®
R&S
ZNLE
Vector Network Analyzer
Getting Started
(=GL×2)
1323287302
Version 14
This manual applies to the following R&S®ZNLE models with firmware version
1.61 and higher:
●
R&S®ZNLE3, 1 MHz* to 3 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors,
order no. 1323.0012K53
●
R&S®ZNLE4, 1 MHz* to 4.5 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors,
order no. 1323.0012K54
●
R&S®ZNLE6, 1 MHz* to 6 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors,
order no. 1323.0012K56
●
R&S®ZNLE14, 1 MHz* to 14 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors,
order no. 1323.0012K64
●
R&S®ZNLE18, 1 MHz* to 18 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors,
order no. 1323.0012K70
* 100 kHz with R&S®ZNLE-B100 low frequency extension option
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners.
1323.2873.02 | Version 14 | R&S®ZNLE
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g.
R&S®ZNLE is indicated as R&S ZNLE.
R&S®ZNLE
Contents
1 Safety and regulatory information....................................... 5
1.1 Safety instructions................................................................................5
1.2 Labels on R&S ZNLE............................................................................ 8
1.3 Warning messages in the documentation..........................................8
1.4 Korea certification class A...................................................................9
2 Documentation overview.................................................... 10
2.1 Getting started manual.......................................................................10
2.2 User manuals and help.......................................................................10
Contents
2.3 Service manual....................................................................................10
2.4 Instrument security procedures........................................................ 11
2.5 Printed safety instructions.................................................................11
2.6 Data sheets and brochures................................................................ 11
2.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)...............11
2.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc................. 12
2.9 Calibration certificate......................................................................... 12
3 Preparing for use................................................................. 13
3.1 Lifting and carrying............................................................................ 13
3.2 Unpacking and checking....................................................................13
3.3 Choosing the operating site.............................................................. 14
3.4 Setting up the R&S ZNLE................................................................... 14
3.5 Connecting to power.......................................................................... 16
3.6 Switching on or off............................................................................. 17
3.7 Connecting to LAN............................................................................. 18
3.8 Connecting a keyboard...................................................................... 20
3.9 Connecting an external monitor........................................................20
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R&S®ZNLE
3.10 Windows operating system................................................................23
3.11 Logging on.......................................................................................... 25
3.12 Considerations for test setup............................................................ 27
Contents
4 Instrument tour.................................................................... 29
4.1 Front panel view..................................................................................29
4.2 Rear panel view...................................................................................36
5 Trying out the instrument................................................... 40
5.1 Performing measurements................................................................ 40
5.2 Zooming into the display................................................................... 50
5.3 Saving settings................................................................................... 51
5.4 Printing and saving results................................................................53
6 Operating the instrument....................................................55
6.1 Understanding the Display Information............................................55
6.2 Accessing the functionality............................................................... 57
6.3 Entering data....................................................................................... 62
6.4 Touchscreen gestures........................................................................64
6.5 Getting help......................................................................................... 67
7 Customer support................................................................69
7.1 Collecting information for support....................................................69
7.2 Contacting customer support............................................................71
Index..................................................................................... 73
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Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
1 Safety and regulatory information
The product documentation helps you use the product safely and efficiently. Follow the instructions provided here and in the following chapters.
Intended use
The product is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments. Use the product only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating
conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you of potential
dangers and gives instructions on how to prevent personal injury or damage
caused by dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
In Chapter 1.1, "Safety instructions", on page 5. The same information is
provided in many languages as printed "Safety Instructions". The printed
"Safety Instructions" are delivered with the product.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you
need to take care during setup or operation.
1.1 Safety instructions
Products from the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies are manufactured
according to the highest technical standards. To use the products safely, follow
the instructions provided here and in the product documentation. Keep the product documentation nearby and offer it to other users.
Use the product only for its intended use and within its performance limits. Intended use and limits are described in the product documentation such as the data
sheet, manuals and the printed "Safety Instructions". If you are unsure about the
appropriate use, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
Using the product requires specialists or specially trained personnel. These users
also need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user
interfaces and the product documentation are available.
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R&S®ZNLE
Never open the casing of the product. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product. If any part of the product is
damaged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer
service at http://www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com.
Lifting and carrying the product
The maximum weight of the product is provided in the data sheet. To move the
product safely, you can use lifting or transporting equipment such as lift trucks
and forklifts. Follow the instructions provided by the equipment manufacturer.
Choosing the operating site
Only use the product indoors. The product casing is not waterproof. Water that
enters can electrically connect the casing with live parts, which can lead to electric shock, serious personal injury or death if you touch the casing. If
Rohde & Schwarz provides accessories designed for your product, e.g. a carrying
bag, you can use the product outdoors.
Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
Unless otherwise specified, you can operate the product up to an altitude of
2000 m above sea level. The product is suitable for pollution degree 2 environments where nonconductive contamination can occur. For more information on
environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the
data sheet.
Setting up the product
Always place the product on a stable, flat and level surface with the bottom of the
product facing down. If the product is designed for different positions, secure the
product so that it cannot fall over.
If the product has foldable feet, always fold the feet completely in or out to ensure
stability. The feet can collapse if they are not folded out completely or if the product is moved without lifting it. The foldable feet are designed to carry the weight of
the product, but not an extra load.
If stacking is possible, keep in mind that a stack of products can fall over and
cause injury.
If you mount products in a rack, ensure that the rack has sufficient load capacity
and stability. Observe the specifications of the rack manufacturer. Always install
the products from the bottom shelf to the top shelf so that the rack stands
securely. Secure the product so that it cannot fall off the rack.
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R&S®ZNLE
Connecting to power
The product is an overvoltage category II product. Connect the product to a fixed
installation used to supply energy-consuming equipment such as household
appliances and similar loads. Keep in mind that electrically powered products
have risks, such as electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Take the following measures for your safety:
●
Before switching on the product, ensure that the voltage and frequency indicated on the product match the available power source. If the power adapter
does not adjust automatically, set the correct value and check the rating of the
fuse.
●
Only use the power cable delivered with the product. It complies with countryspecific safety requirements. Only insert the plug into an outlet with protective
conductor terminal.
●
Only use intact cables and route them carefully so that they cannot be damaged. Check the power cables regularly to ensure that they are undamaged.
Also ensure that nobody can trip over loose cables.
Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
●
If the product needs an external power supply, use the power supply that is
delivered with the product or that is recommended in the product documentation or a power supply that conforms to the country-specific regulations.
●
Only connect the product to a power source with a fuse protection of maximum 20 A.
●
Ensure that you can disconnect the product from the power source at any
time. Pull the power plug to disconnect the product. The power plug must be
easily accessible. If the product is integrated into a system that does not meet
these requirements, provide an easily accessible circuit breaker at the system
level.
Cleaning the product
Use a dry, lint-free cloth to clean the product. When cleaning, keep in mind that
the casing is not waterproof. Do not use liquid cleaning agents.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential hazards.
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R&S®ZNLE
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
Electrical hazard
Indicates live parts. Risk of electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Hot surface
Do not touch. Risk of skin burns. Risk of fire.
Protective conductor terminal
Connect this terminal to a grounded external conductor or to protective ground. This
connection protects you against electric shock if an electric problem occurs.
1.2 Labels on R&S ZNLE
Safety and regulatory information
Warning messages in the documentation
Labels on the casing inform about:
●
Personal safety, see "Meaning of safety labels" on page 7
●
Product and environment safety, see Table 1-1
●
Identification of the product, see Chapter 4.2.8, "Device ID", on page 39
Table 1-1: Labels regarding R&S ZNLE and environment safety
Labeling in line with EN 50419 for disposal of electrical and electronic equipment after
the product has come to the end of its service life. For more information, see the product user manual, chapter "Disposal".
1.3 Warning messages in the documentation
A warning message points out a risk or danger that you need to be aware of. The
signal word indicates the severity of the safety hazard and how likely it will occur
if you do not follow the safety precautions.
CAUTION
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in minor or moderate injury if not
avoided.
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R&S®ZNLE
NOTICE
Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to
other property.
Safety and regulatory information
Korea certification class A
1.4 Korea certification class A
이 기기는 업무용(A급) 전자파 적합기기로서 판매자 또는 사용자는 이 점을 주의하
시기 바라며, 가정외의 지역에서 사용하는 것을 목적으로 합니다.
9Getting Started 1323.2873.02 ─ 14
R&S®ZNLE
Documentation overview
Service manual
2 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S ZNLE user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S ZNLE product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZNLE
2.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S ZNLE and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general
information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for
download on the Internet.
2.2 User manuals and help
The user manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions.
It also provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the
remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the
getting started manual.
The contents of the user manual are available as help in the R&S ZNLE. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the instrument and its firmware.
The user manual is also available for download or for immediate display on the
Internet.
2.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module
replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination,
and contains mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
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R&S®ZNLE
Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
The service manual is available for registered users on the global
Rohde & Schwarz information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com/irj/portal/SearchDetailView?downloadContainerID=454954
Documentation overview
2.4 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S ZNLE in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
2.5 Printed safety instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with the product.
2.6 Data sheets and brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S ZNLE. It also lists
the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific
characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZNLE
2.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of
the used open source software.
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R&S®ZNLE
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZNLE
Documentation overview
Calibration certificate
2.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on
particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZNLE
2.9 Calibration certificate
The document is available on https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com/calcert. You need
the device ID of your instrument, which you can find on a label on the rear panel.
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R&S®ZNLE
Unpacking and checking
Preparing for use
3 Preparing for use
Here, you can find basic information about setting up the product for the first time.
● Lifting and carrying..........................................................................................13
● Unpacking and checking................................................................................. 13
● Choosing the operating site............................................................................ 14
● Setting up the R&S ZNLE............................................................................... 14
● Connecting to power....................................................................................... 16
● Switching on or off...........................................................................................17
● Connecting to LAN.......................................................................................... 18
● Connecting a keyboard................................................................................... 20
● Connecting an external monitor...................................................................... 20
● Windows operating system............................................................................. 23
● Logging on...................................................................................................... 25
● Considerations for test setup.......................................................................... 27
3.1 Lifting and carrying
The carrying handles are designed to lift or carry the instrument. Do not apply
excessive external force to the handles.
See "Lifting and carrying the product" on page 6.
3.2 Unpacking and checking
1. Unpack the R&S ZNLE carefully.
2. Retain the original packing material. Use it when transporting or shipping the
R&S ZNLE later.
3. Using the delivery notes, check the equipment for completeness.
4. Check the equipment for damage.
If the delivery is incomplete or equipment is damaged, contact
Rohde & Schwarz.
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R&S®ZNLE
Setting up the R&S ZNLE
Preparing for use
3.3 Choosing the operating site
Specific operating conditions ensure proper operation and avoid damage to the
product and connected devices. For information on environmental conditions
such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
See also "Choosing the operating site" on page 6.
Electromagnetic compatibility classes
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) class indicates where you can operate
the product. The EMC class of the product is given in the data sheet under "General data".
●
Class B equipment is suitable for use in:
– Residential environments
– Environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network
that supplies residential buildings
●
Class A equipment is intended for use in industrial environments. It can cause
radio disturbances in residential environments due to possible conducted and
radiated disturbances. It is therefore not suitable for class B environments.
If class A equipment causes radio disturbances, take appropriate measures to
eliminate them.
3.4 Setting up the R&S ZNLE
The R&S ZNLE is designed for use on a bench top or in a rack.
See also:
●
"Setting up the product" on page 6
●
"Intended use" on page 5
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R&S®ZNLE
Setting up the R&S ZNLE
Preparing for use
3.4.1 Placing the R&S ZNLE on a bench top
To place the product on a bench top
1. Place the product on a stable, flat and level surface. Ensure that the surface
can support the weight of the product. For information on the weight, see the
data sheet.
2. CAUTION! Foldable feet can collapse. See "Setting up the product"
on page 6.
Always fold the feet completely in or out. With folded-out feet, do not place
anything on top or underneath.
3. CAUTION! The product can fall over and cause injury. The top surface is too
small for stacking. Never stack another product on top of the product.
As an alternative, you can mount several products in a rack.
4. NOTICE! Overheating can damage the product.
Prevent overheating as follows:
● Keep a minimum distance of 10 cm between the fan openings of the prod-
uct and any object in the vicinity.
● Do not place the product next to heat-generating equipment such as radiators or other products.
3.4.2 Mounting the R&S ZNLE in a rack
To prepare the rack
1. Observe the requirements and instructions in "Setting up the product"
on page 6.
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R&S®ZNLE
2. NOTICE! Insufficient airflow can cause overheating and damage the product.
Design and implement an efficient ventilation concept for the rack.
To mount the R&S ZNLE in a rack
1. Use an adapter kit to prepare the R&S ZNLE for rack mounting.
a) Order the rack adapter kit designed for the R&S ZNLE. For the order num-
ber, see the data sheet.
b) Mount the adapter kit. Follow the assembly instructions provided with the
adapter kit.
2. Lift the R&S ZNLE to shelf height.
3. Grab the handles and push the R&S ZNLE onto the shelf until the rack brackets fit closely to the rack.
4. Tighten all screws in the rack brackets with a tightening torque of 1.2 Nm to
secure the R&S ZNLE in the rack.
Preparing for use
Connecting to power
To unmount the R&S ZNLE from a rack
1. Loosen the screws at the rack brackets.
2. Remove the R&S ZNLE from the rack.
3. If placing the R&S ZNLE on a bench top again, unmount the adapter kit from
the R&S ZNLE. Follow the instructions provided with the adapter kit.
3.5 Connecting to power
The R&S ZNLE is equipped with an AC power supply connector.
3.5.1 Connecting the AC power
The R&S ZNLE can be used with different AC power voltages and adapts itself
automatically to it. Refer to the datasheet for the requirements of voltage and frequency.
For safety information, see "Connecting to power" on page 7.
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R&S®ZNLE
Preparing for use
Switching on or off
To connect the AC power
1. Plug the AC power cable into the AC power connector on the rear panel of the
instrument. Only use the AC power cable delivered with the R&S ZNLE.
2. Plug the AC power cable into a power outlet with ground contact.
The required ratings are listed next to the AC power connector and in the data
sheet.
For details on the connector, refer to Chapter 4.2.1, "AC power supply connection
and main power switch", on page 37.
3.6 Switching on or off
Table 3-1: Overview of power states
Status LED on Power key Position of main power switch
Off
Standby
Ready
gray
orange
green
To switch on the R&S ZNLE
The R&S ZNLE is off but connected to power.
1. Set the switch on the power supply to position [I].
See Chapter 4.2.1, "AC power supply connection and main power switch",
on page 37.
The LED of the Power key is orange.
See Chapter 4.1.2, "Power key", on page 31.
[0]
[I]
[I]
Note: If the R&S ZNLE was disconnected from power before it was switched
off regularly, it automatically switches back on when the power is reconnected.
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R&S®ZNLE
Using a LAN-controlled power switch, you can take advantage of this behavior
to switch the device on and off remotely.
2. Press the Power key.
The LED changes to green.
The R&S ZNLE boots.
After booting, the instrument is ready for operation.
To shut down the product
The product is in the ready state.
► Press the [Power] key.
The operating system shuts down. The LED changes to orange.
To disconnect from power
Preparing for use
Connecting to LAN
The R&S ZNLE is in the standby state.
1. NOTICE! Risk of data loss. If you disconnect the product from power when it
is in the ready state, you can lose settings and data. Shut it down first.
Set the switch on the power supply to position [0].
See Chapter 4.2.1, "AC power supply connection and main power switch",
on page 37.
The LED of the standby key is switched off.
2. Disconnect the R&S ZNLE from the power source.
3.7 Connecting to LAN
You can connect the instrument to a LAN for remote operation via a PC.
Provided the network administrator has assigned you the appropriate rights and
adapted the Windows firewall configuration, you can use the interface, for example:
●
To transfer data between a controlling device and the test device, e.g. to run a
remote control program
●
To access or control the measurement from a remote computer using the
"Remote Desktop" application (or a similar tool)
●
To connect external network devices (e.g. printers)
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R&S®ZNLE
●
To transfer data from a remote computer and back, e.g. using network folders
Network environment
Before connecting the product to a local area network (LAN), consider the following:
●
Install the latest firmware to reduce security risks.
●
For internet or remote access, use secured connections, if applicable.
●
Ensure that the network settings comply with the security policies of your company. Contact your local system administrator or IT department before connecting your product to your company LAN.
●
When connected to the LAN, the product may potentially be accessed from
the internet, which may be a security risk. For example, attackers might misuse or damage the product. For more information about IT security and how to
operate the product in a secure LAN environment, see the Rohde & Schwarz
white paper 1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10.
Preparing for use
Connecting to LAN
► NOTICE! Risk of network failure.
Consult your network administrator before performing the following tasks:
● Connecting the instrument to the network
● Configuring the network
● Changing IP addresses
● Exchanging hardware
Errors can affect the entire network.
Connect the R&S ZNLE to the LAN via the LAN interface on the rear panel of
the instrument.
Windows automatically detects the network connection and activates the
required drivers.
By default, the R&S ZNLE is configured to use DHCP and no static IP address
is configured.
The default instrument name is <Type><variant>-<serial_number>, for
example, ZNLE3-123456. For information on determining the serial number,
see Chapter 4.2.8, "Device ID", on page 39.
For more information on LAN configuration, see the R&S ZNLE user manual.
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Connecting an external monitor
Preparing for use
3.8 Connecting a keyboard
The keyboard is detected automatically when it is connected. The default input
language is English – US.
However, you can also connect foreign language keyboards; currently the following languages are supported for the R&S ZNLE:
●
German
●
Swiss
●
French
●
Russian
To configure the keyboard language
1. To access the Windows operating system, press the Windows key on the
external keyboard.
2. Select "Start > Settings > Time & language > Region & language > Add a language" .
3.9 Connecting an external monitor
You can connect an external monitor (or projector) to the "DVI" connector on the
rear panel of the R&S ZNLE (see also Chapter 4.2.7, "DVI", on page 39).
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R&S®ZNLE
Connecting an external monitor
Screen resolution and format
The touchscreen of the R&S ZNLE is calibrated for a 16:10 format. If you
connect a monitor or projector using a different format (e.g. 4:3), the calibration is not correct and the screen does not react to your touch actions properly.
The touchscreen has a screen resolution of 1280x800 pixels. Usually, the
display of the external monitor is a duplicate of the instrument's monitor.
If you configure the external monitor to be used as the only display in the
Windows configuration dialog box ("Show only on 2"), the maximum screen
resolution of the monitor is used. In this case, you can maximize the
R&S ZNLE application window and see even more details. You cannot
change the monitor's screen resolution via the standard Windows configuration dialog box.
The R&S ZNLE supports a minimum resolution of 1280x768 pixels.
Preparing for use
1. Connect the external monitor to the R&S ZNLE.
2. Press the [Setup] key.
3. Press the "Display" softkey.
4. Select the "Configure Monitor" tab in the "Display" dialog box.
The standard Windows "Screen Resolution" dialog box is displayed.
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R&S®ZNLE
Preparing for use
Connecting an external monitor
5. If necessary, change the screen resolution. Consider the information in the
note above.
6. Select the instrument for display:
● "Display 1" : internal monitor only
● "Display 2" : external monitor only
● "Duplicate" : both internal and external monitor
7. Tap "Apply" to try out the settings before they are accepted permanently, then
you can easily return to the previous settings, if necessary.
8. Select "OK" if the settings are suitable.
Fixing a wrong touchscreen mapping
For instruments that are equipped with a system image version < 0.8, the touchscreen function is erroneously mapped to the external monitor by default. This
mismatch is particularly inconvenient in extended display mode, where touch gestures on the instrument screen actually operate on the external screen. In duplicate monitor mode, touch screen operation also malfunctions if the resolutions of
the internal and external display do not match.
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Windows operating system
To fix the mapping between touchscreen and display, connect an external monitor
to the R&S ZNLE and proceed as follows:
1. Select [Setup] > "Display" > "Configure Monitor" > "Display Switch" to bring up
the Windows 10 "PROJECT" notification window.
Or press [Win]+[P] on a connected keyboard.
2. Select "Extend".
3. In the Windows task bar, search for "tablet" and select "Tablet PC Settings"
4. In the "Tablet PC Settings" dialog, select "Setup…". Enter the administrator
password to proceed.
Observe the message "Touch this screen to identify it as the touchscreen" on
the internal touch screen.
5. Tap on the internal touch screen.
6. Press [ENTER].
Preparing for use
Observe the message "Touch this screen to identify it as the touchscreen" on
the external screen.
7. If the external monitor is also a touchscreen, tap on it.
8. Press [ENTER].
Touch screen operation functions correctly now. Use the "PROJECT" flyout
again to select the appropriate display mode.
Refer to the "Versions + Options" tab of the [Setup] > "System Configuration" dialog to determine the "Image" version of your instrument.
3.10 Windows operating system
The instrument contains the Windows operating system which has been configured according to the instrument's features and needs. Changes in the system
setup are only required when peripherals like a keyboard or a printer are installed
or if the network configuration does not comply with the default settings. After the
R&S ZNLE is started, the operating system boots and the instrument firmware is
started automatically.
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R&S®ZNLE
Windows operating system
Tested software
The drivers and programs used on the instrument under Windows are adapted to
the instrument. Only install update software released by Rohde & Schwarz to
modify existing instrument software.
You can install additional software on the instrument; however, additional software can impair instrument function. Thus, run only programs that
Rohde & Schwarz has tested for compatibility with the instrument software.
The following program packages have been tested:
●
Symantec Endpoint Security – virus-protection software
●
FileShredder - for reliable deletion of files on the hard disk
Service packs and updates
Microsoft regularly creates security updates and other patches to protect Windows-based operating systems. They are released through the Microsoft Update
website and associated update server. Update instruments using Windows regularly, especially instruments that connect to a network.
Preparing for use
Firewall settings
A firewall protects an instrument by preventing unauthorized users from gaining
access to it through a network. Rohde & Schwarz highly recommends using the
firewall on your instrument. Rohde & Schwarz instruments are shipped with the
Windows firewall enabled. All ports and connections for remote control are
enabled.
Note that changing firewall settings requires administrator rights.
Virus protection
Take appropriate steps to protect your instruments from infection. Use strong firewall settings and scan any removable storage device used with a
Rohde & Schwarz instrument regularly. It is also recommended that you install
anti-virus software on the instrument. Rohde & Schwarz does NOT recommend
running anti-virus software in the background ("on-access" mode) on Windowsbased instruments, due to potentially degrading instrument performance. However, Rohde & Schwarz does recommend running it during non-critical hours.
For details and recommendations, see the following Rohde & Schwarz white
paper:
●
1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10
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R&S®ZNLE
To access the "Start" menu
The Windows "Start" menu provides access to the Windows functionality and
installed programs.
► Press the "Windows" key on the front panel, or press the "Windows" key or
the [CTRL + ESC] key combination on the (external) keyboard.
The "Start" menu and the Windows taskbar are displayed.
The Windows taskbar also provides quick access to commonly used programs, for example Paint or WordPad. IECWIN, the auxiliary remote control
tool provided free of charge and installed by Rohde & Schwarz, is also available from the taskbar or "Start" menu.
For details on the IECWIN tool, see the "Network and Remote Control"
chapter of the R&S ZNLE user manual.
Preparing for use
Logging on
All necessary system settings can be defined in the "Start > Settings" menu.
For required settings, refer to the Windows documentation and to the hardware
description.
3.11 Logging on
Windows requires that users identify themselves by entering a user name and
password in a login window. By default, the R&S ZNLE provides two user
accounts:
●
"Instrument" : a standard user account with limited access
●
"Admin" or "Administrator" (depends on firmware image): an administrator
account with unrestricted access to the computer/domain
Some administrative tasks require administrator rights (e.g. the configuration of a
LAN network). Refer to the description of the basic instrument Setup ([Setup]
menu) to find out which functions are affected.
Passwords
For all default user accounts, the initial password is 894129. Note that this password is very weak, and we strongly recommend that you change the password for
both users after initial login. An administrator can change the password in Win-
25Getting Started 1323.2873.02 ─ 14
R&S®ZNLE
dows for any user at any time via "Start > Settings > Account > SignIn Options >
Password > Change".
Auto-login
When shipped, the instrument automatically logs on the default "Instrument" user
to Windows using the default password. This function is active until an administrator explicitly deactivates it or changes the password.
Changing the password and use of auto-login function
Note that when you change the default password, the default auto-login
function no longer works!
In this case, you must enter the new password manually to log on.
Adapting the auto-login function to a new password
Preparing for use
Logging on
If you change the password that is used during auto-login, this function no longer
works. Adapt the settings for the auto-login function first.
1. Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar to access the operating system of the
R&S ZNLE (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 25).
2. Open the
C:\Users\Public\Documents\Rohde-Schwarz\ZNL\user\user\
AUTOLOGIN.REG file in any text editor (e.g. Notepad).
3. In the line "DefaultPassword"="894129", replace the default password
(894129) by the new password for automatic login.
4. Save the changes to the file.
5. In the Windows "Start" menu, select "Run".
The "Run" dialog box is displayed.
6. Enter the command
C:\Users\Public\Documents\Rohde-Schwarz\ZNL\user\user\
AUTOLOGIN.REG.
7. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm.
The auto-login function is reactivated with the changed password. It will be
applied the next time the instrument is switched on.
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Considerations for test setup
Switching users when using the auto-login function
Which user account is used is defined during login. If auto-login is active, the
login window is not displayed. However, you can switch the user account to be
used even when the auto-login function is active.
1. Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar to access the operating system of the
R&S ZNLE (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 25).
2. Press [CTRL] + [ALT] + [DEL], then select "Sign out".
The "Login" dialog box is displayed, in which you can enter the different user
account name and password.
For information on deactivating and reactivating the auto-login function, see the
R&S ZNLE user manual.
Preparing for use
3.12 Considerations for test setup
Cable selection and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress electromagnetic radiation during operation:
●
Use high-quality shielded cables, for example, double-shielded RF and LAN
cables.
●
Always terminate open cable ends.
●
Ensure that connected external devices comply with EMC regulations.
Preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when you connect or disconnect a
DUT.
► NOTICE! Risk of electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge can damage
the electronic components of the product and the device under test (DUT).
Ground yourself to prevent electrostatic discharge damage:
a) Use a wrist strap and cord to connect yourself to ground.
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Considerations for test setup
b) Use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
Instrument damage caused by electrostatic discharge
If you are working in an environment where strong ESD discharges are possible, for additional protection Rohde & Schwarz recommends using broadband limiters R&S ZN‑B13 (stock number 1303.7840.02) at each port of
your R&S ZNLE3|4|6.
Signal input and output levels
Information on signal levels is provided in the data sheet and on the instrument,
next to the connector. Keep the signal levels within the specified ranges to avoid
damage to the R&S ZNLE and connected devices.
Preparing for use
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R&S®ZNLE
Instrument tour
Front panel view
4 Instrument tour
4.1 Front panel view
This chapter describes the front panel, including all function keys and connectors.
5
3
2
1
Figure 4-1: Front panel view
1 = Power key
2 = USB (2.0) connectors
3 = System keys
4 = Touchscreen
5 = Function keys
6 = Keypad
7 = Navigation controls
8 = Port 1
9 = Port 2
4
8 9
6 7
4.1.1 Touchscreen
All measurement results are displayed on the screen on the front panel. Additionally, the screen display provides status and setting information and allows you to
switch between various measurement tasks. The screen is touch-sensitive, offering an alternative means of user interaction for quick and easy handling of the
instrument.
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Instrument tour
Front panel view
21
4
6 7
8
3
5
Figure 4-2: Touchscreen elements
1 = Toolbar with standard application functions, e.g. print, save/open file etc.
2 = Tabs for individual channel setups
3 = Softtool panel (a.k.a. softkey bar)
4 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
5 = Measurement results (diagram) area
6 = Channel list
7 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information
8 = Instrument status bar for error messages and date/time display
Any user interface elements that react to a click by a mouse pointer also react to
a tap on the screen, and vice versa. Using touchscreen gestures, you can perform the following tasks (among others).
(See Chapter 5, "Trying out the instrument", on page 40)
●
Changing a setting
●
Changing the display
●
Changing the displayed result range in a diagram
●
Moving a marker
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●
Zooming into a diagram
●
Selecting a new evaluation method
●
Scrolling through a result list or table
●
Saving or printing results and settings
To imitate a right-click by mouse using the touchscreen, for example to open a
context-sensitive menu for a specific item, press the screen for about 1 second.
For details on touchscreen gestures, see Chapter 6.4, "Touchscreen gestures",
on page 64.
Instrument tour
Front panel view
4.1.2 Power key
The [Power] key is located on the lower left corner of the front panel. It starts up
and shuts down the instrument.
See also "Connecting to power" on page 7 and Chapter 3.5, "Connecting to
power", on page 16.
4.1.3 USB
The front panel provides two female USB connectors (USB-A, 2.0 standard) to
connect devices like a keyboard or a mouse. A memory stick can be connected to
store and reload instrument settings and measurement data.
The rear panel provides further USB connectors (standard 3.0), see Chap-
ter 4.2.5, "USB", on page 38.
4.1.4 System keys
System keys set the instrument to a predefined state, change basic settings, and
provide print and display functions.
A detailed description of the corresponding functions is provided in the
R&S ZNLE user manual.
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R&S®ZNLE
Table 4-1: System keys
System key Assigned functions
[Preset] Resets the instrument to the default state.
Instrument tour
Front panel view
[Setup]
[Mode] Manages channel setups
[Print] Provides configuration settings for the print function
[FILE] Provides save/recall functions for instrument settings and mea-
Provides basic instrument configuration functions, e.g.:
●
Reference frequency (external/internal)
●
Date, time, display configuration
●
LAN interface
●
Firmware update and enabling of options
●
Information about instrument configuration incl. firmware version and system error messages
●
Service support functions (self-test etc.)
surement results
Switches between the on-screen keyboard display:
●
At the top of the screen
●
At the bottom of the screen
●
Off
4.1.5 Function keys
Function keys provide access to the most common measurement settings and
functions.
A detailed description of the corresponding functions is provided in the
R&S ZNLE user manual.
The labels indicated in italics (blue font color on the instrument) are not relevant for the R&S ZNLE.
Table 4-2: Function keys
Function key Assigned functions
[Freq] Defines the sweep range.
[Span]
[Scale]
[Ampt]
Defines the scaling and zooming of diagrams.
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Instrument tour
Front panel view
Function key Assigned functions
[Mkr] Defines and positions absolute and relative measurement mark-
ers (markers and delta markers).
Selects special marker functions
[Mkr->] Used for search functions of the measurement markers (maxi-
mum/minimum of the trace).
Assigns the marker frequency to the center frequency, and the
marker level to the reference level.
Restricts the search area (Search Limits) and characterizes the
maximum points and minimum points (Peak Excursion).
[Bw Avg Power] Defines the power of the internal signal sources, selects the IF
bandwidths, and sets up averaging.
[Sweep] Defines the sweep type and other sweep parameters; controls
sweep execution.
[Trace] Configures the graphical analysis of measurement results.
[Trig] Defines how measurement sweeps are triggered.
[Offset Embed] Contains functions for deembedding/embedding the DUT from/
into physical/virtual (matching) networks placed between the calibrated reference plane and the DUT.
[Meas] Selects the quantities to be measured and displayed.
[Format]
[Config]
[Display Lines] Configures display lines and limit lines.
[Cal]
[Single]
[Channel]
[Cont]
Selects the trace format (dB magnitude, Smith, etc.).
Provides all functions related to system error calibration.
Creates and deletes channel setups and optimize the measurement process.
4.1.6 Keypad
The keypad is used to enter numeric parameters, including the corresponding
units. It contains the following keys:
Table 4-3: Keys on the keypad
Type of key Description
Decimal point Inserts a decimal point "." at the cursor position.
Sign key Changes the sign of a numeric parameter. For alphanumeric
parameters, inserts a "-" at the cursor position.
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R&S®ZNLE
Type of key Description
Instrument tour
Front panel view
Unit keys
(G/n, M/μ, k/m, x1)
[ESC] Closes all kinds of dialog boxes, if the edit mode is not active.
(BACKSPACE)
[ENTER]
Adds the selected unit to the entered numeric value and complete the entry.
For level entries (e.g. in dB) or dimensionless values, all units
have the value "1" as multiplying factor. Thus, they have the
same function as an [ENTER] key.
Quits the edit mode, if the edit mode is active. In dialog boxes
that contain a "Cancel" button it activates that button.
For "Edit" dialog boxes the following mechanism is used:
●
If data entry has been started, it retains the original value
and closes the dialog box.
●
If data entry has not been started or has been completed, it
closes the dialog box.
If an alphanumeric entry has already been started, this key deletes the character to the left of the cursor.
●
Concludes the entry of dimensionless entries. The new value
is accepted.
●
With other entries, this key can be used instead of the
"Hz/dB" unit key.
●
In a dialog box, selects the default or focused element.
4.1.7 Navigation controls
The navigation controls include a rotary knob and navigation keys. They allow
you to navigate within the display or within dialog boxes.
Navigating in tables
The easiest way to navigate within tables (both in result tables and configuration tables) is to scroll through the entries with your finger on the touchscreen.
4.1.7.1 Rotary knob
The rotary knob has several functions:
●
For numeric entries: increments (clockwise direction) or decrements (counterclockwise direction) the instrument parameter at a defined step width
34Getting Started 1323.2873.02 ─ 14
R&S®ZNLE
●
In lists: toggles between entries
●
For markers, limit lines, and other graphical elements on the screen: moves
their position
●
For active scroll bars: moves the scroll bar vertically
●
For dialog boxes: Same effect as the Enter key when pressed
4.1.7.2 Navigation keys
The navigation keys can be used alternatively to the rotary knob to navigate
through dialog boxes, diagrams or tables.
Arrow Up/Arrow Down Keys
The <arrow up> or <arrow down> keys do the following:
●
For numeric entries: increments (Arrow Up) or decrements (Arrow Down) the
instrument parameter at a defined step width
Instrument tour
Front panel view
●
In a list: scrolls forward and backward through the list entries
●
In a table: moves the selection bar vertically
●
In windows or dialog boxes with a vertical scroll bar: moves the scroll bar
Arrow Left/Arrow Right Keys
The <arrow left> or <arrow right> keys do the following:
●
In an alphanumeric edit dialog box, move the cursor.
●
In a list, scroll forward and backward through the list entries.
●
In a table, move the selection bar horizontally.
●
In windows or dialog boxes with horizontal scroll bar, move the scroll bar.
4.1.8 Port 1 and port 2
Numbered type N female connectors.
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R&S®ZNLE
The test ports serve as outputs for the RF stimulus signal and as inputs for the
measured RF signals from the DUT (response signals).
●
With a single test port, it is possible to generate a stimulus signal and measure the response signal in reflection. For a measurement example, refer to
Chapter 5.1.2, "Reflection S-parameter measurement", on page 48.
●
With 2 test ports, it is possible to perform full two-port measurements; see
Chapter 5.1.1, "Transmission S-parameter measurement", on page 41.
Maximum input levels
The maximum input levels at all test ports according to the front panel labeling or the data sheet must not be exceeded.
In addition, the maximum input voltages of the other input connectors at the
rear panel must not be exceeded.
Instrument tour
Rear panel view
It is recommended that you use a torque wrench when screwing RF cables
on the test port connectors.
4.2 Rear panel view
This figure shows the rear panel view of the R&S ZNLE. The individual elements
are described in more detail in the subsequent sections.
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R&S®ZNLE
Instrument tour
Rear panel view
2
1
5 7
6
Figure 4-3: Rear panel view
1 = AC power supply connection and main power switch
2 = GPIB ("IEC") interface
3 = Reference clock connectors
4 = Trigger input connector
5 = "DVI" connector for external display
6 = "LAN" connector
7 = "USB" (3.0) connectors
The meanings of the labels on the R&S ZNLE are described in Chapter 1.2,
"Labels on R&S ZNLE", on page 8.
3
4
4.2.1 AC power supply connection and main power switch
An AC power supply connector and main power switch are located in a unit on
the rear panel of the instrument.
Main power switch function:
Position 1: The instrument is in operation.
Position O: The entire instrument is disconnected from the AC power supply.
For details, refer to "Connecting to power" on page 7 and Chapter 3.5, "Connect-
ing to power", on page 16.
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R&S®ZNLE
Instrument tour
Rear panel view
4.2.2 GPIB interface
The optional GPIB interface (R&S FPL1-B10) is in compliance with IEEE488 and
SCPI. A computer for remote control can be connected via this interface. To set
up the connection, a shielded cable is recommended.
4.2.3 Ref. In / Ref. Out
The Ref. In connectors are used to provide an external reference signal to the
R&S ZNLE.
The Ref. Out connectors can be used to provide a reference signal from the
R&S ZNLE to other devices that are connected to this instrument.
Various connectors are provided for different reference signals:
Connector Reference signal Usage
Ref. In 10 MHz
10 dBm
Ref. Out 10 MHz
10 dBm
To provide an external reference signal on the
R&S ZNLE.
To provide the internal reference signal from the
R&S ZNLE to another device continuously.
4.2.4 Trigger In
Use the female Trigger In connector to input an external trigger or gate data.
Thus, you can control the measurement using an external signal. The voltage
level is 1.4 V. The typical input impedance is 10 kΩ.
4.2.5 USB
The rear panel provides two additional female USB (3.0 standard) connectors to
connect devices like a keyboard, a mouse or a memory stick (see also Chap-
ter 4.2.5, "USB", on page 38).
4.2.6 LAN
The R&S ZNLE is equipped with a 1 GBit Ethernet IEEE 802.3u network interface
with Auto-MDI(X) functionality. The assignment of the RJ-45 connector supports
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R&S®ZNLE
twisted-pair category 5 UTP/STP cables in a star configuration (UTP stands for
unshielded twisted pair, and STP for shielded twisted pair).
For details, see the R&S ZNLE user manual.
Instrument tour
Rear panel view
4.2.7 DVI
You can connect an external monitor or other display device to the R&S ZNLE via
the DVI (Digital visual interface) connector to provide an enlarged display.
For details, see Chapter 3.12, "Considerations for test setup", on page 27.
4.2.8 Device ID
The unique device identifier is provided as a barcode sticker on the rear panel of
the R&S ZNLE.
It consists of the device order number and a serial number.
The serial number is used to define the default instrument name, which is:
<Type><variant>-<serial_number>
For example, ZNLE3-123456.
The instrument name is required to establish a connection to the instrument
in a LAN.
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R&S®ZNLE
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
5 Trying out the instrument
This chapter introduces the most important functions and settings of the
R&S ZNLE step by step. The complete description of the functionality and its
usage is given in the R&S ZNLE User Manual. Basic instrument operation is
described in Chapter 6, "Operating the instrument", on page 55.
Prerequisites
●
The instrument is set up, connected to the mains system, and started up as
described in Chapter 3, "Preparing for use", on page 13.
● Performing measurements..............................................................................40
● Zooming into the display................................................................................. 50
● Saving settings................................................................................................51
● Printing and saving results.............................................................................. 53
5.1 Performing measurements
This chapter takes you through a sample session with a R&S ZNLE network analyzer and describes basic operation tasks.
Prerequisite
The instrument is set up, connected to the mains system, and started up as
described in Chapter 3, "Preparing for use", on page 13.
Use the "S-Parameter Wizard" accessible via [Meas] > "S-Params" > "SParam Wizard..." to measure S-parameters in a straightforward way. The
wizard provides a series of dialogs where you can select the test setup,
screen configuration and measurement parameters, configure the essential
channel settings and perform a guided calibration.
Measurement stages in the wizard
The individual dialogs of the "S-Parameter Wizard" correspond to the typical
stages of any measurement:
1. Select the test setup.
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R&S®ZNLE
2. Define port impedances.
3. Select the measurement parameters and the diagrams.
4. Define the sweep range.
5. Adjust the receiver and source settings (measurement bandwidth, source
power).
6. Perform a calibration.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
5.1.1 Transmission S-parameter measurement
In a transmission measurement, the analyzer transmits a stimulus signal to the
input port of the device under test (DUT) and measures the transmitted wave at
the DUT's output port. The trace settings allow you to select the measured quantities and display formats, depending on what you want to learn from the data. A
minimum of two analyzer test ports are required for transmission measurements.
In the following example, the analyzer is set up for a two-port transmission measurement. A frequency sweep range is selected, the instrument is calibrated and
the measurement result is analyzed using various display formats.
5.1.1.1 Connecting the instrument for transmission measurements
To prepare a transmission measurement, you have to connect your DUT (which
for simplicity we assume to have appropriate connectors) in-between a pair of
analyzer test ports. It is recommended that you preset the R&S ZNLE to start
from a well-defined instrument state.
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R&S®ZNLE
1. Connect the DUT between test ports 1 and 2 of the network analyzer as
shown above.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
2. Use the [Preset] key to restore a well-defined instrument state.
The analyzer is now set to its default state. The default measured quantity is
the transmission S-parameter S21.
Select [Trace] and use the control elements in the "Traces" softtool tab if
you wish to create additional traces and diagrams.
5.1.1.2 Selecting the sweep range and other parameters
After a system preset the display shows a diagram with a dB magnitude scale,
and the S-parameter S21 is selected as a measured quantity. This S-parameter is
the forward transmission coefficient of the DUT. It is defined as the ratio of the
transmitted wave at the DUT's output port (port no. 2) to the incident wave at the
DUT's input port (port no. 1).
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R&S®ZNLE
The R&S ZNLE automatically adjusts its internal source and receiver to the
selected measured quantities: For an S21 measurement, a stimulus signal
(termed a1) is transmitted at the analyzer port no. 1; the transmitted wave (termed
b2) is measured at port 2. The stimulus signal from the analyzer port no. 2 is not
needed except for some calibration types.
By default the sweep range is set to the frequency range of the analyzer, which
can be unsuitable for your DUT. The following procedure shows you how to configure a smaller sweep range.
1. Select [Freq] and set the "Start Frequency" to the lowest frequency you want
to measure (e.g. 1.77 GHz). For convenient data entry, double-tap/click the
input field to open the "Numeric Editor".
Tip: If you use the keypad at the front panel for data entry, type [1][.][7][7] and
terminate the entry with the [G/n] key.
Refer to Chapter 6.3, "Entering data", on page 62 to learn more about entering numeric values and characters.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
2. In the "Stop Frequency" input field, enter the highest frequency you want to
measure (e.g. 2.5 GHz).
3. Select [Scale] > "Scale Values" and activate the "Auto Scale Trace" function.
The analyzer adjusts the scale of the diagram to fit in the entire S21 trace,
leaving an appropriate display margin.
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R&S®ZNLE
5.1.1.3 Calibrating the instrument
Calibration (system error correction) is the process of eliminating systematic,
reproducible errors from the measurement results. E.g., in the current test setup,
the connecting cables between the analyzer ports and the DUT introduce an
attenuation and a phase shift of the waves. Both effects impair the accuracy of
the S-parameter measurement.
The analyzer provides a wide range of sophisticated calibration methods for all
types of measurements. The calibration method to select depends on the expected system errors, the accuracy requirements of the measurement, on the test
setup and on the types of calibration standards available.
The following example requires a calibration kit with a male Through standard
with known transmission characteristics for the related test port connector type
and gender. With a single Through, it is possible to perform a transmission normalization, compensating for a frequency-dependent attenuation and phase shift
in the signal paths.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
Due to the R&S ZNLE's calibration wizard, calibration is a straightforward, guided
process.
1. Replace the DUT by the Through standard of your calibration kit. Make sure to
disconnect all calibration units.
2. Select [Cal] > "Start... (Manual)" to open the "Calibration Setting" wizard.
3. Select the port combination Port 1 (P1) and Port 2 (P2) and the calibration
type "Trans Norm". Make sure to define port 1 as the source port.
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R&S®ZNLE
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
4. Select "Next" to proceed to the next page of the "Calibration Setting" wizard.
5. Select the test port connector type and gender (here: N 50 Ω, female, corresponding to a male Through standard), and the calibration kit (here: R&S ZVZ121).
6. Tap"Start".
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R&S®ZNLE
7. The calibration dock widget indicates the standard measurements that make
up a "Trans Norm" calibration.
Select "Through (mm)" to initiate the measurement of the connected Through
standard. Measuring the isolation between ports 1 and 2 is optional. Skip it for
now.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
The analyzer performs a calibration sweep for the measured quantity S21. The
magnitude and phase of the result is displayed in two diagrams, together with
the expected typical result for a Through standard. The similarity of real and
expected traces indicates that the Through standard has been properly connected. After the R&S ZNLE has completed the calibration sweep and calculated the correction data, the "Apply" button is enabled.
8. Select "Apply" to close the wizard.
The system error correction is calculated and applied to the current channel. A
"Cal" label appears in the trace list.
To proceed with the measurement, remove the Through standard and connect the
DUT again.
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R&S®ZNLE
5.1.1.4 Evaluating data
The analyzer provides various tools to optimize the display and analyze the measurement data. For instance, you can use markers to determine maxima and minima on the trace, and change the display format to obtain information about the
group delay of the transmitted wave.
1. Select [Mkr] > [Mkr] > "Mkr 1".
This places marker "M1" to its default position (center of the sweep range). A
marker symbol (triangle) appears on the trace, a marker info field in the upper
right corner of the diagram. The marker info field displays the stimulus value
(frequency) and response value (magnitude of the transmission coefficient
converted to a dB value) at the marker position.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
2. Open the [Mkr->] > "Peak" softtool tab and activate "Min" search.
The marker jumps to the absolute minimum of the curve in the entire sweep
range. The marker info field shows the coordinates of the new marker position.
3. Select [Format] and choose the "Delay" of the transmission coefficient as displayed quantity.
The group delay represents the propagation time of the wave through the
DUT; it is displayed in a Cartesian diagram. The marker info field shows the
frequency and group delay at the marker position.
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R&S®ZNLE
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
Refer to the information on trace formats in the help system or in the user
manual to learn more about the diagram properties.
5.1.2 Reflection S-parameter measurement
In a reflection measurement, the analyzer transmits a stimulus signal to the input
port of the device under test (DUT) and measures the reflected wave. Different
trace formats allow you to express and display the results, depending on what
you want to learn from the data. Only one analyzer test port is required for reflection measurements.
In principle, a reflection measurement involves the same steps as a transmission
measurement. Note the following differences:
●
The basic test setup for reflection measurements involves a single DUT and
analyzer port. For instance, you can connect the input of your DUT to port 1 of
the analyzer as shown below.
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You can also use the basic transmission test setup, e.g. if you want to measure reflection and transmission parameters in parallel.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
●
The analyzer provides special calibration types for reflection measurements.
Use the calibration wizard and select an appropriate type.
The full 2-port calibration TOSM corrects the system errors for all transmission
and reflection S-parameters.
●
Some of the trace formats are particularly suited for reflection measurements.
For instance, you can display the measured reflection coefficient S11 in a
Smith chart to obtain the complex input impedance at port 1.
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Trying out the instrument
Zooming into the display
5.2 Zooming into the display
To analyze the areas around the peak levels in more detail, we will zoom into a
peak.
1. Tap the "Multiple Zoom" icon in the toolbar.
The icon is highlighted to indicate that zoom mode is active.
2. Tap the diagram near the peak and drag your finger to the opposite corner of
the zoom area. A white rectangle is displayed from the point where you tapped to the current position.
Figure 5-1: Defining the zoom area
When you remove your finger, the zoom area is enlarged in a second
(sub-)window.
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Trying out the instrument
Saving settings
Figure 5-2: Zoomed display around a peak
5.3 Saving settings
To restore the results of our measurements later, we will store the instrument settings to a file.
To save the instrument settings to a file
1. Tap the "Save" icon in the toolbar.
2. Press the keyboard key on the front panel to display the online keyboard, as
you will have to enter text in the next step.
3. In the "Save" dialog box, tap the "File name" field and enter MyMultiView-
Setup using the keyboard.
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Trying out the instrument
Saving settings
Keep the default "File Type" setting "Instrument with all Channel Setups" to
store the configuration of all channel setups.
Figure 5-3: Saving the instrument settings to a file
4. Tap the "Save" button.
The file MyMultiViewSetup.dfl is stored in the default directory
C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\ZNL-FPL\Save.
To load stored instrument settings
You can restore the settings to the instrument at any time using the settings file.
1. Press the [Preset] button to restore the default instrument settings so you can
check that the stored user settings are actually restored afterwards.
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2. Tap the "Load" icon in the toolbar.
3. In the "Load" dialog box, select the MyMultiViewSetup.dfl file in the
default directory C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\ZNL-FPL\Save.
4. Tap the "Load" button.
All instrument settings are restored and the display should resemble the
instrument display right before the settings were stored.
Trying out the instrument
Printing and saving results
5.4 Printing and saving results
Finally, after a successful measurement, we will document our results. First we
will export the numeric trace data, then we will create a screenshot of the graphical display.
To export the trace data
1. Press the [Trace] key on the front panel.
2. Tap the Trace softkey.
3. Tap the "Trace / Data Export" tab.
4. Tap the "Export Trace to ASCII File" button.
5. Enter the file name MyMultiViewResults.
The trace data is stored to MyMultiViewResults.DAT
To create a screenshot of the display
1. Tap the "Print immediately" icon in the toolbar.
A screenshot of the current display is created. Note that the colors on the
screen are inverted in the screenshot to improve printout results.
2. In the "Save Hardcopy as " > "Portable Network Graphics (PNG)" dialog box,
enter a file name, e.g. MyMultiViewDisplay.
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The screenshot is stored to MyMultiViewDisplay.png.
Trying out the instrument
Printing and saving results
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Understanding the Display Information
Operating the instrument
6 Operating the instrument
This chapter provides an overview on how to work with the R&S ZNLE.
Remote control
In addition to working with the R&S ZNLE interactively, located directly at
the instrument, it is also possible to operate and control it from a remote PC.
Various methods for remote control are supported:
●
Connecting the instrument to a (LAN) network
●
Using the web browser interface in a LAN network
●
Using the Windows Remote Desktop application in a LAN network
●
Connecting a PC via the GPIB interface
How to configure the remote control interfaces is described in the
R&S ZNLE user manual.
● Understanding the Display Information........................................................... 55
● Accessing the functionality..............................................................................57
● Entering data...................................................................................................62
● Touchscreen gestures.....................................................................................64
● Getting help.....................................................................................................67
6.1 Understanding the Display Information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram. All different information
areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
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Operating the instrument
Understanding the Display Information
1
2
3
1 = Window title bar with measurement-specific (trace) information
2 = Diagram area with marker information
3 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information
Window title bar
For each parameter diagram, a window is displayed with the following information
in the title bar:
1
1 = Trace name
2 = Measured parameter
3 = Trace format
4 = Scale per division
5 = Reference value
2 3 4 5
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Operating the instrument
Accessing the functionality
Diagram footer
For each parameter diagram, a window is displayed with the following information
in the footer:
1 2 3 4 5
1 = Channel
2 = Center frequency
3 = Power level
4 = Measurement bandwidth
5 = Span
6.2 Accessing the functionality
All tasks necessary to operate the instrument can be performed using this user
interface. Apart from instrument specific keys, all other keys that correspond to an
external keyboard (e.g. arrow keys, ENTER key) operate as specified by Microsoft.
For most tasks, there are at least 2 alternative methods to perform them:
●
Using the touchscreen
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, e.g. the keypad, rotary
knob, or arrow and position keys.
The measurement and instrument functions and settings can be accessed by
selecting one of the following elements:
●
System and function keys on the front panel of the instrument
●
Softkeys on the touchscreen
●
Context menus for specific elements on the touchscreen
●
Icons on the tool bar in the touchscreen
●
Displayed setting on the touchscreen
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Operating the instrument
Accessing the functionality
6.2.1 Toolbar functions
Standard functions can be performed via the icons in the toolbar at the top of the
screen.
You can hide the toolbar display, e.g. when using remote control, to enlarge
the display area for the measurement results ("Setup" > "Display" > "Displayed Items" ).
See the R&S ZNLE User Manual.
Print immediately.................................................................................................. 58
Open.....................................................................................................................58
Save......................................................................................................................58
Undo..................................................................................................................... 58
Redo..................................................................................................................... 59
Zoom mode...........................................................................................................59
Multiple zoom mode..............................................................................................59
Zoom off................................................................................................................59
SmartGrid............................................................................................................. 59
Sequencer ........................................................................................................... 59
Help (+ Select)......................................................................................................59
Help...................................................................................................................... 59
Windows............................................................................................................... 59
Print immediately
Prints the current display (screenshot) as configured.
Open
Opens a file from the instrument ("Save/Recall" menu).
Save
Stores data on the instrument ("Save/Recall" menu).
Undo
Reverts last operation, i.e. the status before the previous action is
retrieved.
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The undo function is useful, for example, if you are performing a zero span measurement with several markers and a limit line defined and accidentally select a
different measurement. In this case, many settings would be lost. However, if you
press [UNDO] immediately afterwards, the previous status is retrieved, i.e. the
zero span measurement and all settings.
Note: The [UNDO] function is not available after a [PRESET] or "Recall" operation. When these functions are used, the history of previous actions is deleted.
Redo
Repeats previously reverted operation
Zoom mode
Displays a dotted rectangle in the diagram that can be expanded to
define the zoom area.
Multiple zoom mode
Multiple zoom areas can be defined for the same diagram.
Operating the instrument
Accessing the functionality
Zoom off
Displays the diagram in its original size.
SmartGrid
Activates "SmartGrid" mode to configure the screen layout.
Sequencer
Opens the "Sequencer" menu to perform consecutive measurements.
Help (+ Select)
Allows you to select an object for which context-specific help is displayed
See Chapter 6.5, "Getting help", on page 67
Help
Displays context-sensitive help topic for the most recently selected element
See Chapter 6.5, "Getting help", on page 67
Windows
Displays the Windows "Start" menu and task bar.
See "To access the "Start" menu" on page 25.
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Operating the instrument
Accessing the functionality
6.2.2 Softtools
Softtools display groups of related settings as a tabbed panel. They can be
opened via function keys on the (virtual) front panel, or via context menu items.
Figure 6-1: Scale softtool
The softtools are displayed in the softkey bar of the instrument. The title area of
the softkey bar displays the name of the currently opened softtool.
If you close the softkey bar using its close icon, it is automatically reopened
the next time a function key is pressed. You can change this behavior in the
"User Interface" tab of the "VNA Setup" dialog.
Some controls on the softtool tabs allow you to read and modify settings (e.g.
"Ref Value" in the screenshot above), some perform actions (e.g. "Auto Scale
Trace"), while others open additional dialogs (button label ends with "...").
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Operating the instrument
Accessing the functionality
6.2.3 Context menus
Several items in the diagram area have context menus (for example markers,
traces or the channel bar). If you right-click on one of these items (or tap it for
about 1 second), a menu is displayed which contains the same functions as the
corresponding softkey. This is useful, for example, when the softkey display is
hidden.
6.2.4 On-screen keyboard
The on-screen keyboard is an additional means of interacting with the instrument
without having to connect an external keyboard.
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The on-screen keyboard display can be switched on and off as desired using the
"On-Screen Keyboard" function key beneath the screen.
When you press this key, the display switches between the following options:
●
Keyboard displayed at the top of the screen
Operating the instrument
Entering data
●
Keyboard displayed at the bottom of the screen
●
No keyboard displayed
You can use the TAB key on the on-screen keyboard to move the focus from
one field to another in dialog boxes.
6.3 Entering data
Data can be entered in dialog boxes using one of the following methods:
●
Using the touchscreen, via the online keyboard
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, e.g. the keypad, rotary
knob, or navigation keys
The rotary knob acts like the [ENTER] key when it is pressed.
●
Using a connected external keyboard
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Transparent dialog boxes
You can change the transparency of the dialog boxes to see the results in
the windows behind the dialog box. Thus, you can see the effects that the
changes you make to the settings have on the results immediately.
To change the transparency, select the transparency icon at the top of the
dialog box. A slider is displayed. To hide the slider, select the transparency
icon again.
(The title bar of the dialog box is always slightly transparent and is not affected by the slider.)
Particularities in windows dialog boxes
Operating the instrument
Entering data
In some cases, e.g. if you want to install a printer, original Windows dialog
boxes are used. In these dialog boxes, the rotary knob and function keys do
not work. Use the touchscreen instead.
Entering numeric parameters
If a field requires numeric input, the keypad provides only numbers.
1. Enter the parameter value using the keypad, or change the currently used
parameter value by using the rotary knob (small steps) or the [UP] or [DOWN]
keys (large steps).
2. After entering the numeric value via keypad, press the corresponding unit key.
The unit is added to the entry.
3. If the parameter does not require a unit, confirm the entered value by pressing
the [ENTER] key or any of the unit keys.
The editing line is highlighted to confirm the entry.
Entering Alphanumeric Parameters
If a field requires alphanumeric input, you can use the on-screen keyboard to
enter numbers and (special) characters (see Chapter 6.2.4, "On-screen key-
board", on page 61).
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Correcting an entry
1. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor to the right of the entry you want to
delete.
2. Press the [Backspace] key.
The entry to the left of the cursor is deleted.
3. Enter your correction.
Completing the entry
► Press the [ENTER] key or the rotary knob.
Aborting the entry
► Press the [ESC] key.
The dialog box is closed without changing the settings.
Operating the instrument
Touchscreen gestures
6.4 Touchscreen gestures
A touchscreen allows you to interact with the software using various finger gestures on the screen. The basic gestures supported by the software and most
applications are described here. Further actions using the same gestures may be
possible.
Tapping
Touch the screen quickly, usually on a specific element.
You can tap most elements on the screen; in particular, any elements you can
also click on with a mouse pointer.
Figure 6-2: Tapping
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Operating the instrument
Touchscreen gestures
Double-tapping
Tap the screen twice, in quick succession.
Double-tap a diagram or the window title bar to maximize a window in the display,
or to restore the original size.
Dragging
Move your finger from one position to another on
the display, keeping your finger on the display the whole time.
By dragging your finger over a table or diagram you can pan the displayed area of
the table or diagram to show results that were previously out of view.
Figure 6-3: Dragging
Pinching and spreading two fingers
Move two fingers together on the display (pinch) or
move two fingers apart on the display (spread).
When you pinch two fingers in the display, you decrease the size of the currently
displayed area, showing the surrounding areas previously out of view.
When you spread two fingers in the display, you increase the size of the currently
displayed area, showing more details.
You can pinch or spread your fingers vertically, horizontally, or diagonally. The
direction in which you move your fingers determines which dimension of the display is changed.
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Figure 6-4: Pinching
Operating the instrument
Touchscreen gestures
Figure 6-5: Spreading
Touch gestures in diagrams change measurement settings
When you change the display using touch gestures, the corresponding measurement settings are adapted. This is different to selecting an area on the
screen in zoom mode, where merely the resolution of the displayed trace
points is changed temporarily (graphical zoom).
Mouse vs. touch actions
Any user interface elements that react to actions by a mouse pointer also react to
finger gestures on the screen, and vice versa. The following touch actions correspond to mouse actions:
Table 6-1: Correlation of mouse and touch actions
Mouse operation Touch operation
Click Tap
Double-click Double-tap
Click and hold Touch and hold
Right-click Touch, hold for 1 second and release
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Mouse operation Touch operation
Operating the instrument
Getting help
Drag-&-drop (= click and hold, then drag and
release)
Mouse wheel to scroll up or down Swipe
Dragging scrollbars to scroll up or down, left or
right
In (graphical) Zoom mode only: dragging the
borders of the displayed rectangle to change
its size
Touch, then drag and release
Swipe
Touch, then drag and release
Example:
You can scroll through a long table in conventional mouse operation by clicking in
the table's scrollbar repeatedly. In touch operation, you would scroll through the
table by dragging the table up and down with your finger.
6.5 Getting help
If any questions or problems concerning the R&S ZNLE arise, an extensive online
help system is provided on the instrument and can be consulted at any time. The
help system is context-sensitive and provides information specifically for the current operation or setting to be performed. In addition, general topics provide an
overview on complete tasks or function groups as well as background information.
The online help can be opened at any time by selecting one of the "Help" icons
on the toolbar or by pressing the [F1] key on an external or the on-screen keyboard.
To call context-sensitive help
► To display the "Help" dialog box for the currently focused screen element, e.g.
a softkey or a setting in an opened dialog box, select the "Help" icon on the
toolbar.
The "Help" dialog box "View" tab is displayed. A topic containing information
about the focused screen element is displayed.
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If no context-specific help topic is available, a more general topic or the "Content" tab is displayed.
For standard Windows dialog boxes (e.g. File Properties, Print dialog etc.),
no context-sensitive help is available.
to display a help topic for a screen element not currently focused
1. Select the "Help pointer" icon on the toolbar.
The pointer changes its shape to a "?" and an arrow.
2. Select the screen element to change the focus.
A topic containing information about the selected (now focused) screen element is displayed.
Operating the instrument
Getting help
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Collecting information for support
Customer support
7 Customer support
7.1 Collecting information for support
If problems occur, the instrument generates error messages which in most cases
will be sufficient for you to detect the cause of an error and find a remedy.
Error messages are described in the "Troubleshooting" section of the user manuals.
In addition, our customer support centers are there to assist you in solving any
problems that you may encounter with your R&S ZNLE. We will find solutions
more quickly and efficiently if you provide us with the information listed below.
●
Windows Event Log Files
Windows records important actions of applications and the operating system
in event logs. You can create event log files to summarize and save the existing event logs (see "To create windows event log files" on page 70).
●
System Configuration: The "System Configuration" dialog box (in the
"Setup" menu) provides information on:
– Hardware Info: hardware assemblies
– Versions and Options: the status of all software and hardware options
installed on your instrument
– System Messages: messages on any errors that may have occurred
An .xml file with information on the system configuration ( "Device Footprint" )
can be created automatically (using the DIAGnostic:SERVice:SINFo command or as described in "To collect the support information" on page 70).
●
Error Log: The RSError.log file (in the
C:\Program Files\Rohde-Schwarz\Vector Network Analyzer\ZNL\
log directory) contains a chronological record of errors.
●
Support file: a *.zip file with important support information can be created
automatically (in the
C:\Program Files\Rohde-Schwarz\Vector Network Analyzer\ZNL\
user directory). The *.zip file contains the system configuration information
( "Device Footprint" ), the current eeprom data and a screenshot of the screen
display.
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Collecting information for support
To collect the support information
1. Press the [Setup] key.
2. Select "Service" > "R&S Support" and then "Create R&S Support Information" .
The file is stored as
C:\Program Files\Rohde-Schwarz\Vector Network Analyzer\ZNL\
user\<inst_model>_<serial-no>_<date_and_time>.zip
For example
C:\Program Files\Rohde-Schwarz\Vector Network Analyzer\ZNL\
user\ZNLE3__20160803_145113.zip
To create windows event log files
1. Select the "Windows Start Button" in the bottom left corner.
Customer support
2. Enter Event Viewer and select "Enter".
3. Select and expand "Windows Logs" in the "Console Tree".
4. Right-click on each subsection and select "Save All Events As...".
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Customer support
Contacting customer support
Figure 7-1: Event Viewer
5. Enter a file name and select "Save"
Collect the error information and attach it to an email in which you describe the
problem. Send the email to the customer support address for your region as listed
in Chapter 7.2, "Contacting customer support", on page 71.
7.2 Contacting customer support
Technical support – where and when you need it
For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz product, contact our customer
support center. A team of highly qualified engineers provides support and works
with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz products.
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Customer support
Contacting customer support
Contact information
Contact our customer support center at www.rohde-schwarz.com/support, or fol-
low this QR code:
Figure 7-2: QR code to the Rohde & Schwarz support page
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Index
Index
A
Alphanumeric parameters ....................... 63
Application cards ..................................... 12
Application notes ..................................... 12
Arrow keys ...............................................35
B
Brochures ................................................ 11
C
Calibration certificate ...............................12
Connector
AC power supply .................................37
Display Port ........................................ 39
DVI ......................................................39
GPIB interface .................................... 38
LAN .....................................................38
Ref. In ................................................. 38
Ref. Out .............................................. 38
Trigger In .............................................38
USB .............................................. 31, 38
Context menus ........................................ 61
Customer support ....................................71
D
Data sheets ............................................. 11
Dialog boxes
Slider ...................................................63
Transparency ......................................63
Display Port
Connector ........................................... 39
DVI
Connector ........................................... 39
E
Entering data ........................................... 62
Error log ...................................................69
Evaluation of data ....................................47
External monitor
Connectors ......................................... 39
F
Firmware updates
see User Manual .................................13
Function keys
Details - see user manual ................... 32
Overview .............................................32
G
Getting started .........................................10
GPIB interface
Configuring - see user manual ............38
Connector ........................................... 38
Graphical zoom ....................................... 66
H
Hardcopy
see Screenshots ................................. 53
Help ......................................................... 67
I
Instrument calibration .............................. 44
Instrument security procedures ............... 11
K
Key
DOWN ................................................ 35
LEFT ................................................... 35
Power ..................................................31
RIGHT .................................................35
UP .......................................................35
Keyboard
On-screen ........................................... 61
Keypad
Overview .............................................33
L
LAN
Connector ........................................... 38
Loading
Trying out ............................................52
M
Measurement examples .......................... 40
Measurement zoom .................................66
Menus
Context-sensitive ................................ 61
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Index
N
Navigation
Controls .............................................. 34
in tables .............................................. 34
Navigation keys ....................................... 35
Numeric parameters ................................63
O
On-screen keyboard ..........................61, 63
Online help
Working with ....................................... 67
P
Parameters
Entering .............................................. 63
Power
Key ......................................................31
Power supply
Connector ........................................... 37
Printing
Trying out ............................................53
R
T
Technical support .................................... 69
Touchscreen
Overview .............................................29
Transmission measurement (example) ... 41
Trigger In
Connector ........................................... 38
Trying out
Prerequisites .......................................40
U
USB
Connector ........................................... 38
Connectors ......................................... 31
W
White papers ........................................... 12
Windows
Access ................................................ 23
Dialog boxes ....................................... 63
Wizard ..................................................... 40
Z
Rear panel
Overview .............................................36
Ref. In
Connector ........................................... 38
Ref. Out
Connector ........................................... 38
Reflection measurement (example) ........ 48
Release notes ..........................................11
Rotary knob ............................................. 34
S
S-Parameter Wizard ................................40
Safety instructions ............................... 5, 11
Saving
Trying out ......................................51, 53
Screenshots
Trying out ............................................53
Security procedures .................................11
Service manual ........................................10
Softtools .................................................. 60
Support ....................................................69
Sweep range selection ............................ 42
System
Keys ....................................................31
Zoom
Graphical ............................................ 66
Measurement ......................................66
Zooming
Trying out ............................................50
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