R&S®SMBVB-K46
®
CDMA2000
User Manual
(;ÜßT2)
1178813602
Version 06
This document describes the following software options:
●
R&S®SMBVB-K46 CDMA2000® (1413.3884.xx)
This manual describes firmware version FW 5.00.044.xx and later of the R&S®SMBV100B.
© 2021 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
CDMA2000® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA -USA).
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.8136.02 | Version 06 | R&S®SMBVB-K46
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®SMBV100B is abbreviated as R&S SMBVB, R&S®WinIQSIM2
is abbreviated as R&S WinIQSIM2; the license types 02/03/07/11/13/16/12 are abbreviated as xx.
TM
R&S®SMBVB-K46
1 Welcome to the CDMA2000 digital standard....................................... 5
1.1 Accessing the CDMA2000 dialog................................................................................ 5
1.2 What's new.....................................................................................................................6
1.3 Documentation overview..............................................................................................6
1.3.1 Getting started manual....................................................................................................6
1.3.2 User manuals and help................................................................................................... 6
1.3.3 Service manual............................................................................................................... 6
1.3.4 Instrument security procedures.......................................................................................7
1.3.5 Printed safety instructions............................................................................................... 7
1.3.6 Data sheets and brochures............................................................................................. 7
1.3.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA).............................................. 7
Contents
Contents
1.3.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc...................................................7
1.4 Scope............................................................................................................................. 8
1.5 Notes on screenshots...................................................................................................8
2 About this digital standard....................................................................9
2.1 Modulation system CDMA2000.................................................................................. 11
2.1.1 Modulation system CDMA2000 in the downlink (forward).............................................11
2.1.2 Modulation system CDMA2000 in the uplink (reverse)................................................. 11
2.1.3 Data source - uplink and downlink................................................................................ 12
2.1.4 Channel coding - uplink and downlink...........................................................................12
2.1.5 Long-code scrambling generator - downlink................................................................. 13
2.1.6 Power control puncturing - downlink............................................................................. 13
2.1.7 Variable-length walsh spreading - downlink.................................................................. 14
2.1.8 PN short-code scrambling - downlink............................................................................14
2.1.9 Spreading - uplink......................................................................................................... 14
2.1.10 Scrambling - uplink........................................................................................................15
2.1.11 Baseband filtering - uplink and downlink.......................................................................17
2.1.12 I/Q modulator - uplink and downlink..............................................................................17
2.1.13 Constellation of I/Q signals - downlink.......................................................................... 18
2.1.14 Power control - downlink and uplink..............................................................................20
3 CDMA2000 configuration and settings.............................................. 21
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3.1 General settings for CDMA2000 signals................................................................... 21
3.2 Trigger settings........................................................................................................... 24
3.3 Marker settings............................................................................................................28
3.4 Clock settings..............................................................................................................30
3.5 Global connectors settings........................................................................................30
3.6 CDMA2000 basestations and mobile stations settings...........................................31
3.6.1 Configure base station or mobile station.......................................................................31
3.6.2 Predefined settings - downlink...................................................................................... 35
3.6.3 Additional mobile station - uplink...................................................................................38
3.6.4 Base station configuration.............................................................................................40
3.6.5 More parameters - BS channel table............................................................................ 53
3.6.6 More parameters for F-PDCH - BS............................................................................... 62
3.6.7 Mobile station configuration (MS)..................................................................................66
Contents
3.7 Filter / clipping / ARB settings................................................................................... 75
3.7.1 Filter settings.................................................................................................................75
3.7.2 Clipping settings............................................................................................................76
3.7.3 ARB settings................................................................................................................. 77
3.7.4 I/Q setting......................................................................................................................78
4 Remote-control commands.................................................................79
4.1 Primary commands.....................................................................................................80
4.2 Filter/clipping settings................................................................................................86
4.2.1 Filter settings.................................................................................................................86
4.2.2 Clipping settings............................................................................................................89
4.3 Trigger settings........................................................................................................... 91
4.4 Marker settings............................................................................................................94
4.5 Clock settings..............................................................................................................96
4.6 Predefined settings.....................................................................................................96
4.7 Base stations settings.............................................................................................. 101
4.8 Mobile station settings............................................................................................. 131
List of commands.............................................................................. 144
Index....................................................................................................147
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1 Welcome to the CDMA2000 digital standard
Welcome to the CDMA2000 digital standard
Accessing the CDMA2000 dialog
The R&S SMBVB-K46 is a firmware application that adds functionality to generate signals in accordance with the CDMA2000 standard 3GPP2 C.S0002-C, version 1.0, May
2002 (release C). CDMA2000® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications
Industry Association (TIA –USA).
The R&S SMBV100B simulates CDMA2000 at the physical channel level. The following list gives an overview of the R&S SMBVB-K46 features:
●
Configuration of up to four base stations or four mobile stations
●
All special channels and up to 78 channels on the downlink (depending on the
radio configuration)
●
Packet channel according to 1xEV-DV on the downlink
●
Operating modes "Traffic", "Access", "Enhanced Access" and "Common Control"
on the uplink
●
"Misuse For Output Power Control" parameter for varying the original normal transmit power over time
●
Simulation of up to 64 additional mobile stations
●
Clipping for reducing the crest factor
●
All channel coding modes included in IS-2000 (Frame Quality Indicator, Convolutional Encoder, Turbo Encoder, Symbol Puncture, Interleaver, etc.)
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
All functions not discussed in this manual are the same as in the base unit and are
described in the R&S SMBV100B user manual. The latest version is available at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/SMBV100B
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the delivery of the option or in the
R&S SMBV100B service manual.
1.1 Accessing the CDMA2000 dialog
To open the dialog with CDMA2000 settings
► In the block diagram of the R&S SMBV100B, select "Baseband > CDMA2000".
A dialog box opens that displays the provided general settings.
The signal generation is not started immediately. To start signal generation with the
default settings, select "State > On".
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1.2 What's new
1.3 Documentation overview
1.3.1 Getting started manual
Welcome to the CDMA2000 digital standard
Documentation overview
This manual describes firmware version FW 5.00.044.xx and later of the
R&S®SMBV100B.
Compared to the previous version there are editorial changes only.
This section provides an overview of the R&S SMBV100B user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S SMBV100B product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/smbv100b
Introduces the R&S SMBV100B and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc. A printed version is delivered with the instrument.
1.3.2 User manuals and help
Separate manuals for the base unit and the software options are provided for download:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Software option manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of an option. Basic information on
operating the R&S SMBV100B is not included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S SMBV100B. The
help offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit
and the software options.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.3.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking compliance with rated specifications, firmware update, troubleshooting, adjustments, installing options and maintenance.
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1.3.4 Instrument security procedures
1.3.5 Printed safety instructions
1.3.6 Data sheets and brochures
Welcome to the CDMA2000 digital standard
Documentation overview
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S SMBV100B in secure areas. It
is available for download on the Internet.
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S SMBV100B. It also
lists the options and their order numbers and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/smbv100b
1.3.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/smbv100b
1.3.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/smbv100b
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1.4 Scope
Welcome to the CDMA2000 digital standard
Notes on screenshots
Tasks (in manual or remote operation) that are also performed in the base unit in the
same way are not described here.
In particular, it includes:
●
Managing settings and data lists, like saving and loading settings, creating and
accessing data lists, or accessing files in a particular directory.
●
Information on regular trigger, marker and clock signals and filter settings, if appropriate.
●
General instrument configuration, such as checking the system configuration, configuring networks and remote operation
●
Using the common status registers
For a description of such tasks, see the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
1.5 Notes on screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
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2 About this digital standard
About this digital standard
CDMA2000 is the North American standard for the third mobile radio generation (3G).
It is a further development of the North American mobile radio system of the secondgeneration IS95 (CDMA).
Required options
The basic equipment layout for generating CDMA2000 signals includes the options:
●
Base unit
●
Baseband realtime extension (R&S SMBVB-K520)
●
Option CDMA2000 (R&S SMBVB-K46)
You can generate signals via play-back of waveform files at the signal generator. To
create the waveform file using R&S WinIQSIM2, you do not need a specific option.
To play back the waveform file at the signal generator, you have two options:
●
Install the R&S WinIQSIM2 option of the digital standard, e.g. R&S SMBVB-K255
for playing LTE waveforms
●
If supported, install the real-time option of the digital standard, e.g. R&S SMBVBK55 for playing LTE waveforms
For more information, see data sheet.
Overview of main CDMA2000 parameters
The R&S SMBV100B generates the CDMA2000 signals with a chip rate of 1,2288
Mcps, corresponding to the so-called "Spreading Rate 1".
The CDMA2000 signal is generated in arbitrary waveform mode, i.e. the signal is first
calculated and then output.
The following table gives an overview of parameters of the modulation system
CDMA2000.
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About this digital standard
Table 2-1: Parameters of the modulation system
Parameter Value
Spreading rate 1.2288 MHz
Channel types
Downlink:
●
Forward Pilot (F-PICH)
●
Sync (F-SYNC)
●
Paging (F-PCH)
●
Transmit Diversity Pilot (F-TDPICH)
●
Auxiliary Pilot (F-APICH)
●
Auxiliary Transmit Diversity Pilot (F-ATDPCH)
●
Broadcast (F-BCH)
●
Quick Paging (F-QPCH)
●
Common Power Control (F-CPCCH)
●
Common Assignment (F-CACH)
●
Forward Common Control (F-CCCH)
●
Packet Channels
●
Forward Packet Data Control (F-PDCCH)
●
Forward Packet Data (F-PDCH)
●
Traffic Channels
●
Forward Dedicated Control (F-DCCH)
●
Forward Fundamental (F-FCH)
●
Forward Supplemental (F-SCH)
Uplink:
●
Reverse Pilot (R-PICH)
●
Access (R-ACH)
●
Enhanced Access (R-EACH)
●
Reverse Common Control (R-CCCH)
●
Traffic Channel
●
Reverse Dedicated Control (R-DCCH)
●
Reverse Fundamental (R-FCH)
●
Reverse Supplemental Code (R-SCCH)
●
Reverse Supplemental (R-SCH)
Channel count In downlink 4 base stations each with up to 78 code channels (depending
on the radio configuration).
In uplink 4 mobile stations with up to 8 code channels (depending on the
radio configuration).
Radio configuration RC 1 – RC 5 & RC10
Frame length Radio frame: 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms (depending on
the channel type and the radio configuration)
PN offset 0 ... 511
Quasi Orthogonal Walsh Set set 1 – set 3
Channel coding All channel coding modes included in IS-2000 (Frame Quality Indicator,
Convolutional Encoder, Turbo Encoder, Symbol Puncture, Interleaver, etc.)
Long Code Mask 0 ... 3FF FFFF FFFF hex
The following sections provide some background information on basic terms and principles used in the CDMA2000 modulation system.
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2.1 Modulation system CDMA2000
2.1.1 Modulation system CDMA2000 in the downlink (forward)
About this digital standard
Modulation system CDMA2000
The following simplified diagram is used to explain the system principle of CDMA200 in
the forward (down) and reverse (up) link. The exact system configuration depends on
parameters like link direction, spreading rate, mode, radio configuration and channel
type. A detailed description cannot be given in this manual. For further information,
refer to the IS2000 standard.
The following block diagram shows the components of the CDMA2000 transmission
system in the downlink.
2.1.2
Figure 2-1: Components of the CDMA2000 transmission system in the downlink (forward)
Modulation system CDMA2000 in the uplink (reverse)
The following block diagram shows the components of the CDMA2000 transmission
system in the uplink.
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About this digital standard
Modulation system CDMA2000
Figure 2-2: Components of the CDMA2000 transmission system in the uplink (reverse)
2.1.3 Data source - uplink and downlink
The data fields of all channels can be filled from all possible data sources: pattern (all1,
all0, user-defined up to 64 bits), PRBS data, data lists and external data.
2.1.4 Channel coding - uplink and downlink
In contrast to 3GPP FDD, channel coding with CDMA2000 is part of the physical layer.
The channel coding procedure can slightly vary depending on channel type, frame
length and data rate. The basic coding procedure is illustrated by the coding block in
the diagram above.
For a more exact definition, refer to the standard.
Add reserved bits: filled with "0" bits
Add frame quality indicator: calculation and insertion of a CRC (cyclic redundancy code) check-
sum for error identification.
Add 8 reserved/encoder
Tail bits: reserved, tail bits which set the subsequent coder to a defined final
state.
Convolutional or turbo encoder: error correction code, depending on data rate and other parame-
ters either by convolutional coding or turbo codes.
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2.1.5 Long-code scrambling generator - downlink
About this digital standard
Modulation system CDMA2000
Symbol repetition: symbol repetition is used together with bock symbol puncture for
adapting the convolutional or turbo coder output data rate to the
required input data rate of the interleaver.
Symbol puncture: symbol puncturing (elimination) is used together with bock symbol
repetition for adapting the convolutional or turbo coder output data
rate to the required input data rate of the interleaver.
Block interleaver: block-wise permutation of input data sequence of interleaver to
reduce bit errors.
The long-code generator is also referred to as scrambling code generator since it
scrambles the chip sequence in a user-specific way (long-code mask).
Figure 2-3: Long-code generator CDMA2000
The long-code generator is a feedback 42-bit shift register with its status vector linked
to a user-specific long-code mask to form the specific long-code sequence.
The generator polynomial of the shift-register section of the long-code generator is:
p(x) = x42+x35+x33+x31+x27+x26+x25+x22+x21+x19+x18+x17+x16+x10+x7+x6+x5+x3+x2+x1+1
A real long code is used in the forward link. In the reverse link, a complex long code
with I and Q component is required. The long code for the I component is derived
directly from the 1X generator, that for the Q component corresponds to the I long code
delayed by one chip.
2.1.6 Power control puncturing - downlink
To control the output power of the mobile station, the BS sends power control bits in
the traffic channel at an 800 Hz rate instead of the scrambled data bits. Depending on
the power control bits, the mobile station increases or reduces its output power.
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2.1.7 Variable-length walsh spreading - downlink
2.1.8 PN short-code scrambling - downlink
About this digital standard
Modulation system CDMA2000
Spreading of the CDMA2000 signal is performed in this block. Walsh codes with a variable spreading factor are used. The spreading factor and the Walsh code depend on
the spreading rate, channel type, frame length and data rate. To extend the base-station capacity, so-called 'quasi-orthogonal Walsh sets' can be used in addition to the
Walsh codes. The input data stream of the spreading unit is already complex (I + jQ). If
a standard Walsh code is used, spreading is performed by multiplying the input symbol
(modulo 2 multiplication) with the real Walsh code. The quasi-orthogonal Walsh code
results in complex spreading through an additional rotation of the output phase (the
spreading code then consists of a real and an imaginary part).
The (complex) input data stream of the PN short-code scrambler is multiplied by a
complex PN sequence (IPN + j QPN). This is also called 'quadrature spreading'. With
channels of the radio configurations 1 and 2, whose generation is comparable with that
of IS-95 systems, this block splits up the input stream in I and Q components.
The base-station-specific parameter PN offset determines the start phase of these PN
short-code sequences. This permits signals of different base stations to be distinguished.
Generator polynomial for I and Q components of the PN short code:
PI(x) = x15+x13+x9+x8+x7+x5+1
PQ(x) = X15+x12+x11+x10+x6+x5+x4+x3+1
The period of a PN short-code sequence is 26.666 ms.
2.1.9 Spreading - uplink
Increasing the data rate or spreading in the reverse link is performed in different ways
depending on the radio configuration and the channel type.
2.1.9.1 Variable length walsh spreading
Walsh codes with a variable spread factor are used for spreading. The spreading factor
and the Walsh code depend on the spreading rate, channel type, frame length and the
data rate. Spreading is obtained by multiplication of the input symbol (modulo 2 multiplication) by the real Walsh code.
2.1.9.2 64-ary orthogonal modulator
Groups of 6 input bits are used for addressing a line of the Walsh code table with the
spread code length of 64. This 'modulator' increases the data rate by a factor of 64/6.
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2.1.10 Scrambling - uplink
2.1.10.1 Scrambling for radio configuration 1 and 2
About this digital standard
Modulation system CDMA2000
This type of rate increase comes from IS-95 and is used in the radio configurations 1
and 2.
In the scrambling block of the uplink system, the spread data stream is scrambled with
the long code and the PN short code. Different methods are used for the radio configurations 1, 2 and RC3 to RC5.
Figure 2-4: Scrambling in the uplink RC 1 and RC2
The output data stream of the spreading block is scrambled with the long code. The
rate is increased in addition by a factor of four. The long-code generator is also referred to as scrambling code generator since it scrambles the chip sequence in a userspecific way (long-code mask). This generator exactly corresponds to the generation
described in Chapter 2.1.5, "Long-code scrambling generator - downlink", on page 13
for the downlink.
The real input data stream of the PN short-code scrambler is multiplied by a complex
PN sequence (IPN + j QPN). This procedure is also called 'quadrature spreading'. With
channels of the radio configurations 1 and 2, whose generation is comparable with that
of IS-95 systems, this block splits up the input stream in I and Q components.
In contrast to the downlink, no variable PN offset parameter is available for the PN
short code in the reverse link. The PN offset is always 0.
Different generation rules are used for the PN short codes depending on the mode and
spreading rate. The generator polynomials of the PN short codes correspond to the
polynomials in the downlink (see Chapter 2.1.8, "PN short-code scrambling - down-
link", on page 14). The I and Q data streams consisting of {0, 1} sequences are then
mapped to {+1, -1} in the signal point mapping block.
Because of the delay of the Q component, offset QPSK constellation known from the
reverse link of IS-95 is obtained from the QPSK constellation. Due to the Q delay, the
transfer of the I and Q signal components from one chip to the next is never synchro-
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About this digital standard
Modulation system CDMA2000
nous. For this reason, there are no zero crossings in the transfer from one chip to the
next. This behavior can be seen in the vector diagram below.
Figure 2-5: Scrambling in the uplink RC 1 and RC2
2.1.10.2 Scrambling for radio configuration 3, 4 and 5
Figure 2-6: Scrambling in the uplink RC3, RC4 and RC5
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About this digital standard
Modulation system CDMA2000
Here too, the long-code generator defined in Chapter 2.1.5, "Long-code scrambling
generator - downlink", on page 13 for the downlink is used. A complex long-code
sequence is required. For this purpose, the output sequence of the generator is used
as the I component and the sequence delayed by one chip as the Q component.
The I component of the long code is then multiplied by the I component of the PN short
code. The same applies for the Q component. The definition of the PN short code is
given in Chapter 2.1.8, "PN short-code scrambling - downlink", on page 14.
The subsequent operations decimate by factor of 2 and link the Q component to the
Walsh sequence (+-) and the I component. They serve for reducing the zero crossings
of the I/Q signal at the end of the whole scrambling process. Thus a behavior similar to
behavior in the uplink of 3GPP is obtained. It is also known as HPSK (hybrid phase
shift keying).
The resulting I/Q output stream is obtained by complex multiplication (modulo 2) of the
I/Q input sequence of the scrambler by the complex scramble sequence. The complex
scramble sequence is obtained from the long code and the PN short code. The constellation obtained is a combination of QPSK and offset QPSK.
In this mode, the traffic data streams of a channel are mapped either to the I or to the
Q path of the complex data stream (see Figure 2-6). With these so-called BPSK channels, the channel component at the scrambler input consists of a real or an imaginary
component. As can be seen in the table below, the constellation after complex scrambling is again at the angle bisector.
Table 2-2: Output combinations with BPSK channels
d(n) \ S-Code(n) -1-j -1+j +1-j +1+j
-1 +1+j +1-j -1+j -1-j
+1 -1-j -1+j +1-j +1+j
-j -1+j +1+j -1-j +1-j
+j +1-j -1-j +1+j -1+j
2.1.11 Baseband filtering - uplink and downlink
This block performs baseband filtering (pulse shaping and band limiting) of the I/Q signal. In addition to the filters specified in the standard, the signal generator also provides equalizer filters with a better adjacent-channel leakage ratio.
2.1.12 I/Q modulator - uplink and downlink
The I/Q modulator defined in the IS2000 standard differs from the definition in this
implementation. The definition on which the implementation is based is used by virtually all digital communication standards, except IS95 and IS2000.
In the final step, the filtered IQ signal is modulated to the desired RF in a different way
in the I/Q modulator:
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About this digital standard
Modulation system CDMA2000
Figure 2-7: Definition of I/Q modulator in IS2000 and the R&S SMBV100B
IS2000 = the RF signal s(t) is derived from the baseband I/Q signal as s(t)=i(t)cos(2*pi*fct) +
q(t)sin(2*pi*fct)
R&S SMBVB = the RF signal s(t) is based on the definition s(t)=i(t)cos(2*pi*fct)-q(t) sin(2*pi*fct)
To generate baseband signals according to IS2000 (CDMA200 standard) invert the Qpart of the signal, i.e. select "I/Q Modulator > I/Q Swap > On".
See also R&S SMBV100B user manual, section "Applying I/Q Vector Modulation".
2.1.13 Constellation of I/Q signals - downlink
Depending on radio configuration and channel type, the signal components in the different channels create different subconstellations.
2.1.13.1 BPSK channels
With some channel types (in RC1/2 and in the pilot channel), the data stream is split up
in I and Q components in the PN short code scrambling block. The input data stream
of this block is a real +/-1 sequence similar to BPSK. The complex output data
sequence is then as follows:
S
(n) = din(n) (PNI(n) + j PNQ(n)), with din(n), PNI(n), PNQ(n) ∊ {-1, +1}.
out
This yields four different output combinations for S
(-1 –j), (-1 +j), (+1 –j), (+1 +j),
i.e. all points are on one of the two angle bisectors at the I/Q level.
out
:
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2.1.13.2 QPSK channels
About this digital standard
Modulation system CDMA2000
Figure 2-8: Constellation diagram of a BPSK channel with 0 dB power
With other channel types, the input data stream of the PN short code scrambling
block is a complex ±1 ±j sequence similar to QPSK. The complex output data
sequence is then as follows:
S
(n) = (dI(n) + jdQ(n)) (PNI(n) + j PNQ(n)), with dI(n), dQ(n), PNI(n), PNQ(n) ∊ {-1, +1}.
out
Table 2-3: Output combinations with QPSK channels
PN(n) \ d(n) -1-j -1+j +1-j +1+j
-1-j +2j +2 -2 -2j
-1+j +2 -2j +2j -2
+1-j -2 +2j -2j +2
+1+j -2j -2 +2 +2j
This again yields four different output combinations for S
out
:
-2j, 2j, -2, 2,
i.e. all points are on one of the two axes at the I/Q level.
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2.1.14 Power control - downlink and uplink
About this digital standard
Modulation system CDMA2000
Figure 2-9: Constellation diagram of a QPSK channel with 0 dB power
After spreading and scrambling, a channel-specific power factor p is applied to the signal. For example, a value of -6 dB therefore results in half the level (or 1/4 power).
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3 CDMA2000 configuration and settings
CDMA2000 configuration and settings
General settings for CDMA2000 signals
► To access the CDMA2000 settings, select "Baseband > CDMA2000".
Tip: The dialog is comprehensive. To simplify the description and the orientation
through this documentation, the headings of the following section follow a common
naming convention:
<DialogName/TabName>< - ><SourceDialog>
This common structure is intended to identify your current location in the dialog.
The remote commands required to define these settings are described in Chapter 4,
"Remote-control commands", on page 79.
● General settings for CDMA2000 signals.................................................................21
● Trigger settings....................................................................................................... 24
● Marker settings........................................................................................................28
● Clock settings..........................................................................................................30
● Global connectors settings......................................................................................30
● CDMA2000 basestations and mobile stations settings...........................................31
● Filter / clipping / ARB settings................................................................................. 75
3.1 General settings for CDMA2000 signals
This tab provides access to the default and the "Save/Recall" settings, and displays the
valid CDMA2000 version and the spreading rate. The selected link direction determines the available parameters.
State..............................................................................................................................22
Set to Default................................................................................................................ 22
Save/Recall................................................................................................................... 23
Generate Waveform File............................................................................................... 23
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CDMA2000 configuration and settings
General settings for CDMA2000 signals
CDMA 2000 Version......................................................................................................23
Spreading Rate............................................................................................................. 23
Link Direction................................................................................................................ 23
Filter / Clipping / ARB Settings......................................................................................24
State
Activates the standard and deactivates all the other digital standards and digital modulation modes in the same path.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:STATe on page 85
Set to Default
Calls the default settings. The values of the main parameters are listed in the following
table.
Parameter Value
State Not affected by "Set to default"
Link Direction Downlink
Filter CdmaOne + Equalizer
Clipping Off
Base Station Configuration
State Off
Radio Configuration Traffic Channels 1 and 2 RC3
Radio Configuration other Traffic Channels RC1
Time Delay 0 chips
PN Offset 0
Transmit Diversity Off
Quasi Orthogonal Walsh Set 1
Mobile Station Configuration
State Off
Mode Traffic
Radio Configuration RC3
Channel Coding Complete
LC Mask (hex) 0
State (all Channels) Off
Power Control Off
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:PRESet on page 83
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CDMA2000 configuration and settings
General settings for CDMA2000 signals
Save/Recall
Accesses the "Save/Recall" dialog, that is the standard instrument function for saving
and recalling the complete dialog-related settings in a file. The provided navigation
possibilities in the dialog are self-explanatory.
The settings are saved in a file with predefined extension. You can define the filename
and the directory, in that you want to save the file.
See also, chapter "File and Data Management" in the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:SETTing:CATalog? on page 84
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:SETTing:LOAD on page 84
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:SETTing:STORe on page 85
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:SETTing:DELete on page 84
Generate Waveform File
With enabled signal generation, triggers the instrument to save the current settings of
an arbitrary waveform signal in a waveform file with predefined extension *.wv. You
can define the filename and the directory, in that you want to save the file.
Using the ARB modulation source, you can play back waveform files and/or process
the file to generate multi-carrier or multi-segment signals.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:WAVeform:CREate on page 86
CDMA 2000 Version
Displays the current version of the CDMA2000 standard.
The default settings and parameters provided are oriented towards the specifications
of the version displayed.
Remote command:
[:SOURce]:BB:C2K:VERSion? on page 86
Spreading Rate
Displays the spreading rate.
Mode Spreading Rate 1 ("Direct Spread 1X") is used:
The "Chip Rate" parameter which determines the rate of the spread symbols that is
used for signal output, can be varied in the Filter, Clipping, ARB Settings dialog (see
Chapter 3.7, "Filter / clipping / ARB settings", on page 75 ).
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:CRATe? on page 82
Link Direction
Selects the transmission direction.
The settings of the base station or the mobile station are provided in the following dialog section in accordance with the selection.
"Downlink/ Forward Link"
The transmission direction selected is base station to mobile station.
The signal corresponds to that of a base station.
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3.2 Trigger settings
CDMA2000 configuration and settings
Trigger settings
"Uplink/ Reverse Link"
The transmission direction selected is mobile station to base station.
The signal corresponds to that of a mobile station.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:LINK on page 83
Filter / Clipping / ARB Settings
Provides access to the dialog for setting baseband filtering, clipping and the sequence
length of the arbitrary waveform component, see Chapter 3.7, "Filter / clipping / ARB
settings", on page 75.
This dialog provides access to the settings necessary to select and configure the trigger, like trigger source, mode, trigger delay and trigger suppression, as well as to arm
or trigger an internal trigger manually. The current signal generation status is displayed
in the header of the dialog together with information on the enabled trigger mode. As in
the "Marker" and "Clock" dialogs, this dialog provides also access to the settings of the
related connectors.
This section focuses on the available settings.
For information on how these settings affect the signal, refer to section "Basics on ..."
in the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
► To access this dialog, select "Baseband > CDMA2000 > Trigger In".
This dialog comprises the settings required for configuring the trigger signal.
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CDMA2000 configuration and settings
Trigger settings
Routing and enabling a trigger
The provided trigger signals are not dedicated to a particular connector. Trigger signals
can be mapped to one or more User x connectors.
The provided trigger signals are not dedicated to a particular connector. Trigger signals
can be mapped to one or two User x connectors.
Use the Global connectors settings to configure the signal mapping, the polarity, the
trigger threshold and the input impedance of the input connectors.
To route and enable a trigger signal, perform the following general steps:
●
Define the signal source and the effect of a trigger event.
Select the "Trigger In > Mode" and "Trigger In > Source".
●
Define the connector where the selected signal is provided.
Use the "Global Connectors" settings.
Provided are the following settings:
Trigger Mode
Selects trigger mode, i.e. determines the effect of a trigger event on the signal generation.
●
"Auto"
The signal is generated continuously.
●
"Retrigger"
The signal is generated continuously. A trigger event (internal or external) causes a
restart.
●
"Armed Auto"
The signal is generated only when a trigger event occurs. Then the signal is generated continuously.
An "Arm" stops the signal generation. A subsequent trigger event (internal or external) causes a restart.
●
"Armed Retrigger"
The signal is generated only when a trigger event occurs. Then the signal is generated continuously. Every subsequent trigger event causes a restart.
An "Arm" stops signal generation. A subsequent trigger event (internal or external)
causes a restart.
●
"Single"
The signal is generated only when a trigger event occurs. Then the signal is generated once to the length specified at "Signal Duration".
Every subsequent trigger event (internal or external) causes a restart.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K[:TRIGger]:SEQuence on page 91
Signal Duration Unit
Defines the unit for describing the length of the signal sequence to be output in the
"Single" trigger mode.
Available units are chip sequence length (CLS), chips or frames.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:SLUNit on page 94
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CDMA2000 configuration and settings
Trigger settings
Trigger Signal Duration
Enters the length of the signal sequence to be output in the "Single" trigger mode.
Use this parameter to output part of the signal deliberately, an exact sequence of the
signal, or a defined number of repetitions of the signal.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:SLENgth on page 93
Running/Stopped
With enabled modulation, displays the status of signal generation for all trigger modes.
●
"Running"
The signal is generated; a trigger was (internally or externally) initiated in triggered
mode.
●
"Stopped"
The signal is not generated and the instrument waits for a trigger event.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:RMODe? on page 93
Arm
Stops the signal generation until subsequent trigger event occurs.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:ARM:EXECute on page 92
Execute Trigger
For internal trigger source, executes trigger manually.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:EXECute on page 92
Trigger Source
The following sources of the trigger signal are available:
●
"Internal"
The trigger event is executed manually by the "Execute Trigger".
●
"External Global Trigger"
The trigger event is the active edge of an external trigger signal provided and configured at the User x connectors.
●
"Baseband Sync In"
In primary-secondary instrument mode, secondary instruments are triggered by the
active edge of the synchronization signal.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:SOURce on page 92
Sync. Output to External Trigger/Sync. Output to Trigger
Enables signal output synchronous to the trigger event.
●
"On"
Corresponds to the default state of this parameter.
The signal calculation starts simultaneously with the trigger event. Because of the
processing time of the instrument, the first samples are cut off and no signal is out-
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CDMA2000 configuration and settings
Trigger settings
put. After elapsing of the internal processing time, the output signal is synchronous
to the trigger event.
●
"Off"
The signal output begins after elapsing of the processing time. Signal output starts
with sample 0. The complete signal is output.
This mode is recommended for triggering of short signal sequences. Short sequences are sequences with signal duration comparable with the processing time of the
instrument.
In primary-secondary instrument mode, this setting ensures that once achieved, synchronization is not lost if the baseband signal sampling rate changes.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:EXTernal:SYNChronize:OUTPut
on page 92
External Trigger Inhibit
Applies for external trigger signal.
Sets the duration with that any following trigger event is suppressed. In "Retrigger"
mode, for example, a new trigger event does not cause a restart of the signal generation until the specified inhibit duration does not expire.
For more information, see chapter "Basics" in the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger[:EXTernal]:INHibit on page 93
Trigger Delay
Delays the trigger event of the signal from:
●
The external trigger source
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3.3 Marker settings
CDMA2000 configuration and settings
Marker settings
Use this setting to:
●
Synchronize the instrument with the device under test (DUT) or other external devices
●
Compensate delays and align the signal generation start in multi-instrument setup
For more information, see chapter "Basics on ..." in the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger[:EXTernal]:DELay on page 93
This dialog provides access to the settings necessary to select and configure the
marker output signal, like the marker mode or marker delay settings.
This section focuses on the available settings.
For information on how these settings affect the signal, refer to section "Basics on ..."
in the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
► To access this dialog, select "Baseband > CDMA2000 > Marker".
This dialog comprises the settings required for configuring the marker mode and
the marker delay.
Routing and enabling a marker
The provided marker signals are not dedicated to a particular connector. They can be
mapped to one or more User x connectors.
To route and enable a marker signal, perform the following general steps:
●
Define the shape of the generated marker, i.e. select the "Marker > Mode".
●
Define the connector where the selected signal is provided.
Use the Global connectors settings.
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CDMA2000 configuration and settings
Marker settings
Settings:
Marker Mode
Marker configuration for up to 3 markers. The settings are used to select the marker
mode defining the shape and periodicity of the markers. The contents of the dialog
change with the selected marker mode.
"Power Control Group (1.25 ms)"
A marker signal is generated at the start of each Power Control
Group (every 1.25 ms).
"Radio Frame (20 ms)"
A marker signal is generated every 20 ms (traffic channel frame
clock).
"Sync Channel Frame (26.6 ms)"
A marker signal is generated at the beginning of each Sync Channel
Frame (every 26.6 ms).
"Superframe (80 ms)"
A marker signal is generated every 80 ms (super frame clock).
"Even Second Mark (2 s)"
A marker signal is generated every 2 seconds.
"Chip Sequence Period (ARB)"
A marker signal is generated at the beginning of every Arbitrary
Waveform sequence (depending on the set sequence length). The
marker signal is generated regardless of whether an ARB component
is used.
"ON/OFF Period"
A regular marker signal that is defined by an ON/OFF ratio is generated. A period lasts one ON and OFF cycle.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:ONTime on page 95
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:OFFTime on page 95
"User Period"
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:PERiod on page 95
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:MODE on page 94
Marker x Delay
Delays the marker signal at the marker output relative to the signal generation start.
Variation of the parameter "Marker x Delay" causes signal recalculation.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:DELay on page 96
A marker signal is generated at the beginning of every user-defined
period. The period is defined in "Period".
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3.4 Clock settings
CDMA2000 configuration and settings
Global connectors settings
This tab provides access to the settings necessary to select and configure the clock
signal, like the clock source and clock mode.
This section focuses on the available settings.
For information on how these settings affect the signal, refer to section "Basics on ..."
in the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
► To access this dialog, select "Baseband > CDMA2000 > Clock".
This dialog comprises the settings required for configuring the clock signal.
Defining the clock
The provided clock signals are not dedicated to a particular connector. They can be
mapped to one or more User x connectors.
Use the Global connectors settings to configure the signal mapping, the polarity, the
trigger threshold, and the input impedance of the input connectors.
To route and enable a trigger signal, perform the following general steps:
●
Define the signal source, that is select the "Clock > Source".
●
Define the connector where the selected signal is provided.
Use the Global connectors settings.
Clock Source
Selects the clock source.
●
"Internal"
The instrument uses its internal clock reference.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:CLOCk:SOURce on page 96
3.5 Global connectors settings
Each of the "Trigger In", "Marker" and "Clock" dialogs and the "Trigger Marker Clock"
dialog provides a quick access to the related connector settings.
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