Page 1
R&S®FSV/A3000 I/Q Analyzer
and I/Q Input Interfaces
User Manual
(;ÜãT2)
1178853602
User Manual
Version 01
Page 2
This manual applies to the following R&S®FSV3000 and R&S®FSVA3000 models with firmware version
1.10 and higher:
●
R&S®FSV3004 (1330.5000K04)
●
R&S®FSV3007 (1330.5000K07)
●
R&S®FSV3013 (1330.5000K13)
●
R&S®FSV3030 (1330.5000K30)
●
R&S®FSV3044 (1330.5000K43)
●
R&S®FSVA3004 (1330.5000K05)
●
R&S®FSVA3007 (1330.5000K08)
●
R&S®FSVA3013 (1330.5000K14)
●
R&S®FSVA3030 (1330.5000K31)
●
R&S®FSVA3044 (1330.5000K44)
In addition to the base unit, the following options are described:
●
R&S®FSV3-B4, OCXO (1330.3794.02)
●
R&S®FSV3-B5, Additional Interfaces (1330.3365.02/1330.3407.02)
●
R&S®FSV3-B10, external generator control (1330.3859.02)
●
R&S®FSV3-B13, high-pass filter (1313.0761.02)
●
R&S®FSV3-B24, preamplifier (1330.4049.XX)
●
R&S®FSV3-B25, electronic attenuator (1330.4078.02)
●
R&S®FSV3-B40, 40 MHz analysis bandwidth extension (1330.4103.02)
●
R&S®FSV3-B200, 200 MHz analysis bandwidth extenstion (1330.4132.02)
●
R&S®FSV3-B400, 400 MHz analysis bandwidth extenstion (1330.7154.02) / R&S®FSV3-U400
(1330.7183.02)
© 2019 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.8536.02 | Version 01 | R&S®FSV/A3000 I/Q Analyzer
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FSV/A3000 is abbreviated as R&S FSV/A3000 and refers to both
the R&S FSV3000 and the R&S FSVA3000. Products of the R&S®SMW family, e.g. R&S®SMW200A, are abbreviated as R&S SMW.
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R&S®FSV/A3000 I/Q Analyzer
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Documentation Overview............................................................................................. 5
1.2 About this Manual......................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Conventions Used in the Documentation...................................................................8
2 Welcome to the I/Q Analyzer Application............................................ 9
2.1 Starting the I/Q Analyzer Application..........................................................................9
2.2 Understanding the Display Information....................................................................10
3 Measurement and Result Displays.....................................................13
4 Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing............................... 17
4.1 Processing Analog I/Q Data from RF Input.............................................................. 17
Contents
4.2 Using Probes............................................................................................................... 21
4.3 Basics on External Generator Control...................................................................... 24
4.4 Basics on Input from I/Q Data Files...........................................................................35
4.5 IF and Video Signal Output........................................................................................ 36
4.6 Receiving and Providing Trigger Signals................................................................. 36
4.7 I/Q Data Import and Export.........................................................................................37
4.8 Basics on FFT..............................................................................................................38
5 Configuration........................................................................................45
5.1 Configuration Overview..............................................................................................45
5.2 Import/Export Functions............................................................................................ 47
5.3 Data Input and Output Settings................................................................................. 50
5.4 Amplitude.....................................................................................................................65
5.5 Frequency Settings.....................................................................................................70
5.6 Trigger Settings...........................................................................................................71
5.7 Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings................................................................77
5.8 Display Configuration.................................................................................................85
5.9 Adjusting Settings Automatically..............................................................................85
6 Analysis................................................................................................ 89
6.1 Trace Settings..............................................................................................................89
6.2 Spectrogram Settings.................................................................................................93
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6.3 Trace / Data Export Configuration.............................................................................97
6.4 Marker Usage.............................................................................................................100
7 How to Work with I/Q Data................................................................ 125
7.1 How to Perform Measurements in the I/Q Analyzer Application.......................... 125
7.2 How to Export and Import I/Q Data..........................................................................125
8 Remote Commands to Perform Measurements with I/Q Data....... 128
8.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 128
8.2 Common Suffixes......................................................................................................133
8.3 Activating I/Q Analyzer Measurements...................................................................134
8.4 Configuring I/Q Analyzer Measurements................................................................139
8.5 Configuring the Result Display................................................................................202
8.6 Capturing Data and Performing Sweeps................................................................ 210
Contents
8.7 I/Q Analysis................................................................................................................216
8.8 Retrieving Results.....................................................................................................264
8.9 Importing and Exporting I/Q Data and Results...................................................... 275
8.10 Programming Examples........................................................................................... 276
8.11 Deprecated Commands............................................................................................279
Annex.................................................................................................. 281
A Formats for Returned Values: ASCII Format and Binary Format.. 283
B Reference: Format Description for I/Q Data Files........................... 284
C I/Q Data File Format (iq-tar)...............................................................286
C.1 I/Q Parameter XML File Specification......................................................................287
C.2 I/Q Data Binary File................................................................................................... 290
List of Commands (I/Q Analyzer)......................................................292
Index....................................................................................................300
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R&S®FSV/A3000 I/Q Analyzer
1 Preface
This chapter provides safety-related information, an overview of the user documentation and the conventions used in the documentation.
1.1 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSV/A user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSV/A product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSV3000
1.1.1 Getting Started Manual
Introduces the R&S FSV/A and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
Preface
Documentation Overview
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
1.1.2 User Manuals and Help
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Firmware application manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSV/A is
not included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSV/A. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
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1.1.3 Service Manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
1.1.4 Instrument Security Procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSV/A in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
1.1.5 Basic Safety Instructions
Preface
Documentation Overview
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
1.1.6 Data Sheets and Brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSV/A. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSV3000
1.1.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSV3000
1.1.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSV3000
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1.2 About this Manual
This R&S FSV/A I/Q Analyzer User Manual provides all the information specific to the
application and processing I/Q data. All general instrument functions and settings
common to all applications are described in the main R&S FSV/A User Manual.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the I/Q Analyzer application
Introduction to and getting familiar with the application
●
Typical Applications for the I/Q Analyzer and optional input interfaces
Example measurement scenarios for I/Q data import and analysis
●
Measurements and Result Displays
Details on supported measurements and their result types
●
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition
Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the I/Q Analyzer application as well as processing I/Q data in general
●
Configuration and Analysis
A concise description of all functions and settings available to import, capture and
analyze I/Q data in the I/Q Analyzer, with or without optional interfaces, with their
corresponding remote control command
●
How to Work with I/Q Data
The basic procedure to perform an I/Q Analyzer measurement with step-by-step
instructions
●
Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement
Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the test setup
●
Remote Commands to perform Measurements with I/Q Data
Remote commands required to configure and perform I/Q Analyzer measurements
or process digital I/Q data in a remote environment, sorted by tasks;
(Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks on the
instrument are provided in the main R&S FSV/A User Manual.)
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes.
●
Annex
Reference material, e.g. I/Q file formats and a detailed description of the LVDS
connector
●
List of remote commands
Alphabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
Preface
About this Manual
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1.3 Conventions Used in the Documentation
1.3.1 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
Preface
Conventions Used in the Documentation
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
1.3.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to perform the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is described.
Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an additionally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or
the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating procedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a keyboard.
1.3.3 Notes on Screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
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R&S®FSV/A3000 I/Q Analyzer
2 Welcome to the I/Q Analyzer Application
The R&S FSV3 I/Q Analyzer is a firmware application that adds functionality to perform
I/Q data acquisition and analysis to the R&S FSV/A.
The R&S FSV3 I/Q Analyzer features:
●
Acquisition of analog I/Q data
●
Import of stored I/Q data from other applications
●
Spectrum, magnitude, I/Q vector and separate I and Q component analysis of any
I/Q data on the instrument
●
Export of I/Q data to other applications
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
All functions not discussed in this manual are the same as in the base unit and are
described in the R&S FSV/A User Manual. The latest version is available for download
at the product homepage http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSVA3000.
Welcome to the I/Q Analyzer Application
Starting the I/Q Analyzer Application
Additional information
Several application notes discussing I/Q analysis are available from the Rohde &
Schwarz website:
1EF85: Converting R&S I/Q data files
1EF92: Wideband Signal Analysis
1MA257: Wideband mm-Wave Signal Generation and Analysis
1EF84: Differential measurements with Spectrum Analyzers and Probes
Installation
The R&S FSV3 I/Q Analyzer application is part of the standard base unit and requires
no further installation.
2.1 Starting the I/Q Analyzer Application
The I/Q Analyzer is an application on the R&S FSV/A.
To activate the I/Q Analyzer application
1. Select the [MODE] key.
A dialog box opens that contains all applications currently available on your
R&S FSV/A.
2. Select the "I/Q Analyzer" item.
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The R&S FSV/A opens a new channel for the I/Q Analyzer application.
The measurement is started immediately with the default settings.
It can be configured in the I/Q Analyzer "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed
when you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu (see Chapter 5.1, "Configura-
tion Overview", on page 45).
Multiple Channels and Sequencer Function
When you activate an application, a new channel is created which determines the
measurement settings for that application (channel). The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application.
The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the available memory on the instrument.
Welcome to the I/Q Analyzer Application
Understanding the Display Information
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently defined channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
The result displays of the individual channels are updated in the tabs (as well as the
"MultiView" ) as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
symbol in the tab label.
2.2 Understanding the Display Information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during I/Q Analyzer operation. All
different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
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2 3
Welcome to the I/Q Analyzer Application
Understanding the Display Information
1
4
5
Figure 2-1: Screen elements in the I/Q Analyzer application
1 = Channel bar for firmware and measurement settings
2+3 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
4 = Diagram area with marker information
5 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on result display
6 = Instrument status bar with error messages and date/time display
6
Channel bar information
In the I/Q Analyzer application, the R&S FSV/A shows the following settings:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar for the I/Q Analyzer application
Ref Level Reference level
(m.+el.)Att (Mechanical and electronic) RF attenuation
Ref Offset Reference level offset
Freq Center frequency
Meas Time Measurement time
Rec Length Defined record length (number of samples to capture)
SRate Defined sample rate for data acquisition
RBW (Spectrum evaluation only) Resolution bandwidth calculated from the
sample rate and record length
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect
the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display
of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For details see the
R&S FSV/A Getting Started manual.
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Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
Figure 2-2: Window title bar information in the I/Q Analyzer application
1 = Window number
2 = Window type
3 = Trace color
4 = Trace number
5 = Detector
6 = Trace mode
Diagram footer information
The information in the diagram footer (beneath the diagram) depends on the evaluation:
Welcome to the I/Q Analyzer Application
Understanding the Display Information
●
Center frequency
●
Number of sweep points
●
Range per division (x-axis)
●
Span (Spectrum)
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram.
Furthermore, the progress of the current operation is displayed in the status bar.
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3 Measurement and Result Displays
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
Or: [MEAS] > "Display Config"
The I/Q Analyzer can capture I/Q data. The I/Q data that was captured by or imported
to the R&S FSV/A can then be evaluated in various different result displays. Select the
result displays using the SmartGrid functions.
Up to 6 evaluations can be displayed in the I/Q Analyzer at any time, including several
graphical diagrams, marker tables or peak lists.
For details on working with the SmartGrid see the R&S FSV/A Getting Started manual.
Measurements in the time and frequency domain
The time and frequency domain measurements and the available results are described
in detail in the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
Measurement and Result Displays
Result displays for I/Q data:
Magnitude .................................................................................................................... 13
Spectrum ......................................................................................................................13
I/Q-Vector .....................................................................................................................14
Real/Imag (I/Q) .............................................................................................................15
Marker Table ................................................................................................................ 15
Marker Peak List .......................................................................................................... 15
Magnitude
Shows the level values in time domain.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND? '1',RIGH,MAGN, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 204
Results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 269
Spectrum
Displays the frequency spectrum of the captured I/Q samples.
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND? '1',RIGH,FREQ, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 204
Results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 269
Measurement and Result Displays
I/Q-Vector
Displays the captured samples in an I/Q-plot. The samples are connected by a line.
Note: For the I/Q vector result display, the number of I/Q samples to record ( "Record
Length" ) must be identical to the number of trace points to be displayed ("Sweep
Points"; for I/Q Analyzer: 10001). For record lengths outside the valid range of sweep
points the diagram does not show valid results.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND? '1',RIGH,VECT, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 204
Results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 269
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Real/Imag (I/Q)
Displays the I and Q values in separate diagrams.
Measurement and Result Displays
Remote command:
LAY:ADD:WIND? '1',RIGH,RIM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 204
Results:
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 269
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers.
Tip: To navigate within long marker tables, simply scroll through the entries with your
finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 204
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 235
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 274
Marker Peak List
The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum or
time domain. How many peaks are displayed can be defined, as well as the sort order.
In addition, the detected peaks can be indicated in the diagram. The peak list can also
be exported to a file for analysis in an external application.
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R&S®FSV/A3000 I/Q Analyzer
Tip: To navigate within long marker peak lists, simply scroll through the entries with
your finger on the touchscreen.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PEAK, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 204
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 235
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y on page 274
Measurement and Result Displays
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R&S®FSV/A3000 I/Q Analyzer
4 Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Pro-
cessing
Some background knowledge on basic terms and principles used when describing I/Q
data acquisition on the R&S FSV/A in general, and in the I/Q Analyzer application in
particular, is provided here for a better understanding of the required configuration settings.
The I/Q Analyzer provides various possibilities to acquire the I/Q data to be analyzed:
●
Capturing analog I/Q data from the "RF Input" connector
●
Importing I/Q data from a file
Background information for all these scenarios and more is provided in the following
sections.
● Processing Analog I/Q Data from RF Input.............................................................17
● Using Probes...........................................................................................................21
● Basics on External Generator Control.....................................................................24
● Basics on Input from I/Q Data Files........................................................................ 35
● IF and Video Signal Output.....................................................................................36
● Receiving and Providing Trigger Signals................................................................ 36
● I/Q Data Import and Export..................................................................................... 37
● Basics on FFT.........................................................................................................38
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Processing Analog I/Q Data from RF Input
4.1 Processing Analog I/Q Data from RF Input
Complex baseband data
In the telephone systems of the past, baseband data was transmitted unchanged as an
analog signal. In modern phone systems and in radio communication, however, the
baseband data is modulated on a carrier frequency, which is then transmitted. The
receiver must demodulate the data based on the carrier frequency. When using modern modulation methods (e.g. QPSK, QAM etc.), the baseband signal becomes complex. Complex data (or: I/Q data) consists of an imaginary (I) and a real (Q) component.
Sweep vs sampling
The standard Spectrum application on the R&S FSV/A performs frequency sweeps on
the input signal and measurements in the frequency and time domain. Other applications on the R&S FSV/A, such as the I/Q Analyzer, sample and process the individual I
and Q components of the complex signal.
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I/Q Analyzer - processing complex data from RF input
The I/Q Analyzer is a standard application used to capture and analyze I/Q data on the
R&S FSV/A. By default, it assumes the I/Q data is modulated on a carrier frequency
and input via the "RF Input" connector on the R&S FSV/A.
The A/D converter samples the IF signal at a rate of 200 MHz. The digital signal is
down-converted to the complex baseband, lowpass-filtered, and the sample rate is
reduced. The analog filter stages in the analyzer cause a frequency response which
adds to the modulation errors. An equalizer filter before the resampler compensates
for this frequency response. The continuously adjustable sample rates are realized
using an optimal decimation filter and subsequent resampling on the set sample rate.
A dedicated memory (capture buffer) is available in the R&S FSV/A for a maximum of
400 Msamples (400*1000*1000) of complex samples (pairs of I and Q data). The number of complex samples to be captured can be defined (for restrictions refer to Chap-
ter 4.1.1, "Sample Rate and Maximum Usable I/Q Bandwidth for RF Input",
on page 18).
The block diagram in Figure 4-1 shows the analyzer hardware from the IF section to
the processor.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Processing Analog I/Q Data from RF Input
Figure 4-1: Block diagram illustrating the R&S FSV/A signal processing for analog I/Q data (without
bandwidth extension options)
4.1.1 Sample Rate and Maximum Usable I/Q Bandwidth for RF Input
Definitions
●
Input sample rate (ISR): the sample rate of the useful data provided by the device
connected to the input of the R&S FSV/A
●
(User, Output) Sample rate (SR): the user-defined sample rate (e.g. in the "Data
Acquisition" dialog box in the "I/Q Analyzer" application) which is used as the basis
for analysis or output
●
Usable I/Q (Analysis) bandwidth: the bandwidth range in which the signal
remains undistorted in regard to amplitude characteristic and group delay; this
range can be used for accurate analysis by the R&S FSV/A
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R&S®FSV/A3000 I/Q Analyzer
●
Record length: Number of I/Q samples to capture during the specified measurement time; calculated as the measurement time multiplied by the sample rate
For the I/Q data acquisition, digital decimation filters are used internally in the
R&S FSV/A. The passband of these digital filters determines the maximum usable I/Q
bandwidth. In consequence, signals within the usable I/Q bandwidth (passband)
remain unchanged, while signals outside the usable I/Q bandwidth (passband) are
suppressed. Usually, the suppressed signals are noise, artifacts, and the second IF
side band. If frequencies of interest to you are also suppressed, try to increase the output sample rate, which increases the maximum usable I/Q bandwidth.
Bandwidth extension options
You can extend the maximum usable I/Q bandwidth provided by the R&S FSV/A in the
basic installation by adding options. These options can either be included in the initial
installation (B-options) or updated later (U-options). The maximum bandwidth provided
by the individual option is indicated by its number, for example, B40 extends the bandwidth to 40 MHz.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Processing Analog I/Q Data from RF Input
As a rule, the usable I/Q bandwidth is proportional to the output sample rate. Yet, when
the I/Q bandwidth reaches the bandwidth of the analog IF filter (at very high output
sample rates), the curve breaks.
● Bandwidth Extension Options................................................................................. 19
● Relationship Between Sample Rate, Record Length and Usable I/Q Bandwidth... 19
● R&S FSV/A Without Additional Bandwidth Extension Options............................... 20
● R&S FSV/A with I/Q Bandwidth Extension Option B40 or U40...............................20
● R&S FSV/A with I/Q Bandwidth Extension Option B200 or U200...........................21
● R&S FSV/A with I/Q Bandwidth Extension Option B400 or U400...........................21
4.1.1.1 Bandwidth Extension Options
Max. usable I/Q BW Required B-option
40 MHz B40
200 MHz B200
400 MHz B400
4.1.1.2 Relationship Between Sample Rate, Record Length and Usable I/Q Bandwidth
Up to the maximum bandwidth, the following rule applies:
Usable I/Q bandwidth = 0.8 * Output sample rate
Regarding the record length, the following rule applies:
Record length = Measurement time * sample rate
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Maximum record length for RF input
The maximum record length, that is, the maximum number of samples that can be captured, is 100 MSamples (with option B114: 800 MSamples).
The Figure 4-2 shows the maximum usable I/Q bandwidths depending on the output
sample rates.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Processing Analog I/Q Data from RF Input
Figure 4-2: Relationship between maximum usable I/Q bandwidth and output sample rate with and
without bandwidth extensions
4.1.1.3 R&S FSV/A Without Additional Bandwidth Extension Options
Sample rate: 100 Hz - 10 GHz
Maximum I/Q bandwidth: 10 MHz
Table 4-1: Maximum I/Q bandwidth
Sample rate Maximum I/Q bandwidth
100 Hz to 10 MHz Proportional up to maximum 10 MHz
10 MHz to 10 GHz 10 MHz
4.1.1.4 R&S FSV/A with I/Q Bandwidth Extension Option B40 or U40
Sample rate: 100 Hz - 10 GHz
Maximum bandwidth: 40 MHz
Sample rate Maximum I/Q bandwidth
100 Hz to 50 MHz Proportional up to maximum 40 MHz
50 MHz to 10 GHz 40 MHz
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4.1.1.5 R&S FSV/A with I/Q Bandwidth Extension Option B200 or U200
Sample rate: 100 Hz - 10 GHz
Maximum bandwidth: 200 MHz
Sample rate Maximum I/Q bandwidth
100 Hz to 250 MHz Proportional up to maximum 200 MHz
250 MHz to 10 GHz 200 MHz
4.1.1.6 R&S FSV/A with I/Q Bandwidth Extension Option B400 or U400
Sample rate: 100 Hz - 10 GHz
Maximum bandwidth: 400 MHz
Sample rate Maximum I/Q bandwidth
100 Hz to 500 MHz Proportional up to maximum 400 MHz
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Using Probes
500 MHz to 10 GHz 400 MHz
4.2 Using Probes
Probes allow you to perform voltage measurements very flexibly and precisely on all
sorts of devices to be tested, without interfering with the signal. The R&S FSV/A base
unit and some (optional) applications support input from probes.
Probe connectors
Active probes
When using active probes from the R&S RT family, consider the following:
●
Active probes require operating power from the instrument and have a proprietary
interface to the instrument.
●
The probe is automatically recognized by the instrument, no adjustment is
required.
●
Connections should be as short as possible to keep the usable bandwidth high.
●
Observe the operating voltage range.
Microbutton action
You can define an action to be performed by the R&S FSV/A when the probe's microbutton (if available) is pressed. Currently, a single data acquisition via the probe can be
performed simply by pressing the microbutton.
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4.2.1 RF Probes
Active modular probes can be connected to the RF Input connector on the R&S FSV/A
using an R&S RT-ZA9 adapter. Thus, you can perform frequency sweeps on data from
all active probes with a maximum bandwidth of up to 80 MHz, depending on the installed bandwidth extension options. The R&S RT-ZA9 provides an interface between the
probe's BNC socket and the analyzer's N-socket. The USB connection provides the
necessary supply voltages for the probe.
To connect an active probe to the RF Input
1. Connect the R&S RT-ZA9 adapter to the RF Input connector on the R&S FSV/A.
2. Connect the R&S RT-ZA9 adapter's USB cable to a USB connector on the
R&S FSV/A.
3. Connect the probe to the adapter.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Using Probes
Probes are automatically detected when you plug them into the R&S FSV/A. The
detected information on the probe is displayed in the "Probes" tab of the "Input"
dialog box.
To determine whether the probe has been connected properly and recognized by the
R&S FSV/A, use the [SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:SETup:STATe? remote control command.
Impedance and attenuation
The measured signal from the probe is attenuated internally by the probe's specific
attenuation. For RF probes, the attenuation is compensated using a pre-defined "Probe
on RF Input" transducer factor, which is automatically activated before the common RF
data processing. The reference level is adjusted automatically.
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A fixed impedance of 50 Ω is used for all probes to convert voltage values to power
levels.
4.2.1.1 MultiMode Function and Offset Compensation for Modular RF Probes
The R&S RT-ZM probe family features the MultiMode function which allows you to
switch between single-ended, differential, and common mode measurements without
reconnecting or resoldering the probe.
Four different input voltages can be measured with the MultiMode feature:
●
P-Mode: (pos.) Single-ended input voltage (Vp)
Voltage between the positive input terminal and ground
●
N-Mode: (neg.) Single-ended input voltage (Vn)
Voltage between the negative input terminal and ground
●
DM-Mode: Differential mode input voltage (Vdm)
Voltage between the positive and negative input terminal
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Using Probes
●
CM-Mode: Common mode input voltage (Vcm)
Mean voltage between the positive and negative input terminal vs. ground
The R&S FSV/A supports all probe modes. The mode is configured in the Chap-
ter 5.3.1.3, "Probe Settings", on page 54.
Offset compensation
The R&S RT-ZM probes feature a comprehensive offset compensation function. The
compensation of DC components directly at the probe tip even in front of the active
probe amplifier is possible with an extremely wide compensation range of ±16 V (±24 V
for P and N modes).
The offset compensation feature is available for every MultiMode setting:
MultiMode
setting
DM-Mode Differential DC voltage ±16 V Probing single-ended signals, e.g. power
CM-Mode Common mode DC volt-
Offset compensation Offset compen-
sation range
±16 V Measurements of signals with high common
age
Application
rails with high DC component and small AC
signal.
mode levels, e.g. current measurements
with a shunt resistor.
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Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
MultiMode
setting
P-Mode DC voltage at positive
N-Mode DC voltage at negative
Offset compensation Offset compen-
sation range
±24 V Measurement of single-ended AC signals
input terminal
±24 V Measurement of single ended AC signals
input terminal
Application
with high superimposed DC component at
the positive input terminal.
Note: The maximum voltage difference
between the positive and negative input terminals is 16 V.
with high superimposed DC component at
the negative input terminal.
Note: The maximum voltage difference
between the positive and negative input terminals is 16 V.
If the offset for DM-mode or CM-mode is changed, the offsets for the P-mode and Nmode are adapted accordingly, and vice versa.
4.3 Basics on External Generator Control
Some background knowledge on basic terms and principles used for external generator control is provided here for a better understanding of the required configuration settings.
External generator control is only available in the following applications.
●
Spectrum Analyzer
●
I/Q Analyzer
●
Analog Demodulation
●
Noise Figure Measurements
● External Generator Connections.............................................................................24
● Overview of Supported Generators.........................................................................27
● Generator Setup Files.............................................................................................28
● Calibration Mechanism............................................................................................29
● Normalization.......................................................................................................... 29
● Reference Trace, Reference Line and Reference Level.........................................31
● Coupling the Frequencies....................................................................................... 31
● Displayed Information and Errors............................................................................34
4.3.1 External Generator Connections
The external generator is controlled either via a LAN connection or via the EXT. GEN.
CONTROL GPIB interface of the R&S FSV/A supplied with the option.
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For more information on configuring interfaces see the "Remote Control Interfaces and
Protocols" section in the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
TTL synchronization
In addition, TTL synchronization can be used with some Rohde & Schwarz generators
connected via GPIB. The TTL interface is included in the AUX control connector of the
External Generator Control option.
Using the TTL interface allows for considerably higher measurement rates than pure
GPIB control, because the frequency stepping of the R&S FSV/A is directly coupled
with the frequency stepping of the generator. For details see Chapter 4.3.7, "Coupling
the Frequencies", on page 31.
In Figure 4-3, the connection for an R&S SMW is shown.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
R&S SMW
rear panel
BNC Trigger
BNC Blank
R&S FSW
rear panel
Figure 4-3: TTL connection for an R&S SMW generator
The external generator can be used to calibrate the data source by performing either
transmission or reflection measurements.
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Transmission Measurement
This measurement yields the transmission characteristics of a two-port network. The
external generator is used as a signal source. It is connected to the input connector of
the DUT. The input of the R&S FSV/A is fed from the output of the DUT. A calibration
can be carried out to compensate for the effects of the test setup (e.g. frequency
response of connecting cables).
Figure 4-4: Test setup for transmission measurement
Reflection Measurement
Scalar reflection measurements can be carried out using a reflection-coefficient measurement bridge.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
Figure 4-5: Test setup for reflection measurement
Generated signal input
In order to use the functions of the external generator, an appropriate generator must
be connected and configured correctly. In particular, the generator output must be connected to the RF input of the R&S FSV/A.
External reference frequency
In order to enhance measurement accuracy, a common reference frequency should be
used for both the R&S FSV/A and the generator. If no independent 10 MHz reference
frequency is available, it is recommended that you connect the reference output of the
generator with the reference input of the R&S FSV/A and that you enable usage of the
external reference on the R&S FSV/A via "SETUP" > "Reference" > "External Reference".
For more information on external references see the "Instrument Setup" section in the
R&S FSV/A User Manual.
Connection errors
If no external generator is connected, if the connection address is not correct, or the
generator is not ready for operation, an error message is displayed (e.g."Ext. Genera-
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tor TCPIP Handshake Error!", see Chapter 4.3.8, "Displayed Information and Errors",
on page 34).
4.3.2 Overview of Supported Generators
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
Generator
Model Driver file TTL sup-
type
SGS100A 6 GHz SGS100A6 -
port
Generator type Model Driver file TTL sup-
SMJ 3 GHz SMJ03 X
12 GHz SGS100A12 - 6 GHz SMJ06 X
SGT100A 3 GHz SGT100A3 - SML 1 GHz SML01 -
6 GHz SGT100A6 - 2 GHz SML02 -
SMA01A 3 GHz
SMA01A
1)
X
3 GHz SML03 -
SMA100A 3 GHz SMA100A3 X SMP 2 GHz SMP02 X
6 GHz SMA100A6 X 3 GHz SMP03 X
SMB100A 1 GHz SMB100A1 X 4 GHz SMP04 X
12 GHz SMB100A12 X 22 GHz SMP22 X
2 GHz SMB100A2 X SMR 20 GHz SMR20 -
20 GHz SMB100A20 X 20 GHz
SMR20B11
3)
3 GHz SMB100A3 X 27 GHz SMR27 X
40 GHz SMB100A40 X 27 GHz
SMR27B11
3)
SMBV100A 3 GHz SMBV100A3 X 30 GHz SMR30 X
6 GHz SMBV100A6 X 30 GHz
SMR30B11
3)
port
X
X
X
SMB100B 1 GHz SMB100B1 X 40 GHz SMR40 X
3 GHz SMB100B3 X 40 GHz
SMR40B11
3)
6 GHz SMB100B6 X 50 GHz SMR50 X
SMBV100B 3 GHz SMBV100B3 X 50 GHz
SMR50B11
3)
6 GHz SMBV100B6 X 60 GHz SMR60 X
SMC100A 1 GHz SMC100A1 - 60 GHz
3 GHz SMC100A3 -
SMT 2 GHz SMT02 -
SMR60B11
3)
SME 2 GHz SME02 X 3 GHz SMT03 -
3 GHz SME03 X 6 GHz SMT06 -
6 GHz SME06 X
SMU 2 GHz SMU02 X
1) Requires firmware version V2.10.x or higher on the signal generator
2) Requires firmware version V1.10.x or higher on the signal generator
3) Requires the option SMR-B11 on the signal generator
4) Requires firmware version V3.20.200 or higher on the signal generator
X
X
X
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Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
Generator
type
SMF100A 43.5 GHz SMF100A X 2 GHz
SMF 22 GHz SMF22 X 3 GHz
SMG all SMG - 6 GHz
SMGL all SMGL - 6 GHz
SMGU all SMGU -
SMH all SMH -
SMHU
SMIQ 2 GHz SMIQ02 X 20 GHz SMW20
Model Driver file TTL sup-
port
22 GHz SMF22B2 X 3 GHz
43 GHz SMF43 X 4 GHz
43 GHz SMF43B2 X 4 GHz
2 GHz SMIQ02B X 40 GHz SMW40
2 GHz SMIQ02E -
3 GHz SMIQ03 X
SMHU - 6 GHz SMW06
Generator type Model Driver file TTL sup-
SMU02B31
SMU03
SMU03B31
SMU04
SMU04B31
SMU06
SMU06B31
SMV 3 GHz SMV03 -
SMW 3 GHz SMW03
SMX all SMX -
SMY 1 GHz SMY01 -
port
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
2)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
4)
X
4)
X
4)
X
4)
X
3 GHz SMIQ03B X 2 GHz SMY02 -
3 GHz SMIQ03E -
4 GHz SMIQ04B X
6 GHz SMIQ06B X
1) Requires firmware version V2.10.x or higher on the signal generator
2) Requires firmware version V1.10.x or higher on the signal generator
3) Requires the option SMR-B11 on the signal generator
4) Requires firmware version V3.20.200 or higher on the signal generator
4.3.3 Generator Setup Files
For each signal generator type to be controlled by the R&S FSV/A a generator setup
file must be configured and stored on the R&S FSV/A. The setup file defines the frequency and power ranges supported by the generator, as well as information required
for communication. For the signal generators listed in Chapter 4.3.2, "Overview of Sup-
ported Generators", on page 27, default setup files are provided. If necessary, these
files can be edited or duplicated for varying measurement setups or other instruments.
The existing setup files can be displayed in an editor in read-only mode directly from
the "External Generator" configuration dialog box. From there, they can be edited and
stored under a different name, and are then available on the R&S FSV/A.
(For details see the R&S FSV/A User Manual).
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4.3.4 Calibration Mechanism
A common measurement setup includes a signal generator, a device under test (DUT),
and a signal and spectrum analyzer. Therefore, it is useful to measure the attenuation
or gain caused by the cables and connectors from the signal generator and the signal
analyzer in advance. The known level offsets can then be removed from the measurement results in order to obtain accurate information on the DUT.
Calculating the difference between the currently measured power and a reference
trace is referred to as calibration. Thus, the measurement results from the controlled
external generator - including the inherent distortions - can be used as a reference
trace to calibrate the measurement setup.
The inherent frequency and power level distortions can be determined by connecting
the R&S FSV/A to the signal generator. The R&S FSV/A sends a predefined list of frequencies to the signal generator (see also Chapter 4.3.7, "Coupling the Frequencies",
on page 31). The signal generator then sends a signal with the specified level at
each frequency in the predefined list. The R&S FSV/A measures the signal and determines the level offsets to the expected values.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
Saving calibration results
A reference dataset for the calibration results is stored internally as a table of value
pairs (frequency/level), one for each sweep point. The measured offsets can then be
used as calibration factors for subsequent measurement results.
The calibration can be performed using either transmission or reflection measurements. The selected type of measurement used to determine the reference trace is
included in the reference dataset.
4.3.5 Normalization
Once the measurement setup has been calibrated and the reference trace is available,
subsequent measurement results can be corrected according to the calibration factors,
if necessary. This is done by subtracting the reference trace from the measurement
results. This process is referred to as normalization and can be activated or deactivated as required. If normalization is activated, "NOR" is displayed in the channel bar,
next to the indication that an external generator is being used ("Ext.Gen").The normalized trace from the calibration sweep is a constant 0 dB line, as <calibration trace> <reference trace> = 0.
As long as the same settings are used for measurement as for calibration, the normalized measurement results should not contain any inherent frequency or power distortions. Thus, the measured DUT values are very accurate.
Approximate normalization
As soon as any of the calibration measurement settings are changed, the stored reference trace will no longer be identical to the new measurement results. However, if the
measurement settings do not deviate too much, the measurement results can still be
normalized approximately using the stored reference trace. This is indicated by the
"APX" label in the channel bar (instead of "NOR").
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This is the case if one or more of the following values deviate from the calibration settings:
●
Coupling (RBW, VBW, SWT)
●
Reference level, RF attenuation
●
Start or stop frequency
●
Output level of external generator
●
Detector (max. peak, min. peak, sample, etc.)
●
Frequency deviation at a maximum of 1001 points within the set sweep limits (corresponds to a doubling of the span)
Differences in level settings between the reference trace and the current instrument
settings are taken into account automatically. If the span is reduced, a linear interpolation of the intermediate values is applied. If the span increases, the values at the left or
right border of the reference dataset are extrapolated to the current start or stop frequency, i.e. the reference dataset is extended by constant values.
Thus, the instrument settings can be changed in a wide area without giving up normalization. This reduces the necessity to carry out a new normalization to a minimum.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
If approximation becomes too poor, however, normalization is aborted and an error
message is displayed (see Chapter 4.3.8, "Displayed Information and Errors",
on page 34).
The normalized trace in the display
The normalized reference trace is also displayed in the spectrum diagram, by default at
the top of the diagram (= 100% of the window height). It is indicated by a red line
labeled "NOR", followed by the current reference value. However, it can be shifted vertically to reflect an attenuation or gain caused by the measured DUT (see also "Shifting
the reference line (and normalized trace)" on page 31).
Restoring the calibration settings
If the measurement settings no longer match the instrument settings with which the
calibration was performed (indicated by the "APX" or no label next to "Ext.TG" in the
channel bar), you can restore the calibration settings, which are stored with the reference dataset on the R&S FSV/A.
Storing the normalized reference trace as a transducer factor
The (inverse) normalized reference trace can also be stored as a transducer factor for
use in other R&S FSV/A applications that do not support external generator control.
The normalized trace data is converted to a transducer with unit dB and stored in a file
with the specified name and the suffix .trd under c:\r_s\instr\trd. The frequency points are allocated in equidistant steps between the start and stop frequency.
This is useful, for example, to determine the effects of a particular device component
and then remove these effects from a subsequent measurement which includes this
component.
For an example see the "External Generator Control: Measurement Examples" section
in the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
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Note that the normalized measurement data is stored, not the original reference trace!
Thus, if you store the normalized trace directly after calibration, without changing any
settings, the transducer factor will be 0 dB for the entire span (by definition of the normalized trace).
4.3.6 Reference Trace, Reference Line and Reference Level
Reference trace
The calibration results are stored internally on the R&S FSV/A as a reference trace.
For each measured sweep point the offset to the expected values is determined. If normalization is activated, the offsets in the reference trace are removed from the current
measurement results to compensate for the inherent distortions.
Reference line
The reference line is defined by the Reference Value and Reference Position in the
"External Generator" > "Source Calibration" settings. It is similar to the Reference
Level defined in the "Amplitude" settings. However, as opposed to the reference level,
this reference line only affects the y-axis scaling in the diagram, it has no effect on the
expected input power level or the hardware settings.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
The reference line determines the range and the scaling of the y-axis, just as the reference level does.
The normalized reference trace (0 dB directly after calibration) is displayed on this reference line, indicated by a red line in the diagram. By default, the reference line is displayed at the top of the diagram. If you shift the reference line, the normalized trace is
shifted, as well.
Shifting the reference line (and normalized trace)
You can shift the reference line - and thus the normalized trace - in the result display by
changing the Reference Position or the Reference Value .
If the DUT inserts a gain or an attenuation in the measurement, this effect can be
reflected in the result display on the R&S FSV/A. To reflect a power offset in the measurement trace, change the Reference Value .
4.3.7 Coupling the Frequencies
As described in Chapter 4.3.5, "Normalization", on page 29, normalized measurement
results are very accurate as long as the same settings are used as for calibration.
Although approximate normalization is possible, it is important to consider the required
frequencies for calibration in advance. The frequencies and levels supported by the
connected signal generator are provided for reference with the interface configuration.
Two different methods are available to define the frequencies for calibration, that is to
couple the frequencies of the R&S FSV/A with those of the signal generator:
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OffsetAnalyzerGenerator
F
atorDeno
Numerator
FF
min
●
Manual coupling: a single frequency is defined
●
Automatic coupling: a series of frequencies is defined (one for each sweep
point), based on the current frequency at the RF input of the R&S FSV/A; the RF
frequency range covers the currently defined span of the R&S FSV/A (unless limited by the range of the signal generator)
Automatic coupling
If automatic coupling is used, the output frequency of the generator (source frequency)
is calculated as follows:
Equation 4-1: Output frequency of the generator
Where:
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
F
Generator
F
Analyzer
Numerator = multiplication factor for F
Denominator = division factor for F
F
Offset
= output frequency of the generator
= current frequency at the RF input of the R&S FSV/A
Analyzer
Analyzer
= frequency offset for F
, for example for frequency-converting measure-
Analyzer
ments or harmonics measurements
The value range for the offset depends on the selected generator. The default setting is
0 Hz. Offsets other than 0 Hz are indicated by the "FRQ" label in the channel bar (see
also Chapter 4.3.8, "Displayed Information and Errors", on page 34).
Swept frequency range
The F
values for the calibration sweep start with the start frequency and end with
Analyzer
the stop frequency defined in the "Frequency" settings of the R&S FSV/A. The resulting output frequencies ( Result Frequency Start and Result Frequency Stop ) are displayed in "External Generator" > "Measurement Configuration" for reference.
If the resulting frequency range exceeds the allowed ranges of the signal generator, an
error message is displayed (see Chapter 4.3.8, "Displayed Information and Errors",
on page 34) and the Result Frequency Start and Result Frequency Stop values are
corrected to comply with the range limits.
The calibration sweep nevertheless covers the entire span defined by the R&S FSV/A;
however, no input is received from the generator outside the generator's defined limits.
TTL synchronization
Some Rohde & Schwarz signal generators support TTL synchronization when connected via GPIB. The TTL interface is included in the AUX control connector of the External Generator Control option.
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When pure GPIB connections are used between the R&S FSV/A and the signal generator, the R&S FSV/A sets the generator frequency for each frequency point individually
via GPIB, and only when the setting procedure is finished, the R&S FSV/A can measure the next sweep point.
For generators with a TTL interface, the R&S FSV/A sends a list of the frequencies to
be set to the generator before the beginning of the first sweep. Then the R&S FSV/A
starts the sweep and the next frequency point is selected by both the R&S FSV/A and
the generator using the TTL handshake line "TRIGGER". The R&S FSV/A can only
measure a value when the generator signals the end of the setting procedure via the
"BLANK" signal.
Using the TTL interface allows for considerably higher measurement rates than pure
GPIB control, because the frequency stepping of the R&S FSV/A is directly coupled
with the frequency stepping of the generator.
Reverse sweep
The frequency offset for automatic coupling can be used to sweep in the reverse direction. To do so, define a negative offset in the external generator measurement configuration. (Note that the frequency is defined as the unsigned value of the equation, thus a
negative frequency is not possible.)
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
Example: Example for reverse sweep
F
AnalyzerStart
F
AnalyzerStop
F
Offset
= 100 MHz
= 200 MHz
= -300 MHz
Numerator = Denominator = 1
→F
GeneratorStart
→F
GeneratorStop
= 200 MHz
= 100 MHz
If the offset is adjusted so that the sweep of the generator crosses the minimum generator frequency, a message is displayed in the status bar ("Reverse Sweep via min. Ext.
Generator Frequency!").
Example: Example for reverse sweep via minimum frequency
F
AnalyzerStart
F
AnalyzerStop
F
Offset
F
min
= 100 MHz
= 200 MHz
= -150 MHz
= 20 MHz
Numerator = Denominator = 1
→F
GeneratorStart
→F
GeneratorStop
= 50 MHz
= 50 MHz via F
min
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4.3.8 Displayed Information and Errors
Channel bar
If external generator control is active, some additional information is displayed in the
channel bar.
Label Description
EXT TG: <source power> External generator active; signal sent with <source power> level
LVL Power Offset (see " Source Offset " on page 59
FRQ Frequency Offset (see "(Automatic) Source Frequency (Numerator/Denomi-
NOR Normalization on;
APX (approximation) Normalization on;
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on External Generator Control
nator/Offset)" on page 60
No difference between reference setting and measurement
Deviation from the reference setting occurs
- Aborted normalization or no calibration performed yet
Error and status messages
The following status and error messages may occur during external generator control.
Message Description
"Ext. Generator GPIB Handshake Error!" /
"Ext. Generator TCPIP Handshake Error!" /
"Ext. Generator TTL Handshake Error!"
"Ext. Generator Limits Exceeded!" The allowed frequency or power ranges for the generator
"Reverse Sweep via min. Ext. Generator Frequency!"
"Ext. Generator File Syntax Error!" Syntax error in the generator setup file (see Chap-
"Ext. Generator Command Error!" Missing or wrong command in the generator setup file
"Ext. Generator Visa Error!" Error with Visa driver provided with installation (very
Connection to the generator is not possible, e.g. due to a
cable damage or loose connection or wrong address.
were exceeded.
Reverse sweep is performed; frequencies are reduced to
the minimum frequency, then increased again; see
"Reverse sweep" on page 33
ter 4.3.3, "Generator Setup Files", on page 28
(see Chapter 4.3.3, "Generator Setup Files", on page 28
unlikely)
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Overloading
At a reference level of -10 dBm and at an external generator output level of the same
value, the R&S FSV/A operates without overrange reserve. That means the
R&S FSV/A is in danger of being overloaded if a signal is applied whose amplitude is
higher than the reference line. In this case, either the message "RF OVLD" for overload or "ADC OVLD" for exceeded display range (clipping of the trace at the upper diagram border = overrange) is displayed in the status line.
Overloading can be avoided as follows:
●
Reducing the output level of the external generator (" Source Power " on page 59
in "External Generator > Measurement Configuration")
●
Increasing the reference level ( Reference Level in the "Amplitude" menu)
4.4 Basics on Input from I/Q Data Files
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on Input from I/Q Data Files
The I/Q data to be evaluated in a particular R&S FSV/A application can not only be
captured by the application itself, it can also be loaded from a file, provided it has the
correct format. The file is then used as the input source for the application.
For example, you can capture I/Q data using the I/Q Analyzer application, store it to a
file, and then analyze the signal parameters for that data later using the Pulse application (if available).
The I/Q data must be stored in a format with the file extension .iq.tar. For a detailed
description see Chapter C, "I/Q Data File Format (iq-tar)", on page 286.
An application note on converting Rohde & Schwarz I/Q data files is available from the
Rohde & Schwarz website:
1EF85: Converting R&S I/Q data files
For I/Q file input, the stored I/Q data remains available as input for any number of subsequent measurements. When the data is used as an input source, the data acquisition settings in the current application (attenuation, center frequency, measurement
bandwidth, sample rate) can be ignored. As a result, these settings cannot be changed
in the current application. Only the measurement time can be decreased, in order to
perform measurements on an extract of the available data (from the beginning of the
file) only.
When using input from an I/Q data file, the [RUN SINGLE] function starts a single measurement (i.e. analysis) of the stored I/Q data, while the [RUN CONT] function repeatedly analyzes the same data from the file.
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Sample iq.tar files
If you have the optional R&S FSV/A VSA application (R&S FSV3-K70), some sample
iq.tar files are provided in the C:/R_S/Instr/user/vsa/DemoSignals directory
on the R&S FSV/A.
Furthermore, you can create your own iq.tar files in the I/Q Analyzer, see Chap-
ter 7.2, "How to Export and Import I/Q Data", on page 125.
Pre-trigger and post-trigger samples
In applications that use pre-triggers or post-triggers, if no pre-trigger or post-trigger
samples are specified in the I/Q data file, or too few trigger samples are provided to
satisfy the requirements of the application, the missing pre- or post-trigger values are
filled up with zeros. Superfluous samples in the file are dropped, if necessary. For pretrigger samples, values are filled up or omitted at the beginning of the capture buffer,
for post-trigger samples, values are filled up or omitted at the end of the capture buffer.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Receiving and Providing Trigger Signals
4.5 IF and Video Signal Output
The measured IF signal or displayed video signal (i.e. the filtered and detected IF signal) can be provided at the IF output connector of the R&S FSV/A.
The IF output is a signal of the measured level at a specified frequency.
Restrictions
Note the following restrictions for data output:
●
IF and video output is only available in the time domain (zero span).
●
For I/Q data, only IF output is available.
●
IF output is not available if any of the following conditions apply:
– The sample rate is larger than 200 MHz (upsampling)
4.6 Receiving and Providing Trigger Signals
Using one of the "Trigger Input / Output" connectors of the R&S FSV/A, the
R&S FSV/A can use a signal from an external device as a trigger to capture data.
Alternatively, the internal trigger signal used by the R&S FSV/A can be output for use
by other connected devices. Using the same trigger on several devices is useful to
synchronize the transmitted and received signals within a measurement.
For details on the connectors see the R&S FSV/A "Getting Started" manual.
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External trigger as input
If the trigger signal for the R&S FSV/A is provided by an external device, the trigger
signal source must be connected to the R&S FSV/A and the trigger source must be
defined as "External" in the R&S FSV/A.
Trigger output
The R&S FSV/A can provide output to another device either to pass on the internal
trigger signal, or to indicate that the R&S FSV/A itself is ready to trigger.
The trigger signal can be output by the R&S FSV/A automatically, or manually by the
user. If it is provided automatically, a high signal is output when the R&S FSV/A has
triggered due to a sweep start ( "Device Triggered" ), or when the R&S FSV/A is ready
to receive a trigger signal after a sweep start ( "Trigger Armed" ).
Manual triggering
If the trigger output signal is initiated manually, the length and level (high/low) of the
trigger pulse is also user-definable. Note, however, that the trigger pulse level is always
opposite to the constant signal level defined by the output "Level" setting, e.g. for
"Level" = "High", a constant high signal is output to the connector until the "Send Trigger" button is selected. Then, a low pulse is provided.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
I/Q Data Import and Export
4.7 I/Q Data Import and Export
Baseband signals mostly occur as so-called complex baseband signals, i.e. a signal
representation that consists of two channels; the in phase (I) and the quadrature (Q)
channel. Such signals are referred to as I/Q signals. The complete modulation information and even distortion that originates from the RF, IF or baseband domains can be
analyzed in the I/Q baseband.
Importing and exporting I/Q signals is useful for various applications:
●
Generating and saving I/Q signals in an RF or baseband signal generator or in
external software tools to analyze them with the R&S FSV/A later
●
Capturing and saving I/Q signals with an RF or baseband signal analyzer to analyze them with the R&S FSV/A or an external software tool later
As opposed to storing trace data, which may be averaged or restricted to peak values,
I/Q data is stored as it was captured, without further processing. The data is stored as
complex values in 32-bit floating-point format. Multi-channel data is not supported. The
I/Q data is stored in a format with the file extension .iq.tar.
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An application note on converting Rohde & Schwarz I/Q data files is available from the
Rohde & Schwarz website:
1EF85: Converting R&S I/Q data files
The export functions are available in the "Save/Recall" menu which is displayed when
you select the "Save" or "Open" icon in the toolbar (see Chapter 5.2, "Import/
Export Functions", on page 47). The import functions are available in the "I/Q File"
dialog box (see Chapter 5.3.1.2, "Settings for Input from I/Q Data Files", on page 53).
4.8 Basics on FFT
The I/Q Analyzer measures the power of the signal input over time. To convert the time
domain signal to a frequency spectrum, an FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) is performed which converts a vector of input values into a discrete spectrum of frequencies.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on FFT
4.8.1 Window Functions
The Fourier transformation is not performed on the entire captured data in one step.
Only a limited number of samples is used to calculate an individual result. This process
is called windowing.
After sampling in the time domain, each window is multiplied with a specific window
function. Windowing helps minimize the discontinuities at the end of the measured signal interval and thus reduces the effect of spectral leakage, increasing the frequency
resolution.
t[s]
FFT
f[Hz]
Various different window functions are provided in the R&S FSV/A to suit different input
signals. Each of the window functions has specific characteristics, including some
advantages and some trade-offs. Consider these characteristics to find the optimum
solution for the measurement task.
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Ignoring the window function - rectangular window
The rectangular window function is in effect not a function at all, it maintains the original sampled data. This may be useful to minimize the required bandwidth. However, be
aware that if the window does not contain exactly one period of your signal, heavy
sidelobes may occur, which do not exist in the original signal.
Table 4-2: Characteristics of typical FFT window functions
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on FFT
Window type Frequency
Rectangular Best Worst Worst No function applied.
Blackman-Harris
(default)
Gauss (Alpha
= 0.4)
Flattop Worst Best Good Accurate single tone measurements
5-Term Good Good Best Measurements with very high
4.8.2 Overlapping
The I/Q Analyzer calculates multiple FFTs per measurement by dividing one captured
record into several windows. Furthermore, the I/Q Analyzer allows consecutive windows to overlap. Overlapping "reuses" samples that were already used to calculate the
preceding FFT result.
Magnitude
resolution
Good Good Good Harmonic detection and spurious
Good Good Good Weak signals and short duration
resolution
Sidelobe suppression
Measurement recommendation
Separation of two tones with almost
equal amplitudes and a small frequency distance
emission detection
dynamic range
In advanced FFT mode with averaging, the overlapping factor can be set freely. The
higher the overlap factor, the more windows are used. This leads to more individual
results and improves detection of transient signal effects. However, it also extends the
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duration of the calculation. The size of the window can be defined manually according
to the record length, the overlap factor, and the FFT length.
An FFT overlap of 67%, for example, means the second FFT calculation uses the last
67% of the data of the first FFT. It uses only 33% new data. The third FFT still covers
33% of the first FFT and 67% of the second FFT, and so on.
Figure 4-6: Overlapping FFTs
In "Manual" or "Auto" FFT mode, an FFT length of 4096 and a window length of 4096
(or the record length, if shorter) is used to calculate the spectrum.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on FFT
Combining results - trace detector
If the record length permits, multiple overlapping windows are calculated and combined
to create the final spectrum using the selected trace detector. If necessary, the trace
detector is also used to reduce the number of calculated frequency points (defined by
the FFT length) to the defined number of sweep points. By default, the Autopeak trace
detector is used.
Since the frequency points are reduced to the number of sweep points, using a detector other than "Auto Peak" and fewer than 4096 sweep points can lead to false level
results.
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4.8.3 Dependencies Between FFT Parameters
FFT analysis in the R&S FSV/A is highly configurable. Several parameters, including
the resolution bandwidth, record length, and FFT length, are user-definable. Note,
however, that several parameters are correlated and not all can be configured independently of the others.
Record Length
Defines the number of I/Q samples to capture. By default, the number of sweep points
is used. The record length is calculated as the measurement time multiplied by the
sample rate.
If you change the record length, the Meas Time is automatically changed, as well.
For FFTs using only a single window ( "Single" mode), the record length (which is then
identical to the FFT length) must not exceed 512k.
FFT Length
Defines the number of frequency points determined by each FFT calculation. The more
points are used, the higher the resolution in the spectrum becomes, but the longer the
calculation takes.
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on FFT
In "Auto" or "Manual" mode, an FFT length of 4096 is used.
In advanced FFT mode, the FFT length is user-definable. If you use the arrow keys or
the rotary knob to change the FFT length, the value is incremented or decremented by
powers of 2. If you enter the value manually, any integer value from 3 to 524288 is
available.
If the FFT length is longer than the Window Length the sample data is filled up with
zeros up to the FFT length. The FFT is then performed using interpolated frequency
points.
For an FFT length that is not a power of 2, a DFT (discrete Fourier transform) is performed, which requires more time for calculation, but avoids the effects of interpolation.
To display all calculated frequency points (defined by the FFT length), the number of
sweep points is set to the FFT length automatically in advanced FFT mode.
Window Length
Defines the number of samples to be included in a single window in averaging mode.
(In single mode, the window length corresponds to the " Record Length "
on page 79.)
Values from 3 to 4096 are available in "Manual" mode; in "Advanced" FFT mode, values from 3 to 524288 are available. However, the window length must not be longer
than the FFT Length .
If the window length is shorter than the FFT Length , the sample data is filled up with
zeros up to the FFT length.
If the window length is longer than the Record Length (that is, not enough samples are
available), a window length the size of the Record Length is used for calculation.
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LengthWindow
RateSample
BandwidthNormalizedRBW
3
RateSample*BandwidthNormalized
RBW
max
LengthcordRe,4096min
RateSampleBandwidth*Normalized
RBW
min
The window length and the Window Overlap determine how many FFT calculations
must be performed for each record in averaging mode (see " Transformation Algorithm
" on page 81).
4.8.4 Frequency Resolution of FFT Results - RBW
The resolution bandwidth defines the minimum frequency separation at which the
individual components of a spectrum can be distinguished. Small values result in high
precision, as the distance between two distinguishable frequencies is small. Higher values decrease the precision, but increase measurement speed.
The RBW is determined by the following equation:
Equation 4-2: Definition of RBW
(Note: The normalized bandwidth is a fixed value that takes the noise bandwidth of the
window function into consideration.)
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on FFT
The maximum RBW is restricted by the Analysis Bandwidth , or by the following equation, whichever is higher:
If a higher spectral resolution is required, the number of samples must be increased by
using a higher sample rate or longer record length.
The minimum achievable RBW depends on the sample rate and record length, according to the following equation:
To simplify operation, some parameters are coupled and automatically calculated, such
as record length and RBW.
RBW mode
Depending on the selected RBW mode, the resolution bandwidth is either determined
automatically or can be defined manually.
Auto mode:
This is the default mode in the I/Q Analyzer. The RBW is determined automatically
depending on the Sample Rate and Window Length , where the window length corresponds to the Record Length , or a maximum of 4096.
If the record length is larger than the window length, multiple windows are combined;
the FFT length is 4096.
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A Flatop window function is used.
Manual mode:
The RBW is user-definable.
The Window Length is adapted to comply with Equation 4-2. Since only window
lengths with integer values can be employed, the Sample Rate is adapted, if necessary, to obtain an integer window length value.
If the record length is larger than the window length, multiple windows are combined;
the FFT length is 4096.
A Flatop window function is used.
Advanced FFT mode
The RBW is determined by the advanced FFT parameters, depending on the selected
FFT Calculation Methods method.
4.8.5 FFT Calculation Methods
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on FFT
FFT calculation can be performed using different methods.
Single
In single mode, one FFT is calculated for the entire record length, that means the window length is identical to the record length.
If the defined FFT Length is larger than the record length, zeros are appended to the
captured data to reach the FFT length.
Figure 4-7: FFT parameters for single FFT calculation
Averaging
In averaging mode, several overlapping FFTs are calculated for each record; the
results are combined to determine the final FFT result for the record.
The number of FFTs to be combined is determined by the Window Overlap and the
Window Length .
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Figure 4-8: FFT parameters for averaged FFT calculation
Basics on I/Q Data Acquisition and Processing
Basics on FFT
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5 Configuration
Access: [MODE] > "I/Q Analyzer"
The I/Q Analyzer is a special application on the R&S FSV/A.
When you switch to an I/Q Analyzer channel the first time, a set of parameters is
passed on from the currently active application. After initial setup, the parameters for
the channel are stored upon exiting and restored upon re-entering the channel. Thus,
you can switch between applications quickly and easily.
When you activate a channel for the I/Q Analyzer application, data acquisition from the
input signal is started automatically with the default configuration. The "I/Q Analyzer"
menu is displayed and provides access to the most important configuration functions.
The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in Chapter 8,
"Remote Commands to Perform Measurements with I/Q Data", on page 128.
Importing and Exporting I/Q Data
The I/Q data to be evaluated in the I/Q Analyzer application can not only be captured
by the I/Q Analyzer itself, it can also be imported to the R&S FSV/A, provided it has the
correct format. Furthermore, the captured I/Q data from the I/Q Analyzer can be exported for further analysis in external applications.
For details see Chapter 4.7, "I/Q Data Import and Export", on page 37.
Configuration
Configuration Overview
● Configuration Overview...........................................................................................45
● Import/Export Functions..........................................................................................47
● Data Input and Output Settings...............................................................................50
● Amplitude................................................................................................................ 65
● Frequency Settings................................................................................................. 70
● Trigger Settings.......................................................................................................71
● Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings............................................................... 77
● Display Configuration..............................................................................................85
● Adjusting Settings Automatically.............................................................................85
5.1 Configuration Overview
Access: all menus
Throughout the channel configuration, an overview of the most important currently
defined settings is provided in the "Overview" .
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Multiple access paths to functionality
The easiest way to configure a channel is via the "Overview" dialog box, which is available from all menus.
Alternatively, you can access the individual dialog boxes from the corresponding menu
items, or via tools in the toolbars, if available.
In this documentation, only the most convenient method of accessing the dialog boxes
is indicated - usually via the "Overview" .
Configuration
Configuration Overview
Figure 5-1: Configuration Overview for I/Q Analyzer Master
In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to
the main settings dialog boxes. The individual configuration steps are displayed in the
order of the data flow. Thus, you can easily configure an entire channel from input over
processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in
the "Overview" .
The "Overview" for the I/Q Analyzer provides quick access to the following configuration dialog boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):
1. Input settings
See Chapter 5.3.1, "Input Source Settings", on page 51
2. Amplitude settings
See Chapter 5.4, "Amplitude", on page 65
3. Frequency settings
See Chapter 5.5, "Frequency Settings", on page 70
4. Optionally, Trigger/Gate settings
See Chapter 5.6, "Trigger Settings", on page 71
5. Bandwidth settings
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See Chapter 5.7, "Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings", on page 77
6. Optionally, output settings
See Chapter 5.3.2, "Output Settings", on page 64
7. Analysis settings and functions
See Chapter 6, "Analysis", on page 89
8. Display configuration
See Chapter 5.8, "Display Configuration", on page 85
To configure settings
► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.
Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the channel tab) to change a specific setting.
For step-by-step instructions on configuring I/Q Analyzer measurements, see Chap-
ter 7.1, "How to Perform Measurements in the I/Q Analyzer Application", on page 125.
Configuration
Import/Export Functions
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to
restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the [Preset] key, which restores the
entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the R&S FSV/A
(except for the default channel)!
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 138
Specific Settings for
The channel may contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indicated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the
selected window.
Select an active window from the "Specific Settings for" selection list that is displayed
in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.
The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected
window.
5.2 Import/Export Functions
Access: "Save" / "Open" icon in the toolbar > "Import" / "Export"
Access (Import I/Q data): [Input Output] > "Input Source Config" > "I/Q File"
The R&S FSV/A provides various evaluation methods for the results of the performed
measurements. However, you may want to evaluate the data with further, external
applications. In this case, you can export the measurement data to a standard format
file (ASCII or XML). Some of the data stored in these formats can also be re-imported
to the R&S FSV/A for further evaluation later, for example in other applications.
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The following data types can be exported (depending on the application):
●
Trace data
●
Table results, such as result summaries, marker peak lists etc.
●
I/Q data
I/Q data can only be imported and exported in applications that process I/Q data, such
as the I/Q Analyzer or optional applications.
See the corresponding user manuals for those applications for details.
Exporting I/Q data is only possible in single sweep mode ( Continuous Sweep / Run
Cont ).
Importing I/Q data is also possible in continuous sweep mode.
For more information about importing I/Q data files, see Chapter 5.3.1.2, "Settings for
Input from I/Q Data Files", on page 53.
Import ...........................................................................................................................48
Export ...........................................................................................................................48
└ Export Trace to ASCII File ............................................................................. 48
└ Trace Export Configuration ............................................................................50
└ I/Q Export .......................................................................................................50
Configuration
Import/Export Functions
└ File Type ..............................................................................................49
└ Decimal Separator ...............................................................................50
Import
Access: "Save/Recall" > Import
Provides functions to import data.
For more information about importing I/Q data files, see Chapter 5.3.1.2, "Settings for
Input from I/Q Data Files", on page 53.
Export
Access: "Save/Recall" > Export
Opens a submenu to configure data export.
Export Trace to ASCII File ← Export
Saves the selected trace or all traces in the currently active result display to the specified file and directory in the selected ASCII format.
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Configuration
Import/Export Functions
Note: Secure user mode.
In secure user mode, settings that are stored on the instrument are stored to volatile
memory, which is restricted to 256 MB. Thus, a "memory limit reached" error can occur
although the hard disk indicates that storage space is still available.
To store data permanently, select an external storage location such as a USB memory
device.
For details, see "Protecting Data Using the Secure User Mode" in the "Data Management" section of the R&S FSV3000/ FSVA3000 base unit user manual.
Remote command:
MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe on page 273
File Type ← Export Trace to ASCII File ← Export
Determines the format of the ASCII file to be imported or exported.
Depending on the external program in which the data file was created or is evaluated,
a comma-separated list (CSV) or a plain data format (DAT) file is required.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:FORMat on page 271
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Decimal Separator ← Export Trace to ASCII File ← Export
Defines the decimal separator for floating-point numerals for the data export/import
files. Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator on page 271
Trace Export Configuration ← Export
Opens the "Traces" dialog box to configure the trace and data export settings.
I/Q Export ← Export
Opens a file selection dialog box to define an export file name to which the I/Q data is
stored. This function is only available in single sweep mode.
It is not available in the Spectrum application, only in applications that process I/Q
data, such as the I/Q Analyzer or optional applications.
For details, see the description in the R&S FSV/A I/Q Analyzer User Manual ("Importing and Exporting I/Q Data").
Note: Storing large amounts of I/Q data (several Gigabytes) can exceed the available
(internal) storage space on the R&S FSV/A. In this case, it can be necessary to use an
external storage medium.
Note: Secure user mode.
In secure user mode, settings that are stored on the instrument are stored to volatile
memory, which is restricted to 256 MB. Thus, a "memory limit reached" error can occur
although the hard disk indicates that storage space is still available.
To store data permanently, select an external storage location such as a USB memory
device.
For details, see "Protecting Data Using the Secure User Mode" in the "Data Management" section of the R&S FSV3000/ FSVA3000 base unit user manual.
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Remote command:
MMEMory:STORe<n>:IQ:STATe on page 276
MMEMory:STORe<n>:IQ:COMMent on page 275
5.3 Data Input and Output Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input" / "Output"
The R&S FSV/A can analyze signals from different input sources and provide various
types of output (such as noise source control or trigger signals).
For background information on providing input and output or working with power sensors, see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
● Input Source Settings..............................................................................................51
● Output Settings....................................................................................................... 64
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5.3.1 Input Source Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source"
The input source determines which data the R&S FSV/A will analyze.
The default input source for the R&S FSV/A is "Radio Frequency" , i.e. the signal at the
"RF Input" connector of the R&S FSV/A. If no additional options are installed, this is the
only available input source.
● Radio Frequency Input............................................................................................51
● Settings for Input from I/Q Data Files......................................................................53
● Probe Settings.........................................................................................................54
● External Generator Control Settings....................................................................... 56
5.3.1.1 Radio Frequency Input
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency"
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
RF Input Protection
The RF input connector of the R&S FSV/A must be protected against signal levels that
exceed the ranges specified in the data sheet. Therefore, the R&S FSV/A is equipped
with an overload protection mechanism for DC and signal frequencies up to 30 MHz.
This mechanism becomes active as soon as the power at the input mixer exceeds the
specified limit. It ensures that the connection between RF input and input mixer is cut
off.
When the overload protection is activated, an error message is displayed in the status
bar ( "INPUT OVLD" ), and a message box informs you that the RF Input was disconnected. Furthermore, a status bit (bit 3) in the STAT:QUES:POW status register is set.
In this case you must decrease the level at the RF input connector and then close the
message box. Then measurement is possible again. Reactivating the RF input is also
possible via the remote command INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:PROTection:RESet.
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Radio Frequency State ................................................................................................ 52
Input Coupling ..............................................................................................................52
Impedance ................................................................................................................... 52
Direct Path ................................................................................................................... 53
YIG-Preselector ............................................................................................................53
Radio Frequency State
Activates input from the "RF Input" connector.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:SELect on page 142
Input Coupling
The RF input of the R&S FSV/A can be coupled by alternating current (AC) or direct
current (DC).
This function is not available for input from the optional Digital Baseband Interface or
from the optional Analog Baseband Interface.
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. This is the default setting to
prevent damage to the instrument. Very low frequencies in the input signal may be distorted.
However, some specifications require DC coupling. In this case, you must protect the
instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually. For details, refer to the data
sheet.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:COUPling on page 140
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Impedance
The R&S FSV/A has an internal impedance of 50 Ω. However, some applications use
other impedance values. In order to match the impedance of an external application to
the impedance of the R&S FSV/A, an impedance matching pad can be inserted at the
input. If the type and impedance value of the used matching pad is known to the
R&S FSV/A, it can convert the measured units accordingly so that the results are calculated correctly.
The impedance conversion does not affect the level of the output signals (such as IF,
video, demod)
"50Ω"
"75Ω"
"User"
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:IMPedance on page 141
INPut<ip>:IMPedance:PTYPe on page 141
(Default:) no conversion takes place
The 50 Ω input impedance is transformed to a higher impedance
using a 75 Ω adapter of the selected "Pad Type": "Series-R" (default)
or "MLP" (Minimum Loss Pad)
The 50 Ω input impedance is transformed to a user-defined impedance value according to the selected "Pad Type": "Series-R"
(default) or "MLP" (Minimum Loss Pad)
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Direct Path
Enables or disables the use of the direct path for small frequencies.
In spectrum analyzers, passive analog mixers are used for the first conversion of the
input signal. In such mixers, the LO signal is coupled into the IF path due to its limited
isolation. The coupled LO signal becomes visible at the RF frequency 0 Hz. This effect
is referred to as LO feedthrough.
To avoid the LO feedthrough the spectrum analyzer provides an alternative signal path
to the A/D converter, referred to as the direct path. By default, the direct path is
selected automatically for RF frequencies close to zero. However, this behavior can be
disabled. If "Direct Path" is set to "Off" , the spectrum analyzer always uses the analog
mixer path.
"Auto"
"Off"
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:DPATh on page 140
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
(Default) The direct path is used automatically for frequencies close
to zero.
The analog mixer path is always used.
YIG-Preselector
Activates or disables the YIG-preselector, if available on the R&S FSV/A.
An internal YIG-preselector at the input of the R&S FSV/A ensures that image frequen-
cies are rejected. However, this is only possible for a restricted bandwidth. To use the
maximum bandwidth for signal analysis you can disable the YIG-preselector at the
input of the R&S FSV/A, which can lead to image-frequency display.
Note that the YIG-preselector is active only on frequencies greater than 7.5 GHz.
Therefore, switching the YIG-preselector on or off has no effect if the frequency is
below that value.
Note:
For the following measurements, the YIG-Preselector is off by default (if available).
●
I/Q Analyzer
●
GSM
●
VSA
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILTer:YIG[:STATe] on page 141
5.3.1.2 Settings for Input from I/Q Data Files
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
Or: [INPUT/OUTPUT] > "Input Source Config" > "Input Source" > "I/Q File"
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For details, see Chapter 4.4, "Basics on Input from I/Q Data Files", on page 35.
I/Q Input File State........................................................................................................ 54
Select I/Q data file ........................................................................................................54
I/Q Input File State
Enables input from the selected I/Q input file.
If enabled, the application performs measurements on the data from this file. Thus,
most measurement settings related to data acquisition (attenuation, center frequency,
measurement bandwidth, sample rate) cannot be changed. The measurement time
can only be decreased, to perform measurements on an extract of the available data
only.
Note: Even when the file input is disabled, the input file remains selected and can be
enabled again quickly by changing the state.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:SELect on page 142
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Select I/Q data file
Opens a file selection dialog box to select an input file that contains I/Q data.
The I/Q data must have a specific format (.iq.tar) as described in Chapter C, "I/Q
Data File Format (iq-tar)", on page 286.
The default storage location for I/Q data files is C:\R_S\INSTR\USER.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:FILE:PATH on page 143
5.3.1.3 Probe Settings
Access: [INPUT / OUTPUT] > "Input Source Config" > "Probes"
Data input for the measurement can be provided by probes if the optional R&S RT-ZA9
adapter is used.
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The detected type of probe, if any, is displayed.
For more information on using probes with an R&S FSV/A, see Chapter 4.2, "Using
Probes", on page 21.
For general information on the R&S®RT probes, see the device manuals.
Name.............................................................................................................................55
Serial Number............................................................................................................... 55
Part Number..................................................................................................................55
Type.............................................................................................................................. 55
Mode............................................................................................................................. 55
Common Mode Offset / Diff. Mode Offset / P Offset / N Offset / .................................. 56
Attenuation....................................................................................................................56
Microbutton Action ....................................................................................................... 56
Name
Probe name
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:SETup:NAME? on page 146
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Serial Number
Serial number of the probe
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:ID:SRNumber? on page 144
Part Number
Rohde & Schwarz part number
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:ID:PARTnumber? on page 143
Type
Type of probe:
●
Single-ended
●
Differential
●
Active Modular
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:SETup:TYPE? on page 148
Mode
Mode for multi-mode modular probes. Determines which voltage is measured.
"DM-mode"
"CM-mode"
"P-mode"
"N-mode"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:SETup:PMODe on page 146
Voltage between the positive and negative input terminal
Mean voltage between the positive and negative input terminal vs.
ground
Voltage between the positive input terminal and ground
Voltage between the negative input terminal and ground
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Common Mode Offset / Diff. Mode Offset / P Offset / N Offset /
Sets the offset for the probe, depending on the used mode (CM and DM mode both
use the "Common Mode Offset"). The setting is only available if a differential (R&S RTZD) or modular (R&S RT-ZM) probe is connected to the R&S FSV/A.
If the probe is disconnected, the offset of the probe is reset to 0.0 V.
Note: If the offset for DM-mode or CM-mode is changed, the offsets for the P-mode
and N-mode are adapted accordingly, and vice versa.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:SETup:CMOFfset on page 144
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:SETup:DMOFfset on page 145
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:SETup:NMOFfset on page 146
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:SETup:PMOFfset on page 147
Attenuation
Defines the attenuation applied to the input at the probe. This setting is only available
for modular probes.
"10:1"
"2:1"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:SETup:ATTRatio on page 144
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Attenuation by 20 dB
Attenuation by 6 dB
Microbutton Action
Active Rohde & Schwarz probes (except for R&S RT-ZS10E) have a configurable
microbutton on the probe head. By pressing this button, you can perform an action on
the instrument directly from the probe.
Select the action that you want to start from the probe:
"Run Single"
"No Action"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PROBe<pb>:SETup:MODE on page 145
5.3.1.4 External Generator Control Settings
Access: [INPUT/OUPUT] > "External Generator Config"
The "External Generator" settings are available if the R&S FSV/A External Generator
Control option is installed. For each measurement channel, you can configure one
external generator. To switch between different configurations, define multiple measurement channels.
For more information on external generator control, see Chapter 4.3, "Basics on Exter-
nal Generator Control", on page 24.
Starts one data acquisition.
Prevents unwanted actions due to unintended usage of the microbut-
ton.
● Interface Configuration Settings..............................................................................57
● Measurement Settings............................................................................................ 59
● Source Calibration Functions..................................................................................61
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Interface Configuration Settings
For more information on configuring interfaces, see the "Remote Control Interfaces and
Protocols" section in the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Generator Type ............................................................................................................57
Interface ....................................................................................................................... 57
TTL Handshake ............................................................................................................58
GPIB Address / TCPIP Address / Computer Name ..................................................... 58
Reference .....................................................................................................................58
Edit Generator Setup File .............................................................................................58
Frequency Min / Frequency Max ..................................................................................58
Level Min / Level Max .................................................................................................. 58
Generator Type
Selects the generator type and thus defines the generator setup file to use.
For an overview of supported generators, see Chapter 4.3.2, "Overview of Supported
Generators", on page 27. For information on generator setup files, see Chapter 4.3.3,
"Generator Setup Files", on page 28.
Remote command:
SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:GENerator<gen>:TYPE on page 154
Interface
Type of interface connection used. The following interfaces are currently supported:
●
GPIB
●
TCP/IP (not by all generators)
For details on which signal generators support which interfaces, see the documentation of the corresponding signal generator.
Remote command:
SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:GENerator<gen>:INTerface on page 153
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TTL Handshake
If available for the specified generator type, this option activates TTL synchronization
via handshake for GPIB connections.
Using the TTL interface allows for considerably higher measurement rates than pure
GPIB control, because the frequency stepping of the R&S FSV/A is directly coupled
with the frequency stepping of the generator.
For more information on TTL synchronization, see "TTL synchronization" on page 32.
For an overview of which generators support TTL synchronization see Chapter 4.3.2,
"Overview of Supported Generators", on page 27.
Remote command:
SYSTem:COMMunicate:RDEVice:GENerator<gen>:LINK on page 154
GPIB Address / TCPIP Address / Computer Name
For LAN connections: TCP/IP address of the signal generator
For GPIB connections: GPIB address of the signal generator.
Remote command:
SYSTem:COMMunicate:GPIB:RDEVice:GENerator<gen>:ADDRess on page 153
SYSTem:COMMunicate:TCPip:RDEVice:GENerator<gen>:ADDRess
on page 155
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Reference
Selects the internal R&S FSV/A or an external frequency reference to synchronize the
R&S FSV/A with the generator (default: internal).
Remote command:
SOURce<si>:EXTernal<gen>:ROSCillator[:SOURce] on page 153
Edit Generator Setup File
Displays the setup file for the currently selected Generator Type in read-only mode in
an editor.
Although the existing setup files are displayed in read-only mode in the editor, they can
be saved under a different name (using "File > SaveAs").
Be careful, however, to adhere to the required syntax and commands. Errors are only
detected and displayed when you try to use the new generator (see also Chapter 4.3.8,
"Displayed Information and Errors", on page 34).
For details, see Chapter 4.3.3, "Generator Setup Files", on page 28.
Frequency Min / Frequency Max
For reference only: Lower and upper frequency limit for the generator.
Level Min / Level Max
For reference only: Lower and upper power limit for the generator.
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Measurement Settings
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Source State ................................................................................................................ 59
Source Power ...............................................................................................................59
Source Offset ............................................................................................................... 59
Source Frequency Coupling..........................................................................................60
(Manual) Source Frequency..........................................................................................60
(Automatic) Source Frequency (Numerator/Denominator/Offset).................................60
Result Frequency Start ................................................................................................ 61
Result Frequency Stop .................................................................................................61
Source State
Activates or deactivates control of an external generator.
Remote command:
SOURce<si>:EXTernal<gen>[:STATe] on page 152
Source Power
The output power of the external generator. The default output power is -20 dBm. The
range is specified in the data sheet.
Remote command:
SOURce<si>:EXTernal<gen>:POWer[:LEVel] on page 151
Source Offset
Constant level offset for the external generator. Values from -200 dB to +200 dB in 1
dB steps are allowed. The default setting is 0 dB. Offsets are indicated by the "LVL"
label in the channel bar (see also Chapter 4.3.8, "Displayed Information and Errors",
on page 34).
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Using this offset, attenuators or amplifiers at the output connector of the external generator can be taken into account. This is useful, for example, for the displayed output
power values on screen or during data entry. Positive offsets apply to an amplifier,
while negative offsets apply to an attenuator after the external generator.
Remote command:
SOURce<si>:POWer[:LEVel][:IMMediate]:OFFSet on page 152
Source Frequency Coupling
Defines the frequency coupling mode between the R&S FSV/A and the generator.
For more information on coupling frequencies, see Chapter 4.3.7, "Coupling the Fre-
quencies", on page 31.
"Auto"
"Manual"
Remote command:
SOURce<si>:EXTernal<gen>:FREQuency:COUPling[:STATe] on page 149
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Default setting: a series of frequencies is defined (one for each
sweep point), based on the current frequency at the RF input of the
R&S FSV/A (see "(Automatic) Source Frequency (Numerator/Denom-
inator/Offset)" on page 60). The RF frequency range covers the cur-
rently defined span of the R&S FSV/A (unless limited by the range of
the signal generator).
The generator uses a single fixed frequency, defined by (Manual)
Source Frequency which is displayed when you select "Manual" cou-
pling.
(Manual) Source Frequency
Defines the fixed frequency to be used by the generator.
Remote command:
SOURce<si>:EXTernal<gen>:FREQuency on page 149
(Automatic) Source Frequency (Numerator/Denominator/Offset)
With automatic frequency coupling, a series of frequencies is defined (one for each
sweep point), based on the current frequency at the RF input of the R&S FSV/A.
However, the frequency used by the generator may differ from the input from the
R&S FSV/A. The RF frequency can be multiplied by a specified factor, or a frequency
offset can be added, or both.
Note: The input for the generator frequency is not validated, i.e. you can enter any values. However, if the allowed frequency ranges of the generator are exceeded, an error
message is displayed on the R&S FSV/A. The values for Result Frequency Start and
Result Frequency Stop are corrected to comply with the range limits.
The value range for the offset depends on the selected generator. The default setting is
0 Hz. Offsets <> 0 Hz are indicated by the "FRQ" label in the channel bar. Negative
offsets can be used to define reverse sweeps.
For more information on coupling frequencies and reverse sweeps, see Chapter 4.3.7,
"Coupling the Frequencies", on page 31. For more information on error messages and
the channel bar, see Chapter 4.3.8, "Displayed Information and Errors", on page 34.
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Remote command:
SOURce<si>:EXTernal<gen>:FREQuency[:FACTor]:DENominator
on page 150
SOURce<si>:EXTernal<gen>:FREQuency[:FACTor]:NUMerator on page 150
SOURce<si>:EXTernal<gen>:FREQuency:OFFSet on page 151
Result Frequency Start
For reference only: The start frequency for the generator, calculated from the configured generator frequency and the start value defined for the R&S FSV/A.
Result Frequency Stop
For reference only: The stop frequency for the generator, calculated from the configured generator frequency and the stop value defined for the R&S FSV/A.
Source Calibration Functions
The calibration functions of the external generator are available only if external generator control is active (see " Source State " on page 59).
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Calibrate Transmission..................................................................................................62
Calibrate Reflection Short............................................................................................. 62
Calibrate Reflection Open.............................................................................................62
Source Calibration Normalize ...................................................................................... 62
Recall ........................................................................................................................... 62
Save as Trd Factor .......................................................................................................63
Reference Position .......................................................................................................63
Reference Value ...........................................................................................................63
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Calibrate Transmission
Starts a transmission type measurement to determine a reference trace. This trace is
used to calculate the difference for the normalized values.
For details, see Chapter 4.3.4, "Calibration Mechanism", on page 29.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CORRection:METHod on page 156
Calibrate Reflection Short
Starts a short-circuit reflection type measurement to determine a reference trace for
calibration.
If both calibrations (open circuit, short circuit) are carried out, the calibration trace is
calculated by averaging the two measurements. The order of the two calibration measurements is irrelevant.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CORRection:METHod on page 156
Selects the reflection method.
[SENSe:]CORRection:COLLect[:ACQuire] on page 156
Starts the sweep for short-circuit calibration.
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Calibrate Reflection Open
Starts an open-circuit reflection type measurement to determine a reference trace for
calibration.
If both reflection-type calibrations (open circuit, short circuit) are carried out, the reference trace is calculated by averaging the two measurements. The order of the two calibration measurements is irrelevant.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CORRection:METHod on page 156
Selects the reflection method.
[SENSe:]CORRection:COLLect[:ACQuire] on page 156
Starts the sweep for open-circuit calibration.
Source Calibration Normalize
Switches the normalization of measurement results on or off. This function is only
available if the memory contains a reference trace, that is, after a calibration has been
performed.
For details on normalization, see Chapter 4.3.5, "Normalization", on page 29.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CORRection[:STATe] on page 157
Recall
Restores the settings that were used during source calibration. This can be useful if
instrument settings were changed after calibration (e.g. center frequency, frequency
deviation, reference level, etc.).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CORRection:RECall on page 157
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Save as Trd Factor
Uses the normalized measurement data to generate a transducer factor. The trace
data is converted to a transducer with unit dB and stored in a file with the specified
name and the suffix .trd under
"C:\Program Files\Rohde-Schwarz\FSV3000\<version>\trd". The frequency points are allocated in equidistant steps between start and stop frequency. The
generated transducer factor can be further adapted using the "Transducer" softkey in
the [SETUP] menu.
For more information on transducers, see the "General Instrument Setup > Transducers" section in the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
This function is only available if Source Calibration Normalize is switched on.
Note: Note that the normalized measurement data is used, not the reference trace!
Thus, if you store the normalized trace directly after calibration, without changing any
settings, the transducer factor will be 0 dB for the entire span (by definition of the normalized trace).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CORRection:TRANsducer:GENerate on page 157
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Reference Position
Defines the position of the Result Frequency Stop in percent of the total y-axis range.
The top of the diagram is 100%, the bottom is 0%. By default, the 0 dB line is displayed
at the top of the diagram (100%).
This setting is only available if normalization is on (see " Source Calibration Normalize
" on page 62).
The reference line defined by the reference value and reference position is similar to
the Reference Level defined in the "Amplitude" settings. However, this reference line
only affects the y-axis scaling in the diagram, it has no effect on the expected input
power level or the hardware settings.
The normalized trace (0 dB directly after calibration) is displayed on this reference line,
indicated by a red line in the diagram. If you shift the reference line, the normalized
trace is shifted, as well.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition on page 180
Reference Value
Defines the reference value to be displayed at the specified Result Frequency Start .
This setting can be used to shift the reference line and thus the normalized trace, simi-
lar to the Shifting the Display ( Offset ) defined in the "Amplitude" settings shifts the reference level in the display.
Shifting the normalized trace is useful, for example, to reflect an attenuation or gain
caused by the measured DUT. If you then zoom into the diagram around the normalized trace, the measured trace still remains fully visible.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RVALue
on page 155
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5.3.2 Output Settings
Access: [Input/Output] > "Output"
The R&S FSV/A can provide output to special connectors for other devices.
For details on connectors, refer to the R&S FSV/A Getting Started manual, "Front /
Rear Panel View" chapters.
How to provide trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R&S FSV/A User
Manual.
Configuration
Data Input and Output Settings
Noise Source Control....................................................................................................64
Noise Source Control
The R&S FSV/A provides a connector ("NOISE SOURCE CONTROL") with a 28 V
voltage supply for an external noise source. By switching the supply voltage for an
external noise source on or off in the firmware, you can enable or disable the device as
required.
External noise sources are useful when you are measuring power levels that fall below
the noise floor of the R&S FSV/A itself, for example when measuring the noise level of
an amplifier.
In this case, you can first connect an external noise source (whose noise power level is
known in advance) to the R&S FSV/A and measure the total noise power. From this
value you can determine the noise power of the R&S FSV/A. Then when you measure
the power level of the actual DUT, you can deduct the known noise level from the total
power to obtain the power level of the DUT.
Remote command:
DIAGnostic:SERVice:NSOurce on page 169
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5.4 Amplitude
Access: "Overview" > "Amplitude"
Amplitude settings are identical to the Spectrum application, except for a new scaling
function for I/Q Vector and Real/Imag results (see " Y-Axis Max " on page 70).
For background information on amplitude settings see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
5.4.1 Amplitude Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Amplitude"
Amplitude settings determine how the R&S FSV/A must process or display the expected input power levels.
Configuration
Amplitude
Reference Level
└ Shifting the Display ( Offset ).......................................................................... 66
└ Unit .................................................................................................................66
└ Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level )...............................67
RF Attenuation ............................................................................................................. 67
└ Attenuation Mode / Value ...............................................................................67
Using Electronic Attenuation ........................................................................................67
Input Settings ............................................................................................................... 68
└ Preamplifier ....................................................................................................68
...........................................................................................................66
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Reference Level
Defines the expected maximum reference level. Signal levels above this value may not
be measured correctly. This is indicated by an "IF Overload" status display.
The reference level can also be used to scale power diagrams; the reference level is
then used as the maximum on the y-axis.
Since the hardware of the R&S FSV/A is adapted according to this value, it is recommended that you set the reference level close above the expected maximum signal
level. Thus you ensure an optimum measurement (no compression, good signal-tonoise ratio).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel on page 174
Shifting the Display ( Offset ) ← Reference Level
Defines an arithmetic level offset. This offset is added to the measured level. In some
result displays, the scaling of the y-axis is changed accordingly.
Define an offset if the signal is attenuated or amplified before it is fed into the
R&S FSV/A so the application shows correct power results. All displayed power level
results are shifted by this value.
The setting range is ±200 dB in 0.01 dB steps.
Note, however, that the internal reference level (used to adjust the hardware settings to
the expected signal) ignores any "Reference Level Offset" . Thus, it is important to
keep in mind the actual power level the R&S FSV/A must handle. Do not rely on the
displayed reference level (internal reference level = displayed reference level - offset).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:OFFSet on page 174
Configuration
Amplitude
Unit ← Reference Level
The R&S FSV/A measures the signal voltage at the RF input.
In the default state, the level is displayed at a power level of 1 mW (= dBm). Via the
known input impedance (50 Ω or 75 Ω, see " Impedance " on page 52), conversion to
other units is possible.
The following units are available and directly convertible:
●
dBm
●
dBmV
●
dBμV
●
dBμA
●
dBpW
●
Volt
●
Ampere
●
Watt
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:IMPedance on page 141
CALCulate<n>:UNIT:POWer on page 173
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Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level ) ← Reference Level
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at
the R&S FSV/A for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators
are adjusted so the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and
clipping are minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the
R&S FSV/A.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation
level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease
the reference level in the same way.
You can change the measurement time for the level measurement if necessary (see "
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual )" on page 87).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 202
RF Attenuation
Defines the attenuation applied to the RF input of the R&S FSV/A.
Configuration
Amplitude
Attenuation Mode / Value ← RF Attenuation
The RF attenuation can be set automatically as a function of the selected reference
level (Auto mode). This ensures that no overload occurs at the RF Input connector for
the current reference level. It is the default setting.
By default and when no (optional) electronic attenuation is available, mechanical
attenuation is applied.
This function is not available for input from the optional Digital Baseband Interface.
In "Manual" mode, you can set the RF attenuation in 1 dB steps (down to 0 dB). Other
entries are rounded to the next integer value. The range is specified in the data sheet.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the defined RF attenuation, the reference level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed.
NOTICE! Risk of hardware damage due to high power levels. When decreasing the
attenuation manually, ensure that the power level does not exceed the maximum level
allowed at the RF input, as an overload may lead to hardware damage.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation on page 174
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO on page 175
Using Electronic Attenuation
If the (optional) Electronic Attenuation hardware is installed on the R&S FSV/A, you
can also activate an electronic attenuator.
In "Auto" mode, the settings are defined automatically; in "Manual" mode, you can
define the mechanical and electronic attenuation separately.
Note: Electronic attenuation is not available for stop frequencies (or center frequencies
in zero span) above 7 GHz.
In "Auto" mode, RF attenuation is provided by the electronic attenuator as much as
possible to reduce the amount of mechanical switching required. Mechanical attenuation may provide a better signal-to-noise ratio, however.
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When you switch off electronic attenuation, the RF attenuation is automatically set to
the same mode (auto/manual) as the electronic attenuation was set to. Thus, the RF
attenuation can be set to automatic mode, and the full attenuation is provided by the
mechanical attenuator, if possible.
The electronic attenuation can be varied in 1 dB steps. If the electronic attenuation is
on, the mechanical attenuation can be varied in 5 dB steps. Other entries are rounded
to the next lower integer value.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the given attenuation, the reference
level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed in the status
bar.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:EATT:STATe on page 177
INPut<ip>:EATT:AUTO on page 176
INPut<ip>:EATT on page 176
Input Settings
Some input settings affect the measured amplitude of the signal, as well.
The parameters "Input Coupling" and "Impedance" are identical to those in the "Input"
settings.
See Chapter 5.3.1, "Input Source Settings", on page 51.
Configuration
Amplitude
Preamplifier ← Input Settings
If the (optional) internal preamplifier hardware is installed, a preamplifier can be activated for the RF input signal.
You can use a preamplifier to analyze signals from DUTs with low output power.
For R&S FSV/A3004, 3007, 3013, and 3030 models, the following settings are availa-
ble:
"Off"
"15 dB"
"30 dB"
Deactivates the preamplifier.
The RF input signal is amplified by about 15 dB.
The RF input signal is amplified by about 30 dB.
For R&S FSV/A44 or higher models, the input signal is amplified by 30 dB if the preamplifier is activated. In this case, the preamplifier is only available under the following
conditions:
●
In zero span, the maximum center frequency is 43.5 GHz
●
For frequency spans, the maximum stop frequency is 43.5 GHz
●
For I/Q measurements, the maximum center frequency depends on the analysis
bandwidth:
≤
43.5 GHz - (<Analysis_bw> / 2)
f
center
If any of the conditions no longer apply after you change a setting, the preamplifier is
automatically deactivated.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe on page 178
INPut<ip>:GAIN[:VALue] on page 178
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5.4.2 Scaling the Y-Axis
The individual scaling settings that affect the vertical axis are described here.
Access: "Overview" > "Amplitude" > "Scale" tab
Or: [AMPT] > "Scale Config"
Configuration
Amplitude
Range ...........................................................................................................................69
Ref Level Position ........................................................................................................ 69
Scaling ......................................................................................................................... 70
Y-Axis Max ................................................................................................................... 70
Range
Defines the displayed y-axis range in dB.
The default value is 100 dB.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe] on page 179
Ref Level Position
Defines the reference level position, i.e. the position of the maximum AD converter
value on the level axis in %.
0 % corresponds to the lower and 100 % to the upper limit of the diagram.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RPOSition on page 180
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Scaling
Defines the scaling method for the y-axis.
"Logarithmic"
"Linear with
Unit"
"Linear Percent"
"Absolute"
"Relative"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y:SPACing on page 181
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MODE
on page 180
Configuration
Frequency Settings
Logarithmic scaling (only available for logarithmic units - dB..., and A,
V, Watt)
Linear scaling in the unit of the measured signal
Linear scaling in percentages from 0 to 100
The labeling of the level lines refers to the absolute value of the reference level (not available for "Linear Percent" )
The scaling is in dB, relative to the reference level (only available for
logarithmic units - dB...). The upper line of the grid (reference level) is
always at 0 dB.
Y-Axis Max
Defines the maximum value of the y-axis in the currently selected diagram in either
direction (in Volts). Thus, the y-axis scale starts at -<Y-Axis Max> and ends at +<Y-Axis
Max>.
This command is only available if the evaluation mode for the I/Q Analyzer is set to
"I/Q-Vector" or "Real/Imag (I/Q)" .
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe] on page 179
5.5 Frequency Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Frequency"
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Center Frequency ........................................................................................................ 71
Center Frequency Stepsize ..........................................................................................71
Frequency Offset ..........................................................................................................71
Center Frequency
Defines the center frequency of the signal in Hertz.
The allowed range of values for the center frequency depends on the frequency span.
span > 0: span
f
and span
max
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer on page 182
Center Frequency Stepsize
Defines the step size by which the center frequency is increased or decreased using
the arrow keys.
The step size can be coupled to another value or it can be manually set to a fixed
value.
"= Center"
"Manual"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP on page 182
Configuration
Trigger Settings
/2 ≤ f
min
depend on the instrument and are specified in the data sheet.
min
center
≤ f
– span
max
min
/2
Sets the step size to the value of the center frequency. The used
value is indicated in the "Value" field.
Defines a fixed step size for the center frequency. Enter the step size
in the "Value" field.
Frequency Offset
Shifts the displayed frequency range along the x-axis by the defined offset.
This parameter has no effect on the instrument's hardware, or on the captured data or
on data processing. It is simply a manipulation of the final results in which absolute frequency values are displayed. Thus, the x-axis of a spectrum display is shifted by a
constant offset if it shows absolute frequencies. However, if it shows frequencies relative to the signal's center frequency, it is not shifted.
A frequency offset can be used to correct the display of a signal that is slightly distorted
by the measurement setup, for example.
The allowed values range from -100 GHz to 100 GHz. The default setting is 0 Hz.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet on page 183
5.6 Trigger Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Trigger" ( > "Trigger In/Out" )
Trigger settings determine when the input signal is measured.
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External triggers from one of the "TRIGGER INPUT/OUTPUT" connectors on the
R&S FSV/A are configured in a separate tab of the dialog box.
Configuration
Trigger Settings
Conventional gating as in the Spectrum application is not available for the I/Q Analyzer; however, a special gating mode is available in remote control, see Chap-
ter 8.4.4.3, "Configuring I/Q Gating", on page 191.
For step-by-step instructions on configuring triggered measurements, see the
R&S FSV/A User Manual.
Trigger Source ..............................................................................................................73
└ Trigger Source ............................................................................................... 73
└ Free Run ..............................................................................................73
└ External Trigger 1/2.............................................................................. 73
└ IF Power .............................................................................................. 73
└ I/Q Power .............................................................................................74
└ Time .....................................................................................................74
└ Trigger Level ..................................................................................................74
└ Repetition Interval ..........................................................................................74
└ Drop-Out Time ............................................................................................... 74
└ Trigger Offset .................................................................................................75
└ Hysteresis ...................................................................................................... 75
└ Trigger Holdoff ............................................................................................... 75
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└ Slope ..............................................................................................................75
Trigger 1/2.....................................................................................................................76
└ Output Type ................................................................................................... 76
Trigger Source
The trigger settings define the beginning of a measurement.
Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Selects the trigger source. If a trigger source other than "Free Run" is set, "TRG" is displayed in the channel bar and the trigger source is indicated.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 187
Free Run ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
No trigger source is considered. Data acquisition is started manually or automatically
and continues until stopped explicitly.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IMM, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 187
Configuration
Trigger Settings
└ Level .................................................................................................... 77
└ Pulse Length ........................................................................................77
└ Send Trigger ........................................................................................77
External Trigger 1/2 ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Data acquisition starts when the TTL signal fed into the specified input connector
meets or exceeds the specified trigger level.
(See " Trigger Level " on page 74).
Note: The "External Trigger 1" softkey automatically selects the trigger signal from the
Trigger 1 Input / Output connector on the front panel.
In the I/Q Analyzer application, only "External Trigger 1" is supported.
For details, see the "Instrument Tour" chapter in the R&S FSV/A Getting Started manual.
"External Trigger 1"
Trigger signal from the Trigger 1 Input / Output connector.
"External Trigger 2"
Trigger signal from the Trigger 2 Input / Output connector.
Note: Connector must be configured for "Input" in the "Output" configuration
(See the R&S FSV/A User Manual).
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR EXT, TRIG:SOUR EXT2
See TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 187
IF Power ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
The R&S FSV/A starts capturing data as soon as the trigger level is exceeded around
the third intermediate frequency.
For frequency sweeps, the third IF represents the start frequency. The trigger bandwidth at the third IF depends on the RBW and sweep type.
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For measurements on a fixed frequency (e.g. zero span or I/Q measurements), the
third IF represents the center frequency.
This trigger source is only available for RF input.
The available trigger levels depend on the RF attenuation and preamplification. A refer-
ence level offset, if defined, is also considered.
For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths, see the data sheet.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IFP, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 187
I/Q Power ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
This trigger source is only available in the I/Q Analyzer application and in applications
that process I/Q data.
Triggers the measurement when the magnitude of the sampled I/Q data exceeds the
trigger threshold.
The trigger bandwidth corresponds to the bandwidth setting for I/Q data acquisition.
(See " Analysis Bandwidth " on page 79).
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IQP, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 187
Configuration
Trigger Settings
Time ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Triggers in a specified repetition interval.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR TIME, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 187
Trigger Level ← Trigger Source
Defines the trigger level for the specified trigger source.
For details on supported trigger levels, see the data sheet.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IFPower on page 186
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel:IQPower on page 186
TRIGger<tp>[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>] on page 185
Repetition Interval ← Trigger Source
Defines the repetition interval for a time trigger. The shortest interval is 2 ms.
The repetition interval should be set to the exact pulse period, burst length, frame
length or other repetitive signal characteristic.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:TIME:RINTerval on page 188
Drop-Out Time ← Trigger Source
Defines the time the input signal must stay below the trigger level before triggering
again.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe on page 184
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Trigger Offset ← Trigger Source
Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the sweep.
Offset > 0: Start of the sweep is delayed
Offset < 0: Sweep starts earlier (pretrigger)
Tip: To determine the trigger point in the sample (for "External" or "IF Power" trigger
source), use the TRACe:IQ:TPISample? command.
For the "Time" trigger source, this function is not available.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME] on page 184
Hysteresis ← Trigger Source
Defines the distance in dB to the trigger level that the trigger source must exceed
before a trigger event occurs. Setting a hysteresis avoids unwanted trigger events
caused by noise oscillation around the trigger level.
This setting is only available for "IF Power" trigger sources. The range of the value is
between 3 dB and 50 dB with a step width of 1 dB.
Configuration
Trigger Settings
Only possible for zero span (e.g. I/Q Analyzer application) and gated trigger switched off
Maximum allowed range limited by the sweep time:
Pretrigger
= sweep time
max
max
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis on page 185
Trigger Holdoff ← Trigger Source
Defines the minimum time (in seconds) that must pass between two trigger events.
Trigger events that occur during the holdoff time are ignored.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff on page 184
Slope ← Trigger Source
For all trigger sources except time, you can define whether triggering occurs when the
signal rises to the trigger level or falls down to it.
For gated measurements in "Edge" mode, the slope also defines whether the gate
starts on a falling or rising edge.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe on page 186
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Trigger 1/2
Defines the usage of the variable Trigger Input/Output connectors, where:
"Trigger 2" : Trigger Input/Output connector on the front panel
"Trigger 3" : Trigger 3 Input/Output connector on the rear panel
Defines the usage of the variable Trigger Aux connector on the rear panel.
(Trigger 1 is INPUT only.)
Note: Providing trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R&S FSV/A User
Manual.
"Input"
"Output"
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:DIRection on page 188
Configuration
Trigger Settings
The signal at the connector is used as an external trigger source by
the R&S FSV/A. Trigger input parameters are available in the "Trigger" dialog box.
The R&S FSV/A sends a trigger signal to the output connector to be
used by connected devices.
Further trigger parameters are available for the connector.
Output Type ← Trigger 1/2
Type of signal to be sent to the output
"Trigger Off"
"Device Triggered"
"Trigger
Armed"
Deactivates the output. (Only for Trigger 3, for which only output is
supported.)
(Default) Sends a trigger when the R&S FSV/A triggers.
Sends a (high level) trigger when the R&S FSV/A is in "Ready for trigger" state.
This state is indicated by a status bit in the STATus:OPERation register (bit 5), as well as by a low-level signal at the AUX port (pin 9).
For details, see the description of the STATus:OPERation register
in the R&S FSV/A User Manual and the description of the AUX port in
the R&S FSV/A Getting Started manual.
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Configuration
Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings
"User Defined"
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:OTYPe on page 189
Level ← Output Type ← Trigger 1/2
Defines whether a high (1) or low (0) constant signal is sent to the trigger output connector.
The trigger pulse level is always opposite to the constant signal level defined here. For
example, for "Level = High", a constant high signal is output to the connector until you
select the Send Trigger function. Then, a low pulse is provided.
Remote command:
OUTPut<up>:TRIGger<tp>:LEVel on page 189
Pulse Length ← Output Type ← Trigger 1/2
Defines the duration of the pulse (pulse width) sent as a trigger to the output connector.
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<tp>:PULSe:LENGth on page 190
Sends a trigger when you select the "Send Trigger" button.
In this case, further parameters are available for the output signal.
Send Trigger ← Output Type ← Trigger 1/2
Sends a user-defined trigger to the output connector immediately.
Note that the trigger pulse level is always opposite to the constant signal level defined
by the output Level setting. For example, for "Level" = "High", a constant high signal is
output to the connector until you select the "Send Trigger" function. Then, a low pulse
is sent.
Which pulse level will be sent is indicated by a graphic on the button.
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<tp>:PULSe:IMMediate on page 190
5.7 Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Bandwidth"
● Data Acquisition...................................................................................................... 78
● Sweep Settings....................................................................................................... 82
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5.7.1 Data Acquisition
Access: "Overview" > "Bandwidth" > "Data Acquisition" tab
The data acquisition settings define which parts of the input signal are captured for further evaluation in the applications.
Configuration
Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings
Figure 5-2: Data acquisition settings with advanced FFT parameters
The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in Chapter 8.4.5,
"Configuring Data Acquisition", on page 193.
Sample Rate ................................................................................................................ 79
Analysis Bandwidth ......................................................................................................79
Maximum Bandwidth ....................................................................................................79
Meas Time ....................................................................................................................79
Record Length ..............................................................................................................79
Swap I/Q ...................................................................................................................... 80
RBW .............................................................................................................................80
Advanced FFT mode / Basic Settings ..........................................................................81
└ Transformation Algorithm ...............................................................................81
└ FFT Length .................................................................................................... 81
└ Window Function ........................................................................................... 81
└ Window Overlap .............................................................................................81
└ Window Length .............................................................................................. 81
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Sample Rate
Defines the I/Q data sample rate of the R&S FSV/A. This value is dependent on the
defined Analysis Bandwidth and the defined signal source.
sample rate = analysis bandwidth / 0.8
For details on the dependencies see Chapter 4.1.1, "Sample Rate and Maximum Usa-
ble I/Q Bandwidth for RF Input", on page 18.
Remote command:
TRACe:IQ:SRATe on page 198
Analysis Bandwidth
Defines the flat, usable bandwidth of the final I/Q data. This value is dependent on the
defined Sample Rate and the defined signal source.
analysis bandwidth = 0.8 * sample rate
Remote command:
TRACe:IQ:BWIDth on page 196
Maximum Bandwidth
Defines the maximum bandwidth to be used by the R&S FSV/A for I/Q data acquisition.
Configuration
Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings
This setting is only available if a bandwidth extension option larger than 40 MHz is
installed, and only for sample rates (that is: <SymbolRate>*<CaptureOverview>) up to
128 MHz. Otherwise, the maximum bandwidth is determined automatically.
For details on the maximum bandwidth see Chapter 4.1.1, "Sample Rate and Maxi-
mum Usable I/Q Bandwidth for RF Input", on page 18.
"Auto"
"40 MHz"
"200 MHz"
Remote command:
TRACe:IQ:WBANd[:STATe] on page 199
TRACe:IQ:WBANd:MBWidth on page 199
Meas Time
Defines the I/Q acquisition time. By default, the measurement time is calculated as the
number of I/Q samples ( "Record Length" ) divided by the sample rate. If you change
the measurement time, the Record Length is automatically changed, as well.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:TIME on page 215
(Default) All installed bandwidth extension options are enabled. The
currently available maximum bandwidth is allowed.
(See Chapter 4.1.1, "Sample Rate and Maximum Usable I/Q Band-
width for RF Input", on page 18).
Restricts the analysis bandwidth to a maximum of 40 MHz.
Restricts the analysis bandwidth to a maximum of 200 MHz.
Record Length
Defines the number of I/Q samples to record. By default, the number of sweep points is
used. The record length is calculated as the measurement time multiplied by the sample rate. If you change the record length, the Meas Time is automatically changed, as
well.
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Note: For the I/Q vector result display, the number of I/Q samples to record ( "Record
Length" ) must be identical to the number of trace points to be displayed ("Sweep
Points"). Thus, the sweep points are not editable for this result display. If the "Record
Length" is edited, the sweep points are adapted automatically.
Remote command:
TRACe:IQ:RLENgth on page 196
TRACe:IQ:SET on page 197
Swap I/Q
Activates or deactivates the inverted I/Q modulation. If the I and Q parts of the signal
from the DUT are interchanged, the R&S FSV/A can do the same to compensate for it.
On I and Q signals are interchanged
Inverted sideband, Q+j*I
Off I and Q signals are not interchanged
Normal sideband, I+j*Q
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWAPiq on page 196
Configuration
Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings
RBW
Defines the resolution bandwidth for Spectrum results. The available RBW values
depend on the sample rate and record length.
(See Chapter 4.8.4, "Frequency Resolution of FFT Results - RBW", on page 42).
Depending on the selected RBW mode, the value is either determined automatically or
can be defined manually. As soon as you enter a value in the input field, the RBW
mode is changed to "Manual" .
If the "Advanced Fourier Transformation Params" option is enabled, advanced FFT
mode is selected and the RBW cannot be defined directly.
Note that the RBW is correlated with the Sample Rate and Record Length (and possibly the Window Function and Window Length ). Changing any one of these parameters
may cause a change to one or more of the other parameters. For more information see
Chapter 4.8, "Basics on FFT", on page 38.
"Auto mode"
(Default) The RBW is determined automatically depending on the
Sample Rate and Record Length .
"Manual mode"
The RBW can be defined by the user.
The user-defined RBW is used and the Window Length (and possibly
Sample Rate ) are adapted accordingly.
"Advanced
FFT mode"
This mode is used if the "Advanced Fourier Transformation Params"
option is enabled.
The RBW is determined by the advanced FFT parameters.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:BWIDth:MODE on page 193
[SENSe:]IQ:BWIDth:RESolution on page 194
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Advanced FFT mode / Basic Settings
Shows or hides the "Advanced Fourier Transformation" parameters in the "Data Acquisition" dialog box.
Note that if the advanced FFT mode is used, the RBW settings are not available.
Transformation Algorithm ← Advanced FFT mode / Basic Settings
Defines the FFT calculation method.
"Single"
"Averaging"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:FFT:ALGorithm on page 194
Configuration
Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings
One FFT is calculated for the entire record length; if the FFT Length
is larger than the record length, zeros are appended to the captured
data.
Several overlapping FFTs are calculated for each record; the results
are combined to determine the final FFT result for the record. The
number of FFTs to be averaged is determined by the Window Overlap
and the Window Length .
FFT Length ← Advanced FFT mode / Basic Settings
Defines the number of frequency points determined by each FFT calculation. The more
points are used, the higher the resolution in the spectrum becomes, but the longer the
calculation takes.
Note: If you enter the value manually, any integer value from 3 to 524288 is available.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:FFT:LENGth on page 195
Window Function ← Advanced FFT mode / Basic Settings
In the I/Q analyzer you can select one of several FFT window types.
The following window types are available:
●
Blackman-Harris
●
Flattop
●
Gauss
●
Rectangular
●
5-Term
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:FFT:WINDow:TYPE on page 195
Window Overlap ← Advanced FFT mode / Basic Settings
Defines the part of a single FFT window that is re-calculated by the next FFT calculation when using multiple FFT windows.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:FFT:WINDow:OVERlap on page 195
Window Length ← Advanced FFT mode / Basic Settings
Defines the number of samples to be included in a single FFT window in averaging
mode. (In single mode, the window length corresponds to the " Record Length "
on page 79.)
However, the window length may not be longer than the FFT Length .
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Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:FFT:WINDow:LENGth on page 195
5.7.2 Sweep Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Bandwidth" > "Sweep" tab
Configuration
Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings
Sweep Points................................................................................................................ 82
Sweep/Average Count ................................................................................................. 83
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont .....................................................................................83
Single Sweep / Run Single ...........................................................................................83
Continue Single Sweep ................................................................................................84
Select Frame.................................................................................................................84
Continue Frame ........................................................................................................... 84
Frame Count ................................................................................................................ 85
Clear Spectrogram .......................................................................................................85
Sweep Points
In the I/Q Analyzer application, a specific frequency bandwidth is swept for a specified
measurement time. During this time, a defined number of samples (= "Record
Length" ) are captured. These samples are then evaluated by the applications. Therefore, in this case the number of sweep points does not define the amount of data to be
acquired, but rather the number of trace points that are evaluated and displayed in the
result diagrams.
Note: As opposed to previous versions of the I/Q Analyzer, the sweep settings are now
window-specific.
For some result displays, the sweep points may not be editable as they are determined
automatically, or restrictions may apply. For the I/Q vector result display, the number of
I/Q samples to record ( "Record Length" ) must be identical to the number of trace
points to be displayed ("Sweep Points"). Thus, the sweep points are not editable for
this result display. If the "Record Length" is edited, the sweep points are adapted automatically. For record lengths outside the valid range of sweep points, i.e. less than 101
points or more than 100001 points, the diagram does not show valid results.
Using fewer than 4096 sweep points with a detector other than "Auto Peak" may lead
to wrong level results. For details see "Combining results - trace detector" on page 40.
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Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep[:WINDow<n>]:POINts on page 215
Sweep/Average Count
Defines the number of sweeps to be performed in the single sweep mode. Values from
0 to 200000 are allowed. If the values 0 or 1 are set, one sweep is performed.
The sweep count is applied to all the traces in all diagrams.
If the trace modes "Average" , "Max Hold" or "Min Hold" are set, this value also deter-
mines the number of averaging or maximum search procedures.
In continuous sweep mode, if "Sweep Count" = 0 (default), averaging is performed
over 10 sweeps. For "Sweep Count" =1, no averaging, maxhold or minhold operations
are performed.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt on page 214
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont
After triggering, starts the sweep and repeats it continuously until stopped. This is the
default setting.
After triggering, starts the measurement and repeats it continuously until stopped.
While the measurement is running, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
CONT] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the
highlighted softkey or key again. The results are not deleted until a new measurement
is started.
Note: Sequencer. If the Sequencer is active, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey only controls the sweep mode for the currently selected channel. However, the sweep mode
only takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a
channel-defined sequence. In this case, a channel in continuous sweep mode is swept
repeatedly.
If the Sequencer is active in MSRT mode, the "Continuous Sweep" function does not
start data capturing. It merely affects trace averaging over multiple sequences. In this
case, trace averaging is performed.
Furthermore, the [RUN CONT] key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps.
[RUN CONT] starts the Sequencer in continuous mode.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 212
Configuration
Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings
Single Sweep / Run Single
After triggering, starts the number of sweeps set in "Sweep Count". The measurement
stops after the defined number of sweeps has been performed.
While the measurement is running, the "Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN SINGLE]
key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again.
Note: Sequencer. If the Sequencer is active, the "Single Sweep" softkey only controls
the sweep mode for the currently selected channel. However, the sweep mode only
takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a chan-
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nel-defined sequence. In this case, the Sequencer sweeps a channel in single sweep
mode only once.
Furthermore, the [RUN SINGLE] key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps.
[RUN SINGLE] starts the Sequencer in single mode.
If the Sequencer is off, only the evaluation for the currently displayed channel is updated.
For details on the Sequencer, see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] on page 213
Continue Single Sweep
After triggering, repeats the number of sweeps set in "Sweep Count", without deleting
the trace of the last measurement.
While the measurement is running, the "Continue Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
SINGLE] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting
the highlighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONMeas on page 211
Configuration
Data Acquisition and Bandwidth Settings
Select Frame
Selects a specific frame, loads the corresponding trace from the memory, and displays
it in the Spectrum window.
Note that activating a marker or changing the position of the active marker automatically selects the frame that belongs to that marker.
This function is only available in single sweep mode or if the sweep is stopped, and
only if a spectrogram is selected.
The most recent frame is number 0, all previous frames have a negative number.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:FRAMe:SELect on page 225
Continue Frame
Determines whether the results of the previous sweeps are included in the analysis of
the next sweeps for trace modes "Max Hold" , "Min Hold" , and "Average" .
This function is available in single sweep mode only.
●
On
When the average or peak values are determined for the new sweep, the results of
the previous sweeps in the spectrogram are also taken into account.
●
Off
The average or peak values are determined from the results of the newly swept
frames only.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:CONTinuous on page 224
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Frame Count
Determines how many frames are plotted during a single sweep (as opposed to a continuous sweep). The maximum number of possible frames depends on the history
depth (see " History Depth " on page 94).
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:FRAMe:COUNt on page 224
Clear Spectrogram
Resets the spectrogram result display and clears the history buffer.
This function is only available if a spectrogram is selected.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:CLEar[:IMMediate] on page 224
5.8 Display Configuration
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
Configuration
Adjusting Settings Automatically
The captured signal can be displayed using various evaluation methods. All evaluation
methods available for the current application are displayed in the evaluation bar in
SmartGrid mode.
For a description of the available evaluation methods see Chapter 3, "Measurement
and Result Displays", on page 13.
Up to 6 evaluations can be displayed in the I/Q Analyzer at any time, including several
graphical diagrams, marker tables or peak lists.
The selected evaluation method not only affects the result display in a window, but also
the results of the trace data query in remote control (see TRACe<n>[:DATA]
on page 269).
5.9 Adjusting Settings Automatically
Some settings can be adjusted by the R&S FSV/A automatically according to the current measurement settings. In order to do so, a measurement is performed. The duration of this measurement can be defined automatically or manually.
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Adjusting settings automatically during triggered measurements
When you select an auto adjust function, a measurement is performed to determine
the optimal settings. If you select an auto adjust function for a triggered measurement,
you are asked how the R&S FSV/A should behave:
●
(default:) The measurement for adjustment waits for the next trigger
●
The measurement for adjustment is performed without waiting for a trigger.
The trigger source is temporarily set to "Free Run" . After the measurement is completed, the original trigger source is restored. The trigger level is adjusted as follows:
– For IF Power and RF Power triggers:
Trigger Level = Reference Level - 15 dB
– For Video trigger:
Trigger Level = 85 %
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:TRIGger on page 202
Configuration
Adjusting Settings Automatically
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically ( Auto All )...................................... 86
Adjusting the Center Frequency Automatically ( Auto Frequency ).............................. 86
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level ).............................................87
Resetting the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Auto )...................................87
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual ).............................. 87
Upper Level Hysteresis ................................................................................................87
Lower Level Hysteresis ................................................................................................88
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically ( Auto All )
Activates all automatic adjustment functions for the current measurement settings.
This includes:
●
Auto Frequency
●
Auto Level
Note: Auto measurement. For some measurements, the Adjusting all Determinable
Settings Automatically ( Auto All ) function determines the required measurement
parameters automatically. In this case, the progress of the auto measurement is indicated in a message box.
See the R&S FSV3000/ FSVA3000 base unit user manual.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:ALL on page 200
Adjusting the Center Frequency Automatically ( Auto Frequency )
The R&S FSV/A adjusts the center frequency automatically.
The optimum center frequency is the frequency with the highest S/N ratio in the fre-
quency span. As this function uses the signal counter, it is intended for use with sinusoidal signals.
At the same time, the optimal reference level is also set (see " Setting the Reference
Level Automatically ( Auto Level )" on page 67).
This function is not available for input from the optional Digital Baseband Interface.
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Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:FREQuency on page 202
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level )
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at
the R&S FSV/A for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators
are adjusted so the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and
clipping are minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the
R&S FSV/A.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation
level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease
the reference level in the same way.
You can change the measurement time for the level measurement if necessary (see "
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual )" on page 87).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 202
Configuration
Adjusting Settings Automatically
Resetting the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Auto )
Resets the measurement duration for automatic settings to the default value.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:DURation:MODE on page 201
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual )
This function allows you to change the measurement duration for automatic setting
adjustments. Enter the value in seconds.
Note: The maximum possible measurement duration depends on the currently
selected measurement and the installed (optional) hardware. Thus, the measurement
duration actually used to determine the automatic settings may be shorter than the
value you define here.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:DURation:MODE on page 201
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:DURation on page 200
Upper Level Hysteresis
When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function, the
internal attenuators and the preamplifier are also adjusted. To avoid frequent adaptation due to small changes in the input signal, you can define a hysteresis. This setting
defines an upper threshold the signal must exceed (compared to the last measurement) before the reference level is adapted automatically.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:UPPer on page 201
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Lower Level Hysteresis
When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function, the
internal attenuators and the preamplifier are also adjusted. To avoid frequent adaptation due to small changes in the input signal, you can define a hysteresis. This setting
defines a lower threshold the signal must fall below (compared to the last measurement) before the reference level is adapted automatically.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:LOWer on page 201
Configuration
Adjusting Settings Automatically
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6 Analysis
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis"
General result analysis settings concerning the trace, markers etc. are identical to the
analysis functions in the Spectrum application, except for the lines and special marker
functions, which are not available for I/Q data.
The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in Chapter 6,
"Analysis", on page 89.
● Trace Settings.........................................................................................................89
● Spectrogram Settings..............................................................................................93
● Trace / Data Export Configuration...........................................................................97
● Marker Usage........................................................................................................100
6.1 Trace Settings
Analysis
Trace Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Traces"
Or: [TRACE] > "Trace Config"
You can configure the settings for up to 6 individual traces.
Trace data can also be exported to an ASCII file for further analysis. For details see
Chapter 6.3, "Trace / Data Export Configuration", on page 97.
For I/Q Vector evaluation mode, only 1 trace is available and the detector is not editable.
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Trace 1 / Trace 2 / Trace 3 / Trace 4 / Trace 5 / Trace 6 ..............................................90
Trace Mode ..................................................................................................................90
Detector ........................................................................................................................90
Hold ..............................................................................................................................91
Smoothing ....................................................................................................................91
Average Mode ..............................................................................................................91
Predefined Trace Settings - Quick Config ....................................................................92
Trace 1 / Trace 2 / Trace 3 / Trace 4 (Softkeys)............................................................92
Copy Trace ...................................................................................................................92
Trace 1 / Trace 2 / Trace 3 / Trace 4 / Trace 5 / Trace 6
Selects the corresponding trace for configuration. The currently selected trace is highlighted.
Remote command:
Selected via numeric suffix of:TRACe<1...6> commands
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>[:STATe] on page 219
Trace Mode
Defines the update mode for subsequent traces.
"Clear/ Write"
"Max Hold"
"Min Hold"
"Average"
"View"
"Blank"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:MODE on page 217
Analysis
Trace Settings
Overwrite mode (default): the trace is overwritten by each sweep.
The maximum value is determined over several sweeps and dis-
played. The R&S FSV/A saves each trace point in the trace memory
only if the new value is greater than the previous one.
The minimum value is determined from several measurements and
displayed. The R&S FSV/A saves each trace point in the trace memory only if the new value is lower than the previous one.
The average is formed over several sweeps.
The Sweep/Average Count determines the number of averaging procedures.
The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed.
Removes the selected trace from the display.
Detector
Defines the trace detector to be used for trace analysis.
The trace detector is used to combine multiple FFT window results to create the final
spectrum. (Note: in previous versions of the R&S FSV/A, the I/Q Analyzer always used
the linear average detector.) If necessary, the trace detector is also used to reduce the
number of calculated frequency points (defined by the FFT length) to the defined number of sweep points. By default, the Autopeak trace detector is used.
"Auto"
"Type"
Selects the optimum detector for the selected trace and filter mode.
This is the default setting.
Defines the selected detector type.
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Remote command:
[SENSe:][WINDow<n>:]DETector<t>[:FUNCtion] on page 221
[SENSe:][WINDow<n>:]DETector<t>[:FUNCtion]:AUTO on page 221
Hold
If activated, traces in "Min Hold" , "Max Hold" and "Average" mode are not reset after
specific parameter changes have been made.
Normally, the measurement is started again after parameter changes, before the measurement results are analyzed (e.g. using a marker). In all cases that require a new
measurement after parameter changes, the trace is reset automatically to avoid false
results (e.g. with span changes). For applications that require no reset after parameter
changes, the automatic reset can be switched off.
The default setting is off.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:MODE:HCONtinuous
on page 218
Smoothing
If enabled, the trace is smoothed by the specified value (between 1 % and 50 %). The
smoothing value is defined as a percentage of the display width. The larger the
smoothing value, the greater the smoothing effect.
For more information see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
Analysis
Trace Settings
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:SMOothing[:STATe]
on page 220
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:SMOothing:APERture
on page 220
Average Mode
Defines the mode with which the trace is averaged over several sweeps.
This setting is generally applicable if trace mode "Average" is selected. For FFT
sweeps, the setting also affects the VBW (regardless of whether or not the trace is
averaged).
(See the chapter on ACLR power measurements in the R&S FSV/A User Manual.)
How many sweeps are averaged is defined by the " Sweep/Average Count "
on page 83.
"Linear"
"Logarithmic"
The power level values are converted into linear units prior to averaging. After the averaging, the data is converted back into its original
unit.
For logarithmic scaling, the values are averaged in dBm. For linear
scaling, the behavior is the same as with linear averaging.
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Analysis
Trace Settings
"Power"
Activates linear power averaging.
The power level values are converted into unit Watt prior to averaging. After the averaging, the data is converted back into its original
unit.
Use this mode to average power values in Volts or Amperes correctly.
In particular, for small VBW values (smaller than the RBW), use
power averaging mode for correct power measurements in FFT
sweep mode.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]AVERage<n>:TYPE on page 220
Predefined Trace Settings - Quick Config
Commonly required trace settings have been predefined and can be applied very
quickly by selecting the appropriate button.
Function Trace Settings
Preset All Traces Trace 1: Clear Write
Traces 2-6: Blank
Set Trace Mode
Max | Avg | Min
Trace 1: Max Hold
Trace 2: Average
Trace 3: Min Hold
Traces 4-6: Blank
Set Trace Mode
Max | ClrWrite | Min
Trace 1: Max Hold
Trace 2: Clear Write
Trace 3: Min Hold
Traces 4-6: Blank
Trace 1 / Trace 2 / Trace 3 / Trace 4 (Softkeys)
Displays the "Traces" settings and focuses the "Mode" list for the selected trace.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>[:STATe] on page 219
Copy Trace
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Traces" > "Copy Trace"
Copies trace data to another trace.
The first group of buttons (labeled "Trace 1" to "Trace 6" ) selects the source trace. The
second group of buttons (labeled "Copy to Trace 1" to "Copy to Tace 6" ) selects the
destination.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>:COPY on page 222
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6.2 Spectrogram Settings
Access: [TRACE] > "Spectrogram Config"
The individual settings available for spectrogram display are described here. For settings on color mapping, see Chapter 6.2.2, "Color Map Settings", on page 96.
Settings concerning the frames and how they are handled during a sweep are provided
as additional sweep settings for spectrogram display.
See Chapter 5.7.2, "Sweep Settings", on page 82.
Search functions for spectrogram markers are described in Chapter 6.4.2.2, "Marker
Search Settings for Spectrograms", on page 109.
● General Spectrogram Settings................................................................................93
● Color Map Settings..................................................................................................96
6.2.1 General Spectrogram Settings
Analysis
Spectrogram Settings
Access: [TRACE] > "Spectrogram Config"
This section describes general settings for spectrogram display.
State..............................................................................................................................94
3D Spectrogram State...................................................................................................94
Select Frame.................................................................................................................94
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History Depth ............................................................................................................... 94
3-D Display Depth.........................................................................................................94
Time Stamp ..................................................................................................................95
Color Mapping ..............................................................................................................95
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont .....................................................................................95
Single Sweep / Run Single ...........................................................................................95
Clear Spectrogram .......................................................................................................96
State
Activates and deactivates a Spectrogram subwindow.
"Off"
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:LAYout on page 226
3D Spectrogram State
Activates and deactivates a 3-dimensional spectrogram. As opposed to the common 2dimensional spectrogram, the power is not only indicated by a color mapping, but also
in a third dimension, the z-axis.
For details see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
Analysis
Spectrogram Settings
Closes the Spectrogram subwindow.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:THReedim[:STATe] on page 226
Select Frame
Selects a specific frame, loads the corresponding trace from the memory, and displays
it in the Spectrum window.
Note that activating a marker or changing the position of the active marker automatically selects the frame that belongs to that marker.
This function is only available in single sweep mode or if the sweep is stopped, and
only if a spectrogram is selected.
The most recent frame is number 0, all previous frames have a negative number.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:FRAMe:SELect on page 225
History Depth
Sets the number of frames that the R&S FSV/A stores in its memory.
The maximum number of frames depends on the "Sweep Points" on page 82.
For an overview of the maximum number of frames depending on the number of
sweep points, see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
If the memory is full, the R&S FSV/A deletes the oldest frames stored in the memory
and replaces them with the new data.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:HDEPth on page 225
3-D Display Depth
Defines the number of frames displayed in a 3-dimensional spectrogram.
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For details see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
Time Stamp
Activates and deactivates the timestamp. The timestamp shows the system time while
the measurement is running. In single sweep mode or if the sweep is stopped, the
timestamp shows the time and date of the end of the sweep.
When active, the timestamp replaces the display of the frame number.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:TSTamp[:STATe] on page 228
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:TSTamp:DATA? on page 227
Color Mapping
Opens the "Color Mapping" dialog.
For details see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont
After triggering, starts the sweep and repeats it continuously until stopped. This is the
default setting.
After triggering, starts the measurement and repeats it continuously until stopped.
While the measurement is running, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
CONT] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the
highlighted softkey or key again. The results are not deleted until a new measurement
is started.
Note: Sequencer. If the Sequencer is active, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey only controls the sweep mode for the currently selected channel. However, the sweep mode
only takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a
channel-defined sequence. In this case, a channel in continuous sweep mode is swept
repeatedly.
If the Sequencer is active in MSRT mode, the "Continuous Sweep" function does not
start data capturing. It merely affects trace averaging over multiple sequences. In this
case, trace averaging is performed.
Furthermore, the [RUN CONT] key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps.
[RUN CONT] starts the Sequencer in continuous mode.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 212
Analysis
Spectrogram Settings
Single Sweep / Run Single
After triggering, starts the number of sweeps set in "Sweep Count". The measurement
stops after the defined number of sweeps has been performed.
While the measurement is running, the "Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN SINGLE]
key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again.
Note: Sequencer. If the Sequencer is active, the "Single Sweep" softkey only controls
the sweep mode for the currently selected channel. However, the sweep mode only
takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a channel-defined sequence. In this case, the Sequencer sweeps a channel in single sweep
mode only once.
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Furthermore, the [RUN SINGLE] key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps.
[RUN SINGLE] starts the Sequencer in single mode.
If the Sequencer is off, only the evaluation for the currently displayed channel is updated.
For details on the Sequencer, see the R&S FSV/A User Manual.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] on page 213
Clear Spectrogram
Resets the spectrogram result display and clears the history buffer.
This function is only available if a spectrogram is selected.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:SPECtrogram:CLEar[:IMMediate] on page 224
6.2.2 Color Map Settings
Analysis
Spectrogram Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Traces" > "Spectrogram" > "Color Mapping"
or: [TRACE] > "Spectrogram Config" > "Color Mapping"
In addition to the available color settings, the dialog box displays the current color map
and provides a preview of the display with the current settings.
Figure 6-1: Color Mapping dialog box
1 = Color map: shows the current color distribution
2 = Preview pane: shows a preview of the spectrogram with any changes that you make to the color
scheme
3 = Color curve pane: graphical representation of all settings available to customize the color scheme
4/5 = Color range start and stop sliders: define the range of the color map or amplitudes for the spectrogram
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6 = Color curve slider: adjusts the focus of the color curve
7 = Histogram: shows the distribution of measured values
8 = Scale of the horizontal axis (value range)
Start / Stop ................................................................................................................... 97
Shape ...........................................................................................................................97
Hot / Cold / Radar / Grayscale ..................................................................................... 97
Auto ..............................................................................................................................97
Set to Default ............................................................................................................... 97
Close.............................................................................................................................97
Start / Stop
Defines the lower and upper boundaries of the value range of the spectrogram.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SPECtrogram:COLor:LOWer on page 228
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SPECtrogram:COLor:UPPer on page 229
Shape
Defines the shape and focus of the color curve for the spectrogram result display.
"-1 to <0"
"0"
">0 to 1"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SPECtrogram:COLor:SHAPe on page 229
Analysis
Trace / Data Export Configuration
More colors are distributed among the lower values
Colors are distributed linearly among the values
More colors are distributed among the higher values
Hot / Cold / Radar / Grayscale
Sets the color scheme for the spectrogram.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SPECtrogram:COLor[:STYLe] on page 230
Auto
Defines the color range automatically according to the existing measured values for
optimized display.
Set to Default
Sets the color mapping to the default settings.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SPECtrogram:COLor:DEFault on page 228
Close
Saves the changes and closes the dialog box.
6.3 Trace / Data Export Configuration
Access: "Save" > "Export" > "Trace Export Configuration"
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Or: [TRACE] > "Trace Config" > "Trace / Data Export"
The R&S FSV/A provides various evaluation methods for the results of the performed
measurements. However, you may want to evaluate the data with other, external applications. In this case, you can export the measurement data to an ASCII file.
The standard data management functions (e.g. saving or loading instrument settings)
that are available for all R&S FSV/A applications are not described here.
Analysis
Trace / Data Export Configuration
Export all Traces and all Table Results ........................................................................ 98
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings ............................................................... 98
Trace to Export .............................................................................................................99
Decimal Separator ....................................................................................................... 99
Export Trace to ASCII File ............................................................................................99
└ File Type ...................................................................................................... 100
└ Decimal Separator ....................................................................................... 100
Export Spectrogram to ASCII File ..............................................................................100
Export all Traces and all Table Results
Selects all displayed traces and result tables (e.g. Result Summary, marker table etc.)
in the current application for export to an ASCII file.
Alternatively, you can select one specific trace only for export (see Trace to Export ).
The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window
by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:TRACes on page 272
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings
Includes additional instrument and measurement settings in the header of the export
file for result data.
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Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:HEADer on page 272
Trace to Export
Defines an individual trace to be exported to a file.
This setting is not available if Export all Traces and all Table Results is selected.
Decimal Separator
Defines the decimal separator for floating-point numerals for the data export/import
files. Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator on page 271
Export Trace to ASCII File
Saves the selected trace or all traces in the currently active result display to the specified file and directory in the selected ASCII format.
Analysis
Trace / Data Export Configuration
Note: Secure user mode.
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In secure user mode, settings that are stored on the instrument are stored to volatile
memory, which is restricted to 256 MB. Thus, a "memory limit reached" error can occur
although the hard disk indicates that storage space is still available.
To store data permanently, select an external storage location such as a USB memory
device.
For details, see "Protecting Data Using the Secure User Mode" in the "Data Management" section of the R&S FSV3000/ FSVA3000 base unit user manual.
Remote command:
MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe on page 273
File Type ← Export Trace to ASCII File
Determines the format of the ASCII file to be imported or exported.
Depending on the external program in which the data file was created or is evaluated,
a comma-separated list (CSV) or a plain data format (DAT) file is required.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:FORMat on page 271
Analysis
Marker Usage
Decimal Separator ← Export Trace to ASCII File
Defines the decimal separator for floating-point numerals for the data export/import
files. Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator on page 271
Export Spectrogram to ASCII File
Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected spectrogram in ASCII format
(.dat) to the specified file and directory.
If the spectrogram display is selected when you perform this function, the entire histogram buffer with all frames is exported to a file. The data corresponding to a particular
frame begins with information about the frame number and the time that frame was
recorded. For large history buffers the export operation can take some time.
For details on the file format, see the R&S FSV3000/ FSVA3000 base unit user manual.
Remote command:
MMEMory:STORe<n>:SPECtrogram on page 272
6.4 Marker Usage
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis"
The following marker settings and functions are available in the I/Q Analyzer application.
For "I/Q-Vector" displays markers are not available.
100User Manual 1178.8536.02 ─ 01
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