Rohde&Schwarz R&S®VSE-K6 Pulse Measurements User Manual
R&S®VSE-K6
Pulse Measurement Application
User Manual
(;ÚçF2)
1176892202
Version 11
This manual applies to the following software, version 2.20 and later:
●
R&S®VSE Enterprise Edition base software (1345.1105.06)
●
R&S®VSE Basic Edition base software (1345.1011.06)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S VSE-K6 (1320.7516.02)
●
R&S VSE-K6A (1345.1286.06)
●
R&S VSE-KT6 (1345.1934.02)
●
R&S VSE-KT6A (1345.2101.02)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1176.8922.02 | Version 11 | R&S®VSE-K6
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®VSE is abbreviated as R&S VSE.
R&S®VSE-K6
1.1 About this manual.........................................................................................................9
1.2 Typographical conventions..........................................................................................9
2.1 Starting the pulse application.................................................................................... 11
2.2 Understanding the display information.................................................................... 12
3.1 Pulse parameters........................................................................................................ 15
3.1.1 Timing parameters........................................................................................................ 16
3.1.2 Power/amplitude parameters........................................................................................ 19
Contents
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 9
2 Welcome to the pulse measurements application............................ 11
3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 15
3.1.3 Frequency parameters.................................................................................................. 23
3.1.4 Phase parameters.........................................................................................................24
3.1.5 Envelope model (cardinal data points) parameters.......................................................25
3.2 Evaluation methods for pulse measurements......................................................... 29
4 Measurement basics............................................................................45
4.1 Parameter definitions................................................................................................. 45
4.1.1 Amplitude droop............................................................................................................ 46
4.1.2 Ripple............................................................................................................................ 46
4.1.3 Overshoot......................................................................................................................48
4.2 Pulse detection............................................................................................................48
4.3 Parameter spectrum calculation................................................................................50
4.4 Segmented data capturing......................................................................................... 53
4.5 Trace evaluation..........................................................................................................57
4.5.1 Trace statistics.............................................................................................................. 57
4.5.2 Normalizing traces........................................................................................................ 58
5 Configuration........................................................................................62
5.1 Configuration overview.............................................................................................. 62
5.2 Signal description....................................................................................................... 64
5.3 Input source settings..................................................................................................67
5.3.1 Radio frequency input................................................................................................... 67
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5.3.2 I/Q file input................................................................................................................... 73
5.4 Frontend settings........................................................................................................75
5.4.1 Frequency settings........................................................................................................75
5.4.2 Amplitude settings.........................................................................................................77
5.5 Trigger settings........................................................................................................... 80
5.6 Data acquisition.......................................................................................................... 85
5.7 Pulse detection............................................................................................................87
5.8 Pulse measurement settings..................................................................................... 90
5.8.1 Measurement levels...................................................................................................... 90
5.8.2 Measurement point....................................................................................................... 93
5.8.3 Measurement range...................................................................................................... 96
5.9 Automatic settings......................................................................................................97
Contents
6 Analysis................................................................................................ 98
6.1 Result configuration................................................................................................... 98
6.1.1 Pulse selection.............................................................................................................. 98
6.1.2 Result range..................................................................................................................99
6.1.3 Result range spectrum configuration.......................................................................... 100
6.1.4 Result range frequency configuration......................................................................... 102
6.1.5 Parameter configuration for result displays.................................................................102
6.1.5.1 Parameter distribution configuration........................................................................... 102
6.1.5.2 Parameter spectrum configuration.............................................................................. 104
6.1.5.3 Parameter trend configuration.....................................................................................107
6.1.6 Table configuration......................................................................................................108
6.1.6.1 Table export configuration...........................................................................................109
6.1.6.2 Limit settings for table displays....................................................................................111
6.1.7 Y-Scaling..................................................................................................................... 112
6.1.8 Units............................................................................................................................ 114
6.2 Markers.......................................................................................................................115
6.2.1 Individual marker settings............................................................................................116
6.2.2 General marker settings..............................................................................................120
6.2.3 Marker search settings................................................................................................121
6.2.4 Marker positioning functions....................................................................................... 122
6.3 Trace configuration...................................................................................................124
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6.4 Trace / data export configuration............................................................................ 128
7.1 How to perform a standard pulse measurement....................................................131
7.2 How to configure a limit check for a pulse measurement.....................................132
8.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 134
8.1.1 Conventions used in descriptions............................................................................... 135
8.1.2 Long and short form.................................................................................................... 136
8.1.3 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................136
8.1.4 Optional keywords.......................................................................................................136
8.1.5 Alternative keywords................................................................................................... 137
8.1.6 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................137
Contents
7 How to perform measurements in the pulse application............... 131
8 Remote commands for pulse measurements................................. 134
8.1.6.1 Numeric values........................................................................................................... 137
8.1.6.2 Boolean....................................................................................................................... 138
8.1.6.3 Character data............................................................................................................ 138
8.1.6.4 Character strings.........................................................................................................139
8.1.6.5 Block data................................................................................................................... 139
8.2 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 139
8.3 Activating Pulse measurements..............................................................................139
8.4 Configuring the measurement................................................................................. 140
8.4.1 Restoring the default configuration (Preset)................................................................140
8.4.2 Signal description........................................................................................................140
8.4.3 Configuring data input................................................................................................. 143
8.4.3.1 RF input.......................................................................................................................144
8.4.3.2 Using external mixers..................................................................................................155
Basic settings.............................................................................................................. 155
Mixer settings.............................................................................................................. 156
Programming example: working with an external mixer..............................................162
8.4.3.3 Remote commands for external frontend control........................................................ 163
Commands for initial configuration..............................................................................164
Commands for alignment............................................................................................ 170
8.4.3.4 Working with power sensors....................................................................................... 173
Configuring power sensors......................................................................................... 173
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8.4.4 Frontend configuration................................................................................................ 181
8.4.4.1 Frequency................................................................................................................... 181
8.4.4.2 Amplitude settings.......................................................................................................182
8.4.4.3 Configuring the attenuation......................................................................................... 185
8.4.5 Triggering measurements........................................................................................... 187
8.4.5.1 Configuring the triggering conditions...........................................................................187
8.4.5.2 Configuring the trigger output......................................................................................193
8.4.6 Segmented data capturing.......................................................................................... 195
8.4.7 Data acquisition...........................................................................................................199
8.4.8 Pulse detection............................................................................................................202
8.4.9 Configuring the pulse measurement........................................................................... 205
8.4.9.1 Measurement levels.................................................................................................... 205
Contents
Configuring power sensor measurements.................................................................. 174
8.4.9.2 Measurement point..................................................................................................... 208
8.4.9.3 Measurement range.................................................................................................... 210
8.4.10 Configuring the result display...................................................................................... 211
8.4.10.1 Global layout commands.............................................................................................211
8.4.10.2 Working with windows in the display...........................................................................215
8.4.10.3 General window commands........................................................................................220
8.4.11 Configuring the results................................................................................................ 221
8.4.11.1 Selecting the pulse......................................................................................................222
8.4.11.2 Defining the result range............................................................................................. 222
8.4.11.3 Configuring a parameter distribution........................................................................... 224
8.4.11.4 Configuring a parameter spectrum..............................................................................230
8.4.11.5 Configuring a pulse-pulse spectrum............................................................................237
8.4.11.6 Configuring a parameter trend.................................................................................... 239
8.4.11.7 Configuring a result range spectrum........................................................................... 258
8.4.11.8 Configuring the statistics and parameter tables.......................................................... 259
8.4.11.9 Configuring limit checks.............................................................................................. 278
8.4.11.10 Configuring the Y-Axis scaling and units.....................................................................282
8.5 Analyzing results...................................................................................................... 285
8.5.1 Configuring standard traces........................................................................................ 286
8.5.2 Working with markers..................................................................................................292
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8.5.2.1 Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 292
8.5.2.2 General marker settings..............................................................................................297
8.5.2.3 Positioning the marker................................................................................................ 299
8.6 Retrieving results......................................................................................................303
8.6.1 Retrieving results........................................................................................................ 303
8.6.1.1 Retrieving and storing trace data................................................................................ 304
8.6.1.2 Retrieving information on detected pulses.................................................................. 309
8.6.1.3 Retrieving parameter results....................................................................................... 314
Contents
Positioning normal markers.........................................................................................299
Positioning delta markers............................................................................................301
Retrieving power / amplitude parameters................................................................... 315
Retrieving timing parameters...................................................................................... 332
Retrieving frequency parameters................................................................................ 341
Retrieving phase parameters...................................................................................... 346
Retrieving envelope model parameters...................................................................... 351
8.6.1.4 Retrieving limit results................................................................................................. 365
8.6.1.5 Exporting trace results to an ASCII file....................................................................... 366
8.6.1.6 Exporting table results to an ASCII file........................................................................368
8.6.2 Retrieving marker results............................................................................................ 370
8.7 Programming example: pulse measurement......................................................... 371
Annex.................................................................................................. 377
A Menu reference...................................................................................379
A.1 Common R&S VSE menus....................................................................................... 379
A.1.1 File menu.................................................................................................................... 379
A.1.2 Window menu............................................................................................................. 380
A.1.3 Help menu...................................................................................................................381
A.2 Pulse Measurements Menus.................................................................................... 381
A.2.1 Input & Output Menu................................................................................................... 382
A.2.2 Meas Setup Menu....................................................................................................... 382
A.2.3 Trace Menu................................................................................................................. 383
A.2.4 Marker Menu............................................................................................................... 383
A.2.5 Limits Menu.................................................................................................................383
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Contents
B Reference of toolbar functions......................................................... 384
C Reference: ASCII file export format..................................................388
D Effects of large gauss filters.............................................................390
List of Remote Commands (Pulse)...................................................391
Index....................................................................................................410
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1.1 About this manual
Typographical conventions
1 Preface
This R&S VSE Pulse User Manual provides all the information specific to the application. All general software functions and settings common to all applications and oper-
ating modes are described in the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the R&S VSE Pulse application
Introduction to and getting familiar with the application
●
Measurements and Result Displays
Details on supported measurements and their result types
●
Measurement Basics
Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the measurement
●
Configuration + Analysis
A concise description of all functions and settings available to configure measurements and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command
●
Data Export
Description of general functions to export measurement data
●
How to Perform Measurements in the R&S VSE Pulse application
The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step-by-step instructions
for more complex tasks or alternative methods
●
Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement
Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the measurement configuration
●
Remote Commands for R&S VSE Pulse application Measurements
Remote commands required to configure and perform R&S VSE Pulse application
measurements in a remote environment, sorted by tasks
(Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks in the
software are provided in the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual)
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes
●
List of remote commands
Alphabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
Preface
1.2 Typographical conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
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Preface
Typographical conventions
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
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R&S®VSE-K6
Welcome to the pulse measurements application
Starting the pulse application
2 Welcome to the pulse measurements appli-
cation
The R&S VSE-K6 is a firmware application that adds functionality to perform measurements on pulsed signals to the R&S VSE.
The R&S VSE Pulse application provides measurement and analysis functions for
pulse signals frequently used in radar applications, for example.
The R&S VSE Pulse application features:
●
Measurement of basic pulse characteristics
●
Analysis of parameter trends over time
●
Display of amplitude, frequency and phase measurement traces for individual pulses
The additional option R&S VSE-K6A offers multi-channel analysis. It is based on the
premise that a similar pulse is captured on all input channels, with some differences in
the pulse parameters according to timing, amplitude, phase, etc. It is also expected
that the same number of pulses is captured on each input channel. Therefore the
analysis groups the n-th pulse measured on each input channel into the same
"Selected Pulse" result for the different displays. This allows the user to compare e.g.
the pulse amplitude and phase values across every input channel in the same display
in a straightforward manner.
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the I/Q Analyzer
application and are described in the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual. The latest
version is available for download at the product homepage (http://www.rohde-
schwarz.com/product/VSE.html).
2.1 Starting the pulse application
Pulse measurements require a separate application on the R&S VSE. It is activated by
creating a new measurement channel in Pulse mode.
To activate the Pulse application
1.
Select the "Add Channel" function in the Sequence tool window.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available in your R&S VSE.
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Welcome to the pulse measurements application
Understanding the display information
2. Select the "Pulse" item.
The R&S VSE opens a new measurement channel for the R&S VSE Pulse application.
2.2 Understanding the display information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following
sections.
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Welcome to the pulse measurements application
Understanding the display information
1
2
3
4
5
1 = Color coding for windows of same channel
2 = Channel bar with measurement settings
3 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
4 = Diagram area
5 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on result display
Channel bar information
In the Pulse application, the R&S VSE shows the following settings:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the Pulse application
Ref Level Reference level
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation (if available)
Freq Center frequency for the RF signal
Meas Time Measurement time (data acquisition time)
Meas BW Measurement bandwidth
SRate Sample rate
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect
the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display
of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For details see the
R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
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Welcome to the pulse measurements application
Understanding the display information
0
1 2 5 6 7
Figure 2-1: Window title bar information in the Pulse application
0 = Color coding for windows of same channel
1 = Edit result display function
2 = Channel name
3 = Window number
4 = Window type (+ pulse number for pulse-based displays)
5 = Trace color, trace number, trace detector, trace mode
6 = Dock/undock window function
7 = Close window function
3 4
Diagram area
The diagram area displays the results according to the selected result displays (see
Chapter 3.2, "Evaluation methods for pulse measurements", on page 29).
Diagram footer information
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the start and stop values for the
displayed time range.
Status bar information
The software status, errors and warnings and any irregularities in the software are indicated in the status bar at the bottom of the R&S VSE window.
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
3 Measurements and result displays
During a pulse measurement, I/Q data from the input signal is captured for a specified
time or for a specified record length. Pulses are detected from the signal according to
specified thresholds and user-defined criteria. The measured signal is then compared
with the ideal signal described by the user and any deviations are recorded. The
defined range of measured data is then evaluated to determine characteristic pulse
parameters. These parameters can either be displayed as traces, in a table, or be evaluated statistically over a series of measurements.
Measurement range vs. result range vs. detection range
The measurement range defines which part of an individual pulse is measured (for
example for frequency deviation), whereas the result range determines which data is
displayed on the screen in the form of amplitude, frequency or phase vs. time traces.
The detection range (if enabled) determines which part of the capture buffer is analyzed. The pulse numbers in the result displays are always relative to the current
detection range, that is: pulse number 1 is the first pulse within the detection range in
the capture buffer. If disabled (default), the entire capture buffer is used as the detection range. See also "Detection range" on page 50.
Result display windows
For each measurement, a separate measurement channel is activated. Each measurement channel can provide multiple result displays, which are displayed in individual
windows. The measurement windows can be rearranged and configured in the
R&S VSE to meet your requirements. All windows that belong to the same measurement (including the channel bar) are indicated by a colored line at the top of the window title bar.
►
To add further result displays for the Pulse channel, select the
icon from the toolbar, or select the "Window > New Window" menu item.
For details on working with channels and windows see the "Operating Basics"
chapter in the R&S VSE Base Software User Manual.
● Pulse parameters....................................................................................................15
● Evaluation methods for pulse measurements.........................................................29
3.1 Pulse parameters
The pulse parameters to be measured are based primarily on the IEEE 181 Standard
181-2003. For detailed descriptions refer to the standard documentation ("IEEE Standard on Transitions, Pulses, and Related Waveforms", from the IEEE Instrumentation
and Measurement (I&M) Society, 7 July 2003).
"Add Window"
The following graphic illustrates the main pulse parameters and characteristic values.
(For a definition of the values used to determine the measured pulse parameters see
Chapter 4.1, "Parameter definitions", on page 45.)
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Figure 3-1: Definition of the main pulse parameters and characteristic values
In order to obtain these results, select the corresponding parameter in the result configuration (see Chapter 6.1, "Result configuration", on page 98) or apply the required
SCPI parameter to the remote command (see Chapter 8.4.11, "Configuring the
results", on page 221 and Chapter 8.6.1, "Retrieving results", on page 303).
● Timing parameters.................................................................................................. 16
● Power/amplitude parameters.................................................................................. 19
● Frequency parameters............................................................................................23
● Phase parameters...................................................................................................24
● Envelope model (cardinal data points) parameters.................................................25
3.1.1 Timing parameters
The following timing parameters can be determined by the R&S VSE Pulse application.
Timestamp.....................................................................................................................17
Settling Time................................................................................................................. 17
Rise Time......................................................................................................................17
Fall Time........................................................................................................................17
Pulse Width (ON Time)................................................................................................. 18
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Off Time.........................................................................................................................18
Duty Ratio..................................................................................................................... 18
Duty Cycle (%).............................................................................................................. 18
Pulse Repetition Interval............................................................................................... 18
Pulse Repetition Frequency (Hz).................................................................................. 19
Timestamp
The time stamp uniquely identifies each pulse in the capture buffer. It is defined as the
time from the capture start point to the beginning of the pulse period of the current
pulse. (As opposed to the pulse number, which is always relative to the start of the
detection range, see also "Detection range" on page 50).
Depending on the user-specified definition of the pulse period, the period begins with
the mid-level crossing of the current pulse's rising edge (period: high-to-low) or the
mid-level crossing of the previous pulse's falling edge (period low-to-high). See also
"Pulse Period" on page 65.
Note: For external triggers, the trigger point within the sample (TPIS) is considered in
the timestamp (see TRACe:IQ:TPISample? on page 314).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:TSTamp? on page 340
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:TSTamp on page 277
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:TSTamp:LIMit? on page 366
Settling Time
The difference between the time at which the pulse exceeds the mid threshold on the
rising edge to the point where the pulse waveform remains within the pulse boundary
(ON Inner/ ON Outer)
See Figure 3-1
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:SETTling? on page 339
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:SETTling on page 277
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:SETTling:LIMit? on page 366
Rise Time
The time required for the pulse to transition from the base to the top level. This is the
difference between the time at which the pulse exceeds the lower and upper thresholds.
See Figure 3-1
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:RISE? on page 339
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:RISE on page 277
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:RISE:LIMit? on page 366
Fall Time
The time required for the pulse to transition from the top to the base level. This is the
difference between the time at which the pulse drops below the upper and lower
thresholds.
See Figure 3-1
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:FALL? on page 335
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:FALL on page 276
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:FALL:LIMit? on page 366
Pulse Width (ON Time)
The time that the pulse remains at the top level ("ON"). This is the time between the
first positive edge and the subsequent negative edge of the pulse in seconds, where
the edges occur at crossings of the mid threshold.
See Figure 3-1
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PWIDth? on page 338
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:PWIDth on page 277
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PWIDth:LIMit? on page 366
Off Time
The time that the pulse remains at the base level ("OFF"). This is the time between the
first negative edge and the subsequent positive edge of the pulse in seconds, where
the edges occur at crossings of the mid threshold.
See Figure 3-1
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:OFF? on page 335
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:OFF on page 276
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:OFF:LIMit? on page 366
Duty Ratio
The ratio of the "Pulse Width" to "Pulse Repetition Interval" expressed as a value
between 0 and 1 (requires at least two measured pulses)
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:DRATio? on page 334
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:DRATio on page 275
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:DRATio:LIMit? on page 366
Duty Cycle (%)
The ratio of the "Pulse Width" to "Pulse Repetition Interval" expressed as a percentage
(requires at least two measured pulses)
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:DCYCle? on page 333
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:DCYCle on page 275
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:DCYCle:LIMit? on page 366
Pulse Repetition Interval
The time between two consecutive edges of the same polarity in seconds (requires at
least two measured pulses). The user-specified definition of the pulse period
(see"Pulse Period" on page 65) determines whether this value is calculated from consecutive rising or falling edges.
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3.1.2 Power/amplitude parameters
Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PRI? on page 337
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:PRI on page 276
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PRI:LIMit? on page 366
Pulse Repetition Frequency (Hz)
The frequency of occurrence of pulses, i.e. inverse of the "Pulse Repetition Interval"
(requires at least two measured pulses)
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PRF? on page 336
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:PRF on page 276
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PRF:LIMit? on page 366
The following power/amplitude parameters can be determined by the R&S VSE Pulse
application.
Top Power..................................................................................................................... 19
Base Power...................................................................................................................19
Pulse Amplitude............................................................................................................ 20
In-Phase Amplitude/Quadrature Amplitude...................................................................20
Average ON Power....................................................................................................... 20
Average Tx Power.........................................................................................................20
Minimum Power............................................................................................................ 20
Peak Power...................................................................................................................21
Peak-to-Avg ON Power Ratio........................................................................................21
Peak-to-Average Tx Power Ratio..................................................................................21
Peak-to-Min Power Ratio.............................................................................................. 21
Droop............................................................................................................................ 21
Ripple............................................................................................................................22
Overshoot......................................................................................................................22
Power (at Point)............................................................................................................ 22
Pulse-to-Pulse Power Ratio.......................................................................................... 22
Top Power
The median pulse ON power. The value of this parameter is used as a reference
(100%) to determine other parameter values such as the rising / falling thresholds. Various algorithms are provided to determine the top power (see "Measurement Algo-
rithm" on page 92).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:TOP? on page 331
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:TOP on page 275
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:TOP:LIMit? on page 366
Base Power
The median pulse OFF power. The value of this parameter is used as a reference (0%)
to determine other parameter values such as the rising / falling thresholds.
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:BASE? on page 321
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:BASE on page 271
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:BASE:LIMit? on page 365
Pulse Amplitude
The difference between the "Top Power" and the "Base Power", calculated in linear
power units (W). This value determines the 100% power range (amplitude). This value
is converted to dBm for the "Pulse Results" table.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude? on page 318
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:AMPLitude on page 270
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude:LIMit? on page 365
In-Phase Amplitude/Quadrature Amplitude
The pulse in-phase or quadrature amplitude as a voltage, measured at the measurement point of the pulse (see Chapter 5.8.2, "Measurement point", on page 93). Values
range from -10 mV to +10 mV.
Remote command:
Querying results:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude:I? on page 319
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude:Q? on page 320
Including results in result summary table:
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:AMPLitude:I on page 270
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:AMPLitude:Q on page 271
Querying limit check results:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude:I:LIMit? on page 365
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude:Q:LIMit? on page 365
Average ON Power
The average power during the pulse ON time
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ON? on page 324
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:ON on page 272
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ON:LIMit? on page 365
Average Tx Power
The average transmission power over the entire pulse ON + OFF time
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AVG? on page 321
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:AVG on page 271
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AVG:LIMit? on page 365
Minimum Power
The minimum power over the entire pulse ON + OFF time
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:MIN? on page 323
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:MIN on page 272
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:MIN:LIMit? on page 365
Peak Power
The maximum power over the entire pulse ON + OFF time
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:MAX? on page 322
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:MAX on page 271
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:MAX:LIMit? on page 365
Peak-to-Avg ON Power Ratio
The ratio of maximum to average power over the pulse ON time (also known as crest
factor)
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PON? on page 328
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:PON on page 273
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PON:LIMit? on page 366
Peak-to-Average Tx Power Ratio
The ratio of maximum to average power over the entire pulse ON + OFF interval.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PAVG? on page 326
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:PAVG on page 273
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PAVG:LIMit? on page 365
Peak-to-Min Power Ratio
The ratio of maximum to minimum power over the entire pulse ON + OFF time
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PMIN? on page 327
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:PMIN on page 273
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PMIN:LIMit? on page 365
Droop
The rate at which the pulse top level decays, calculated as the difference between the
power at the beginning of the pulse ON time and the power at the end of the pulse ON
time, divided by the pulse amplitude.
Droop values are only calculated if Pulse Has Droop is set to "On" (default ).
For more information see Chapter 4.1.1, "Amplitude droop", on page 46
Note: The percentage ratio values are calculated in %V if the "Measurement Level" is
defined in V (see "Reference Level Unit" on page 92), otherwise in %W.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ADRoop:DB? on page 317
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ADRoop[:PERCent]? on page 318
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:ADRoop:DB on page 269
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:ADRoop[:PERCent] on page 270
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ADRoop:DB:LIMit? on page 365
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ADRoop[:PERCent]:LIMit? on page 365
Ripple
The ripple is calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum deviation from the pulse top reference, within a user specified interval.
For more information see Chapter 4.1.2, "Ripple", on page 46
Note: The percentage ratio values are calculated in %V if the "Measurement Level" is
defined in V (see "Reference Level Unit" on page 92), otherwise in %W.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:RIPPle:DB? on page 330
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:RIPPle[:PERCent]? on page 331
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:RIPPle:DB on page 274
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:RIPPle[:PERCent] on page 274
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:RIPPle:DB:LIMit? on page 366
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:RIPPle[:PERCent]:LIMit? on page 366
Overshoot
The height of the local maximum after a rising edge, divided by the pulse amplitude.
For more information see Chapter 4.1.3, "Overshoot", on page 48.
Note: The percentage ratio values are calculated in %V if the "Measurement Level" is
defined in V (see "Reference Level Unit" on page 92), otherwise in %W.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:OVERshoot:DB? on page 324
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:OVERshoot[:PERCent]? on page 325
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:OVERshoot:DB on page 272
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:OVERshoot[:PERCent] on page 272
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:OVERshoot:DB:LIMit? on page 365
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:OVERshoot[:PERCent]:LIMit? on page 365
Power (at Point)
The power measured at the pulse "measurement point" specified by the Measurement
Point Reference and the "Offset" on page 95
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:POINt? on page 328
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:POINt on page 273
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:POINt:LIMit? on page 365
Pulse-to-Pulse Power Ratio
The ratio of the "Power" values from the first measured pulse to the current pulse.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PPRatio? on page 329
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:PPRatio on page 274
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PPRatio:LIMit? on page 366
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3.1.3 Frequency parameters
Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
The following frequency parameters can be determined by the R&S VSE Pulse application.
Frequency..................................................................................................................... 23
Pulse-Pulse Frequency Difference................................................................................23
Frequency Error (RMS).................................................................................................23
Frequency Error (Peak).................................................................................................23
Frequency Deviation..................................................................................................... 24
Chirp Rate.....................................................................................................................24
Frequency
Frequency of the pulse measured at the defined Measurement point
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:POINt? on page 344
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:POINt on page 267
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:POINt:LIMit? on page 365
Pulse-Pulse Frequency Difference
Difference in frequency between the first measured pulse and the currently measured
pulse
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:PPFRequency? on page 345
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:PPFRequency on page 267
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:PPFRequency:LIMit? on page 365
Frequency Error (RMS)
The RMS frequency error of the currently measured pulse. The error is calculated relative to the given pulse modulation. It is not calculated at all for modulation type "Arbitrary". The error is calculated over the Measurement range.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:RERRor? on page 345
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:RERRor on page 267
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:RERRor:LIMit? on page 365
Frequency Error (Peak)
The peak frequency error of the currently measured pulse. The error is calculated relative to the given pulse modulation. It is not calculated at all for modulation type "Arbitrary". The error is calculated over the Measurement range.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:PERRor? on page 343
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:PERRor on page 267
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:PERRor:LIMit? on page 365
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Frequency Deviation
The frequency deviation of the currently measured pulse. The deviation is calculated
as the absolute difference between the maximum and minimum frequency values
within the Measurement range.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:DEViation? on page 342
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:DEViation on page 266
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:DEViation:LIMit? on page 365
Chirp Rate
A known frequency chirp rate (per μs) to be used for generating an ideal pulse waveform.
Note: a chirp rate is only available for the Pulse Modulation type "Linear FM".
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:CRATe? on page 342
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:CRATe on page 266
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:CRATe:LIMit? on page 365
3.1.4 Phase parameters
The following phase parameters can be determined by the R&S VSE Pulse application.
Phase............................................................................................................................24
Pulse-Pulse Phase Difference.......................................................................................24
Phase Error (RMS)........................................................................................................24
Phase Error (Peak)....................................................................................................... 25
Phase Deviation............................................................................................................25
Phase
Phase of the pulse measured at the defined Measurement point
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:POINt? on page 348
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:PHASe:POINt on page 268
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:POINt:LIMit? on page 365
Pulse-Pulse Phase Difference
Difference in phase between the first measured pulse and the currently measured
pulse
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:PPPHase? on page 349
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:PHASe:PPPHase on page 269
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:PPPHase:LIMit? on page 365
Phase Error (RMS)
The RMS phase error of the currently measured pulse. The error is calculated relative
to the given pulse modulation. It is not calculated at all for the Pulse Modulation type
"Arbitrary". The error is calculated over the Measurement range.
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:RERRor? on page 350
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:PHASe:RERRor on page 269
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:RERRor:LIMit? on page 365
Phase Error (Peak)
The peak phase error of the currently measured pulse. The error is calculated relative
to the given pulse modulation. It is not calculated at all for the Pulse Modulation type
"Arbitrary". The error is calculated over the Measurement range.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:PERRor? on page 348
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:PHASe:PERRor on page 268
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:PERRor:LIMit? on page 365
Phase Deviation
The phase deviation of the currently measured pulse. The deviation is calculated as
the absolute difference between the maximum and minimum phase values within the
Measurement range.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:DEViation? on page 347
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:PHASe:DEViation on page 268
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:DEViation:LIMit? on page 365
3.1.5 Envelope model (cardinal data points) parameters
The pulse envelope model has the shape of a trapezoid of amplitude (V) versus time
(s) values. This model allows for a finite rise and fall time, as well as an amplitude
droop across the top of the pulse. During measurement of each pulse, the points of this
trapezoidal model are determined as the basis for further measurements. For example,
the rise and fall time amplitude thresholds or the "pulse top" duration are determined
from the parameters of the envelope model.
Figure 3-2: Envelope model parameters
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Each of these parameters has a time and an amplitude value. The time values are relative to the pulse timestamp and displayed in seconds. The amplitude values are displayed as power in dBm units.
You configure the desired high, mid and low thresholds for the rise and fall slopes relative to the base (0%) and top (100%) levels. See Chapter 5.8.1, "Measurement levels",
on page 90.
The power value of the rise base point and the fall base point is assumed to be equal
and is defined by the "Base Power" parameter found in the "Amplitude Parameters"
group of the table configuration (see "Base Power" on page 19).
Rise Base Point Time....................................................................................................26
Rise Low Point Time..................................................................................................... 26
Rise Mid Point Time......................................................................................................26
Rise High Point Time.....................................................................................................27
Rise Top Point Time......................................................................................................27
Rise Low Point Level.....................................................................................................27
Rise Mid Point Level..................................................................................................... 27
Rise High Point Level....................................................................................................27
Rise Top Point Level..................................................................................................... 27
Fall Base Point Time.....................................................................................................28
Fall Low Point Time.......................................................................................................28
Fall Mid Point Time........................................................................................................28
Fall High Point Time......................................................................................................28
Fall Top Point Time........................................................................................................28
Fall Low Point Level......................................................................................................28
Fall Mid Point Level.......................................................................................................28
Fall High Point Level..................................................................................................... 29
Fall Top Point Level.......................................................................................................29
Rise Base Point Time
The time the amplitude starts rising above 0 %.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RBPTime? on page 359
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:RBPTime on page 263
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RBPTime:LIMit? on page 365
Rise Low Point Time
The time the amplitude reaches the Low (Proximal) Threshold in the rising edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RLPTime? on page 361
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:RLPTime on page 264
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RLPTime:LIMit? on page 365
Rise Mid Point Time
The time the amplitude reaches the Mid (Mesial) Threshold in the rising edge.
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RMPTime? on page 363
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:RMPTime on page 265
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RMPTime:LIMit? on page 365
Rise High Point Time
The time the amplitude reaches the High (Distal) Threshold in the rising edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RHPTime? on page 360
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:RHPTime on page 264
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RHPTime:LIMit? on page 365
Rise Top Point Time
The time the amplitude reaches the 100 % level in the rising edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RTPTime? on page 364
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:RTPTime on page 266
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RTPTime:LIMit? on page 365
Rise Low Point Level
The amplitude of the Low (Proximal) Threshold in the rising edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RLPLevel? on page 361
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:RLPLevel on page 264
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RLPLevel:LIMit? on page 365
Rise Mid Point Level
The amplitude of the Mid (Mesial) Threshold in the rising edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RMPLevel? on page 362
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:RMPLevel on page 265
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RMPLevel:LIMit? on page 365
Rise High Point Level
The amplitude of the High (Distal) Threshold in the rising edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RHPLevel? on page 359
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:RHPLevel on page 264
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RHPLevel:LIMit? on page 365
Rise Top Point Level
The amplitude at 100 % in the rising edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RTPLevel? on page 363
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:RTPLevel on page 265
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:RTPLevel:LIMit? on page 365
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Fall Base Point Time
The time the amplitude reaches 0 % on the falling edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FBPTime? on page 353
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:FBPTime on page 261
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FBPTime:LIMit? on page 365
Fall Low Point Time
The time the amplitude reaches the Low (Proximal) Threshold in the falling edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FLPTime? on page 355
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:FLPTime on page 262
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FLPTime:LIMit? on page 365
Fall Mid Point Time
The time the amplitude reaches the Mid (Mesial) Threshold in the falling edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FMPTime? on page 357
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:FMPTime on page 263
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FMPTime:LIMit? on page 365
Fall High Point Time
The time the amplitude reaches the High (Distal) Threshold in the falling edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FHPTime? on page 354
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:FHPTime on page 262
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FHPTime:LIMit? on page 365
Fall Top Point Time
The time the amplitude falls below the 100 % level in the falling edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FTPTime? on page 358
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:FTPTime on page 263
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FTPTime:LIMit? on page 365
Fall Low Point Level
The amplitude of the Low (Proximal) Threshold in the falling edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FLPLevel? on page 355
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:FLPLevel on page 262
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FLPLevel:LIMit? on page 365
Fall Mid Point Level
The amplitude of the Mid (Mesial) Threshold in the falling edge.
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Measurements and result displays
Evaluation methods for pulse measurements
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FMPLevel? on page 356
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:FMPLevel on page 262
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FMPLevel:LIMit? on page 365
Fall High Point Level
The amplitude of the High (Distal) Threshold in the falling edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FHPLevel? on page 353
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:FHPLevel on page 261
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FHPLevel:LIMit? on page 365
Fall Top Point Level
The amplitude at 100 % in the falling edge.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FTPLevel? on page 357
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:EMODel:FTPLevel on page 263
[SENSe:]PULSe:EMODel:FTPLevel:LIMit? on page 365
3.2 Evaluation methods for pulse measurements
The data that was measured by the R&S VSE Pulse application can be evaluated
using various different methods.
By default, the Pulse measurement results are displayed in the following windows:
●
"Magnitude Capture"
●
"Pulse Results"
●
"Pulse Frequency"
●
"Pulse Magnitude"
●
"Pulse Phase"
The following evaluation methods are available for Pulse measurements:
Magnitude Capture........................................................................................................30
Marker Table ................................................................................................................ 31
Parameter Distribution.................................................................................................. 31
Parameter Spectrum.....................................................................................................33
Parameter Trend...........................................................................................................33
Pulse Frequency........................................................................................................... 36
Pulse I and Q................................................................................................................ 36
Pulse Magnitude........................................................................................................... 37
Pulse Phase..................................................................................................................38
Pulse Phase (Wrapped)................................................................................................39
Pulse Results................................................................................................................ 39
Pulse-Pulse Spectrum...................................................................................................41
Pulse Statistics..............................................................................................................42
Result Range Spectrum................................................................................................43
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Measurements and result displays
Evaluation methods for pulse measurements
Magnitude Capture
Displays the captured data. Detected pulses are indicated by green bars along the xaxis. The currently selected pulse is highlighted in blue.
Additionally, the following parameters are indicated by horizontal lines in the diagram:
●
"Ref": the pulse detection reference level (see Chapter 5.8.1, "Measurement lev-
els", on page 90)
●
"Det": the pulse detection threshold (see "Threshold" on page 89)
●
"100 %": a fixed top power level (see "Fixed Value" on page 92)
You can drag the line in the diagram to change the top power level.
The detection range is indicated by vertical lines ("DR", see "Detection Range"
on page 89). You can drag the lines within the capture buffer to change the detection
range.
With option R&S VSE-K6A installed, the R&S VSE can display up to four measurement
channels simultaneously.
30User Manual 1176.8922.02 ─ 11
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