®
R&S
ZNL
Vector Network Analyzer
Getting Started
(=GLÑ2)
1323286702
Version 16
This manual applies to the following R&S®ZNL models with firmware version 1.61
and higher:
●
R&S®ZNL3, 5 kHz to 3 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors,
order no. 1323.0012K03
●
R&S®ZNL4, 5 kHz to 4.5 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors,
order no. 1323.0012K04
●
R&S®ZNL6, 5 kHz to 6 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors,
order no. 1323.0012K06
●
R&S®ZNL14, 5 kHz to 14 GHz, 2 ports, N(f) connectors,
order no. 1323.0012K14
●
R&S®ZNL20, 5 kHz to 20 GHz, 2 ports, 3.5 mm (m) connectors,
order no. 1323.0012K20
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners.
1323.2867.02 | Version 16 | R&S®ZNL
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g.
R&S®ZNL is indicated as R&S ZNL.
R&S®ZNL
Contents
1 Safety and regulatory information....................................... 5
1.1 Safety instructions................................................................................5
1.2 Labels on R&S ZNL...............................................................................9
1.3 Warning messages in the documentation........................................10
1.4 Korea certification class A.................................................................10
2 Documentation overview.................................................... 11
2.1 Getting started manual....................................................................... 11
2.2 User manuals and help.......................................................................11
Contents
2.3 Service manual....................................................................................12
2.4 Instrument security procedures........................................................ 12
2.5 Printed safety instructions.................................................................12
2.6 Data sheets and brochures................................................................12
2.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)...............13
2.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc................. 13
2.9 Calibration certificate......................................................................... 13
3 Preparing for use................................................................. 14
3.1 Lifting and carrying............................................................................ 14
3.2 Unpacking and checking....................................................................14
3.3 Choosing the operating site.............................................................. 15
3.4 Setting up the R&S ZNL..................................................................... 15
3.5 Connecting to power.......................................................................... 18
3.6 Switching on or off............................................................................. 21
3.7 Connecting to LAN............................................................................. 23
3.8 Connecting a keyboard...................................................................... 24
3.9 Connecting an external monitor........................................................24
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R&S®ZNL
3.10 Windows operating system................................................................27
3.11 Logging on.......................................................................................... 29
3.12 Checking the supplied options..........................................................31
3.13 Considerations for test setup............................................................ 31
Contents
4 Instrument tour.................................................................... 33
4.1 Front panel view..................................................................................33
4.2 Rear panel view...................................................................................41
5 Trying out the instrument................................................... 49
5.1 Performing measurements................................................................ 49
5.2 Zooming into the display................................................................... 59
5.3 Saving settings................................................................................... 60
5.4 Printing and saving results................................................................62
5.5 Activating additional channel setups............................................... 63
5.6 Trying out spectrum mode................................................................. 66
5.7 Performing sequential measurements..............................................74
6 Operating the instrument....................................................76
6.1 Understanding the Display Information (VNA Mode)...................... 76
6.2 Accessing the functionality............................................................... 78
6.3 Entering data....................................................................................... 83
6.4 Touchscreen gestures........................................................................ 85
6.5 Getting help......................................................................................... 88
7 Customer support................................................................90
7.1 Collecting information for support....................................................90
7.2 Contacting customer support............................................................92
Index..................................................................................... 94
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R&S®ZNL
Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
1 Safety and regulatory information
The product documentation helps you use the product safely and efficiently. Follow the instructions provided here and in the following chapters.
Intended use
The product is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments. Use the product only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating
conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you of potential
dangers and gives instructions on how to prevent personal injury or damage
caused by dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
In Chapter 1.1, "Safety instructions", on page 5. The same information is
provided in many languages as printed "Safety Instructions". The printed
"Safety Instructions" are delivered with the product.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you
need to take care during setup or operation.
1.1 Safety instructions
Products from the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies are manufactured
according to the highest technical standards. To use the products safely, follow
the instructions provided here and in the product documentation. Keep the product documentation nearby and offer it to other users.
Use the product only for its intended use and within its performance limits. Intended use and limits are described in the product documentation such as the data
sheet, manuals and the printed "Safety Instructions". If you are unsure about the
appropriate use, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
Using the product requires specialists or specially trained personnel. These users
also need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user
interfaces and the product documentation are available.
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R&S®ZNL
Never open the casing of the product. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product. If any part of the product is
damaged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer
service at http://www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com.
Lifting and carrying the product
The maximum weight of the product is provided in the data sheet. To move the
product safely, you can use lifting or transporting equipment such as lift trucks
and forklifts. Follow the instructions provided by the equipment manufacturer.
Choosing the operating site
Only use the product indoors. The product casing is not waterproof. Water that
enters can electrically connect the casing with live parts, which can lead to electric shock, serious personal injury or death if you touch the casing. If
Rohde & Schwarz provides accessories designed for your product, e.g. a carrying
bag, you can use the product outdoors.
Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
Unless otherwise specified, you can operate the product up to an altitude of
2000 m above sea level. The product is suitable for pollution degree 2 environments where nonconductive contamination can occur. For more information on
environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the
data sheet.
Setting up the product
Always place the product on a stable, flat and level surface with the bottom of the
product facing down. If the product is designed for different positions, secure the
product so that it cannot fall over.
If the product has foldable feet, always fold the feet completely in or out to ensure
stability. The feet can collapse if they are not folded out completely or if the product is moved without lifting it. The foldable feet are designed to carry the weight of
the product, but not an extra load.
If stacking is possible, keep in mind that a stack of products can fall over and
cause injury.
If you mount products in a rack, ensure that the rack has sufficient load capacity
and stability. Observe the specifications of the rack manufacturer. Always install
the products from the bottom shelf to the top shelf so that the rack stands
securely. Secure the product so that it cannot fall off the rack.
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R&S®ZNL
Connecting to power
The product is an overvoltage category II product. Connect the product to a fixed
installation used to supply energy-consuming equipment such as household
appliances and similar loads. Keep in mind that electrically powered products
have risks, such as electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Take the following measures for your safety:
●
Before switching on the product, ensure that the voltage and frequency indicated on the product match the available power source. If the power adapter
does not adjust automatically, set the correct value and check the rating of the
fuse.
●
If a product has an exchangeable fuse, its type and characteristics are indicated next to the fuse holder. Before changing the fuse, switch off the instrument
and disconnect it from the power source. How to change the fuse is described
in the product documentation.
Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
●
Only use the power cable delivered with the product. It complies with countryspecific safety requirements. Only insert the plug into an outlet with protective
conductor terminal.
●
Only use intact cables and route them carefully so that they cannot be damaged. Check the power cables regularly to ensure that they are undamaged.
Also ensure that nobody can trip over loose cables.
●
If the product needs an external power supply, use the power supply that is
delivered with the product or that is recommended in the product documentation or a power supply that conforms to the country-specific regulations.
●
Only connect the product to a power source with a fuse protection of maximum 20 A.
●
Ensure that you can disconnect the product from the power source at any
time. Pull the power plug to disconnect the product. The power plug must be
easily accessible. If the product is integrated into a system that does not meet
these requirements, provide an easily accessible circuit breaker at the system
level.
Handling batteries safely
The product contains exchangeable or built-in lithium polymer or lithium ion cells
or batteries. The use of the word battery in the following always means all types.
Only the battery contents are potentially hazardous. As long as a battery is
undamaged and the seals remain intact, there is no danger.
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R&S®ZNL
Impact, shock or heat can cause damage such as dents, punctures and other
deformations. A damaged battery poses a risk of personal injury. Handle a damaged or leaking battery with extreme care. Immediately ventilate the area since
the battery releases harmful gases. If you come into contact with the battery fluid,
immediately remove all contaminated clothing. Irritation can occur if the battery
fluid comes in contact with your skin or eyes. Immediately and thoroughly rinse
your skin or eyes with water and seek medical aid.
For safe handling, follow these rules:
●
Do not short-circuit the battery.
●
Do not mechanically damage the battery. Do not open or disassemble the battery.
●
Do not expose the battery to high temperatures such as open flames, hot surfaces and sunlight.
●
Only use the battery with the designated Rohde & Schwarz product.
Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
●
Only use the appropriate Rohde & Schwarz charger to charge the batteries. If
the batteries are improperly charged, there is a risk of explosion. For charging
and discharging temperature ranges, see the product documentation.
●
Replace exchangeable batteries only with the same battery type.
●
Store the battery in the product or use the product packaging.
●
Dispose of exchangeable batteries separately from normal household waste
as specified by the local waste disposal agency.
If you disregard these rules, you risk serious personal injury or even death due to
explosion, fire or hazardous chemical substances. The product documentation
provides further details.
If exchangeable batteries or products with built-in batteries are defective, contact
the Rohde & Schwarz customer service. Rohde & Schwarz classifies the severity
of the defect. When returning batteries or Rohde & Schwarz products containing
batteries, use a carrier qualified to transport dangerous goods and notify the carrier of this classification. Follow the carrier’s transport stipulations in line with
IATA-DGR, IMDG-Code, ADR or RID.
Connecting headphones
Take the following measures to prevent hearing damage. Before using headphones, check the volume and reduce it if necessary. If you monitor varying signal levels, take off the headphones and wait until the signal has settled. Then
adjust the volume.
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R&S®ZNL
Safety and regulatory information
Labels on R&S ZNL
Cleaning the product
Use a dry, lint-free cloth to clean the product. When cleaning, keep in mind that
the casing is not waterproof. Do not use liquid cleaning agents.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential hazards.
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
Electrical hazard
Indicates live parts. Risk of electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Hot surface
Do not touch. Risk of skin burns. Risk of fire.
Protective conductor terminal
Connect this terminal to a grounded external conductor or to protective ground. This
connection protects you against electric shock if an electric problem occurs.
1.2 Labels on R&S ZNL
Labels on the casing inform about:
●
Personal safety, see "Meaning of safety labels" on page 9
●
Product and environment safety, see Table 1-1
●
Identification of the product, see Chapter 4.2.14, "Device ID", on page 47
Table 1-1: Labels regarding R&S ZNL and environment safety
Labeling in line with EN 50419 for disposal of electrical and electronic equipment after
the product has come to the end of its service life. For more information, see the product user manual, chapter "Disposal".
Labeling in line with directive 2006/66/EC for disposal of batteries after they have come
to the end of their service life. For more information, see the R&S ZNL user manual,
chapter "Disposal".
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R&S®ZNL
Safety and regulatory information
Korea certification class A
1.3 Warning messages in the documentation
A warning message points out a risk or danger that you need to be aware of. The
signal word indicates the severity of the safety hazard and how likely it will occur
if you do not follow the safety precautions.
CAUTION
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in minor or moderate injury if not
avoided.
NOTICE
Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to
other property.
1.4 Korea certification class A
이 기기는 업무용(A급) 전자파 적합기기로서 판매자 또는 사용자는 이 점을 주의하
시기 바라며, 가정외의 지역에서 사용하는 것을 목적으로 합니다.
10Getting Started 1323.2867.02 ─ 16
R&S®ZNL
Documentation overview
User manuals and help
2 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S ZNL user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S ZNL product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/ZNL
2.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S ZNL and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general
information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for
download on the Internet.
2.2 User manuals and help
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote
control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the
getting started manual.
●
Firmware application manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application,
including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the
R&S ZNL is not included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S ZNL. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base
unit and the firmware applications.
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R&S®ZNL
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the
Internet.
Documentation overview
Data sheets and brochures
2.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module
replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination,
and contains mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global
Rohde & Schwarz information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com/irj/portal/SearchDetailView?downloadContainerID=484937
2.4 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S ZNL in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
2.5 Printed safety instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with the product.
2.6 Data sheets and brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S ZNL. It also lists
the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific
characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/ZNL
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R&S®ZNL
Documentation overview
Calibration certificate
2.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of
the used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/ZNL
2.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on
particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/ZNL
2.9 Calibration certificate
The document is available on https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com/calcert. You need
the device ID of your instrument, which you can find on a label on the rear panel.
13Getting Started 1323.2867.02 ─ 16
R&S®ZNL
Unpacking and checking
Preparing for use
3 Preparing for use
Here, you can find basic information about setting up the product for the first time.
● Lifting and carrying..........................................................................................14
● Unpacking and checking................................................................................. 14
● Choosing the operating site............................................................................ 15
● Setting up the R&S ZNL..................................................................................15
● Connecting to power....................................................................................... 18
● Switching on or off...........................................................................................21
● Connecting to LAN.......................................................................................... 23
● Connecting a keyboard................................................................................... 24
● Connecting an external monitor...................................................................... 24
● Windows operating system............................................................................. 27
● Logging on...................................................................................................... 29
● Checking the supplied options........................................................................ 31
● Considerations for test setup.......................................................................... 31
3.1 Lifting and carrying
The carrying handles are designed to lift or carry the instrument. Do not apply
excessive external force to the handles.
See "Lifting and carrying the product" on page 6.
3.2 Unpacking and checking
1. Unpack the R&S ZNL carefully.
2. Retain the original packing material. Use it when transporting or shipping the
R&S ZNL later.
3. Using the delivery notes, check the equipment for completeness.
14Getting Started 1323.2867.02 ─ 16
R&S®ZNL
Setting up the R&S ZNL
4. Check the equipment for damage.
If the delivery is incomplete or equipment is damaged, contact
Rohde & Schwarz.
Preparing for use
3.3 Choosing the operating site
Specific operating conditions ensure proper operation and avoid damage to the
product and connected devices. For information on environmental conditions
such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
See also "Choosing the operating site" on page 6.
Electromagnetic compatibility classes
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) class indicates where you can operate
the product. The EMC class of the product is given in the data sheet under "General data".
●
Class B equipment is suitable for use in:
– Residential environments
– Environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network
that supplies residential buildings
●
Class A equipment is intended for use in industrial environments. It can cause
radio disturbances in residential environments due to possible conducted and
radiated disturbances. It is therefore not suitable for class B environments.
If class A equipment causes radio disturbances, take appropriate measures to
eliminate them.
3.4 Setting up the R&S ZNL
The R&S ZNL is designed for use either on a bench top or in a rack, or as a portable instrument (with optional battery operation) in a transport bag in the field.
See also:
●
"Setting up the product" on page 6
●
"Intended use" on page 5
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R&S®ZNL
Setting up the R&S ZNL
Preparing for use
3.4.1 Placing the R&S ZNL on a bench top
To place the product on a bench top
1. Place the product on a stable, flat and level surface. Ensure that the surface
can support the weight of the product. For information on the weight, see the
data sheet.
2. CAUTION! Foldable feet can collapse. See "Setting up the product"
on page 6.
Always fold the feet completely in or out. With folded-out feet, do not place
anything on top or underneath.
3. CAUTION! The product can fall over and cause injury. The top surface is too
small for stacking. Never stack another product on top of the product.
As an alternative, you can mount several products in a rack.
4. NOTICE! Overheating can damage the product.
Prevent overheating as follows:
● Keep a minimum distance of 10 cm between the fan openings of the prod-
uct and any object in the vicinity.
● Do not place the product next to heat-generating equipment such as radiators or other products.
3.4.2 Mounting the R&S ZNL in a rack
To prepare the rack
1. Observe the requirements and instructions in "Setting up the product"
on page 6.
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R&S®ZNL
Setting up the R&S ZNL
2. NOTICE! Insufficient airflow can cause overheating and damage the product.
Design and implement an efficient ventilation concept for the rack.
To mount the R&S ZNL in a rack
1. Use an adapter kit to prepare the R&S ZNL for rack mounting.
a) Order the rack adapter kit designed for the R&S ZNL. For the order num-
ber, see the data sheet.
b) Mount the adapter kit. Follow the assembly instructions provided with the
adapter kit.
2. Lift the R&S ZNL to shelf height.
3. Grab the handles and push the R&S ZNL onto the shelf until the rack brackets
fit closely to the rack.
4. Tighten all screws in the rack brackets with a tightening torque of 1.2 Nm to
secure the R&S ZNL in the rack.
Preparing for use
To unmount the R&S ZNL from a rack
1. Loosen the screws at the rack brackets.
2. Remove the R&S ZNL from the rack.
3. If placing the R&S ZNL on a bench top again, unmount the adapter kit from
the R&S ZNL. Follow the instructions provided with the adapter kit.
3.4.3 Portable operation
An optional carrying bag designed specifically for the R&S ZNL allows you to protect the instrument while working in the field. The bag includes ventilation areas at
the position of the ventilation outlets in the casing to ensure air circulation. The
transparent cover allows you to operate the instrument without removing it from
the bag. With the help of the optional vest holster, you can carry the R&S ZNL in
its bag and keep your hands free. Together with the optional battery pack (see
Chapter 3.5.3, "Optional battery pack (R&S FPL1-b31)", on page 20), and
packed in the dedicated carrying bag, the R&S ZNL is ideally suited for operation
directly in the field, even in rough environments.
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R&S®ZNL
Preparing for use
Connecting to power
► Inspect the carrying bag for wear and tear before placing the instrument in it.
For details on optional accessories, see the R&S ZNL data sheet.
3.5 Connecting to power
There are various options to supply power to the R&S ZNL.
●
The R&S ZNL is equipped with an AC power supply connector.
●
The R&S ZNL can also be equipped with an optional (internal) DC power supply connector (R&S FPL1-B30).
●
The R&S ZNL allows for battery operation if option R&S FPL1-B31 is installed.
3.5.1 Connecting the AC power
The R&S ZNL can be used with different AC power voltages and adapts itself
automatically to it. Refer to the datasheet for the requirements of voltage and frequency.
For safety information, see "Connecting to power" on page 7.
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R&S®ZNL
To connect the AC power
1. Plug the AC power cable into the AC power connector on the rear panel of the
instrument. Only use the AC power cable delivered with the R&S ZNL.
2. Plug the AC power cable into a power outlet with ground contact.
The required ratings are listed next to the AC power connector and in the data
sheet.
For details on the connector, refer to Chapter 4.2.1, "AC power supply connection
and main power switch", on page 42.
Preparing for use
Connecting to power
3.5.2 Connecting an optional DC power supply (R&S FPL1-b30)
The R&S ZNL can also be equipped with an optional DC power supply connector
(R&S FPL1-B30). If installed, the R&S ZNL can be operated by a DC voltage of
+12 V to +24 V. For details on the connector see Chapter 4.2.2, "Li-Ion battery
packs and DC power connector", on page 43.
If you use an external power supply unit to supply safety extra-low DC voltage
(SELV) to the instrument, be sure to meet the requirements for reinforced/double
insulation in accordance with DIN/EN/IEC 61010 (UL 3111, CSA C22.2 No.
1010.1) or DIN/EN/IEC 60950 (UL 1950, CSA C22.2 No. 950). Provide current
limitation in accordance with DIN EN 61010-1 Appendix F2.1. Use a cable no longer than 3 m.
Also see "Connecting to power" on page 7.
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R&S®ZNL
DC connection
► Connect the DC power connector on the rear panel of the R&S ZNL to the DC
power source using a cable as described above.
Preparing for use
Connecting to power
3.5.3 Optional battery pack (R&S FPL1-b31)
As an alternative to the fixed AC or DC power supply, the R&S ZNL also allows
for battery operation. The "Battery Pack" option R&S FPL1-B31 comprises two Liion batteries and an internal charger. The internal charger charges the batteries
whenever the instrument is connected to AC or DC power. During operation, if
neither DC nor AC power is supplied, the R&S ZNL automatically switches to battery operation.
The battery pack can be retrofitted by Rohde&Schwarz service.
For models R&S ZNL14 and R&S ZNL20, hot-swapping a single Li-ion battery is possible. However, long-term operation with a single battery is not
supported.
For safety information, see "Handling batteries safely" on page 7.
Charging batteries
Charge the batteries before using battery operation for the first time. Following a
long storage period, it can be necessary to charge and discharge the batteries
several times to reach full capacity.
For batteries from third parties, follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. For batteries manufactured by Rohde & Schwarz, observe the following:
●
If inserted in the R&S ZNL, batteries are charged via the common AC or DC
power supply.
●
You can also use the external battery charger R&S FSV-B34 to charge up to 4
batteries.
20Getting Started 1323.2867.02 ─ 16
R&S®ZNL
Preparing for use
Switching on or off
●
Charge in a temperature range from +0 °C to +45 °C. If the temperature is
above or below these values, or the temparature varies strongly, charging is
interrupted. If the battery temperature rises above +53 °C, charging is stopped.
●
Try not to overcharge the battery too often because overcharging reduces the
service life of the battery.
When the battery is being charged in standby mode, the [Power] LED
blinks. During operation, the status bar indicates that the battery is
being charged.
Spare battery pack (R&S FPL1-Z4)
In addition to the internal battery pack (option R&S FPL1-B31), spare batteries
are available for the R&S ZNL. The spare battery pack R&S FPL1-Z4 comprises
two additional Li-ion batteries.
Outside the R&S ZNL, batteries can be charged using the external battery
charger R&S FSV-B34. Even during battery operation, you can exchange the
internal batteries while the R&S ZNL is running, as long as one battery remains in
the instrument. However, it is not recommended to operate the R&S ZNL with
only one battery for a longer period.
For models R&S ZNL14 and R&S ZNL20, hot-swapping a single Li-ion battery is possible. However, long-term operation with a single battery is not
supported.
3.6 Switching on or off
Table 3-1: Overview of power states
Status LED on Power key Position of main power switch
Off
gray
[0]
Standby
Ready
orange
green
[I]
[I]
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R&S®ZNL
To switch on the R&S ZNL
The R&S ZNL is off but connected to power.
1. Set the switch on the power supply to position [I].
See Chapter 4.2.1, "AC power supply connection and main power switch",
on page 42.
The LED of the Power key is orange.
See Chapter 4.1.2, "Power key", on page 35.
Note: If the R&S ZNL was disconnected from power before it was switched off
regularly, it automatically switches back on when the power is reconnected.
Using a LAN-controlled power switch, you can take advantage of this behavior
to switch the device on and off remotely.
2. Press the Power key.
The LED changes to green.
The instrument operates on battery, DC, or AC power, whichever is supplied.
The R&S ZNL boots.
Preparing for use
Switching on or off
After booting, the instrument is ready for operation.
To shut down the product
The product is in the ready state.
► Press the [Power] key.
The operating system shuts down. The LED changes to orange.
To disconnect from power
The R&S ZNL is in the standby state.
1. NOTICE! Risk of data loss. If you disconnect the product from power when it
is in the ready state, you can lose settings and data. Shut it down first.
Set the switch on the power supply to position [0].
See Chapter 4.2.1, "AC power supply connection and main power switch",
on page 42.
The LED of the standby key is switched off.
2. Disconnect the R&S ZNL from the power source.
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R&S®ZNL
Preparing for use
Connecting to LAN
3.7 Connecting to LAN
You can connect the instrument to a LAN for remote operation via a PC.
Provided the network administrator has assigned you the appropriate rights and
adapted the Windows firewall configuration, you can use the interface, for example:
●
To transfer data between a controlling device and the test device, e.g. to run a
remote control program
●
To access or control the measurement from a remote computer using the
"Remote Desktop" application (or a similar tool)
●
To connect external network devices (e.g. printers)
●
To transfer data from a remote computer and back, e.g. using network folders
Network environment
Before connecting the product to a local area network (LAN), consider the following:
●
Install the latest firmware to reduce security risks.
●
For internet or remote access, use secured connections, if applicable.
●
Ensure that the network settings comply with the security policies of your company. Contact your local system administrator or IT department before connecting your product to your company LAN.
●
When connected to the LAN, the product may potentially be accessed from
the internet, which may be a security risk. For example, attackers might misuse or damage the product. For more information about IT security and how to
operate the product in a secure LAN environment, see the Rohde & Schwarz
white paper 1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10.
► NOTICE! Risk of network failure.
Consult your network administrator before performing the following tasks:
● Connecting the instrument to the network
● Configuring the network
● Changing IP addresses
● Exchanging hardware
Errors can affect the entire network.
Connect the R&S ZNL to the LAN via the LAN interface on the rear panel of
the instrument.
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R&S®ZNL
Connecting an external monitor
Windows automatically detects the network connection and activates the
required drivers.
By default, the R&S ZNL is configured to use DHCP and no static IP address
is configured.
The default instrument name is <Type><variant>-<serial_number>, for
example, ZNL3-123456. For information on determining the serial number,
see Chapter 4.2.14, "Device ID", on page 47.
For more information on LAN configuration, see the R&S ZNL user manual.
Preparing for use
3.8 Connecting a keyboard
The keyboard is detected automatically when it is connected. The default input
language is English – US.
However, you can also connect foreign language keyboards; currently the following languages are supported for the R&S ZNL:
●
German
●
Swiss
●
French
●
Russian
To configure the keyboard language
1. To access the Windows operating system, press the Windows key on the
external keyboard.
2. Select "Start > Settings > Time & language > Region & language > Add a language" .
3.9 Connecting an external monitor
You can connect an external monitor (or projector) to the "DVI" connector on the
rear panel of the R&S ZNL (see also Chapter 4.2.13, "DVI", on page 47).
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R&S®ZNL
Connecting an external monitor
Screen resolution and format
The touchscreen of the R&S ZNL is calibrated for a 16:10 format. If you connect a monitor or projector using a different format (e.g. 4:3), the calibration
is not correct and the screen does not react to your touch actions properly.
The touchscreen has a screen resolution of 1280x800 pixels. Usually, the
display of the external monitor is a duplicate of the instrument's monitor.
If you configure the external monitor to be used as the only display in the
Windows configuration dialog box ("Show only on 2"), the maximum screen
resolution of the monitor is used. In this case, you can maximize the
R&S ZNL application window and see even more details. You cannot
change the monitor's screen resolution via the standard Windows configuration dialog box.
The R&S ZNL supports a minimum resolution of 1280x768 pixels.
Preparing for use
1. Connect the external monitor to the R&S ZNL.
2. Press the [Setup] key.
3. Press the "Display" softkey.
4. Select the "Configure Monitor" tab in the "Display" dialog box.
The standard Windows "Screen Resolution" dialog box is displayed.
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R&S®ZNL
Connecting an external monitor
5. If necessary, change the screen resolution. Consider the information in the
note above.
6. Select the instrument for display:
● "Display 1" : internal monitor only
● "Display 2" : external monitor only
● "Duplicate" : both internal and external monitor
7. Tap "Apply" to try out the settings before they are accepted permanently, then
you can easily return to the previous settings, if necessary.
8. Select "OK" if the settings are suitable.
Fixing a wrong touchscreen mapping
For instruments that are equipped with a system image version < 0.8, the touchscreen function is erroneously mapped to the external monitor by default. This
mismatch is particularly inconvenient in extended display mode, where touch gestures on the instrument screen actually operate on the external screen. In duplicate monitor mode, touch screen operation also malfunctions if the resolutions of
the internal and external display do not match.
Preparing for use
To fix the mapping between touchscreen and display, connect an external monitor
to the R&S ZNL and proceed as follows:
1. Select [Setup] > "Display" > "Configure Monitor" > "Display Switch" to bring up
the Windows 10 "PROJECT" notification window.
Or press [Win]+[P] on a connected keyboard.
2. Select "Extend".
3. In the Windows task bar, search for "tablet" and select "Tablet PC Settings"
4. In the "Tablet PC Settings" dialog, select "Setup…". Enter the administrator
password to proceed.
Observe the message "Touch this screen to identify it as the touchscreen" on
the internal touch screen.
5. Tap on the internal touch screen.
6. Press [ENTER].
Observe the message "Touch this screen to identify it as the touchscreen" on
the external screen.
7. If the external monitor is also a touchscreen, tap on it.
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R&S®ZNL
Windows operating system
8. Press [ENTER].
Touch screen operation functions correctly now. Use the "PROJECT" flyout
again to select the appropriate display mode.
Refer to the "Versions + Options" tab of the [Setup] > "System Configuration" dialog to determine the "Image" version of your instrument.
Preparing for use
3.10 Windows operating system
The instrument contains the Windows operating system which has been configured according to the instrument's features and needs. Changes in the system
setup are only required when peripherals like a keyboard or a printer are installed
or if the network configuration does not comply with the default settings. After the
R&S ZNL is started, the operating system boots and the instrument firmware is
started automatically.
Tested software
The drivers and programs used on the instrument under Windows are adapted to
the instrument. Only install update software released by Rohde & Schwarz to
modify existing instrument software.
You can install additional software on the instrument; however, additional software can impair instrument function. Thus, run only programs that
Rohde & Schwarz has tested for compatibility with the instrument software.
The following program packages have been tested:
●
Symantec Endpoint Security – virus-protection software
●
FileShredder - for reliable deletion of files on the hard disk
Service packs and updates
Microsoft regularly creates security updates and other patches to protect Windows-based operating systems. They are released through the Microsoft Update
website and associated update server. Update instruments using Windows regularly, especially instruments that connect to a network.
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R&S®ZNL
Windows operating system
Firewall settings
A firewall protects an instrument by preventing unauthorized users from gaining
access to it through a network. Rohde & Schwarz highly recommends using the
firewall on your instrument. Rohde & Schwarz instruments are shipped with the
Windows firewall enabled. All ports and connections for remote control are
enabled.
Note that changing firewall settings requires administrator rights.
Virus protection
Take appropriate steps to protect your instruments from infection. Use strong firewall settings and scan any removable storage device used with a
Rohde & Schwarz instrument regularly. It is also recommended that you install
anti-virus software on the instrument. Rohde & Schwarz does NOT recommend
running anti-virus software in the background ("on-access" mode) on Windowsbased instruments, due to potentially degrading instrument performance. However, Rohde & Schwarz does recommend running it during non-critical hours.
Preparing for use
For details and recommendations, see the following Rohde & Schwarz white
paper:
●
1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10
To access the "Start" menu
The Windows "Start" menu provides access to the Windows functionality and
installed programs.
► Press the "Windows" key on the front panel, or press the "Windows" key or
the [CTRL + ESC] key combination on the (external) keyboard.
The "Start" menu and the Windows taskbar are displayed.
The Windows taskbar also provides quick access to commonly used programs, for example Paint or WordPad. IECWIN, the auxiliary remote control
tool provided free of charge and installed by Rohde & Schwarz, is also available from the taskbar or "Start" menu.
For details on the IECWIN tool, see the "Network and Remote Control"
chapter of the R&S ZNL user manual.
All necessary system settings can be defined in the "Start > Settings" menu.
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R&S®ZNL
For required settings, refer to the Windows documentation and to the hardware
description.
Preparing for use
Logging on
3.11 Logging on
Windows requires that users identify themselves by entering a user name and
password in a login window. By default, the R&S ZNL provides two user
accounts:
●
"Instrument" : a standard user account with limited access
●
"Admin" or "Administrator" (depends on firmware image): an administrator
account with unrestricted access to the computer/domain
Some administrative tasks require administrator rights (e.g. the configuration of a
LAN network). Refer to the description of the basic instrument Setup ([Setup]
menu) to find out which functions are affected.
Passwords
For all default user accounts, the initial password is 894129. Note that this password is very weak, and we strongly recommend that you change the password for
both users after initial login. An administrator can change the password in Windows for any user at any time via "Start > Settings > Account > SignIn Options >
Password > Change".
Auto-login
When shipped, the instrument automatically logs on the default "Instrument" user
to Windows using the default password. This function is active until an administrator explicitly deactivates it or changes the password.
Changing the password and use of auto-login function
Note that when you change the default password, the default auto-login
function no longer works!
In this case, you must enter the new password manually to log on.
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R&S®ZNL
Adapting the auto-login function to a new password
If you change the password that is used during auto-login, this function no longer
works. Adapt the settings for the auto-login function first.
1. Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar to access the operating system of the
R&S ZNL (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 28).
2. Open the
C:\Users\Public\Documents\Rohde-Schwarz\ZNL\user\user\
AUTOLOGIN.REG file in any text editor (e.g. Notepad).
3. In the line "DefaultPassword"="894129", replace the default password
(894129) by the new password for automatic login.
4. Save the changes to the file.
Preparing for use
Logging on
5. In the Windows "Start" menu, select "Run".
The "Run" dialog box is displayed.
6. Enter the command
C:\Users\Public\Documents\Rohde-Schwarz\ZNL\user\user\
AUTOLOGIN.REG.
7. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm.
The auto-login function is reactivated with the changed password. It will be
applied the next time the instrument is switched on.
Switching users when using the auto-login function
Which user account is used is defined during login. If auto-login is active, the
login window is not displayed. However, you can switch the user account to be
used even when the auto-login function is active.
1. Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar to access the operating system of the
R&S ZNL (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 28).
2. Press [CTRL] + [ALT] + [DEL], then select "Sign out".
The "Login" dialog box is displayed, in which you can enter the different user
account name and password.
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R&S®ZNL
Considerations for test setup
For information on deactivating and reactivating the auto-login function, see the
R&S ZNL user manual.
Preparing for use
3.12 Checking the supplied options
The instrument can be equipped with both hardware and firmware options. To
check whether the installed options correspond to the options indicated on the
delivery note, proceed as follows.
1. Press the [SETUP] key.
2. Press the "System Config" softkey.
3. Switch to the "Versions + Options" tab in the "System Configuration" dialog
box.
A list with hardware and firmware information is displayed.
4. Check the availability of the hardware options as indicated in the delivery
note.
3.13 Considerations for test setup
Cable selection and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress electromagnetic radiation during operation:
●
Use high-quality shielded cables, for example, double-shielded RF and LAN
cables.
●
Always terminate open cable ends.
●
Ensure that connected external devices comply with EMC regulations.
Preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when you connect or disconnect a
DUT.
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R&S®ZNL
Considerations for test setup
► NOTICE! Risk of electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge can damage
the electronic components of the product and the device under test (DUT).
Ground yourself to prevent electrostatic discharge damage:
a) Use a wrist strap and cord to connect yourself to ground.
b) Use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
Instrument damage caused by electrostatic discharge
If you are working in an environment where strong ESD discharges are possible, for additional protection Rohde & Schwarz recommends using broadband limiters R&S ZN‑B13 (stock number 1303.7840.02) at each port of
your R&S ZNL3|4|6.
Signal input and output levels
Preparing for use
Information on signal levels is provided in the data sheet and on the instrument,
next to the connector. Keep the signal levels within the specified ranges to avoid
damage to the R&S ZNL and connected devices.
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R&S®ZNL
Instrument tour
Front panel view
4 Instrument tour
4.1 Front panel view
This chapter describes the front panel, including all function keys and connectors.
5
3
2
1
Figure 4-1: Front panel view
1 = Power key
2 = USB (2.0) connectors
3 = System keys
4 = Touchscreen
5 = Function keys
6 = Keypad
7 = Navigation controls
8 = Port 1
9 = Port 2 / RF input 50 Ω connector
4
8 9
6 7
4.1.1 Touchscreen
All measurement results are displayed on the screen on the front panel. Additionally, the screen display provides status and setting information and allows you to
switch between various measurement tasks. The screen is touch-sensitive, offering an alternative means of user interaction for quick and easy handling of the
instrument.
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R&S®ZNL
Instrument tour
Front panel view
21
4
6 7
8
3
5
Figure 4-2: Touchscreen elements
1 = Toolbar with standard application functions, e.g. print, save/open file etc.
2 = Tabs for individual channel setups
3 = Softtool panel (a.k.a. softkey bar)
4 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
5 = Measurement results (diagram) area
6 = Channel list
7 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information
8 = Instrument status bar for error messages and date/time display
Any user interface elements that react to a click by a mouse pointer also react to
a tap on the screen, and vice versa. Using touchscreen gestures, you can perform the following tasks (among others).
(See Chapter 5, "Trying out the instrument", on page 49)
●
Changing a setting
●
Changing the display
●
Changing the displayed result range in a diagram
●
Moving a marker
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R&S®ZNL
●
Zooming into a diagram
●
Selecting a new evaluation method
●
Scrolling through a result list or table
●
Saving or printing results and settings
To imitate a right-click by mouse using the touchscreen, for example to open a
context-sensitive menu for a specific item, press the screen for about 1 second.
For details on touchscreen gestures, see Chapter 6.4, "Touchscreen gestures",
on page 85.
Instrument tour
Front panel view
4.1.2 Power key
The [Power] key is located on the lower left corner of the front panel. It starts up
and shuts down the instrument.
See also "Connecting to power" on page 7 and Chapter 3.5, "Connecting to
power", on page 18.
4.1.3 USB
The front panel provides two female USB connectors (USB-A, 2.0 standard) to
connect devices like a keyboard or a mouse. A memory stick can be connected to
store and reload instrument settings and measurement data.
The rear panel provides further USB connectors (standard 3.0), see Chap-
ter 4.2.11, "USB", on page 47.
4.1.4 System keys
System keys set the instrument to a predefined state, change basic settings, and
provide print and display functions.
A detailed description of the corresponding functions is provided in the R&S ZNL
user manual.
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R&S®ZNL
Table 4-1: System keys
System key Assigned functions
[Preset] Resets the instrument to the default state.
Instrument tour
Front panel view
[Setup]
[Mode] Manages channel setups
[Print] Provides configuration settings for the print function
[FILE] Provides save/recall functions for instrument settings and mea-
Provides basic instrument configuration functions, e.g.:
●
Reference frequency (external/internal)
●
Date, time, display configuration
●
LAN interface
●
Firmware update and enabling of options
●
Information about instrument configuration incl. firmware version and system error messages
●
Service support functions (self-test etc.)
●
Self-alignment (with spectrum analysis option)
surement results
Switches between the on-screen keyboard display:
●
At the top of the screen
●
At the bottom of the screen
●
Off
4.1.5 Function keys
Function keys provide access to the most common measurement settings and
functions.
A detailed description of the corresponding functions is provided in the R&S ZNL
user manual.
The labels indicated in italics (blue font color on the instrument) apply to the
optional Spectrum mode only.
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R&S®ZNL
Table 4-2: Function keys
Function key Assigned functions
Instrument tour
Front panel view
[Freq] Defines the sweep range. Sets the center frequency and the
[Span] Sets the frequency span to be ana-
[Scale]
[Ampt]
[Mkr] Defines and positions absolute and relative measurement markers (markers
[Mkr->] Used for search functions of the measurement markers (maximum/minimum
VNA mode SA mode
start and stop frequencies for the
frequency range under consideration. This key is also used to set the
frequency offset and the signal track
function.
lyzed
Defines the scaling and zooming of
diagrams.
and delta markers).
Selects special marker functions
of the trace).
Assigns the marker frequency to the center frequency, and the marker level
to the reference level.
Restricts the search area (Search Limits) and characterizes the maximum
points and minimum points (Peak Excursion).
Sets the reference level, the displayed dynamic range, the RF
attenuation and the unit for the level
display
Sets the level offset and the input
impedance
[Bw Avg Power] Defines the power of the internal sig-
nal sources, selects the (optional)
receiver step attenuators and the IF
bandwidths, and sets up averaging.
[Sweep] Defines the sweep type and other
sweep parameters; controls sweep
execution.
[Trace] Configures the graphical analysis of measurement results.
[Trig] Defines how measurement sweeps
are triggered.
[Offset Embed] Contains functions for deembedding/
embedding the DUT from/into physical/virtual (matching) networks placed
between the calibrated reference
plane and the DUT.
Sets the resolution bandwidth and
the video bandwidth.
Sets the sweep time and the number
of measurement points
Selects continuous measurement or
single measurement
Sets the trigger mode, the trigger
threshold, the trigger delay, and the
gate configuration for gated sweep
Performs a peak search for active
marker. If no marker is active, normal marker 1 is activated and the
peak search is performed for it.
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R&S®ZNL
Function key Assigned functions
Instrument tour
Front panel view
[Meas] Selects the quantities to be measured and displayed.
[Format]
[Config]
[Display Lines] Configures display lines and limit lines.
[Cal]
[Single]
[Channel]
[Cont]
VNA mode SA mode
Selects the trace format (dB magnitude, Smith, etc.).
Provides all functions related to system error calibration.
Creates and deletes channel setups
and optimize the measurement process.
Configure measurements and data
input and output
Starts and stops a single new measurement (Single Sweep Mode)
Starts and stops a continuous measurement (Continuous Sweep Mode)
4.1.6 Keypad
The keypad is used to enter numeric parameters, including the corresponding
units. It contains the following keys:
Table 4-3: Keys on the keypad
Type of key Description
Decimal point Inserts a decimal point "." at the cursor position.
Sign key Changes the sign of a numeric parameter. For alphanumeric
parameters, inserts a "-" at the cursor position.
Unit keys
(G/n, M/μ, k/m, x1)
[ESC] Closes all kinds of dialog boxes, if the edit mode is not active.
Adds the selected unit to the entered numeric value and complete the entry.
For level entries (e.g. in dB) or dimensionless values, all units
have the value "1" as multiplying factor. Thus, they have the
same function as an [ENTER] key.
Quits the edit mode, if the edit mode is active. In dialog boxes
that contain a "Cancel" button it activates that button.
For "Edit" dialog boxes the following mechanism is used:
●
If data entry has been started, it retains the original value
and closes the dialog box.
●
If data entry has not been started or has been completed, it
closes the dialog box.
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R&S®ZNL
Type of key Description
If an alphanumeric entry has already been started, this key deletes the character to the left of the cursor.
(BACKSPACE)
Instrument tour
Front panel view
[ENTER]
●
Concludes the entry of dimensionless entries. The new value
is accepted.
●
With other entries, this key can be used instead of the
"Hz/dB" unit key.
●
In a dialog box, selects the default or focused element.
4.1.7 Navigation controls
The navigation controls include a rotary knob and navigation keys. They allow
you to navigate within the display or within dialog boxes.
Navigating in tables
The easiest way to navigate within tables (both in result tables and configuration tables) is to scroll through the entries with your finger on the touchscreen.
4.1.7.1 Rotary knob
The rotary knob has several functions:
●
For numeric entries: increments (clockwise direction) or decrements (counterclockwise direction) the instrument parameter at a defined step width
●
In lists: toggles between entries
●
For markers, limit lines, and other graphical elements on the screen: moves
their position
●
For active scroll bars: moves the scroll bar vertically
●
For dialog boxes: Same effect as the Enter key when pressed
4.1.7.2 Navigation keys
The navigation keys can be used alternatively to the rotary knob to navigate
through dialog boxes, diagrams or tables.
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R&S®ZNL
Arrow Up/Arrow Down Keys
The <arrow up> or <arrow down> keys do the following:
●
For numeric entries: increments (Arrow Up) or decrements (Arrow Down) the
instrument parameter at a defined step width
●
In a list: scrolls forward and backward through the list entries
●
In a table: moves the selection bar vertically
●
In windows or dialog boxes with a vertical scroll bar: moves the scroll bar
Arrow Left/Arrow Right Keys
The <arrow left> or <arrow right> keys do the following:
●
In an alphanumeric edit dialog box, move the cursor.
●
In a list, scroll forward and backward through the list entries.
●
In a table, move the selection bar horizontally.
Instrument tour
Front panel view
●
In windows or dialog boxes with horizontal scroll bar, move the scroll bar.
4.1.8 Port 1 and port 2
Numbered RF connectors
●
3.5 mm (m) for R&S ZNL20
●
N (f) for other models
The test ports serve as outputs for the RF stimulus signal and as inputs for the
measured RF signals from the DUT (response signals).
●
With a single test port, it is possible to generate a stimulus signal and measure the response signal in reflection. For a measurement example, refer to
Chapter 5.1.2, "Reflection S-parameter measurement", on page 57.
●
With 2 test ports, it is possible to perform full two-port measurements; see
Chapter 5.1.1, "Transmission S-parameter measurement", on page 50.
40Getting Started 1323.2867.02 ─ 16
R&S®ZNL
Maximum input levels
The maximum input levels at all test ports according to the front panel labeling or the data sheet must not be exceeded.
In addition, the maximum input voltages of the other input connectors at the
rear panel must not be exceeded.
It is recommended that you use a torque wrench when screwing RF cables
on the test port connectors.
In Spectrum mode or any other application, Port 2 is used as RF INPUT
50 ohm.
Instrument tour
Rear panel view
4.1.9 RF INPUT 50 ohm
Provides RF input from a connected device under test (DUT) to the R&S ZNL,
which is then analyzed in an RF measurement. Connect the DUT to the "RF
Input" on the R&S ZNL via a cable equipped with an appropriate connector. Do
not overload the input. For maximum allowed values, see the data sheet.
See also Chapter 3.13, "Considerations for test setup", on page 31.
4.2 Rear panel view
This figure shows the rear panel view of the R&S ZNL. The individual elements
are described in more detail in the subsequent sections.
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R&S®ZNL
Instrument tour
Rear panel view
21
16
3
4
10
9
Figure 4-3: Rear panel view R&S ZNL
1+2 = Removable, rechargeable Li-ion batteries
3 = DC power supply
4 = AC power supply connection and main power switch with fuse
5 = GPIB (IEC 625) interface
6 = Reference clock connectors
7 = Trigger input connector
8 = "DVI" connector for external display
9 = "LAN" connector
10 = "USB" (3.0) connectors
11 = NRP power sensor connector *)
12 = Headphones connector *)
13 = Aux. Port serving as VNA user port or SA auxiliary port *)
14 = "IF/VIDEO OUT" connector *)
15 = NOISE SOURCE CONTROL *)
11
12
5
6
138
14 15
7
*) requires the "Additional Interfaces" option R&S FPL1-B5.
The meanings of the labels on the R&S ZNL are described in Chapter 1.2,
"Labels on R&S ZNL", on page 9.
4.2.1 AC power supply connection and main power switch
An AC power supply connector and main power switch are located in a unit on
the rear panel of the instrument.
Main power switch function:
42Getting Started 1323.2867.02 ─ 16
R&S®ZNL
Instrument tour
Rear panel view
Position 1: The instrument is in operation.
Position O: The entire instrument is disconnected from the AC power supply.
For details, refer to "Connecting to power" on page 7 and Chapter 3.5, "Connect-
ing to power", on page 18.
4.2.2 Li-Ion battery packs and DC power connector
With the Li-ion battery pack (option R&S FPL1-B31), the R&S ZNL can be operated independently of an AC or DC power supply. The instrument can house 2 Liion batteries which can be charged both via AC or DC power supply.
For safety information concerning batteries, see "Handling batteries safely"
on page 7.
As an alternative, a DC power supply connector (option R&S FPL1-B30) is available. DC power supplies from +12 V to +24 V and from 13 A to 6.5 A can be used.
Connect the connector according to the following diagram:
1 2
3
Pin Description
1 Plus
2 Ground
3 Not used
If you use an external power supply unit to supply safety extra-low DC voltage
(SELV) to the instrument, be sure to meet the requirements for reinforced/double
insulation in accordance with DIN/EN/IEC 61010 (UL 3111, CSA C22.2 No.
1010.1) or DIN/EN/IEC 60950 (UL 1950, CSA C22.2 No. 950). Provide current
limitation in accordance with DIN EN 61010-1 Appendix F2.1.
Also see "Connecting to power" on page 7.
4.2.3 GPIB interface
The optional GPIB interface (R&S FPL1-B10) is in compliance with IEEE488 and
SCPI. A computer for remote control can be connected via this interface. To set
up the connection, a shielded cable is recommended.
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Instrument tour
Rear panel view
4.2.4 Ref. In / Ref. Out
The Ref. In connectors are used to provide an external reference signal to the
R&S ZNL.
The Ref. Out connectors can be used to provide a reference signal from the
R&S ZNL to other devices that are connected to this instrument.
Various connectors are provided for different reference signals:
Connector Reference signal Usage
Ref. In 10 MHz
10 dBm
Ref. Out 10 MHz
10 dBm
To provide an external reference signal on the
R&S ZNL.
To provide the internal reference signal from the
R&S ZNL to another device continuously.
For the R&S ZNL, this is also used to provide the
optional OCXO reference signal to another
device.
4.2.5 Trigger In
Use the female Trigger In connector to input an external trigger or gate data.
Thus, you can control the measurement using an external signal. The voltage
level is 1.4 V. The typical input impedance is 10 kΩ.
4.2.6 Noise Source Control
The Noise Source Control female connector is used to provide the supply voltage
for an external noise source. For example, use it to measure the noise figure and
gain of amplifiers and frequency converting devices.
●
This connector is provided by the "Additional Interfaces" option
R&S FPL1-B5.
●
The Noise Source Control interface is only functional in Spectrum mode
(option R&S ZNLxx-B1)
Conventional noise sources require a voltage of +28 V to be switched on and 0 V
to be switched off. The output supports a maximum load of 100 mA.
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Instrument tour
Rear panel view
4.2.7 IF/Video Output
The female BNC connector can be used for various outputs in the Spectrum
application:
●
Intermediate frequency (IF) output of approximately 20 MHz
●
Video output (1V)
Which output is provided is defined in the software ("Overview" > "Output" ).
●
This connector is provided by the "Additional Interfaces" option
R&S FPL1-B5.
●
The IF/Video Output interface is only functional in Spectrum mode
(option R&S ZNLxx-B1)
●
Interruptions in analog output can occur if you switch between a VNA
and a spectrum application, due to the separate hardware. In particular,
if you run a sequence of measurements including both measurement
types, switching between both modes can interrupt the signal from the
output connector.
For details, see the R&S ZNL Spectrum Mode user manual.
4.2.8 Aux. Port
A 25-pole D-Sub connector used as an input and output for low-voltage TTL control signals. Can either be used as VNA user port (max. 3.3 V) or SA Aux. Port
(max. 5 V). In the firmware GUI, this can be set via [Setup] > "System Config" >
"Add Interfaces" > "Port Configuration".
13
25
This connector is provided by the "Additional Interfaces" option R&S FPL1B5.
1
14
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Short-circuit hazard
Always observe the designated pin assignment. A short-circuit can damage
the port.
Instrument tour
Rear panel view
4.2.9 Headphones connector
The Spectrum mode provides demodulators for AM, FM and PM signals, which
can be routed to the headphone connector. With headphones or an external loudspeaker connected to the 3.5 mm headphone socket, the displayed signal can be
identified acoustically.
●
This connector is provided by the "Additional Interfaces" option
R&S FPL1-B5.
●
The headphones connector is only functional in Spectrum mode (option
R&S ZNLxx-B1).
It can not be used to output sounds that are generated via Windows
audio APIs. To hear those sounds, connect a USB audio device to the
instrument or operate it via remote desktop.
●
Interruptions in analog output can occur if you switch between a VNA
and a spectrum application, due to the separate hardware. In particular,
if you run a sequence of measurements including both measurement
types, switching between both modes can interrupt the signal from the
output connector.
Note the safety information provided in "Connecting headphones" on page 8.
For details, see the R&S ZNL Spectrum mode user manual.
4.2.10 Sensor connector
The LEMOSA female connector is used to connect power sensors of the
R&S NRP-Zxy family. For a detailed list of supported sensors, see the data sheet.
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This connector is provided by the "Additional Interfaces" option R&S FPL1B5.
Instrument tour
Rear panel view
4.2.11 USB
The rear panel provides two additional female USB (3.0 standard) connectors to
connect devices like a keyboard, a mouse or a memory stick (see also Chap-
ter 4.2.11, "USB", on page 47).
4.2.12 LAN
The R&S ZNL is equipped with a 1 GBit Ethernet IEEE 802.3u network interface
with Auto-MDI(X) functionality. The assignment of the RJ-45 connector supports
twisted-pair category 5 UTP/STP cables in a star configuration (UTP stands for
unshielded twisted pair, and STP for shielded twisted pair).
For details, see the R&S ZNL user manual.
4.2.13 DVI
You can connect an external monitor or other display device to the R&S ZNL via
the DVI (Digital visual interface) connector to provide an enlarged display.
For details, see Chapter 3.13, "Considerations for test setup", on page 31.
4.2.14 Device ID
The unique device identifier is provided as a barcode sticker on the rear panel of
the R&S ZNL.
It consists of the device order number and a serial number.
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The serial number is used to define the default instrument name, which is:
<Type><variant>-<serial_number>
For example, ZNL3-123456.
The instrument name is required to establish a connection to the instrument
in a LAN.
Instrument tour
Rear panel view
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Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
5 Trying out the instrument
This chapter introduces the most important functions and settings of the R&S ZNL
step by step. The complete description of the functionality and its usage is given
in the R&S ZNL User Manual. Basic instrument operation is described in Chap-
ter 6, "Operating the instrument", on page 76.
Prerequisites
●
The instrument is set up, connected to the mains system, and started up as
described in Chapter 3, "Preparing for use", on page 14.
● Performing measurements..............................................................................49
● Zooming into the display................................................................................. 59
● Saving settings................................................................................................60
● Printing and saving results.............................................................................. 62
● Activating additional channel setups............................................................... 63
● Trying out spectrum mode...............................................................................66
● Performing sequential measurements............................................................ 74
5.1 Performing measurements
This chapter takes you through a sample session with a R&S ZNL network analyzer and describes basic operation tasks.
Prerequisite
The instrument is set up, connected to the mains system, and started up as
described in Chapter 3, "Preparing for use", on page 14.
Use the "S-Parameter Wizard" accessible via [Meas] > "S-Params" > "SParam Wizard..." to measure S-parameters in a straightforward way. The
wizard provides a series of dialogs where you can select the test setup,
screen configuration and measurement parameters, configure the essential
channel settings and perform a guided calibration.
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Measurement stages in the wizard
The individual dialogs of the "S-Parameter Wizard" correspond to the typical
stages of any measurement:
1. Select the test setup.
2. Define port impedances.
3. Select the measurement parameters and the diagrams.
4. Define the sweep range.
5. Adjust the receiver and source settings (measurement bandwidth, source
power).
6. Perform a calibration.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
5.1.1 Transmission S-parameter measurement
In a transmission measurement, the analyzer transmits a stimulus signal to the
input port of the device under test (DUT) and measures the transmitted wave at
the DUT's output port. The trace settings allow you to select the measured quantities and display formats, depending on what you want to learn from the data. A
minimum of two analyzer test ports are required for transmission measurements.
In the following example, the analyzer is set up for a two-port transmission measurement. A frequency sweep range is selected, the instrument is calibrated and
the measurement result is analyzed using various display formats.
5.1.1.1 Connecting the instrument for transmission measurements
To prepare a transmission measurement, you have to connect your DUT (which
for simplicity we assume to have appropriate connectors) in-between a pair of
analyzer test ports. It is recommended that you preset the R&S ZNL to start from
a well-defined instrument state.
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1. Connect the DUT between test ports 1 and 2 of the network analyzer as
shown above.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
2. Use the [Preset] key to restore a well-defined instrument state.
The analyzer is now set to its default state. The default measured quantity is
the transmission S-parameter S21.
Select [Trace] and use the control elements in the "Traces" softtool tab if
you wish to create additional traces and diagrams.
5.1.1.2 Selecting the sweep range and other parameters
After a system preset the display shows a diagram with a dB magnitude scale,
and the S-parameter S21 is selected as a measured quantity. This S-parameter is
the forward transmission coefficient of the DUT. It is defined as the ratio of the
transmitted wave at the DUT's output port (port no. 2) to the incident wave at the
DUT's input port (port no. 1).
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The R&S ZNL automatically adjusts its internal source and receiver to the
selected measured quantities: For an S21 measurement, a stimulus signal
(termed a1) is transmitted at the analyzer port no. 1; the transmitted wave (termed
b2) is measured at port 2. The stimulus signal from the analyzer port no. 2 is not
needed except for some calibration types.
By default the sweep range is set to the frequency range of the analyzer, which
can be unsuitable for your DUT. The following procedure shows you how to configure a smaller sweep range.
1. Select [Freq] and set the "Start Frequency" to the lowest frequency you want
to measure (e.g. 1.77 GHz). For convenient data entry, double-tap/click the
input field to open the "Numeric Editor".
Tip: If you use the keypad at the front panel for data entry, type [1][.][7][7] and
terminate the entry with the [G/n] key.
Refer to Chapter 6.3, "Entering data", on page 83 to learn more about entering numeric values and characters.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
2. In the "Stop Frequency" input field, enter the highest frequency you want to
measure (e.g. 2.5 GHz).
3. Select [Scale] > "Scale Values" and activate the "Auto Scale Trace" function.
The analyzer adjusts the scale of the diagram to fit in the entire S21 trace,
leaving an appropriate display margin.
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5.1.1.3 Calibrating the instrument
Calibration (system error correction) is the process of eliminating systematic,
reproducible errors from the measurement results. E.g., in the current test setup,
the connecting cables between the analyzer ports and the DUT introduce an
attenuation and a phase shift of the waves. Both effects impair the accuracy of
the S-parameter measurement.
The analyzer provides a wide range of sophisticated calibration methods for all
types of measurements. The calibration method to select depends on the expected system errors, the accuracy requirements of the measurement, on the test
setup and on the types of calibration standards available.
The following example requires a calibration kit with a male Through standard
with known transmission characteristics for the related test port connector type
and gender. With a single Through, it is possible to perform a transmission normalization, compensating for a frequency-dependent attenuation and phase shift
in the signal paths.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
Due to the R&S ZNL's calibration wizard, calibration is a straightforward, guided
process.
1. Replace the DUT by the Through standard of your calibration kit. Make sure to
disconnect all calibration units.
2. Select [Cal] > "Start... (Manual)" to open the "Calibration Setting" wizard.
3. Select the port combination Port 1 (P1) and Port 2 (P2) and the calibration
type "Trans Norm". Make sure to define port 1 as the source port.
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Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
4. Select "Next" to proceed to the next page of the "Calibration Setting" wizard.
5. Select the test port connector type and gender (here: N 50 Ω, female, corresponding to a male Through standard), and the calibration kit (here: R&S ZVZ121).
6. Tap"Start".
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7. The calibration dock widget indicates the standard measurements that make
up a "Trans Norm" calibration.
Select "Through (mm)" to initiate the measurement of the connected Through
standard. Measuring the isolation between ports 1 and 2 is optional. Skip it for
now.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
The analyzer performs a calibration sweep for the measured quantity S21. The
magnitude and phase of the result is displayed in two diagrams, together with
the expected typical result for a Through standard. The similarity of real and
expected traces indicates that the Through standard has been properly connected. After the R&S ZNL has completed the calibration sweep and calculated the correction data, the "Apply" button is enabled.
8. Select "Apply" to close the wizard.
The system error correction is calculated and applied to the current channel. A
"Cal" label appears in the trace list.
To proceed with the measurement, remove the Through standard and connect the
DUT again.
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5.1.1.4 Evaluating data
The analyzer provides various tools to optimize the display and analyze the measurement data. For instance, you can use markers to determine maxima and minima on the trace, and change the display format to obtain information about the
group delay of the transmitted wave.
1. Select [Mkr] > [Mkr] > "Mkr 1".
This places marker "M1" to its default position (center of the sweep range). A
marker symbol (triangle) appears on the trace, a marker info field in the upper
right corner of the diagram. The marker info field displays the stimulus value
(frequency) and response value (magnitude of the transmission coefficient
converted to a dB value) at the marker position.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
2. Open the [Mkr->] > "Peak" softtool tab and activate "Min" search.
The marker jumps to the absolute minimum of the curve in the entire sweep
range. The marker info field shows the coordinates of the new marker position.
3. Select [Format] and choose the "Delay" of the transmission coefficient as displayed quantity.
The group delay represents the propagation time of the wave through the
DUT; it is displayed in a Cartesian diagram. The marker info field shows the
frequency and group delay at the marker position.
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Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
Refer to the information on trace formats in the help system or in the user
manual to learn more about the diagram properties.
5.1.2 Reflection S-parameter measurement
In a reflection measurement, the analyzer transmits a stimulus signal to the input
port of the device under test (DUT) and measures the reflected wave. Different
trace formats allow you to express and display the results, depending on what
you want to learn from the data. Only one analyzer test port is required for reflection measurements.
In principle, a reflection measurement involves the same steps as a transmission
measurement. Note the following differences:
●
The basic test setup for reflection measurements involves a single DUT and
analyzer port. For instance, you can connect the input of your DUT to port 1 of
the analyzer as shown below.
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You can also use the basic transmission test setup, e.g. if you want to measure reflection and transmission parameters in parallel.
Trying out the instrument
Performing measurements
●
The analyzer provides special calibration types for reflection measurements.
Use the calibration wizard and select an appropriate type.
The full 2-port calibration TOSM corrects the system errors for all transmission
and reflection S-parameters.
●
Some of the trace formats are particularly suited for reflection measurements.
For instance, you can display the measured reflection coefficient S11 in a
Smith chart to obtain the complex input impedance at port 1.
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Trying out the instrument
Zooming into the display
5.2 Zooming into the display
To analyze the areas around the peak levels in more detail, we will zoom into a
peak.
1. Tap the "Multiple Zoom" icon in the toolbar.
The icon is highlighted to indicate that zoom mode is active.
2. Tap the diagram near the peak and drag your finger to the opposite corner of
the zoom area. A white rectangle is displayed from the point where you tapped to the current position.
Figure 5-1: Defining the zoom area
When you remove your finger, the zoom area is enlarged in a second
(sub-)window.
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Trying out the instrument
Saving settings
Figure 5-2: Zoomed display around a peak
5.3 Saving settings
To restore the results of our measurements later, we will store the instrument settings to a file.
To save the instrument settings to a file
1. Tap the "Save" icon in the toolbar.
2. Press the keyboard key on the front panel to display the online keyboard, as
you will have to enter text in the next step.
3. In the "Save" dialog box, tap the "File name" field and enter MyMultiView-
Setup using the keyboard.
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Trying out the instrument
Saving settings
Keep the default "File Type" setting "Instrument with all Channel Setups" to
store the configuration of all channel setups.
Figure 5-3: Saving the instrument settings to a file
4. Tap the "Save" button.
The file MyMultiViewSetup.dfl is stored in the default directory
C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\ZNL-FPL\Save.
To load stored instrument settings
You can restore the settings to the instrument at any time using the settings file.
1. Press the [Preset] button to restore the default instrument settings so you can
check that the stored user settings are actually restored afterwards.
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2. Tap the "Load" icon in the toolbar.
3. In the "Load" dialog box, select the MyMultiViewSetup.dfl file in the
default directory C:\ProgramData\Rohde-Schwarz\ZNL-FPL\Save.
4. Tap the "Load" button.
All instrument settings are restored and the display should resemble the
instrument display right before the settings were stored.
Trying out the instrument
Printing and saving results
5.4 Printing and saving results
Finally, after a successful measurement, we will document our results. First we
will export the numeric trace data, then we will create a screenshot of the graphical display.
To export the trace data
1. Press the [Trace] key on the front panel.
2. Tap the Trace softkey.
3. Tap the "Trace / Data Export" tab.
4. Tap the "Export Trace to ASCII File" button.
5. Enter the file name MyMultiViewResults.
The trace data is stored to MyMultiViewResults.DAT
To create a screenshot of the display
1. Tap the "Print immediately" icon in the toolbar.
A screenshot of the current display is created. Note that the colors on the
screen are inverted in the screenshot to improve printout results.
2. In the "Save Hardcopy as " > "Portable Network Graphics (PNG)" dialog box,
enter a file name, e.g. MyMultiViewDisplay.
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Activating additional channel setups
The screenshot is stored to MyMultiViewDisplay.png.
Trying out the instrument
5.5 Activating additional channel setups
The R&S ZNL features multiple channel setups, i.e. you can define several measurement configurations in parallel and then switch between the channel setups
automatically to perform the measurements sequentially. We will demonstrate this
feature by activating additional channel setups for a different frequency range, a
Spectrum measurement, and an I/Q analysis (note that the latter two measurements are only available if the optional Spectrum mode is installed).
To activate additional channel setups
1. Press the [Mode] key on the front panel.
2. On the "New Channel Setup" tab of the "Mode" dialog box, tap the "VNA" button.
3. Change the frequency range for this measurement:
Set the center frequency to 500 MHz and the span to 1 GHz.
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Trying out the instrument
Activating additional channel setups
4. Press the [Mode] key on the front panel.
5. On the "New Channel Setup" tab of the "Mode" dialog box, tap the "Spectrum"
button.
Figure 5-4: Adding a new channel setup
6. Create a new channel setup for I/Q analysis:
a) Press the [Mode] key.
b) Tap the "IQ Analyzer" button to activate a channel setup for the I/Q Ana-
lyzer application.
c) Tap the "Display Config" softkey to activate the SmartGrid mode.
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Activating additional channel setups
d) Drag the "Real/Imag (I/Q)" icon from the evaluation bar to the SmartGrid.
Figure 5-5: Inserting a Real/Imag diagram for I/Q analysis
e) Close the SmartGrid mode.
The "IQ Analyzer" channel setup displays the real and imaginary signal parts
in separate windows.
To display the MultiView tab
An overview of all active channel setups is provided in the "MultiView" tab. This
tab is always displayed if more than one channel setup is active and cannot be
closed.
► Tap the "MultiView" tab.
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Trying out the instrument
Trying out spectrum mode
Figure 5-6: The "MultiView" tab
5.6 Trying out spectrum mode
If the spectrum analysis option R&S ZNLxx-B1 is installed, you can use the instrument for Spectrum measurements. The following chapters describe some basic
tasks in spectrum mode.
For instruments R&S ZNL14 and R&S ZNL20 with serial numbers below
101200, the B1 option and other dependent options are not available.
● Measuring a basic signal.................................................................................67
● Displaying a spectrogram................................................................................69
● Setting and moving a marker.......................................................................... 71
● Displaying a marker peak list.......................................................................... 73
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Trying out the instrument
Trying out spectrum mode
5.6.1 Measuring a basic signal
We will start out by measuring a simple sinus wave, using the internal calibration
signal as the input.
To display the internal 50 MHz calibration signal
1. Press the [Preset] key to start out in a defined instrument configuration.
2. Press
3. Press the [Setup] key.
4. Tap the "Service + Support" softkey.
5. Tap the "Calibration Signal" tab.
6. Tap the "Calibration Frequency RF" option. Leave the frequency at the default
50 MHz.
7. Close the dialog box.
The calibration signal is now sent to the RF input of the R&S ZNL. By default,
a continuous frequency sweep is performed, so that the spectrum of the calibration signal is now displayed in the standard level versus frequency diagram.
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Trying out the instrument
Trying out spectrum mode
Figure 5-7: Calibration signal as RF input
Instrument warmup time
Note that the instrument requires an initial warmup time after switching it on.
A message in the status bar ("Instrument warming up...") indicates that the
operating temperature has not yet been reached. Wait until this message is
no longer displayed before you start a measurement.
To optimize the display
To optimize the display for the calibration signal, we will adjust the main measurement settings.
1. Set the center frequency to the calibration frequency:
a) Tap the "Overview" softkey to display the configuration "Overview".
b) Tap the "Frequency" button.
c) In the "Center" field, enter 50 on the number pad on the front panel.
d) Press the "MHz" key next to the number pad.
2. Reduce the span to 20 MHz:
a) In the "Span" field of the "Frequency" dialog box, enter 20 MHz.
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b) Close the "Frequency" dialog box.
3. Set the reference level to -25 dBm:
a) In the configuration "Overview", tap the "Amplitude" button.
b) In the "Value" field of the "Amplitude" dialog box, enter -25
The display of the calibration signal is now improved. The maximum at the
center frequency (=calibration frequency) of 50 MHz becomes visible.
Trying out the instrument
Trying out spectrum mode
dBm.
Figure 5-8: Calibration signal with optimized display settings
5.6.2 Displaying a spectrogram
In addition to the standard "level versus frequency" spectrum display, the
R&S ZNL also provides a spectrogram display of the measured data. A spectrogram shows how the spectral density of a signal varies over time. The x-axis
shows the frequency, the y-axis shows the time. A third dimension, the power
level, is indicated by different colors. Thus you can see how the strength of the
signal varies over time for different frequencies.
1. Tap the "Overview" softkey to display the general configuration dialog box.
2. Tap the "Display Config" button.
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Trying out the instrument
Trying out spectrum mode
The SmartGrid mode is activated, and the evaluation bar with the available
evaluation methods is displayed.
3.
Drag the "Spectrogram" icon from the evaluation bar to the diagram area. The
blue area indicates that the new diagram would replace the previous spectrum
display. Since we do not want to replace the spectrum, drag the icon to the
lower half of the display to add a window instead.
Figure 5-9: Adding a Spectrogram to the display
Drop the icon.
4. Close the SmartGrid mode by tapping the "Close" icon at the top right corner
of the toolbar.
You see the spectrogram compared to the standard spectrum display. Since
the calibration signal does not change over time, the color of the frequency
levels does not change over time, i.e. vertically. The legend at the top of the
spectrogram window describes the power levels the colors represent.
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Trying out the instrument
Trying out spectrum mode
Figure 5-10: Spectrogram of the calibration signal
5.6.3 Setting and moving a marker
Markers are useful to determine the position of particular effects in the trace. The
most common use is to determine a peak, which is the default setting when you
activate a marker. We will set a marker on the peak in our first Spectrum measurement.
1. In the "MultiView" tab, double-tap the "Spectrum" window (frequency sweep
with spectrogram display) to return to the "Spectrum" channel setup.
2. Tap the spectrum display to set the focus on that window.
3. Double-tap the spectrum window to maximize it, as we currently do not need
the spectrogram display.
4. Press the "RUN SINGLE" key on the front panel to perform a single sweep so
we have a fixed trace to set a marker on.
5. Press the [MKR] key on the front panel to display the "Marker" menu.
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Marker 1 is activated and automatically set to the maximum of trace 1. The
marker position and value is indicated in the diagram area as M1[1].
Trying out the instrument
Trying out spectrum mode
6. Now you can move the marker by tapping and dragging it to a different position. The current position is indicated by a dotted blue line. Notice how the
position and value change in the marker area of the diagram.
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Trying out the instrument
Trying out spectrum mode
5.6.4 Displaying a marker peak list
The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum automatically. We will display a marker peak list for the Spectrum 2 channel
setup.
1. Tap the "Spectrum 2" tab.
2. Press the "RUN SINGLE" key on the front panel to perform a single sweep for
which we will determine the peaks.
3. Tap the "SmartGrid" icon in the toolbar to activate SmartGrid mode.
4. Drag the "Marker Peak List" icon from the evaluation bar to the lower half of
the display to add a new window for the peak list.
5. Close the SmartGrid mode.
6. To obtain a more conclusive peak list that does not contain noise peaks, for
example, define a threshold that is higher than the noise floor:
a) Press the [MKR] key on the front panel.
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Performing sequential measurements
b) Tap the "Marker Config" softkey in the "Marker" menu.
c) Tap the "Search" tab in the "Marker" dialog box.
d) In the "Threshold" field, enter -68 dBm.
e) Tap the "State" box for "Threshold" to activate its use.
Only peaks that are larger than -68 dBm will be included in the peak list.
The marker peak list displays the determined peaks that are above the
defined threshold.
Trying out the instrument
Figure 5-11: Marker Peak List
5.7 Performing sequential measurements
Although only one measurement can be performed at any one time, the measurements configured in the active channel setups can be performed sequentially, that
means: one after the other, automatically, either once or continuously.
1. Tap the "Sequencer" icon in the toolbar.
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R&S®ZNL
Trying out the instrument
Performing sequential measurements
2. Toggle the "Sequencer" softkey in the "Sequencer" menu to "On".
A continuous sequence is started, i.e. each channel setup measurement is
performed one after the other until the Sequencer is stopped.
Figure 5-12: "MultiView" tab with active Sequencer
In Figure 5-12, the "Spectrum 2" measurement is currently active (indicated by
the "channel active" icon in the tab label).
3. Stop the Sequencer by tapping the "Sequencer" softkey again.
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Understanding the Display Information (VNA Mode)
Operating the instrument
6 Operating the instrument
This chapter provides an overview on how to work with the R&S ZNL.
Remote control
In addition to working with the R&S ZNL interactively, located directly at the
instrument, it is also possible to operate and control it from a remote PC.
Various methods for remote control are supported:
●
Connecting the instrument to a (LAN) network
●
Using the web browser interface in a LAN network
●
Using the Windows Remote Desktop application in a LAN network
●
Connecting a PC via the GPIB interface
How to configure the remote control interfaces is described in the R&S ZNL
user manual.
● Understanding the Display Information (VNA Mode)...................................... 76
● Accessing the functionality..............................................................................78
● Entering data...................................................................................................83
● Touchscreen gestures..................................................................................... 85
● Getting help.....................................................................................................88
6.1 Understanding the Display Information (VNA
Mode)
The following figure shows a measurement diagram in VNA mode. All different
information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following
sections.
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Operating the instrument
Understanding the Display Information (VNA Mode)
1
2
3
1 = Window title bar with measurement-specific (trace) information
2 = Diagram area with marker information
3 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information
Window title bar
For each parameter diagram, a window is displayed with the following information
in the title bar:
1
1 = Trace name
2 = Measured parameter
3 = Trace format
4 = Scale per division
5 = Reference value
2 3 4 5
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Operating the instrument
Accessing the functionality
Diagram footer
For each parameter diagram, a window is displayed with the following information
in the footer:
1 2 3 4 5
1 = Channel
2 = Center frequency
3 = Power level
4 = Measurement bandwidth
5 = Span
6.2 Accessing the functionality
All tasks necessary to operate the instrument can be performed using this user
interface. Apart from instrument specific keys, all other keys that correspond to an
external keyboard (e.g. arrow keys, ENTER key) operate as specified by Microsoft.
For most tasks, there are at least 2 alternative methods to perform them:
●
Using the touchscreen
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, e.g. the keypad, rotary
knob, or arrow and position keys.
The measurement and instrument functions and settings can be accessed by
selecting one of the following elements:
●
System and function keys on the front panel of the instrument
●
Softkeys on the touchscreen
●
Context menus for specific elements on the touchscreen
●
Icons on the tool bar in the touchscreen
●
Displayed setting on the touchscreen
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Operating the instrument
Accessing the functionality
6.2.1 Toolbar functions
Standard functions can be performed via the icons in the toolbar at the top of the
screen.
You can hide the toolbar display, e.g. when using remote control, to enlarge
the display area for the measurement results ("Setup" > "Display" > "Displayed Items" ).
See the R&S ZNL User Manual.
Print immediately.................................................................................................. 79
Open.....................................................................................................................79
Save......................................................................................................................79
Undo..................................................................................................................... 79
Redo..................................................................................................................... 80
Zoom mode...........................................................................................................80
Multiple zoom mode..............................................................................................80
Zoom off................................................................................................................80
SmartGrid............................................................................................................. 80
Sequencer ........................................................................................................... 80
Help (+ Select)......................................................................................................80
Help...................................................................................................................... 80
Windows............................................................................................................... 80
Print immediately
Prints the current display (screenshot) as configured.
Open
Opens a file from the instrument ("Save/Recall" menu).
Save
Stores data on the instrument ("Save/Recall" menu).
Undo
Reverts last operation, i.e. the status before the previous action is
retrieved.
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The undo function is useful, for example, if you are performing a zero span measurement with several markers and a limit line defined and accidentally select a
different measurement. In this case, many settings would be lost. However, if you
press [UNDO] immediately afterwards, the previous status is retrieved, i.e. the
zero span measurement and all settings.
Note: The [UNDO] function is not available after a [PRESET] or "Recall" operation. When these functions are used, the history of previous actions is deleted.
Redo
Repeats previously reverted operation
Zoom mode
Displays a dotted rectangle in the diagram that can be expanded to
define the zoom area.
Multiple zoom mode
Multiple zoom areas can be defined for the same diagram.
Operating the instrument
Accessing the functionality
Zoom off
Displays the diagram in its original size.
SmartGrid
Activates "SmartGrid" mode to configure the screen layout.
Sequencer
Opens the "Sequencer" menu to perform consecutive measurements.
Help (+ Select)
Allows you to select an object for which context-specific help is displayed
See Chapter 6.5, "Getting help", on page 88
Help
Displays context-sensitive help topic for the most recently selected element
See Chapter 6.5, "Getting help", on page 88
Windows
Displays the Windows "Start" menu and task bar.
See "To access the "Start" menu" on page 28.
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Operating the instrument
Accessing the functionality
6.2.2 Softtools
Softtools display groups of related settings as a tabbed panel. They can be
opened via function keys on the (virtual) front panel, or via context menu items.
Figure 6-1: Scale softtool
The softtools are displayed in the softkey bar of the instrument. The title area of
the softkey bar displays the name of the currently opened softtool.
If you close the softkey bar using its close icon, it is automatically reopened
the next time a function key is pressed. You can change this behavior in the
"User Interface" tab of the "VNA Setup" dialog.
Some controls on the softtool tabs allow you to read and modify settings (e.g.
"Ref Value" in the screenshot above), some perform actions (e.g. "Auto Scale
Trace"), while others open additional dialogs (button label ends with "...").
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Operating the instrument
Accessing the functionality
6.2.3 Context menus
Several items in the diagram area have context menus (for example markers,
traces or the channel bar). If you right-click on one of these items (or tap it for
about 1 second), a menu is displayed which contains the same functions as the
corresponding softkey. This is useful, for example, when the softkey display is
hidden.
6.2.4 On-screen keyboard
The on-screen keyboard is an additional means of interacting with the instrument
without having to connect an external keyboard.
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The on-screen keyboard display can be switched on and off as desired using the
"On-Screen Keyboard" function key beneath the screen.
When you press this key, the display switches between the following options:
●
Keyboard displayed at the top of the screen
Operating the instrument
Entering data
●
Keyboard displayed at the bottom of the screen
●
No keyboard displayed
You can use the TAB key on the on-screen keyboard to move the focus from
one field to another in dialog boxes.
6.3 Entering data
Data can be entered in dialog boxes using one of the following methods:
●
Using the touchscreen, via the online keyboard
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, e.g. the keypad, rotary
knob, or navigation keys
The rotary knob acts like the [ENTER] key when it is pressed.
●
Using a connected external keyboard
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Transparent dialog boxes
You can change the transparency of the dialog boxes to see the results in
the windows behind the dialog box. Thus, you can see the effects that the
changes you make to the settings have on the results immediately.
To change the transparency, select the transparency icon at the top of the
dialog box. A slider is displayed. To hide the slider, select the transparency
icon again.
(The title bar of the dialog box is always slightly transparent and is not affected by the slider.)
Particularities in windows dialog boxes
Operating the instrument
Entering data
In some cases, e.g. if you want to install a printer, original Windows dialog
boxes are used. In these dialog boxes, the rotary knob and function keys do
not work. Use the touchscreen instead.
Entering numeric parameters
If a field requires numeric input, the keypad provides only numbers.
1. Enter the parameter value using the keypad, or change the currently used
parameter value by using the rotary knob (small steps) or the [UP] or [DOWN]
keys (large steps).
2. After entering the numeric value via keypad, press the corresponding unit key.
The unit is added to the entry.
3. If the parameter does not require a unit, confirm the entered value by pressing
the [ENTER] key or any of the unit keys.
The editing line is highlighted to confirm the entry.
Entering Alphanumeric Parameters
If a field requires alphanumeric input, you can use the on-screen keyboard to
enter numbers and (special) characters (see Chapter 6.2.4, "On-screen key-
board", on page 82).
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Correcting an entry
1. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor to the right of the entry you want to
delete.
2. Press the [Backspace] key.
The entry to the left of the cursor is deleted.
3. Enter your correction.
Completing the entry
► Press the [ENTER] key or the rotary knob.
Aborting the entry
► Press the [ESC] key.
The dialog box is closed without changing the settings.
Operating the instrument
Touchscreen gestures
6.4 Touchscreen gestures
A touchscreen allows you to interact with the software using various finger gestures on the screen. The basic gestures supported by the software and most
applications are described here. Further actions using the same gestures may be
possible.
Tapping
Touch the screen quickly, usually on a specific element.
You can tap most elements on the screen; in particular, any elements you can
also click on with a mouse pointer.
Figure 6-2: Tapping
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Operating the instrument
Touchscreen gestures
Double-tapping
Tap the screen twice, in quick succession.
Double-tap a diagram or the window title bar to maximize a window in the display,
or to restore the original size.
Dragging
Move your finger from one position to another on
the display, keeping your finger on the display the whole time.
By dragging your finger over a table or diagram you can pan the displayed area of
the table or diagram to show results that were previously out of view.
Figure 6-3: Dragging
Pinching and spreading two fingers
Move two fingers together on the display (pinch) or
move two fingers apart on the display (spread).
When you pinch two fingers in the display, you decrease the size of the currently
displayed area, showing the surrounding areas previously out of view.
When you spread two fingers in the display, you increase the size of the currently
displayed area, showing more details.
You can pinch or spread your fingers vertically, horizontally, or diagonally. The
direction in which you move your fingers determines which dimension of the display is changed.
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Figure 6-4: Pinching
Operating the instrument
Touchscreen gestures
Figure 6-5: Spreading
Touch gestures in diagrams change measurement settings
When you change the display using touch gestures, the corresponding measurement settings are adapted. This is different to selecting an area on the
screen in zoom mode, where merely the resolution of the displayed trace
points is changed temporarily (graphical zoom).
Mouse vs. touch actions
Any user interface elements that react to actions by a mouse pointer also react to
finger gestures on the screen, and vice versa. The following touch actions correspond to mouse actions:
Table 6-1: Correlation of mouse and touch actions
Mouse operation Touch operation
Click Tap
Double-click Double-tap
Click and hold Touch and hold
Right-click Touch, hold for 1 second and release
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Mouse operation Touch operation
Operating the instrument
Getting help
Drag-&-drop (= click and hold, then drag and
release)
n.a. (Change hardware settings) Spread and pinch two fingers
Mouse wheel to scroll up or down Swipe
Dragging scrollbars to scroll up or down, left or
right
In (graphical) Zoom mode only: dragging the
borders of the displayed rectangle to change
its size
Touch, then drag and release
Swipe
Touch, then drag and release
Example:
You can scroll through a long table in conventional mouse operation by clicking in
the table's scrollbar repeatedly. In touch operation, you would scroll through the
table by dragging the table up and down with your finger.
6.5 Getting help
If any questions or problems concerning the R&S ZNL arise, an extensive online
help system is provided on the instrument and can be consulted at any time. The
help system is context-sensitive and provides information specifically for the current operation or setting to be performed. In addition, general topics provide an
overview on complete tasks or function groups as well as background information.
The online help can be opened at any time by selecting one of the "Help" icons
on the toolbar or by pressing the [F1] key on an external or the on-screen keyboard.
To call context-sensitive help
► To display the "Help" dialog box for the currently focused screen element, e.g.
a softkey or a setting in an opened dialog box, select the "Help" icon on the
toolbar.
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The "Help" dialog box "View" tab is displayed. A topic containing information
about the focused screen element is displayed.
If no context-specific help topic is available, a more general topic or the "Content" tab is displayed.
For standard Windows dialog boxes (e.g. File Properties, Print dialog etc.),
no context-sensitive help is available.
to display a help topic for a screen element not currently focused
1. Select the "Help pointer" icon on the toolbar.
The pointer changes its shape to a "?" and an arrow.
Operating the instrument
Getting help
2. Select the screen element to change the focus.
A topic containing information about the selected (now focused) screen element is displayed.
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Collecting information for support
Customer support
7 Customer support
7.1 Collecting information for support
If problems occur, the instrument generates error messages which in most cases
will be sufficient for you to detect the cause of an error and find a remedy.
Error messages are described in the "Troubleshooting" section of the user manuals.
In addition, our customer support centers are there to assist you in solving any
problems that you may encounter with your R&S ZNL. We will find solutions more
quickly and efficiently if you provide us with the information listed below.
●
Windows Event Log Files
Windows records important actions of applications and the operating system
in event logs. You can create event log files to summarize and save the existing event logs (see "To create windows event log files" on page 91).
●
System Configuration: The "System Configuration" dialog box (in the
"Setup" menu) provides information on:
– Hardware Info: hardware assemblies
– Versions and Options: the status of all software and hardware options
installed on your instrument
– System Messages: messages on any errors that may have occurred
An .xml file with information on the system configuration ( "Device Footprint" )
can be created automatically (using the DIAGnostic:SERVice:SINFo command or as described in "To collect the support information" on page 91).
●
Error Log: The RSError.log file (in the
C:\Program Files\Rohde-Schwarz\Vector Network Analyzer\ZNL\
log directory) contains a chronological record of errors.
●
Support file: a *.zip file with important support information can be created
automatically (in the
C:\Program Files\Rohde-Schwarz\Vector Network Analyzer\ZNL\
user directory). The *.zip file contains the system configuration information
( "Device Footprint" ), the current eeprom data and a screenshot of the screen
display.
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Collecting information for support
To collect the support information
1. Press the [Setup] key.
2. Select "Service" > "R&S Support" and then "Create R&S Support Information" .
The file is stored as
C:\Program Files\Rohde-Schwarz\Vector Network Analyzer\ZNL\
user\<inst_model>_<serial-no>_<date_and_time>.zip
For example
C:\Program Files\Rohde-Schwarz\Vector Network Analyzer\ZNL\
user\ZNL3__20160803_145113.zip
To create windows event log files
1. Select the "Windows Start Button" in the bottom left corner.
Customer support
2. Enter Event Viewer and select "Enter".
3. Select and expand "Windows Logs" in the "Console Tree".
4. Right-click on each subsection and select "Save All Events As...".
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Customer support
Contacting customer support
Figure 7-1: Event Viewer
5. Enter a file name and select "Save"
Collect the error information and attach it to an email in which you describe the
problem. Send the email to the customer support address for your region as listed
in Chapter 7.2, "Contacting customer support", on page 92.
7.2 Contacting customer support
Technical support – where and when you need it
For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz product, contact our customer
support center. A team of highly qualified engineers provides support and works
with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz products.
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Customer support
Contacting customer support
Contact information
Contact our customer support center at www.rohde-schwarz.com/support, or fol-
low this QR code:
Figure 7-2: QR code to the Rohde & Schwarz support page
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Index
Index
A
Alphanumeric parameters ....................... 84
Application cards ..................................... 13
Application notes ..................................... 13
Arrow keys ...............................................40
Aux. Port
Connector ........................................... 45
B
Brochures ................................................ 12
C
Calibration
Signal, as RF input ............................. 67
Calibration certificate ...............................13
Channel Setups
Trying out ............................................63
Connector
AC power supply .................................42
Aux. Port ............................................. 45
Display Port ........................................ 47
DVI ......................................................47
GPIB interface .................................... 43
Headphones ....................................... 46
IF/VIDEO/DEMOD .............................. 45
LAN .....................................................47
Noise source control ........................... 44
Power sensor ......................................46
Ref. In ................................................. 44
Ref. Out .............................................. 44
RF Input 50Ω ...................................... 41
Trigger In .............................................44
USB .............................................. 35, 47
Context menus ........................................ 82
Customer support ....................................92
D
Data sheets ............................................. 12
Dialog boxes
Slider ...................................................84
Transparency ......................................84
Display Port
Connector ........................................... 47
DVI
Connector ........................................... 47
E
Entering data ........................................... 83
Error log ...................................................90
Evaluation
Trying out ............................................69
Evaluation of data ....................................56
External monitor
Connectors ......................................... 47
F
Firmware updates
see User Manual .................................14
Function keys
Details - see user manual ................... 36
Overview .............................................36
G
Getting started ......................................... 11
GPIB interface
Configuring - see user manual ............43
Connector ........................................... 43
Graphical zoom ....................................... 87
H
Hardcopy
see Screenshots ................................. 62
Headphones
Connector ........................................... 46
Help ......................................................... 88
I
I/Q Analyzer
Trying out ............................................63
IF/VIDEO/DEMOD
Connector ........................................... 45
Instrument calibration .............................. 53
Instrument security procedures ............... 12
K
Key
DOWN ................................................ 40
LEFT ................................................... 40
Power ..................................................35
RIGHT .................................................40
UP .......................................................40
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Index
Keyboard
On-screen ........................................... 82
Keypad
Overview .............................................38
L
LAN
Connector ........................................... 47
Loading
Trying out ............................................61
M
Markers
Trying out ............................................71
Measurement examples .......................... 49
Measurement zoom .................................87
Menus
Context-sensitive ................................ 82
MultiView
Trying out ............................................65
N
Navigation
Controls .............................................. 39
in tables .............................................. 39
Navigation keys ....................................... 39
Noise source control
Connector ........................................... 44
Numeric parameters ................................84
O
On-screen keyboard ..........................82, 84
Online help
Working with ....................................... 88
Optimizing
Calibration signal display .................... 68
P
Parameters
Entering .............................................. 84
Peak list
Trying out ............................................73
Power
Key ......................................................35
Power sensors
Configuring - see user manual ............46
Connector ........................................... 46
Using - see user manual .....................46
Power supply
Connector ........................................... 42
Printing
Trying out ............................................62
R
Rear panel
Overview .............................................41
Ref. In
Connector ........................................... 44
Ref. Out
Connector ........................................... 44
Reflection measurement (example) ........ 57
Release notes ......................................... 13
RF Input
Connector ........................................... 41
Rotary knob ............................................. 39
S
S-Parameter Wizard ................................49
Safety instructions ............................... 5, 12
Saving
Trying out ......................................60, 62
Screenshots
Trying out ............................................62
Search settings
Trying out ............................................73
Security procedures ................................ 12
Sequencer
Trying out ............................................74
Service manual ........................................12
SmartGrid
Trying out ............................................69
Softtools .................................................. 81
Spectrograms
Trying out ............................................69
Support ....................................................90
Sweep range selection ............................ 51
System
Keys ....................................................35
T
Technical support .................................... 90
Touchscreen
Overview .............................................33
Transmission measurement (example) ... 50
Trigger In
Connector ........................................... 44
Trying out
Prerequisites .......................................49
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U
USB
Connector ........................................... 47
Connectors ......................................... 35
W
White papers ........................................... 13
Windows
Dialog boxes ....................................... 84
Windows
Access ................................................ 27
Wizard ..................................................... 49
Z
Zoom
Graphical ............................................ 87
Measurement ......................................87
Zooming
Trying out ............................................59
Index
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