Rohde & Schwarz SFQ 2072.5501 User Manual

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Broadcasting Division

Operating Manual

TV TEST TRANSMITTER

SFQ

2072.5501...

Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany

2072.6489.12-11 1

Certificate No.: 970017

This is to certify that:

Equipment type Stock No. Designation

SFQ 2072.5501.02/.10/.20/.30 TV Test Transmitter SFQ-B2 2072.6108.02 Broadband-FM-Modulator SFQ-B3 2072.7379.02 2 FM-Subcarrier SFQ-B4 2072.7479.02 2 ADR-Subcarrier SFQ-B5 2072.7579.02/.03/.04 Noise Generator SFQ-B6 2072.7679.02/.03 Input Interface SFQ-B10 2072.6166.02 DVB-T Coder SFQ-B11 2072.6189.02/.03/.04 Fading Simulation SFQ-B12 2072.6220.02 ATSC/8VSB Coder SFQ-B13 2072.6243.02 ITU-T/J.83B Coder SFQ-B14 2072.6266.02 I/Q Output SFQ-B15 2072.5976.02 DVB-T/DVB-S Coder SFQ-B21 2081.9812.02 DVB-C Coder SFQ-B23 2072.5830.02 DVB-S/DSNG Coder

EC Certificate of Conformity

complies with the provisions of the Directive of the Council of the European Union on the approximation of the laws of the Member States

- relating to electrical equipment for use within defined voltage limits (73/23/EEC revised by 93/68/EEC)

- relating to electromagnetic compatibility (89/336/EEC revised by 91/263/EEC, 92/31/EEC, 93/68/EEC)

Conformity is proven by compliance with the following standards:

EN61010-1 : 1993 + A2 : 1995 EN55011 : 1998 + A1 : 1999 EN61326-1 : 1997 + A1 : 1998

For the assessment of electromagnetic compatibility, the limits of radio interference for Class B equipment as well as the immunity to interference for operation in controlled electromagnetic environments to EN61326/A1 have been used as a basis.

Affixing the EC conformity mark as from 1997

ROHDE & SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG Mühldorfstr. 15, D-81671 München

Munich, 2002-08-22 Central Quality Management FS-QZ / Becker

2072.5501.10 CE E-12

Safety Instructions

This unit has been designed and tested in accordance with the EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s plant in a condition fully complying with safety standards.

To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation, the user must observe all instructions and warnings given in this operating manual.

Safety-related symbols used on equipment and documentation from R&S:

Observe

operating

instructions

Weight

indication for

units >18 kg

PE terminal Ground

1. The unit may be used only in the operating conditions and positions specified by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise agreed, the following applies to R&S products:

IP degree of protection 2X, pollution severity 2 overvoltage category 2, only for indoor use, altitude max. 2000 m.

The unit may be operated only from supply networks fused with max. 16 A.

Unless specified otherwise in the data sheet, a tolerance of ±10% shall apply to the nominal voltage and of ±5% to the nominal frequency.

2. For measurements in circuits with voltages V > 30 V, suitable measures should be taken to avoid any hazards.

(using, for example, appropriate measuring equipment, fusing, current limiting, electrical separation, insulation).

3. If the unit is to be permanently wired, the PE terminal of the unit must first be connected to the PE conductor on site before any other c onnections are made. Installation and cabling of the unit to be performed only by qualified technical personnel.

4. For permanently installed units without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or similar protective devices, the supply circuit must be fused such as to provide suitable protection for the users and equipment.

5. Prior to switching on the unit, it must be ensured that the nominal voltage set on the unit matches the nominal voltage of the AC supply network.

If a different voltage is to be set, the power fuse of the unit may have to be changed accordingly.

6. Units of protection class I with disconnectible AC supply cable and appliance connector may be operated only from a power socket with earthing contact and with the PE conductor connected.

terminal

Danger!

Shock hazard

Warning!

Hot surfaces

Ground

7. It is not permissible to interrupt the PE conductor intentionally, neither in the incoming cable nor on the unit itself as this may cause the unit to become electrically hazardous.

Any extension lines or multiple socket outlets used must be checked for compliance with relevant safety standards at regular intervals.

8. If the unit has no power switch for disconnection from the AC supply, the plug of the connecting cable is regarded as the disconnecting device. In such cases it must be ensured that the power plug is easily reachable and accessible at all

rms

times (length of connecting cable approx. 2 m). Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing disconnection from the AC supply.

If units without power switches are integrated in racks or systems, a disconnecting device must be provided at system level.

9. Applicable local or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work performed.

Prior to performing any work on the unit or opening the unit, the latter must be disconnected from the supply network.

Any adjustments, replacements of parts, maintenance or repair may be carried out only by authorized R&S technical personnel.

Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant to safety (eg power switches, power transformers, fuses). A safety test must be performed after each replacement of parts relevant to safety.

(visual inspection, PE conductor test, insulationresistance, leakage-current measurement, functional test).

continued overleaf

Attention!

Electrostatic sensitive devices require

special care

095.1000 Sheet 17

Safety Instructions

10. Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment comply with IEC950 / EN60950.

11. Lithium batteries must not be exposed to high temperatures or fire.

Keep batteries away from children. If the battery is replaced improperly, there is

danger of explosion. Only replace the battery by R&S type (see spare part list).

Lithium batteries are suitable for environmentally-friendly disposal or specialized recycling. Dispose them into appropriate containers, only.

Do not short-circuit the battery.

12. Equipment returned or sent in for repair must be packed in the original packing or in packing with electrostatic and mechanical protection.

Electrostatics via the connectors may dam-

13.

age the equipment. For the safe handling and operation of the equipment, appropriate measures against electrostatics should be implemented.

14. The outside of the instrument is suitably cleaned using a soft, lint-free dustcloth. Never use solvents such as thinners, acetone and similar things, as they may damage the f ront panel labeling or plastic parts.

15. Any additional safety instructions given in this manual are also to be observed.

095.1000 Sheet 18

Kundeninformation zur Batterieverordnung (BattV)

Dieses Gerät enthält eine schadstoffhaltige Batterie. Diese darf nicht mit dem Hausmüll entsorgt werden.

Nach Ende der Lebensdauer darf die Entsorgung nur über eine Rohde&Schwarz-Kundendienststelle oder eine geeignete Sammelstelle erfolgen.

Safety Regulations for Batteries (according to BattV)

This equipment houses a battery containing harmful substances that must not be disposed of as normal household waste.

After its useful life, the battery may only be disposed o at a Rohde & Schwarz service center or at a suitable depot.

Consignes de sécurité pour batteries (selon BattV)

Cet appareil est équipé d'une pile comprenant des substances nocives. Ne jamais la jeter dans une poubelle pour ordures ménagéres. Une pile usagée doit uniquement être éliminée par un centre de service client de Rohde & Schwarz ou peut être collectée pour être traitée spécialement comme déchets dangereux.

PF 095.5140-0699

Verwendung von Patenten

Dieses Gerät enthält Technologie, die von Marconi Instruments LTD. unter den US Patenten 4609881 und 4870384 sowie unter den entsprechenden Patenten in Deutschland und anderswo zugelassen wurde.

Patent Information

This product contains technology licensed by Marconi Instruments LTD. under US patents 4609881 and 4870384 and under corresponding patents in Germany and elsewhere.

Exploitation de brevets

Ce produit contient de la technologie dont l'exploitation est autorisée par MARCONI INSTRUMENTS LTD. conformément aux brevets d'invention des Etats-Unis 4609881 et 4870384 ainsi que selon les brevets correspondants déposés en Allemagne et ailleurs.

1062.5502.11 S.1 D-3

SFQ

DIVIDER OVERVIEW

Preparation for Use

Manual Control

Remote Control

Maintenance

2072.6489.12 3 E-11

SFQ Table of contents

1 Preparation for Use ........................................................................... 1.1.1

1.1 Legend for Front and Rear View ................................................................................ 1.1.1

1.1.1 Front View ..................................................................................................................... 1.1.1

1.1.2 Rear View ...................................................................................................................... 1.1.4

1.1.2.1 Standard Pin Assignments ............................................................................................ 1.1.5

1.1.2.2 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-Z5 ...................................................................... 1.1.6

1.1.2.3 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B6 INPUT INTERFACE 2072.7679.02/03 ........ 1.1.7

1.1.2.4 Additional Pin Assignments with Option SFQ-B10 ........................................................ 1.1.8

1.1.2.5 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B14 IQ OUTPUT/INPUT 2072.6266.02 ............ 1.1.9

1.1.2.6 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B27 Impulsive Noise 2110.0407.02 ................ 1.1.10

1.1.2.7 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B2, -B3 and -B4 .............................................. 1.1.11

1.2 Putting into Operation ................................................................................................ 1.2.1

1.2.1 Positioning the Instrument ............................................................................................. 1.2.1

1.2.2 EMC Safety Precautions ............................................................................................... 1.2.1

1.3 Connecting the Instrument......................................................................................... 1.3.2

1.3.1 AC Supply Connection................................................................................................... 1.3.2

1.3.2 MPEG2 Signal Feed for Vector Modulation................................................................... 1.3.2

1.3.2.1 ASI Connector ............................................................................................................... 1.3.2

1.3.2.2 TS PARALLEL Connector ............................................................................................. 1.3.2

1.3.3 External I/O Signal Feed for Vector Modulation ............................................................ 1.3.3

1.3.4 10 MHz REF Input/Output ............................................................................................. 1.3.3

1.3.5 Feed-in of Analog Video/Sound Signals for FM Modulation .......................................... 1.3.4

1.3.5.1 VF Connector ................................................................................................................ 1.3.4

1.3.5.2 AF Connector, Front Panel............................................................................................ 1.3.4

1.3.5.3 AF Connectors, Rear Panel (for Additional Sound Subcarriers) ................................... 1.3.4

1.3.6 RF Connector ................................................................................................................ 1.3.4

1.3.7 External Monitor ............................................................................................................ 1.3.4

1.3.8 RS-232 Interface ........................................................................................................... 1.3.4

1.3.9 KEYBOARD Connector ................................................................................................. 1.3.4

1.3.10 Synchronization of SFQ Data Rate without Input Interface with External Clock ........... 1.3.5

1.4 Switching On ............................................................................................................... 1.4.7

1.4.1 Adjusting Screen Contrast and Brightness.................................................................... 1.4.7

1.4.2 Non-Volatile Memory ..................................................................................................... 1.4.7

1.5 Instrument Configurations ......................................................................................... 1.5.1

1.5.1 Model .02....................................................................................................................... 1.5.1

1.5.1.1 SFQ equipped with SFQ-B2, SFQ-B3, SFQ-B4 and SFQ-B6 ....................................... 1.5.2

1.5.1.2 SFQ equipped with SFQ-B5, SFQ-B6, SFQ-B11 model .02,

SFQ-B11 model .04 and coder option ........................................................................... 1.5.3

1.5.1.3 SFQ equipped with SFQ-B5, SFQ-B6, SFQ-B10, SFQ-B11 model .02,

SFQ-B11 model .04, SFQ-B12, SFQ-B13, SFQ-B15, SFQ-B21 and SFQ-B23............ 1.5.4

1.6 Options ......................................................................................................................... 1.6.1

2072.6489.12 1.1 E-11

Table of contents SFQ

2072.6489.12 1.2 E-11

SFQ Preparation for Use

1 Preparation for Use

The controls and indicators of the instrument are combined in separately arranged and colour-coded functional groups. A brief description of these functional groups is given in the f ollowing together with references to the chapter containing a detailed description.

Chapter 1 Preparation for Use is subdivided as follows:

• Legend for Front and Rear View Chapter 1.1

• Putting into Operation Chapter 1.2

• Connection Chapter 1.3

• Power Up Chapter 1.4

• Configuration Chapter 1.5

• Options Chapter 1.6

1.1 Legend for Front and Rear View

1.1.1 Front View

Fig. 1-1 Front view

POWER Switching on the SFQ

ON LED green; lights if SFQ is switched on STANDBY LED yellow; lights if SFQ is in standby mode FAN LED red; lights if fan is not running

DISPLAY

SFQ has an LCD display with CGA mode for menu display with a resolution of 640 x 200 pixels.

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.1

Preparation for Use SFQ

Fig. 1-2 Front View

MEMORY CARD

Memory to PCMCIA standard with 68-pin connector. Instrument settings can be stored on the MEMORY CARD and recalled.

F1 to F4 F1 shows the help menus

F2 shows in a menu all set values F3/F4 are function keys assigned varying functions.

Adjusting Screen Contrast and Brightness

IEEE 488

With IEEE-bus operation, the LOCAL key switches to local (front-panel) control unless this is inhibited by local lockout. Local lockout status is indicated by the LLO LED.

IEEE-bus operation is indicated by the REMOTE LED.

MONITOR Switchover key for LCD display/external monitor

MOD Modulation ON/OFF key RF RF ON/OFF key

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.2

SFQ Preparation for Use

Fig. 1-3 Front View

DATA Keyboard for numeric data entry. Entry is terminated

with the ENTER key.

MEM Operation of MEMORY CARD, memory management SETUP In the associated menu displayed on the screen INFO basic settings can be made, e.g. the definition of

interfaces.

CLEAR Reset of numeric entries.

Only SFQ with option SFQ-B2:

CURSOR KEYS

The CURSOR keys are provided for menu-guided operation and for stepwise variation of data variables.

An entry is terminated with the ENTER key.

RF OUT

RF N female connector, 50 Ω

Output and input (loopthrough filter) for the video signal (only available if option SFQ-B2 is fitted)

With internal 75 Ω termination the green LED lights.

M1/L Input M1 or left channel M2/R Input M2 or right channel

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.3

Preparation for Use SFQ

1.1.2 Rear View

Fig. 1-4 Rear View

AC SUPPLY CONNECTION

Power switch AC supply connector X1 100/120 V : IEC127-T3.15L / 250 V 220/230 V : IEC127-T1.6L / 250 V

Setting to the correct AC supply voltage is made automatically.

FAN 1

Sucks in cooling air

Note: The fan should not be covered up in order to avoid

overheating of the unit !

FAN 2

expels air.

Note: The fan should not be covered up in order to avoid

overheating of the unit!

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.4

SFQ Preparation for Use

1.1.2.1 Standard Pin Assignments

Fig. 1-5 Standard Pin Assignments

X 40 .1 I EXT, input for external I signals

.2 Q EXT, input for external Q signals MONITOR EXT X 18

Monitor connector, female

RS 232 X 17

RS-232 connector, female

IEC625/IEEE488 X 12

IEC/IEEE-bus connector, see chapter 3

X5 10 MHz REF, input / output

KEYB EXT An external keyboard allows for manual control of all

instrument functions . In addition, any alphanumeric entries can be made in appropriate menus.

X 60 Input TS PARALLEL

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.5

Preparation for Use SFQ

1.1.2.2 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-Z5

Fig. 1-6 SFQ-Z5

SFQ-Z5 Diversity Cable Set 2081.9158.02

X 30 .1 I-OUT, Output

.2 Q-OUT, Outut

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.6

SFQ Preparation for Use

1.1.2.3 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B6 INPUT INTERFACE 2072.7679.02/03

Fig. 1-7 SFQ-B6

SFQ-B6 INPUT INTERFACE 2072.7679.02/03

X 40

.3 With the INPUT INTERFACE option SFQ-B6 fitted, this connector is

used as a transport stream input for ASI. If option SFQ-B6 m odel 03 is fitted, this connector may also be used as an SMPTE310 input.

.4 If the INPUT INTERFACE option SFQ-B6 is fitted, this connector is

used as an input for the ASI EXT. CLOCK and SPI EXT. CLOCK

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.7

Preparation for Use SFQ

1.1.2.4 Additional Pin Assignments with Option SFQ-B10

Fig. 1-8 Additional Pin Assignments with Option SFQ-B10

X 61 Input TS PARALLEL AUX

for hierarchical coding to DVB-T (option SFQ-B16)

X 5 to X8 Note: Labelling for X6 to X8 depends on the option,

the labelling for option SFQ-B17 is shown here.

X6 BER ENABLE / IFFT SYNC OUT, input/output (option B17) X7 BER CLOCK, input (option SFQ-B17) X8 BER DATA , input (option SFQ-B17)

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.8

SFQ Preparation for Use

1.1.2.5 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B14 IQ OUTPUT/INPUT 2072.6266.02

Fig. 1-9 SFQ-B14

X 30 With option SFQ-B14 installed .1 I-OUT

.2 Q-OUT

.3 Q-IN

.4 I-IN

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.9

Preparation for Use SFQ

1.1.2.6 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B27 Impulsive Noise 2110.0407.02

Fig. 1-10 SFQ-B27

X 30 With option SFQ-B27 installed .1

.3 Noise Gate

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.10

SFQ Preparation for Use

Kap

1.1.2.7 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B2, -B3 and -B4

Fig. 1-11 SFQ-B2; -SFQ-B3; SFQ-B4

SFQ-B2 FM MODULATOR 2072.6108.02 SFQ-B3 FM SUBCARRIER 2072.7379.02 SFQ-B4 ADR SUBCARRIER 2072.7479.02

X 30 With option SFQ-B2 installed .1 SUBCARRIER EXT, input

.2 VIDEO 2, input

3. VIDEO 3, input

.4 FM EXT, input

X 5 to X8 X6 SYNC EXT, input

X7 X8 BASEBA ND, output

AF 5/6 AF connectors Note: AF connectors 3, 4, 5 and 6 are fitted but not connected

when option SFQ-B2 is installed. They are only required for options SFQ-B3 and SFQ-B4.

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.11

Preparation for Use SFQ

2072.5724.02 E-111.1.12

SFQ Putting into Operation

1.2 Putting into Operation

see also section 1.1, Legend for Front and Rear View

Prior to putting the instrument into operation make sure that

• the setting for the available AC supply voltage is correct (see section 1.3.1),

• signal levels applied to the inputs do not exceed permissible limits,

• the instrument is operated within the permissible temperature range (permissible ambient

temperature range +5°C to +45°C),

• the fan at the rear of the instrument is not obstructed (to prevent overheating of the unit),

• the outputs of the instrument are not overloaded or wrongly connected.

Warning:

Input voltages above permissible limits (see data sheet) may cause the instrument to be damaged.

1.2.1 Positioning the Instrument

The instrument is equipped with feet that can be folded out at the instrument front to f acilitate operation. To do so lift up the instrument at the front and swing down the feet.

The instrument is constructed so that its operating temperature remains sufficiently low even in continuous operation. When the unit is used as a benchtop make sure that the air vents are not obstructed to prevent the instrument being overheated - especially during continuous operation. Sufficient ventilation must also be ensured when the unit is rackmounted. .

1.2.2 EMC Safety Precautions

Warning:

To prevent electromagnetic interference the ins trument should be operated closed and with all screening covers fitted. Take the appropriate measures when calibrating the open instrument. Make sure that only suitable, screened IEC/IEEE-bus cables are used.

2072.5724.02 E-111.2.1

Putting into Operation SFQ

1.3 Connecting the Instrument

1.3.1 AC Supply Connection

The instrument m ay be operated at 90 V to 132 V and 180 V to 265 V AC at frequencies from 47 Hz to 440 Hz. The AC supply connector is at the rear of the unit. T he inst rument automatically sets its elf to the applied voltage by selecting one of the two permissible voltage ranges. Adjusting the instrum ent to a particular AC supply voltage is therefore not required.

When the instrum ent is switched off, an "O" is visible above the power switch which may be on for any period of time. The ins trument need only be switched off when it is to be c ompletely disconnected f rom the AC supply.

1.3.2 MPEG2 Signal Feed for Vector Modulation

1.3.2.1 ASI Connector

Connector for feeding in an external MPEG2 transport stream. If option SFQ-B6 INPUT INT ERFACE is installed, the connec tor X40.3 serves as a tr ansport stream input for ASI. If model 03 of option SFQ-B6 INPUT INTERFACE is fitted, connector X40.3 may also be used as an SMPTE310 input for certain modulation modes.

1.3.2.2 TS PARALLEL Connector

Connector for feeding in an external MPEG Transport Stream through TS PARALLEL.

If option SFQ-B6 INPUT INT ERFACE is installed, this connector serves as a transport stream input for SPI and TS PARALLEL.

2nd connector for feeding in a second external transport stream for hierarchical coding in DVB-T mode. (TS PARALLEL AUX or SPI AUX).

Depending on the model, there may be AF connectors in place of TS PARALLEL AUX connector.

2072.5724.02 E-111.3.2

SFQ Putting into Operation

1.3.3 Exter nal I / O Si gnal Feed for Vector Modulation

Feed-in through connectors X40.1 and X40.2.

X 40 .1 I EXT, input for external signals .2 Q EXT, input for external signals .3 If the option SFQ-B6 INPUT INTERFACE is installed, this connec tor

serves as a transport stream input for ASI.

.4 If the option SFQ-B6 INPUT INTERFACE is installed, this connec tor

serves as an external clock input for

EXT. CLOCK.

SI EXT. CLOCK and SPI

1.3.4 10 MHz REF Input/Output

X5: 10 MHz REF input or output.

X6 to X8 are system connectors and are wired and labelled according to the options fitted.

2072.5724.02 E-111.3.3

Putting into Operation SFQ

1.3.5 Feed-i n of Analog Video/Sound Signal s for FM Modulation

1.3.5.1 VF Connector

Connector VF (BNC) is a video input with a loopthrough filter. Either of the connectors can be used as an input or output. With an internal termination into 75 Ω the yellow LED lights. In this case the output of the loopthrough filter must not be terminated into 75 Ω.

The input level is 1 V pp. All modulator settings are calibrated to this input level.

1.3.5.2 AF Connector, Front Panel

The displayed frequency deviation applies to an AF input level of +9 dBm with preemphasis switched off.

The input impedance is >5 kΩ.

1.3.5.3 AF Connectors, Rear Panel (for Additional Sound Subcarriers)

AF connectors (only with option SFQ-B3 fitted), or CLK and DATA connectors (only with option SFQ-B4 fitted) labelled ADR CLK / ADR DATA.

1.3.6 RF Connector

The RF output provides signals between 0.3 MHz and 3.3 GHz. In the SETUP/PRESET menu, the units dBm, dBµV or mV c an be selec ted for RF LEVEL

entry.

1.3.7 External Monitor

Multisync VGA monitors with 32-kHz horizontal frequency are suitable for connection.

The display is of CGA resolution.

1.3.8 RS-232 Interface

For data transmission and remote control from a detached PC the two RS-232 connectors are to be linked by a cable.

1.3.9 KEYBOARD Connector

A standard PC keyboard may be connected to the 5-contact keyboard connector.

2072.5724.02 E-111.3.4

SFQ Putting into Operation

1.3.10 Synchronization of SFQ Data Rate without Input Interface with External Clock

Note:

This chapter is only relevant for units without INPUT INTERFACE. External synchronization is not required for units with input interface or can easily be

performed via connector X40.4 (ASI EXT CLOCK, SPI EXT CLOCK).

The data rate of MPEG2 transport stream packets can be given in different ways in SFQ:

1. The internal PRBS or NULL TS PACKETS are modulated and determ ine the clock and s ymbol rate.

The internal free-running VCO is used for clock generation. Free-running does however not imply high clock accuracy.

2. An ex ternal MPEG2 data stream synchronizes the whole SFQ clock hous ekeeping via the MPEG2

data input TS PARALLEL. Data clock and symbol clock are as accurate as the applied signal.

3. W ith its crystal-controlled clock, the INPUT INTERFACE deter mines the data rate and the symbol

rate of PRBS and NULL TS PACKETS.

It is often that neither an MPEG2 data stream nor the INPUT IN TERFACE is available. SFQ still has to guarantee the specified data and symbol rates for the internal PRBS and NULL TS PACKETS.

The solution is the synchronization of SFQ by means of an ex ternal sinewave generator providing the required accuracy. Such generators are always available in labs and service center s . R&S gener ators of this type are in all members of the R&S family SMX, in AFG and AFGU, ADS etc.

Preconditions

The firmware version of SFQ should be 1.04 or higher.

Preparation for Use

An adapter cable is to be connected to the TS PARALLEL input on the rear of SFQ accor ding to the following figure:

75 Ohm

iew of solder contacts

Fig. 1.3-1 Adapter Cable

2072.5724.02 E-111.3.5

Putting into Operation SFQ

The sync signal is applied to the adapter via the coaxial cable with BNC connector. T he outer conduc tor is soldered to pin 14 of the 25-pin connector and the inner conductor to pin 1 via a 75 Ω protective resistor. Two anti-parallel diodes ( 1N4448 or similar Si diodes) are provided between pin 1 and pin 14 and prevent too high input voltages.

A sinewave signal of the signal generator can now be applied to the clock input ( pin 1 c lock input, pin 14 is grounded) of the TS PARALLEL interface. The 8-bit wide MPEG2 TS data are missing.

Calculation of TS Data Rate Frequency

The frequency to be set for the desired TS data rate at the signal generator is to be c alculated. A byte of MPEG2 TS data is read by the TS PARALLEL interface with one clock of frequency f given in bit/sec. The frequency to be selected is therefore calculated as follows:

. The clock rate is

Generator

= fC / 8.

For a simulation of the cable clock rate of 38.152941 Mbit/sec the following has to be set: f

Generator

= 4.7691176 MHz

(Exact values were used. The normal accuracy is 38.15 Mbit/sec.)

Permissible Amplitude of Applied Sinewave

Now a sinewave of permissible am plitude needs to be applied via the adapter. Since the anti-parallel diodes limit the signal to approx. ±0.7 V the am plitude should be within the lim its 1.4 V <V

<3 V. A DC

voltage offset must not be available.

Further SFQ Settings

After SFQ has synchronized to the applied clock, the m essage FRMERR (Fram e Error) is displayed in the status bar field "I/Q Coder". This message signifies that a clock is being applied to the TS PARALLEL interface but that the MPEG2 TS data are invalid or not packetized and not provided with the SYNC WORD. W ith synchronism established following the measurement of the clock rate in the I/Q Coder menu and acceptance of the clock rate with F3 ACCEPT, NULL TS PACKET S can be selected as a modulation source. SFQ then generates and modulates T S packets in QAM or Q PSK with a valid sync word 47 hex using the data rate determined by the sinewave generator.

Circuit diagram

SMG, SMH ... SMT, SME...

Fig. 1.3-2 Circuit diagram

2072.5724.02 E-111.3.6

75 Ohm

2 x Si Diode

Adapter

SFQ

QAM/QPSK-modulated

NULL TS PACKETs

SFQ Putting into Operation

1.4 Switching On

The instrument is switched on by pressing the power switch at the rear and the POWER key at the front panel.

For a temporary switch-off, the STANDBY mode is selected by pressing the POWER key.

The red FAN LED lights if the fan is not active or defective.

1.4.1 Adjusting Screen Contrast and Brightness

The screen contrast is adjusted by means of the right control knob (2), the brightness with the left control (1) below the display.

1.4.2 Non-Volatile Memory

If the lithium battery on the controller board of the instrum ent is flat, settings c an no longer be stored in the non-volatile memory. To replace the battery refer to section 4.5.

2072.5724.02 E-111.4.7

Putting into Operation SFQ

2072.5724.02 E-111.4.8

SFQ Putting into Operation

1.5 Instrument Configurations

1.5.1 Model .02

A22

A11

B10

A27

A15

Slot: Module:

A15 AC SUPPLY .......................................

A26 MOTHERBOARD...............................

A10

A4 SYNTHESIZER..................................

A3 I/Q CONVERTER ...............................

A2 I/Q MODULATOR...............................

A1 CONTROLLER..............

A11 A13

A22 ATTENUATOR..............

B10 DC/AC CONVERTER....

A27 KEYBOARD ..................

CODER options

(a coder is always fitted)

SFQ-B10 DVB-T CODER 2072.6166.02 SFQ-B12 ATSC/8VSB CODER 2072.6220.02 SFQ-B13 ITU/J83B CODER 2072.6243.02 SFQ-B15 DVB-C/S CODER 2072.5976.02 SFQ-B21 DVB-C CODER 2081.9812.02 SFQ-B23 DVB-S CODER 2072.5830.02

Order No. of PCB:

1039.1510.00

2072.7004.04

1039.2330.02

1084.9300.04

1084.9800...

2008.0260.04

1008.7375.02

0840.5698.00

2008.0125.02

Fig. 1.5-1 Layout of modules

2072.5724.02 E-111.5.1

Putting into Operation SFQ

1.5.1.1 SFQ equipped with SFQ-B2, SFQ-B3, SFQ-B4 and SFQ-B6

A11

A15

Slot: Module:

A15 AC SUPPLY ...........................................

A26 MOTHERBOARD...................................

A10 CODER option

A9 SFQ-B3 FM sound subbcarriers .............

SFQ-B4 ADR sound subbcarriers...........

A8 SFQ-B3 FM sound subcarriers ...............

SFQ-B4ADR sound subcarriers..............

A7 SFQ-B2 FM sound subcarriers ...............

A6 SFQ-B2 baseband..................................

A5 SFQ-B2 BB-FM modulator noise. ...........

A4 SYNTHESIZER......................................

A3 I/Q CONVERTER ...................................

A2 I/Q MODULATOR...................................

A1 CONTROLLER.......................................

A11 SFQ-B6 INPUT INTERFACE..................

Order No. Of PCB:

1039.1510.00

2072.7004.04

2072.7379.02 or

2072.7479.02

2072.7379.02 or

2072.7479.02

2072.6108.02

1039.2330.02

1084.9300.04

1084.9800...

2008.0260.04

2072.7679.03

A27

Fig. 1.5-2 Layout of modules

2072.5724.02 E-111.5.2

A13 VIDEO SELECTOR................................

A22 ATTENUATOR.......................................

B10 DC/AC CONVERTER.............................

A27 KEYBOARD ...........................................

2008.0425.02

1008.7375.02

0840.5698.00

2008.0125.02

SFQ Putting into Operation

1.5.1.2 SFQ equipped with SFQ-B5, SFQ-B6, SFQ-B11 model .02, SFQ-B11 model .04 and coder option

A11

A15

Slot: Module:

A15 AC SUPPLY .............................................

A26 MOTHERBOARD .....................................

A10 CODER option

A7 SFQ-B11 FADING SIM. 7 to 12 ................

A6 SFQ-B11 FADING SIM. 1 to 6 ..................

A5 SFQ-B5 NOISE GENERATOR ...............

A4 SYNTHESIZER ......................................

A3 I/Q CONVERTER ...................................

A2 I/Q MODULATOR...................................

A1 CONTROLLER.......................................

A11 SFQ-B6 INPUT INTERFACE..................

Order No. of PCB:

1039.1510.00

2072.7004.04

2072.6189.04

2072.6189.02

2072.7579.03

1039.2330.02

1084.9300.04

1084.9800...

2008.0260.04

2072.7679.03

B10

Fig. 1.5-3 Layout of modules

2072.5724.02 E-111.5.3

A22 ATTENUATOR .......................................

B10 DC/AC CONVERTER.............................

A27 KEYBOARD ...........................................

1008.7375.02

0840.5698.00

2008.0125.02

Putting into Operation SFQ

1.5.1.3 SFQ equipped with SFQ-B5, SFQ-B6, SFQ-B10, SFQ-B11 model .02, SFQ-B11 model .04, SFQ-B12, SFQ-B13, SFQ-B15, SFQ-B21 and SFQ-B23

A11

Slot: Module:

A15 AC SUPPLY ..................................................

A26 MOTHERBOARD ..........................................

A10 SFQ-B10 DVB-T CODER ..............................

A9 SFQ-B12 ATSC/8VSB CODER .....................

A7 SFQ-B11 FADING SIM. 7 to 12 .....................

A6 SFQ-B11 FADING SIM. 1 to 6 .......................

A5 SFQ-B5 NOISE GEN. ...................................

A4 SYNTHESE ...................................................

A3 I/Q CONVERTER ..........................................

A2 I/Q MODULATOR..........................................

A1 CONTROLLER..............................................

SFQ-B13 ITU-T/J.83B CODER......................

SFQ-B15 DVB-C/S CODER 2072.5976.02 or SFQ-B21 DVB-C CODER 2081.9812.02 SFQ-B23 DVB-S CODER 2072.5830.02

Order No. of PCB:

1039.1510.00

2072.7004.04

2072.6166.02

2072.6220.02 or

2072.6243.02

2072.6189.04

2072.6189.02

2072.7579.03

1039.2330.02

1084.9300.04

1084.9800...

2008.0260.04

Fig. 1.5-4 Layout of modules

2072.5724.02 E-111.5.4

A11 SFQ-B6 INPUT INTERFACE.........................

A22 ATTENUATOR ..............................................

B10 DC/AC CONVERTER....................................

A27 KEYBOARD ..................................................

2072.7679.03

1008.7375.02

0840.5698.00

2008.0125.02

SFQ Putting into Operation

1.6 Options

Type Designation Order No. Display in SETUP/HW/ EQUIPMENT

SFQ-B5

SFQ-Z5

SFQ-B6

SFQ-B10

SFQ-B11

SFQ-B12

SFQ-B13

SFQ-B14 SFQ-B15 SFQ-B16 SFQ-B17

SFQ-B21

SFQ-B23

SFQ-B18

SFQ-B20

SFQ-B2

SFQ-B3 SFQ-B4

2072.7579.02

NOISE GENERATOR

Diversity Cable Set 2081.9158.02 CABLE **)

INPUT INTERFACE

DVB-T CODER 2972.6166.02 DVB-T CODER 2072.6895.02 FADING SIMULATOR

PATHS 1 to 6 FADING SIMULATOR PATHS 7 to 12

ATSC / 8VSB/J.83B 2072.6220.02

ITU-T J.83/B CODER 2072.6243.02

IQ OUTPUT/INPUT 2072.6266.02 CABLE DVB-C/DVB-S CODER 2072.5976.02 IQ CODER 2072.7204.02 DVB-T/HIER. CODING 2072.5976.02 BER MEASUREMENT 2072.7056.02

CODER DVB-C 2081.9812.02

CODER DVB-S 2072.5830.02

POWER SUPPLY UPGRADE 2072.7191.02

MEMORY EXPANSION 2072.6450.02

FM MODULATOR 2072.6108.02

FM SUBCARRIER 2072.7379.02 FM SUBCARRIER 2072.7304.02 ADR SUBCARRIER 2072.7479.02 ADR SUBCARRIER 2072.7404.02

2072.7579.03

2072.7579.04

2072.7679.02

2072.7679.03

2072.6189.02

2072.6189.04

NOISE GEN. NOISE GEN. II NOISE GEN. III

INPUT INTERFACE INPUT INTERFACE II

FADING SIMULATORor1085.4060.02

Enabling 8VSB/J.83B US CODER 2072.6937.02 Enabling J.83/B US CODER 2072.6932.02

SOFTWARE *) SOFTWARE *) Enabling DVB-C

C/S+ CODER 2081.9829.02 Enabling DVB-S C/S + CODER 2081.9829.02

-5 V BOARD POWER SUPPLY MEMORY CARD BIOS PROM BASEBAND FM SUBCARRIER VIDEO SELECTOR BB FM/NOISE GEN.

2072.7504.02

2081.9258.02

2072.7604.02

2081.9329.02

1114.9702.02

2081.9635.02

1039.1510.00

2072.6395.02

2072.6414.00

2072.7104.02

2072.7304.02

2008.0425.02

2072.7504.03

*) Retrofitting of hardware see SFQ-B10 **) Retrofitting of hardware see SFQ-B5

Installation of Options

For reasons of safety and quality (ISO9001), only adequately equipped Rohde & Schwarz service centers are allowed to install options that require the instrument to be opened or the calibration seal to be broken (examples: electrostatically safe workplace, necessary service tools, calibration facilities, etc). A new calibration seal must be affixed after the option has been installed. The Update CD describes the Options installation.

2072.5724.02 E-11.6.1

Putting into Operation SFQ

2072.5724.02 E-11.6.2

SFQ Table of contents Manual Control

2 Manual Control................................................................................... 2.1.1

2.1 Basic Operation ........................................................................................................... 2.1.1

2.1.1 Front Panel .................................................................................................................... 2.1.1

2.1.2 External Keyboard ......................................................................................................... 2.1.2

2.1.3 Switch-On Procedure .................................................................................................... 2.1.3

2.1.4 General Information....................................................................................................... 2.1.4

2.1.4.1 Menu Operation............................................................................................................. 2.1.4

2.1.4.2 Calibration ..................................................................................................................... 2.1.6

2.1.4.3 Software Update............................................................................................................ 2.1.8

2.1.4.4 Enabling Software Options ............................................................................................ 2.1.8

2.2 Menu Operation ........................................................................................................... 2.2.1

2.2.1 RF FREQUENCY Menu................................................................................................ 2.2.1

2.2.1.1 RF FREQUENCY .......................................................................................................... 2.2.1

2.2.1.2 RF FREQUENCY (with VSB Modulation)...................................................................... 2.2.3

2.2.2 RF LEVEL Menu........................................................................................................ 2.2.2.1

2.2.2.1 RF LEVEL................................................................................................................... 2.2.2.2

2.2.3 MODULATION Menu................................................................................................. 2.2.3.1

2.2.3.1 I/Q Vector Modulation................................................................................................. 2.2.3.3

2.2.3.1.1 Satellite....................................................................................................................... 2.2.3.5

2.2.3.1.2 DVB-S QPSK.............................................................................................................. 2.2.3.6

2.2.3.1.3 DVB-C QAM ............................................................................................................... 2.2.3.7

2.2.3.1.4 DVB-T COFDM........................................................................................................... 2.2.3.8

2.2.3.1.5 ITU-T J.83/B ............................................................................................................. 2.2.3.11

2.2.3.1.6 ATSC VSB................................................................................................................ 2.2.3.12

2.2.3.1.7 ISDB-T...................................................................................................................... 2.2.3.13

2.2.3.1.8 I/Q External............................................................................................................... 2.2.3.15

2.2.3.2 MODULATION FM ................................................................................................... 2.2.3.17

2.2.3.2.1 FM internal................................................................................................................ 2.2.3.17

2.2.3.2.2 FM EXTERNAL ........................................................................................................ 2.2.3.18

2.2.4 I/Q CODER Menu ......................................................................................................2.2.4.1

2.2.4.1 Satellite....................................................................................................................... 2.2.4.1

2.2.4.1.1 DVB-DSNG Coding .................................................................................................... 2.2.4.1

2.2.4.1.2 Description of Menu Items.......................................................................................... 2.2.4.3

2.2.4.1.3 Turbo Coding (Option SFQ-B25).............................................................................. 2.2.4.13

2.2.4.1.4 Description of Menu Items........................................................................................ 2.2.4.16

2.2.4.2 DVB-C QAM .............................................................................................................2.2.4.27

2.2.4.2.1 Coding ...................................................................................................................... 2.2.4.27

2.2.4.2.2 Description of Menu Items........................................................................................ 2.2.4.28

2.2.4.3 DVB-S and DVB-C ................................................................................................... 2.2.4.39

2.2.4.3.1 Coding ...................................................................................................................... 2.2.4.39

2.2.4.3.2 Menu description ...................................................................................................... 2.2.4.41

2.2.4.4 DVB-T CODER......................................................................................................... 2.2.4.49

2.2.4.4.1 Non-hierarchical Coding ........................................................................................... 2.2.4.49

2.2.4.4.2 Hierarchical Coding .................................................................................................. 2.2.4.53

2.2.4.4.3 Description of Menu Items for Non-Hierarchical Coding .......................................... 2.2.4.56

2.2.4.4.4 Description of Individual Menu Items with Hierarchical Coding............................... 2.2.4.68

2.2.4.5 ITU-T J.83/B ............................................................................................................. 2.2.4.75

2.2.4.5.1 Coding ...................................................................................................................... 2.2.4.75

2.2.4.5.2 Description of Menu Items........................................................................................ 2.2.4.79

2.2.4.6 ATSC 8VSB.............................................................................................................. 2.2.4.87

2.2.4.6.1 Coding ...................................................................................................................... 2.2.4.87

2.2.4.6.2 Description of Menu Items........................................................................................ 2.2.4.90

2.2.4.7 ISDB-T...................................................................................................................... 2.2.4.95

2.2.4.7.1 Overview................................................................................................................... 2.2.4.95

2.2.4.7.2 Characteristics of ISDB-T ......................................................................................... 2.2.4.95

2.2.4.7.3 Transmission Parameters ........................................................................................ 2.2.4.96

2.2.4.7.4 Terminology.............................................................................................................. 2.2.4.96

2072.6489.12 E-112.1

Table of contents Manual Control SFQ

2.2.4.7.5 Channel Coding........................................................................................................ 2.2.4.97

2.2.4.7.6 Modulation ................................................................................................................ 2.2.4.98

2.2.4.7.7 Description of Menu Items........................................................................................ 2.2.4.99

2.2.4.8 Input Interface......................................................................................................... 2.2.4.111

2.2.4.8.1 Structure of the MPEG-2 Transport Stream ........................................................... 2.2.4.111

2.2.4.8.2 Method of Operation of the Input Interface............................................................. 2.2.4.112

2.2.4.8.3 MPEG-2 Transport Stream Inputs.......................................................................... 2.2.4.112

2.2.4.8.4 Input for External Clock ..........................................................................................2.2.4.114

2.2.4.8.5 Partial Transport Streams ...................................................................................... 2.2.4.115

2.2.5 BASEBAND Menu..................................................................................................... 2.2.5.1

2.2.5.1 VIDEO ........................................................................................................................ 2.2.5.2

2.2.5.2 ENERGY DISPERSAL ...............................................................................................2.2.5.4

2.2.5.3 BASEBAND - SUBCARRIER FM ............................................................................... 2.2.5.5

2.2.5.4 BASEBAND - SUBCARRIER ADR............................................................................. 2.2.5.8

2.2.6 SPECIAL Menu.......................................................................................................... 2.2.6.1

2.2.6.1 SWEEP START/STOP Submenu .............................................................................. 2.2.6.1

2.2.6.2 SWEEP CENTER/SPAN............................................................................................ 2.2.6.2

2.2.6.3 BER submenu ............................................................................................................ 2.2.6.4

2.2.7 NOISE ........................................................................................................................ 2.2.7.1

2.2.7.1 Operation.................................................................................................................... 2.2.7.1

2.2.7.2 Impulsive Noise ..........................................................................................................2.2.7.4

2.2.7.3 Testing diversity receivers: ......................................................................................... 2.2.7.4

2.2.8 FADING...................................................................................................................... 2.2.8.1

2.2.8.1 FADING PARAMETER Submenu .............................................................................. 2.2.8.3

2.2.8.2 Special Level Conditions in Case of Fading ............................................................. 2.2.8.10

2.2.9 BER (Bit Error Ratio) Measurement........................................................................ 2.2.9.1

2.2.9.1 Inputs.......................................................................................................................... 2.2.9.1

2.2.9.1.1 Serial Input ................................................................................................................. 2.2.9.1

2.2.9.1.2 Parallel Input............................................................................................................... 2.2.9.1

2.2.9.2 Operating Menu.......................................................................................................... 2.2.9.2

2.2.9.2.1 BER MEASUREMENT: ON/OFF................................................................................ 2.2.9.2

2.2.9.2.2 BER: Display............................................................................................................... 2.2.9.3

2.2.9.2.3 BER INPUT: SERIAL/PARALLEL .............................................................................. 2.2.9.4

2.2.9.2.4 BER PRBS SEQUENCE: 2

2.2.9.3 Applications ................................................................................................................2.2.9.8

2.2.9.3.1 Application 1: BER Measurement Before Reed-Solomon Decoder ........................... 2.2.9.8

2.2.9.3.2 Application 2: BER Measurement After Demapper for DVB-T ................................. 2.2.9.11

2.2.10 HELP Menu.............................................................................................................. 2.2.10.1

2.2.11 STATUS Menu......................................................................................................... 2.2.11.1

2.2.11.1 Satellite (-B23).......................................................................................................... 2.2.11.1

2.2.11.2 DVB-C QAM (-B21) .................................................................................................. 2.2.11.3

2.2.11.3 DVB-S QPSK (-B15)................................................................................................. 2.2.11.4

2.2.11.4 DVB-C QAM (-B15) .................................................................................................. 2.2.11.5

2.2.11.5 DVB-T COFDM......................................................................................................... 2.2.11.6

2.2.11.6 ITU-T J.83/B ............................................................................................................. 2.2.11.8

2.2.11.7 ATSC VSB................................................................................................................ 2.2.11.9

2.2.11.8 ISDB-T.................................................................................................................... 2.2.11.10

2.2.11.9 IQ EXTERNAL........................................................................................................ 2.2.11.11

2.2.11.10 BASEBAND VIDEO................................................................................................ 2.2.11.11

2.2.11.11 BASEBAND SUBC. FM.......................................................................................... 2.2.11.12

2.2.11.12 BASEBAND SUBC. ADR .......................................................................................2.2.11.12

2.2.12 MEMORY Menu..................................................................................................... 2.2.12.13

2.2.12.1 Storage of Instrument Setups................................................................................. 2.2.12.13

2.2.12.2 Loading of Instrument Setups ................................................................................ 2.2.12.15

2.2.12.3 Special Functions ................................................................................................... 2.2.12.15

2.2.12.3.1 Formatting of MEMORY CARDS............................................................................ 2.2.12.15

2.2.12.3.2 Copying of Device-Specific Calibration Data.......................................................... 2.2.12.16

2.2.12.4 Software Update..................................................................................................... 2.2.12.17

-1 / 215-1........................................................................ 2.2.9.7

2072.6489.12 E-112.2

SFQ Table of contents Manual Control

2.2.12.4.1 Software Update with External MEMORY CARD................................................... 2.2.12.17

2.2.12.4.2 Software Update Via Serial Interface and Detached PC ........................................ 2.2.12.18

2.2.13 SETUP / INFO - Menu ...........................................................................................2.2.13.19

2.2.13.1 HARDWARE Submenu .......................................................................................... 2.2.13.19

2.2.13.1.1 Calibration .............................................................................................................. 2.2.13.21

2.2.13.2 INFO FIRMWARE Submenu.................................................................................. 2.2.13.22

2.2.13.3 TIME / DATE / CLOCK Submenu .......................................................................... 2.2.13.22

2.2.13.4 COMMUNICATION Submenu................................................................................ 2.2.13.23

2.2.13.5 PRESET Submenu................................................................................................. 2.2.13.23

2.2.13.6 CHANNEL TABLE Submenu.................................................................................. 2.2.13.25

2.2.13.7 SERVICE Submenu ............................................................................................... 2.2.13.26

2.2.13.7.1 Enabling Software Options ..................................................................................... 2.2.13.27

2.2.14 Special Keys .........................................................................................................2.2.14.28

Annex A Menu Tree.............................................................................................. A.1

A.1 RF FREQUENCY .............................................................................................................A.2

A.2 RF LEVEL ........................................................................................................................A.2

A.3 MODULATION .................................................................................................................A.3

A.3.1 DVB-S QPSK....................................................................................................................A.3

A.3.2 SATELLITE.......................................................................................................................A.4

A.3.3 DVB-C QAM .....................................................................................................................A.5

A.3.4 DVB-T COFDM.................................................................................................................A.6

A.3.5 ATSC VSB........................................................................................................................A.7

A.3.6 ITU-T J.83/B .....................................................................................................................A.8

A.3.7 ISDB-T BST-OFDM ..........................................................................................................A.9

A.3.8 EXTERNAL.....................................................................................................................A.10

A.4 I/Q CODER.....................................................................................................................A.11

A.4.1 DVB-S QPSK..................................................................................................................A.11

A.4.2 SATELLITE.....................................................................................................................A.12

A.4.3 DVB-C QAM (I/Q Coder) ................................................................................................A.13

A.4.4 DVB-C (CSPL Coder).....................................................................................................A.14

A.4.5 DVB-T COFDM...............................................................................................................A.15

A.4.6 ATSC VSB......................................................................................................................A.16

A.4.7 ITU-T J.83/B ...................................................................................................................A.17

A.4.8 ISDB-T BST-OFDM ........................................................................................................A.18

A.5 BASEBAND ...................................................................................................................A.20

A.6 SPECIAL ........................................................................................................................A.22

A.7 MEMORY .......................................................................................................................A.23

A.8 SETUP...............................................................................................................A.24 to A.27

Annex B Fading Parameter .................................................................................B.1

B.1 DVB-Profile......................................................................................................................B.1

B.1.1 Übersicht / Overview ........................................................................................................B.1

B.1.2 USER DEFINED 1-5.........................................................................................................B.2

B.1.3 EASY3 - MOTIVATE WG: EASY, 3 km/h ........................................................................B.3

B.1.4 0 dB ECHO - ETSI TR101 290: 0 dB ECHO, Tg/2=112us, 50 km/h................................B.4

B.1.5 FX ECHO - ETSI TR101 290: ECHO, FIXED RECEPTION ............................................B.5

B.1.6 PT ECHO - ETSI TR101 290: ECHO, PORTABLE RECEPTION....................................B.6

B.1.7 SFN ECHO - ETSI TR101 290: ECHO, DENSE SFN......................................................B.7

B.1.8 TU6 - ETSI TR101 290: TYPICAL URBAN, 50 km/h .......................................................B.8

B.1.9 RA6 - ETSI TR101 290: TYPICAL RURAL AREA, 100 km/h...........................................B.9

B.1.10 RC6 ANX B - EN300744: ANNEX B / RICE 6 PATH .....................................................B.10

B.1.11 RL6 ANX B - EN300744: ANNEX B / RAYLEIGH 6 PATH ............................................B.11

2072.6489.12 E-112.3

Table of contents Manual Control SFQ

B.1.12 RED HT100 - COST 207: REDUCED HILLY TERRAIN, 100 km/h ...............................B.12

B.1.13 ET50 - COST 207: EQUALIZATION TEST, 50 km/h.....................................................B.13

B.1.14 VALIDATE100 - VALIDATE: RECOMMENDATION, 100 km/h .....................................B.14

B.1.15 RED6 DVB-T - REDUCED DVB-T ANNEX B, 6 PATHS ...............................................B.15

B.1.16 RC12 ANX B - COST 207: ANNEX B / RICE 12 PATHS ...............................................B.16

B.1.17 RL12 ANX B - COST 207: ANNEX B / RAYLEIGH 12 PATHS ...................................... B.17

B.1.18 RED12 DVB-T - REDUCED DVB-T ANNEX B, 12 PATHS ...........................................B.18

B.1.19 TU3 12PATHS - COST 207: TYPICAL URBAN, 3 km/h, 12 PATHS.............................B.19

B.1.20 TU50 12PATHS - COST 207: TYPICAL URBAN, 50 km/h, 12 PATHS.........................B.20

B.1.21 HT100 12PATHS - COST 207: HILLY TERRAIN, 100 km/h, 12 PATHS.......................B.21

B.2 ATTC-Profile..................................................................................................................B.22

B.2.1 Übersicht / Overview ......................................................................................................B.22

B.2.2 A APP A - ATTC STATIC MULTIPATH APPENDEX A ENSEMBLE A..........................B.23

B.2.3 B APP A - ATTC STATIC MULTIPATH APPENDEX A ENSEMBLE B..........................B.24

B.2.4 C APP A - ATTC STATIC MULTIPATH APPENDEX A ENSEMBLE C .........................B.25

B.2.5 D APP A - ATTC STATIC MULTIPATH APPENDEX A ENSEMBLE D .........................B.26

B.2.6 E APP A - ATTC STATIC MULTIPATH APPENDEX A ENSEMBLE E..........................B.27

B.2.7 F APP A - ATTC STATIC MULTIPATH APPENDEX A ENSEMBLE F ..........................B.28

B.2.8 G APP A - ATTC STATIC MULTIPATH APPENDEX A ENSEMBLE G.........................B.29

B.2.9 15us APP B - ATTC ECHO REJECTION APPENDIX B 15us ECHO...........................B.30

B.2.10 1 APP C - ATTC RANDOM APPENDIX C ENSEMBLE 1..............................................B.31

B.2.11 2 APP C - ATTC RANDOM APPENDIX C ENSEMBLE 2..............................................B.32

B.2.12 3 APP C - ATTC RANDOM APPENDIX C ENSEMBLE 3..............................................B.33

Annex C SFQ - Z17 Common Interface TS OUT ................................................C.1

C.1 Counting of Pins (Front view of SFQ - Z17).................................................................C.1

C.2 Pin Assignment ..............................................................................................................C.2

C.2.1 Pin Assignment of 25-Contact Sub-D Connector on the Cable of SFQ-Z17....................C.4

2072.6489.12 E-112.4

SFQ Manual Control

2 Manual Control

2.1 Basic Operation

2.1.1 Front Panel

Operation of SFQ is started by selecting an opening menu with the cursor keys on the front panel and pressing ENTER for confirmation.

By means of these keys operating menus are called up where the required instrument settings can be made. Submenus are available in addition for more complex settings.

Fig. 2-1 Front panel

Menu items can be selected and parameters varied by means of

cursor keys and .

Numeric entries are confirmed with the ENTER key.

The currently displayed menu can be quit by pressing the MEM key or the

SETUP/INFO key which opens up the corresponding menus.

2072.5724.02 E-112.1.1

Manual Control SFQ

2.1.2 External Keyboard

Fig. 2-2 Keyboard

The instrument can also be operated from an external keyboard. Operating menus are called up in the same way as on the front panel by means of the cursor keys and the ENTER key. ESC and HOME cause a return to the previous menu or to the initial menu. Numerals are entered via the numeric keypad or varied by means of the cursor keys.

The functions of the SFQ front-panel keys correspond to those of an external keyboard with the following exceptions:

HOME

BACK

MEM

SETUP INFO

CLEAR

MOD

= +

MONITOR

IEEE488

2072.5724.02 E-112.1.2

= +

SFQ Manual Control

2.1.3 Switch-On Procedure

Upon switch-on a program is triggered for testing and initialization of the instrument. The program tests the hardware configuration and initializes the individual modules. Set parameters of the remote-control interface are displayed in bottom half of the screen. In the case of a fault, an error message is displayed with information on the defective unit.

Fig. 2-3 Startup menu

With the startup mask displayed, default values can be called up by means of key F2 = RESET. The menu for selecting individual parameters is opened. At the top of this menu a status field with the

main parameters is displayed. The selection fields for instrument settings are displayed below: FREQUENCY, RF LEVEL, MODULATION, I/Q CODER, BASEBAND and SPECIAL. These fields comprise areas for the display of important operating states. Selection of one of the setting fields opens up a submenu holding further parameters to be entered either in an EDIT window or selected from an additional list.

RF FREQUENCY RF LEVEL MODULATION I/Q CODER BASEBAND SPECIAL

Fig. 2-4 Menu selection fields

2072.5724.02 E-112.1.3

Manual Control SFQ

2.1.4 General Information

2.1.4.1 Menu Operation

Operating menus are in the form of pull-down menus. Subsequently opened menus do not cover up already opened menus so that the complete path is visible until its termination.

Selection within a menu or submenu is made by means of the cursor keys. The selected field is either marked by a dark background or an arrow. The selection is confirmed by means of the ENTER key which can assume four functions:

 Opening a submenu

 Selecting predefined parameters (toggle function)

 Switching to EDIT mode if an entry is necessary

 Returning to previous menu with the selected parameters or values entered in the EDIT mode being

retained.

In the EDIT mode, entries are made with the aid of the numeric keypad. Values can also be changed with the aid of the cursor keys, the tens digit being selected with the left/right cursor and the values being changed with the up/down cursor (repeat function). In the case of cursor entry the new values are checked for reliability (maximum/minimum) and usually set immediately in the instrument. In the case of numeric keypad entry the values are checked and accepted only after pressing the ENTER key. The following special keys are provided:

CLEAR: For correcting entries made in EDIT mode

BACK: Return to previous menu without retaining any changes/settings

HOME: Return to topmost menu level without acceptance of any changes/settings

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SFQ Manual Control

Fig. 2-5 Menu selection

Pressing the BACK key causes a return to the previous menu level.

Pressing the HOME key causes a return to the initial menu irrespective of how many submenus are open.

Further selection menus can be called up directly by pressing the MEM key,

SETUP/INFO and

STATUS (F2) provided the operator is not in an EDIT window.

Pressing HOME causes a return to the normal operating menu.

2072.5724.02 E-112.1.5

Manual Control SFQ

2.1.4.2 Calibration

SFQ features several internal calibrations in the SETUP-HARDWARE-CALIBRATING menu (see

2.2.13.1.1).

In addition to ALL, VCO SYNTHESIS, RF LEVEL, LEARN TABLE and NOISE ALL, calibration of I/Q modulator is possible in this menu:

I/Q Modulator:

This calibration is especially important since it serves for optimizing carrier leakage, I/Q imbalance and phase error.

The entire device, i.e. all coders, can be calibrated in the SETUP-HARDWARE-CALIBRATING menu (see 2.2.3.1.1).

The I/Q MODULATION calibration can also be performed after selecting the MODULATION menu with the F3 key (CAL I/Q ONCE). In this case, however, only the current device setting is calibrated, i.e. only the active coder with its current symbol rate. The advantage is a considerably shorter calibration time.

2072.5724.02 E-112.1.6

SFQ Manual Control

C/N calibration:

An internal calibration is provided with optional Noise Generator SFQ-B5 model 03. It can be carried out with the F3 key in the MODULATION-NOISE menu for the selected modulation mode.

Note: Calibration becomes necessary if the ambient temperature changes by more than 5°C.

Moreover, monthly calibration is recommended. Daily calibration is recommended where exacting requirements are placed on accuracy; for extremely critical measurements of high accuracy calibration should be performed immediately before the measurement after all parameters have been set.Allow for at least 1 hour warmup before carrying out a calibration.

Note: The " CAL failed! Check SETUP/HARDWARE/CAL " message is displayed in the bottom

left-hand corner of the SFQ screen, if one of the SFQ calibrations was not performed successfully. This message does not necessarily refer to the last calibration performed, e.g. noise.

2072.5724.02 E-112.1.7

Manual Control SFQ

2.1.4.3 Software Update

A software update can be made with the aid of a PC via the RS232 interface and a null modem cable (see chapter 2.2.12.3). A software update of a memory card can be started under MEM-SOFTWARE UPDATE (see 2.2.12.3).

2.1.4.4 Enabling Software Options

No extra hardware is required for certain options. These options can be enabled with a code, which depends on the serial number of the SFQ, in the menu SETUP-SERVICE-SOFTWARE OPTIONS (see

2.2.13.7.1.)

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SFQ Menu Operation

2.2 Menu Operation

2.2.1 RF FREQUENCY Menu

2.2.1.1 RF FREQUENCY

Note: When using VSB modulation mode see chapter 2.2.1.2

Fig. 2.2-1 RF FREQUENCY

FREQUENCY →→→→

The output frequency of the SFQ can be set in this menu. The output frequency is always set in [MHz]. The frequency can be entered by selecting FREQUENCY with the aid of the cursor keys and then

pressing the ENTER key or by entering a number. The user is now in the EDIT window where the frequency value can be entered directly via the numeric keypad. Upon pressing the ENTER key the entered value is confirmed and immediately set. It is also possible to change the frequency value in the EDIT window with the aid of the cursor keys. The new frequency value is set upon each stroke of the cursor key.

Frequencies between 0.300 and 3300.000 MHz can be set. In the setup menu, the accuracy of the frequency entry can be increased to 1 Hz (from .000 MHz to

.000000 MHz).

FREQUENCY SHIFT→→→→:

In this menu, the output frequency of SFQ can be assigned a shift. This modifies the frequency at the SFQ output connector. The frequency shift is always set in [MHz].

Frequencies between 1 Hz and 3300.000 MHz can be set. In the setup menu, the accuracy of the frequency entry can be increased to 1 Hz (from .000 MHz to

.000000 MHz).

CHANNEL →→→→

The frequency can be set indirectly by means of a channel table. In this case the channel number is entered directly or the channels are selected one after the other with the aid of the cursor keys. The channels of the selected table are used.

A table contains a maximum of 100 channels (1 to 100). Only channels to which a frequency has been assigned can be selected (see section 2.2.8, SETUP /

INFO Menu).

Note: The frequency tables can also be loaded via the RS232 or IEC/IEEE-bus interfaces (see

chapter 3.6).

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Menu Operation SFQ

CHANNEL TABLE

Fig. 2.2-2 CHANNEL TABLE

Here the channel table considered for the channel entry is selected. Either none or one of five available tables can chosen: USER1 to USER5, the name of the table being freely selectable (max. 6 characters). Tables may be prepared by the user in the SETUP menu and assigned a name.

Messages that may be displayed in the message window of the RF FREQUENCY menu:

Message Meaning Reason Remedy

REFEXT Information

NOREF Error

OOC Note

SHIFT Note The frequency was assigned a shift.

The external reference has been selected via SETUP-PRESET 10 MHz REFERENCE

The external reference selected via SETUP-PRESET-10 MHz REFERENCE is not available

Frequency shift caused by modified input clock since last symbol rate setting (only with ATSC and center frequency mode)

Connect reference signal to rear panel or switch to INTERNAL in SETUP-PRESET10 MHz REFERENCE.

Enter frequency again

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.2

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.1.2 RF FREQUENCY (with VSB Modulation)

Fig. 2.2-3 RF FREQUENCY (with VSB modulation)

In contrast to all other types of modulation of SFQ, there are up to three different ways of entering the output frequency of the spectrum in the ATSC modulation:

"PILOT FREQUENCY": The pilot frequency in the output spectrum determines the frequency of the output spectrum.

"ACTUAL CENTER": The current symbol rate of the modulator determines the center frequency of the output spectrum.

"NOMINAL CENTER": The standard-conforming symbol rate of 10.7622 Msymb/s determines the frequency of the output spectrum (this menu item is only offered if an external data clock determines the symbol rate of the modulator, i.e. for TS PARALLEL, ASI Ext. Clk, SPI Ext. Clk and SMPTE Ext. Clk).

The special feature of the ATSC signal which allows the output frequency to be specified by up to three different ways is based on the fact that the ATSC output spectrum is a vestigial sideband filtered, i.e. non-symmetrical, output signal which is superimposed by the unmodulated carrier signal (pilot).

There are applications where it is useful to fix the pilot frequency of the output spectrum, but in other cases it is of advantage to characterize the frequency of the output spectrum by its spectrum center.

Due to the vestigial sideband filtering of the output signal the center frequency can be calculated from the pilot frequency and the symbol rate, since the spectrum changes only on one side when the symbol rate of the modulator is modified. The selected center frequency is thus really "centered" only for the current symbol rate on entering the center frequency. When the symbol rate is modified (e.g. by resetting the symbol rate or by modifying the input bit rate in the modes with external clock), the output spectrum is shifted from the calculated center. The status message "out of center" (ooc) in the RF frequency status field or the message "out of center, please reenter frequency" on the right of the center frequency display indicates this case and queries a new entry or a new confirmation of the center frequency. The new symbol rate is taken into account for the calculation of the center frequency and the spectrum is again centered with respect to the displayed frequency.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3

Menu Operation SFQ

PILOT →→→→

In this menu the output pilot frequency of the ATSC spectrum can be set. The unit of the set frequency is always [MHz]. In this case, the pilot frequency does not depend on the symbol rate of the modulator since it corresponds to the unmodulated carrier signal.

The frequency can be entered by selecting FREQUENCY with the aid of the cursor keys and then pressing the ENTER key. The user is now in the EDIT window where the frequency value can be entered directly via the numeric keypad. Upon pressing the ENTER key the entered value is confirmed and immediately set. It is also possible to change the frequency value in the EDIT window with the aid of the cursor keys. The new frequency value is set upon each stroke of the cursor key. The frequencies entered in the ACTUAL CENTER and, if available, NOMINAL CENTER fields are updated and the indicated frequency is shown as PILOT FREQENCY in the top left field of the screen.

Frequencies between 0.300 and 3300.000 MHz can be set. In the setup menu, the accuracy of the frequency entry can be increased to 1 Hz (from .000 MHz to

.000000 MHz).

ACTUAL CENTER →→→→

In this menu the center frequency of the output spectrum is the reference for the frequency entry. Since the ATSC output spectrum is a non-symmetrical output signal (vestigial sideband filtering), the

center frequency depends on the set symbol rate. The center frequency of the output frequency can be determined from the pilot frequency using the following formula:

After setting of the frequency the message "calculated with actual symbol rate" is displayed to the right of the entered center frequency and indicates that the output spectrum is centered with respect to the entered frequency. The center frequency was calculated from the pilot frequency and the current symbol rate using the above symbol rate formula. At the time the entered frequency is confirmed and set, the current symbol rate is used to calculate the center frequency.

Therefore the message "calculated with actual symbol rate" is displayed to the right of the current center frequency.

If the symbol rate is varied after entering the center frequency, the center frequency of the output spectrum is also shifted.

If the entered center frequency is shifted out of the center due to varying the symbol rate, the message "out of center, please reenter frequency" is displayed to the right of the center frequency and "ooc" (out of center) in the RF frequency status field.

Only if a new entry is made and confirmed by ENTER the current symbol rate will be used for calculating the center frequency and the spectrum be centered again.

The Pilot and Nominal Center (if available) menu items are automatically adapted. Frequencies between 0.300 and 3300.000 MHz can be set. The indicated frequency is shown as PILOT FREQENCY in the top left field of the screen. In the setup menu the accuracy of the frequency entry can be increased to 1 Hz

(from .000 MHz to .000000 MHz).

center

= f

pilot

+ f

- f

symbol

/4 for the RF of the output spectrum (I/Q Normal)

/4 for the IF of the output spectrum (I/Q Changed)

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SFQ Menu Operation

Fig. 2.2-4 NOMINAL CENTER

NOMINAL CENTER →→→→

This frequency entry is offered only in the modes in which an external clock determines the symbol rate of the modulator during data feed. These modes are TS PARALLEL, ASI Ext. Clk, SPI Ext. Clk and SMPTE Ext. Clk.

When the data rate of the transport stream source is modified in TS PARALLEL or if the clock is modified in ASI Ext. Clk, SPI Ext. Clk and SMPTE Ext. Clk, a linear modification of the symbol rate and thus of the bandwidth is obtained. The non-symmetrical spectrum is shifted from its set center position.

In contrast to the ACTUAL CENTER mode, in which the current symbol rate is used for the calculation of the center frequency of the output spectrum, SFQ computes the output frequency independently using always the standard symbol rate of 10.7622 Msymb/s.

The formula is as follows: f

This means that the output spectrum is centered with respect to the set data rate only if the input data rate yields the standard symbol rate.

With this type of frequency entry the pilot can be inserted in the channel to the standard by entering the center frequency of the desired channel. At the standard symbol rate, the spectrum is centered with respect to the channel, the pilot frequency, however, is standard-conforming in any case independently of the symbol rate.

If the current symbol rate deviates from the nominal symbol rate, "ooc" (out of center) is signalled after confirmation of the input frequency in the RF status field. This can be identified by the fact that the display of the current center frequency (calculated) deviates from the entered nominal frequency.

center

= f

+10.7622 Msymb/s/4 for the RF of the output spectrum (I/Q Normal)

pilot

-10.7622 Msymb/s /4 for the IF of the output spectrum (I/Q Changed)

pilot

FREQUENCY SHIFT→→→→:

In this menu, the output frequency of SFQ can be assigned a shift. This modifies the frequency at the SFQ output connector. The frequency shift is always set in [MHz].

Frequencies between 1 Hz and 3300.000 MHz can be set. In the setup menu, the accuracy of the frequency entry can be increased to 1 Hz

(from .000 MHz to .000000 MHz).

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.5

Menu Operation SFQ

Fig. 2.2-5 CHANNEL

CHANNEL→→→→

A table contains a maximum of 100 channels (1 to 100).

Note: The pilot frequencies of the ATSC output spectrum shall be entered into the channel tables.

Only channels that have been assigned a frequency can be selected (see chapter 2.2.13 SETUP / INFO Menu).

CHANNEL TABLE

Fig. 2.2-6 CHANNEL TABLE

The frequencies entered into the channel tables are pilot frequencies. Therefore, the frequency display always changes to the pilot frequency when a channel is selected, irrespective of the previously entered frequency (e.g. actual center).

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.6

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.2 RF LEVEL Menu

Fig.: 2.2.2-1 RF LEVEL Menu

In the RF LEVEL menu the parameters:

RF LEVEL

RF LEVEL SHIFT

RF FADING POWER

RF LEVEL MODE

RF ALC MODE

can be selected and set.

RF FADING POWER only is displayed, if SETUP/INFO-PRESET-FADING-POWER is set to MAIN and Fading is switched on.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.2.1

Menu Operation SFQ

2.2.2.1 RF LEVEL

RF LEVEL →→→→

When RF LEVEL is selected, the new level can be set in the EDIT window by means of the numeric keypad and pressing the ENTER key.

It is also possible to place the cursor in the EDIT window on a digit of the currently set level and to vary the value using the up and down keys. The level change is immediately effected.

Note: The level unit dBm, dBµV or mV is preselected in the SETUP menu.

The RF OFF status is indicated in the selection field below RF LEVEL.

RF LEVEL SHIFT

Fig.: 2.2.2-2 RF LEVEL SHIFT

The SFQ allows the user to enter the level shift for a subsequent attenuator/amplifier, if any, in the RF LEVEL SHIFT menu. The entered SHIFT value modifies the RF output signal (N connector on SFQ). This modification is not taken into account in RF LEVEL. RF LEVEL indicates the level after the attenuator or after the amplifier.

RF FADING POWER

Fig.: 2.2.2-3 RF FADING POWER

RF FADING POWER only is displayed, if SETUP/INFO-PRESET-FADING-POWER is set to MAIN and Fading is switched on.

The RF level displayed in the main screen is the level of the main path (Path with lowest Path Loss). The sum power of all paths involved in the output signal is displayed as RF FADING POWER.

A C/N setting refers the RF level displayed in the main screen therefore the main path.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.2.2

SFQ Menu Operation

RF LEVEL MODE

Fig.: 2.2.2-4 RF LEVEL MODE

With RF LEVEL MODE selected, switchover between the NORMAL and CONTINUOUS operating modes is possible by means of the ENTER key.

NORMAL

In the NORMAL mode the RF level is set by means of an internal attenuator and electronic setting circuits. Attenuator setting is in 5-dB steps.

CONTINUOUS (uninterrupted level setting)

In the CONTINUOUS mode, the RF LEVEL is set without a break in a 15-dB range. Electronic setting is used instead of the switching attenuator. The current RF LEVEL can be set to a starting value by means of key F3 = SET 0 dB from which the RF level can be reduced.

With the aid of key F4 = SET -7.5 dB the RF LEVEL can be set to the center of the CONTINUOUS LEVEL range (- 7.5 dB).

Note: With ALC switched off, RF ALC OFF MODE should be set to TABLE to avoid switch-offs in

the case of level calibration.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.2.3

Menu Operation SFQ

RF ALC MODE (switching internal ALC on/off)

Fig.: 2.2.2-5 RF ALC MODE

In the RF ALC MODE menu ALC can be switched off for certain applications. With CW and FM, ALC is normally switched on. Thus the best level accuracy to be obtained. For vector and digital modulation ALC has to be switched off. In this case a selection can be made between SAMPLE & HOLD and TABLE.

In the SAMPLE & HOLD mode the level is recalibrated after each level and frequency setting. To do so the CW mode is selected for a brief period, ALC is switched on and the level control element is set to the value obtained. With the noise generator switched on, the SAMPLE & HOLD mode cannot be selected. An RF LEVEL error is thus prevented. When this calibration is disturbing, the TABLE mode can be selected (level control voltage selected from a table). In this mode, level correction values are taken from a table each time the frequency or level is changed. The table can be regenerated with the aid of the LEARN TABLE function without additional measuring instruments being required.

ALC is preset to AUTO. In this mode level control is automatically adapted to the operating conditions. For certain applications ALC can be fixed to the OFF or ON condition. OFF (level control off) should be selected when the intermodulation suppression is to be improved in the CW mode. ON (level control on) should be selected in case of vector or digital modulation with constant envelope.

Fig.: 2.2.2-6 ALC MODE Warning

With vector modulation (DVB, ATSC VSB, IQ EXT) a warning is displayed if the RF ALC MODE is switched ON.

In this case RF LEVEL and NOISE are not calibrated.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.2.4

SFQ Menu Operation

Menu items:

RF ALC MODE

OFF Internal level control switched off. ON Internal level control permanently switched on. AUTO Normal mode. Level control is automatically adapted to operating

conditions.

RF ALC OFF MODE

SAMPLE&HOLD Level recalibration in the ALC OFF mode after each level or

frequency change.

TABLE Correction values for level setting are taken from a table in the ALC

OFF mode.

RF ALC SEARCH ONCE-> Brief manual switch-on of level control for level calibration in the ALC

OFF and SAMPLE & HOLD modes.

RF ALC LEARN TABLE -> Regeneration of correction values for function ALC OFF MODE -

TABLE (level control voltage taken from table).

Note: A new ALC table should only be generated after a settling time of approx. 1 hour as well as

in case of a change of the ambient temperature (>5 Kelvin).

The RF output signal is switched on and off with the RF ON / OFF key. This has no effect on the current menu. When the output signal is switched off RF OFF is displayed in the RF LEVEL window. The off state is signalled in addition by an LED.

Resetting the overload protection

SFQ is protected against overloading through an externally applied RF signal. If the external signal is

too high the overload protection responds. This status is signalled by RF OFF displayed in the status line of the RF LEVEL selection window and by an LED.

The overload protection can be reset by pressing the RF ON /OFF key.

The RF output of SFQ is also protected against external DC by a DC BLOCK up to 50 V.

Messages that may be displayed in the message window of the RF LEVEL menu:

Message Meaning Reason Remedy

MODIFY Warning

OFF Information

SHIFT Information RF LEVEL SHIFT has been entered.

RF ALC MODE has not been set to AUTO.

Output level has been switched off via RF OFF key.

Set RF ALC MODE to AUTO.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.2.5

Menu Operation SFQ

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.2.6

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.3 MODULATION Menu

Fig.: 2.2.3-1 MODULATION Menu

In the SFQ the following types of modulation can be selected:

Vector modulation: DVB-S QPSK or Satellite

DVB-C QAM DVB-T COFDM ITU-T J.83/B ATSC VSB I/Q EXTERNAL

Frequency modulation: FM

FM EXTERNAL

Fig.: 2.2.3-2 CS+ coder menu

"SATELLITE" in the first line of the modulation menu indicates that the CS+ coder is fitted (for the previous coder, i.e. the CS coder, the term "DVB-S" would be indicated instead).

Same as its predecessor (the CS coder), the CS+ coder meets the hardware requirements of the DVB-C standard (EN 300 429) and the DVB-S standard (EN 300 421). In addition, the DSNG (digital satellite news gathering) standard (EN 301 210) is implemented in the CS+ coder and, very importantly, the CS+ coder is ready for the implementation of turbo codes for satellite transmission.

To select a desired modulation standard, the corresponding software option must be enabled. The software enable function will be found in the SETUP menu under SERVICE - SOFTWARE OPTIONS.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.1

Menu Operation SFQ

[MOD ON/OFF] key

The different types of modulation can be switched directly by means of the [MOD ON/OFF] key or via the modulation menus. Modulation off is indicated by OFF in the status line in the MODULATION selection window and also by an LED.

Messages that may be displayed in the message window of the MODULATION menu:

Message Meaning Reason Remedy

MODIFY Warning

OFF Information Modulation has been switched off via the function key

I/Q has been set to CHANGED or a value other than zero has been entered for I/Q PHASE ERROR, CARRIER SUPPRESSION or I/Q AMPL.IMBALANCE

or:

A fading profile of modified standard or a USERDEFINED fading profile has been selected.

on the front panel or switched to CW via MODULATION-xx-CW/MODULATION.

Reset values

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.2

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.3.1 I/Q Vector Modulation

In the vector modulation modes the modulation signals for complex RF carrier modulation are applied by the I and Q inputs of the vector modulator.

Example: Vector modulation

The amplitude and phase of the RF-carrier can be modified in this way. More complex modulations as described in the following chapter are easy to generate in this way.

External modulation signals

In the I/Q EXTERNAL mode the modulation signals are applied via the rear I and Q inputs.

Vector modulation:

The sum vector of

corresponds to the displayed RF level. To avoid overdriving of the I/Q modulator, the sum vector should not exceed 0.5 V for digital modulation with an AM component, e.g. QPSK and QAM.

Note: The selectable autocalibration of the I/Q modulator allows accurate and reproducible

What effects carrier suppression, I/Q amplitude imbalance and phase errors have on vector modulation are shown in the following graphics.

Parameter tuning ranges:

V+=.

measurements to be made. The calibration routine should be called up before measurements or after temperature variations of more than 5 degrees. The routine is called up in the SETUP-HARDWARE CALIBRATION menu.

Parameter Tuning range Resolution

Carrier suppression 0 to 50 % 0.1 %

Phase error -10 to +10 ° 0.1 °

Ampl. imbalance -25 to +25 % 0.1 %

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.3

Menu Operation SFQ

Effect of detuning:

CARRIER SUPPRESSION

AMPL. IMBALANCE

PHASE ERROR

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.4

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.3.1.1 Satellite

Fig.: 2.2.3-3 Satellite

The SATELLITE menu comprises the following items and submenus:

CONSTELLATION:

DVB-S QPSK

Transmission is in line with Standard EN 300 421 and the QPSK mode of Standard EN 301 210 (DSNG).

DVB-S 8PSK

Transmission is in line with the 8PSK mode of Standard EN 301 210 (DSNG).

DVB-S 16QAM

Transmission is in line with the 16QAM mode of Standard EN 301 210 (DSNG).

The CS+ coder is ready for the implementation of further transmission methods, e.g. such using turbo codes.

Any other settings concerning channel coding can be made in the I/Q CODER menu. The menu items in the I/Q CODER menu may differ depending on the option selected under CONSTELLATION.

I/Q:

NORMAL

The I/Q data streams are not interchanged, i.e. the SFQ output spectrum is in the normal (non-inverted) position.

CHANGED

The I/Q data streams are interchanged, i.e. the SFQ output spectrum is inverted.

I/Q PHASE ERROR

Value of phase error

I/Q CARRIER SUPPRESSION

Value of carrier leakage

I/Q AMPL. IMBALANCE

Value of amplitude imbalance of I and Q vectors

NOISE

Input menu for setting a defined C/N (carrier-to-noise) value, see section 2.2.7.

FADING

Input menu for switching on/off the fading simulator and selecting the desired set of fading parameters. See section 2.2.8.

CW/MODULATION:

• MOD. - The output signal is modulated.

• CW - The output signal is a pure sinusoidal carrier (continuous wave).

All other settings related to channel coding can be made in the I/Q CODER menu.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.5

Menu Operation SFQ

2.2.3.1.2 DVB-S QPSK

Fig.: 2.2.3-4 DVB-S QPSK

Menu items:

DVB-S QPSK

I/Q NORMAL CHANGED Selection of normal or changed I/Q modulation. Change of I and Q

signals causes the modulation sidebands to be inverted.

I/Q NORMAL Normal I/Q modulation I/Q CHANGED I and Q signals changed

I/Q PHASE ERROR →→→→ Entry of phase error

CARRIER SUPPRESSION →→→→ Entry of carrier leakage

I/Q AMPL. IMBALANCE →→→→ Entry for unequal modulation of I and Q vectors.

NOISE Entry for setting a defined C/N (carrier-to-noise) value, see section 2.2.7

CW / MODULATION Switchover between modulated output signal and sinewave carrier.

All other settings related to channel coding can be made in the I/Q CODER menu.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.6

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.3.1.3 DVB-C QAM

Fig.: 2.2.3-5 DVB-C QAM

If DVB-C QAM is selected, transmission is to Standard EN 300 429. The MODULATION menu is the same for the CS+ coder and the CS coder (whereas the I/Q CODER menu differs for the two coders).

The DVB-C QAM menu comprises the following items and submenus:

QAM:

• 16 - Data are transmitted with 16 QAM.

• 32 - Data are transmitted with 32 QAM.

• 64 - Data are transmitted with 64 QAM.

• 128 - Data are transmitted with 128 QAM.

• 256 - Data are transmitted with 256 QAM.

Any other settings concerning channel coding can be made in the I/Q CODER menu.

I/Q:

• NORMAL

The I/Q data streams are not interchanged, i.e. the SFQ output spectrum is in the normal (non-inverted) position.

• CHANGED

The I/Q data streams are interchanged, i.e. the SFQ output spectrum is inverted.

I/Q PHASE ERROR:

Value of phase error

I/Q CARRIER SUPPRESSION:

Value of carrier leakage

I/Q AMPL. IMBALANCE:

Value of amplitude imbalance of I and Q vectors

NOISE:

Input menu for setting a defined C/N (carrier-to-noise) value, see section 2.2.7.

FADING:

Input menu for switching on/off the fading simulator and selecting the desired set of fading parameters (see section 2.2.8).

CW/MODULATION:

• MOD - The output signal is modulated.

• CW - The output signal is a pure sinusoidal carrier (continuous wave).

All other settings related to channel coding can be made in the I/Q CODER menu.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.7

Menu Operation SFQ

2.2.3.1.4 DVB-T COFDM

Fig.: 2.2.3-6 DVB-T COFDM

Menu items:

DVB-T COFDM

CONSTELLATION The type of modulation of the data carrier with COFDM can be selected

under this menu item. It is also possible to select whether coding is to be performed non-hierarchically or whether two input data streams are coded hierarchically.

Hierarchical coding is an option. If the option is not fitted, the corresponding menu items are displayed in italics.

With non-hierarchical coding used, data carriers may be QPSK-, 16 QAM- or 64 QAM-modulated.

With hierarchical transmission used, only 16 QAM and 64 QAM are possible modulation methods. But the alpha factor can be selected:

alpha = 1 signifies that all points in a constellation diagram are equally spaced from each other.

alpha = 2 signifies that the quadrants are spaced twice as large as the points within a quadrant.

alpha = 4 signifies that the quadrants are spaced four times as large as the points within a quadrant.

All other settings that might refer to channel coding can be performed under menu item I/Q CODER.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.8

SFQ Menu Operation

Fig.: 2.2.3-7 CONSTELLATION

Menu items:

Non-hierarchical coding with an input data stream:

• QPSK

• 16 QAM

• 64 QAM

Hierarchical coding with two input data streams:

• 16 QAM with alpha = 1

• 64 QAM with alpha = 1

• 16 QAM with alpha = 2

• 64 QAM with alpha = 2

• 16 QAM with alpha = 4

• 64 QAM with alpha = 4

The constellation selected is always indicated in the header line. If hierarchical coding has been selected, this is also shown in the header line by indication of the alpha value. Constellation and coding fully meet the requirements stipulated in the ETS 300 744 specification.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.9

Menu Operation SFQ

Fig.: 2.2.3-8 CONSTELLATION

The following can also be set:

I/Q NORMAL CHANGED Selection between normal and changed I/Q control. The modulation

sidebands are inverted by swapping the I and Q signals.

I/Q NORMAL I/Q control is normal (normal position of spectrum).

I/Q CHANGED I and Q signals are swapped. This means an inverted position of the

spectrum.

I/Q PHASE ERROR →→→→ Entry of phase error

(see

2.2.3.1).

CARRIER SUPPRESSION →→→→ Entry of carrier leakage

(see

2.2.3.1).

I/Q AMPL. IMBALANCE →→→→ Entry for unequal modulation of I and Q vectors

(see

2.2.3.1).

NOISE Menu for setting a defined C/N value (carrier to noise), for switch-on/off

of noise generator and input of receiver bandwidth (see 2.2.7).

FADING Menu for activation and deactivation of fading simulator. A predefined

fading profile can also be selected in this menu (see 2.2.8).

CW / MODULATION Switchover between modulated output signal and sinewave carrier. The

effective power of the output signal remains constant.

All other settings related to channel coding can be performed under menu item I/Q CODER.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.10

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.3.1.5 ITU-T J.83/B

Fig.: 2.2.3-9 ITU-T J.83/B

Menu items:

J.83/B QAM

QAM Selection between 64 QAM and 256 QAM.

I/Q NORMAL CHANGED Selection of normal or changed I/Q modulation. Changing the I and Q

signals inverts the modulation sidebands.

I/Q NORMAL Normal I/Q modulation.

I/Q CHANGED I and Q signals are changed.

I/Q PHASE ERROR →→→→ Entry of phase error with I/Q modulation in degrees

(see 2.2.3.1).

CARRIER SUPPRESSION →→→→ Entry of carrier leakage in %

(see 2.2.3.1).

I/Q AMPL. IMBALANCE →→→→ Entry of unequal modulation of I and Q vectors

(see 2.2.3.1).

NOISE Entry for setting a defined C/N (carrier-to-noise) value (see 2.2.7).

FADING Switching the fading simulator on or off and selecting the fading

parameter set to be sent (see 2.2.8).

CW / MODULATION Switchover between modulated output signal and sinewave carrier.

All other settings related to channel coding can be made in the I/Q CODER menu.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.11

Menu Operation SFQ

2.2.3.1.6 ATSC VSB

Fig.: 2.2.3-10 ATSC VSB

Menu items:

ATSC VSB

VSB LEVEL 8VSB is supported only.

I/Q NORMAL CHANGED Selection of normal and changed I/Q signal. By changing the I and Q

signal, the modulation side band will invert.

I/Q NORMAL The I and Q signals are normal (normal frequency position).

I/Q CHANGED The I and Q signals are changed. This means a reverse frequency

position.

I/Q PHASE ERROR →→→→ Entry of phase error with I/Q modulation in degrees

(see 2.2.3.1).

CARRIER SUPPRESSION →→→→ Entry of carrier leakage in %

(see 2.2.3.1).

I/Q AMPL. IMBALANCE →→→→ Entry of unequal modulation of I and Q vectors

(see 2.2.3.1).

NOISE Entry for setting a defined C/N value see 2.2.7.

FADING Switch fading simulator on or off and select fading parameter set to be

sent (see 2.2.8).

CW / MODULATION Switchover between modulated output signal and sinewave carrier.

All other settings related to channel coding can be performed under menu item I/Q CODER.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.12

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.3.1.7 ISDB-T

Fig.: 2.2.3-11 Modulation menu

The ISDB-T coder can be selected in the modulation menu. In this menu, layer assignment is performed, i.e. the assignment of the type of transmission, the constellation and the number of segments.

The following items can also be set in this menu:

I/Q

I/Q PHASE ERROR

CARRIER SUPPRESSION

I/Q AMPL. IMBALANCE

NOISE

FADING

CW/MODULATION

Switchover between normal and changed I/Q control. The modulation sidebands (the frequency axis) are inverted when the I and Q signals are interchanged.

NORMAL: Normal position of the spectrum

CHANGED: Inverted position of the spectrum

Entry of phase error (see section 2.2.3.1).

Entry of residual carrier (see section 2.2.3.1).

Entry of the amplitude imbalance of the I/Q vector (see section 2.2.3.1).

Menu for operating the noise generator (see section 2.2.7).

Menu for operating the fading simulator (see section 2.2.8).

Switchover between modulated output signal and sinusoidal carrier. The rms power of the output signal remains constant.

For the assignment of the type of transmission, there are only seven possible combinations that are offered in a menu. The short form PART stands for Partial Reception Portion, the short form DIFF for Differential Modulation Portion and the short form COHE for Coherent Modulation Portion.

The following rules apply to the assignment of the type of transmission:

• There can only be one partial reception portion and it can be placed on layer A only.

• If there is a coherent modulation portion on a layer there can be only one coherent modulation

portion on the following layer.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.13

Menu Operation SFQ

The following combinations result from this:

Fig.: 2.2.3-12 Assignment of the type of transmission

Four different constellations are available: DQSPK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. Not every constellation can be used for each type of transmission. The table below shows the possible combinations:

Type of transmission Constellation

Partial Reception DQPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Differential Modulation DQPSK Coherent Modulation QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Table 2.2.3-1 Assignment of the type of transmission

Caution: The constellation is automatically switched if the type of transmission is

changed and the selected constellation is not permissible in the new type of transmission.

Fig.: 2.2.3-13 Possible constellations

The ISDB-T spectrum consists of 13 (OFDM) segments. In the Layer Assignment menu each of the three layers can be assigned the desired number of segments. The operating software always keeps the sum of the number of segments at 13.

A layer can be deactivated by assigning it zero segments. Layer A cannot be deactivated and layer B can only be deactivated if layer C is deactivated. Layer C can only be activated if layer B is activated.

If the type of transmission Partial Reception is selected it is always on layer A which can be assigned exactly one segment.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.14

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.3.1.8 I/Q External

Fig.: 2.2.3-14 I/Q External

In the I/Q EXTERNAL mode, external signals can be applied for a complex modulation of the RF-carrier in the modulation I (X40.1) and Q (X40.2) input.

Menu items:

I/Q EXTERNAL

I/Q INPUT SIGNAL Entry menu for selecting the input signal for the I/Q external mode.

Fig.: 2.2.3-15 I/Q EXTERNAL I/Q INPUT SIGNAL

NOMINAL (0.0 dB) The display of the output level and the set C/N ratio are correct if the

nominal input level 0.5 V correction).

DVB-T FROM SFQ (6.5 dB) The display of the output level and the set C/N ratio is correct if another

SFQ providing the DVB-T I and Q baseband signals delivers the input signal for the external I/Q connectors. The correction is 6.5 dB here, i.e. the applied signal level of the DVB-T I/Q baseband signal is 6.5 dB lower than the nominal level. This is taken into account in the display of the output level and in the calculation of the C/N ratio. The maximum output level is reduced by the correction factor in this case. Application: test of DVB-T diversity receivers.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.15

is applied to the external I/Q connectors. (no

Menu Operation SFQ

EDIT CORRECTION Input of correction values in the range of 0.00 to 40.00 dB. The

correction value refers to the output level and the C/N ratio. The signal level of the applied I/Q baseband signals should not exceed the nominal input level of 0.5 V only a small level can be applied (and so a positive correction factor can be entered). The maximum output level is reduced by the correction factor in this case.

I/Q NORMAL CHANGED Selection of normal or changed I/Q modulation. Change of I and Q

signals causes the modulation sidebands to be inverted.

I/Q NORMAL Normal I/Q modulation

I/Q CHANGED I and Q signals changed

I/Q PHASE ERROR →→→→ Entry of phase error

CARRIER SUPPRESSION →→→→ Entry of carrier leakage

I/Q AMPL. IMBALANCE →→→→ Entry for unequal modulation of I and Q vectors.

, otherwise the modulator may be overdriven. Thus,

NOISE Entry for setting a defined C/N (carrier-to-noise) value, see section

2.2.7.

FADING Switch-on/off of fading simulator and selection of fading parameter set

to be sent, see 2.2.8.

CW / MODULATION Switchover between modulated output signal and sinewave carrier.

Notes: The BNC inputs for the I and Q signals are at the rear of SFQ (X40.1 = I, X40.2 = Q). The

input impedance is 50 Ω, the nominal voltage for external vector modulation at the I/Q inputs Vpp = 0.5 V.

External broadband AM is possible via the I input. The input sensitivity is 0.25 V for 100% AM.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.16

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.3.2 MODULATION FM

2.2.3.2.1 FM internal

For satellite transmission, frequency-modulated TV signals of the TV standards PAL, SECAM and NTSC are generated by SFQ in the FM mode. The modulation signal is a baseband signal which consists of a video signal and one or several sound subcarriers transmitted in the ranch of 5.0 to

9.0 MHz

The video signal is limited to 5 MHz in a group-delay-corrected lowpass filter. For frequency-modulated satellite transmission, each emission must have an energy dispersal. The generated energy dispersal signal, which is a triangular voltage synchronized with the 25 Hz field-repetition frequency (NTSC 30 Hz), is superimposed upon the baseband signal.

If the video is switched off or fails, the energy dispersal deviation is automatically doubled. The video deviation and the sound subcarrier deviations provide the sum deviation displayed in the menu bar under ΣΣΣΣ DEVIATION. The energy dispersal deviation is not considered in the display.

The sound subcarriers are analog frequency-modulated or digitally processed according to the ASTRA specifications. Two sound carriers are processed in a FM SUBCARRIER or ADR SUBCARRIER module. An internal DSP generates the AUDIO frequencies for the analog FM. The ADR subcarrier is generated with a built-in MUSICAM generator.

Menu items :

Fig.: 2.2.3-16 MODULATION FM

FM The modulation settings are made in the BASEBAND.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.17

Menu Operation SFQ

2.2.3.2.2 FM EXTERNAL

Fig.: 2.2.3-17 FM EXTERNAL

FM EXTERNAL →→→→ The menu is opened after selection of FM EXTERNAL and pressing the ENTER

key.

SOURCE The input connector X30.4 for FM EXT is located at the rear of the SFQ.

ON /OFF The input for the externally applied frequency can be activated and deactivated.

DEVIATION A value between 1 to 40 MHz can be entered for the frequency deviation. The

input level at connector X30.4 is always 1 V

DEVIATION + / - The direction of deviation can be changed.

NOISE This menu item will be described in the following section.

INPUT IMPEDANCE

COUPLING Under this item the input impedance can be selected:

50 Ω, 75 Ω and high-impedance 10 kΩ.

for the entered deviation.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.3.18

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.4 I/Q CODER Menu

2.2.4.1 Satellite

2.2.4.1.1 DVB-DSNG Coding

Coding and error protection are in line with the European Standard EN 300 421 DVB (digital video broadcasting), "Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services".

Scrambler and sync byte inversion:

The incoming MPEG-2 transport stream is scrambled except for the sync word. The scrambler is initialized every eighth transport frame (one MPEG-2 transport frame corresponds to 188 bytes) at the time the sync word appears. The sync word is inverted at the same time (0x47 0xB8), i.e. likewise every eighth frame. This indicates, at the receiver end, the start of a scrambling sequence. Scrambling is performed to distribute energy evenly across the spectrum even with a uniform data structure present at the input.

Reed-Solomon encoder:

After scrambling, conversion of the data rate takes place. For 188 incoming bytes, the Reed-Solomon encoder (204, 188, t = 8) generates 16 additional bytes, which are appended to the 188 bytes. This means that 188 bytes are input to, and 204 bytes output by, the Reed-Solomon encoder per unit of time. The Reed-Solomon decoder at the receiver end is capable of correcting up to eight errored bytes for each frame.

Convolutional interleaver:

Reed-Solomon encoding is followed by a convolutional interleaver with a depth of l = 12 and a basic delay of M = 17. The convolutional interleaver processes the data stream byte by byte. The sync word is always transmitted in the "0" path, i.e. without delay. The deinterleaver at the receiving end operates in synchronism with the interleaver at the transmitter end. Its design is exactly reversed, however, so that identical delay is obtained for each of the 12 paths.

Convolutional encoder and puncturing with DVB-S QPSK:

In the case of DVB-S QPSK, the convolutional interleaver is followed by a convolutional encoder with a constraint length of K = 7 and a code rate of 1/2, i.e. the convolutional encoder has the effect of doubling the data rate.

Next, the data stream is punctured (i.e. data are omitted) in accordance with the puncturing rule (which is dependent on the code rate of the convolutional encoder), and mapped into the I and Q paths. The standard provides for code rates 1/2 (not punctured), 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and 7/8.

With QPSK modulation, each of the four constellation points carries 2 bits.

"Pragmatic" trellis coding with DVB-S 8PSK and DVB-S 16QAM:

"Pragmatic" trellis coding is used with DVB-S 8PSK and DVB-S 16QAM transmission. In trellis coding there is a coded and a non-coded path. The non-coded path is mapped into the non-coded bits in the constellation diagram in accordance with the mapping table (code rate). The bits of the coded path, after undergoing convolutional encoding and puncturing, are mapped into the coded bits in the constellation diagram.

• For DVB-S 8PSK, the code rates 2/3, 5/6 and 8/9 are provided.

• For DVB-S 16QAM, the code rates 3/4 and 7/8 are provided.

• With 8PSK modulation, each of the eight constellation points carries 3 bits.

• With 16QAM modulation, each of the 16 constellation points carries 4 bits.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.1

Menu Operation SFQ

Baseband filtering:

In digital transmission, the I and Q baseband signals are pulse-shaped by filtering. As a result, the spectrum is limited and maximum eye aperture is obtained at the sampling points during demodulation.

With DVB-S QPSK, square root raised cosine filtering with a roll-off factor α = 0.35 is used.

With DVB-S 8PSK and DVB-S 16QAM, roll-off factors of α = 0.35 and α = 0.25 are employed.

MPEG2 TS

FIFO

Scrambler + sync byte

inversion

Reed-Solomon encoder

(204, 188, t=8)

Convolutional interleaver

l=7, M=17

Convolutional encoder + puncturing

Baseband filtering D/A converter Lowpass filter

Null PRBS packet gen.

Null TS packet gen.

PRBS 215 - 1 223 - 1 (CCITT O.151)

Fig. 2.2.4-1 DVB-S QPSK channel coding

MPEG2 TS

FIFO

Null PRBS Packet Gen.

Null TS Packet Gen.

Scrambler + Sync. Byte

Inversion

Reed Solomon Encoder

(204, 188, t=8)

Convolutional Interleaver

l=7, M=17

PRBS 2^15 - 1 2^23 - 1 (CCITT O.151)

Fig. 2.2.4-2 DVB-S 8PSK and DVB-S 16QAM channel coding

"Pragmatic" Trellis Coder

Basebandfiltering D/A Converter Lowpassfiltering

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.2

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.4.1.2 Description of Menu Items

INPUT SELECT

Fig. 2.2.4-3 INPUT SELECT menu

INPUT SELECT:

In this menu, the input interface for the MPEG2 transport stream can be selected. This is, however, possible only if the optional INPUT INTERFACE 2 is fitted.

If the optional INPUT INTERFACE 2 is not fitted, only the TS PARALLEL input interface can be selected.

If the optional INPUT INTERFACE 2 is fitted, all interfaces offered by the menu are available.

TS PARALLEL:

This is a synchronous parallel MPEG-2 interface with LVDS (low voltage differential signalling). It is described in EN 50 083-9.

The interface is implemented as a 25-contact D-Sub connector labelled "TS PARALLEL" on the rear of the unit.

TS PARALLEL does not change the input transport stream. It must, therefore, be ensured that the transport stream applied to SFQ has exactly the displayed (calculated) input data rate. Deviations from this nominal data rate must not exceed ±50 ppm. If a deviation exceeds 50 ppm, the warning "WR CLK" (wrong clock) is output in the I/Q CODER field of the menu bar. The guaranteed pull-in range of the VCXO is exceeded, and overflow or underflow of the FIFO must be expected. If the clock frequency is too high or too low so that the pull-in range is actually exceeded, the warning "UNFLOW" (underflow) or "OVFLOW" (overflow) is output.

SPI:

This is a synchronous parallel MPEG-2 interface with LVDS signalling. It is described in EN 50 083-9. The "TS PARALLEL" connector is used. The SPI interface changes the MPEG-2 input transport stream. The incoming null packets (PID =

0x1FFF) are removed, and new null packets are inserted to attain the required data rate. This data rate is calculated from the selected constellation and other transmission parameters, displayed, and automatically generated by INPUT INTERFACE 2.

The inserted null packets are NULL PRBS PACKETS, see under MODE. A correction of the PCR values is performed. The incoming USEFUL DATA RATE must be lower than the calculated MAX. USEFUL DATA RATE,

otherwise the FIFO will overflow.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.3

Menu Operation SFQ

ASI:

This is an asynchronous serial interface implemented by the "ASI" BNC connector on the rear panel. It is described in EN 50 083-9.

The ASI interface changes the MPEG2 input transport stream. The incoming null packets (PID = 0x1FFF) are removed, and new null packets are inserted to attain the required data rate. This data rate is calculated from the selected constellation and other transmission parameters, displayed, and automatically generated by INPUT INTERFACE 2.

The inserted null packets are NULL PRBS PACKETS, see under MODE. A correction of the PCR values is performed.

The incoming USEFUL DATA RATE must be lower than the calculated MAX. USEFUL DATA RATE, otherwise the FIFO will overflow. The ASI interface can handle an MPEG-2 date rate (useful data) of max. 216 Mbit/s.

SPI EXT. CLOCK:

This is a synchronous parallel MPEG-2 interface with LVDS signalling. The "TS PARALLEL" connector is used.

The SPI EXT. CLOCK interface changes the MPEG-2 input transport stream. The incoming null packets (PID = 0x1FFF) are removed. The required data rate is determined by the frequency of the clock fed to the "TS CLOCK EXT" connector on the rear of the unit. If required, new null packets are inserted to attain the required data rate.

The clock fed to the "TS CLOCK EXT" connector must not deviate from the calculated data rate by more than ±50 ppm. If the deviation exceeds 50 ppm, the warning "WR CLK" (wrong clock) is output in the I/Q CODER field of the menu bar. The guaranteed pull-in range of the VCXO is exceeded, and overflow or underflow of the FIFO must be expected. If the clock frequency is too high or too low so that the pull-in range is actually exceeded, the warning "UNFLOW" (underflow) or "OVFLOW" (overflow) is output.

In the SETUP - PRESET menu, it can be selected whether the bit clock or the byte clock is to be applied to "TS CLOCK EXT".

The inserted null packets are NULL PRBS PACKETS, see under MODE. A correction of the PCR values is performed. The incoming USEFUL DATA RATE must be lower than the calculated MAX. USEFUL DATA RATE,

otherwise the FIFO will overflow.

ASI EXT. CLOCK:

This is an asynchronous serial interface implemented by the "ASI" BNC connector on the rear panel. The ASI EXT. CLOCK interface changes the MPEG-2 input transport stream. The incoming null packets

(PID = 0x1FFF) are removed. The required data rate is determined by the frequency of the clock fed to the "TS CLOCK EXT" connector on the rear of the unit. If required, new null packets are inserted to attain the required data rate.

The clock fed to the "TS CLOCK EXT" connector must not deviate from the calculated data rate by more than ±50 ppm. If the deviation exceeds 50 ppm, the warning "WR CLK" (wrong clock) is output in the I/Q CODER field of the menu bar. The guaranteed pull-in range of the VCXO may be exceeded, and overflow or underflow of the FIFO must be expected. If the clock frequency is too high or too low so that the pull-in range is actually exceeded, the warning "UNFLOW" (underflow) or "OVFLOW" (overflow) is output.

In the SETUP - PRESET menu, it can be selected whether the bit clock or the byte clock is to be applied to "TS CLOCK EXT".

The inserted null packets are NULL PRBS PACKETS, see under MODE. A correction of the PCR values is performed. The incoming USEFUL DATA RATE must be lower than the calculated MAX. USEFUL DATA RATE,

otherwise the FIFO will overflow.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.4

SFQ Menu Operation

INPUT DATA RATE

Fig. 2.2.4-4 INPUT DATA RATE

INPUT DATA RATE:

The input data rate is a measured quantity displayed in the "MEASURE" field. The measured input data rate is displayed only if the optional INPUT INTERFACE 2 is fitted. If, under INPUT SELECT, the TS PARALLEL input interface is selected, the nominal data rate (data rate

expected at the input) is displayed in the "EDIT/(INFO)" field. The actual input data rate must not differ from the nominal data rate by more than ±50 ppm.

The following relationship applies to the input data rate and the output symbol rate, also depending on further parameters:

DR_IN_BIT = SR * (PL / 204) * CR * q

where: DR_IN_BIT = input data rate in [Mbit/s] SR = symbol rate in [Msymb/s] PL = packet length [188, 204] CR = code rate [1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, 8/9] q = number of bits per symbol [2, 3, 4] assigned as follows:

Constellation Bits/symbol (q)

QPSK 2

8PSK 3

16QAM 4

USEFUL DATA RATE:

In the "MEASURE" field, the measured USEFUL DATA RATE is displayed. This is the input data rate after removal of the null packets.

The input data stream is changed by the ASI, SPI, ASI EXT. CLOCK and SPI EXT. CLOCK input interfaces, i.e. the null packets are removed. The relevant data rate, therefore, is the USEFUL DATA RATE. New null packets are added to the signal with the useful data rate to attain the required data rate.

The incoming, measured USEFUL DATA RATE must be lower than the calculated MAX. USEFUL DATA RATE displayed in the "EDIT/(INFO)" field.

The measured useful data rate is displayed only if the optional INPUT INTERFACE 2 is fitted.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.5

Menu Operation SFQ

SYMBOL RATE:

Symbol rates from 0.1 Msymb/s to 80 Msymb/s can be set independently of the other transmission parameters.

The symbol rate remains constant if other parameters – for example the code rate – are changed.

Frequency accuracy of symbol rate:

Data transmission (MODE = DATA):

- The frequency accuracy of the symbol rate is determined by the external MPEG2 generator if

TS PARALLEL is selected as an input interface (under INPUT SELECT).

- The frequency accuracy of the symbol rate is determined by INPUT INTERFACE 2 if ASI or SPI is

selected as an input interface (under INPUT SELECT).

- The frequency accuracy of the symbol rate is determined by an external clock (fed to TS CLOCK

EXT) if ASI EXT. CLOCK or SPI EXT. CLOCK is selected as an input interface (under INPUT SELECT).

Internally generated signals (MODE = NULL TS PACKET, NULL PRBS PACKET, PRBS):

- The frequency accuracy of the symbol rate is determined by the reference frequency selected in the I/Q CODER - SPECIAL - PLL (INT. SIG.) menu.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.6

SFQ Menu Operation

MODE

Fig. 2.2.4-5 MODE

MODE:

Under MODE, one of several operating modes can be selected.

DATA:

An externally applied MPEG-2 transport stream is processed and transmitted. If no MPEG-2 transport stream is present, the test transmitter detects the absence of data and automatically switches to PRBS BEFORE CONV. to ensure uniform spectral distribution of the signal. When data are detected at the input again, the test transmitter resumes processing of the external data stream.

NULL TS PACKET:

The internal coder generates null packets with the PID "0x1FFF" and the payload "0x00". The header of the null packets comprises four bytes as follows: 0x47, 0x1F, 0xFF, 0x10 The header is followed by the 184-byte payload.

NULL PRBS PACKET:

The internal coder generates null packets with the PID "0x1FFF". As a payload, a continuous PRBS (pseudo random bit sequence) is transmitted. The PRBS is transmitted byte by byte, following the DVB principle of "MSB first". A PRBS sequence of 2

- 1 or 215 - 1 (to CCITT O.151) can be selected in the

SETUP - PRESET - PRBS SEQUENCE menu.

PRBS BEFORE CONV.:

A PRBS sequence is inserted directly before the convolutional encoder. A PRBS sequence of 2

- 1 (to CCITT O.151) can be selected in the SETUP - PRESET - PRBS SEQUENCE menu.

- 1 or

Note: The internal NULL TS PACKET and NULL PRBS PACKET signals are valid MPEG2

transport streams. Because these signals are internally generated, no settling time (as a function of the fullness of the FIFO) is required. Any changes to transmission parameters (for example to the symbol rate) necessitating a change of the input data rate are, therefore, completed faster. If in doubt which one of the internally generated MPEG2 signals to choose, the NULL PRBS PACKET signal is the preferable choice because it provides a more uniform spectral distribution of energy.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.7

Menu Operation SFQ

CODE RATE

CODE RATE for MODULATION - CONSTELLATION = DVB-S QPSK

Fig. 2.2.4-6 CODE RATE for MODULATION - CONSTELLATION = DVB-S 8PSK

Fig. 2.2.4-7 CODE RATE for MODULATION - CONSTELLATION = DVB-S 16QAM

Fig. 2.2.4-8 CODE RATE for MODULATION - CONSTELLATION = DVB-S 16QAM

CODE RATE:

For DVB-S QPSK, the following code rates are selectable: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8 For DVB-S 8PSK, the following code rates are selectable: 2/3, 5/6, 8/9 For DVB-S 16QAM, the following code rates are selectable: 3/4, 7/8

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.8

SFQ Menu Operation

ROLL OFF

Fig. 2.2.4-9 ROLL OFF

ROLL OFF:

The following roll-off factors can be selected for square root raised cosine filtering:

0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45

For DVB-S QPSK, the standard provides for a roll-off factor α = 0.35.

For DVB-S 8PSK and DVB-S 16QAM, the standard provides for a roll-off factor α = 0.25 or α = 0.35.

SPECIAL

Fig. 2.2.4-10 SPECIAL

SPECIAL:

PACKET LENGTH:

The transport stream fed to the test transmitter normally has a frame length (packet length) of 188 bytes. The frame length can be changed to 204 bytes. The last 16 bytes of each frame are overwritten by the Reed-Solomon encoder. If the actual frame length of the input data stream does not match the packet length set for the coder, the error message "FRM ERR" (frame error) is output in the I/Q CODER field of the menu bar.

The DVALID signal at the TS PARALLEL or SPI input is not evaluated.

SCRAMBLER:

The scrambling function, i.e. energy dispersal, can be switched off. Sync word inversion (0x47 0xB8) in the first of each eight frames of an MPEG2 transport stream is continued, however.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.9

Menu Operation SFQ

SYNC. BYTE INV:

Sync word inversion (0x47 can be switched off.

REED SOLOMON:

The Reed-Solomon encoder can be switched off. The first 188 bytes of a transport stream are transmitted unchanged, same as with the Reed-Solomon encoder switched on.

For input transport streams with 188 byte frame length, 16 bytes are appended to each frame. If the Reed-Solomon encoder is switched on, the 16 bytes are read from the Reed-Solomon encoder; if it is switched off, the 16 bytes are not defined.

For PACKET LENGTH = 204, the frame length is 204 bytes. If the Reed-Solomon encoder is switched on, the last 16 bytes are overwritten; if it is switched off, the 204 bytes remain unchanged.

For data streams already Reed-Solomon coded, scrambling and sync word inversion must be performed in line with the standard before the data streams are applied to the test transmitter input.

For such data streams, the scrambling function, sync word inversion and Reed-Solomon encoding must be switched off and the packet length set to 204 bytes.

CONV. INTERL.

The convolutional interleaver can be switched off. The incoming data are then routed on unchanged.

0xB8) in the first of each eight frames of an MPEG-2 transport stream

PLL (DATA):

Fig. 2.2.4-11 PLL (DATA)

For data transmission, i.e. if MODE = DATA is selected, the symbol rate must be matched to the input data rate to avoid any overflow or underflow of the input FIFO of the coder. The pull-in range of the VCXO is ±50 ppm. The signals and clock rates determining the frequency accuracy of the symbol rate are described in section SYMBOL RATE.

For data transmission, the symbol clock can be controlled in two ways: FIFO LEVEL: the symbol clock is controlled so that the FIFO is on average half filled. This is the

recommended setting. TS CLOCK: the input transport stream clock as well as the oscillator clock are divided to give two

integer figures. If TS CLOCK is selected, the warning "MODIFY" is output in the I/Q CODER field of the menu bar.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.10

SFQ Menu Operation

PLL (INT. SIG.):

Fig. 2.2.4-12 PLL(INT.SIG.)

With internal signals, i.e. with MODE = NULL TS PACKET, NULL PRBS PACKET or PRBS BEFORE CONV., the symbol rate can be locked to various reference frequencies. The input FIFO of the coder is inactive.

One of three reference frequencies can be selected for internal signals:

10 MHz REF.: The symbol clock is controlled by the 10 MHz reference of SFQ. This is the

recommended setting. The 10 MHz reference of SFQ can itself be used as a reference, or locked to an

external 10 MHz reference signal. This can be selected under SETUP - PRESET – 10 MHz REFERENCE: INTERNAL or EXTERNAL.

If the 10 MHz SFQ reference is locked to an external reference signal (pull-in range ±3 ppm) and PLL (INT. SIG.) = 10 MHz REF. is selected, the symbol rate too is locked to the external reference.

Example: If the external reference is exactly 10 MHz, the symbol rate will be exactly 10 Msymb/s.

If the external reference is higher by 1 ppm, i.e. by 10 Hz (resulting in 10000010 Hz), the symbol rate will also be higher by 1 ppm. For a symbol rate of 27.5 Msymb/s, the 1 ppm increase corresponds to +27.5 Hz, so that 27.5000275 Msymb/s is obtained.

TCXO: The symbol clock is controlled by a TCXO (temperature-compensated crystal oscillator)

on the coder module.

VCXO: The symbol clock is controlled by a VCXO (voltage-controlled crystal oscillator) on the

coder module, the VCXO being tuned with a fixed input voltage.

PLL (DATA)

FIFO level

10 MHz REF

SFQ rear

Fig. 2.2.4-13 Reference clock for CS+ coder

TS clock

TCXO

VCXO

PLL (INT. SIG.)

MODE

REF

VCO PLL

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.11

Menu Operation SFQ

Error messages and warnings that may be output in the I/Q CODER field of the menu bar:

Message Meaning Cause Remedy

MODIFY

NO DAT

NO CLK

WR CLK

OVFLOW

UNFLOW

FRMERR

NO REF

UNLOCK

ERROR

Warning A setting deviating

from the standard was made.

Error No input data is

present.

Error No input clock is

present.

Warning Input clock deviates

by more than ±50 ppm.

Error FIFO overflow If the TS PARALLEL input interface is selected, check if

Error FIFO underflow If the TS PARALLEL input interface is selected, check if

Error Frame error – no

valid transport stream is present, i.e. the sync byte is located in the wrong position or is missing.

Error Reference clock is

missing if internal signals (MODE ≠ DATA) and PLL (INT. SIG.) = 10 MHz REF. are selected.

Error Oscillator (VCO)

has not locked.

Error PLL ERROR or DC

SUPPLY ERROR

Select the I/Q CODER menu: the PRESET CODER softkey (F4) is available. By pressing this softkey, any settings deviating from the standard are cancelled, and the warning disappears. Check if a transport stream is present at the selected MPEG2 input. Check if a transport stream is present at the selected MPEG-2 input. If the ASI EXT.CLOCK or the SPI EXT. CLOCK input interface is selected, check if the external TS CLOCK signal is present and if its level (TTL) is high enough. If the TS PARALLEL input interface is selected, check the data rate of the MPEG-2 input transport stream. If the ASI EXT.CLOCK or the SPI EXT. CLOCK input interface is selected, check if the external TS CLOCK signal has the right frequency. In the SETUP - PRESET menu, check if a bit clock or a byte clock is to be applied.

the MPEG-2 input data rate is high. If the ASI EXT.CLOCK or the SPI EXT. CLOCK input interface is selected, check if the external TS CLOCK signal has the right frequency. In the SETUP - PRESET menu, check if a bit clock or a byte clock is to be applied.

the MPEG2 input data rate is low. If the ASI EXT.CLOCK or the SPI EXT. CLOCK input interface is selected, check if the external TS CLOCK signal has the right frequency. In the SETUP - PRESET menu, check if a bit clock or a byte clock is to be applied. Check if the packet length of the input transport stream matches the packet length set in the coder.

Immediate solution: select TCXO or VCXO under I/Q CODER - SPECIAL – PLL (INT. SIG.). Long-term solution: call in service, have cables checked.

Call in service.

Details see under SETUP/INFO - HARDWARE SELFTEST CSPL Call in service

Table 2.2.4-1 Error messages and warnings

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.12

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.4.1.3 Turbo Coding (Option SFQ-B25)

High-order modulation modes (e.g. 8PSK) used to increase bit rates call for higher S/N ratio requirements to be met during transmission. The drawback is the direction from the satellite to the earth since the transmit power of already installed satellites cannot be increased.

The solution to this problem is the use of efficient channel coding methods resulting in a higher coding gain than that of convolutional codes used so far.

The maximum coding gain is obtained by making use of turbo codes which allow what is currently the most powerful decoding method, also known as iterative decoding.

Turbo codes result in a coding gain that increases transmission capacity to within a few tenths of dB of the channel capacity defined by Shannon.

The turbo coder implemented in the R&S SFQ is based on a proprietary method of STMicroelectronics.

Turbo coding

Inner and outer error correction:

To protect data during error-prone satellite transmission, all satellite standards consist of a concatenated error correction mechanism divided into inner and outer error correction.

MPEG2 TS

FIFO

Null PRBS Packet generator

Null TS Packet generator

Scrambler + Sync. byte

inversion

Outer error correction

Reed Solomon encoder

(204, 188, t=8)

Convolutional interleaver

l=7, M=17

PRBS 2^15 - 1 2^23 - 1 (CCITT O.151 )

Turbo encode r

Inner error correction

Baseband filtering D/A converter Lowpass filtering

Fig. 2.2.4-14 Channel coding in Turbo mode

Outer error protection (identical to DVB-DSNG)

Scrambler and sync byte inversion:

The entire incoming MPEG2 transport stream except for the sync word is scrambled. The scrambler continues to run. The scrambler is initialized every eight transport frames (one MPEG2 transport frame corresponds to 188 bytes) at the time the sync word appears. This sync word is inverted at the same time (0x47 becomes 0xB8). To the receiver end, this indicates the start of a scrambling sequence. Scrambling is performed to distribute energy evenly across the spectrum even if a very uniform data structure is present at the input.

Reed Solomon encoder:

After scrambling, conversion of the data rate takes place. For 188 incoming bytes, the Reed-Solomon encoder (204, 188, t = 8) generates 16 additional bytes, which are appended to the 188 bytes. This means that 188 bytes are input to and 204 bytes are output by the Reed-Solomon encoder per unit of time. The Reed-Solomon decoder at the receiver end is capable of correcting up to eight erroneous bytes for each frame.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.13

Menu Operation SFQ

Convolutional interleaver:

Reed-Solomon encoding is followed by a convolutional interleaver with a depth of l = 12 and a basic delay of M = 17. The convolutional interleaver processes the data stream bytewise. The sync word is always transmitted in the "0" path, i.e. without delay. A deinterleaver at the receiving end operates in synchronism with the interleaver at the transmitter end. Its design is exactly reversed, however, so that identical delay is obtained for each of the 12 paths.

Inner error correction (turbo coding)

Turbo encoder and puncturing in the QPSK turbo and 8PSK turbo modes:

Data source

Encoder C1

Interleaver

Encoder C2

Fig. 2.2.4-15 Structure of turbo encoder

Punctu re + Mapping

The structure of the turbo coder consists of two parallel recursive convolutional coders and a pseudo random block interleaver (see Fig. 2.2.4-15).

An information block is fed to the first encoder and coded (y1). The original data block is written to an interleaver whose output is the input for the second encoder (output y2). The right interleaver algorithm plays an important role in overall coder performance.

A pseudo random block interleaver (according to an algorithm of Berrou, Glavieux) is used for which information is written in line-by-line but read out in a quasi-random sequence.

The interleaver decouples the code words generated by the two encoders and thus allows you to determine separate decoding probabilities for the two decoder paths in the receiver.

The interleaver also ensures that the set of code words generated by the encoders is of favourable weight. This reduces the probability of the decoder determining incorrect code words.

The original data block (in systematic path x) and the outputs from the encoders (y1 and y2) are multiplexed, punctured, mapped and transmitted in the traffic channel.

The symbol stream is packetized to speed up receiver synchronization. The size of the symbol packet is variable and determined by the interleaver memory depth (2048 bits) and puncturing. A symbol packet starts with four syncmotif symbols which pass through a fixed sequence in the constellation diagram.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.14

SFQ Menu Operation

Modulation modes

Modulation modes QPSK-Turbo and 8PSK-Turbo are available in the Turbo mode.

Fig. 2.2.4-16

• Code rates 2/3, 3/4 are implemented for QPSK-Turbo.

• Code rates 1/3, 2/3, 3/4 and 8/9 are implemented for 8PSK-Turbo.

• With 8PSK-Turbo modulation, each of the eight constellation points carries 3 bits.

• With QPSK-Turbo modulation, each of the eight constellation points carries 2 bits.

Baseband filtering:

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.15

Menu Operation SFQ

2.2.4.1.4 Description of Menu Items

INPUT SELECT

Fig. 2.2.4-17 INPUT SELECT menu

INPUT SELECT:

In this menu, the input interface for the MPEG2 transport stream can be selected. This is possible, however, only if the optional INPUT INTERFACE 2 is installed.

If the optional INPUT INTERFACE 2 is not installed, only the TS PARALLEL input interface can be selected.

If the optional INPUT INTERFACE 2 is installed, all interfaces offered by the menu are available.

TS PARALLEL:

This is a synchronous parallel MPEG2 interface with LVDS (low voltage differential signalling). It is described in EN 50 083-9.

The interface is implemented as a 25-contact D-Sub connector labelled TS PARALLEL on the rear of the unit.

TS PARALLEL does not change the applied transport stream. It must, therefore, be ensured that the transport stream applied to SFQ has exactly the displayed (calculated) input data rate. Deviations from this nominal data rate must not exceed +-50 ppm. If a deviation exceeds 50 ppm, the warning WR CLK (wrong clock) is output in the I/Q CODER field of the menu bar. The guaranteed pull-in range of the VCXO is exceeded, and overflow or underflow of the FIFO must be expected. If the clock frequency is too high or too low, thus causing the pull-in range to be exceeded, the warning UNFLOW (underflow) or OVFLOW (overflow) is output.

SPI:

This is a synchronous parallel MPEG2 interface with LVDS. It is described in EN 50 083-9. The TS PARALLEL connector is used. Selection of the SPI interface changes the MPEG2 transport stream. The incoming null packets (PID =

The inserted null packets are NULL PRBS PACKETS; see MODE. A correction of the PCR values is performed. The incoming USEFUL DATA RATE must be lower than the calculated MAX. USEFUL DATA RATE,

because, otherwise, the FIFO will overflow.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.16

SFQ Menu Operation

ASI:

This is an asynchronous serial interface implemented by the ASI BNC connector on the rear panel. It is described in EN 50 083-9.

Selection of the API interface changes the MPEG2 input transport stream. The incoming null packets (PID = 0x1FFF) are removed, and new null packets are inserted to attain the required data rate. This data rate is calculated from the selected constellation and other transmission parameters, displayed, and automatically generated by INPUT INTERFACE 2.

The inserted null packets are NULL PRBS PACKETS; see MODE. A correction of the PCR values is performed.

The incoming USEFUL DATA RATE must be lower than the calculated MAX. USEFUL DATA RATE, because, otherwise, the FIFO will overflow. The ASI interface can handle a maximum MPEG2 date rate (useful data) of 216 Mbit/s.

SPI EXT. CLOCK:

This is a synchronous parallel MPEG2 interface with LVDS. The TS PARALLEL connector is used. Selection of the SPI EXT. CLOCK interface changes the MPEG2 transport stream. The incoming null

packets (PID = 0x1FFF) are removed. The required data rate is determined by the frequency of the clock fed to the TS CLOCK EXT (connector on the rear of the unit). If required, new null packets are inserted to attain the required data rate.

The clock fed to the TS CLOCK EXT connector must not deviate from the calculated data rate by more than ±50 ppm. If a deviation exceeds 50 ppm, the warning WR CLK (wrong clock) is output in the I/Q CODER field of the menu bar. The guaranteed pull-in range of the VCXO is exceeded, and overflow or underflow of the FIFO must be expected. If the clock frequency is too high or too low, thus causing the pull-in range to be exceeded, the warning UNFLOW (underflow) or OVFLOW (overflow) is output.

From the SETUP - PRESET menu, you can select whether the bit clock or the byte clock is to be fed to the TS CLOCK EXT connector.

The inserted null packets are NULL PRBS PACKETS; see MODE. A correction of the PCR values is performed. The incoming USEFUL DATA RATE must be lower than the calculated MAX. USEFUL DATA RATE,

because, otherwise, the FIFO will overflow.

ASI EXT. CLOCK:

This is an asynchronous serial interface implemented by the ASI BNC connector on the rear panel. The SPI EXT. CLOCK interface changes the MPEG2 transport stream. The incoming null packets (PID

= 0x1FFF) are removed. The required data rate is determined by the frequency of the clock fed to the TS CLOCK EXT (connector on the rear of the unit). If required, new null packets are inserted to attain the required data rate.

From the SETUP - PRESET menu, you can select whether the bit clock or the byte clock is to be fed to the TS CLOCK EXT connector.

The inserted null packets are NULL PRBS PACKETS; see MODE. A correction of the PCR values is performed. The incoming USEFUL DATA RATE must be lower than the calculated MAX. USEFUL DATA RATE,

because, otherwise, the FIFO will overflow.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.17

Menu Operation SFQ

INPUT DATA RATE

Fig. 2.2.4-18 INPUT DATA RATE

INPUT DATA RATE:

The input data rate is a measured quantity displayed in the MEASURE field. The measured input data rate is displayed only if the optional INPUT INTERFACE 2 is installed. If, under INPUT SELECT, the TS PARALLEL input interface is selected, the nominal data rate (data rate

expected at the input) is displayed in the EDIT/(INFO) field. The actual input data rate must not differ from the nominal data rate by more than ±50 ppm.

The following relationship applies to the input data rate and the output symbol rate, also depending on further parameters:

DR_IN_BIT = SR * (PL / 204) * CR * q * m_Turbo

The following applies to the m_Turbo variable: m_turbo =2048/[(ceil(2048/(CR *q)) + SML) * q]

SML: SyncMotifLength = const. = 4 DR_IN_BIT: input data rate in [MBit/s] SR: symbol rate in [MS/s] PL: packet length [188, 204] CR: code rate [1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 8/9] q: number of bits per symbol [2, 3]

Constellation Bits/symbol q

QPSK 2 8 PSK 3

USEFUL DATA RATE:

In the MEASURE field, the measured USEFUL DATA RATE is displayed. This is the input data rate after removal of the null packets.

The ASI, SPI, ASI EXT. CLOCK and SPI EXT. CLOCK change the data stream, i.e. the null packets are removed. Therefore, the USEFUL DATA RATE is a crucial factor. New null packets are added to the signal with the useful data rate to attain the required data rate.

The incoming, measured USEFUL DATA RATE must be lower than the calculated MAX. USEFUL DATA RATE displayed in the EDIT/(INFO) field.

The measured useful data rate is displayed only if the optional INPUT INTERFACE 2 is installed.

2072.5724.02 E-112.2.4.18

Rohde & Schwarz SFQ 2072.5501 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Safety Instructions

Patent Information

DIVIDER OVERVIEW

SFQ Preparation for Use

1.1 Legend for Front and Rear View

Fig. 1-1 Front view

Fig. 1-4 Rear View

1.1.2.1 Standard Pin Assignments

1.1.2.2 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-Z5

1.1.2.4 Additional Pin Assignments with Option SFQ-B10

1.1.2.5 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B14 IQ OUTPUT/INPUT 2072.6266.02

1.1.2.6 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B27 Impulsive Noise 2110.0407.02

1.1.2.7 Additional Pin Assignments with SFQ-B2, -B3 and -B4

SFQ Putting into Operation

1.2.1 Positioning the Instrument

1.2.2 EMC Safety Precautions

1.3 Connecting the Instrument

1.3.1 AC Supply Connection

1.3.2 MPEG2 Signal Feed for Vector Modulation

1.3.2.2 TS PARALLEL Connector

1.3.3 Exter nal I / O Si gnal Feed for Vector Modulation

1.3.4 10 MHz REF Input/Output

1.3.5 Feed-i n of Analog Video/Sound Signal s for FM Modulation

1.3.5.2 AF Connector, Front Panel

1.3.5.3 AF Connectors, Rear Panel (for Additional Sound Subcarriers)

1.3.7 External Monitor

1.3.10 Synchronization of SFQ Data Rate without Input Interface with External Clock

1.4.1 Adjusting Screen Contrast and Brightness

1.5.1.1 SFQ equipped with SFQ-B2, SFQ-B3, SFQ-B4 and SFQ-B6

1.5.1.2 SFQ equipped with SFQ-B5, SFQ-B6, SFQ-B11 model .02, SFQ-B11 model .04 and coder option

1.5.1.3 SFQ equipped with SFQ-B5, SFQ-B6, SFQ-B10, SFQ-B11 model .02, SFQ-B11 model .04, SFQ-B12, SFQ-B13, SFQ-B15, SFQ-B21 and SFQ-B23

SFQ Manual Control

Fig. 2-1 Front panel

2.1.4.4 Enabling Software Options

SFQ Menu Operation

2.2.1 RF FREQUENCY Menu

Fig. 2.2-1 RF FREQUENCY

2.2.1.2 RF FREQUENCY (with VSB Modulation)

2.2.2 RF LEVEL Menu

RF LEVEL →→→→

Fig.: 2.2.3-1 MODULATION Menu

2.2.3.1 I/Q Vector Modulation

Fig.: 2.2.3-3 Satellite

DVB-S QPSK

Fig.: 2.2.3-5 DVB-C QAM

DVB-T COFDM

Fig.: 2.2.3-9 ITU-T J.83/B

ATSC VSB

I/Q EXTERNAL

Fig.: 2.2.3-16 MODULATION FM

Fig.: 2.2.3-17 FM EXTERNAL

2.2.4 I/Q CODER Menu

2.2.4.1.2 Description of Menu Items