posibilidad de utilizar mal el producto y, como
consecuencia, dañarlo.
En la documentación del producto se emplea de forma sinónima el
término CUIDADO.

Las palabras de señal corresponden a la definición habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el área
económica europea. Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definición en otras áreas económicas o
en aplicaciones militares. Por eso se deberá tener en cuenta que las palabras de señal aquí descritas
sean utilizadas siempre solamente en combinación con la correspondiente documentación del producto y
solamente en combinación con el producto correspondiente. La utilización de las palabras de señal en
combinación con productos o documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a interpretaciones
equivocadas y tener por consecuencia daños en personas u objetos.

Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento

El producto solamente debe ser utilizado según lo indicado por el fabricante respecto a los estados
operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la ventilación. Si no se siguen las
indicaciones del fabricante, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con
posible consecuencia de muerte. En todos los trabajos deberán ser tenidas en cuenta las normas
nacionales y locales de seguridad del trabajo y de prevención de accidentes.

1. Si no se convino de otra manera, es para los productos Rohde & Schwarz válido lo que sigue:
como posición de funcionamiento se define por principio la posición con el suelo de la caja para
abajo, modo de protección IP 2X, grado de suciedad 2, categoría de sobrecarga eléctrica 2, uso
solamente en estancias interiores, utilización hasta 2000 m sobre el nivel del mar, transporte hasta
4500 m sobre el nivel del mar. Se aplicará una tolerancia de ±10 % sobre el voltaje nominal y de
±5 % sobre la frecuencia nominal.

2. No sitúe el producto encima de superficies, vehículos, estantes o mesas, que por sus características
de peso o de estabilidad no sean aptos para él. Siga siempre las instrucciones de instalación del
fabricante cuando instale y asegure el producto en objetos o estructuras (p. ej. paredes y estantes). Si
se realiza la instalación de modo distinto al indicado en la documentación del producto, pueden
causarse lesiones o incluso la muerte.

3. No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que generen calor (p. ej. radiadores o calefactores). La
temperatura ambiente no debe superar la temperatura máxima especificada en la documentación del
producto o en la hoja de datos. En caso de sobrecalentamiento del producto, pueden producirse
choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 8

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

Seguridad eléctrica

Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones del fabricante en cuanto a seguridad
eléctrica, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia
de muerte.

1. Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto se deberá comprobar siempre que la tensión

reseleccionada en el producto coincida con la de la red de alimentación eléctrica. Si es necesario

p
modificar el ajuste de tensión, también se deberán cambiar en caso dado los fusibles
correspondientes del producto.

2. Los productos de la clase de protección I con alimentación móvil y enchufe individual solamente
podrán enchufarse a tomas de corriente con contacto de seguridad y con conductor de protección
conectado.

3. Queda prohibida la interrupción intencionada del conductor de protección, tanto en la toma de
corriente como en el mismo producto. La interrupción puede tener como consecuencia el riesgo de
que el producto sea fuente de choques eléctricos. Si se utilizan cables alargadores o regletas de
enchufe, deberá garantizarse la realización de un examen regular de los mismos en cuanto a su
estado técnico de seguridad.

4. Si el producto no está equipado con un interruptor para desconectarlo de la red, se deberá considerar
el enchufe del cable de conexión como interruptor. En estos casos se deberá asegurar que el enchufe
siempre sea de fácil acceso (de acuerdo con la longitud del cable de conexión, aproximadamente
2 m). Los interruptores de función o electrónicos no son aptos para el corte de la red eléctrica. Si los
productos sin interruptor están integrados en bastidores o instalaciones, se deberá colocar el
interruptor en el nivel de la instalación.

5. No utilice nunca el producto si está dañado el cable de conexión a red. Compruebe regularmente el
correcto estado de los cables de conexión a red. Asegúrese, mediante las medidas de protección y
de instalación adecuadas, de que el cable de conexión a red no pueda ser dañado o de que nadie
pueda ser dañado por él, p. ej. al tropezar o por un choque eléctrico.

6. Solamente está permitido el funcionamiento en redes de alimentación TN/TT aseguradas con fusibles
de 16 A como máximo (utilización de fusibles de mayor amperaje solo previa consulta con el grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz).

7. Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de corriente sucias o llenas de polvo. Introduzca el enchufe por
completo y fuertemente en la toma de corriente. La no observación de estas medidas puede provocar
chispas, fuego y/o lesiones.

8. No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente, los cables alargadores o las regletas de enchufe ya que esto
podría causar fuego o choques eléctricos.

9. En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente con una tensión U

> 30 V se deberán tomar las medidas

eff

apropiadas para impedir cualquier peligro (p. ej. medios de medición adecuados, seguros, limitación
de tensión, corte protector, aislamiento etc.).

10. Para la conexión con dispositivos informáticos como un PC o un ordenador industrial, debe
comprobarse que éstos cumplan los estándares IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 o IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1
válidos en cada caso.

11. A menos que esté permitido expresamente, no retire nunca la tapa ni componentes de la carcasa
mientras el producto esté en servicio. Esto pone a descubierto los cables y componentes eléctricos y
puede causar lesiones, fuego o daños en el producto.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 9

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

12. Si un producto se instala en un lugar fijo, se deberá primero conectar el conductor de protección fijo
con el conductor de protección del producto antes de hacer cualquier otra conexión. La instalación y
la conexión deberán ser efectuadas por un electricista especializado.

13. En el caso de dispositivos fijos que no estén provistos de fusibles, interruptor automático ni otros
mecanismos de seguridad similares, el circuito de alimentación debe estar protegido de modo que
todas las personas que puedan acceder al producto, así como el producto mismo, estén a salvo de
posibles daños.

14. Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensión (debida p. ej. a una caída del rayo) mediante
los correspondientes sistemas de protección. Si no, el personal que lo utilice quedará expuesto al
peligro de choque eléctrico.

15. No debe introducirse en los orificios de la caja del aparato ningún objeto que no esté destinado a ello.
Esto puede producir cortocircuitos en el producto y/o puede causar choques eléctricos, fuego o
lesiones.

16. Salvo indicación contraria, los productos no están impermeabilizados (ver también el capítulo
"Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento", punto 1). Por eso es necesario tomar las
medidas necesarias para evitar la entrada de líquidos. En caso contrario, existe peligro de choque
eléctrico para el usuario o de daños en el producto, que también pueden redundar en peligro para las
personas.

17. No utilice el producto en condiciones en las que pueda producirse o ya se hayan producido
condensaciones sobre el producto o en el interior de éste, como p. ej. al desplazarlo de un lugar frío a
otro caliente. La entrada de agua aumenta el riesgo de choque eléctrico.

18. Antes de la limpieza, desconecte por completo el producto de la alimentación de tensión (p. ej. red de
alimentación o batería). Realice la limpieza de los aparatos con un paño suave, que no se deshilache.
No utilice bajo ningún concepto productos de limpieza químicos como alcohol, acetona o diluyentes
para lacas nitrocelulósicas.

Funcionamiento

1. El uso del producto requiere instrucciones especiales y una alta concentración durante el manejo.
Debe asegurarse que las personas que manejen el producto estén a la altura de los requerimientos
necesarios en cuanto a aptitudes físicas, psíquicas y emocionales, ya que de otra manera no se
pueden excluir lesiones o daños de objetos. El empresario u operador es responsable de seleccionar
el personal usuario apto para el manejo del producto.

2. Antes de desplazar o transportar el producto, lea y tenga en cuenta el capítulo "Transporte".

3. Como con todo producto de fabricación industrial no puede quedar excluida en general la posibilidad
de que se produzcan alergias provocadas por algunos materiales empleados, los llamados alérgenos
(p. ej. el níquel). Si durante el manejo de productos Rohde & Schwarz se producen reacciones
alérgicas, como p. ej. irritaciones cutáneas, estornudos continuos, enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva o
dificultades respiratorias, debe avisarse inmediatamente a un médico para investigar las causas y
evitar cualquier molestia o daño a la salud.

4. Antes de la manipulación mecánica y/o térmica o el desmontaje del producto, debe tenerse en cuenta
imprescindiblemente el capítulo "Eliminación", punto 1.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 10

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

5. Ciertos productos, como p. ej. las instalaciones de radiocomunicación RF, pueden a causa de su
función natural, emitir una radiación electromagnética aumentada. Deben tomarse todas las medidas
necesarias para la protección de las mujeres embarazadas. También las personas con marcapasos
pueden correr peligro a causa de la radiación electromagnética. El empresario/operador tiene la
obligación de evaluar y señalizar las áreas de trabajo en las que exista un riesgo elevado de
exposición a radiaciones.

6. Tenga en cuenta que en caso de incendio pueden desprenderse del producto sustancias tóxicas
(gases, líquidos etc.) que pueden generar daños a la salud. Por eso, en caso de incendio deben
usarse medidas adecuadas, como p. ej. máscaras antigás e indumentaria de protección.

7. En caso de que un producto Rohde & Schwarz contenga un producto láser (p. ej. un lector de
CD/DVD), no debe usarse ninguna otra configuración o función aparte de las descritas en la
documentación del producto, a fin de evitar lesiones (p. ej. debidas a irradiación láser).

Reparación y mantenimiento

1. El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con autorización para ello. Antes
de manipular el producto o abrirlo, es obligatorio desconectarlo de la tensión de alimentación, para
evitar toda posibilidad de choque eléctrico.

2. El ajuste, el cambio de partes, el mantenimiento y la reparación deberán ser efectuadas solamente
por electricistas autorizados por Rohde & Schwarz. Si se reponen partes con importancia para los
aspectos de seguridad (p. ej. el enchufe, los transformadores o los fusibles), solamente podrán ser
sustituidos por partes originales. Después de cada cambio de partes relevantes para la seguridad
deberá realizarse un control de seguridad (control a primera vista, control del conductor de
protección, medición de resistencia de aislamiento, medición de la corriente de fuga, control de
funcionamiento). Con esto queda garantizada la seguridad del producto.

Baterías y acumuladores o celdas

Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones en cuanto a las baterías y
acumuladores o celdas, pueden producirse explosiones, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible
consecuencia de muerte. El manejo de baterías y acumuladores con electrolitos alcalinos (p. ej. celdas de
litio) debe seguir el estándar EN 62133.

1. No deben desmontarse, abrirse ni triturarse las celdas.

2. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a calor ni fuego. Debe evitarse el almacenamiento a la luz
directa del sol. Las celdas y baterías deben mantenerse limpias y secas. Limpiar las conexiones
sucias con un paño seco y limpio.

3. Las celdas o baterías no deben cortocircuitarse. Es peligroso almacenar las celdas o baterías en
estuches o cajones en cuyo interior puedan cortocircuitarse por contacto recíproco o por contacto con
otros materiales conductores. No deben extraerse las celdas o baterías de sus embalajes originales
hasta el momento en que vayan a utilizarse.

4. Mantener baterías y celdas fuera del alcance de los niños. En caso de ingestión de una celda o
batería, avisar inmediatamente a un médico.

5. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a impactos mecánicos fuertes indebidos.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 11

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

6. En caso de falta de estanqueidad de una celda, el líquido vertido no debe entrar en contacto con la
piel ni los ojos. Si se produce contacto, lavar con agua abundante la zona afectada y avisar a un
médico.

7. En caso de cambio o recarga inadecuados, las celdas o baterías que contienen electrolitos alcalinos
(p. ej. las celdas de litio) pueden explotar. Para garantizar la seguridad del producto, las celdas o
baterías solo deben ser sustituidas por el tipo Rohde & Schwarz correspondiente (ver lista de
recambios).

8. Las baterías y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura doméstica. Las baterías o
acumuladores que contienen plomo, mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales.
Respete en esta relación las normas nacionales de eliminación y reciclaje.

Transporte

1. El producto puede tener un peso elevado. Por eso es necesario desplazarlo o transportarlo con
precaución y, si es necesario, usando un sistema de elevación adecuado (p. ej. una carretilla
elevadora), a fin de evitar lesiones en la espalda u otros daños personales.

2. Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven solamente de ayuda para el transporte del producto por
personas. Por eso no está permitido utilizar las asas para la sujeción en o sobre medios de transporte
como p. ej. grúas, carretillas elevadoras de horquilla, carros etc. Es responsabilidad suya fijar los
productos de manera segura a los medios de transporte o elevación. Para evitar daños personales o
daños en el producto, siga las instrucciones de seguridad del fabricante del medio de transporte o
elevación utilizado.

3. Si se utiliza el producto dentro de un vehículo, recae de manera exclusiva en el conductor la
responsabilidad de conducir el vehículo de manera segura y adecuada. El fabricante no asumirá
ninguna responsabilidad por accidentes o colisiones. No utilice nunca el producto dentro de un
vehículo en movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al conductor. Asegure el producto dentro del vehículo
debidamente para evitar, en caso de un accidente, lesiones u otra clase de daños.

Eliminación

1. Si se trabaja de manera mecánica y/o térmica cualquier producto o componente más allá del
funcionamiento previsto, pueden liberarse sustancias peligrosas (polvos con contenido de metales
pesados como p. ej. plomo, berilio o níquel). Por eso el producto solo debe ser desmontado por
personal especializado con formación adecuada. Un desmontaje inadecuado puede ocasionar daños
para la salud. Se deben tener en cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes a la eliminación de
residuos.

2. En caso de que durante el trato del producto se formen sustancias peligrosas o combustibles que
deban tratarse como residuos especiales (p. ej. refrigerantes o aceites de motor con intervalos de
cambio definidos), deben tenerse en cuenta las indicaciones de seguridad del fabricante de dichas
sustancias y las normas regionales de eliminación de residuos. Tenga en cuenta también en caso
necesario las indicaciones de seguridad especiales contenidas en la documentación del producto. La
eliminación incorrecta de sustancias peligrosas o combustibles puede causar daños a la salud o
daños al medio ambiente.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 12

Safety Instructions

Nach Ende der Lebensdauer darf die Entsorgung nur über

Kundeninformation zum Batteriegesetz (BattG)

Dieses Gerät enthält eine Batterie bzw. Akkumulator. Die­se dürfen nicht mit dem Hausmüll entsorgt werden.

eine geeignete Sammelstelle oder eine Rohde & Schwarz­Kundendienststelle erfolgen.

Beachten Sie unbedingt die Hinweise zu Batterien und
Akkumulatoren in den grundlegenden Sicherheitshinwei­sen.

Safety Regulations for Batteries (according to BattG)

This equipment houses a battery or rechargeable battery that may not be disposed of as
normal household waste.

After its useful life, the battery or rechargeable battery may only be disposed of at a
suitable depot or at a Rohde & Schwarz customer service center.

Always follow the instructions on batteries and rechargeable batteries in the basic safety
instructions.

Información para el cliente relativa a la Ley de Baterías (BattG)

Este equipo contiene una batería o acumulador, que no se deben desechar en los con­tenedores de basura domésticos.

Después de la vida útil, la batería solo se podrá eliminar en un depósito apropiado o en
un centro de atención al cliente de Rohde & Schwarz.

Le rogamos que respete escrupulosamente las indicaciones referidas a baterías, acu­muladores contenidas en las instrucciones de seguridad elementales.

Consignes de sécurité pour batteries (selon la loi BattG)

Cet appareil contient des batteries (piles, batteries et accumulateurs) qui ne doivent pas
être jetées dans une poubelle pour ordures ménagères.

Une fois usagées, elles doivent être éliminées dans un centre de collecte agréé ou un
centre de service clients de Rohde & Schwarz.

Veillez à respecter scrupuleusement les consignes de sécurité fondamentales concer­nant les piles, batteries et accumulateurs.

1171.0300.41 - 03 DE/EN/ES/FR

Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal

The German Electrical and Electronic Equipment (ElektroG) Act is an implementation of
the following EC directives:

2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and

•

•

2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in
e

lectrical and electronic equipment (RoHS).

Product labeling in accordance with EN 50419

Once the lifetime of a product has ended, this product must not be disposed of
in the standard domestic refuse. Even disposal via the municipal collection
points for waste electrical and electronic equipment is not permitted.

Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG has developed a disposal concept for the
environmental-friendly

as

obligation
in accordance with the ElektroG Act.

Please contact your local service representative to dispose of the product.

a producer to take back and dispose of electrical and electronic waste

disposal or recycling of waste material and fully assumes its

1171.0200.52-01.01

Qualitätszertikat

Certied Quality System

ISO 9001

Certicate of quality
Certicat de qualité

Sehr geehrter Kunde,

Sie haben sich für den Kauf eines
Rohde & Schwarz-Produktes ent­schieden. Hiermit erhalten Sie ein
nach modernsten Fertigungsmethoden
hergestelltes Produkt. Es wurde nach
den Regeln unseres Qualitätsmanage­mentsystems entwickelt, gefertigt
und geprüft. Das Rohde & Schwarz­Qualitätsmanagementsystem ist u.a.
nach ISO 9001 und ISO 14001

zertiziert.

Der Umwelt verpflichtet

J

Energie-efziente,
RoHS-konforme Produkte

J

Kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung
nachhaltiger Umweltkonzepte

J

ISO 14001-zertiziertes
Umweltmanagementsystem

Dear Customer,

You have decided to buy a
Rohde & Schwarz product. You are
thus assured of receiving a product
that is manufactured using the most
modern methods available. This
product was developed, manufactured
and tested in compliance with our
quality management system stan­dards. The Rohde & Schwarz quality

management system is certied

according to standards such as
ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.

Environmental commitment

J

Energy-efcient products

Continuous improvement in J
environmental sustainability

J

ISO 14001-certied environmental

management system

Certied Environmental System

ISO 14001

Cher client,

Vous avez choisi d’acheter un pro­duit Rohde & Schwarz. Vous disposez
donc d’un produit fabriqué d’après les
méthodes les plus avancées. Le déve­loppement, la fabrication et les tests
respectent nos normes de gestion
qualité. Le système de gestion qualité
de Rohde & Schwarz a été homologué,
entre autres, conformément aux nor­mes ISO 9001 et ISO 14001.

Engagement écologique

J

Produits à efcience énergétique

Amélioration continue de la durabilité J
environnementale

J

Système de gestion de l’environne-

ment certié selon ISO 14001

1171.0200.11 V 04.01

CE Declaration of Conformity

Certificate No.: 2010-71

This is to certify that:

Equipment type

Stock No. Designation

NRP2 1144.1374.02 POWER METER

complies with the provisions of the Directive of the Council of the European Union on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States

- relating to electrical equipment for use within defined voltage limits
(2006/95/EC)

- relating to electromagnetic compatibility
(2004/108/EC)

Conformity is proven by compliance with the following standards:

EN 61010-1: 2001
EN 61326-1: 2006
EN 61326-2-1: 2006
EN 55011: 2007 + A2: 2007
EN 61000-3-2: 2006
EN 61000-3-3: 2008

For the assessment of electromagnetic compatibility, the limits of radio interference for Class
B equipment as well as the immunity to interference for operation in industry have been used
as a basis.

ROHDE & SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, D-81671 München

Munich, 2010-10-12 Central Quality Management GF-QZ / Radde

1144.1374.02 CE E-1

Customer Support

Technical support – where and when you need it

For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support
Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a
solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz
equipment.

Up-to-date information and upgrades

To keep your instrument up-to-date and to be informed about new application notes related to your
instrument, please send an e-mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish.
We will take care that you will get the right information.

Europe, Africa, Middle East

North America

Latin America

Asia/Pacific

China

Phone [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone 1-888-TEST-RSA (1-888-837-8772)

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone] /
[phone]

[e-mail]

1171.0200.22-06.00

R&S®NRP2

Contents

Contents

1 Putting into Operation...........................................................................7

1.1 Notes on putting into operation...................................................................................7

1.2 EMC................................................................................................................................8

1.3 Unpacking the meter.....................................................................................................8

1.4 Setting up the meter.....................................................................................................8

1.5 Front panel tour.............................................................................................................9

1.6 Rear Panel....................................................................................................................15

1.7 Connecting the instrument to the AC supply...........................................................17

1.8

Starting the R&S NRP2...............................................................................................18

2 Getting Started.....................................................................................23

2.1 Requirements..............................................................................................................23

2.2 Brief introduction to the operation............................................................................24

2.3 Preset and zeroing......................................................................................................27

2.4 Measuring average power (Cont Av mode)..............................................................29

2.5 Window handling.........................................................................................................35

2.6 Setting measurement functions................................................................................40

2.7 Graphically representing power versus time...........................................................42

2.8 Measuring average burst power (Burst Av mode)...................................................46

3 Manual Operation.................................................................................49

3.1 Keys..............................................................................................................................49

3.2 Screen layout...............................................................................................................49

3.3 Menu layout.................................................................................................................51

3.4 Menu handling.............................................................................................................53

3.5 Dialog boxes and their controls................................................................................53

3.6 Display windows.........................................................................................................57

4 Instrument Functions..........................................................................61

4.1 Main Settings...............................................................................................................61

4.2 Data acquisition and parameters...............................................................................64

4.3 Displaying measurement results...............................................................................90

4.4 Configuring measurements.......................................................................................96

3User Manual 1173.9157.02 ─ 03

R&S®NRP2

Contents

4.5 Displaying traces......................................................................................................112

4.6 Management of settings...........................................................................................139

4.7 System settings.........................................................................................................143

4.8 Messages and alarms...............................................................................................163

5 Remote Control Fundamentals.........................................................167

5.1 Differences between Remote Control and Manual Control...................................167

5.2 Connecting a Controller to the Base Unit...............................................................168

5.3 Switchover to Remote Control (REMOTE)..............................................................170

5.4 Return to Manual Operation (LOCAL).....................................................................170

5.5 Automatic Settings when Switching between Local and Remote........................170

5.6 Communication on Data Lines................................................................................171

5.7 Structure and Syntax of device-dependent Messages..........................................173

5.8 Device Model and Command Processing...............................................................180

5.9 Automatic Settings for Manual Selection of a Measurement Mode.....................182

5.10 Correspondence between Remote Control and Manual Control..........................184

6 Remote Control - Commands...........................................................191

6.1 Notation......................................................................................................................191

6.2 Common Commands to IEEE 488.2........................................................................192

6.3 Overview of SCPI Command Systems....................................................................203

6.4 High-Level Measurement Commands (CONFigure, MEASure, READ and FETCh)

....................................................................................................................................206

6.5 CALCulate (Configuration of Calculate Blocks).....................................................221

6.6 CALibration ...............................................................................................................234

6.7 DISPlay.......................................................................................................................236

6.8 FORMat......................................................................................................................246

6.9 MEMory......................................................................................................................247

6.10 OUTPut.......................................................................................................................253

6.11 SENSe (Sensor Commands)....................................................................................259

6.12 SERVice.....................................................................................................................290

6.13 STATus.......................................................................................................................292

6.14 SYSTem......................................................................................................................314

6.15 TRIGger......................................................................................................................324

6.16 UNIT............................................................................................................................331

4User Manual 1173.9157.02 ─ 03

R&S®NRP2

Contents

7 Maintenance.......................................................................................333

7.1 Sensor test.................................................................................................................333

7.2 Instrument selftest....................................................................................................333

7.3 Cleaning the exterior................................................................................................333

7.4 Storage.......................................................................................................................333

8 Error Messages and Troubleshooting.............................................335

8.1 Status and Error Messages in Manual Control......................................................335

8.2 SCPI-Specific Error Messages.................................................................................336

8.3 Bootmenu..................................................................................................................342

A Remote control interfaces.................................................................349

A.1 GPIB Bus Interface....................................................................................................349

A.2 Ethernet......................................................................................................................352

A.3 Ethernet interface......................................................................................................355

A.4 USB interface.............................................................................................................363

B Standard Configurations...................................................................365

C Programming Measurements............................................................377

C.1 Measuring with high-level commands....................................................................377

C.2 Trigger state system.................................................................................................383

C.3 Logic relationship of command systems SENSe, CALCulate and UNIT.............385

C.4 Measuring with low-level commands......................................................................385

C.5 Statistics measurements..........................................................................................395

C.6 Pulse Analysis Measurements.................................................................................397

C.7 Synchronizing Measurements.................................................................................398

C.8 Optimization of measurement speed......................................................................398

D Compatibility Information..................................................................401

List of Commands..............................................................................405

Index....................................................................................................416

5User Manual 1173.9157.02 ─ 03

R&S®NRP2

Contents

6User Manual 1173.9157.02 ─ 03

R&S®NRP2

Putting into Operation

Notes on putting into operation

1 Putting into Operation

This section describes the basic steps to be taken when setting up the R&S NRP2 for
the first time.

It contains the following topics:

unpacking

●

AC supply connection

●

switching the meter on and off

●

function testing and installing the meter

●

preset or default settings

●

front and rear views

●

1.1 Notes on putting into operation

Risk of instrument damage

Note that the general safety instructions also contain information on operating conditions
that will prevent damage to the instrument. The instrument's data sheet may contain
additional operating conditions.

Risk of instrument damage

Before putting the R&S NRP2 into operation, make sure that:

the sensor inputs are not overloaded

●

the meter’s outputs are not overloaded or wrongly connected

●

the ventilation holes are not obstructed

●

The meter may be damaged if these precautions are not observed.

7User Manual 1173.9157.02 ─ 03

R&S®NRP2

Putting into Operation

EMC

1.2 EMC

EMI impact on measurement results

To prevent EMI, the meter must always be installed to meet the relevant EMC standards.
Never operate the instrument with its enclosure removed. Only use shielded signal and
control cables that meet the relevant EMC standards.

1.3 Unpacking the meter

When you have removed the meter from its packing, check that nothing is missing using
the delivery note and the accessory lists.

If there is any damage, contact the carrier. Keep all the packing to support any claims for
compensation.

Retain the original packing material. If the instrument needs to be transported or shipped
at a later date, you can use the material to prevent control elements and connectors from
being damaged.

1.4 Setting up the meter

The R&S NRP2 is designed for use under laboratory conditions, either on a bench top or
in a rack.

1.4.1 Carrying handle

If the R&S NRP2 is not installed in a rack, it should be set up so that the viewing angle
for the display is optimal. The carrying handle can be locked in a variety of positions to
act as a stand.

To adjust the handle, pull the two side-pieces of the handle outwards so that the handle
can be rotated.

The handle locks at angles which are multiples of 60°.

8User Manual 1173.9157.02 ─ 03

R&S®NRP2

Putting into Operation

Front panel tour

1.4.2 Bench top operation

If the R&S NRP2 is operated on a bench top, the surface should be flat. The instrument
can be used in horizontal position, standing on its feet, or with the support feet on the
bottom extended.

1.4.3 Mounting the instrument in a rack

The R&S NRP2 can be installed in a rack using a variety of rack adapters (order numbers
see data sheet). The installation instructions are part of an adapter kit.

Risk of instrument damage

For rack installation, make sure that the airflow perforations are unimpeded. This helps
to prevent the instruments from being overheated.

1.5 Front panel tour

The front panel of the R&S NRP2 consists of the VGA display with the softkey area, the
connectors on the left side and the hardkeys and utility keys on the right side. The sub­sequent sections provide brief explanations on the controls and connectors, the hardkey
area and the front panel.

9User Manual 1173.9157.02 ─ 03

R&S®NRP2

Putting into Operation

Front panel tour

Fig. 1-1: Front panel view

1 = POWER REF connector
2 = Display
3 = Softkeys
4 = Hardkeys
5 = Cursor keys
6 = On/Standby key and standby LEDs
7 = Sensor connectors

1.5.1 Display

The R&S NRP2 displays results in windows. Depending on the measurement mode,
values are displayed digitally, in a combined digital and analog mode, or graphically.

The display mode can be selected individually for each measurement, i.e. you can per­form both graphical and numerical representations simultaneously.

10User Manual 1173.9157.02 ─ 03

R&S®NRP2

Putting into Operation

Front panel tour

Graphical display

Fig. 1-2: Trace in Pulse display in 'Trace&Statistic' mode

The meter shows the results in a measurement curve, i.e. as a function of time. This
presentation is obtained in "Trace & Statistics" mode, see chapter 4.5, "Displaying

traces", on page 112.

The window is tiled in several sections:

the status bar on top of the screen indicates information concerning the measure-

●

ment and instrument state.

the display area shows the measurement curve, including markers, result and time

●

axes information and further auxiliary values.

the control panel on the right offers functions for direct setting of the screen, or the

●

access of further subdialogs. Pressing the associated key (right next to the display)
executes the function or opens the dialog box.

the info panel underneath the graph shows auxiliary information.

●

Numerical display

Fig. 1-3: Digital and analog display

11User Manual 1173.9157.02 ─ 03

R&S®NRP2

Putting into Operation

Front panel tour

Numerical measuring windows indicate the readings digitally, or provide the values in
form of an analog meter. A maximum of four windows can displayed on the screen, while
their size is determined by the number of windows. The R&S NRP2 indicates either all
windows simultaneously, or individually expanded.

For detailed information concerning the screen layout see chapter 3.2, "Screen layout",
on page 49.

1.5.2 Keys

The keys on the front panel of the meter are used to manually operate the instrument.
Grouped by soft- and hardkeys, each group represents specific functions.

Softkeys Hardkeys, Cursor keys and On/Standby key

1.5.2.1 Softkeys

The six softkeys are rocker switches - in other words, they can be “rocked” backwards
and forwards by pressing on the right or left side of the key. The softkey function is con­text-sensitive and is indicated by screen labeling.

For more information on the softkeys see also chapter 2.2, "Brief introduction to the

operation", on page 24, chapter 3.5, "Dialog boxes and their controls", on page 53

and chapter 3.4, "Menu handling", on page 53.

1.5.2.2 Hardkeys

Hardkeys cause the R&S NRP2 to return to a definite instrument state, provide access
to the main settings and activate functions. Hardkeys are always available for use.

For further information on using the hardkeys see also chapter 2.2, "Brief introduction to

the operation", on page 24, and especially on the setup keys (PRE)SET, FREQ and

ZERO see chapter 4.1, "Main Settings", on page 61.

↵ MENU

● as the "↵" key (i.e. Enter key), it is used to confirm entries in text fields and dialog

boxes and to confirm selections in the drop-down lists.
as the MENU key, it is used to fold out and fold back the menus next to the softkeys.

●

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Putting into Operation

Front panel tour

The function of the key is determined according to context – in other words, the
ENTER or MENU function is always selected automatically for the operator by the instru­ment.

DEL / 1 TRIG

the DEL key is used to delete numbers or text in a field so that a completely new entry

●

can be made.
as the 1 TRIG key, it enables and triggers single-shot measurements in the trace

●

mode.

The function of the key is selected automatically according to context.

ESC / LOCAL

this key is used as an ESC key to escape from the entry mode in text boxes and drop-

●

down lists. It is also used to close dialog boxes and menus without losing any entries
that have been made, see chapter 3.2, "Screen layout", on page 49.

● as the LOCAL key, it is used to switch the R&S NRP2 from remote control mode (all

controls disabled) to manual mode.

The key is automatically assigned its function according to context - in other words, there
is no manual assignment by the operator.

MODE

MODE opens the "Mode" dialog box to select and configure the measurement mode.

See also chapter 4.2.1.1, "Mode dialog box", on page 64.

(PRE)SET

The (PRE)SET hardkey sets the R&S NRP2 to its default setting. Default settings are
sensor specific.

The function can also be started with the "Preset" softkey in the file menu, see chap-

ter 4.6.1, "Default setting", on page 139.

FREQ

FREQ sets the carrier frequency of the applied signal to obtain the specific measurement
uncertainty.

Find more information on the frequency dialog box in the operating manual, chapter 4.1.2,

"Frequency hardkey", on page 62.

ZERO

This function starts the autozero function, see also chapter 4.1.3, "Zero hardkey",
on page 63.

1.5.2.3 Cursor keys

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Putting into Operation

Front panel tour

The cursor-key functions are context-sensitive. They are used to:

select a menu

●

select the active window

●

move the cursor in text boxes

●

change the value of an entry in a text box

●

select an element from a drop-down list

●

Except of moving the cursor, the above mentioned functions can also be activated using
softkeys.

1.5.3 On/Standby key and standby LEDs

The standby LEDS and the ON/STANDBY key are located in the bottom right corner of
the front panel. The ON/STANDBY key toggles the R&S NRP2 between standby and
ready state, indicated by the standby LEDs.

The standby LEDs indicate the current instrument state:

Yellow LED (AC supply)

●

The yellow LED indicates that the R&S NRP2 is power supplied and in standby mode.

Green LED (ON)

●

The green LED indicates when the meter on, i.e. ready for operation.

The possible operating states are:

The meter is off and disconnected from the AC supply.

The meter is on standby. The AC supply is connected and the power supply is operating
correctly.

The meter is on and is being powered from the AC supply.

1.5.4 Connectors

To the left of the display, the R&S NRP2 provides a power reference signal connector
and two sensor connectors.

If option R&S NRP-B5 is installed, the R&S NRP2 offers two sensor ports at the rear.
Thus, you can perform measurements with a maximum of 4 connected sensors simul­taneously.

POWER REF

The POWER REF connector (option NRP-B1, sensor check source) provides a high­precision, unmodulated sine signal with a power of 1 mW and a frequency of 50 MHz for
checking the sensors.

Chapter " Sensor Check Source" describes how the generator is turned on and off.

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Rear Panel

Sensor connectors

The front panel accommodates a maximum of two sensor connectors (for sen­sors A and B).

The power sensors are connected by inserting the male connector.

Note: You can not disconnect the sensor simply by pulling at the cable or the rear part
of the connector. To disconnect pull the connector at its sleeve, which is marked with a
red dot.

1.6 Rear Panel

This section gives an overview of the control elements and the connectors on the rear
panel of the R&S NRP2. Each element and connector is briefly described and a reference
is given to the chapters containing detailed information.

Fig. 1-4: Rear panel view

1 = TRIG IN / OUT2 and OUT1 / TRIG OUT connectors
2 = ETHERNET interface
3 = USB interface
4 = IEC 625/IEEE 488 interface
5 = AC supply and power switch
6 = Sensor connectors (option R&S NRP-B5)

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Rear Panel

TRIG IN / OUT2 and OUT1 / TRIG OUT

The BNC connector OUT1 / TRIG OUT outputs an analog signal with a voltage between
0 V and 3.3 V. It can be used to output a voltage that is proportional to the measured
value (e.g. for level regulation) or a digital signal for threshold monitoring.

If configured as trigger output, the trigger signal of a power sensor can be supplied. In
this case, the power sensor must be set as trigger master.

The BNC connector TRIG IN / OUT2 can be used either as an external trigger input or
as a second analog output.

The inputs/outputs are configured in the "System" menu, see chapter 4.7.2, "Setting the

analog outputs and the trigger input", on page 149.

ETHERNET

The Ethernet connector is an RJ45 socket for remote controlling the R&S NRP2 via a
network.

USB

USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface of type B. This connector is used for remote control
of the instrument (see chapter 5.2, "Connecting a Controller to the Base Unit",
on page 168) and to update the firmware of the instrument by means of PC downloads
(for more information, see the service manual, chapter 4).

IEC 625/IEEE 488

The IEC/IEEE bus connector to IEEE488 is used to remote control the R&S NRP2.

AC supply and power switch

For detailed information on the AC supply, see chapter 1.7, "Connecting the instrument

to the AC supply", on page 17 .

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Putting into Operation

Connecting the instrument to the AC supply

Sensor connectors

Optional sensor connectors C and D (option R&S NRP-B5) can be installed at the rear
panel. Alternatively, sensor connectors A and B can be retrofitted from front to rear panel
(option R&S NRP-B6).

1.7 Connecting the instrument to the AC supply

The AC supply and power switch are at the rear of the unit.

When the R&S NRP2 is connected to the AC supply, it automatically sets itself to the
correct range for the applied voltage (range: see type label). There is no need to set the
voltage manually.

The power switch can be set to two positions:

0:

●

The instrument is disconnected from the mains.

I

●

The instrument is power-supplied. It is either ready for operation (STANDBY) or in
operating mode, depending on the color of the Status LED on the front panel.

Fig. 1-5: AC supply connector at the rear of the meter

► Connect the instrument to the AC power source using the AC power cable delivered

with the instrument.
Note: The instrument is in compliance with safety class EN61010-1. Connect the
instrument only to a socket with earthing contact.

AC supply voltage

The R&S NRP2 can be operated from AC lines with a voltage range of 100 V to 240 V
and a frequency range of 50 Hz to 60 Hz. Note that a restricted voltage range
(100 V to 120 V) applies to 400 Hz networks.

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Putting into Operation

Starting the R&S NRP2

1.8

1.8.1 Switching on

Starting the R&S NRP2

1. To turn the power on, press the main power switch at the rear to position I (On).

Fig. 1-6: Power switch

After power-up, the instrument is in standby or ready state, depending on the state
of the ON/STANDBY key at the front panel of the instrument when the instrument
was switched off for the last time.

2. Press the ON/STANDBY key to switch the instrument from the standby to ready state.

Fig. 1-7: ON / Standby key

green and yellow = ready for operation
yellow = standby, AC supply is connected and power supply is operating correctly
off = off and disconnected from the AC supply

1.8.2 Startup

► Press the ON/STANDBY key to switch to ready state.

The R&S NRP2 initiates its startup procedure, i.e. it boots the operating system,
automatically performs a selftest and starts the instrument firmware. If the previous
session was terminated regularly, the instrument uses the last setup with the relevant
instrument settings.

Use the (PRE)SET key to return the instrument to its definite reset/preset state, if the
current setup is no longer relevant.

To customize the start settings use the "File" dialog box, see chapter 4.6, "Management

of settings", on page 139.

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R&S®NRP2

Putting into Operation

Starting the R&S NRP2

1.8.2.1 Start screen

Immediately after turning on the start screen appears, and the R&S NRP2 provides short-
term access to the boot menu and the firmware update menu.

The bootmenu provides service and system functions, e.g. resetting the internal memory,
see chapter 8.3, "Bootmenu", on page 342

For further information on the firmware update see firmware release notes on the R&S
website available for download: http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/NRP2.html.

1.8.2.2

Fig. 1-8: Start screen with access to Firmware Update and Bootmenu

Function check

After switch-on, the R&S NRP2 performs a function test. The contents of all non-volatile
memories, the RAM and the addressability of the interfaces are checked. Messages
indicate the options the instrument is equipped with.

The R&S NRP2 checks the following functions:

Function test on the RAM

●

Function test on the keyboard controller

●

Addressability check on the keypad

●

Addressability check on the test generator.

●

This test is performed if the instrument is equipped with option R&S NRP2-B1, sensor
check source.

Addressability check of the sensor channels

●

Depending on the number of installed sensors, the displayed icon varies:

Fig. 1-9: Connected sensors (symbols)

– One of the sensor boxes shown on the left bottom of the icon, represents a sensor

connected at channel A, i.e. the instrument is single channel.

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Starting the R&S

NRP2

– Two sensor boxes indicate that channels A and B are connected, fitted at the

front panel (requires option R&S NRP2-B2, the second measurement input).

– Accordingly, one or two sensor boxes shown on top indicate that channels A and

B are fitted at the rear panel with option R&S NRP2-B6, sensor connectors A (B).

– Four sensor boxes indicate that the meter supports channels A to D, option

R&S NRP2-B5, 3rd and 4th measurement input.

Addressability check on the USB interface

●

Addressability check of the Ethernet interface

●

The instrument performs a test on the Ethernet interface, and displays the transmis­sion rate, e.g.

. When finished, the instrument displays the result under the net-

work icon, i.e. "OK" indicates that the interface can be addressed.
If the R&S NRP2 is not connected to a network hub or if a connection cannot be
established during booting, the message (Not Connected) is displayed instead
of "OK". It is however possible to establish a network connection later on at any time.

Results display of the function test

The R&S NRP2 shows the progress of the tests in a colored (orange) progress bar. The
tests are completed when the bar has reached the end of the screen and all symbols are
shown. The instrument indicates the result of each test underneath the respective symbol.

Fig. 1-10: R&S NRP2 welcome screen with function test results and progress bar

Mem = function test on the RAM
PCI = function test on the keyboard controller
Keys = addressability check on the keypad

∿ ⊙

(instrument icon) = addressability check on the interfaces for the sensor channels
USB = addressability check on the USB interface
Net = addressability check of the ethernet interface

= addressability check on the test generator

Successful tests are confirmed with ("OK", orange colored), and recognized mal­functions with ("Failed", red colored).

Some tests respond with further information, messages or actions:

If any interface error occurred, the boot process stops after completion of all tests. It

●

may be continued by pressing the ESC hardkey.

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Starting the R&S NRP2

During the test of the network connection, additional information is provided, as

●

described in chapter 1.8.2.2, "Function check", on page 19.

If an error is detected when the non-volatile memory containing instrument settings

●

is checked, an error message is displayed when booting is completed.

The non-volatile memory is then re-initialized completely and the R&S NRP2 goes
into the preset state. All instrument settings that have been saved are lost as a result
of this procedure.

1.8.3 Shutting down the meter

Whenever the meter is switched off, its settings are saved. The next time it is switched
on, these settings are automatically restored.

► Press the ON/STANDBY key to save the current setup, shut down the operating

system and set the instrument to standby state.

Fig. 1-11: ON / Standby key

Switching off the AC power

You can leave the AC power on permanently to preserve your last instrument settings.
Switching off is required only if the instrument must be completely disconnected from all
power supplies.

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Starting the R&S NRP2

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R&S®NRP2

Getting Started

Requirements

2 Getting Started

This chapter introduces the main functions and settings of the R&S NRP2, by means of
some basic power measurement examples.

Included topics:

● Brief introduction to the operation, on page 24 provides a quick introduction on how

to operate the instrument.

● Preset and zeroing, on page 27 explains how to set the R&S NRP2 and the R&S

Power Sensors to defined initial states.

● Measuring average power (Cont Av mode), on page 29 introduces standard power

measurement with the R&S NRP2.

● Window handling, on page 35 and Setting measurement functions, on page 40

explains the basic techniques for configuring result windows.

● Graphically representing power versus time, on page 42 represents graphically the

time characteristics in "Trace & Statistics" mode.

● Measuring average burst power (Burst Av mode), on page 46. enables you to per-

form a measurement of burst power without external triggering.

Some of the sections later on in this chapter assume familiarity with the basic operating
techniques which are introduced in the first sections. It is, therefore, advisable to go
through these sections first before considering other topics.

An in-depth description of the operation of the instrument is described in chapter 3,

"Manual Operation", on page 49.

2.1 Requirements

● Read the notes on putting the meter into operation in chapter 1.1, "Notes on putting

into operation", on page 7.

● A single-channel R&S NRP2 is sufficient for most of the examples used in the sequel.

However, if you want to work through all the steps in chapter 2.6, "Setting measure-

ment functions", on page 40 you will need a dual-channel instrument.

● Any sensor of the R&S NRP-Zx series is suitable.

A signal source is required for the following measurements. It is best to use a signal

●

generator whose level can be adjusted. If a generator of this type is not available, the
R&S NRP2’s integral power reference (option R&S NRP-B1) can be used instead.

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R&S®NRP2

Getting Started

Brief introduction to the operation

Recommended first steps

Before you set up a new measurement, we recommend that you preset the R&S NRP2.
Thus, the instrument is in a defined initial state. This prevents any previous settings from
causing incorrect results. In addition, a zero calibration of the sensors is required. Follow
the steps in chapter 2.3, "Preset and zeroing", on page 27.

2.2 Brief introduction to the operation

The R&S NRP2 can be operated intuitively via the hardkeys and the interactive display
with the associated softkeys. All menus and dialog boxes are in the form of windows that
can be operated in the same way. The hardkeys and softkeys allow direct and therefore
convenient access to entries and settings.

The clear-cut display shows the power measurement results of up to 4 power measure­ments simultaneously. Results can be displayed digitally or graphically, either by an ana­log meter or, depending on the measurement mode, in a trace diagram.

This section briefly describes the concept of manual operation of the power meter in order
to perform the test examples with the instrument, described later on in this chapter.

For a detailed description on the controls, the screen layout and how to operate the
R&S NRP2, refer to chapter 3, "Manual Operation", on page 49.

Using the hardkeys

hardkeys are always available for use.

●

according to its label, a hardkey directly activates a function.

●

● if two functions are provided in one hardkey, e.g. "↵ Menu", the context determines

the currently active function. The respective function is selected automatically by the
instrument.
See chapter 1.5.2.2, "Hardkeys", on page 12 for information concerning assignment
and the respective functional description of the hardkeys.

A highlighted menu item corresponding to one of the hardkeys, indicates that the function
can be started either by the softkey or the associated hardkey, as shown in the example
with "Preset".

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R&S®NRP2

Getting Started

Brief introduction to the operation

Using the softkeys

To quickly allocate the softkey to a menu item, all the menus open directly next to the
softkey bar, i.e. on the right side of the display.

The six softkeys perform the functions that are indicated in the active menu or dialog box.
Located at the right edge of the display, the functions in a line are assigned to the cor­responding softkey.

As a special feature, sometimes two or more functions are assigned to one softkey. In
this case the softkey operated as a rocker switch, see the following examples:

Two functions are associated with one softkey. In the example, the two functions are
position ("Pos.") and scale ("Scale"), "Scale" is selected

► To select function "Pos." press the left-hand side of the rocker switch.

Now setting the position with the cursor keys is possible

Several functions are associated with one softkey. In the example, the different sensor
modes are offered, "T'slot Av" is selected.

1. To select another function to the left, e.g. "Trace & Statistics", press the left side of

the softkey

,

2. or to select another function to the right, e.g. "Burst Av", press the right side of the

softkey

(in this case twice).

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Getting Started

Brief introduction to the operation

Check boxes

► To toggle between the two states of "Global" press the right side of the softkey.

Note: The left side of the softkey activates the entry of the "Global" value, see below'
'Entry fields'.

Entry fields

1. Activate the entry field using the associated softkey.

The activated entry field is marked by a yellow frame. The position in the value to be
changed is inverted.

A digit (or a letter) panel, appears on the right side of the display.

2.

Select the position to be changed using the cursor keys ⇦ ⇨.

3. To change the entry at the marked position, either

a) select the digit in the panel using the associated softkey.

or

b)

increase / decrease the value using the cursor keys ⇧ ⇩

4.

Confirm the selection with the ↵MENU hardkey or reject with ESC hardkey.

Lists

1. Select the function that is set by selecting an item in a list using the associated softkey.

The list folds out.

2.

Select the item using the softkey associated with list or the ⇧ ⇩ cursor keys.

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R&S®NRP2

Getting Started

Preset and zeroing

3.

Confirm the selection with the ↵MENU hardkey or reject with ESC hardkey.

2.3 Preset and zeroing

Preset

If the instrument is switched on, it is not the preset state that is active, but rather the
instrument state that was set before the instrument was switched on. To prevent any
previous settings from causing incorrect results, it is recommended that you set the
R&S NRP2 and the R&S Power Sensors to defined initial states.

To preset the R&S NRP2

1. Press the (PRE)SET hardkey.

The "File" menu appears.

Fig. 2-1: File menu

2. Press the (PRE)SET hardkey again or press the "Preset" softkey.

All parameters and switching states are preset, also those of inactive operating
modes. When the preset is completed, the "File" menu disappears and the meter is
in the preset state. The preset settings provide a reproducible initial basis for all other
settings.

For a detailed description of the R&S NRP2’s initial state including a list of the default
parameters, see chapter 4.1.1, "Preset hardkey", on page 61.

Zeroing

Zeroing should be performed whenever necessary. As a rule of thumb, this is the case
for measurements of power values less then a 1000 fold of the zero offset and after the
sensor has reached its operating temperature.

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R&S®NRP2

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Preset and zeroing

Turn off all test signals before zeroing. An active test signal during zeroing causes an
error.

To zero the meter

1. Connect the sensor to a signal source

2. Switch off the power

3. Press the ZERO hardkey.

The "Zero" dialog box is displayed.

Fig. 2-2: Zeroing dialog box

4. Press the ZERO hardkey again to perform zeroing of all connected sensor channels

("Zero (All)") or press the appropriate softkey to select a specific sensor for zeroing.

Zeroing of all connected sensors is performed.

The correction measurement takes several seconds. When completed, the
R&S NRP2 displays a message indicating success or failure of zeroing.

If zeroing fails, the most frequent cause for this error is a signal that is applied to the
sensor and prevents zeroing.

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R&S®NRP2

Getting Started

Measuring average power (Cont Av mode)

2.4 Measuring average power (Cont Av mode)

In the following example for measuring the average power the following steps are per­formed:

Setting up the measurement

●

Setting the frequency

●

Setting the unit for the measurement result

●

Setting a fixed offset correction

●

Performing a relative power measurement

●

Checking the settings with full height window

●

Selecting the display mode

●

Selecting the indication of auxiliary values

●

Setting up the measurement

To set up the measurement

1.

Put the R&S NRP2 into operation as described in chapter 1, "Putting into Opera-

tion", on page 7 and connect a sensor to connector A.

2.

Preset the R&S NRP2 and execute Zero A.
After preset, one result window indicates the result (in dBm) obtained with sensor A.

Fig. 2-3: Result window (dBm)

Setting the frequency

The R&S NRP2 must be set to the carrier frequency of the applied signal if the specified
measurement accuracy is to be reached.

To set the frequency

1.

Connect an unmodulated signal with a level between –10 dBm and +10 dBm to the
sensor.

2. Press the FREQ hardkey.

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Getting Started

Measuring average power (Cont Av mode)

The dialog box for entering the frequency appears.

Fig. 2-4: Frequency dialog box

3. Press the associated softkey to activate the entry of the frequency value.

A digit panel is displayed to insert the frequency. The panel also includes unit letters.

4. Clear the field with the DEL/1TRIG hardkey.

5. Enter the signal frequency by pressing the associated softkeys.

6. Select the unit by using the "UNIT" softkey.

Tip: Alternatively you can use the cursor keys to set a value. To get familiar with the
editor, try the following steps. In this example the overwrite mode (default mode) is
active:

●

Use the LEFT/RIGHT ⇦ ⇨ cursor keys to move the block cursor and overwrite
the digits with new values.

●

Use the UP/DOWN ⇧ ⇩, cursor keys to increase/decrease the digit value at the
cursor position.

● Move the insertion mark to the right onto the units. Use the UP/DOWN cursor
keys to change the unit.

7.

Press the ↵MENU hardkey twice to confirm your entry and exit the "Frequency" dialog
box.

Setting the unit for the measurement result

The measurement result is indicated in the result window. The unit of the measurement
result can be changed.

To set the unit of the measurement result

1. Use the topmost softkey to select the "Measurement" menu.

The menu opens. Post-processing of the measurement menu can be set in the
"Measurement" menu.

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Getting Started

Measuring average power (Cont Av mode)

Fig. 2-5: Measurement menu

2. Select the unit "W" using the associated softkey.

The result is displayed in W.

Fig. 2-6: Result window (W)

Setting a fixed offset correction

The R&S NRP2 provides an offset correction to the displayed measurement result.

To set a fixed offset correction

1. Select the "Sensor" menu.

The "Sensor" menu opens.

Fig. 2-7: Sensor menu

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Getting Started

Measuring average power (Cont Av mode)

All sensor-related settings are made in the "Sensor" menu. It determines type and
details of data acquisition.

2. Press the left side of the "Offset…" softkey.

The "Offset" dialog box opens. Offsets in dB for compensating external signal losses
or gains, for example by attenuator or amplifiers, can be set in this dialog box.

Fig. 2-8: Offset dialog box

3. Activate the entry for the global offset.
Positive values are for correcting losses and negative values for gains.

4. If you have an attenuator at hand, enter its value and connect the attenuator between
the sensor and the signal source, otherwise just enter 10 dB.

5.

Confirm the entry with ↵MENU.

6. Activate the global offset correction by pressing the right side of the associated soft­key.

Fig. 2-9: Offset dialog box / Global activated

Tip: Factors which are not, or only minimally, depending on frequency can be cor­rected in this way.

7.

Press the ↵MENU hardkey twice to exit the dialog box and the menu.

If you have connected an attenuator and entered its attenuation, the R&S NRP2 will
display about the same value as before.

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Measuring average power (Cont Av mode)

Fig. 2-10: Result window / Offset

In the note line of the result window, the Δ symbol indicates that global offset cor­rection is active.

Performing relative power measurements

The R&S NRP2 calculates and displays also the relative difference between a measured
value and a reference value. The reference value can be a measured value that has been
saved or an arbitrary value that is entered.

1. Select the "Measurement" menu.

2.

Open the "Measurement" menu with ↵MENU.

Fig. 2-11: Measurement menu

3. To activate the relative mode, press the right side of the softkey next to "Relative".

As the default setup was loaded in step 1, the value relative to 0 dBm is displayed.

Fig. 2-12: Result window / Relative

4. Press the right side of the softkey next to "Relative" again.

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Measuring average power (Cont Av mode)

"Reset" will set the current power result as new reference value. After the reset, rel­ative measurement is automatically active again.

If the power has not changed in the meantime, the indicated value is close to 0 dB.

Fig. 2-13: Result window / Reset relative

5. If an attenuator is still connected, remove it now and connect the sensor directly to
the signal source.

The displayed value should now equal the offset that has been entered.

Checking the settings with full height window

1. Select and open the "Windows" menu.

The "Windows" menu contains all the functions required for opening, closing and
configuring windows.

Fig. 2-14: Window menu / Digital

2.

Check if window 1 has been selected.

3. Press the "Expand" softkey.

Window 1 now expands to full size below the menu bar and displays all relevant
settings:

- measurement modes of contributing channels (A (ContAV))

- Trigger mode (auto)

- averaging number and mode (32 Auto)

- Offset (10 dB)

- S parameter device (none)

- duty cycle correction (none)

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Window handling

Fig. 2-15: Result window / key measurement parameters

4. To return the window to its normal size, open the "Windows" menu with the
↵MENU hardkey and press the "Arrange" softkey.

2.5 Window handling

Up to four windows can be indicated simultaneously on the R&S NRP2‘s display. Each
window can be configured for a separate measurement. The following examples show
how to handle windows.

Opening, expanding and closing windows.

1. Press the (PRE)SET hardkey twice.

Fig. 2-16: Result window

A display window indicating the result (in dBm) from sensor A appears.

2. Select the "Windows" menu with the topmost softkey or the cursor keys.

The "Window" softkey selects the window. The settings in the "Windows" menu and
in the "Measurement" menu are valid for the selected window.

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Window handling

Fig. 2-17: Windows menu

The cursor keys can, in most cases, be used to select windows instead of the soft­keys. This also applies to opened dialog boxes.

3. Select window 1.

The third softkey is now labeled "Close | Expand".

4. Press the right side of the softkey to expand the window.

The window expands to occupy the full display height and indicates all parameters
relevant to the measurement.

Fig. 2-18: Result window / Dig

5. Open the menu again.

"Arrange" now replaces "Expand". This function arranges all opened windows.

6. Press the "Arrange" key.

Window 1 returns to its previous size.

The following steps show the difference between the "Open" and "Init" functions. You first
have to change two settings of window 1.

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Window handling

Opening, creating and closing windows.

1. Activate the analog display of results "D&A".

2. Switch to the "Measurement" menu and select "Relative On".

3. Return to the "Windows" menu.

Window 1 now displays the "A Rel" function on an analog scale.

Fig. 2-19: Result window / D&A / full height

4.

Now, close window 1 with the "Close" softkey.

The "Window" menu shows that window "1" is still selected.
The labeling next to the third softkey is now "Open | Init".

5. Press the "Open" softkey.

The appearance of the window has not changed, and all window-specific settings
have been maintained.

6. Close window "1" again with "Close".

7. Open it this time with "Init"

The window again displays the measurement function A in digital format.
In contrast to "Open", where the settings remain unchanged, "Init" sets all the param­eters to their default values. "Init" only resets the window settings made in the "Win­dows" and "Measurement" menus, but it does not affect the sensor settings!

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Window handling

Fig. 2-20: Result window / initialized / full height

Display options

1. The "Dig" and "D&A" softkeys are used to select the display mode.
The standard display mode is "Dig"ital measurement result.

Fig. 2-21: Windows menu / digital display mode

2. Select the "D&A" display mode.

Window "1" now shows an analog scale and a digital reading.

Fig. 2-22: Result window / analog meter / full height

The menu now includes the new item "Analog Meter…" for setting the scale limits.

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Window handling

Fig. 2-23: Windows menu / digital and analog display mode

3. Switch back to "Dig" display mode.

Auxiliary values (Maximum, Minimum, Max, Min, …).

1. Select the "Measurement" menu.

2. Select "Function..." in this menu.

The measurement function, unit of the measurement result, sensors used and the
auxiliary values can be selected in the "Function & Unit" dialog box.

Fig. 2-24: Function & Unit dialog box

3. Open the "Auxliaries" drop-down list.

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Setting measurement functions

Fig. 2-25: Function Unit dialog box / auxiliaries

4. Select "Extremes".

5. Close the dialog box.

6. Select the "Measurement" menu and restart the search for the extreme values with
"Aux Val Reset".

The updated maximum,minimum and max-min are now displayed to the right of the
measured value.

Fig. 2-26: Result window / auxiliaries / half height

Maximum and minimum should be close to the measurement result, the max-min
value therefore slightly more than 0 dB.
If you reduce the signal power, the maximum should remain the same, whereas the
minimum value tracks the measurement result. The max-min values rises corre­spondingly. However, if the signal power is increased, the maximum value tracks the
measurement result as soon as the stored maximum is exceeded.

2.6 Setting measurement functions

An R&S NRP2 with two sensors connected is required for this section. If only one sensor
is available, you can only select the measurement function "Single".

Performing ratio measurements

1.

Connect the two sensors to connectors A and B on the R&S NRP2 and apply an
unmodulated signal with a level between –10 dBm and +10 dBm to each of the sen­sors.

2. Press the (PRE)SET key twice.

A window for each sensor is opened with (PRE)SET. The windows indicate the results
(in dBm) from sensors A and B.

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Setting measurement functions

Fig. 2-27: Result windows / sensor A and B

3. Select the "Measurement" menu and then select "Function..." for window 1 this menu.

4. Open the "Function & Unit" dialog box.

Fig. 2-28: Function & Unit dialog box / ratio

In this dialog box, you can select the function used to calculate the result in the
selected window. For example, "Ratio (A/B)" yields the quotient from the measured
power values in channels A and B.

5. Select "Ratio (A/B)" from the drop-down list for the measurement function and close
the drop-down list with ↵ MENU.

6. Now, press the "Unit" softkey.

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Graphically representing power versus time

Fig. 2-29: Function & Unit dialog box / unit

The ratio of two powers is dimensionless – this is why only "dB", "Δ%" and "1" are
available in the unit list. The symbol "Δ%" represents the difference between the
power values in W, given in % (0 % means the powers in both channels are equal).
The symbol "1" represents the quotient of the power values in W, i.e. not the log of a
ratio.

2.7

Fig. 2-30: Result windows / sensor A and B

Graphically representing power versus time

In the "Trace & Statistics" mode, power versus time can be represented graphically as
with an oscilloscope. If you wish to carry out measurements on signals with modulated
power envelope (in the Burst or Timeslot mode), initially displaying the signal in the Trace
mode is always recommended. Stable triggering by the R&S NRP2 can more easily be
accomplished in this mode.

Setting the "Trace & Statistics" mode.

1.

Connect a power sensor of the R&S NRP-Z1x, R&S NRP-Z2x or R&S NRP-Z8x family
to connector A of the R&S NRP2.

2. Apply an amplitude-modulated or pulsed signal having a modulation frequency or
pulse frequency of approx. 1 kHz. The maximum level should be between –10 dBm
and +10 dBm.
A pulse with 250μs width, a period of 1ms, and 4dBm is used in the following example.

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Graphically representing power versus time

3. Press the (PRE)SET hardkey twice.

A measurement window appears.

4. Change to the "Sensor" menu and select "Mode".

Fig. 2-31: Sensor menu

5. Switch to the "Trace & Statistics" mode.

Fig. 2-32: Trace & Statistics measurement mode

6. Close the "Mode" dialog box.

7. Close the "Sensor" menu.

The window is now in the "Trace & Statistics" display mode and shows the "Trace"
page.

Fig. 2-33: Trace representation of a pulsed signal

The info panel at the bottom of the window shows all parameters relevant for the
display.

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Graphically representing power versus time

Note: If you do not see a trace, the trigger threshold probably does not match the
signal. In this case, a highlighted appears in the info panel of the trace window.
Continue with the next step to set the trigger threshold.

Further measurement modes can be selected via the "Display" softkey.

Based upon the trace display, gates, timeslots, and markers can be added for further
analysis. Automatic pulse measurements can be carried out and a statistic analysis of
the power envelope can be performed.

Settings for reliable triggering

1. Press the "Trigger" softkey in the trace display.

The "Trigger" dialog box opens.

Fig. 2-34: Trigger dialog box, page 1

A dotted line indicates the trigger threshold in the diagram.

Fig. 2-35: Trace display / trigger threshold

2. Select the "Normal" trigger mode.

3. Select internal triggering ("Source" = "Internal")

4.

Set the positive trigger slope.

5. Set the trigger threshold in the "Level" entry field.

Tip: A in the info panel shows, that the sensor doesn’t trigger. In this case use
the DEL/1TRIG hardkey in order to manually trigger the sensor once, and set the
trigger settings accordingly.

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Graphically representing power versus time

6. Open the second page of the "Trigger" dialog box.

Fig. 2-36: Trigger dialog box / page 2

7. Set the trigger delay time. If you set a positive value, the trigger event will become
effective only after the selected period of time. The displayed trace will be shifted to
the left.
In the "Trace & Statistics" display, the physical and the delayed trigger time has been
made visible in the form of small triangles, thus allowing an interactive adaptation of
the "Delay" parameter to the signal, see chapter 3.6.2, "Special symbols",
on page 58.

8. Enter a "Dropout" value.
The dropout time prevents the trigger system from being activated by signal excur­sions prior to the trigger event targeted.

9. Scroll to the third page of the "Trigger" dialog box.

Fig. 2-37: Trigger dialog box / page 3

10. Set a "Hysteresis" value.
Setting the trigger hysteresis to a value other than 0 dB will prevent triggering from
occurring again until the measurement level has fallen below the trigger threshold by
at least this value.

11. Define a "Holdoff" time.
This parameter allows you to set the period of time during which further trigger events
(measured from the last successful triggering) should be ignored.

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Measuring average burst power (Burst Av mode)

For a detailed description of these parameters, refer to chapter 4.2.6, "Trigger settings",
on page 85.

2.8 Measuring average burst power (Burst Av mode)

An R&S NRP-Z1x, R&S NRP-Z2x(x), or R&S NRP-Z8x sensor is required for this mea­surement.

To perform a burst-average power-measurement, you need a pulsed RF signal. If you
use an R&S NRP-Z1x or R&S NRP-Z2x(x) sensor, the pulse repetition frequency of the
signal should not exceed 10 kHz.

Setting the burst mode.

1.

Connect the power sensor to connector A on the R&S NRP2 and apply a pulsed
signal with a level between –10 dBm and +10 dBm.

2. Press the (PRE)SET hardkey twice.

A measurement window is now available.

3. Change to the "Sensor" menu and select "Mode".

The "Mode" dialog box opens.

4. Select "Trace & Statistics".

5. In the trace mode check that the sensor detects a signal and reliably triggers.
For information concerning reliable triggering see chapter 2.7, "Graphically repre-

senting power versus time", on page 42.

6. Change back to the "Sensor" menu and select "Burst Av" in the "Mode" dialog box.

Fig. 2-38: Mode dialog box / Burst Av

The burst mode parameters are displayed at the bottom of the dialog box.
To exclude the pulse build-up and decay phases from the measurement, you can set
the "Excluded from Start" and "...from End" parameters accordingly.

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Getting Started

Measuring average burst power (Burst Av mode)

The parameter "Dropout" helps to reliably detect the end of modulated-signal bursts
(e.g. NADC). With unmodulated pulses as in this case, it should be set to 0.

Fig. 2-39: Burst av result window

For a detailed description of burst av power measurement, see chapter 4.2.1.3, "Meas-

uring the average power of burst signals", on page 68.

The power of burst can be measured also by means of timegates (see chapter 4.2.1.5,

"Measuring the average power in gates", on page 71 and chapter 4.5.4, "Gates display
mode", on page 119). In contrast to the burst mode which automatically detects the burst

end, the length and position of the gate over time must be exactly defined.

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Measuring average burst power (Burst Av mode)

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Manual Operation

Keys

3 Manual Operation

This chapter describes the controls, displays, etc, the screen layout and how to operate
the R&S NRP2.

3.1 Keys

Keys on the front panel of the meter are used to manually operate the instrument. There
are several groups of keys, each group having a different function.

For more information on keys...

According to their functionality, keys are described in several sections of the R&S NRP2
manual. See:

● Front panel - keys (hard-, soft- and cursor), page 12 for information on the keys

located at the front panel.

● Brief introduction to the operation - key handling, page 24, providing a brief introduc-

tion on how to operate.

● Instrument functions - Main settings FREQ, PRESET, ZERO, page 61 for informa-

tion on the setup keys FREQ, (PRE)SET and ZERO.

● Softkey - manual operation > Menu handling, page 53

● Dialog boxes and their control elements, page 53

3.2 Screen layout

The R&S NRP2 screen displays the menu bar with the menu names and at least one or
more measurement result window. The folded-out menu and the setting dialog boxes
may overlay the result windows.

Result window

Fig. 3-1: Screen layout / result window

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Screen layout

The R&S NRP2 displays results in windows. A maximum of four windows can be dis­played simultaneously on the screen. They are numbered 1 to 4. Windows have a title
bar which contains the number (fixed) and, optionally, the window name (user-definable).

Windows do not have any control elements.

Menu bar

Fig. 3-2: Screen layout / menu bar

A menu bar is always displayed at the top of the screen. It contains the menu names.
The active menu is highlighted.

Selecting the active menu

Fig. 3-3: Screen layout / selecting the active menu

Select the active menu:

► Press the right or left side of the topmost softkey one or more times. Alternatively you

can also use the cursor keys ⇦ ⇨.

Folding menus out or in

Fig. 3-4: Screen layout / measurement menu folded out

Fold out/in the active menu:

1.

Press the ↵ MENU hardkey to fold the menu out.

2.

Press the ↵ MENU hardkey again to fold the menu in.

The menu also folds out automatically if another menu is selected.

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Menu layout

To quickly allocate the associated softkey to a menu item, all the menus open directly
next to the softkey bar, i.e. on the right side of the display; against usual PC convention
with menus drop-down directly below the menu name.

Fig. 3-5: Screen layout / menus next to the rocker switches

See chapter 3.4, "Menu handling", on page 53 for more information on operating the
menu functions.

Dialog boxes

Fig. 3-6: Screen layout / dialog boxes

Dialog boxes can be opened from the menus. The dialog boxes display a group of related
parameters that can be set.

See chapter 3.5, "Dialog boxes and their controls", on page 53 for more information on
operating the dialog box functions.

3.3 Menu layout

This section describes the menu provided by the R&S NRP2. The meter displays the
menu names in the menu bar at the top of the screen. The menus are selected by the
top-most rocker switch. The following figure shows the main menus of the R&S NRP2,
which are then briefly summarized.

The menu functions are described in the operating manual, chapter 4, "Instrument Func-

tions", on page 61.

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Menu layout

Sensor menu Windows menu Measurement

menu

File menu System menu

Sensor menu

All sensor settings can be made using the "Sensor" menu. The type and details of data
acquisition can be specified with this menu.

See chapter 4.2, "Data acquisition and parameters", on page 64 for a detailed descrip­tion of the "Sensor" menu.

Windows menu

The "Windows" menu is used to configure windows and the result display in the windows.

See chapter 4.3, "Displaying measurement results", on page 90 for a detailed descrip­tion of the "Windows" menu.

Measurement menu

The details of postprocessing are summarized in the "Measurement" menu.

See chapter 4.4, "Configuring measurements", on page 96 for a detailed description of
the "Measurement" menu.

File menu

The "File" menu is used to handle the setup memories, window names and display infor­mation about errors.

See chapter 4.6, "Management of settings", on page 139 for a detailed description of the
"File" menu.

System menu

The "System" menu is used to handle general functions that are not specifically used to
perform measurements, i.e. to configure the remote interfaces and I/O sockets, to provide
information about the meter and the connected sensors, and to trigger test measure­ments.

See chapter 4.7, "System settings", on page 143 for a detailed description.

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Menu handling

3.4 Menu handling

The menus can contain up to eight menu items which are used to perform an action, open
a dialog box or set a parameter.

Perform an action

If the menu contains only one or two descriptive terms, an action is performed directly.

Use a hardkey to perform an action

If the name of the action to be performed is shown in a wide orange field, you can start
the action by pressing the hardkey of the same name, e.g. (PRE)SET in this case.

Open a dialog box

If a menu item is followed by three dots “…”, it can be used to open a dialog box to set a
variety of parameters.

Set parameters

Parameter setting options are provided in the menu. The currently selected option is
highlighted in orange. Select the option by pressing the left or right side of the associated
rocker switch.

Use of softkeys with dual assignments

Some softkeys are assigned two menu items. One is selected by pressing the left-hand
side of the rocker switch, the other, the right-hand side.

The two menu items are separated by a vertical line.

3.5 Dialog boxes and their controls

Dialog boxes contain check boxes, option fields, editing fields and drop-down lists as
control elements. They are activated using the appropriate rocker switch to their right. If
two control elements are positioned side by side, the element on the left is operated with
the left-hand side of the rocker switch and the element on the right with the right-hand
side of the rocker switch.

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Dialog boxes and their controls

3.5.1 Title bar

Dialog boxes have a title bar which displays the name of the dialog box and the ↵ symbol
which is a reminder that the dialog box can be closed with the ↵MENU hardkey.

Settings made in dialog boxes are immediately set on the R&S NRP2 - in other words
you do not need to close the dialog box to activate the settings in the box.

3.5.2 Dialog boxes with tabs

Channel-specific settings are made in a special page in a super-ordinate dialog box. In
the top row of the dialog box, there are tabs which you can use to switch between pages.

Channels which do not have a sensor connected and channels that have not been instal­led are shown in gray and cannot be selected.

3.5.3 Check boxes

Check boxes are used to activate and deactivate functions. You can toggle between the
two states by pressing the appropriate softkey.

3.5.4 Option fields

Option fields contain groups of mutually exclusive operating modes.

When you press the left-hand side of the rocker switch, the next option on the left is
selected. When you press the right-hand side of the rocker switch, the next option on the
right is selected.

In the "System I/O" dialog box, option fields are assigned to only one side of a rocker
switch. It is therefore only possible to scroll through in one direction.

3.5.5 Editing fields

Editing fields are used to enter or modify numbers and text.

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Dialog boxes and their controls

The editor is activated by pressing the appropriate rocker switch.

Editing can be performed in overwrite mode, indicated by the marked character being in
inverse video. Modifications can be made either with the ⇧ ⇩ cursor keys or numeric/digit
softkeys which are provided in a digit or letter panel when the editor is activated.

The ⇦ ⇨ cursor keys are used to select the digit to be edited.

3.5.6 Editing fields (cont.)

In the editing fields for quantities with units, the ⇦ ⇨ cursor keys can be used to select
the unit too; the ⇧ ⇩ cursor keys are used to edit it. Usually, the digit panel also contains
a unit softkey which you can use to change the unit whenever you want.

If you want to make a completely new entry, the whole field can be cleared with the DEL/
1TRIG hardkey. In the insert mode, you can enter digits and/or letters.

Any changes you make to a field can be confirmed with the ↵MENU hardkey. When this
hardkey is pressed, the new value is subjected to a validity check. If the check discovers
an error, a warning message is output.

You can quit the editor by pressing the ESC hardkey; this leaves the old values
unchanged. Any warning messages are cleared.

To set the maximum or minimum value permitted for a parameter, first move the insertion
mark to the left edge of the entry field by using the ⇦ key. Then press the ⇧ key to set
the maximum permissible value or the ⇩ key to set the minimum permissible value.

3.5.7 Editing fields of the Filter, Range and Trigger dialog boxes

The Filter, Range and Trigger dialog boxes are designed such that the result windows
are still visible.

If you edit a value in a Filter, Range and Trigger dialog box using the cursor keys ⇧ ⇩,
the new value is accepted immediately. This feature allows you to quickly assess the
effect of value change and, thus, to perform interactive adjustment of settings.

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Dialog boxes and their controls

If you enter a new value with the digit/letter panel (see below), the new value has to be
confirmed before it is accepted. The symbol ↵ appears above the editing field to indicate
that the new value is not accepted until you confirm it with the ↵MENU hardkey.

3.5.8 Drop-down lists

Drop-down lists are used to select an item from a list of predetermined values. When the
drop-down list is activated, the list “folds out” upwards or downwards.

The up/down cursor keys, or one of the rocker switches next to the list, are used to select
items from folded out pop-up menus. Confirm the selection with the ↵MENU hardkey or
reject with the ESC hardkey.

3.5.9 Digit and letter panels

Panels which are displayed when an editing field is activated (see above) are used to
enter digits, letters and units.

Entering letters with the letter panel is like entering letters on a phone keypad. "Caps" is
used to select upper case for the next letter.

To edit the Trigger Delay, you must select the unit by means of the cursor keys (see
above).

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Manual Operation

Display windows

3.6 Display windows

3.6.1 Window sizes and types

Results are displayed in the main section of the screen in windows. Windows come in
three sizes: half height, quarter height and full height. In windows, measurement results
are displayed digitally, in a combined digital and analog mode, and graphically.

See chapter 4.3, "Displaying measurement results", on page 90 for instructions on
selecting these modes.

"Dig" window, full height "Dig" window, half height

"Graph" trace window, full height "Graph" trace window, half height

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Display windows

"D&A" window, full height "D&A" window, half height

"Dig" window, quarter height "D&A" window, quarter height

You can expand all opened windows to full height by activating the "Expand" function
from the "Windows" menu. In this state, the full-height windows can be displayed con­secutively using the window "1 2 3 4" menu item. The opened windows can be reduced
to their previous sizes with the "Arrange" menu item. Otherwise, it is not possible to
change the size of the windows – the window size is determined by the number of win­dows.

3.6.2 Special symbols

Table 3-1: Special symbols

Window Auxiliary values

Window number Auxiliary value; here, max-min

Window name

Confirm with the ↵ MEN key

Display values

Frequency in the primary and Min

secondary channel No. of measurement values

Measurement function

Measurement function Mean value

Relative measurement active

Timeslot or gate measurement

Max-Min

Max

Standard deviation

Correction functions Trigger

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Display windows

Duty cycle correction ON Trigger

Offset correction ON Free-running trigger

Filter

Other

Twoport correction ON (S-param­eter)

Averaging filter Single-shot mode, measurement

Filter size with auto-filter (normal
mode) or for manual mode

Noise component with auto-filter
in "Fixed Noise" mode

Noise ratio exceeded Measurement in progress

Over limit Delayed trigger event (reference

Trigger event missing

Single-shot mode, trigger expec­ted

over

Trigger source external

Trigger on rising slope

Trigger on falling slope

Measurement stopped

Physical trigger event

Trigger threshold

time)

Table 3-2: Symbols for pulse parameters

Pulse Time Parameter Pulse Power Parameter

Pulse Width Pulse Top

Duty Cycle Trace Avg

Rise Time Trace Min

Start Time Pulse Base

Pulse Period Trace Peak

Pulse Off Time Pos. Overshoot

Fall Time Neg. Overshoot

Stop Time

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Display windows

Table 3-3: Symbols for time slot measurement

Time slot start of measurement Time slot end of measurement

Time slot length of measurement

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Instrument Functions

Main Settings

4 Instrument Functions

Chapter "Instrument functions" explains the functions of the R&S NRP2 and its options.
The associated SCPI command is specified for each parameter (where applicable). The
description starts with general instrument settings accessed by the SETUP hardkeys.
The power meter functions are then described systematically, sorted by their occurrence
in the menus.

The instrument settings include various functions, such as:

● chapter 4.1, "Main Settings", on page 61

Setting a defined basic setup using the (PRE)SET key see chapter 4.1.1, "Preset

hardkey", on page 61

● chapter 4.2, "Data acquisition and parameters", on page 64

● chapter 4.3, "Displaying measurement results", on page 90

● chapter 4.4, "Configuring measurements", on page 96

● chapter 4.5, "Displaying traces", on page 112

● chapter 4.6, "Management of settings", on page 139

● chapter 4.7, "System settings", on page 143

● chapter 4.8, "Messages and alarms", on page 163

4.1 Main Settings

The main settings for the R&S NRP2 are accessed via hardkeys.

4.1.1 Preset hardkey

(PRE)SET changes the instrument to its default state (Preset), to a predefined state for
a mobile radio standard or to a user-defined (Setup) state. A maximum of 10 states are
possible.

The highlighted background of the text indicates that the function can also be started by
pressing the (PRE)SET hardkey if the "File" menu is open.

1.

Pressing this key once opens the "File" menu. Refer to chapter 4.6, "Management of

settings", on page 139 for description of the menu's topics.

2. Pressing the key a second time loads the preset settings.

When the preset state is selected, all default parameters are set - even those for operating
modes that have not been activated. The following list gives an overview of the preset
values for the most important meter settings. Further preset values can be found in the
remote command description (*RST on page 196). Various parameters including the
following will be reset:

all channels in the Cont Av mode (continuous average power)

●

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absolute power measurement in dBm

●

one window per channel opened

●

offset: 0 dB

●

automatic filtering (normal mode)

●

(PRE)SET does not reset the following settings:

offset tables

●

address of the remote interface

●

SCPI error queue

●

selection of the beeper

●

brightness setting of the display

●

test limits for sensor test

●

SCPI command:

*RST*RST on page 196 (Default state for remote-control operation)

or

Main Settings

SYSTem:PRESet on page 321 (Default state for manual operation)

4.1.2 Frequency hardkey

FREQ is used to set the carrier frequency of the applied signal. This corrects any fre­quency-dependent effects introduced by the sensor.

If the sensor is to reach the specified measurement accuracy, the signal frequency must
be entered.

4.1.2.1 Frequency dialog box

Fig. 4-1: Frequency dialog box

A | B | C | D

Tabs for selecting the sensor.

Note: In remote-control commands, select the sensor with the suffix in command
SENSe<[1]..4>:..., i.e. choose suffix 1 for channel A, channel 2 for B, and so on.

Frequency

Field for frequency entries with the units kHz, MHz or GHz.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:FREQuency[:CW] on page 268

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4.1.3 Zero hardkey

ZERO starts the autozero function. Zeroing removes offset voltages from the analog cir­cuitry of the sensors, so that there are only low powers displayed when there is no power
applied.

Turn off all test signals before zeroing.

4.1.3.1 Zero dialog box

Fig. 4-2: Zero dialog box

The colored background of the text indicates that the function can also be started by
pressing the ZERO hardkey (again).

Zero All

Zeroes all connected sensors.

SCPI command:
CALibration:ALL:ZERO:AUTO on page 235

Zero A | B | C | D

Zeroes the selected channel.

SCPI command:
CALibration<[1]..4>:ZERO:AUTO on page 235

4.1.3.2 Zeroing failure

If the power measured during zeroing is too large, the R&S NRP2 reports an error.

Fig. 4-3: Zeroing error message

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This error is often caused by zeroing without switching off the test signal. If this is not the
cause, the sensor might have a hardware defect.

4.2 Data acquisition and parameters

Depending on the options that have been installed, up to four sensors can be connected
to the R&S NRP2. The sensors perform the complete power measurement from the
acquisition of the RF signal to every aspect of result processing. All important parameters
for configuring data acquisition are therefore entered in the "Sensor" menu. The sensor
menu provides access to all parameters concerning sensor settings like measuring mode,
filter, offset, gamma correction, level range and trigger settings.

The Sensor menu contains the following items:

● Setting the measurement mode, on page 64

● Offset correction, on page 76 and Filter/averaging, on page 79

● Measurement ranges, on page 82

● Effect of the RF source, on page 84

● Trigger settings, on page 85

● Trigger sequence control, on page 89

Some of the parameters listed above are not available for certain types of sensor.

4.2.1 Setting the measurement mode

The measurement mode is selected and configured in the "Mode" dialog box.

Regarding power measurement modes, find some background information to the follow­ing topics at the end of this section (see chapter 4.2.1.7, "Background information on

power measurement", on page 72):

● "Acquisition interval" on page 72.

● "Dropout tolerance" on page 74

● "Smoothing modulated signals" on page 74

● "Timing diagram of burst signals" on page 74

● "Timing diagram of T'Slot Av signals" on page 75

4.2.1.1 Mode dialog box

► Select "Mode..." in the "Sensor" menu.

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Fig. 4-4: Mode dialog box

In addition to the "Cont Av" mode (continuous average-power measurements) available
for all sensors, further measurement modes can be used for most of the sensor types.

A | B | C | D

Tabs for selecting the sensor.

Note: In remote-control commands, select the sensor with the suffix in command
SENSe<[1]..4>:..., i.e. choose suffix 1 for channel A, channel 2 for B, and so on.

ContAv, Trace & …

Measurement modes:

"Cont Av"

In the Continuous Average mode, the average signal power is contin­uously measured without the acquisition interval and signal being in
sync. (see chapter 4.2.1.2, "Continuous average-power measure-

ments", on page 66).

"Trace&Statis­tics"

In the Trace & Statistics mode, the R&S NRP2 analyzes the power
envelope of the test signal and displays the power envelope either as
a function of time or in its probability distribution and probability density
distribution function (see chapter 4.2.1.6, "Trace & statistics measure-

ments", on page 72).

"T'slot Av"

In the Timeslot Average mode, the average power can be measured
over defined time intervals of a signal with periodic envelope.
The timeslot mode should be used preferably for signals with an equally
spaced timeslot structure (see chapter 4.2.1.4, "Measuring the average

power of TDMA signals", on page 69).

"T 'gate Av"

In the Timegate Average mode, the average power can be measured
over defined time intervals of a signal with periodic envelope.
The timegate mode provides four user-configurable gates for the mea­surement (see chapter 4.2.1.5, "Measuring the average power in

gates", on page 71 ).

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"Burst Av"

The Burst Average mode is used to measure the average burst power
of pulsed signals. The acquisition interval is automatically derived from
the signal (see chapter 4.2.1.3, "Measuring the average power of burst

signals", on page 68).

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:FUNCtion[:ON] on page 268

4.2.1.2 Continuous average-power measurements

The "Cont Av" mode is the preferred measurement method if the measurement is not to
be, or cannot be, synchronized with a specific signal event.

This is the only available measurement mode for thermal power sensors because they
are too slow for the other measurement modes.

► Select "Cont Av" in the "Mode..." dialog box opened via the "Sensor" menu.

Fig. 4-5: Mode dialog box / Cont Av

Aperture

Defines the aperture time (size of the acquisition interval). In the manual operating mode,
the sensor-specific default setting combined with active smoothing (see below) is usually
adequate. Another value, generally larger, is helpful if the result exhibits fluctuations due
to modulation. In particular with very low frequency modulation, we recommend that you
adjust the aperture time exactly to the modulation period, in order to obtain stable read­ings:

Smoothing

Off N x ( modulation period / 2)

On

Optimal aperture time

N x ( modulation period * 2)

N = 1, 2, 3, …

I.e. the minimum theoretical measurement time can only be obtained with smoothing
turned off.

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The more modulation periods fit into an acquisition interval, the less critical it is whether
N is an integer or not. With smoothing on, about five periods are enough to reduce fluc­tuations caused by modulation to an acceptable level - if N is not an integer. With more
than nine periods, the fluctuations are imperceptible. With smoothing off, the situation is
much less favorable as instead of just five periods as many as 300 are required; the
fluctuations only completely disappear with more than 3000 periods.

It is not useful to select the aperture time longer than required, since it increases the noise
component of the power sensor (chapter 4.2.1.7, "Background information on power

measurement", on page 72).

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer][:AVG]:APERture on page 270

Sampling rate

Sets the sampling rate. With the multipath power sensors R&S NRP­Z11/21/22/23/24/28/31/32, the sampling rate can be set to two different values to prevent
aliasing effects for particular types of modulation signal. Aliasing can occur because the
sampling frequency is located within the video bandwidth, which means that spectral
components near the sampling frequency can cause beating effects. With changing the
sampling rate, the beating effects usually disappear.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:SAMPling on page 277

Duty Cycle

Using the duty cycle correction, the average power of RF bursts is calculated from the
average power of the whole signal. Essentially, the average power of the whole signal is
divided by the set duty cycle.

If thermal power sensors or R&S NRP-Z91/98 multipath power sensors are used, this
procedure is the only way to determine the power of pulsed signals.

If multipath power sensors R&S NRP-Z11/21/22/23/24/28/31/32 are used, this method
must be employed if the bursts are so short that their power cannot be measured in the
"Burst Av" or "Timegate Av" modes.

SCPI command:

[SENSe<[1]..4>]:CORRection:DCYCle:STATe on page 266
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:CORRection:DCYCle[:INPut][:MAGNitude] on page 266

Smoothing of modulated signals

To reduce result fluctuations caused by modulation, this parameter should always be
activated if the aperture time cannot be exactly adjusted to the modulation period. If the
aperture time is only 5 to 9 times larger than a modulation period, the display fluctuations
are sufficiently reduced. With smoothing off, 300 to 3000 periods would be required to
obtain the same effect ("Aperture" on page 66).

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer][:AVG]:SMOothing:STATe on page 271

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4.2.1.3 Measuring the average power of burst signals

The "Burst Av" mode is the simplest way of measuring the average burst power. It is
available with the multipath power sensors (R&S NRP-Z11/21/22/23/24/28/31/32) and
the R&S NRP-Z8x wideband power sensors.

When this mode is selected, the sensor itself detects the start and end of the burst; no
external trigger signal is required. The parameter "Dropout" for detecting the falling edge
and the parameters of the trigger menu, see chapter 4.2.6, "Trigger settings",
on page 85, are different ways of providing a stable measurement. By using the param­eters "Excluded from Start" and "Excluded from End", the start and end of bursts can be
excluded from the measurement. This means that signal overshoots can be omitted from
measurements, for example.

Find some background information in sections "Dropout tolerance" on page 74 and 

"Timing diagram of burst signals" on page 74).

For the most common mobile radio standards, the required settings can directly be loaded
via the "Recall Standard" dialog box in the "File" menu see chapter 4.6.4, "Loading set-

tings for mobile radio standards", on page 141.

► Select "Burst Av" in the "Mode..." dialog box opened via the "Sensor" menu.

Fig. 4-6: Mode dialog box / Burst Av

Dropout

Defines the end of the burst. If power keeps low for at least this time, the end of the burst
is assumed. Modulation-specific power drops that are shorter than the set value are
ignored.

Note: The "Dropout" parameter must not be longer than the interval between the end of
the burst and the start of the next burst.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer]:BURSt:DTOLerance on page 272

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Excluded from Start/End

Set the time interval at the beginning or end of the burst that is excluded from the mea­surement.

SCPI command:

[SENSe<[1]..4>]:TIMing:EXCLude:STOP on page 281
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:TIMing:EXCLude:STARt on page 281

4.2.1.4 Measuring the average power of TDMA signals

The average power values of timeslots can be measured in the timeslot mode. The time
resolution is determined by the sampling rate of the sensor. This mode is available in the
multipath power sensors (R&S NRP-Z11/21/22/23/24/28/31/32) and in the R&S NRP­Z8x wideband power sensors.

This measurement mode can be used only if all timeslots of the TDMA signal are equal
in length. A period to be excluded from the measurement can be defined at the beginning
and end of each timeslot by using the "Excluded from Start/End" parameters. The
R&S NRP-Z8x wideband power sensors can additionally define an exclusion interval in
between, i.e. a "Fence". A midamble of the signal can thus be excluded from the mea­surement.

An external trigger signal or internal signal triggering is required for synchronization (see

chapter 4.2.6, "Trigger settings", on page 85).

Find some background information concerning the timeslot mode in section "Timing dia-

gram of T'Slot Av signals" on page 75).

For the most common mobile radio standards, the required settings can directly be loaded
via the "Recall Standard" dialog box in the "File" menu (see chapter 4.6.4, "Loading set-

tings for mobile radio standards", on page 141). In the "Graph" display mode, the timeslot

parameters can also be set interactively in the Timeslots display mode (chapter 4.5.7,

"Timeslot display mode", on page 129).

► Select "T'slot Av" in the "Mode..." dialog box opened via the "Sensor" menu.

Fig. 4-7: Mode dialog box / T'slot Av

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No of Timeslots

Sets the number of subsequent timeslots within a frame, i.e. a period of the signal.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer]:TSLot:COUNt on page 275

Nominal Width

Defines the timeslot length.

Example:

When measurements are performed on TDMA signals (GSM/EDGE, PDC, NADC, PHS
etc), the nominal timeslot length must be entered here, i.e. the frame length divided by
the number of timeslots.

Table 4-1: GSM signal

Frame length: 4.615 ms

No. timeslots: 8

⇒ Nominal width: 4.615 / 8 ms = 576.875 μs

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer]:TSLot:[AVG]:WIDTh on page 276

Excluded from Start/End

Defines the intervals at the start/end of the timeslot which are excluded from the mea­surement. The timesslot length is set with "Nominal Width". Measurement can thus be
restricted to the relevant part of a timeslot.

SCPI command:

[SENSe<[1]..4>]:TIMing:EXCLude:STARt on page 281
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:TIMing:EXCLude:STOP on page 281

Fence

Activates the "Fence" function.

In numeric T'slotAv mode, the "Fence" function is only available for the wideband power
sensors of the R&S NRP-Z8x series. For all other sensors, a fence can be used in the
"T'slots" display in the Trace&Statistics sensor mode.

Config Fence …

Opens the dialog box for setting start and length of the fence.

Fig. 4-8: Fence dialog box

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Start/Length of Fence ← Config Fence …

Within the measurement period, a "fence", i.e. an exclusion interval, can be set. The fence
is defined by its start time and length. The start time refers to the start of a timeslot.

SCPI command:

[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer]:TSLot[:EXCLude]:MID:OFFSet[:TIME]

on page 275
[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer]:TSLot[:EXCLude]:MID:TIME on page 275

4.2.1.5 Measuring the average power in gates

The timegate mode is used to measure the average power in arbitrarily chosen time
intervals (gates). The time resolution is determined by the sampling rate of the sensor.
Up to four different gates can be defined, although measurement can be performed only
in one of them at a time. The "T'gate Av" mode is set and configured in this dialog box.
The active gate must be selected in the dialog box "Func & Unit", see chapter 4.4.3,

"Selecting a measurement function", on page 98.

The R&S NRP-Z8x wideband power sensors can additionally define an exclusion interval
within the gate (Fence). A midamble of the signal can thus be excluded from the mea­surement.

An external trigger signal or internal signal triggering is required for synchronization, see
also chapter 4.2.6, "Trigger settings", on page 85.

► Select "T'gate Av" in the "Mode..." dialog box opened via the "Sensor" menu.

Fig. 4-9: Mode dialog box / T'gate Av

Gate

Sets the number of the gate to be configured.

Note: In remote control, the gate to be configured is determined by the TGATe suffix, see
commands for the following settings.

Start/Length of Gate

Start of the gate is referenced to the delayed trigger time, see Trigger settings > 

"Delay" on page 87.

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The end of the gate is determined by the start time and the length of the gate.

SCPI command:

[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer]:TGATe<[1]..4>:OFFSet:TIME on page 273
[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer]:TGATe<[1]..4>:TIME on page 274

Fence

Activates the "Fence" function.

In numeric T'slotAv mode, the "Fence" function is only available for the wideband power
sensors of the R&S NRP-Z8x series. For all other sensors, a fence can be used in the
"T'slots" display in the Trace&Statistics sensor mode.

Config Fence …

Opens the dialog box for setting the parameters "Start" and "Length".

Fig. 4-10: Fence dialog box

Start/Length of Fence

← Config Fence …

Within the measurement period, a "fence", i.e. an exclusion interval can be set. The fence
is defined by its start time and length. The "Start of Fence" refers to the start of the gate.

SCPI command:

[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer]:TGATe<[1]..4>[:EXCLude]:MID:OFFSet[:

TIME]  on page 272

[SENSe<[1]..4>][:POWer]:TGATe<[1]..4>[:EXCLude]:MID:TIME

on page 273

4.2.1.6 Trace & statistics measurements

The "Trace & Statistics" mode is used to display the time characteristic of the envelope
power and its statistical distribution. For further information on its configuration and oper­ation, refer to chapter 4.5, "Displaying traces", on page 112.

4.2.1.7 Background information on power measurement

This chapter provides some background information on power measurement in "Cont
Av", "T'slot Av", "T'gate Av" and "Burst Av" mode, smoothing, or what is the point of
dropout tolerance. Additionally, timing diagrams explain visually the relation between
trigger, aquisition intervals and excluded time segments in "T'gate" or "T'slot" measure­ment mode.

Acquisition interval

As the sensor amplifiers use chopping, a measurement always contains an integer mul­tiple of a pair of acquisitions which are taken with opposite polarity of the detector output

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signal. Samples at equal time intervals over each acquisition interval are taken. From the
sum of the samples partial measurement results are formed. By forming the difference
from adjacent acquisitions, an improved result is achieved, that is, the DC offset voltage
and 1/f noise of the sensor amplifiers are significantly reduced. Depending on the
selected averaging number, a multiple of these results is averaged to further reduce
noise, see chapter 4.2.3, "Filter / averaging", on page 79.

The length of the acquisition interval depends on the set measurement mode:

Table 4-2: Acquisition interval of the respective measurement modes

Mode Acquisition interval identical to ...

Cont Av aperture time (default or user-specific)

T'slot Av nominal width x number of slots

T'gate Av gate length

Burst Av burst length

After one acquisition has been completed, the output polarity of the detector output signal
is inverted. The next acquisition does not start until a sensor-specific settling time has
been passed. With the "T'slot Av", "T'gate Av" and "Burst Av" modes, where the start of
an acquisition must additionally be synchronized with the signal, the trigger period or a
multiple of it mainly determines the acquisition rate.

In "ContAv" mode, the acquisition interval can arbitrarily be set by defining the aperture
time. In most cases, the sensor-specific default value is sufficient for optimum perform­ance. It is defined by the manufacturer as to effectively suppress 1/f noise. This means,
that for a given integration time (= averaging number x 2 x aperture time), the noise
content of the measurement result is minimal with the default setting.

Depending on the sensor, the default aperture time widely varies between 20 ms (for
R&S NRP-Z11/21/22/23/24/31/32/28/98 multipath power sensors) and 10 µs (for
R&S NRP-Z81/85/86 wideband power sensors). Thermal power sensor normally use a
5 ms default aperture time (20 ms in the past). Vastly differing averaging numbers when
using different sensor types are thus quite normal.

There are two cases where the default aperture time may not be the best selection:

if measuring signals with low-frequency modulation

●

if very short measurement times are needed, e.g. with remote-controlled applications

●

With low-frequency modulation, the aperture time should match the modulation period to
optimally suppress modulation-induced variations of the measurement result, see chap-

ter 4.2.1.2, "Continuous average-power measurements", on page 66.

Since this may lead to acquisitions that vastly exceed the 10 µs default aperture time of
wideband power sensors, a noticeable increase of fluctuations in the measurement result
due to noise must be considered with these sensors. Eventually the sensor-specific lower
measurement limit cannot be reached. The same applies for "T'slot Av", "T'gate Av" and
"Burst Av" power measurements when the acquisition rate drops down below 10 kHz for
these sensors. For details refer to the data sheet.

With R&S NRP-Z11/21/22/23/24/31/32/28/98 multipath power sensors, a reduction of the
default aperture time may be essential when fast measurements - without averaging -

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are needed. Taking a 100 µs idle time of these sensors into consideration, a reduction of
the aperture time even below 500 µs will merely speed up measurements but significantly
increase noise.

Smoothing modulated signals

Continuous average-power measurements on signals with low-frequency modulation or
on pulsed signals with low repetition rates may suffer from fluctuations in the measure­ment result, which are due to the acquisition time not being matched to the modulation
(pulse) period. Although it is possible with R&S NRP-Zxx Power Sensors to set the aper-
ture time identical to a multiple integer of the period of the power envelope of the signal,
this approach fails with a varying or unknown period.

In these cases it is recommended to activate smoothing. Instead of simply summing up
the samples within the acquisition interval, the samples are individually weighted prior to
taking the mean. Samples at the beginning and at the end of the acquisition interval are
downscaled whereas the size of samples in the center of the acquisition interval is
increased (von Hann window). This way, fluctuations of the measurement result are
reduced almost independently from the degree of the aperture time being matched to the
modulation period. The only aspect that must be considered is that the aperture time has
to be set to at least two or three modulation (pulse) periods in order to reach an efficient
operation. Set aperture time accordingly, particularly if you are using R&S NRP­Z81/85/86 wideband power sensors, which feature very low default aperture times.

The noise content of the measurement result is enlarged by approximately 30 % when
smoothing is activated. To compensate for this, the averaging number should be doubled
compared to non-active smoothing. Therefore, smoothing may be not sufficient when
measuring very low powers.

Dropout tolerance

The "Dropout" parameter facilitates the identification of the burst end of modulated signals
(e.g. NADC). Without this parameter, the end of the burst might erroneously be detected
within the burst owing to the considerable modulation-specific power drops of such sig­nals. "Dropout" is set at least for the duration of modulation-dependent power drops within
the burst; thus, the end of the burst cannot be detected until the set time has elapsed
after the power has dropped below the trigger threshold. If the trigger threshold is excee­ded again during the dropout time, the process restarts from the beginning.

Timing diagram of burst signals

The timing diagram below shows the relation between the following parameters:

Trigger threshold and trigger event

●

Trigger event, exclude intervals and measurement interval

●

Although the signal frequently falls below the trigger threshold during the burst, an end
of the burst is not detected. The reason for this is that these drops are shorter than the
set dropout time.

The last falling edge in the burst is detected as the end of the burst since the trigger
threshold is no longer exceeded during the dropout time indicated below

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Dropout

Power

Trigger event

Trigger
threshold

Excluded from Start

Measurement
interval

Last falling edge
in the burst

Excluded from End

Fig. 4-11: Timing diagram of burst signals

Instrument Functions

Data acquisition and parameters

Time

Timing diagram of T'Slot Av signals

The timing diagrams that differ by externally and internally triggered events, show the
relation between the listed parameters:

Trigger event, trigger delay and start of the first timeslot

●

Nominal width, exclude intervals and measurement interval of the timeslots

●

Measurement

interval #

Trigger event

(external)

Fig. 4-12: Measurement on timeslot signal with external triggering

#1 #2 #3 #4

Excluded from End

Width

Time

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Trigger event
(internal)

Trigger

threshold
(internal)

Measurement

interval #

Fig. 4-13: Measurement on timeslot signal with internal triggering

#1 #2 #3 #4

Excluded from End

Width

Instrument Functions

Time

4.2.2 Offset correction

The "Offset" dialog box is for activating and entering dB offsets to effect an increase or
decrease in the measurement result which is not level-dependent. This way, the input
power of any attenuator, directional coupler or amplifier that is connected at the sensor
input (output) can be displayed.

"Global" is used to set and activate a fixed offset. Frequency-dependent corrections can
be made with "Table". Both types of correction can be made simultaneously.

"S Parameter Device" is for correcting the effects of a two-port connected at the sensor
input (output) in terms of its S-parameters. The S-parameters of the two-port must be
stored in the sensor. For information on how to proceed refer to the operating manual of
your R&S Power Sensor, section "Program module" > "Update S-Parameters".

With the R&S NRP-Z28/98 level control sensors, offset correction applies to the sensor's
output. Therefore dB offsets with a positive sign lead to a reduction of the measurement
result.

4.2.2.1 Offset dialog box

► Select "Offset..." in the "Sensor" menu.

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Fig. 4-14: Offset dialog box

A | B | C | D

Tabs for selecting the sensor.

Note: In remote-control commands, select the sensor with the suffix in command
SENSe<[1]..4>:..., i.e. choose suffix 1 for channel A, channel 2 for B, and so on.

Global (value)

Enters the global dB offset (dB offset).

Positive values correspond to external losses, negative values to external gains.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:CORRection:OFFSet on page 266

Global (state)

Activates/deactivates the global offset correction.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:CORRection:OFFSet:STATe on page 266

Table (name)

Opens an item list containing correction tables.

The instrument provides 10 tables with up to 80 frequency / offset pairs each. The default
labels are "Table 1" to "Table 10"; however, the names can be changed using the table
editor.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:CORRection:FDOTable[:SELect] on page 267

Table (state)

Activates/deactivates the frequency-dependent offset correction specified in the selected
table.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:CORRection:FDOTable:STATe on page 267

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Edit Table ...

Opens a dialog box for editing the selected offset correction table, see chapter 4.2.2.2,

"Table editor for offset tables", on page 78.

SCPI command:

MEMory:TABLe:FREQuency on page 251
MEMory:TABLe:GAIN[:MAGNitude] on page 251

S Parameter Device

Activates the S-parameter data set stored in the sensor for a two-port that is connected
to the sensor input (output).

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:CORRection:SPDevice:STATe on page 268

4.2.2.2 Table editor for offset tables

The R&S NRP2 provides a list editor for defining the frequency / offset value pairs.

Two table-editor modes are available:

Selection mode

●

In this mode, using the cursor keys ⇧ ⇩ ⇦ ⇨, you can select the number field you
want to "Edit", "Insert" or "Delete".
Note: A long list can not be displayed in full length in the dialog box. The entries are,
therefore, viewed in a “window” which automatically scrolls up or down, if the cursor
moves outside the visible section. The position of the currently active field is shown
by the scroll bar.

Edit mode

●

When you press the "Edit" rocker switch the value in the selected field can be edited.
In this mode, the cursor keys cannot be used for selection, but can be used “normally”
to edit values in the entry field.

► To open the table editor, select "Sensor" > "Mode" > "Offset", and then "Edit

Table..." in the "Offset" dialog box.

Fig. 4-15: Table dialog box

The table editor displays the name of the table in its title bar, a two-column list with fre­quency and offset value pairs and provides softkeys for data management.

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Edit

Activates the edit mode in the selected field.

The entry can be confirmed with the ↵MENU or aborted with the ESC/LOCAL key. After­wards, the table editor is again in the selection mode.

Insert

Inserts a new row containing the values of the selected row.

The maximum table size provides 80 rows.

Delete

Deletes the marked row

Sort

Sorts the rows in the table so that the frequencies in the rows are in ascending order.

Name

Renames the selected table to identify it more easily. Use of the character editor is
described in chapter 3.5.9, "Digit and letter panels", on page 56.

SCPI command:
MEMory:TABLe:MAP on page 252

4.2.3 Filter / averaging

The averaging filter is used to reduce fluctuations in the measurement result to the extent
wanted. Such fluctuations can be caused by inherent noise of the measuring instrument,
modulation of the measurement signal or beats from the superposition of adjacent car­riers. A more stable display has to be traded off against longer measurement times.

In manual mode, “longer measurement” does not mean that it takes longer to display a
new result, but rather that it takes longer for the result to settle when the power changes.

The filter settings of the "Trace & Statistics" mode and the other modes, which exclusively
provide average power values, differ significantly. The filter dialog box thus displays dif­ferent parameters depending on the selected display mode. Filtering in the "Trace & Sta­tistics" mode is described in chapter 4.5.3.3, "Filtering settings", on page 117.

All average power values are obtained from a three-stage averaging process. First, a
mean value is formed for the acquisition interval given in table 4-2 - either by weighted
or unweighted summation of samples.

A second measurement with reversed polarity of the detector output signal is then per­formed to suppress offset voltages and 1/f noise of the amplifier. A first result is formed
by subtracting the second measured value from the first measured value. The sequence
of two consecutive measurements is repeated N times. The average value, which is
obtained from the individual measurement results, is output. The number N is the aver­aging number ("AvgNo"). To obtain a high output data rate, averaging in manual mode
is performed continuously, i.e. a new result is fed into the averaging filter after two

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acquisitions have been evaluated. The oldest result is taken out of the averaging filter
and a new average value is calculated.

The averaging number can be selected automatically or it can be manually set to a fixed
value. As a starting point, automatic filtering should always be used. If the automatically
selected filter setting proves to be not adequate, the averaging number can be
in(de)creased manually.

Two autofilter operating modes are provided:

"Normal"

●

The "Normal" mode finds a balance between measurement time and display noise.
As an additional parameter, display resolution can be used to adjust the filter setting.
With increasing resolution, i.e. an increasing number of digits in the measurement
results, the averaging number also increases.

"Fixed Noise"

●

In the "Fixed Noise" mode, the averaging number is selected so that the sensors
intrinsic noise (2 standard deviations) does not exceed the specified "Noise Con­tent". To avoid very long settling times when the power is low, the averaging number
can be limited with the "Max Settling Time" parameter. If the display noise then
exceeds the set noise content, the symbol "S/N" is displayed.

4.2.3.1 Filter dialog box

Fig. 4-16: Filter dialog box

A | B | C | D

Tabs for selecting the sensor.

Note: In remote-control commands, select the sensor with the suffix in command
SENSe<[1]..4>:..., i.e. choose suffix 1 for channel A, channel 2 for B, and so on.

Auto

Toggles between automatic and manual filter setting.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:AVERage:COUNt:AUTO on page 262

Avg No

Sets the averaging number manually.

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This entry field always shows the current averaging number. With automatic averaging,
the displayed value is grayed out and cannot be changed manually. If manual filtering is
selected, the desired averaging number can be set. Changes are immediately imple­mented when a key is pressed.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:AVERage:COUNt on page 262

Reset

Initializes the currently measured averaging filter power value. Thus, the display can be
updated quickly after a change in level, particularly in the case of a large averaging num­ber.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:AVERage:RESet on page 264

Auto Once

Determines a “one-off” optimal averaging number based on the instantaneously mea­sured power value and enter this value in the "Avg No" field. This function is available
when autofilter is off.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:AVERage:COUNt:AUTO on page 262

Auto Config...

Opens the "Auto Filter" dialog box.

Fig. 4-17: Auto filter dialog box

A | B | C | D ← Auto Config...

Tabs for selecting the sensor.

Note: In remote-control commands, select the sensor with the suffix in command
SENSe<[1]..4>:..., i.e. choose suffix 1 for channel A, channel 2 for B, and so on.

Mode ← Auto Config...

Selects the auto filter mode.

"Normal"

"Fixed Noise"

Selects the "Normal" autofilter mode.

Selects the "Fixed Noise" autofilter mode.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:AVERage:COUNt:AUTO:TYPE on page 264

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Ref Timeslot ← Auto Config...

Specifies the timeslot from which the autofilter setting, i.e. the averaging number, is
derived for measurements in the "T'slot Av" mode. This parameter is not available in the
other measurement modes.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:AVERage:COUNt:AUTO:SLOT on page 264

Noise Content ← Auto Config...

Defines the proportion of intrinsic noise in the measured result (in dB). Specifically, this
value gives the permitted relative deviation from the mean which may not be exceeded
for 95% of the observation time.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:AVERage:COUNt:AUTO:NSRatio on page 264

Max Settling Time ← Auto Config...

Specifies an upper limit for the settling time in the "Fixed Noise" mode.

SCPI command:
[SENSe<[1]..4>]:AVERage:COUNt:AUTO:MTIMe on page 263

4.2.4 Measurement ranges

The power sensors of the R&S NRP series avoid range switching. Some of them, like the
thermal ones of the R&S NRP-Z5x series and the wideband power sensors of the R&S
NRP-Z8x series, have only one measurement range. All other sensors feature two or
three measurement ranges. These ranges are called measurement paths because they
are operated in parallel (simultaneously). With automatic range selection, measurement
paths which are neither overdriven nor underdriven are selected for evaluation. No range
switching occurs at all. Adjacent paths overlap by about 6 dB, the so-called transition
region. Therefore, the final result may be composed by the measurement results of two
paths within certain power ranges. Transition regions can be offset from the default set­tings to meet the demands of signals with high peak-to-average ratio.

4.2.4.1 Sensor range dialog box

Automatic or manual path selection can be chosen in the "Range" dialog box, accessed
via the "Sensor" menu. No function is available for power sensors that use only one
measurement range.

The "Auto" range function always selects the most suitable paths. With "User def'd tran­sition" deactivated, the default overlap regions between adjacent paths are considered.
The offset value can be modified at any time during "Auto" range operation, but it is only
considered with an activated "User def'd transition" checkbox.

Only offsets with a negative sign are allowed. This means that transition regions can only
be shifted to lower power levels. Thus, paths can be excluded from evaluation well before
they exhibit noticeable linearity errors with critical signals. Only the most insensitive path
cannot be protected by this measure.

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