Roland Corporation VA-3 User's Manual
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VA-3 MIDI Implementation
VA-3 MIDI Implementation
The VA-3 implements additional functionality and parameters over and above the
G-1000, which itself was an expansion of the GS sound generator format. These functions and parameters are marked by a [VA-3] symbol. If MIDI messages marked by a
VA-3 symbol are transmitted to another GS format sound generator or to the G-1000,
those messages may not be recognized.
1. Receive data
Channel Voice Messages
Note off
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
8nH kkH vvH
9nH kkH 00H
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
kk = note number: 00H~7FH (0~127)
vv = note off velocity: 00H~7FH (0~127)
• For Drum Parts, these messages are received when Rx.NOTE OFF = ON for each
Instrument.
• The velocity values of Note Off messages are ignored.
Note on
Status
9nH kkH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
kk = note number: 00H~7FH (0~127)
vv = note on velocity: 01H~7FH (1~127)
• Not received when Rx.NOTE MESSAGE = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
• For Drum Parts, these messages are not received when Rx.NOTE ON = OFF for
each Instrument.
Polyphonic Key Pressure
Status
AnH kkH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
kk = note number: 00H~7FH (0~127)
vv = key pressure: 00H~7FH (0~127)
• Not received when Rx.POLY PRESSURE (PAf) = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
• The resulting effect is determined by System Exclusive messages. With the initial
settings, there will be no effect.
Control Change
• When Rx.CONTROL CHANGE = OFF, all control change messages except for
Channel Mode messages will be ignored.
• The value specified by a Control Change message will not be reset even by a Program Change, etc.
Bank Select (Controller number 0, 32)
❍
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 00H mmH
BnH 20H llH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
mm = Bank number MSB: 00H~7FH (GS Variation number 0~127)
ll = Bank number LSB: 00H~04H (MAP), Initial value = 00H
• Not received when Rx.BANK SELECT = OFF.
• “Rx.BANK SELECT” is set to OFF by “GM1 System On,” and Bank Select messages
will be ignored.
• Rx.BANK SELECT is set to ON by “GM2 System On.”
• Rx.BANK SELECT is set to ON by power-on reset or by receiving “GS Reset.”
• When Rx.BANK SELECT LSB = OFF, Bank number LSB (llH) will be handled as 00H
regardless of the received value. However, when sending Bank Select messages,
you have to send both the MSB (mmH) and LSB (llH, the value should be 00H) together.
• Bank Select processing will be suspended until a Program Change message is received.
• The GS format “Variation number” is the value of the Bank Select MSB (Controller
number 0) expressed in decimal.
• The VA-3 recognizes the Bank Select LSB (Controller number 32) as a flag for
switching between the VA-3 MAP, the G-1000 MAP, the G-800 MAP, and the SC-55
MAP. With a LSB of 01H, the SC-55 MAP and with a LSB of 02H, the G-800 MAP,
and with a LSB of 03H, the G-1000 MAP, and with a LSB of 04H, the VA-3 MAP will
be selected respectively.
• Some other GS devices do not recognize the Bank Select LSB (Controller number
32).
Modulation (Controller number 1)
❍
Status
BnH 01H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Modulation depth: 00H~7FH (0~127)
• Not received when Rx.MODULATION = OFF (Initial value is ON)
• The resulting effect is determined by System Exclusive messages. With the initial
settings, this is Pitch Modulation Depth.
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
Initial value = 00H
2nd byte 3rd byte
❍
Portamento Time (Controller number 5)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 05H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Portamento Time: 00H~7FH (0~127), Initial value = 00H (0)
• This adjusts the rate of pitch change when Portamento is ON or when using the Portamento Control. A value of 0 results in the fastest change.
Data Entry (Controller number 6, 38)
❍
Status
BnH 06H mmH
BnH 26H llH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
mm, ll = the value of the parameter specified by RPN/NRPN
mm = MSB, ll = LSB
❍ Volume (Controller number 7)
Status
BnH 07H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Volume: 00H~7FH (0~127), Initial value = 64H (100)
• Volume messages are used to adjust the volume balance of each Part.
• Not received when Rx.VOLUME = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
❍
Pan (Controller number 10)
Status
BnH 0AH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = pan: 00H~40H~7FH (Left~Center~Right),
• The stereo position can be adjusted over 127 steps.
• For Rhythm Parts, this is a relative adjustment of each Instrument’s pan setting.
• Not received when Rx.PANPOT = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
Expression (Controller number 11)
❍
Status
BnH 0BH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Expression: 00H~7FH (0~127), Initial value = 7FH (127)
• This adjusts the volume of a Part. It can be used independently from Volume messages. Expression messages are used for musical expression within a performance;
e.g., expression pedal movements, crescendo and decrescendo.
• Not received when Rx.EXPRESSION = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
Hold 1 (Controller number 64)
❍
Status
BnH 40H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Control value: 00H~7FH (0~127)
• Not received when Rx.HOLD1 = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
❍ Portamento (Controller number 65)
Status
BnH 41H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Control value: 00H~7FH (0~127) 0~63 = OFF, 64~127 = ON
• Not received when Rx.PORTAMENTO = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
❍
Sostenuto (Controller number 66)
Status
BnH 42H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Control value: 00H~7FH (0~127) 0~63 = OFF, 64~127 = ON
• Not received when Rx.SOSTENUTO = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
❍ Soft (Controller number 67)
Status
BnH 43H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Control value: 00H~7FH (0~127) 0~63 = OFF, 64~127 = ON
• Not received when Rx.SOFT = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
Filter Resonance (Timbre/Harmonic Intensity) (Controller number 71) [VA-3]
❍
Status
BnH 47H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv= Resonance value (relative
change):
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
Initial value = 40H (Center)
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
00H~7FH (-64~0~+63),
Initial value = 40H (no change)
1
VA-3 MIDI Implementation
Release Time (Controller number 72) [VA-3]
❍
Status
2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 48H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv= Release Time value (relative
change):
00H~7FH (-64~0~+63),
Initial value = 40H (no change)
❍ Attack time (Controller number 73) [VA-3]
Status
2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 49H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv= Attack time value (relative
change):
❍
Cutoff (Controller number 74) [VA-3]
Status
2nd byte 3rd byte
00H~7FH (-64~0~+63),
Initial value = 40H (no change)
BnH 4AH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv= Cutoff value (relative change):00H~7FH (-64~0~+63),
Decay Time (Controller number 75) [VA-3]
❍
Status
2nd byte 3rd byte
Initial value = 40H (no change)
BnH 4BH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv= Decay Time value (relative
change):
00H~7FH (-64~0~+63),
Initial value = 40H (no change)
❍ Vibrato Rate (Controller number 76) [VA-3]
Status
2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 4CH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv= Vibrato Rate value (relative
change):
❍
Vibrato Depth (Controller number 77) [VA-3]
Status
2nd byte 3rd byte
00H~7FH (-64~0~+63),
Initial value = 40H (no change)
BnH 4DH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv= Vibrato Depth value (relative
change):
Vibrato Delay (Controller number 78) [VA-3]
❍
Status
2nd byte 3rd byte
00H~7FH (-64~0~+63),
Initial value = 40H (no change)
BnH 4EH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv= Vibrato Delay value (relative
change):
00H~7FH (-64~0~+63),
Initial value = 40H (no change)
❍ Portamento control (Controller number 84)
Status
2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 54H kkH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
kk = source note number: 00H~7FH (0~127)
• A Note-on received immediately after a Portamento Control message will change
continuously in pitch, starting from the pitch of the Source Note Number.
• If a voice is already sounding for a note number identical to the Source Note Number,
this voice will continue sounding (i.e., legato) and will, when the next Note-on is received, smoothly change to the pitch of that Note-on.
• The rate of the pitch change caused by Portamento Control is determined by the Portamento Time value.
Example 1.
On MIDI
90 3C 40 Note on C4 C4 on
B0 54 3C Portamento Control from C4 no change
90 40 40 Note on E4 glide from C4 to E4
80 3C 40 Note off C4 no change
80 40 40 Note off E4 E4 off
Description Result
Example 2.
On MIDI
B0 54 3C Portamento Control from C4 no change
90 40 40 Note on E4 E4 is played with a glide from C4 to E4
80 40 40 Note off E4 E4 off
Effect 1 (Reverb Send Level) (Controller number 91)
❍
Status
Description Result
2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 5BH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Reverb Send Level: 00H~7FH (0~127), Initial value = 28H (40)
• This message adjusts the Reverb Send Level of each Part.
Effect 3 (Chorus Send Level) (Controller number 93)
❍
Status
2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 5DH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Chorus Send Level: 00H~7FH (0~127), Initial value = 00H (0)
• This message adjusts the Chorus Send Level of each Part.
❍
NRPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 99, 98)
Status
BnH 63H mmH
BnH 62H llH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
mm = upper byte (MSB) of the parameter number specified by NRPN
ll = lower byte (LSB) of the parameter number specified by NRPN
• Rx.NRPN is set to OFF by power-on reset or by receiving “GM1 System On” or “GM2
System On,” and NRPN message will be ignored. NRPN message will be received
when Rx.NRPN= ON, or by receiving “GS RESET.”
• The value set by NRPN will not be reset even if Program Change or Reset All Controllers is received.
**NRPN**
The NRPN (Non Registered Parameter Number) message allows an extended range
of control changes to be used. On the VA-3, NRPN messages can be used to modify
sound parameters, etc.
To use these messages, you must first use NRPN messages (Controller number 98
and 99, their order does not matter) to specify the parameter to be controlled, and then
use Data Entry messages (Controller number 6) to specify the value of the specified
parameter. Once an NRPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages
received on that channel will modify the value of that parameter. To prevent accidents,
it is recommended that you set RPN Null (RPN Number = 7FH 7FH) when you have
finished setting the value of the desired parameter. Refer to “5. Supplementary material”, Examples of actual MIDI messages, [Example 4] (page 18). On the VA-3, Data
entry LSB (Controller number 38) of NRPN is ignored, so it is no problem to send Data
entry MSB (Controller number 6) only (without Data entry LSB).
On the VA-3, NRPN can be used to modify the following parameters.
NRPN
MSB LSB
01H 08H mmH Vibrato Rate (relative change)
01H 09H mmH Vibrato Depth (relative change)
01H 0AH mmH Vibrato Delay (relative change)
01H 20H mmH TVF Cutoff Frequency (relative change)
01H 21H mmH TVF Resonance (relative change)
01H 63H mmH TVF&TVA Envelope Attack Time (relative change)
01H 64H mmH TVF&TVA Envelope Decay Time (relative change)
01H 66H mmH TVF&TVA Envelope Release Time (relative change)
18H rrH mmH Drum Instrument Pitch Coarse (relative change)
1AH rrH mmH Drum Instrument TVA Level (absolute change)
1CH rrH mmH Drum Instrument Panpot (absolute change)
1DH rrH mmH Drum Instrument Reverb Send Level (absolute change)
1EH rrH mmH Drum Instrument Chorus Send Level (absolute change)
4FH 10H mmH Part 4 On / Off (Upper 1) [VA-3]
4FH 11H mmH Part 11 On / Off (Lower1)
4FH 12H mmH Part 12 On / Off (Man Bass)
4FH 13H mmH Part 6 On / Off (Upper 2)
4FH 14H mmH Part 16 On / Off (Man Drums)
4FH 27H mmH Part 14 On / Off (Lower 2)
4FH 26H mmH Part 15 On / Off (Melody Int.)
4FH 18H mmH Part 8 On / Off (Acc 5)
4FH 19H mmH Part 9 On / Off (Acc 6)
4FH 1AH mmH Part 10 On / Off (Acc Drums)
4FH 1BH mmH Part 2 On / Off (Acc Bass)
2nd byte 3rd byte
Data entry
MSB
Function and range
mm: 00H~40H~7FH (-64~0~+63)
mm: 00H~40H~7FH (-64~0~+63)
mm: 00H~40H~7FH (-64~0~+63)
mm: 00H~40H~7FH (-64~0~+63)
mm: 00H~40H~7FH (-64~0~+63)
mm: 00H~40H~7FH (-64~0~+63)
mm: 00H~40H~7FH (-64~0~+63)
mm: 00H~40H~7FH (-64~0~+63)
rr: Drum Instrument note number
mm: 00H~40H~7FH (-64~0~+63 semitone)
rr: Drum Instrument note number
mm: 00H~7FH (0~max)
rr: Drum Instrument note number
mm: 00H, 01H~40H~7FH (random, left~center~right)
rr: Drum Instrument note number
mm: 00H~7FH (0~max)
rr: Drum Instrument note number
mm: 00H~7FH (0~max)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~ 7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
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NRPN
MSB LSB
4FH 1CH mmH Part 1 On / Off (Acc 1)
4FH 1DH mmH Part 3 On / Off (Acc2)
4FH 1EH mmH Part 5 On / Off (Acc3)
4FH 1FH mmH Part 7 On / Off (Acc 4)
4FH 20H mmH Master Accompaniment On / Off
4FH 21H mmH Master Volume Upper On / Off
4FH 22H mmH Master Volume Lower On / Off
4FH 23H mmH Master Volume Bass On / Off
4FH 24H mmH Master Volume Drum On / Off
• Parameters marked “relative change” will change relatively to the preset value(40H).
Even among different GS devices, “relative change” parameters may sometimes differ in the way the sound changes or in the range of change.
• Parameters marked “absolute change” will be set to the absolute value of the parameter, regardless of the preset value.
• Data entry LSB (llH) is ignored.
• Part On/Off NRPN are received and transmitted through the Basic MIDI Channel.
❍
Status
BnH 65H mmH
BnH 64H llH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
mm = upper byte (MSB) of parameter number specified by RPN
ll = lower byte (LSB) of parameter number specified by RPN
• Not received when Rx.RPN = OFF.
• The value specified by RPN will not be reset even by messages such as Program
Change or Reset All Controller.
**RPN**
The RPN (Registered Parameter Number) messages are expanded control changes,
and each function of an RPN is described by the MIDI Standard.
To use these messages, you must first use RPN (Controller number 101 and 100, their
order does not matter) to specify the parameter to be controlled, and then use Data
Entry messages (Controller number 6, 38) to specify the value of the specified parameter. Once an RPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages received
on that channel will modify the value of that parameter. To prevent accidents, it is recommended that you set RPN Null (RPN Number = 7FH 7FH) when you have finished
setting the value of the desired parameter. Refer to “5. Supplementary material”,
Examples of actual MIDI messages, [Example 4] (page 18).
On the VA-3, RPN can be used to modify the following parameters.
RPN
MSB LSB
00H 00H mmH —- Pitch Bend Sensitivity
00H 01H mmH llH Master Fine Tuning
Refer to “5. Supplementary material”, About the Tuning (page 19).
00H 02H mmH —- Master Coarse Tuning
00H 05H mmH llH Modulation Depth Range
7FH 7FH —- —- RPN null
❍
Status
CnH ppH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
pp = Program number: 00H~7FH (prog.1~prog.128)
• Not received when Rx.PROGRAM CHANGE = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
• After a Program Change message is received, the sound will change beginning with
the next Note-on. Voices already sounding when the Program Change message was
received will not be affected.
• For Drum Parts, Program Change message will not be received on lower byte of the
bank numbers (the value of Control Number 0 is other than 0 (00H)).
Data entry
MSB
RPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 101, 100)
Data Entry
MSB
Program Change
Function and range
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
mm: 00H~7FH (00-3FH =Off~40-7FH= On)
2nd byte 3rd byte
LSB Explanation
mm: 00H~18H (0~24 semitones)
Initial value = 02H (2 semitones)
ll: ignored (processed as 00H)
specify up to 2 octaves in semitone steps
mm, ll: 00 00H~40 00H~7F 7FH (-100~0~+99.99
cents),
Initial value = 40 00H (+/- 0 cent)
mm: 28H~40H~58H (-24~0~+24 semitones),
Initial value = 40H (+/-0 semitone)
ll: ignored (processed as 00H)
mm: 00H~04H (0~4 semitones)
ll: 00H~7FH (0~100 cents)
100/128 Cent/Value
Set condition where RPN and NRPN are unspecified. The data entry messages after set RPN null
will be ignored. (No Data entry messages are
required after RPN null).
Settings already made will not change.
mm, ll: ignored
2nd byte
VA-3 MIDI Implementation
Channel Pressure
❍
Status 2nd byte
DnH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Channel Pressure: 00H~7FH (0~127)
• Not received when Rx.CH PRESSURE (CAf) = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
• The resulting effect is determined by System Exclusive messages. With the initial
settings there will be no effect.
Pitch Bend Change
❍
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
EnH llH mmH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
mm, ll = Pitch Bend value: 00 00H~40 00H~7F 7FH (-8192~0~+8191)
• Not received when Rx.PITCH BEND = OFF. (Initial value is ON)
• The resulting effect is determined by System Exclusive messages. With the initial
settings the effect is Pitch Bend.
Channel Mode Messages
All Sounds Off (Controller number 120)
Status
BnH 78H 00H
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
• When this message is received, all currently sounding notes on the corresponding
channel will be turned off immediately.
Reset All Controllers (Controller number 121)
Status
BnH 79H 00H
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
• When this message is received, the following controllers will be set to their reset values.
Controller
Pitch Bend Change +/-0 (center)
Polyphonic Key Pressure 0 (off)
Channel Pressure 0 (off)
Modulation 0 (off)
Expression 127 (max)
Hold 1 0 (off)
Portamento 0 (off)
Sostenuto 0 (off)
Soft 0 (off)
RPN unset; previously set data will not change
NRPN unset; previously set data will not change
All Notes Off (Controller number 123)
Status
BnH 7BH 00H
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
• When All Notes Off is received, all notes on the corresponding channel will be turned
off. However, if Hold 1 or Sostenuto is ON, the sound will be continued until these
are turned off.
OMNI OFF (Controller number 124)
Status
BnH 7CH 00H
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
• The same processing will be carried out as when All Notes Off is received.
OMNI ON (Controller number 125)
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 7DH 00H
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
• The same processing will be carried out as when All Notes Off is received.OMNI ON
will not be turned on.
MONO (Controller number 126)
Status
BnH 7EH mmH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
mm = mono number: 00H~10H (0~16)
• The same processing will be carried out as when All Sounds Off and All Notes Off is
received, and the corresponding channel will be set to Mode 4 (M = 1) regardless of
the value of “mm (mono number).”
POLY (Controller number 127)
Status
BnH 7FH 00H
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
• The same processing will be carried out as when All Sounds Off and All Notes Off is
received, and the corresponding channel will be set to Mode 3.
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
Reset value
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
3
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VA-3 MIDI Implementation
System Realtime Message
Active Sensing
Status
FEH
• When Active Sensing is received, the unit will begin monitoring the intervals of all further messages. While monitoring, if the interval between messages exceeds 420 ms,
the same processing will be carried out as when All Sounds Off, All Notes Off and
Reset All Controllers are received, and message interval monitoring will be halted.
Song/Style Start
❍
Status
FAH
• When “Sequencer Start” is received, the internal Recorder and/or the internal Arranger/Song start according to the following table.
Song/Style Stop
❍
Status
FCH
• When “Sequencer Stop” is received, the internal Recorder and/or the internal arranger/Song stop.
Song Continue
❍
Status
FBH
• When “Sequencer Continue” is received, the internal Recorder continue to play from
the current position.
❍
Song Position Pointer
Status
F2H XXH YYH
XX = Song Position (Bar) LSB
YY = Song Position (Bar) MSB
Timing Clock
❍
Status
F8H
• When “Timing Clock” is received the internal recorder or the internal Arranger/Song
is synchronized to an external clock according to the following table.
Song/Style Sync RX Response
Internal A Style/Song will neither start/stop nor follow the tempo of the
Auto If a Style/Song receives MIDI “Start/Stop” (FA/FC), it will follow
MIDI If a Style/Song receives MIDI “Start/Stop” (FA/FC) it will follow
Remote If a Style/Song receives MIDI “Start/Stop” (FA/FC) it will follow
2nd byte 3rd byte
external Timing Clock (F8) and “Start /Stop” (FA/FC) messages.
automatically Internal or External “Timing” related to the presence or not of the incoming “MIDI Clock” (F8) messages.
only External “Timing” and maybe wait for the “MIDI Clock” (F8)
messages.
only Internal “Timing” ignoring the presence or not of the incoming “MIDI Clock” (F8) messages.
Only in Song Mode
Only in Song Mode
System Exclusive Message
Status
F0H iiH, ddH, ......,eeH F7H
F0H: System Exclusive Message status
ii = ID number: an ID number (manufacturer ID) to indicate the manufacturer whose
dd,...,ee = data: 00H~7FH (0~127)
F7H: EOX (End Of Exclusive)
The System Exclusive Messages received by the VA-3 are: messages related to mode
settings, Universal Realtime System Exclusive messages, Data Requests (RQ1), and
Data Set (DT1).
System Exclusive messages related to mode settings
These messages are used to initialize a device to GS or General MIDI mode, or change
the operating mode. When creating performance data, a “GM1 System On” message
should be inserted at the beginning of a General MIDI 1 score, a “GM2 System On”
message at the beginning of a General MIDI 2 score, and a “GS Reset” message at
the beginning of a GS music data. Each song should contain only one mode message
as appropriate for the type of data. (Do not insert two or more mode setting messages
in a single song.)
“GM System On” uses Universal Non-realtime Message format. “GS Reset” uses
Roland system Exclusive format “Data Set 1 (DT1).”
Data byte Status
Exclusive message this is. Roland’s manufacturer ID is 41H.
ID numbers 7EH and 7FH are extensions of the MIDI standard; Uni-
versal Non-realtime Messages (7EH) and Universal Realtime Messages (7FH).
GM1 System On
❍
This is a command message that resets the internal settings of the unit to the General
MIDI 1 initial state. After receiving this message, the VA-3 will automatically be set to
the proper condition for correctly playing a General MIDI score.
Status Data byte Status
F0H 7EH, 7FH, 09H, 01H F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
7EH ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
09H Sub ID#1 (General MIDI Message)
01H Sub ID#2 (General MIDI 1 On)
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
• When this message is received, Rx.BANK SELECT will be OFF and Rx.NRPN will
be OFF.
• There must be an interval of at least 50 ms between this message and the next message.
GM2 System On
❍
Status
F0H 7EH 7FH 09H 03H F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
7EH ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
09H Sub ID#1 (General MIDI Message)
03H Sub ID#2 (General MIDI 2 On)
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
• When this message is received, the VA-3 will be able to receive the messages specified by General MIDI 2, and use the General MIDI 2 sound map.
GM System Off
❍
“GM System Off” is a command message that resets the internal state of the VA-3 from
the GM state to its native condition. The VA-3 will reset to the GS default state.
Status
F0H 7EH,7F,09H,02H F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
7EH ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
09H Sub ID#1 (General MIDI Message)
02H Sub ID#2 (General MIDI Off)
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
• When this message is received, the VA-3 will reset to the GS default state.
GS Reset
❍
GS Reset is a message that resets the internal settings of a device to the GS initial
state. This message appears at the beginning of GS music data, and a GS device that
receives this message will automatically be set to the proper state to correctly play back
GS music data.
Status
F0H 41H, dev, 42H, 12H, 40H, 00H, 7FH, 00H, 41H F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
41H ID number (Roland)
dev Device ID (dev: 00H~1FH (1~32), Initial value is 10H (17))
42H Model ID (GS)
12H Command ID (DT1)
40H Address MSB
00H Address
7FH Address LSB
00H Data (GS reset)
41H Checksum
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
• When this message is received, Rx.NRPN will be ON.
• There must be an interval of at least 50 ms between this message and the next.
Exit GS Mode
❍
"Exit GS Mode" is a command message that resets the internal settings of the unit to
the Arranger Mode I initial state.
Status
F0H 41H, dev, 42H, 12H, 40H, 00H, 7FH, 7FH, 42H F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
41H ID number (Roland)
dev Device ID (dev: 00H ~1FH (1~32) Initial value is 10H (17))
42H Model ID (GS)
12H Command ID (DT1)
40H Address MSB
00H Address
7FH AddressLSB
7FH Data (Exit GS Mode)
42H Checksum
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
• When this message is received, the unit changes from “General MIDI” mode to VA-3
default mode. (Arranger mode)
• There must be an interval of at least 100 ms between this message and the next
message.
Explanation
Data byte Status
Explanation
Data byte Status
Explanation
Data byte Status
Explanation
Data byte Status
Explanation
4
●
●
VA-3 MIDI Implementation
Universal Realtime System Exclusive Messages
❍
Master Volume
Status Data byte Status
F0H 7FH, 7FH, 04H, 01H, llH, mmH F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
7FH ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
04H Sub ID#1 (Device Control messages)
01H Sub ID#2 (Master Volume)
llH Master Volume lower byte
mmH Master Volume upper byte
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
• The lower byte (llH) of Master Volume will be handled as 00H.
Global Parameter Control
Parameters of the Global Parameter Control are newly provided for the General MIDI 2.
❍
Reverb Parameters
Status
F0H 7FH,7FH,04H,05H,01H,01H,01H,01H,01H,ppH,vvH F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
7FH ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
04H Sub ID#1 (Device Control)
05H Sub ID#2 (Global Parameter Control)
01H Slot path length
01H Parameter ID width
01H Value width
01H Slot path MSB
01H Slot path LSB (Effect 0101: Reverb)
ppH Parameter to be controlled.
vvH Value for the parameter.
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
pp=0 Reverb Type
• The VA-3 displays Reverb Type as described in the parentheses.
pp=1 Reverb Time
Chorus Parameters
❍
Status
F0H 7FH,7FH,04H,05H,01H,01H,01H,01H,02H,ppH,vvH F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
7FH ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
04H Sub ID#1 (Device Control)
05H Sub ID#2 (Global Parameter Control)
01H Slot path length
01H Parameter width
01H Value width
01H Slot path MSB
02H Slot path LSB (Effect 0102: Chorus)
ppH Parameter to be controlled.
vvH Value for the parameter.
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
pp=0 Chorus Type
pp=1 Mod Rate
pp=2 Mod Depth
pp=3 Feedback
pp=4 Send To Reverb
Channel Pressure
❍
Status
F0H 7FH,7FH,09H,01H,0nH,ppH,rrH F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
7FH ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
09H Sub ID#1 (Controller Destination Setting)
01H Sub ID#2 (Channel Pressure)
Explanation
Data byte Status
Explanation
vv = 00H Small Room (Room1)
vv = 01H Medium Room (Room2)
vv = 02H Large Room (Room3)
vv = 03H Medium Hall (Hall1)
vv = 04H Large Hall (Hall2)
vv = 08H Plate (Plate)
vv = 00H~7FH0~127
Data byte Status
Explanation
vv=0 Chorus1
vv=1 Chorus2
vv=2 Chorus3
vv=3 Chorus4
vv=4 FB Chorus
vv=5 Flanger
vv= 00H~7FH0~127
vv = 00H~7FH0~127
vv = 00H~7FH0~127
vv = 00H~7FH0~127
Data byte Status
Explanation
Status
0nH MIDI Channel (00~0F)
ppH Controlled parameter
rrH Controlled range
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
pp=0 Pitch Control
pp=1 Filter Cutoff Control
pp=2 Amplitude Control
pp=3 LFO Pitch Depth
pp=4 LFO Filter Depth
pp=5 LFO Amplitude Depth
Controller
❍
Status
F0H 7FH,7FH,09H,03H,0nH,ccH,ppH,rrH F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
7FH ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
09H Sub ID#1 (Controller Destination Setting)
03H Sub ID#2 (Control Change)
0nH MIDI Channel (00~0F)
ccH Controller number (01~1F, 40~5F)
ppH Controlled parameter
rrH Controlled range
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
pp=0 Pitch Control
pp=1 Filter Cutoff Control
pp=2 Amplitude Control
pp=3 LFO Pitch Depth
pp=4 LFO Filter Depth
pp=5 LFO Amplitude Depth
❍ Scale/Octave Tuning Adjust
Status
F0H 7EH,7FH,08H,08H,ffH,ggH,hhH,ssH... F7
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
7EH ID number (Universal Non-realtime Message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
08H Sub ID#1 (MIDI Tuning Standard)
08H Sub ID#2 (scale/octave tuning 1-byte form)
ffH Channel/Option byte1
ggH Channel byte2
hhH Channel byte3
ssH 12 byte tuning offset of 12 semitones from C to B
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
Data byte Status
rr= 28H~58H -24~+24 [semitones]
rr = 00H~7FH -9600~+9450 [cents]
rr = 00H~7FH 0~200%
rr = 00H~7FH 0~600 [cents]
rr = 00H~7FH 0~2400 [cents]
rr = 00H~7FH0~100%
Data byte Status
Explanation
rr = 28H~58H -24~+24 [semitones]
rr = 00H~7FH -9600~+9450 [cents]
rr = 00H~7FH 0~200%
rr = 00H~7FH 0~600 [cents]
rr = 00H~7FH 0~2400 [cents]
rr = 00H~7FH 0~100%
Data byte Status
Explanation
bits 0 to 1 = channel 15 to 16
bit 2 to 6 = Undefined
bits 0 to 6 = channel 8 to 14
bits 0 to 6 = channel 1 to 7
00H = -64 [cents]
40H = 0 [cents] (equal temperament)
7FH = +63 [cents]
5
VA-3 MIDI Implementation
Key-Based Instrument Controllers
❍
Status
F0H 7FH,7FH,0AH,01H,0nH,kkH,nnH,vvH …F7H
Byte
F0H Exclusive status
7FH ID number (universal realtime message)
7FH Device ID (Broadcast)
0AH Sub ID#1 (Key-Based Instrument Control)
01H Sub ID#2 (Controller)
0nH MIDI Channel (00~0F)
kkH Key Number
nnH Control Number
vvH Value
F7H EOX (End Of Exclusive)
nn=07H Level
nn=0AH Pan
nn=5BH Reverb Send
nn=5D Chorus Send
• This parameter affects drum instruments only.
Data byte Status
Explanation
vv = 00H~7FH 0~200% (Relative)
vv = 00H~7FH Left~Right (Absolute)
vv = 00H~7FH 0~127 (Absolute)
vv = 00H~7FH 0~127 (Absolute)
■
●
●
●
2. Transmit data
Channel Voice Messages
Note off
Status
9nH kkH 00H
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
kk = note number: 00H~7FH (0~127)
vv = note off velocity: 00H (0)
Note on
Status
9nH kkH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
kk = note number: 00H~7FH (0~127)
vv = note on velocity: 01H~7FH (1~127)
Control Change
Bank Select (Controller number 0, 32)
❍
Status
BnH 00H mmH
BnH 20H llH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
mm = Bank number MSB: 00H~7FH (GS Variation number 0~127)
ll = Bank number LSB: 00H~04H (MAP)
• Not transmitted when “Program Change” Tx Filter is On.
• Some other GS devices do not recognize the Bank Select LSB (Controller
number 32).
❍
Modulation (Controller number 1)
Status
BnH 01H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Modulation depth: 00H~7FH (0~127)
• Not transmitted when “Modulation” Tx Filter is On.
❍ Portamento Time (Controller number 5)
Status
BnH 05H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Portamento Time: 00H~7FH (0~127), Initial value = 00H (0)
• This adjusts the rate of pitch change when Portamento is ON or when using the Portamento Control. A value of 0 results in the fastest change.
❍
Data Entry (Controller number 6, 38)
Status
BnH 06H mmH
BnH 26H llH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
mm, ll = the value of the parameter specified by RPN/NRPN
mm = MSB, ll = LSB
Volume (Controller number 7)
❍
Status
BnH 07H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Volume: 00H~7FH (0~127), Initial value = 64H (100)
• Volume messages are used to adjust the volume balance of each Part.
• Not transmitted when “Volume” Tx Filter is On.
Pan (Controller number 10)
❍
Status
BnH 0AH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = pan: 00H~40H~7FH (Left~Center~Right),
• The stereo position can be adjusted over 127 steps.
• Not transmitted when “PanPot” Tx Filter is On.
Expression (Controller number 11)
❍
Status 2nd byte 3rd byte
BnH 0BH vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Expression: 00H~7FH (0~127), Initial value = 7FH (127)
• This adjusts the volume of a Part. It can be used independently from Volume messages. Expression messages are used for musical expression within a performance;
e.g., expression pedal movements, crescendo and decrescendo.
• Not transmitted when “Expression” Tx Filter is On.
Hold 1 (Controller number 64)
❍
Status
BnH 40H vvH
n = MIDI channel number: 0H~FH (Ch.1~16)
vv = Control value: 00H~7FH (0~127)
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
2nd byte 3rd byte
Initial value = 40H (Center)
2nd byte 3rd byte
6
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