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Confidential
Manual
TetraNode Base Station System
Page 2
© Copyright 2009-2015, Rohill Technologies B.V.
Issue 1.0, 18 November 2015 This version supersedes all previous versions. Please check
you have the latest version before continuing.
Information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment on the part of the manufacturer. This manual is copyrighted; it may not, in whole
or in part, be copied, photocopied, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or
machine readable form without prior consent in writing from Rohill Technologies B.V.
Rohill Technologies B.V. / Rohill Engineering B.V.
Edisonstraat 12
7903 AN Hoogeveen
The Netherlands
Telephone: +31 528 263355
Telefax: +31 528 271844
Internet: www.rohill.com
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Introduction TetraNode Base Station System
Change history
Version Date Name Changes
V1.0 18-11-15 HW team FCC version of manual. FCC warnings added.
Issue 1.0, 18 November 2015 Confidential iii
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Introduction TetraNode Base Station System
Warnings and Cautions
Caution:
This manual contains important information concerning installation, maintenance
and user instructions for the R-8070 based TetraNode Base Station.
Read the following pages before installing or using the equipment.
Warning:
This Equipment MUST be connected to a SAFETY EARTH.
Warning:
Do NOT operate the TetraNode Base Station without a suitable high-power 50Ω
load(s) or correctly tuned antenna system being connected.
Warning:
Do NOT touch or disconnect live (in use) antennas – RF energy can cause burns!
Warning:
Always ensure that the equipment is turned off before disconnecting antenna
cables.
Warning:
If working on a partially running site (half online), be careful of live power and
RF connections.
Warning:
If connecting to floating power supplies take care to minimise touch-currents.
Correctly earthed supplies are preferred over floating supplies.
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Introduction TetraNode Base Station System
Warning:
If dual power supplies are used for redundancy, ensure warnings are clearly
posted on the cabinet and double circuit isolators are provided.
Warning:
Do not connect equipment-room earth to the same earth used for the tower
lightning protection.
Warning:
Do NOT work on antenna cables or systems when there is any nearby/local
electrical storm activity.
Warning:
The protective earths within the TetraNode Base Station should be adequately
bonded to the electrical earth of the 19” rack cabinet and NOT to any lightning
protection system for transmitter-towers/antennas.
Warning:
The power supply for the TETRA Base Station is low-voltage, but is nonetheless
capable of delivering a hazardous energy level if short-circuited. Always
disconnect the power before working on this equipment or connected systems.
Warning:
All power installations must additionally comply with all local wiring
regulations.
Warning:
Do NOT fit 3rd party equipment into this cabinet. Operating the equipment with
non-Rohill-approved components inside invalidates all warranties and may
compromise your safety!
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Introduction TetraNode Base Station System
Warning:
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference
that may cause undesired operation.
Warning:
Rohill Engineering B.V. is not responsible for any changes or modification not
expressly approved by the party responsable for compliance. Such modifications
could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
Caution:
Service and /or maintenance of this equipment should only be carried out by
qualified and trained service technicians/personnel. Ensure cabinet and/or
equipment room is kept locked.
Caution:
This equipment is designed to transmit and receive RF signals for which a
license is normally required. Although the equipment complies with the
manufacturing requirements for such equipment, it is the responsibility of the
customer to obtain a suitable license and to ensure that local requirements and
compatibility issues are complied with.
Caution:
When testing a running base site, consider first the impact on users before
disconnecting equipment!
Caution:
The calibration of the crystal reference in the TBS-SYN can be detuned by
mechanical shock. References so affected must be reconnected to a GPS signal
until auto-calibration has settled and corrected any errors.
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Introduction TetraNode Base Station System
Caution:
The transmitter output and receiver input filters are qualified by Rohill for their
high performance and form part of the output filtering circuit. They must not be
replaced with alternatives nor be manually re-tuned.
Caution:
12VDC is present on the receiver inputs of the R-8070. Do NOT short circuit the
receiver inputs. Do NOT connect receivers to test equipment without a DC block.
Caution:
All unconnected connectors should remain unconnected unless otherwise stated
by Rohill. Unconnected connectors inside a BSS do not require any termination
either by design or by function.
This statement is not applicable for connectors meant for external connections
such as the ANT (antenna) output of combiners, power supply.
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Introduction TetraNode Base Station System
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ...................................................................................10
1.1 Scope ..........................................................................................................10
1.2 Base Station System overview .................................................................10
2 System Options .............................................................................11
2.1 Number of carriers .....................................................................................11
2.2 Cabinet ........................................................................................................11
2.3 Power supply ..............................................................................................11
2.4 Frequency bands .......................................................................................12
2.5 Transmitter output power ..........................................................................12
2.6 TBS-SYN Timing reference .......................................................................13
2.7 Line Interface(s) .........................................................................................14
2.8 Environmental ............................................................................................15
3 Technical description ...................................................................16
3.1 R-8070 transceiver .....................................................................................16
3.1.1 Transceiver User Interface (MMI) ................................................................16
3.1.2 Transceiver Alarms and Warnings ...............................................................21
3.2 Synchronisation TBS-SYN ........................................................................21
3.3 Connections ...............................................................................................22
3.3.1 R-8070 connections .....................................................................................22
3.3.2 R-855 TBS-SYN rear panel layout ...............................................................24
4 Installation and configuration ......................................................25
4.1 Equipment room requirements .................................................................25
4.1.1 Equipment-room earth .................................................................................26
4.2 Installation – floor standing cabinets .......................................................26
4.2.1 Ventilation and cooling .................................................................................27
4.3 Power-supply and Earthing .......................................................................27
4.3.1 Earthing .......................................................................................................28
4.3.2 AC Power cables .........................................................................................28
4.3.3 DC Power cables .........................................................................................29
4.3.4 Power supply ...............................................................................................29
4.4 Network Connections ................................................................................29
4.5 Antenna system .........................................................................................30
4.5.1 Lightning protection ......................................................................................30
4.5.2 Minimization of exposure to non-ionizing radiation .......................................30
4.6 BSS Configuration .....................................................................................31
5 Maintenance and replacement .....................................................32
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Introduction TetraNode Base Station System
5.1 General ........................................................................................................32
5.2 Maintenance policy ...................................................................................32
5.3 Maintenance ...............................................................................................32
6 Troubleshooting ............................................................................33
6.1 General ........................................................................................................33
6.2 R-8070 Alarm messages ............................................................................33
7 Specifications ................................................................................34
7.1 General transceiver specifications ...........................................................34
7.2 Receiver specifications .............................................................................34
7.3 Transmitter specifications ........................................................................35
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Introduction TetraNode Base Station System
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
This manual covers the R-8070 based TetraNode Base Station System. Available
options, a technical description and guidelines for its installation, operation and
maintenance are provided.
This manual covers all available frequency band variants and standard
configurations. Special configurations and external components such as power
back up systems and back-haul networks are not covered by this manual.
Guidance notes (for information) are written in italics.
Where specifications are given, these are for illustration as they may be subject to
change. The definitive figures should be checked on the appropriate product data
sheet.
The R-8070 transceiver MUST be operated in combination with the supplied
antenna combiner system. i.e. The antenna filters, combiners and low noise
amplifier are now part of the transceiver.
1.2 Base Station System overview
A TetraNode Base Station System is designed to provide the radio frequency
carriers for one TETRA base site. As standard it consists of one cabinet
containing one to four R-8070 transceivers and all the associated cabling, antenna
combining, synchronisation unit(s), optional fall-back site controller, line
interfacing and optional power supplies.
All Rohill Base Stations are supplied fully assembled and tested. It remains only
for antenna connections, power and system (network) connections to be made.
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2 System Options
2.1 Number of carriers
The standard number of carriers per cabinet is two or four. However cabinets can
be sub-equipped for one or three carrier configurations. If more than four carriers
per site are required, then multiple cabinets should be co-located.
2.2 Cabinet
The standard R-8070 Base Station System (1 to 4 carriers) is supplied in a
1670mm high (32U internal) 19” rack unit. 600x600mm footprint with lockable
front and rear doors. Colour light grey (RAL 7047). Front door is solid. Rear door
is ventilated (exhaust air) top and lower/middle. Main air inlet is under rack, main
air exhaust is lower/middle of rear door.
2.3 Power supply
TetraNode Base Station System
The standard R-8070 Base Station System is supplied from a single +24V
(nominal) DC connection. DC range is 18-36VDC negative earth. 3 and 4 carrier
systems are dual-redundant supply as standard. Switching power control and
backup (e.g. UPS) must be provided separately and externally. Supply options are
available for:
• 18-36VDC (nominal +24VDC) negative earth
• AC mains. Input range 100-240VAC 50/60Hz
The system is also prepared for 36-58VDC (nominal -48VDC) positive earth –
please enquire. Configurations can be:
• non-redundant, or
• dual-redundant
Single
power
BSS Cabinet
IP SWITCH, RMC etc.
input
PSU
D
C
R-8070
PSU
R-8070
Optional
carrier
Optional
Issue 1.0, 18 November 2015 Confidential 11
AC/DC PSUs
Simplified diagram
Page 12
TetraNode Base Station System
The R-8070 transceivers are each supplied from their own AC/DC PSU. For true
redundant operation two power supply input connections are required. Normally,
each input will power half of the equipment in the rack.
Dual
power
BSS Cabinet
IP SWITCH, RMC etc.
inputs
PSU
D
C
PSU
IP SWITCH, RMC etc.
PSU
PSU
Optional
AC/DC PSUs
Figure 2, Dual redundant power supply, 2-4 carriers
2.4 Frequency bands
R-8070
R-8070
R-8070
R-8070
Optional
carriers
Simplified diagram
The transceiver unit(s) used in the system have a fundamental tuning bandwidth of
20MHz. The transmitter and receiver can be independently tuned anywhere in this
range subject to permitted configurations [see ETSI TS 100 392-15].
Below 500MHz, this range is further constrained by the antenna filtering solution
to a pair of 5MHz sub-bands (normally 10MHz duplex offset). Above 500MHz,
with 45MHz duplex split, the full band is covered by one antenna system variant.
Standard duplex split is 10MHz when below 500MHZotherwise 45MHz. Other
duplex offsets are possible, but may be specials – please enquire. Reverse
operation is possible on all bands below 500MHz.
2.5 Transmitter output power
All powers are quoted as continuous rated RMS values. The maximum output
power of the R-8070 transceiver (before antenna combining) is +46dBm rms
(approx 40W). Lower powers (1dB steps down to 33dBm (2W)) are configured in
software.
Note: the approximate loss of a 2:1 hybrid + duplexer/Tx-filter is 4dB.
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2.6 TBS-SYN Timing reference
The R-8070 site always contains at least one timing reference. This can be either
with or without GPS receiver. Note - Seamless handover is only supported when
the system is locked to GPS. A second reference is fitted for dual-redundant
operation. The timing reference is normally powered from the R-8070
transceiver(s). Dual power inputs are available for sites with partial redundancy.
Specify if required. Timing references without GPS are factory calibrated against
GPS. They are designed to run for 10 years within specification.
Caution:
The calibration of the crystal reference in the TBS-SYN can be detuned by
mechanical shock. References so affected must be reconnected to a GPS signal
until auto-calibration has settled and corrected any errors.
TetraNode Base Station System
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2.7 Line Interface(s)
The standard for connecting TetraNode Base Station Systems to the back-haul
network (modems) is Ethernet 10/100baseT.
1 – 2 carrier systems contain one switch.
TetraNode Base Station System
Single IP/
BSS Cabinet
Ethernet
input
IP
switch
Figure 3, 1-2 carriers, FSC option, single switch
3 – 4 carriers systems are offered with a second switch for dual redundancy. A
second set of IP addresses are used in the redundant case.
BSS Cabinet
R-8070
R-8070
Options
Fallback controller
Simplified diagram
IP
R-8070
switch
Dual IP/
Ethernet
R-8070
input(s)
Options
Simplified diagram
IP
switch
R-8070
R-8070
Figure 4, 2-4 carriers, Dual line option, dual switches
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2.8 Environmental
The BSS is designed for operation in a dry weather protected and vibration-free
location. Exposure to solar radiation should be limited. High humidity can be
tolerated, but MUST be non-condensing conditions. Air conditioning is only
required if the performance envelope of the equipment inside the rack would
otherwise be exceeded. However, improved life time and performance will be
achieved if temperature is kept below extremes. Temperature performance of the
carriers is defined at the air-intake of the transceiver sub-rack.
TetraNode Base Station System
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3 Technical description
3.1 R-8070 transceiver
3.1.1 Transceiver User Interface (MMI)
The User Interface or Man-Machine Interface (MMI) is provided by a 4.3 inch
full-colour LED-backlit touch-screen LCD display mounted in the front panel see
Figure 5.
Figure 5, R-8070 transceiver front view
Status, error-codes, heart-beat, configuration and diagnostic/test information can
TetraNode Base Station System
be shown.
After a time-out the display will revert to a screen-saver mode. This can be
disabled.
3.1.1.1 MMI operation
At power-up the touch-screen MMI will initially show a TetraNode splash screen
whilst the carrier is booting up.
The display will then directly enter the System Settings sub-screen:
Figure 6, R-8070 MMI generic screen layout
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The generic layout of each sub-screen is:
Screen title system-time
TetraNode Base Station System
Information area
Indicators
Information
Tab-keys
Touching the screen anywhere in the information area will return the user to the
top level screen:
Figure 7, R-8070 MMI Top-level screen
This screen has three navigation buttons and one button (bottom right) to toggle
screen-save on/off. When enabled, the display (default) will enter a screen save
mode after a time-out period of 60 seconds (10 seconds if after clearing an alarm).
The screen saver is a left-scrolling image:
touching the screen will exit screen-save and return to the last viewed screen.
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The navigation keys correspond to the three sub-screens described below.
3.1.1.2 Menu Map
The top level menu (Figure 7) presents three choices. The categories within each
of these then operate as a “tab” selection, i.e. the selected sub-sub-category is
highlighted with a blue tab-key.
Top Level ------
select one of the following three categories:
SETTINGS ---
System
serial number
uptime (days hours:minutes)
Firmware version
I/O FPGA version
Rx/Tx FPGA version
TetraNode Base Station System
Channel
Network
Primary SYN1 serial number
Secondary SYN2 serial number
IP address
Frequency band (3|4|8)
Channel number
Frequency offset (-6.25kHz|0kHz|
+6.25kHz|+12.5kHz)
Duplex spacing
Reverse operation (yes|no)
Transmit frequency (MHz)
Receive frequency (MHz)
Mobile country code
Mobile network code
Base-station colour code
TNX (name, description)
Rx/Tx
Receive diversity (on|off,on|off,on|off)
Transmitter standby timeout
PA temperature limits (warning/abs-
max)
Power level
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Alarm
STATUS ---
Controller
Receiver
TetraNode Base Station System
list of alarms & warnings
-see section 6.2
uptime (days hours:minutes)
Connection (TNSP | IP-Link)
TNX (name, description)
card temperature (C)
RSSI value (dBm) by time-slot and
receiver
uplink assignment summary (1 row)
scrolling histogram of received data
card temperature (C)
Transmitter
Output (W)
scrolling histogram of transmitted slot
PA temperature (C)
Tx card temperature (C)
PSU
input voltage (V)
card temperature(C)
Alarm
black – unallocated
blue – control-channel
yellow – traffic
types
list of alarms & warnings
-see section 6.2
SYSTEM ---
IP address (when empty DHCP used)
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TetraNode Base Station System
[keypad}, <backspace> and <enter>
keys for setting:
IP address
network mask
Default gateway
Reset
press both buttons (sequentially),
within 1 second, to reset the carrier.
Caution:
Please note that if this soft-button is used during normal operation it will cause an
interruption of service to the users.
Alarm
list of alarms & warnings
-see section 6.2
3.1.1.3 MMI status indicators
There are five indicators on the right hand side of the display. These have the
following meanings:
(green) Reserved for future use
(black/red) ALARM indicator
(black/blue) Tx ON indicator
(black/yellow) Rx ACTIVE
(black/green) CONNECTED to TNX or ber-test, (white) LOCAL
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3.1.2 Transceiver Alarms and Warnings
If an alarm state occurs, the Alarm tab-key is highlighted red. An alarm is
something that is critical to continued operation, e.g. will/has caused failure.
If a warning state occurs, the alarm tab-key is highlighted yellow. A warning is
something that affects performance but is non-critical e.g. temperature unusually
high. In normal operation, the alarm tab-key is black or blue(selected). For a full
list of alarms & warnings see section 6.2 If the transceiver is in screen-saver
mode, the display will “wake-up” when an alarm or warning occurs.
3.2 Synchronisation TBS-SYN
The TBS-SYN provides a high stability reference clock from a precision oven-
controlled oscillator. Once calibrated, this oscillator will stay within specification
for ten years or more. However free-running systems (no GPS antenna) should be
periodically checked for accuracy in case of mechanical shock or other detuning.
TetraNode Base Station System
Fitting the GPS receiver antenna is strongly recommended. GPS satellite timing
signals provide a master reference to phase lock and auto-calibrate the ovened
crystal reference. GPS reception is essential for systems supporting seamless
handover.
One unit can synchronise up to 16 transceivers. Two units are fitted in dual-
redundant system designs. Connections to transceivers are made with star
connected RJ-45 cables. Power and timing-reference cables are <3m to comply
with EMC requirements.
The TBS-SYN is designed to be powered from one or two R-8070 base station
transceivers. The second power cable is only fitted as a special as it is only
required by partially redundant systems. E.g. in the case that one TBS must be
removed without disabling the other(s).
A TBS-SYN contains one GPS receiver with a 3.3V DC power output on the
receiver MCX connector for powering a remote active antenna. The antenna and
lightning protection must guarantee a DC feed with no short circuit to the active
antenna.
Management and GPS signal quality information is available to the network via
the transceiver control.
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3.3 Connections
3.3.1 R-8070 connections
3.3.1.1 IP connections
In normal systems standard Ethernet network components can be used. However
some basic checks should be made:
First make sure that the Ethernet backbone is a dedicated service with a high
degree of reliability, say at least an availability of >99.99%. Virtual private
networks over the Internet may be cost effective, but are unreliable, especially
considering the packet delay and jitter.
Secondly, it is desirable to use a Quality of Service mechanism using DiffServ,
also called Differentiated Services Codepoint (DSCP). This allows the operator to
carry different classes of traffic over the IP network, the service for connecting
TetraNode Base Station System
TetraNode base stations will use Expedited Forwarding mode. Make sure this is
supported.
3.3.1.2 Transmit Antenna connector
The female-N-type Tx power connector at the rear of the transceiver has a 50 Ω
unbalanced characteristic impedance. It is connected to the antenna system with a
good quality flexible double screened coaxial cable.
The transmitter antenna system should always provide at least 80dB transmit to
receive isolation. Therefore always ensure good connections and maximise Rx-
Tx cable separations.
Isolators are built-into 20MHz bandwidth PAs as standard, thus the R-8070 is
suitable for multi-Tx sites without supplementary intermodulation protection.
Extra isolators are also present in the hybrid or cavity combiners.
There is a red-LED next to the output connector. Do NOT remove the
antenna/load if this is lit.
Caution:
transmitter cables are often critical lengths and should not be cut or mixed up.
This is especially true for cavity combiners.
3.3.1.3 Receiver Antenna connectors
The three female snap fit QMA receiver antenna(s) connectors at the rear have a
nominal 50 Ω unbalanced characteristic impedance. All three inputs are
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TetraNode Base Station System
equivalent. To provide diversity gain, connect the receivers to physically
separated antennas. Ideal diversity separation 7 to 10 lambda (wavelengths). For
best performance, diversity antennas should be at the same height (so that they
receive comparable average powers)
If multiple R-8070s are used on one site, then received signals are normally split
with a Receiver Multi-Coupler. The amplifier in the Coupler must have noise
figure and OIP3 performance similar to the R-8070 in order to preserve
performance.
On sites with strong signals from other systems, ensure that the receiver amplifier
is far from overload. A band limiting filter (pre-selector) should always be fitted
(usually part of receiver multi-coupler or duplex filter).
Transmit-receive isolation should exceed 80dB. Use double-screened coax and
maximize physical separations between Rx-Tx (e.g. dress cables on opposite side
of the rack).
Unused receivers should be disabled (see configuration) to optimize system
performance.
3.3.1.4 Synchronization inputs
The reference frequency and synchronization data from the TBS-SYN enters the
R-8070 via the SYNC input connector. The spare input is for use in dual-
redundant systems.
The R-8070 is designed for a (dual) star connection of synchronisation clocks.
3.3.1.5 RS-232 / DE-9 connector
An asynchronous RS-232 serial port is available on the DE-9 connector.
This connector is intended only for testing and alignment of the R-8070 during
manufacturing, and cannot be used during normal operation and maintenance.
3.3.1.6 Protective earth
One of the rear panel mounting screws should be connected to the rack protective
ground with a short heavy-gauge cable (minimum cable 7/0.85 mm (4 mm2)). To
minimise inductance, this cable should NOT be looped/ coiled as it is to provide
operator and equipment protection from fast transients and surges. The equipment
rack/housing in turn should use a heavier gauge cable/strap to connect to the
communications room protective earth.
If in doubt, consult an expert on lightning protection.
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Warning:
The protective earths within the TetraNode Base Station should be adequately
bonded to the electrical earth of the 19” rack cabinet and NOT to any lightning
protection system for transmitter-towers/antennas.
3.3.2 R-855 TBS-SYN rear panel layout
Figure 8: TBS-SYN rear panel connector layout
IN 1
IN 2
RS232
I/O
LEDs
GPS
TetraNode Base Station System
Synchronisation outputs 1..16
3.3.2.1 Connector Details
Label Description
IN 1, IN 2 Twin DC power inputs 12-13.8V
RS-232 (DE-9) Connector for RS-232 diagnostics - factory only
I/O Input/Output (DB-25) connections for 3rd party anciallries etc.
LEDs PWR Power on (green)
GPS Female MCX connector with +3.3VDC on centre pin for GPS
Sync out 1..16 RJ45 x 16 Synchronisation outputs
{pin-out definition required}
ALRM Alarm present (red)
PPS Pulse per second (green)
GPS# GPS locked (yellow)
active antenna.
Connect earth cable with ring termination under one of the rear
panel screws
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4 Installation and configuration
The initial alignment and calibration (and if required, factory acceptance testing)
of the units is performed in the factory. This section describes the installation after
delivery. The cabinets are shipped fully equipped and ready for use. The basic
sequence for installation should be:
1. antenna earths and lightning protection
2. equipment room earths (separate from (1))
3. antennas and cables
4. equipment room power-supplies and lighting
5. cabinet placement
6. cabinet earths
7. antenna connections
TetraNode Base Station System
8. network connections
9. cabinet power connections
10. configure, test and commission (include updating site documentation)
Warning:
Ensure that cables do NOT lie across any sharp metal edges. This applies to ALL
cables of all types.
4.1 Equipment room requirements
Equipment must always be operated in a secure manner – i.e. with locked doors
and/or in locked “authorised access only” areas. Thus, if possible, choose
equipment room locations that are secure, but do not require extra special
permissions/training for personnel requiring access (e.g. intrinsic safe areas in oil
refineries or hygiene restrictions of drinking-water towers).
All standard TetraNode variants are designed for installation in a weather
protected (dry) environments, i.e. an equipment room, except for some specials,
such as the “ultra-lite” and transportable cabinets
In all cases, humidity may be high, but must be non-condensing. Condensation
may be prevented by keeping equipment temperatures higher than circulating air
temperature. Consider the likelihood of rapid rises in air temperature that may
leave equipment (with high thermal mass) temporarily at a lower temperature.
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In the equipment room, ensure that temperature remains within the maximum and
minimum operating-limits of the equipment in use. This is usually defined with
respect to the (ambient) air inlet of the component in question. It may be
necessary to consider the effects of closed cabinet operation and (for specials)
ancillary equipment that may be mounted in the rack.
Requirements for air conditioning (chillers) can usually be avoided due to the
wide operating range for TetraNode equipment, thus saving considerably on
running costs. NB Low temperature operation will generally lead to longer
equipment life.
The equipment room should be dry and relatively dust free (clean) and vermin
free. For all other environments, the equipment should be fitted in an appropriate
environmental housing.
4.1.1 Equipment-room earth
The equipment room should have its own low-impedance protective earth system
TetraNode Base Station System
separate from that of the antenna tower. All incoming/outgoing cables should also
be protected (earthed) at the entry point to the equipment room.
Equipment room earth should ideally be constructed as a “halo” over the
equipment with connections to ground at the corners. This effectively creates a
Faraday cage over and around the equipment.
Warning:
Do not connect equipment-room earth to the same earth used for the tower
lightning protection.
When sited near railways also consider extra shielding from magnetic fields and
anti-vibration mounts for equipment.
4.2 Installation – floor standing cabinets
Standard R-8070 Base Station configurations are supplied in a 37.5U 19” floor
standing cabinet (600x600mm footprint) with supporting shelves or slide rails.
The system components are held in the rack by M6 (pozidrive) screws.
The cabinet is designed for internal-cable access at the rear and normal
operation/monitoring from the front.
External cables can enter either through the cabinet floor or the lid.
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The rack is supported on four feet, but also has two wheels at the front for easy
installation. When in position, wind the feet down to equalise the support and
level the cabinet.
Ensure that the rear panel can be lifted off if required and the associated earth
strap can be removed/replaced without damage.
Ensure that the cabinet will be adequately lit when being worked on. NB. Doors
are hinged on the left.
Ensure the earth is connected first.
4.2.1 Ventilation and cooling
Cool air is required at the front/underside of the R-8070 cabinet. Hot air is
exhausted at the rear/top. Ensure that hot air is NOT recirculated into the inlet.
Sufficient ventilation to remove typically 190 W per carrier (on full power) and
TetraNode Base Station System
worst case 250 W should be provided. Typically an area of 2 x (15 cm x15 cm)
per carrier should be sufficient for the inlets and outlets respectively.
Allow extra ventilation for cooling of hybrid combiner, power supplies, fall-back
site controller, IP-switch and TEP-rack, as required.
Ensure that the installation location is clean to prevent build up of dust in the
ventilation grills. Ventilation ducts should be screened with a thin mesh of ~1 cm
to keep vermin/debris out and yet not get clogged with dust.
4.3 Power-supply and Earthing
Warning:
All power installations must additionally comply with all local wiring regulations.
Warning:
The cabinet(s) must be supplied via READILY ACCESSIBLE power switch(es).
Warning:
If dual power supplies are used for redundancy, ensure warnings are clearly
posted on the cabinet and double circuit isolators are provided. Each isolator must
be double-pole, with certified breaking capacity and voltage rating suitable for the
cabinet version in question.
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The protective earth point within the TETRA Base Station cabinet should be
adequately bonded to the electrical earth of the 19” rack cabinet and NOT to any
lightning protection system for transmitter-towers/antennas.
If connecting to floating power supplies take care to minimise touch-currents.
Correctly earthed supplies are preferred over floating supplies.
4.3.1 Earthing
Firstly - All cabinets must first be permanently cross-bonded (connected)
to the protective earth point(s) to protect operators from dangerous
TetraNode Base Station System
Warning:
Warning:
surges and possible touch currents from 3rd party equipment. Use only a
single star connection point. Max cable length 2m. Use double crimped or
soldered and strain-relieved ring terminals, do not use spade terminals.
Earth connections must be low impedance (minimum cable cross section MUST
exceed that of the (total) supply cable. In any case minimum 7/0.85 mm cable (4
mm2) per two carriers.
Once the protective earth connection is made, other work may proceed.
If multiple cabinets are installed, independently star-connect them to the safety
earths.
If third party equipment (e.g. power supplies, line equipment) are used, check that
the touch currents (leakage to ground) will not accidentally trip building RCDs
(residual current breakers).
4.3.2 AC Power cables
All cables must be installed so as to avoid abrasion (wear) and other forms of
damage. Do not run cables over any unprotected metal edges.
The AC power cable must use conductors with cross sectional area ≥1.25mm2 per
cabinet. Use only (marked) certified cable types (tested for safety and compliance
with ratings).
Supplied power cables can be directly connected into isolation switches. Always
switch both live and neutral (or in a DC system + and - ). Switches MUST be
located in a readily accessible location.
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Dual power supply installations must be clearly labelled and equipped with dual
circuit isolators. Each isolator must be double-pole, with certified current-
breaking capacity and voltage rating suitable for the cabinet version in question.
4.3.3 DC Power cables
A low impedance DC power supply should be connected to the transceiver power
supply input connector (two pins only). The connector is a Phoenix type and is
available from Rohill or your Rohill distributor. Use colour-coded multi-strand
cable with a minimum cross-section of 2.0 mm2 per transceiver for the power
supply. All cables should be insulated and be strain relieved as a short circuit
could cause a fire hazard. If long cables are used (>1.5m), compensate for voltage
drop and protect against transients and surges. Maximum cable length 3m.
Power cables with 7/0.85 mm (4 mm2) cross section with conductors are suitable
for one pair of carriers.
A cabinet with 3 or 4 carriers is designed for double cables, 2 positive and 2
TetraNode Base Station System
negative cables because the single cable alternative would be more than twice as
heavy. Supply redundancy is therefore standard for 3 and 4 carrier configurations.
4.3.4 Power supply
Ensure the power supply is capable of providing more than the rated power of the
cabinet under all conditions, allowing also for turn-on surges.
If necessary protect equipment from brown-out (voltage dip), over-voltage and
supply failures.
Although the power inputs are protected against transients and surges, if
connecting to an alternator or generator system (especially a vehicular/generator
power supply) care must be taken to provide additional filtering of
noise/transients.
4.4 Network Connections
IP over Ethernet requires 50 kbps bandwidth per R-8070.
In either case, total delay to the TNX should not exceed 20ms. If it does, the
system will still work, but PTT delays will be increased. Also ensure that the jitter
is kept below 4 ms to minimise buffer sizes.
The IP address(es) for the transceiver can be entered via the front panel LCD.
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4.5 Antenna system
4.5.1 Lightning protection
Warning:
The reader is advised to seek specialist advice on this subject1. Rohill accepts no
liability for failure of designs that may be based upon the following advice!
DO NOT WORK ON OR TOUCH ANY SYSTEM WHEN LOCAL
ELECTRICAL STORM ACTIVITY IS PRESENT.
A correctly designed lightning protection system can protect a radio transmitter
from the effects of most direct strikes. Adding effective protection to a system
after initial installation can be considerably more difficult, therefore consider
lightning protection requirements from the outset of system design.
Lightning protection components are not supplied as standard and are the
responsibility of the antenna-site engineer.
TetraNode Base Station System
4.5.2 Minimization of exposure to non-ionizing radiation
In Europe, in order to comply with Council
Recommendation 1999/519/EC on "Limitation of
exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields
(0 Hz to 300 GHz)" the following actions should be
performed for every new or re-engineered transmitter
site.
Figure 9,
Non-ionizing radiation warning
• As a minimum, the commissioning engineer should perform a calculation
to show that the general public will not be exposed to electromagnetic
fields in excess of the recommended levels. This calculation is to be signed
and stored with the commissioning documentation file for the site.
As an alternative to calculation, a measurement may be made to
demonstrate compliance in which case calibration details of measuring
equipment and measurement results should be recorded in the file.
• Where service/maintenance personnel require access to areas that will
exceed the levels stated for exposure of the General Public, non-ionizing
radiation warning signs are to be displayed (see Figure 9).
1
Polphasor Corp. have several suitable publications on this subject. E.g. The “Grounds” for Lightning and EMP
Protection by Roger R. Block
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4.6 BSS Configuration
The configuration of the carriers in a TetraNode BSS is fully automatic once all
the necessary connections are made and the unit is powered on.
At power on, the BSS carriers announce themselves to the TNX. The R-8070
identities are captured by the TNX by means of the Plug and Play procedure. The
identities are matched against system configuration database and configuration are
sent to each unit. New (unknown) carriers will be automatically added to the
database and made visible in the NMS.
The manual for the NMS describes the exact procedure used to configure an
R-8070 carrier and also gives detailed information about the parameters.
In summary, the following parameters are sent to a BSS to configure a carrier:
• Channel number
(channel# = (frequency_in_MHz - Base_Frequency )/0.025)
where Base Frequency = 300, 400 or 800 MHz.
TetraNode Base Station System
• Transmitter output power (dBm, 1dB steps)
• Duplex orientation (Tx high | Tx low), default = Tx high,
only variable for frequencies below 500MHz
• Duplex offset, (7 | 8 | 10 | 18| 45)
default= 10MHz below 500MHz, otherwise 45MHz
• Receiver selection (enable | disable), default= all enabled
To minimise received noise and reduce power consumption, unused Rx
inputs should be disabled.
The basic procedure is as follows:
1. Power-up the BSScabinet. The R-8070s announce to the TNX but the blue
Sync display marker is still off.
2. If required, a TETRA site must be created in the NMS. All parameters for
the site have a default value, which is sufficient in case of a single site
system. For a multi site system the parameters need to be configured to
enable handovers. Make sure the site is enabled.
3. Now the R-8070 carriers must be associated with site. Fill in the carrier
number and select the channel plan profile. Select the required output
power and enable the receivers to be used.
4. The carrier will now become enabled. The blue Sync display marker will
illuminate to indicate that the R-8070 is registered and enabled on the TX.
After a timeout only the heartbeat will be shown on the display to indicate
that the device is in service and ready to operate.
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5 Maintenance and replacement
5.1 General
This section describes the preventive maintenance actions for the TETRA Base
Station System. It also describes the replacement of the components within a BSS.
Defective units are replaced as a complete unit and repaired in the factory.
5.2 Maintenance policy
There are NO end-user or distributor serviceable parts within the components of a
TetraNode Base Station (such as an R-8070 or R-855 TBS-SYN). Spare parts are
complete sub-rack components.
Spares holding and support requirements should be negotiated through your Rohill
representative.
The network connection(s) can be used for actions such as remote download of
TetraNode Base Station System
software updates. The transceiver controller can hold multiple software versions
and permits synchronised network change-over between software versions.
5.3 Maintenance
The TetraNode Base Station System is designed as a maintenance-free
installation. No alignment is normally necessary during the lifetime of the
equipment. Also no consumables are necessary to keep the system in operation.
Preventive maintenance should include the following checks to ensure the system
is operating within specification limits. These tests can be performed from the
NMS. See the NMS user manual for detailed information how to obtain the
information.
• Check PA temperature (and fan speed); if this is significantly above
normal limits, the airflow may be obstructed.
• Check the RF output power of the R-8070. The measured power should be
within 2 dB of the selected RF output power. If the measured power is
outside these limits, first check whether the problem is caused by antenna
mismatch (fault). If not, the R-8070 should be replaced.
• To check for antenna system mismatch, check the reflected power. The
measured reflected power should be below 30% of the selected RF output
power. If the reflected power is higher, verify whether the antenna, coaxial
cables, duplexer and combining equipment are working/tuned correctly.
• Check the Alarm and Failure flags. If there are any reported errors, take
action to clear them as described in section Error codes R-8070.
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6 Troubleshooting
6.1 General
Caution:
Service and /or maintenance of the equipment should only be carried out by
qualified service technicians.
Diagnostics are performed locally or remotely with appropriate software and
repair is by component replacement.
Fault find should be step by step to prove that each component of the system is
operating normally. Faults can often be isolated by swapping suspect units with
known good ones, however exercise care not to damage further equipment e.g.
due to faulty antenna or power connections.
TetraNode Base Station System
6.2 R-8070 Alarm messages
The R-8070 executes continuous measurements on critical parameters such as
output power and level of linearization (which influences the quality of the
transmitted signal). Errors are indicated by means of error codes shown on the
front panel of the R-8070.
Code Description Possible remedy
A1 No TNX connection 1. Check TNSP (V.11) cable
A2 Base station disabled
A3 IP data link failure 1. Check IP connections
A4 R-8070 disabled for maintenance Contact distributor
Table 1, R-8070 error messages
2. Check if TNX / FSC is running
2. Check if TNX / FSC is running
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7 Specifications
7.1 General transceiver specifications
Parameter Specification
Manufacturer Rohill, http://www.rohill.com
Type R-8070
Power supply voltage 18 to 36 V
Power consumption per carrier
(excludes ancillary site equipment)
Physical dimension (WxHxD) 432 x 88 x 350 mm
Weight 9.6 kg
Operating temperature -25 ºC to +60 ºC
Storage temperature -40 ºC to +85 ºC
Humidity < 95%, non condensing
Table 2, General specifications
35 W standby
180 W typical for 40W
300 W maximum
(24 VDC nominal)
DC
RF output
rms
TetraNode Base Station System
7.2 Receiver specifications
Parameter Specification
Rx Frequency 350-370, 380-400, 410-430, 450-470, 806-825 MHz
Duplex Spacing ** Variable 4 to 10MHz reversible below 500MHz,
Carrier Spacing 25 kHz
Frequency Offset -6.25, 0, +6.25 or +12.5 kHz
Modulation Format
Channel access 4 slot TDMA
Gross Data Rate 36 kbps
Sensitivity (static) –120 dBm (typical), minimum –119 dB
Sensitivity (dynamic) –112 dBm (typical)
Diversity gain (static)* two way 1.5 dB; three way 2.4 dB
Diversity gain (dynamic)* two way > 5 dB; three way > 7.5 dB
Receiver Class Class A (Propagation models: static, TU50, and HT200)
Dynamic Range Max. input -10 dBm (BER 0%)
Co-channel Interference Rejection ≥ 19 dB
Adjacent channel Interference
Rejection
Table 3, Receiver specifications
* depending on antenna and environment
45 MHz above 500MHz
π/4 DQPSK
≥ 45 dB
** all duplex splits possible within Rx and Tx band are possible subject to TETRA specification
TS100 392-15
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7.3 Transmitter specifications
.
Parameter Specification
Tx Frequency 350-370; 380-400; 410-430; 450-470; 851-870 MHz
Duplex Spacing Variable 4 to 10 MHz reversible, 45 MHz
Carrier Spacing 25 kHz
Frequency Offset -6,25, 0, +6,25 or +12,5 kHz
TetraNode Base Station System
Modulation Format
Data Rate 36 kbps
ITU Emission Designation 18K0 G7W
Max Tx Output Power 33 - 46 dBm (2.0 – 40 W
Tx Power Tolerance ± 1.0 dB (TETRA specification: ± 2.0 dB normal conditions)
Frequency Error With TBS-SYN: GPS stability, without GPS:
Transmit Intermodulation
Attenuation
Transmitter Modulation
Accuracy
Residual Carrier Magnitude < 5% of the magnitude of the modulation symbol
VSWR of Output < 1.4:1
Max. VSWR of load < 3: continuous operation
Table 4, Transmitter specifications
π/4 DQPSK
)
rms
adjustable in 1 dB steps
< 0.02 ppm below 700MHz <0.01ppm above 700MHz)
Single TBS / site: < -40 dBc
Multiple TBS / site: < -70 dBc (with single isolator)
RMS vector error: < 10% in any burst
Peak vector error magnitude: < 30% for any symbol
> 3: transmit power turned off + warning
Maximum VSWR: 20
Issue 1.0, 18 November 2015 Confidential 35
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