Roland VARIOS Service Manual

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Page 1

MIDI Implementation

Model: VariOS Date: December 1, 2002 Version: 1.00

1.Receive Data

■ Channel Voice Messages

● Note Off

status 2nd byte 3rd byte 8nH kkH vvH 9nH kkH 00H

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) kk = Note number: 00H–7FH (0–127) vv = Note Off velocity: 00H–7FH (0–127)

* This is not received if the part and note number that receives this message has a Trigger

Mode setting of TRIGGER or DRUM.

● Note On

status 2nd byte 3rd byte 9nH kkH vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) kk = note number: 00H–7FH (0–127) vv = Note On velocity: 01H–7FH (1–127)

* If the sample assigned to the part and note number that receives this message has a Trigger

Mode setting of TRIGGER, and if that note is sounding, this will function as note-off.

● Polyphonic Aftertouch

status 2nd byte 3rd byte AnH kkH vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) kk = note number: 00H–7FH (0–127) vv = Polyphonic Aftertouch: 00H–7FH (0–127)

* When received on the control channel, this will affect all parts.

❍ Panpot (Controller number 10)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 0AH vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Panpot: 00H–40H–7FH (0–64–127)

* Adjust the stereo location over 128 steps, where 0 is far left, 64 is center, and 127 is far right.

❍ Expression (Controller number 11)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 0BH vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Expression: 00H–7FH (0–127)

❍ Hold 1 (Controller number 64)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 40H vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Control value: 00H–7FH (0–127), 0–63 = OFF, 64–127 = ON

❍ Portamento (Controller number 65)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 41H vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Control value: 00H–7FH (0–127), 0–63 = OFF, 64–127 = ON

* This will change the Portamento Sw parameter setting of the sample assigned to the part

that receives this.

* Not received on the Control channel.

❍ Hold 2 (Controller number 69)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 45H vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Control value: 00H–7FH (0–127), 0–63 = OFF, 64–127 = ON

● Control Change

* Not received when the Receive switch (SYSTEM/MIDI/RX SW) is OFF. * If this is received on the control channel (SYSTEM/MIDI/GENERAL), the effect will apply

to all parts, unless otherwise noted for each item.

❍ Modulation (Controller number 1)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 01H vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Modulation depth: 00H–7FH (0–127)

❍ Portamento Time (Controller number 5)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 05H vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Portamento Time: 00H–7FH (0–127)

* This will affect the Portamento Time parameter of the sample assigned to the part that

receives the message.

* Not received on the Control channel.

❍ Data Entry (Controller number 6, 38)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 06H mmH BnH 26H llH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) mm,ll = the value of the parameter specified by RPN/NRPN mm = MSB, ll = LSB

* Not received on the Control channel.

❍ Volume (Controller number 7)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 07H vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Volume: 00H–7FH (0–127)

❍ Portamento Control (Controller number 84)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 54H kkH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) kk = Source note number: 00H–7FH (0–127)

*A Note On message received immediately after a Portamento control will be sounded with

the pitch changing smoothly from the source note number. If a voice is already sounding at the same note number as the source note number, that voice will change pitch to the pitch of the newly received Note On, and continue sounding (i.e., will be played legato).

* The speed of pitch change produced by portamento control will depend on the setting of

the Portamento Time parameter of the sample assigned to the part that receives this.

* Not received on the Control channel.

❍ Effect 1 (Reverb Send Level) (Controller number 91)

(Controller number 91) status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 5BH vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Reverb Send Level: 00H–7FH (0–127)

* The Reverb Send Level parameter will change. * Not received on the Control channel.

❍ Effect 3 (Chorus Send Level) (Controller number 93)

(Controller number 93) status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 5DH vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Chorus Send Level: 00H–7FH (0–127)

* The Chorus Send Level parameter will change. * Not received on the Control channel.

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MIDI Implementation

❍ RPN MSB/LSB (Controller number 100, 101)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 65H mmH BnH 64H llH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) mm = MSB of the parameter number specified by RPN ll = LSB of the parameter number specified by RPN

* Not received on the Control channel.

<<< RPN >>> Control Changes include RPN (Registered Parameter Numbers), which are extended parameters whose function is defined in the MIDI specification. When using RPNs, first the RPN (Controller numbers 100 and 101; they can be sent in any order) is transmitted to specify the parameter you wish to control. Then, Data Entry messages (Controller numbers 6 and 38) are used to set the value of the specified parameter. Once an RPN parameter has been specified, all Data Entry messages received on that channel will modify the value of that parameter. In order to prevent accidents, when the desired setting has been made for the parameter, it is recommended that RPN be set to Null. This device receives the following RPNs.

RPN Data entry MSB LSB 00H 00H mmH 11H Pitch Bend Sensitivity

00H 01H mmH llH Channel Fine Tuning

00H 02H mmH 11H Channel Coarse Tuning

7FH 7FH mmH 11H RPN null

MSB LSB Notes

mm: 00H–0CH (0–12 semitones) ll: ignored (processed as 00H) Up to 1 octave can be specified in semitone steps. * The Bend Range Up/Down parameters will also change.

mm, ll: 20 00H–40 00H–60 00H (-4096 *100 / 8192–0– +4096 *100 / 8192 cent) * The Fine Tune parameter (PERFORM/PART/SOUND/

FINE) will change.

mm: 34H–40H–4CH (-12–0– +12 semitones) ll: ignored (processed as 00H) * The Coarse Tune parameter will change.

RPN and NRPN will be set as "unspecified." Once this setting has been made, subsequent Data Entry messages will be ignored. (It is not necessary to transmit Data Entry for RPN Null settings.) Settings already made will not change. mm, ll: ignored

● Program Change

status 2nd byte CnH ppH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) pp=Program number: 00H–7FH (prog.1–prog.128)

* Not received on the Control channel.

● Channel Aftertouch

status 2nd byte DnH vvH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) vv = Channel Aftertouch: 00H–7FH (0–127)

* If this is received on the control channel, the effect will apply to all parts.

● Pitch Bend Change

status 2nd byte 3rd byte EnH llH mmH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) mm, ll = Pitch Bend value: 00 00H–40 00H–7F 7FH (-8192–0– +8191)

* If this is received on the control channel, the effect will apply to all parts.

■ Channel Mode Messages

● All Sound Off (Controller number 120)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 78H 00H

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) * When this message is received, all currently sounding notes on the corresponding channel

will be turned off immediately.

* If this is received on the control channel, all currently sounding notes of all parts will be

silenced.

● Reset All Controllers (Controller number 121)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 79H 00H

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) * When this message is received, the following controllers will be set to their reset values.

* If this is received on the control channel, the controllers of all parts will be set to their reset

values.

Controller Pitch Bend Change +/- 0 (center) Polyphonic Key Pressure 0 (off) Channel Pressure 0 (off) Modulation 0 (off) Expression 127 (maximum) Hold 1 0 (off) Hold 2 0 (off) Panpot 64 (center) RPN Unset. Previously set data will not change. NRPN Unset. Previously set data will not change. C1 64 (center) C2 64 (center) C3 64 (center) VC 64 (center)

● All Notes Off (Controller number 123)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 7BH 00H

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) * When All Notes Off is received, all currently sounding notes on the corresponding channel

will be turned off. However, if Hold 1 is on, or if Hold 2 is on, the note will not stop sounding until these turn off.

* If the sample of a note that is "on" has a Trigger Mode (SAMPLE/MODE) setting of

TRIGGER or DRUM, that note will not turn off.

* If this is received on the control channel, the effect will apply to the notes of all parts.

● Omni Off (Controller number 124)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 7CH 00H

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) * All notes currently "on" for the part that receives this will be turned off. However, if the

sample corresponding to one of these notes has a Trigger Mode setting of DRUM, that note will not turn off.

* Not received on the Control channel.

● Omni On (Controller number 125)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 7DH 00H

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) * All notes currently "on" for the part that receives this will be turned off. However, if the

sample corresponding to one of these notes has a Trigger Mode setting of DRUM, that note

will not turn off. * The VariOS cannot be switched to OMNI ON. * Not received on the Control channel.

Reset value

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MIDI Implementation

● Mono (Controller number 126)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 7EH mmH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) mm = Mono number: 00H–10H (0–16)

* The sample assigned to that part will be switched to a Key Assign setting of SOLO. * All notes currently "on" for the part that receives this will be turned off. However, if the

sample corresponding to one of these notes has a Trigger Mode setting of DRUM, that note will not turn off.

* Not received on the Control channel.

● Poly (Controller number 127)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 7FH 00H

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) * The sample assigned to that part will be switched to a Key Assign (SAMPLE/MODE)

setting of POLY.

* All notes currently "on" for the part that receives this will be turned off. However, if the

sample corresponding to one of these notes has a Trigger Mode (SAMPLE/DRUM) setting of DRUM, that note will not turn off.

* Not received on the Control channel.

■ System Realtime Messages

● Timing Clock

status F8H

* This message will be received if the Clock Source parameter is MIDI.

● Active Sensing

status FEH

* When an Active Sensing message is received, the unit will begin monitoring the interval at

which MIDI messages are received. During monitoring, if more than 420 ms passes without a message being received, the same processing will be done as when All Sound Off, All Notes Off, and Reset All Controllers messages are received. Then monitoring will be halted.

■ System Exclusive Messages

status data byte status

F0H iiH, ddH, ......, eeH F7H

● Data Transmission

The VariOS can transmit and receive the various parameters using System Exclusive messages. The model ID of the exclusive messages used by this instrument is 00 1DH.

❍ Data Request 1 (RQ1)

This message requests the other device to transmit data. The address and size indicate the type and amount of data that is requested. When a Data Request message is received, if the device is in a state in which it is able to transmit data, and if the address and size are appropriate, the requested data is transmitted as a Data Set 1 (DT1) message. If the conditions are not met, nothing is transmitted.

Status Data Byte Status F0H 41H, dev, 00H, 1DH, 11H, aaH, bbH, ccH, ddH, ssH, ttH, uuH, vvH, sum F7H

Byte Explanation F0H Exclusive status 41H ID number (Roland) dev device ID (dev: 10H) 00H Model ID#1 (VariOS) 1DH Model ID#2 (VariOS) 11H Command ID (RQ1) aaH address MSB bbH address ccH address ddH address LSB ssH size MSB ttH size uuH size vvH size LSB sum checksum F7H EOX (End of Exclusive)

* The size of data that can be transmitted at one time is fixed for each type of data. And data

requests must be made with a fixed starting address and size. Refer to the Address and

Size listed in Section 3 (p. 173). * For the checksum, refer to (p. 176).

❍ Data Set 1 (DT1)

This message transmits the actual data, and is used when you wish to set the data of the receiving device.

Status Data Byte Status F0H 41H, dev, 00H, 1DH, 12H, aaH, bbH, ccH, ddH, eeH, ... ffH, sum F7H

F0H: System Exclusive message status ii = ID number: This is the ID number (manufacturer ID) that specifies the manufacturer

whose exclusive message this is. Roland's manufacturer ID is 41H. ID numbers 7EH and 7FH are defined in an expansion of the MIDI standard as Universal Non-realtime messages (7EH) and Universal

Realtime Messages (7FH). dd,..., ee = data: 00H–7FH (0–127) F7H: EOX (End Of Exclusive)

Of the System Exclusive messages received by this device, the Universal Non-realtime messages, the Data Request (RQ1) messages and the Data Set (DT1) messages will be set automatically.

● Universal Non-realtime System Exclusive Messages

❍ Identity Request Message

When this message is received, Identity Reply message (p. 172) will be transmitted.

status data byte status F0H 7EH, dev, 06H, 01H F7H

Byte Explanation F0H Exclusive status 7EH ID number (Universal Non-realtime message) dev device ID (dev: 10H) 06H sub ID#1 (General Information) 01H sub ID#2 (Identity Request) F7H EOX (End of Exclusive)

* The "dev" is own device number or 7FH (Broadcast).

Byte Explanation F0H Exclusive status 41H ID number (Roland) dev device ID (dev: 10H) 00H Model ID#1 (VariOS) 1DH Model ID#2 (VariOS) 12H command ID (DT1) aaH address MSB bbH address ccH address ddH address LSB eeH data: The actual data to be transmitted. Multi-byte data is transmitted in

the address order. : : ffH data sum checksum F7H EOX (End of Exclusive)

* The amount of data that is transmitted at one time is fixed for the type of data, and only

data of the fixed starting address and size will be transmitted. Refer to the Address and Size listed in Section 3 (p. 173).

* Data whose size is greater than 128 bytes should be divided into packets of 128 bytes or

less and transmitted. Successive "Data Set 1" messages should have at least 20 ms of time interval between them.

* For the checksum, refer to (p. 176).

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MIDI Implementation

2.Transmit Data

■ Channel Voice Messages

● Control Change

* This is not transmitted if C1 Output Mode, C2 Output Mode, or C3 Output Mode is set to

INT.

* This is transmitted on the control channel if Knob Control is set to MULTI PART.

❍ Bank Select (Controller number 0, 32)

status 2nd byte 3rd byte BnH 00H mmH BnH 20H llH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) mm, ll = Bank number: 00 00H–7F 7FH (bank.1–bank.16384)

● Program Change

status 2nd byte CnH ppH

n = MIDI channel number: 0H–FH (ch.1–ch.16) pp = Program number: 00H–7FH (prog.1–prog.128)

■ System Realtime Messages

● Active Sensing

status FEH

* Transmitted at intervals of approximately 250 ms.

■ System Exclusive Messages

There is a kind of the Universal Non-realtime messages and the Data Set (DT1) messages in the System Exclusive messages transmitted by this device.

● Data Transmission

❍ Data Set 1 (DT1)

Status Data Byte Status F0H 41H, dev, 00H, 1DH, 12H, aaH, bbH, ccH, ddH, eeH, ... ffH, sum F7H

Byte Explanation F0H Exclusive status 41H ID number (Roland) dev device ID (dev: 10H–1FH) 00H Model ID#1 (VariOS) 1DH Model ID#2 (VariOS) 12H command ID (DT1) aaH address MSB bbH address ccH address ddH address LSB eeH data: The actual data to be transmitted. Multi-byte data is transmitted in the

address order. :: ffH data sum checksum F7H EOX (End of Exclusive)

* The amount of data transmitted at one time is fixed for the type of data, and the data will

be transmitted with the fixed starting address and size. Refer to the Address and Size listed in Section 3 (p. 173).

* Large amounts of data must be divided into packets of 128 bytes or less, and transmitted at

intervals of approximately 20 ms.

* For the checksum, refer to (p. 176).

● Universal Non-realtime System Exclusive Messages

❍ Identity Reply Message

When Identity Request message (p. 171) is received, this message will be transmitted.

status data byte status F0H

Byte Explanation F0H Exclusive status 7EH ID number (Universal Non-realtime message) dev device ID (dev: 10H) 06H sub ID#1 (General Information) 02H sub ID#2 (Identity Reply) 41H ID number (Roland) 1DH 01H Device family code 00H 01H Device family number code aaH bbH ccH ddH Software revision level F7H EOX (End of Exclusive)

7EH, dev, 06H, 02H, 41H, 1DH, 01H, 00H, 00H, aaH, bbH, ccH, ddH

F7H

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MIDI Implementation

3.Parameter Address Map

1. VariOS (Model ID = 00H 1DH)

* Addresses marked with # support only data request 1 (RQ1). Data set 1 (DT1) messages are

ignored.

* Addresses marked at "*" cannot be used as starting addresses.

+———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+ | Start | | Address | Description | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 00 00 00 | System 1-1 | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 00 00 00 | System Common 1-1-1 | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 10 00 00 00 | Performance 1-2 | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 10 00 00 00 | Performance Common 1-2-1 | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 11 00 00 00 | Performance Part 1 1-2-2 | | 11 00 10 00 | Performance Part 2 | | : | : | | 11 00 50 00 | Performance Part 6 | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 20 00 00 00 | Sample 1 1-3 | | 20 01 00 00 | Sample 2 | | : | : | | 20 7F 00 00 | Sample 128 | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 30 00 00 00 | Wave 1 1-4 | | 30 01 00 00 | Wave 2 | | : | : | | 30 7F 00 00 | Wave 128 | +———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+

■ 1-1. System

● 1-1-1. System Common

+———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+ | Offset | | | Address | Description | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 00 | 0000 aaaa | Master Tune 4274 - 4526 | | 00 01*| 0000 bbbb | (nibbled) (427.4 - 452.6) | | 00 02*| 0000 cccc | | | 00 03*| 0000 dddd | | | 00 04 | 00aa aaaa | Master Attenuation 0 - 60 | | | | (-60 - 0[dB]) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 05 | 0000 000a | MFX Sw 0 - 1 (OFF,ON) | | 00 06 | 0000 000a | Chorus Sw 0 - 1 (OFF,ON) | | 00 07 | 0000 000a | Reverb Sw 0 - 1 (OFF,ON) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 11 | 000a aaaa | Control Channel 0 - 16 | | | | (1 - 16,OFF) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 1C | 0000 aaaa | Transpose Value 0 - 11 | | | | (-5 - +6 [semitone]) | | 00 1D | 0000 0aaa | Octave Shift 0 - 6 | | | | (-3 - +3 [octave]) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 21 | 0000 000a | Panic Key 0 - 128 | | 00 22*| 0bbb bbbb | (OFF,C-1 - G9) | +———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+

*: Cannot start from this address

■ 1-2. Performance

● 1-2-1. Performance Common

*: Cannot start from this address

● 1-2-2. Performance Part

+———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+ | Offset | | | Address | Description | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 00 | 0000 0aaa | Sample Number 0 - 127 | | 00 01*| 0bbb bbbb | (001 - 128) | | 00 03 | 0000 aaaa | Receive Channel 0 - 15 | | | | (1 - 16) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 04 | 0aaa aaaa | Level 0 - 127 | | 00 05 | 0aaa aaaa | Pan 0 - 127 | | | | (L64 - 63R) | | 00 06 | 000a aaaa | Coarse Tune 0 - 24 | | | | (-12 - +12 [semitone]) | | 00 07 | 0aaa aaaa | Fine Tune 0 - 100 | | | | (-50 - +50 [cent]) | | 00 08 | 0000 0aaa | Octave Shift 0 - 6 |

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MIDI Implementation

| | | (-3 - +3 [octave]) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 09 | 0000 000a | Pitch Sync Sw 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF, ON) | | 00 0A | 0aaa aaaa | Keyboard Range Lower 0 - 127 | | | | (C-1 - Upper) | | 00 0B | 0aaa aaaa | Keyboard Range Upper 0 - 127 | | | | (Lower - G9) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 0C | 0000 00aa | Output Assign 0 - 2 | | | | (MAIN,M-FX,DIR) | | 00 0D | 0aaa aaaa | Multi-FX Send Level 0 - 127 | | 00 0E | 0aaa aaaa | Chorus Send Level 0 - 127 | | 00 0F | 0aaa aaaa | Reverb Send Level 0 - 127 | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 13 | 0000 000a | Tempo Sync Sw 0 - 1(OFF,ON)| |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 14 | 0aaa aaaa | C1 Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 15 | 0aaa aaaa | C1 Time Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 16 | 0aaa aaaa | C1 Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 17 | 0aaa aaaa | C1 Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 19 | 0aaa aaaa | C1 LFO Rate 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 1A | 0aaa aaaa | C1 LFO Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 1B | 0aaa aaaa | C1 LFO Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 1C | 0aaa aaaa | C1 LFO Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 1D | 0aaa aaaa | C1 LFO Pan Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 1E | 0aaa aaaa | C2 Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 1F | 0aaa aaaa | C2 Time Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 20 | 0aaa aaaa | C2 Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 21 | 0aaa aaaa | C2 Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 23 | 0aaa aaaa | C2 LFO Rate 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 24 | 0aaa aaaa | C2 LFO Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 25 | 0aaa aaaa | C2 LFO Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 26 | 0aaa aaaa | C2 LFO Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 27 | 0aaa aaaa | C2 LFO Pan Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 28 | 0aaa aaaa | C3 Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 29 | 0aaa aaaa | C3 Time Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 2A | 0aaa aaaa | C3 Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 2B | 0aaa aaaa | C3 Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 2D | 0aaa aaaa | C3 LFO Rate 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 2E | 0aaa aaaa | C3 LFO Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 2F | 0aaa aaaa | C3 LFO Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 30 | 0aaa aaaa | C3 LFO Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 31 | 0aaa aaaa | C3 LFO Pan Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 32 | 0aaa aaaa | VC Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 33 | 0aaa aaaa | VC Time Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 34 | 0aaa aaaa | VC Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 35 | 0aaa aaaa | VC Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 37 | 0aaa aaaa | VC LFO Rate 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 38 | 0aaa aaaa | VC LFO Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 39 | 0aaa aaaa | VC LFO Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 3A | 0aaa aaaa | VC LFO Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 3B | 0aaa aaaa | VC LFO Pan Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 3C | 0aaa aaaa | MOD Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 3D | 0aaa aaaa | MOD Time Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 3E | 0aaa aaaa | MOD Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 3F | 0aaa aaaa | MOD Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 41 | 0aaa aaaa | MOD LFO Rate 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 42 | 0aaa aaaa | MOD LFO Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 43 | 0aaa aaaa | MOD LFO Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 44 | 0aaa aaaa | MOD LFO Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 45 | 0aaa aaaa | MOD LFO Pan Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 46 | 0aaa aaaa | AFT Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 47 | 0aaa aaaa | AFT Time Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 48 | 0aaa aaaa | AFT Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 49 | 0aaa aaaa | AFT Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) |

| | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 4B | 0aaa aaaa | AFT LFO Rate 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 4C | 0aaa aaaa | AFT LFO Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 4D | 0aaa aaaa | AFT LFO Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 4E | 0aaa aaaa | AFT LFO Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 4F | 0aaa aaaa | AFT LFO Pan Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 50 | 0000 aaaa | Hold1 Destination 0 - 8 | | | | (OFF, PAUSE, LOOP, EVENT STEP, | | | | STEP DIRECTION, POLY/SOLO, | | | | LOCK LEGATO) | | 00 51 | 0000 aaaa | Hold2 Destination 0 - 8 | | | | (OFF, PAUSE, LOOP, EVENT STEP, | | | | STEP DIRECTION, POLY/SOLO, | | | | LOCK LEGATO) | | 00 52 | 0aaa aaaa | Bend Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 53 | 0aaa aaaa | Bend Time Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 54 | 0aaa aaaa | Bend Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 55 | 0aaa aaaa | Bend LFO Rate 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 56 | 0aaa aaaa | Bend LFO Formant Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 57 | 0aaa aaaa | Bend LFO Pitch Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 58 | 0aaa aaaa | Bend LFO Level Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 59 | 0aaa aaaa | Bend LFO Pan Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 5B | 0000 aaaa | Bend Range Up 0 - 12 | | | | (0 - +12) | | 00 5C | 00aa aaaa | Bend Range Down 0 - 48 | | | | (0 - -48) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 5F | 0000 00aa | Keyboard Map 0 - 1 | | | | (PHRASE, GROOVE) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| |# 00 62 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 1 32 - 126 | |# 00 63 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 2 32 - 126 | |# 00 64 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 3 32 - 126 | |# 00 65 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 4 32 - 126 | |# 00 66 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 5 32 - 126 | |# 00 67 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 6 32 - 126 | |# 00 68 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 7 32 - 126 | |# 00 69 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 8 32 - 126 | |# 00 6A | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 9 32 - 126 | |# 00 6B | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 10 32 - 126 | |# 00 6C | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 11 32 - 126 | |# 00 6D | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 12 32 - 126 | +———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+

*: Cannot start from this address

■ 1-3. Sample

+———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+ | Offset | | | Address | Description | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 00 | 000a aaaa | Wave Gain 0 - 18 | | | | (0 - +18 [dB]) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 01 | 0000 0aaa | LFO Waveform 0 - 7 | | | | (TRI,SIN,SAW,SQR,TRP,S&H,RND,CHS) | | 00 02 | 0000 000a | LFO Key Trigger 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF,ON) | | 00 03 | 0aaa aaaa | LFO Rate 0 - 127 | | 00 04 | 0000 0aaa | LFO Offset 0 - 4 | | | | (-100,-50,0,+50,+100 [%]) | | 00 05 | 0aaa aaaa | LFO Delay Time 0 - 127 | | 00 06 | 0aaa aaaa | LFO Fade Time 0 - 127 | | 00 07 | 0000 00aa | LFO Fade Mode 0 - 3 | | | | (ON-IN,ON-OUT,OFF-IN,OFF-OUT) | | 00 08 | 0000 000a | LFO External Sync 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF,CLK) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 09 | 0000 000a | Pitch Control Sw 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF,ON) | | 00 0A | 0000 aaaa | Pitch Keyfollow 0 - 15 | | | | (-100,-70,-50,-30,-10,0,+10,+20,+30, | | | | +40,+50,+70,+100,+120,+150,+200) | | 00 0B | 0aaa aaaa | Pitch LFO Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 0C | 000a aaaa | Random Pitch Depth 0 - 30 | | | | (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30,40,50,60, | | | | 70,80,90,100,200,300,400,500,600,700, | | | | 800,900,1000,1100,1200) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 0D | 0000 000a | Time Control Sw 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF,ON) | | 00 0E | 0000 aaaa | Time Keyfollow 0 - 15 | | | | (-100,-70,-50,-30,-10,0,+10,+20,+30, | | | | +40,+50,+70,+100,+120,+150,+200) | | 00 0F | 000a aaaa | Human Feel 0 - 18 | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 10 | 0000 000a | Formant Control Sw 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF,ON) | | 00 11 | 0000 aaaa | Formant Keyfollow 0 - 15 | | | | (-100,-70,-50,-30,-10,0,+10,+20,+30, | | | | +40,+50,+70,+100,+120,+150,+200) | | 00 12 | 0aaa aaaa | Formant LFO Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 13 | 0000 00aa | Pan Control Mode 0 - 2 | | | | (OFF,CONTINUOUS,KEY-ON) | | 00 14 | 0000 aaaa | Pan Keyfollow 0 - 14 | | | | (-100,-70,-50,-40,-30,-20,-10,0, | | | | +10,+20,+30,+40,+50,+70,+100) | | 00 15 | 00aa aaaa | Random Pan Depth 0 - 63 | | 00 16 | 0aaa aaaa | Alternate Pan 0 - 127 | | | | (L64 - 63R) | | 00 17 | 0aaa aaaa | Pan LFO Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (L64 - 63R) |

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|—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 18 | 0aaa aaaa | Level LFO Depth 0 - 127 | | | | (-64 - +63) | | 00 19 | 0aaa aaaa | Velocity 0 - 127 | | | | (REAL,1 - 127) | | 00 1A | 0000 0aaa | Velocity Curve 0 - 6 | | | | (TYPE1 - TYPE7) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 1B | 0aaa aaaa | Fade In 0 - 127 | | | | (0.00 - 2.00[sec]) | | 00 1C | 0aaa aaaa | Fade Out 0 - 127 | | | | (0.00 - 6.00[sec]) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 1D | 0000 000a | Portamento Sw 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF, ON) | | 00 1E | 0000 000a | Portamento Mode 0 - 1 | | | | (NORMAL, LEGATO) | | 00 1F | 0000 000a | Portamento Type 0 - 1 | | | | (RATE, TIME) | | 00 20 | 0000 000a | Portamento Start 0 - 1 | | | | (PITCH, NOTE) | | 00 21 | 0aaa aaaa | Portamento Time 0 - 127 | | 00 22 | 0000 000a | Portamento Formant Sw 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF, ON) | | 00 23 | 0000 000a | Portamento Time Sw 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF, ON) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 24 | 0000 000a | Loop Sw 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF, ON) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 25 | 0000 000a | Key Assign Mode 0 - 1 | | | | (POLY, SOLO) | | 00 26 | 0000 00aa | Playback Mode 0 - 2 | | | | (RETRIGGER,TIME SYNC,STEP) | | 00 27 | 0000 00aa | Trigger mode 0 - 2 | | | | (GATE, TRIGGER, DRUM) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 29 | 0000 000a | Melody Cancel 0 - 1 | | | | (OFF, ON) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| |# 00 2C | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 1 32 - 126 | |# 00 2D | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 2 32 - 126 | |# 00 2E | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 3 32 - 126 | |# 00 2F | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 4 32 - 126 | |# 00 30 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 5 32 - 126 | |# 00 31 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 6 32 - 126 | |# 00 32 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 7 32 - 126 | |# 00 33 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 8 32 - 126 | |# 00 34 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 9 32 - 126 | |# 00 35 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 10 32 - 126 | |# 00 36 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 11 32 - 126 | |# 00 37 | 0aaa aaaa | Sample Name 12 32 - 126 | +———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+

#: RQ1 only (can NOT be written by DT1)

■ 1-4. Wave

+———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+ | Offset | | | Address | Description | |—————————————+—————————————————————————————————————————————————————| | 00 00 | 0000 000a | Original Tempo 200000 - 2500000 | | 00 01*| 0bbb bbbb | (20.0000 - 250.0000) | | 00 02*| 0ccc cccc | | | 00 03*| 0ddd dddd | | | 00 04 | 0000 00aa | Original Denominator 0 - 3 | | | | (2,4,8,16) | | 00 05 | 000a aaaa | Original Numerator 1 - 16 | | 00 06 | 0aaa aaaa | Original Pitch 0 - 127 | | 00 07 | 0aaa aaaa | Original Fine Tune 0 - 100 | | | | (-50 - +50 [cent]) | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| |# 00 08 | 0000 000a | Sample Type 0 - 1 | | | | (MONO, STEREO) | |# 00 09 | 0000 00aa | Encode Type 0 - 3 | | | | (NO ENCODE, SOLO, BACKING, ENSEMBLE) | |# 00 0A | 0aaa aaaa | Loop Start Point 0 - 268435455 | |# 00 0B*| 0bbb bbbb | | |# 00 0C*| 0ccc cccc | | |# 00 0D*| 0ddd dddd | | |# 00 0E | 0aaa aaaa | Loop End Point 0 - 268435455 | |# 00 0F*| 0bbb bbbb | | |# 00 10*| 0ccc cccc | | |# 00 11*| 0ddd dddd | | |# 00 12 | 0aaa aaaa | Number of Events 0 - 16383 | |# 00 13*| 0bbb bbbb | | |# 00 14 | 0aaa aaaa | Number of Samples 0 - 268435455 | |# 00 15*| 0bbb bbbb | | |# 00 16*| 0ccc cccc | | |# 00 17*| 0ddd dddd | | |—————————————+———————————+—————————————————————————————————————————| |# 00 18 | 000a aaaa | Original Key 0 - 31 | | | | (C-B(lower 4bit), major/minor(bit 4)) | |# 00 19 | 0000 aaaa | Original Tune 4274 - 4526 | |# 00 1A*| 0000 bbbb | (nibbled) (427.4 - 452.6) | |# 00 1B*| 0000 cccc | | |# 00 1C*| 0000 dddd | | +———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————+

#: RQ1 only (can NOT be written by DT1) *: Cannot start from this address

■ Address Block Map

The following is an outline of the address map for Exclusive messages.

Address(H) Block Sub Block Reference =========== ==================== =================== =========

00 00 00 00 +——————————————————+............................+———————+

| System common | | 1-1-1 |

+——————————————————+............................+———————+

10 00 00 00 +——————————————————+....+—————————————————+.....+———————+

+——————————————————+ +—————————————————+.....+———————+

: :. +—————————————————+.....+———————+

: : . | Part 1 | | 1-2-2 |

: : . +—————————————————+.....+———————+

: : . | : | : : . +—————————————————+ : : . | Part 6 | : : . +—————————————————+

20 00 00 00 +——————————————————+....+—————————————————+.....+———————+

+——————————————————+ +—————————————————+.....+———————+

| |.. | : | : : . +—————————————————+ : : .| Sample 128 | : : +—————————————————+

30 00 00 00 +——————————————————+....+—————————————————+.....+———————+

+——————————————————+ +—————————————————+.....+———————+

| |.. | : | : : . +—————————————————+ : : .| Wave 128 | : : +—————————————————+

4.Supplementary material

● Decimal/Hexadecimal Table (hexadecimal values are indicated by a following "H")

MIDI uses 7-bit hexadecimal values to indicate data values and the address and size of exclusive messages. The following table shows the correspondence between decimal and hexadecimal numbers.

+——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————+ | D | H || D | H || D | H || D | H | +——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————+ | 0 | 00H || 32 | 20H || 64 | 40H || 96 | 60H | | 1 | 01H || 33 | 21H || 65 | 41H || 97 | 61H | | 2 | 02H || 34 | 22H || 66 | 42H || 98 | 62H | | 3 | 03H || 35 | 23H || 67 | 43H || 99 | 63H | | 4 | 04H || 36 | 24H || 68 | 44H || 100 | 64H | | 5 | 05H || 37 | 25H || 69 | 45H || 101 | 65H | | 6 | 06H || 38 | 26H || 70 | 46H || 102 | 66H | | 7 | 07H || 39 | 27H || 71 | 47H || 103 | 67H | | 8 | 08H || 40 | 28H || 72 | 48H || 104 | 68H | | 9 | 09H || 41 | 29H || 73 | 49H || 105 | 69H | | 10 | 0AH || 42 | 2AH || 74 | 4AH || 106 | 6AH | | 11 | 0BH || 43 | 2BH || 75 | 4BH || 107 | 6BH | | 12 | 0CH || 44 | 2CH || 76 | 4CH || 108 | 6CH | | 13 | 0DH || 45 | 2DH || 77 | 4DH || 109 | 6DH | | 14 | 0EH || 46 | 2EH || 78 | 4EH || 110 | 6EH | | 15 | 0FH || 47 | 2FH || 79 | 4FH || 111 | 6FH | | 16 | 10H || 48 | 30H || 80 | 50H || 112 | 70H | | 17 | 11H || 49 | 31H || 81 | 51H || 113 | 71H | | 18 | 12H || 50 | 32H || 82 | 52H || 114 | 72H | | 19 | 13H || 51 | 33H || 83 | 53H || 115 | 73H | | 20 | 14H || 52 | 34H || 84 | 54H || 116 | 74H | | 21 | 15H || 53 | 35H || 85 | 55H || 117 | 75H | | 22 | 16H || 54 | 36H || 86 | 56H || 118 | 76H | | 23 | 17H || 55 | 37H || 87 | 57H || 119 | 77H | | 24 | 18H || 56 | 38H || 88 | 58H || 120 | 78H | | 25 | 19H || 57 | 39H || 89 | 59H || 121 | 79H | | 26 | 1AH || 58 | 3AH || 90 | 5AH || 122 | 7AH | | 27 | 1BH || 59 | 3BH || 91 | 5BH || 123 | 7BH | | 28 | 1CH || 60 | 3CH || 92 | 5CH || 124 | 7CH | | 29 | 1DH || 61 | 3DH || 93 | 5DH || 125 | 7DH | | 30 | 1EH || 62 | 3EH || 94 | 5EH || 126 | 7EH | | 31 | 1FH || 63 | 3FH || 95 | 5FH || 127 | 7FH | +——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————++——————+——————+

D: decimal H: hexadecimal

* Decimal values such as MIDI channel, bank select, and program change are listed as one

(1) greater than the values given in the above table.

*A 7-bit byte can express data in the range of 128 steps. For data where greater precision is

required, we must use two or more bytes. For example, two hexadecimal numbers aa bbH expressing two 7-bit bytes would indicate a value of aa x 128 + bb.

* For a signed number (+/-), 00H = -64, 40H = +/-0, and 7FH = +63. I.e., the decimal

equivalent will be 64 less than the decimal value given in the above table. For a two-byte signed number, 00 00H = -8192, 40 00H = +/-0, and 7F 7FH = +8191. For example the decimal expression of aa bbH would be aa bbH - 40 00H = (aa x 128 + bb - 64 x 128.

* Hexadecimal notation in two 4-bit units is used for data indicated as "nibbled." The nibbled

two-byte value of 0a 0b H would be a x 16 + b.

<Example 1> What is the decimal equivalent of 5AH? From the above table, 5AH = 90.

<Example 2> What is the decimal equivalent of the 7-bit hexadecimal values 12 34H? From the above table, 12H = 18 and 34H = 52. Thus, 18 x 128 + 52 = 2356.

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MIDI Implementation

● Examples of Actual MIDI Messages

<Example 1> 92 3E 5F 9n is the Note On status and ‘n’ is the MIDI channel number. Since 2H = 2, 3EH = 62, and 5FH = 95, this is a Note On message of MIDI CH = 3, note number 62 (note name D4) and velocity 95.

<Example 2> CE 49 CnH is the Program Change status and ‘n’ is the MIDI channel number. Since EH = 14 and 49H = 73, this is a Program Change message with MIDI CH = 15, program number 74.

<Example 3> EA 00 28 EnH is the Pitch Bend Change status and ‘n’ is the MIDI channel number. The 2nd byte (00H=0) is the LSB of the Pitch Bend value, and the 3rd byte (28H=40) is the MSB. However since the Pitch Bend is a signed number with 0 at 40 00H (= 64 x 128 + 0 =

8192), the Pitch Bend value in this case is 28 00H - 40 00H = 40 x 128 + 0 - (64 x 128 + 0) = 5120 8192 = -3072.

If we assume that the Pitch Bend Sensitivity is set to two semitones, the pitch will change only

-200 cents for a Pitch Bend value of -8192 (00 00H). Thus, this message is specifying a Pitch Bend of -200 x (-3072) / (-8192) = -75 cents on MIDI CH = 11.

<Example 4> B3 64 00 65 00 06 0C 26 00 64 7F 65 7F BnH is the Control Change status, and ‘n’ is the MIDI channel number. In Control Change messages, the 2nd byte is the controller number, and the 3rd byte is the parameter value. MIDI allows what is known as "running status," when if messages of the same status follow each other, it is permitted to omit the second and following status bytes. In the message above, running status is being used, meaning that the message has the following content.

B3 64 00 MIDI CH = 4, RPN parameter number LSB: 00H (B3) 65 00 MIDI CH = 4, RPN parameter number MSB: 00H (B3) 06 0C MIDI CH = 4, parameter value MSB: 0CH (B3) 26 00 MIDI CH = 4, parameter value LSB: 00H (B3) 64 7F MIDI CH = 4, RPN parameter number LSB: 7FH (B3) 65 7F MIDI CH = 4, RPN parameter number MSB: 7FH

Thus, this message transmits a parameter value of 0C 00H to RPN parameter number 00 00H on MIDI CH = 4, and then sets the RPN parameter number to 7F 7FH.

The function assigned to RPN parameter number 00 00H is Pitch Bend Sensitivity, and the MSB of the parameter value indicates semitone steps. Since the MSB of this parameter value is 0CH = 12, the maximum width of pitch bend is being set to +/-12 semitones (1 octave). (This instrument ignores the LSB of Pitch Bend Sensitivity, but it is best to transmit the LSB (parameter value 0) as well, so that the message can be correctly received by any device.)

Once the parameter number has been set for RPN or NRPN, all subsequent Data Entry messages on that channel will be effective. Thus, it is recommended that after you have made the change you want, you set the parameter number to 7F 7FH (an "unset" or "null" setting). The final (B3) 64 7F (B3) 65 7F is for this purpose.

It is not a good idea to store many events within the data of a song (e.g., a Standard MIDI File song) using running status as shown in <Example 4>. When the song is paused, fastforwarded or rewound, the sequencer may not be able to transmit the proper status, causing the sound source to misinterpret the data. It is best to attach the proper status byte to all events.

It is also important to transmit RPN or NRPN parameter number settings and parameter values in the correct order. On some sequencers, events occurring in the same (or consecutive) clock may be transmitted in an order different than the order in which they were received. For this reason it is a good idea to slightly skew the time of each event (about 1 tick for TPQN = 96, and about 5 ticks for TPQN = 480).

* TPQN: Ticks Per Quarter Note (i.e., the time resolution of the sequencer)

● Examples of Exclusive Messages and Calculating the Checksum

Roland exclusive messages (RQ1, DT1) are transmitted with a checksum at the end of the data (before F7) to check that the data was received correctly. The value of the checksum is determined by the address and data (or size) of the exclusive message.

❍

How to calculate the checksum (hexadecimal numbers are indicated by ‘H’)

The checksum consists of a value whose lower 7 bits are 0 when the address, size and checksum itself are added. The following formula shows how to calculate the checksum when the exclusive message to be transmitted has an address of aa bb cc ddH, and data or size of ee ffH.

aa + bb + cc + dd + ee + ff = total

total / 128 = quotient ... remainder

128 - remainder = checksum

<Example 1> Setting the Performance Common REVERB TYPE to HALL 1 (DT1) The "Parameter address map" indicates that the starting address of the Performance is 10 00 00 00H, that the Performance Common offset address is 00 00H, and that the REVERB TYPE address is 00 32H. Thus, the address is:

10 00 00 00H

00 00H

+) 00 32H

10 00 00 32H

Since HALL 1 is parameter value 03H, F0

41 10 00 1D 12 10 00 00 32 03 ?? F7

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) address size checksum (7) (1) Exclusive status (2) ID number (Roland)

(3) Device ID (17) (4) Model ID#1 (VariOS) (5) Model ID#2 (VariOS) (6) Command ID (DT1) (7) EOX

Next we calculate the checksum.

10H + 00H + 00H + 32H + 03H = 16 + 0 + 0 + 50 + 3 = 69 (sum)

69 (total) / 128 = 0 (quotient) ... 69 (remainder)

checksum = 128 - 69 (remainder) = 59 = 3BH

This means that F0 41 10 00 1D 12 01 00 00 32 03 3B F7 is the message we transmit.

● ASCII Code Table

On the VariOS, the following ASCII code set is used for processing data such as the Sample Name and the Performance Name.

+——————+——————+——————++——————+——————+——————++——————+——————+——————+ | D | H | Char || D | H | Char || D | H | Char | +——————+——————+——————++——————+——————+——————++——————+——————+——————+ | 32 | 20H | SP || 64 | 40H | @ || 96 | 60H | ` | | 33 | 21H | ! || 65 | 41H | A || 97 | 61H | a | | 34 | 22H | " || 66 | 42H | B || 98 | 62H | b | | 35 | 23H | # || 67 | 43H | C || 99 | 63H | c | | 36 | 24H | $ || 68 | 44H | D || 100 | 64H | d | | 37 | 25H | % || 69 | 45H | E || 101 | 65H | e | | 38 | 26H | & || 70 | 46H | F || 102 | 66H | f | | 39 | 27H | ` || 71 | 47H | G || 103 | 67H | g | | 40 | 28H | ( || 72 | 48H | H || 104 | 68H | h | | 41 | 29H | ) || 73 | 49H | I || 105 | 69H | i | | 42 | 2AH | * || 74 | 4AH | J || 106 | 6AH | j | | 43 | 2BH | + || 75 | 4BH | K || 107 | 6BH | k | | 44 | 2CH | , || 76 | 4CH | L || 108 | 6CH | l | | 45 | 2DH | - || 77 | 4DH | M || 109 | 6DH | m | | 46 | 2EH | . || 78 | 4EH | N || 110 | 6EH | n | | 47 | 2FH | / || 79 | 4FH | O || 111 | 6FH | o | | 48 | 30H | 0 || 80 | 50H | P || 112 | 70H | p | | 49 | 31H | 1 || 81 | 51H | Q || 113 | 71H | q | | 50 | 32H | 2 || 82 | 52H | R || 114 | 72H | r | | 51 | 33H | 3 || 83 | 53H | S || 115 | 73H | s | | 52 | 34H | 4 || 84 | 54H | T || 116 | 74H | t | | 53 | 35H | 5 || 85 | 55H | U || 117 | 75H | u | | 54 | 36H | 6 || 86 | 56H | V || 118 | 76H | v | | 55 | 37H | 7 || 87 | 57H | W || 119 | 77H | w | | 56 | 38H | 8 || 88 | 58H | X || 120 | 78H | x | | 57 | 39H | 9 || 89 | 59H | Y || 121 | 79H | y | | 58 | 3AH | : || 90 | 5AH | Z || 122 | 7AH | z | | 59 | 3BH | ; || 91 | 5BH | [ || 123 | 7BH | { | | 60 | 3CH | < || 92 | 5CH | \ || 124 | 7CH | | | | 61 | 3DH | = || 93 | 5DH | ] || 125 | 7DH | } | | 62 | 3EH | > || 94 | 5EH | ^ || 126 | 7EH | ~ | | 63 | 3FH | ? || 95 | 5FH | _ |+——————+——————+——————+ +——————+——————+——————++——————+——————+——————+

D: decimal H: hexadecimal

176

Note: SP indicates “space.”

Roland VARIOS Service Manual

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