ROPEX RES-403 technology data

RESISTRON
GB
RES-403
Operating
Instructions
Important features
Automatic zero calibration (AUTOCAL)
Automatic optimization (AUTOTUNE)
Automatic configuration of the secondary voltage and current ranges (AUTORANGE, as of October 2005)
Automatic phase angle compensation (AUTOCOMP, as of October 2005)
Automatic frequency adjustment
Large current and voltage range
Set point selection with potentiometer
0…10VDC analog output for ACTUAL temperature
Activated with contact or 24VDC signal
Alarm function with fault diagnosis
Heatsealing band alloy and temperature range selectable
19.11.07
Industrie-Elektronik GmbH Tel: +49/(0)7142/7776-0 E-Mail: info@ropex.de Gansäcker 21 Fax: +49/(0)7142/7776-19 Internet: www.ropex.de D-74321-Bietigheim-Bissingen (Germany) Data subject to change

Contents

1 Safety and warning notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Heatsealing band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Impulse transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Current transformer PEX-W2/-W3 . . . . 3
1.5 Line filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.6 Warranty provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.7 Standards / CE marking . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Principle of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Description of the controller . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5 Accessories and modifications . . . . . . . . . 6
5.1 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.2 Modifications (MODs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6 Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7 Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8.1 Installation procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8.2 Installation steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.3 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.4 Line filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8.5 Current transformer PEX-W3 . . . . . . 14
8.6 Wiring diagram (Standard) . . . . . . . . 15
8.7 Wiring diagram with booster
connection (MOD 26) . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.8 Wiring diagram with "Temp­erature reached" signal (MOD 40)
or „Temp. OK“ signal (MOD 46) . . . . 17
8.9 Startup and operation . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.10 View of the controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.11 Controller configuration . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.12 Replacing and "burning in" the heat-
sealing band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.13 Startup procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9 Controller functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
9.1 Indicators and controls . . . . . . . . . . . 23
9.2 Temperature setting
(set point selection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9.3 Temperature indication (actual value
output) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
9.4 Automatic zero calibration
(AUTOCAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9.5 "START" signal (HEAT) . . . . . . . . . . . 27
9.6 Measuring impulse duration
(as of October 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
9.7 Automatic phase angle compensation (AUTOCOMP)
(as of October 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
9.8 Temperature diagnosis
(as of October 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
9.9 Heatup timeout
(as of October 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
9.10 Diagnostic interface/visualization software
(as of October 2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
9.11 System monitoring/alarm output . . . . 30
9.12 Error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
9.13 Fault areas and causes . . . . . . . . . . . 36
10 Factory settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
12 How to order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
13 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Page 2 RES-403
Safety and warning notes

1 Safety and warning notes

This RESISTRON temperature controller is manufactured according to DIN EN 61010-1. In the course of its manufacture it passed through quality assurance, whereby it was subjected to extensive inspections and tests. It left the factory in perfect condition. The recommendations and warning notes contained in these operating instructions must be complied with, in order to guarantee safe operation. The device can be operated within the limits indicated in the "Technical Data" without impairing its operational safety. Installation and maintenance may only be performed by technically trained, skilled persons who are familiar with the associated risks and warranty provisions.

1.1 Use

RESISTRON temperature controllers may only be used for heating and temperature control of heatsealing bands which are expressly suitable for them, and providing the regulations, notes and warnings contained in these instructions are complied with.
In case of non-compliance or use contrary to
!
the intended purpose, there is a risk that safety will be impaired or that the heatsealing band, electrical wiring, transformer etc. will overheat. Ensuring such compliance is the personal responsibility of the user.
The RESISTRON temperature controller must be set and coded according to the temperature coefficient of the heatsealing band.
The use of incorrect alloys with a too low
!
temperature coefficient and incorrect coding of the RESISTRON temperature controller lead to uncontrolled heating and ultimately to burn-out of the heatsealing band!
The heatsealing bands that were originally supplied must be identified by detail specification, part number or some other means that will assure that replacement bands are identical.

1.3 Impulse transformer

A suitable impulse transformer is necessary to ensure that the control loop functions perfectly. This transformer must be designed according to VDE 0570/ EN 61558 (isolating transformer with reinforced insulation) and have a one section bobbin. When the impulse transformer is installed, suitable shock protection must be provided in accordance with the national installation regulations for electrical equipment. In addition, water, cleaning solutions and conductive fluids must be prevented from seeping into the transformer.
Incorrect installation of the impulse
!
transformer impairs electrical safety.

1.2 Heatsealing band

A basic prerequisite for reliable and safe operation of the system is the use of suitable heatsealing bands.
The resistance of the heatsealing band which
!
is used must have a positive minimum temperature coefficient in order to guarantee trouble-free operation of the RESISTRON temperature controller.
The temperature coefficient must be specified as follows:
TCR 104–×10 K
e.g. Alloy-20: TCR = 1100 ppm/K
NOREX: TCR = 3500 ppm/K
1–
RES-403 Page 3

1.4 Current transformer PEX-W2/-W3

The current transformer supplied with the RESISTRON temperature controller is an integral part of the control system.
Only the original ROPEX PEX-W2 or PEX-W3
!
current transformer may be used. Other transformers may cause the equipment to malfunction.
The current transformer may only be operated if it is connected to the RESISTRON temperature controller correctly (see section 9, "Startup and operation"). The relevant safety instructions contained in section 8.3, "Power supply", must be obeyed. External monitoring modules can be used in order to additionally increase
Application
operating safety. They are not included in the scope of supply of the standard control system and are described in a separate document.

1.5 Line filter

The use of an original ROPEX line filter is mandatory in order to comply with the standards and provisions mentioned in section 1.7 "Standards / CE marking" on page 4. This device must be installed and connected according to the instructions contained in section 8.3, "Power supply" as well as the separate documentation enclosed with the line filter.

1.6 Warranty provisions

The statutory provisions for warranties apply for a period of 12 months following the delivery date. All devices are tested and calibrated in the factory. Devices that have been damaged due to faulty connections, dropping, electrical overloading, natural wear, incorrect or negligent handling, chemical influences or mechanical overloading as well as devices that have been modified, relabeled or otherwise altered by the customer, for example in an attempt to repair them or install additional components, are excluded from the warranty. Warranty claims must be examined in the factory and approved by ROPEX.

1.7 Standards / CE marking

The controller described here complies with the following standards, provisions and directives:
DIN EN 61010-1 (VDE 0411-1)
DIN EN 60204-1 Electrical equipment of machines
EN 50081-1 EMC interference emissions
EN 50082-2 EMC interference immunity:
Compliance with these standards and provisions is only guaranteed if original accessories and/or peripheral components approved by ROPEX are used. If not, then the equipment is operated on the user's own responsibility. The CE marking on the controller confirms that the device itself complies with the above-mentioned standards. It does not imply, however, that the overall system also fulfils these standards. It is the responsibility of the machine manufacturer and of the user to verify the completely installed, wired and operationally ready system in the machine with regard to its conformity with the safety provisions and the EMC directive (see also section 8.3, "Power supply"). If peripheral components (e.g. the transformer or the line filter) from other manufacturers are used, no functional guarantee can be provided by ROPEX.
Safety provisions for electrical measuring, control and laboratory devices (low voltage directive). Overvoltage category III, pollution severity 2, safety class II.
(machinery directive)
according to EN 55011, group 1, class B
ESDs, RF radiation, bursts, surges.

2 Application

This RESISTRON temperature controller is an integral part of the "Series 400", the outstanding feature of which is its microprocessor technology. All RESI­STRON temperature controllers are used to control the temperature of heating elements (heatsealing bands, beaded bands, cutting wires, heatsealing blades, solder elements etc.), as required in a variety of heat­sealing processes.
Page 4 RES-403
The controller is most commonly used for impulse­heatsealing PE films in:
Vertical and horizontal f/f/s machines
Pouch, filling and sealing machines
Film wrapping machines
Pouch-making machines
Group packaging machines
•etc.
Principle of operation
The use of RESISTRON temperature controllers results in:
Repeatable quality of the heatseals under any con­ditions

3 Principle of operation

The resistance of the heatsealing band, which is tem­perature-sensitive, is monitored 50x per second (60x at 60Hz) by measuring the current and voltage. The tem­perature calculated with the help of these measure­ments is displayed and compared with the set point. The primary voltage of the impulse transformer is adju­sted by phase-angle control, if the measured values deviate from the set point. The resulting change in the current through the heatsealing band leads to a change in the band temperature and thus also its resistance. This change is measured and evaluated by the RESI­STRON temperature controller. The control loop is closed: ACTUAL temperature = SET temperature. Even minute thermal loads on the heat­sealing band are detected and can be corrected quickly and precisely. A highly high response thermo-electric control loop is formed which is highly accurate because purely elec­trical variables are measured at a high sampling rate. A high secondary current can be controlled because power is controlled on the primary side of the trans­former. This allows optimum adaptation to the load and
Increased machine capacity
Extended life of the heatsealing bands and teflon coatings
Simple operation and control of the sealing process
to the required dynamic range despite the exceptionally compact dimensions of the controller.
PLEASE NOTE!
RESISTRON temperature controllers play a significant role in enhancing the performance of modern machines. However, the full benefit can only be obtained from the advanced technology offered by this control system if all the system components, in other words the heatsealing band, the impulse transformer, the wiring, the timing signals and the controller itself, are compatible and interrelated.
We will be pleased to
contribute our many
years of experience
towards optimizing your
heatsealing system.
Heatsealing band R = f (T)
U
2
sec.
Impulse transformer
Current transformer
U
1
prim.
RESISTRON controller
URI
R
R=f(T)
LINE
_
+
Actual value
Start
Set point
RES-403 Page 5
Indicators
and
controls
or
bus interface

4 Description of the controller

Description of the controller
The microprocessor technology endows the RESI­STRON temperature controller RES-403 with pre­viously unattainable capabilities:
Very simple operation thanks to AUTOCAL, the automatic zero calibration function.
Good dynamic response of the control system thanks to AUTOTUNE, which adapts automatically to the controlled system.
High precision thanks to further improved control accuracy and linearization of the heatsealing band characteristic.
High flexibility: The AUTORANGE function (as of October 2005) covers a secondary voltage range from 0.4V to 120V and a current range from 30 A to 500A.
Automatic adjustment to the line frequency in the range from 47 Hz…63Hz.
Increased protection against dangerous conditions, such as overheating of the heatsealing band.
The ACTUAL temperature of the heatsealing band is supplied to an analog 0…10VDC output. The real heat­sealing band temperature can thus be displayed on an external temperature indicator (e.g. ATR-x). The RESISTRON temperature controller RES-403 fea­tures an integrated fault diagnosis function, which tests both the external system (heatsealing band, wiring etc.) and the internal electronics and outputs a selective error message in case of a fault. To increase operational safety and interference immu­nity, all 24 VDC logic signals are electrically isolated from the controller and the heating circuit. Coding switches on the temperature controller itself can be used to adapt to different heatsealing band alloys (Alloy-20, NOREX etc.) and set to the required temperature range (0…300°C, 0…500 °C etc.). The compact design of the RESISTRON temperature controller RES-403 and the plug-in connections make this controller easy to install.

5 Accessories and modifications

A wide range of compatible accessories and peripheral devices are available for the RESISTRON temperature controller RES-403. They allow it to be optimally adapted to your specific heatsealing application and to your plant's design and operating philosophy.
Analog temperature meter ATR-x
For front panel mounting or mounting on a top hat rail (DIN TS35 rail). Analog indication of the ACTUAL temperature of the heatsealing band in °C. The meter damping of the unit is optimized for the abrupt temperature changes that occur in impulse mode.
Digital temperature meter DTR-x
For front panel mounting or mounting on a top hat rail (DIN TS35 rail). Digital indication of the ACTUAL temperature of the heatsealing band in °C, with HOLD function.
Set point potentiometer PD-x
Front panel mounting version for setting the required SET heatsealing temperature of the RESISTRON temperature controller. The number which appears on the dis­play corresponds to the SET heatsealing temperature in °C.

5.1 Accessories

The products described below are only a few of the wide range of accessories available for RESISTRON temperature controllers (ª"Accessories" leaflet).
Page 6 RES-403
Accessories and modifications
Line filter
Essential in order to ensure CE conformity. Optimized for the RESISTRON temperature controller.
Impulse transformer
Designed according to VDE 0570/EN 61558 with a one section bobbin. Optimized for impulse operation with RESISTRON temperature controllers. Specified according to the heatsealing application (ª ROPEX Application Report).
Communication interface CI-USB-1
Interface for connecting a RESISTRON temperature controller with diagnostic inter­face (DIAG) to the PC (USB port). Associated PC visualization software for dis­playing setting and configuration data, and for recording SET and ACTUAL tempe­ratures in real time.
Booster
External switching amplifier, necessary for high primary currents (continuous current > 5 A, pulsed current > 25 A).
Monitoring current transformer
For detecting frame short-circuits on the heatsealing band. Used as an alternative to the standard PEX-W2/-W3 current transformer.

5.2 Modifications (MODs)

Owing to its universal design, the RESISTRON tempe­rature controller RES-403 is suitable for a very wide range of heatsealing applications. Various modifications (MODs) are available for the RESISTRON temperature controller RES-403 for implementing special applications. The modifications described here are just a few of the large number available. Separate documents are sup­plied for all modifications.
MOD 01
Amplifier for low secondary voltages (U
= 0.25…16VAC). This modification is necessary,
R
for example, for very short or low-resistance heat­sealing bands.
MOD 26
Additional terminal for connecting an external switching amplifier (booster). This modification is necessary for high primary currents (continuous current > 5 A, pulsed current > 25A).
RES-403 Page 7
Accessories and modifications
MOD 40
Additional terminal for "Temperature reached" signal. This output signal is activated when the ACTUAL temperature of the heatsealing band exceeds 95 % of the SET heatsealing temperature. It can be used to monitor the process, for example, or to control the closure of the heatsealing bars.
MOD 40 cannot be used in combination with
!
MOD 26 (booster connection) manufactured
prior to September 2005.
MOD 46 (as of October 2005)
Additional terminal for "Temperature OK" signal. If this modification is installed, the RES-403 checks whether the ACTUAL temperature is within a settable tolerance band ("OK" window) on either side of the SET temperature. The lower ( ) and upper
∆ϑ
( ) tolerance band limits are configured in the
upper
factory to -10 K and +10 K. These values can be set independently of one another in the ROPEX visualization software (ª section 9.10 "Diagnostic interface/visualization software (as of October 2005)" on page 30). If the actual temperature is inside the specified tolerance band when the "START" signal is activated, the output signal is activated as well (see graph below):
∆ϑ
lower
If the actual temperature leaves the tolerance band, the output signal is deactivated again. The output signal then remains deactivated, even if the actual tempera­ture subsequently returns to the tolerance band. It is thus possible to check - as part of the monitoring concept, for instance - whether the output signal is still active at the end of the heatsealing process, in other words whether the actual temperature has remained within the defined tolerance band throughout the entire process. The output signal is not deactivated again until the next "START" signal is activated or until an alarm is signaled.
MOD 46 ("Temperature OK" signal) cannot be
!
used in combination with MOD 40
("Temperature reached" signal).
Set+∆ϑ
Set+∆ϑ
Signal „Temp. OK“
Not conduct.
upper
Set
lower
Conductive
Actual value
Time
Time
Page 8 RES-403
Technical data

6 Technical data

Type of construction Housing for installation in the electrical cabinet
Snaps onto a standard top hat rail (DIN TS35 rail, 35 mm) acc. to DIN EN 50022 Dimensions: 90 x 75 mm; height: 135 mm (incl. terminals)
Line voltage All controllers manufactured as of October 2005:
115VAC version: 110VAC -15 %…120VAC +10% (equivalent to 94…132 VAC) 230VAC version: 220VAC -15 %…240VAC +10% (equivalent to 187…264VAC) 400VAC version: 380VAC -15 %…415VAC +10% (equivalent to 323…456VAC)
All controllers manufactured as of January 2004 up to September 2005: 115VAC version: 115VAC -15 %…120VAC +10% (equivalent to 98…132 VAC) 230VAC version: 230VAC -15 %…240VAC +10% (equivalent to 196…264VAC) 400VAC version: 400VAC -15 %…415VAC +10% (equivalent to 340…456VAC)
All controllers manufactured up to December 2003: 115VAC, 230 VAC or 400VAC, tolerance: +10% / -15 %
depending on version selected (ª section 12 "How to order" on page 39)
Line frequency 47…63Hz, automatic adjustment to frequencies in this range
Heatsealing band type and temperature range
All controllers manufactured as of October 2005: The temperature range and temperature coefficient settings can also be specified by means of the ROPEX visualization software (ª section 9.10 "Diagnostic interface/visualization software (as of October 2005)" on page 30) in addition to the rotary coding switch (see below):
Temperature range: 200°C, 300 °C, 400 °C or 500°C Temperature coefficient: 400…4000 ppm (variable setting range)
Five different ranges can be set on the controller with a rotary coding switch:
Temperature coefficient 1100ppm, 0…300°C (e.g. Alloy-A20), default Temperature coefficient 780 ppm, 0…300°C (e.g. Alloy L) Temperature coefficient 1100ppm, 0…500°C (e.g. Alloy-A20) Temperature coefficient 780 ppm, 0…500°C (e.g. Alloy L) Temperature coefficient 3500ppm, 0…300 °C (e.g. NOREX)
The settings for a temperature coefficient of 780 ppm are only available on control­lers manufactured as of October 2003.
Set point selection
Terminals 16+17
With an external PD-3 or PD-5 precision potentiometer (R = 2kΩ) 0…2k, equivalent to 0…300°C or 0…500 °C
Analog output
(actual value) Terminals 14+15
Digital logic levels
Terminals 8, 12, 13
Digital logic levels „Temp. OK“ signal
(MOD 40)
0…10VDC, Imax = 5 mA Equivalent to 0…300 °C or 0…500°C Accuracy: ±1% add. 50mV
LOW (0V): 0…2 VDC HIGH (24VDC): 12…30VDC (max. current input 6mA) Reverse polarity-protected
=30VDC
U
max
=50mA
I
max
< 2V (saturation voltage)
U
ON
RES-403 Page 9
Technical data
Alarm relay U
Maximum load
(primary current of
=50VDC, I
max
= 5A (duty cycle = 100%)
I
max
= 25A (duty cycle = 20 %)
I
max
max
= 0.2A, potential-free
impulse transformer)
Power dissipation max. 20W
Ambient
+5…+45°C
temperature
Degree of protection IP20
Installation If several controllers are installed on one top hat
rail (DIN TS35 rail), a clearance of at least 20mm should be allowed between them.
The moving clip required for fastening must be facing down for mounting on a horizontal top hat rail.
End holders to mechanical fix the controller must be fitted at both ends for moun­ting on a vertical top hat rail.
Weight Approx. 0.7 kg (incl. connector plug-in parts)
Housing material Plastic, polycarbonate, UL-90-V0
Connecting cables
Type / cross-sections
Rigid or flexible; 0.2…2.5mm² (AWG 24…12) Plug-in
If ferrules are used, they must be crimped in accordance
!
with DIN 46228 and IEC/EN 60947-1.
This is essential for proper electrical contact in the terminals.
Page 10 RES-403
Dimensions

7 Dimensions

135.0
113.0
75.0 90.0

8 Installation

ª See also section 1 "Safety and warning notes" on page 3.
Installation and startup may only be per-
!
formed by technically trained, skilled per­sons who are familiar with the associated risks and warranty provisions.

8.1 Installation procedure

Proceed as follows to install the RESISTRON tempera­ture controller RES-403:
1. Switch off the line voltage and verify that the circuit
is de-energized.
2. The supply voltage specified on the nameplate of
the RESISTRON temperature controller must be identical to the line voltage that is present in the plant or machine. The line frequency is automati­cally detected by the RESISTRON temperature
controller in the range from 47Hz…63 Hz.
3. Install the RESISTRON temperature controller in the electrical cabinet on a standard top hat rail (DIN TS35 rail, according to DIN EN 50022). If several controllers are installed on one top hat rail, the minimum clearance specified in section 6 "Technical data" on page 9 must be allowed between them.
4. Wire the system in accordance with the instructions in section 8.3 "Power supply" on page 13, section 8.6 "Wiring diagram (Standard)" on page 15 and the ROPEX Application Report. The information provided in section 8.2 "Installation steps" on page 12 must also be heeded additionally.
Check the tightness of all the system connec-
!
tions, including the terminals for the impulse
transformer windings.
5. Make sure that the wiring conforms to the relevant national and international installation regulations.
RES-403 Page 11

8.2 Installation steps

Installation
Heatseal element
with coppered ends
Sufficient wire
cross-section
Avoid long
cables
Dimension transformer correctly
- Secondary voltage
- Power
- Duty cycle
F
U (sec.)
2
Heatsealing band R= f (T)
No additional
resistance
in secondary
circuit
A
Impulse
transformer
Use heatseal bands with
suitable temperature coefficient
Note number of turns
Current transformer
U (prim.)
1
20mm clearance if several
controllers installed on
PEX-W2/-W3
Temperature
meter
ATR -x
Note
polarity
one top hat rail
Controller
No push-on connectors
Connect U measuring
heatsealing band ends
Twi sted
Current measuring
R
wires directly to
wires I
R
Line
Line filter
LF-xx480
Note
direction
of rotation
Digital potentiometer PD-x
Configure
DIP switches
correctly
(up to Sept. 2005)
Page 12 RES-403
Installation

8.3 Power supply

L1
(L1)
N(L2)
GND/ Earth
ON
OFF
Short wires
1
LINE
Ka
U
K1
I
2
R
R
I
>
3
LINE
FILTER
ROPEX
temperature
controller
U
1
PRIM.
U
2
SEC.
R
Line
115VAC, 230 VAC, 400VAC 50/60Hz
Circuit breaker
Double-pole, C characteristic (ª ROPEX Application Report)
I
>
3
Kb
3
2
Short-circuit protection only.
!
RESISTRON temperature controller not protected.
Relay Ka
For "HEAT ON - OFF" function (all-pole) or "EMERGENCY STOP".
Line filter
The filter type and size must be determined according to the load, the transformer and the machine wiring (ª ROPEX Application Report).
Do not run the filter supply wires (line side) parallel
!
to the filter output wires (load side).
RESISTRON temperature controller belonging to the 4xx Series.
Relay Kb
Load break (all-pole), e.g. in combination with the alarm output of the temperature controller.
When using a series resistor RV-....-1 the relay Kb
!
shall be installed.
Impulse Transformer
Designed according to VDE 0570/EN 61558 (isolating transformer with reinforced insulation). Connect core to ground.
Use transformers with a one section bobbin. The
!
power, duty cycle and voltage values must be deter-
mined individually according to the application (ª ROPEX Application Report and "Accessories" leaflet for impulse transformers).
Wiring
The wire cross-sections depend on the application (ª ROPEX Application Report). Guide values:
Primary circuit: min. 1.5mm², max. 2.5 mm² Secondary circuit: min. 4.0 mm², max. 25 mm²
c These wires must always be twisted (>20/m) d These wires must be twisted (>20/m) if several control
loops are laid together ("crosstalk").
e Twisting (>20/m) is recommended to improve EMC.
RES-403 Page 13
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