Rohde&Schwarz R&S®VSE-K144 NR 5G DL User Manual
R&S®VSE-K144 / -K146
3GPP 5G NR Measurement
Application (Downlink)
User Manual
(;Üèè2)
1178909002
Version 07
This manual applies to the following software, version 2.20 and later:
●
R&S®VSE Enterprise Edition base software (1345.1105.06)
●
R&S®VSE Basic Edition base software (1345.1011.06)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S®VSE-K144 (5G NR R15 Downlink / Uplink Measurements) (1309.9574.02)
●
R&S®VSE-K146 (5G NR MIMO Measurements) (1345.1305.02)
●
R&S®VSE-K148 (5G NR R16 Downlink / Uplink Measurements) (1345.1392.02)
●
R&S®VSE-K171 (5G NR R17 Downlink / Uplink Measurements) (1345.1663.02)
●
R&S®VSE-K175 (O-RAN Measurements) (1350.7020.02)
●
R&S®VSE-KT144 (5G NR R15 Downlink / Uplink Measurements) (1345.1740.02)
●
R&S®VSE-KT146 (5G NR MIMO Measurements) (1345.1734.02)
●
R&S®VSE-KT148 (5G NR R16 Downlink / Uplink Measurements) (1345.2099.02)
●
R&S®VSE-KT175 (O-RAN Measurements) (1345.2076.02)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.9090.02 | Version 07 | R&S®VSE-K144 / -K146
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®VSE is indicated as
R&S VSE.
R&S®VSE-K144 / -K146
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 9
1.1 About this manual.........................................................................................................9
1.2 Documentation overview..............................................................................................9
1.3 Typographical conventions........................................................................................10
2 Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application............................ 12
2.1 Overview of the 5G NR applications......................................................................... 12
2.2 Installation................................................................................................................... 14
2.3 5G NR measurement application selection.............................................................. 14
2.4 Display information.....................................................................................................15
3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 18
Contents
3.1 Selecting measurements............................................................................................18
3.2 Selecting result displays............................................................................................ 20
3.3 Performing measurements.........................................................................................20
3.4 Result summary.......................................................................................................... 20
3.5 I/Q measurements....................................................................................................... 28
3.6 Time alignment error...................................................................................................43
3.7 Transmit on / off power measurement...................................................................... 46
3.8 Frequency sweep measurements..............................................................................50
3.9 Reference: custom limits........................................................................................... 54
3.10 Reference: 3GPP test scenarios................................................................................55
4 Configuration........................................................................................58
4.1 I/Q measurement......................................................................................................... 58
4.1.1 Configuration overview..................................................................................................59
4.1.2 Automatic measurement configuration..........................................................................60
4.1.3 Physical signal description............................................................................................ 64
4.1.4 Test scenarios............................................................................................................... 66
4.1.5 Component carrier configuration...................................................................................68
4.1.6 MIMO configuration.......................................................................................................73
4.1.7 Antenna port configuration............................................................................................ 76
4.1.8 Radio frame configuration............................................................................................. 78
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4.1.9 Synchronization signal configuration.............................................................................82
4.1.10 Bandwidth part configuration.........................................................................................88
4.1.11 Slot configuration.......................................................................................................... 93
4.1.12 PDSCH and PDCCH configuration............................................................................. 105
4.1.13 Advanced settings.......................................................................................................126
4.1.14 Selecting the input and output source.........................................................................132
4.1.15 Frequency configuration..............................................................................................136
4.1.16 Amplitude configuration...............................................................................................137
4.1.17 Trigger configuration................................................................................................... 141
4.1.18 Data capture................................................................................................................142
4.1.19 Tracking.......................................................................................................................146
4.1.20 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 148
4.2 Time alignment error configuration.........................................................................152
Contents
4.3 Transmit on / off power configuration.....................................................................152
4.4 Frequency sweep measurement configuration......................................................153
4.5 Microservice export.................................................................................................. 156
4.6 Time trigger measurement guide.............................................................................157
4.7 Reference: MIMO measurement guide....................................................................158
4.7.1 Calibration................................................................................................................... 158
4.7.2 Power sensors............................................................................................................ 160
4.7.3 Oscilloscopes.............................................................................................................. 164
4.7.4 Combiners...................................................................................................................165
4.7.5 Signal analyzers..........................................................................................................167
4.8 O-RAN measurement guide..................................................................................... 169
4.9 Reference: structure of .allocation files..................................................................170
5 Analysis.............................................................................................. 179
5.1 General analysis tools.............................................................................................. 179
5.1.1 Data export..................................................................................................................179
5.1.2 Diagram scale............................................................................................................. 180
5.1.3 Zoom........................................................................................................................... 181
5.1.4 Markers....................................................................................................................... 181
5.2 Analysis tools for I/Q measurements......................................................................182
5.2.1 Layout of numerical results......................................................................................... 182
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5.2.2 Result settings.............................................................................................................182
5.2.3 Table configuration......................................................................................................185
5.2.4 Result views................................................................................................................ 186
5.2.5 Evaluation range......................................................................................................... 187
5.2.6 Beamforming selection................................................................................................191
5.3 Analysis tools for frequency sweep measurements............................................. 191
6 Remote control...................................................................................192
6.1 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 192
6.2 Introduction............................................................................................................... 193
6.2.1 Conventions used in descriptions............................................................................... 193
6.2.2 Long and short form.................................................................................................... 194
6.2.3 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................194
Contents
6.2.4 Optional keywords.......................................................................................................195
6.2.5 Alternative keywords................................................................................................... 195
6.2.6 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................195
6.3 5G NR application selection.....................................................................................198
6.4 Screen layout.............................................................................................................198
6.4.1 General layout.............................................................................................................198
6.4.2 Layout over all channels............................................................................................. 199
6.4.3 Layout of a single channel.......................................................................................... 202
6.5 Measurement control................................................................................................208
6.6 Remote commands to retrieve numeric results.....................................................210
6.6.1 Result summary.......................................................................................................... 210
6.6.2 Time alignment error................................................................................................... 224
6.6.3 Marker table................................................................................................................ 224
6.6.4 CCDF table................................................................................................................. 227
6.7 Limit check results....................................................................................................229
6.7.1 EVM limits................................................................................................................... 229
6.7.2 Transmit power on / off limits...................................................................................... 233
6.7.3 Frequency sweep limits...............................................................................................234
6.8 Retrieve trace data.................................................................................................... 242
6.8.1 Using the TRACe[:DATA] command........................................................................... 242
6.8.2 Read measurement results......................................................................................... 260
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6.9 Configuration.............................................................................................................264
6.9.1 General configuration..................................................................................................264
6.9.2 Automatic configuration...............................................................................................267
6.9.3 Physical settings......................................................................................................... 271
6.9.4 Component carrier configuration.................................................................................275
6.9.5 General radio frame configuration...............................................................................280
6.9.6 Synchronization signal configuration...........................................................................281
6.9.7 Bandwidth part configuration.......................................................................................288
6.9.8 Slot configuration........................................................................................................ 292
6.9.9 CSI reference signal configuration.............................................................................. 299
6.9.10 Positioning reference signal........................................................................................ 308
6.9.11 CORESET allocation configuration............................................................................. 312
6.9.12 PDSCH allocation configuration..................................................................................318
Contents
6.9.13 Enhanced CORESET allocation configuration............................................................326
6.9.14 Enhanced PDSCH settings: DMRS............................................................................ 342
6.9.15 Enhanced PDSCH settings: PTRS............................................................................. 352
6.9.16 Enhanced PDSCH settings: scrambling / coding........................................................ 355
6.9.17 Antenna port configuration.......................................................................................... 359
6.9.18 MIMO configuration.....................................................................................................360
6.9.19 Advanced settings: global........................................................................................... 362
6.9.20 Advanced settings: reference point A......................................................................... 366
6.9.21 Advanced settings: LTE-CRS coexistence..................................................................369
6.9.22 Generator control........................................................................................................ 372
6.9.23 Inputs configuration.....................................................................................................378
6.9.24 Frequency configuration..............................................................................................382
6.9.25 Amplitude configuration...............................................................................................384
6.9.26 Data capture................................................................................................................388
6.9.27 Trigger.........................................................................................................................391
6.9.28 Tracking.......................................................................................................................397
6.9.29 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 400
6.9.30 Time alignment measurement.....................................................................................403
6.9.31 Transmit on/off power measurements.........................................................................403
6.9.32 Frequency sweep measurements............................................................................... 406
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6.10 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 410
6.10.1 General analysis tools.................................................................................................410
6.10.2 Analysis tools for I/Q measurements.......................................................................... 422
Annex.................................................................................................. 433
A Annex: reference................................................................................433
A.1 Menu reference..........................................................................................................433
A.1.1 Common R&S VSE menus......................................................................................... 433
A.1.2 LTE measurement menus........................................................................................... 435
A.2 Reference of toolbar functions................................................................................ 437
List of commands (5G NR downlink)............................................... 441
Index....................................................................................................452
Contents
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Contents
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1 Preface
1.1 About this manual
This User Manual describes information specific to measurements in the LTE measurement application. All other applications are described in the corresponding appli-
cation manuals.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the R&S VSE
Introduction to and getting familiar with the software
●
Measurements and Results
Descriptions of the measurement types available in the R&S VSE software
●
Controlling Instruments and Capturing I/Q Data
Methods of data acquisition and description of basic instrument control functions
●
LTE Measurements
Description of the settings and functions provided to analyze results with the software and the corresponding remote control commands
●
Remote Commands for LTE Measurements
Remote commands required to configure and perform measurements in a remote
environment, sorted by tasks
Remote commands required to set up the environment and to perform common
tasks in the software, sorted by tasks
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes
●
List of Commands
Alphabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
Preface
Documentation overview
1.2 Documentation overview
The user documentation for the R&S VSE consists of the following parts:
●
"Getting Started" printed manual
●
Online Help system in the software
●
CD-ROM including the following documentation:
– Getting Started
– User Manuals for base software and options
– Service Manual
– Release Notes
– Data sheet and product brochures
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Online Help
The Online Help is embedded in the software. It offers quick, context-sensitive access
to the complete information needed for operation and programming. Online help is
available using the icon on the toolbar of the R&S VSE.
Getting Started
This manual is delivered with the software in printed form and in PDF format on the
CD. It provides the information needed to set up and start working with the software.
Basic operations and handling are described. Safety information is also included.
User Manuals
User manuals are provided for the base software and each additional (software)
option.
The user manuals are available in PDF format - in printable form - on the CD-ROM
delivered with the software. In the user manuals, all software functions are described in
detail. Furthermore, they provide a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples.
Preface
Typographical conventions
The user manual for the base software provides basic information on operating the
R&S VSE in general, and the I/Q Analyzer application in particular. Furthermore, the
software functions that enhance the basic functionality for various applications are
described here. An introduction to remote control is provided, as well as information on
troubleshooting.
In the individual application manuals, the specific software functions of the application
are described in detail. For additional information on default settings and parameters,
refer to the data sheets. Basic information on operating the R&S VSE is not included in
the application manuals.
Release Notes
The release notes describe the installation of the software, new and modified functions,
eliminated problems, and last minute changes to the documentation. The corresponding software version is indicated on the title page of the release notes.
Application Notes
Application notes, application cards, white papers and educational notes are further
publications that provide more comprehensive descriptions and background information. The latest versions are available for download from the Rohde & Schwarz website, at www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/.
1.3 Typographical conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
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Convention Description
Preface
Typographical conventions
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
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2 Welcome to the 5G NR measurement appli-
cation
The R&S VSE-K144 is a firmware application that adds functionality to measure signals according to the 3GPP 5G NR (new radio) standard on the downlink to the
R&S VSE.
Bandwidth of 5G NR signals
5G NR signals have a bandwidth between 5 MHz and 400 MHz.
If you measure signals with an instrument, measuring signals greater than 10 MHz
requires an instrument with one of the optional bandwidth extensions (28 MHz or
more).
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation. Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the spectrum application and are described in the R&S VSE
user manual. The latest versions of the manuals are available for download at the
product homepage.
Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Overview of the 5G NR applications
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/vse.
● Overview of the 5G NR applications....................................................................... 12
● Installation...............................................................................................................14
● 5G NR measurement application selection.............................................................14
● Display information..................................................................................................15
2.1 Overview of the 5G NR applications
You can equip the R&S VSE with one or more NR 5G applications. Each of the applications provides functionality for specific measurement tasks.
R&S VSE-K144
The R&S VSE-K144 is designed to measure NR 5G signals on the downlink and the
uplink.
The application supports features up to 3GPP release 15.
●
Basic signal characteristics (like multiple component carriers, frequency ranges
and channel bandwidths).
●
(Automatic) demodulation and configuration of the PDSCH and synchronization
signal (SS/PBCH).
●
(Automatic) demodulation and configuration of the PUSCH.
●
Configuration and analysis of multiple frames and bandwidth parts (multi-numerology).
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●
Configuration and analysis of special downlink channels and reference signals (like
the PDCCH, the CSI-RS or the PT-RS).
●
Configuration and analysis of special uplink channels and reference signals (like
the PUCCH, the PRACH, the SRS or the PT-RS).
●
Configuration and analysis of various demodulation reference signals.
●
Mapping of channels to different antenna ports.
●
LTE coexistance analysis for downlink signals.
●
Synchronization of the configuration with a connected Rohde & Schwarz signal
generator.
●
Tools to refine and filter the measurement results.
●
Various result displays that show the measured signal characteristics in a diagram
or a numeric result table.
●
Available measurements (downlink): EVM, ACLR, SEM, time alignment and on / off
power.
●
Available measurements (uplink): EVM, ACLR and SEM.
R&S VSE-K146
Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Overview of the 5G NR applications
The R&S VSE-K146 is designed to measure NR 5G downlink signals in a MIMO system.
Note that this application requires the R&S VSE-K144.
The application supports the following features.
●
Analysis of multiple data streams in a MIMO setup.
●
Advanced configuration of the antenna port mapping.
●
Extended functionality of the EVM result displays, including new result displays to
measure, for example, the phase characteristics of the signal.
●
Analysis of MIMO streams using multiple signal analyzers, oscilloscopes or power
sensors.
●
Calibration of the test setup using the R&S VSE-K544 application.
R&S VSE-K148
The R&S VSE-K148 extends the functionality of the base application with features
introduced with 3GPP release 16.
Note that this application requires the R&S VSE-K144.
Release 16 features include:
●
Configuration of DCI parameters.
●
Configuration and analysis of the PRS.
●
New operating bands, slot formats (for IAB) and test models introduced with
release 16.
●
New channel bandwidth introduced with release 16 (70 MHz).
●
Increased PDSCH DMRS length.
●
Increaed number of SS/PBCH blocks to support shared spectrum access.
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R&S VSE-K171
The R&S VSE-K171 extends the functionality of the base application with features
introduced with 3GPP release 17.
Note that this application requires the R&S VSE-K144 and the R&S VSE-K148.
Release 17 features include:
●
New deployment frequency range (FR2-2, up to 71 GHz).
●
New channel bandwidths introduced with FR2-2 (800 MHz, 1600 MHz and 2000
MHz).
●
New subcarrier spacings for various channels (user allocations, SS/PBCH, PRACH
etc.) introduced with FR2-2.
●
New channel bandwidths introduced with release 17 (35 MHz and 45 MHz).
●
Support of 1024QAM modulation in FR1.
●
New operating bands, test models and limits for ACLR and SEM measurements
introduced with release 17.
R&S VSE-K175
Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
5G NR measurement application selection
The R&S VSE-K175 extends the functionality of the base application with features that
allow measurements based on the O-RAN standard.
Note that this application requires the R&S VSE-K144.
The application supports the following features.
●
Support of O-RAN test cases.
●
Extended features in selected result displays that allow evaluation of O-RAN test
cases.
●
Automatic configuration of the NR 5G application upon selection of an O-RAN test
case.
2.2 Installation
Find detailed installation instructions in the getting started or the release notes of the
R&S VSE.
2.3 5G NR measurement application selection
The 5G NR measurement application adds a new application to the R&S VSE.
Starting the application
1.
Select the "Add Channel" function in the Sequence tool window.
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A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available in your R&S VSE.
2. Select the "5G NR" item.
The R&S VSE opens a new measurement channel for the 5G NR application.
The application starts with the default settings. You can configure measurements with
the items in the "Meas Setup" menu.
2.4 Display information
The following figure shows a typical display of the 5G NR application. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Display information
1 2 3 7 84 5 6
1
= Menu bar
2 = Toolbar
3 = Channel bar header, incl. color code for windows of the same channel (here: yellow)
4 = Channel bar
5 = Diagram header, incl. color code for windows of the same channel (here: yellow)
6 = Diagram area
7 = Diagram footer
8 = Status bar
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Channel bar information
In the 5G NR measurement application, the R&S VSE shows the following settings:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the 5G NR measurement application
Ref Level Reference level
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Freq Frequency
Mode* 5G NR mode (link direction and channel bandwidth)
Frame Count* The first number represents the number of frames that have already been
Capture Time Signal length that has been captured
Frame Frame that is currently analyzed
Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Display information
captured.
The second number represents the total number of frames that will be
captured.
The third number in brackets represents the number of frames currently in
the capture buffer.
BWP/SS Shows the signal part for which results are displayed (evaluation range).
SS = synchronization signal
BWP = bandwidth part
View<x> Information about the contents of View 1 and View 2.
Select the button for access to the dialog box for view configuration..
The channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display of the
measured values (for example transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For a comprhensive
description, refer to the user manual of the R&S VSE.
Diagram header
The information in the diagram header depends on the result display.
●
All diagrams show the window number and type of result display.
●
Most diagrams contain trace information.
●
Some diagrams contain controls to customize the diagram contents. The diagram
header of the "Allocation Summary", for example, contains a control to select which
columns are displayed.
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
Regarding the synchronization state, the application shows the following labels.
●
"Sync OK"
The synchronization was successful. The status bar is green.
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●
"Sync Failed"
The synchronization was not successful. The status bar is red.
Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Display information
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3 Measurements and result displays
The 5G NR measurement application measures and analyzes various aspects of a 5G
NR signal.
The application provides several measurements and result displays.
●
Measurements capture and analyze the signal in a different way.
●
Result displays are different representations of the measurement results. They are
either diagrams that show the results as a graph or tables that show the results as
numbers.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 265
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 202
● Selecting measurements.........................................................................................18
● Selecting result displays..........................................................................................20
● Performing measurements......................................................................................20
● Result summary...................................................................................................... 20
● I/Q measurements...................................................................................................28
● Time alignment error...............................................................................................43
● Transmit on / off power measurement.....................................................................46
● Frequency sweep measurements...........................................................................50
● Reference: custom limits.........................................................................................54
● Reference: 3GPP test scenarios.............................................................................55
Measurements and result displays
Selecting measurements
3.1 Selecting measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
The "Select Measurement" dialog box contains several buttons. Each button represents a measurement. A measurement in turn is a set of result displays that thematically belong together and that have a particular display configuration. If these predefined display configurations do not suit your requirements, you can add or remove
result displays as you like. For more information about selecting result displays, see
Chapter 3.2, "Selecting result displays", on page 20.
Depending on the measurement, the R&S VSE changes the way it captures and processes the raw signal data.
EVM
EVM measurements record, process and demodulate the signal's I/Q data. The result
displays available for EVM measurements show various aspects of the 5G NR signal
quality.
For EVM measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.5, "I/Q measurements",
on page 28.
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Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 265
Time alignment error
Time alignment error (TAE) measurements record, process and demodulate the signal's I/Q data. The result displays available for TAE measurements indicate how well
the antennas in a multi-antenna system are aligned.
For TAE measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.6, "Time alignment error",
on page 43.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 265
Transmit on / off power
Transmit on / off power measurements record and process the signal's I/Q data without
demodulating the data. The result displays available for transmit on / off power measurements show various aspects of the transition from on to off power.
For transmit on / off power measurements, you can combine the result displays in any
way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.7, "Transmit on / off power
measurement", on page 46.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 265
Measurements and result displays
Selecting measurements
Channel power ACLR
ACLR measurements process captured the I/Q data.
The ACLR measurements evaluates the leakage ratio of neighboring channels and
evaluates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several
result displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.8, "Frequency sweep mea-
surements", on page 50.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 265
SEM
SEM measurements process captured the I/Q data.
The SEM measurements tests the signal against a spectrum emission mask and eval-
uates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several result
displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.8, "Frequency sweep mea-
surements", on page 50.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 265
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3.2 Selecting result displays
Access: or "Window" > "New Window"
The R&S VSE opens a menu to select result displays. Depending on the number of
LTE channels you are currently using, there is a submenu that contains all available
result displays for each LTE channel.
In the default state of the application, it shows several conventional result displays.
●
Capture Buffer
●
EVM vs Carrier
●
Power Spectrum
●
Result Summary
●
Alloc ID vs Symbol x Carrier
●
Constellation Diagram
From that predefined state, add and remove result displays to the channels as you like
from the "Window" menu.
Measurements and result displays
Result summary
Remote command: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 202
3.3 Performing measurements
By default, the application measures the signal continuously. In "Continuous Sweep"
mode, the R&S VSE captures and analyzes the data again and again.
●
For I/Q measurements, the amount of captured data depends on the capture time.
●
For frequency sweep measurement, the amount of captured data depends on the
sweep time.
In "Single Sweep" mode, the R&S VSE stops measuring after it has captured the data
once. The amount of data again depends on the capture time.
Refreshing captured data
You can also repeat a measurement based on the data that has already been captured
with the "Refresh" function. Repeating a measurement with the same data can be useful, for example, if you want to apply different modulation settings to the same I/Q data.
For more information, see the documentation of the R&S VSE.
3.4 Result summary
In addition to various graphical results, the R&S VSE provides a numerical result summary for I/Q measurements. The result summary shows a multitude of results that indicate the signal quality, combined in one table.
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The result summary is split into several parts.
●
Frame statistics, which evaluate the metrics of the resource elements in a complete
frame.
Results are averaged over frames.
●
Slot and subframe statistics, which evaluate metrics of the resource elements in a
single slot or subframe.
Results are averaged over slots / subframes.
If you are using different numerologies, the R&S VSE first averages all slots with the
same numerology, before calculating the overall mean value.
Each row in the table corresponds to a certain metric or result parameter. You can add
or remove results you want to display as necessary.
By default, the R&S VSE evaluates the results over all captured frames, bandwidth
parts, subframes and slots. For most results, the result summary therefore contains a
mean (average), maximum and minimum value.
Measurements and result displays
Result summary
Limit check
The R&S VSE also tests several results against limits, if 3GPP has defined limits for a
result. Limits are only evaluated if the signal complies to the 3GPP specification
regarding the number of analyzed frames and the results are averaged over all frames.
Depending on the limit test, the results are highlighted.
●
If one of the results passes the limit, the value is highlighted green.
●
If one of the results violates the limit, the value is highlighted red.
●
Results that are not evaluated are not highlighted in a color.
For some results you can define custom limits. For more information, see Chapter 3.9,
"Reference: custom limits", on page 54.
You can check if a result supports limit evaluation in the result descriptions below. The
result descriptions also indicate special behavior of the limit check.
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Evaluation range and multiple frame analysis
The evaluation range selects the way the results are evaluated and which values are
displayed.
For the frame statistics, the evaluation range is irrelevant. However, you can select a
specific frame that you want to analyze.
●
Select "Frame Averaged" in the result summary header to display the average
result over all analyzed frames. The average results relate to all frames, not just
those in the capture buffer.
The table also shows the minimum and maximum values over the analyzed
frames.
●
Select "Selected Frame" in the result summary header to display the results for a
single frame.
If you analyze a single frame, the mean, minimum and maximum values are the
same.
For the slot statistics and subframe statistics, the effects of the evaluation range are
as follows.
●
Select "Frame Averaged" in the result summary header to display the average
results over all analyzed slots in all analyzed frames. The average results relate to
all frames, not just those in the capture buffer. The table also shows the minimum
and maximum values found in the analyzed frames.
When you select a specific BWP, subframe or slot while in "Frame Averaged"
mode, the R&S VSE automatically selects "Selected Frame" mode.
●
Select "Selected Frame" in the result summary header to display the results over
all analyzed slots in a single frame. The analyzed frame depends on the frame you
have selected. In this case, you can filter the evaluation range as you like.
Examples:
– If you select a specific BWP: the R&S VSE takes the average over all slots in
– If you select a specific subframe: the R&S VSE takes the average over all slots
– If you select a specific slot: the R&S VSE shows the result for that slot.
The current evaluation range is indicated in the header row of the slot statistics.
Measurements and result displays
Result summary
the selected BWP.
in the selected subframe.
Note that selecting a specific slot for the subframe results (frequency and sampling error) will not make a difference, because those results are always calculated over a complete subframe.
Multiple carrier analysis
For measurements on multiple carriers, the contents of the result summary depend on
your configuration, especially the CC result setting.
●
Select "CC Result" = "All" to display information about all component carriers,
regardless of the number of component carriers.
– The "All" tab shows the average results for all component carriers. Each col-
umn in the table corresponds to one component carrier.
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– The "View <x>" tabs show the detailed results for the component carriers
●
Select "CC Result" = "Viewed" to display information about the component carriers
assigned to the two views.
– The "All" tab shows the average results for the two selected component carri-
– The "View <x>" tabs show the detailed results for the component carriers
Note that analyzing all component carriers is slower compared analyzing the viewed
component carriers, because of the post-processing that occurs during the analysis.
Thus, if time is an issue, you can select two component carriers to analyze, and, if you
are later interested in the characteristics of another component carrier, analyze that
component carrier later (the data of the other carriers is available, just not analyzed).
Measurements and result displays
Result summary
assigned to the two views.
ers. Depending on your selection in the result summary header, the results are
either averaged over all frames, or relate to a single frame.
assigned to the two views. Depending on your selection in the result summary
header, the results are either averaged over all frames, or relate to a single,
selected frame.
If you analyze only one frame, the results are the same in both cases.
Units
Most of the units of the results are fixed.
The unit of the EVM results depends on the selected EVM unit.
Remote queries.............................................................................................................23
EVM PDSCH.................................................................................................................24
BLER (%)...................................................................................................................... 24
TPUT (%)...................................................................................................................... 25
Frame Start Offset.........................................................................................................25
EVM All......................................................................................................................... 25
EVM Peak..................................................................................................................... 25
EVM Phys Channel.......................................................................................................25
EVM Phys Signal.......................................................................................................... 26
Frequency Error............................................................................................................ 26
Sampling Error.............................................................................................................. 26
Power............................................................................................................................26
I/Q Offset.......................................................................................................................26
I/Q Gain Imbalance....................................................................................................... 26
I/Q Quadrature Error..................................................................................................... 27
Crest Factor.................................................................................................................. 27
OSTP............................................................................................................................ 27
RSTP.............................................................................................................................27
RSRP............................................................................................................................ 27
Remote queries
The remote commands to query individual results and limit check results are indicated
in the description of the respective result.
Alternatively, you can query all results or limit check results at the same time using a
single command.
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Remote command:
Results: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:ALL?
on page 212
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:ALL:RESult? on page 229
EVM PDSCH
Shows the EVM for all PDSCH resource elements with a certain modulation in the analyzed frame (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM).
3GPP release 17 adds 1024QAM modulation.
Limit evaluation supported.
Remote command:
QPSK: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSQP[:
AVERage]? on page 215
16QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSST[:
AVERage]? on page 216
64QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSSF[:
AVERage]? on page 215
256QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:
DSTS[:AVERage]? on page 216
1024QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:
DS1K[:AVERage]? on page 214
Limit check QPSK: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSQP[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 230
Limit check 16QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSST[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 232
Limit check 64QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSSF[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 231
Limit check 256QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSTS[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 232
Limit check 1024QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DS1K[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 230
Measurements and result displays
Result summary
BLER (%)
Shows the block error rate (BLER) for all code blocks used by the PDSCH as a percentage. The BLER is the ratio of the number of erroneously transmitted code blocks
to all code blocks in the analyzed frame.
Note that the result is only calculated if the number of bits per code block is identical
for all allocations.
To see the BLER results, you have turn on the throughput measurement.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:BLER[:AVERage]?
on page 213
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TPUT (%)
Shows the throughput for all code blocks used by the PDSCH. The BLER is the ratio of
the number of successfully transmitted code blocks to all code blocks in the analyzed
frame.
Note that the result is only calculated if the number of bits per code block is identical
for all allocations.
To see the throughput results, you have turn on the throughput measurement.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:TPUT[:AVERage]?
on page 223
Frame Start Offset
Shows the start of the frame relative to the start of the capture buffer.
Unavailable for "Frame Averaged" results, otherwise refers to the selected frame.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:TFRame? on page 223
Measurements and result displays
Result summary
EVM All
Shows the EVM for all resource elements in the selected evaluation range.
The result is a weighted average over all resource elements (PDSCH, DMRS etc.).
The number of occupied resource blocks and the number of used symbols of each
allocation is taken into account in the calculation of the mean EVM. Therefore, a fully
loaded PDSCH across multiple symbols gets a much higher weight than a single symbol DMRS.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:
AVERage]? on page 213
EVM Peak
Shows the EVM of the resource element with the highest EVM value in the selected
evaluation range.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:PEAK[:
AVERage]? on page 217
EVM Phys Channel
Shows the EVM for all physical channel resource elements in the selected evaluation
range.
A physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying information
from higher layers. PDSCH, PUSCH, PBCH or PDCCH, for example, are physical
channels.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel[:
AVERage]? on page 217
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EVM Phys Signal
Shows the EVM for all physical signal resource elements in the selected evaluation
range.
The reference signal is a physical signal, for example.
Frequency Error
Shows the difference in the measured center frequency and the reference center frequency.
The frequency error is calculated over a subframe.
Limits are evaluated if you turn on the limit check.
The R&S VSE checks the measured frequency error against the limits defined by
3GPP. The values are highlighted green (pass) or red (fail) respectively. The color of
the mean value indicates the overall limit check passes or fails. Note that if you evaluate a single subframe only, the minimum, maximum and mean values are the same.
The limit values depend on the base station category.
Remote command:
Result: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:FERRor[:
AVERage]? on page 218
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:FERRor[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 233
Measurements and result displays
Result summary
Sampling Error
Shows the difference in measured symbol clock and reference symbol clock relative to
the system sampling rate.
The sampling error is calculated over a subframe.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]?
on page 222
Power
Shows the average time domain power for all resource elements in the selected evaluation range.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]?
on page 220
I/Q Offset
Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power.
Not available for multiple BWPs.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:
AVERage]? on page 219
I/Q Gain Imbalance
Shows the logarithm of the gain ratio between the Q-channel and the I-channel.
Not available for multiple BWPs and only calculated if you turn on the calculation.
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Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:
AVERage]? on page 219
I/Q Quadrature Error
Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q-channel and I-channel deviating
from the ideal 90 degrees.
Not available for multiple BWPs and only calculated if you turn on the calculation.
Crest Factor
Shows the peak-to-average power ratio of the captured signal.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]? on page 213
OSTP
Shows the OFDM symbol transmit power.
The result is the average power of all OFDM symbols that carry PDSCH and not con-
taining PDCCH, RS or SSB within a slot.
Not available for multiple BWPs.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:OSTP[:AVERage]?
on page 220
Measurements and result displays
Result summary
RSTP
Shows the reference signal transmit power.
The result is an average over all PDSCH DMRS within a frame. For the calculation, the
R&S VSE first averages all DMRS in each slot, and then averages this value over all
slots in a frame.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:RSTP[:AVERage]?
on page 222
RSRP
Shows the reference signal receive power for the CSI reference signal (CSI-RSRP)
and the second synchonization reference signal (SS-RSRP) as defined in 3GPP
38.215.
It is an average power over all resource elements that carry the CSI or SS reference
signal.
Remote command:
CSI-RSRP: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:RSRP:
CSI[:AVERage]? on page 221
SS-RSRP: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:RSRP:
SS[:AVERage]? on page 221
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3.5 I/Q measurements
Access: [MEAS] > "EVM/Frequency Err/Power"
For I/Q measurements, the R&S VSE captures and then analyzes the demodulated I/Q
data. I/Q measurements provide various result displays that show different aspects and
characteristics of the captured signal.
You can select the result displays from the evaluation bar and arrange them as you like
with the SmartGrid functionality.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 265
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 202
Capture Buffer...............................................................................................................28
EVM vs Carrier..............................................................................................................29
EVM vs Symbol.............................................................................................................30
EVM vs RB....................................................................................................................31
Frequency Error vs Symbol...........................................................................................31
Frequency Error vs Subframe.......................................................................................32
Power Spectrum............................................................................................................33
Flatness.........................................................................................................................33
CCDF............................................................................................................................ 34
Constellation Diagram...................................................................................................35
Allocation Summary...................................................................................................... 35
Channel Decoder Results............................................................................................. 36
Bitstream.......................................................................................................................37
EVM vs Symbol x Carrier..............................................................................................38
Power vs Symbol x Carrier............................................................................................39
Allocation ID vs Symbol x Carrier..................................................................................39
RS Magnitude............................................................................................................... 40
RS Phase......................................................................................................................40
RS Phase Difference.....................................................................................................41
Beamforming Summary................................................................................................ 42
Marker Table................................................................................................................. 43
Measurements and result displays
I/Q measurements
Capture Buffer
The "Capture Buffer" shows the complete range of captured data for the last data capture.
The x-axis represents time. The maximum value of the x-axis is equal to the Capture
Time.
The y-axis represents the amplitude of the captured I/Q data in dBm (for RF input).
The capture buffer uses the auto peak detector to evaluate the measurement data. The
auto peak detector determines the maximum and the minimum value of the measured
levels for each measurement point and combines both values in one sample point.
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Figure 3-1: Capture buffer without zoom
A green bar at the bottom of the diagram represents the frame that is currently analyzed.
A green vertical line at the beginning of the green bar in the capture buffer represents
the frame start. The diagram also contains the "Start Offset" value. This value is the
time difference between the frame start and capture buffer start.
The header of the "Capture Buffer" result display contains an "I/Q Export" button that
allows you to export I/Q data easily.
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CBUF
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 263
Frame start offset: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:TFRame?
on page 223
Measurements and result displays
I/Q measurements
EVM vs Carrier
The "EVM vs Carrier" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the
subcarriers. With the help of a marker, you can use it as a debugging technique to
identify any subcarriers whose EVM is too high.
The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource elements for each subcarrier. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each analyzed slot in the capture buffer.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all synchronization signals (SS) and bandwidth parts (BWP), the
result display contains one trace for the synchronization signal and a variable number of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The traces show the average
EVM of the corresponding signal part. The diagram header contains a legend that
shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only the synchronization signal, one specific bandwidth part, or a
single subframe, the diagram contains three traces. The traces show the following
information.
– The average subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
– The lowest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
– The highest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows
the subcarrier EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in
that case are the same.
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The x-axis represents the center frequencies of the subcarriers. The y-axis shows the
EVM in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.
Remote command:
Selection LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVCA
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 263
EVM vs Symbol
The "EVM vs Symbol" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the
OFDM symbols. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any symbols
whose EVM is too high.
The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource elements for each subcarrier. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each analyzed slot in the capture buffer.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all synchronization signals (SS) and bandwidth parts (BWP), the
result display contains one trace for the synchronization signal and a variable number of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The diagram header contains a
legend that shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only the synchronization signal, one specific bandwidth part, a single
subframe or a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows the
average EVM of the symbols in the selected signal part.
The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols, with each symbol represented by a dot on
the line. Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R&S VSE
could not determine the EVM for that symbol.
On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.
Measurements and result displays
I/Q measurements
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,EVSY
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 263
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