Rohde&Schwarz R&S®SMW200A Fading Simulator user manual User Manual
Fading Simulation
R&S®SMW-B14/-B15/-K71/-K72/-
K73/-K74/-K75/-K820/-K821/-K822/K823
User Manual
(;ÙÒJ2)
1175682602
Version 27
This document describes the following software options:
●
R&S®SMW-B14 Fading simulator (1413.1500.02)
●
R&S®SMW-B15 Fading simulator and signal processor (1414.4710.xx)
●
R&S®SMW-K71 Dynamic fading (1413.3532.xx)
●
R&S®SMW-K72 Enhanced models (1413.3584.xx)
●
R&S®SMW-K73 MIMO-OTA enhancements (1414.2300.xx)
●
R&S®SMW-K74 MIMO-fading/routing (1413.3632.xx)
●
R&S®SMW-K75 Higher-order MIMO (1413.9576.xx)
●
R&S®SMW-K820 Customized dynamic fading (1414.2581.xx)
●
R&S®SMW-K821 MIMO subsets (1414.4403.xx)
●
R&S®SMW-K822 Fading BW extension (1414.6712.xx)
●
R&S®SMW-K823 Fading BW extension (1414.6735.xx)
This manual describes firmware version FW 5.00.166.xx and later of the R&S®SMW200A.
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1175.6826.02 | Version 27 | Fading Simulation
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®SMW200A is abbreviated as R&S SMW, R&S®WinIQSIM2 is
abbreviated as R&S WinIQSIM2; the license types 02/03/07/11/13/16/12 are abbreviated as xx.
ContentsFading Simulation
Contents
1 Welcome to the fading simulator........................................................13
1.1 Accessing the fading simulator.................................................................................14
1.2 What's new...................................................................................................................14
1.3 Documentation overview............................................................................................14
1.3.1 Getting started manual..................................................................................................15
1.3.2 User manuals and help................................................................................................. 15
1.3.3 Tutorials.........................................................................................................................15
1.3.4 Service manual............................................................................................................. 15
1.3.5 Instrument security procedures.....................................................................................15
1.3.6 Printed safety instructions............................................................................................. 16
1.3.7 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................... 16
1.3.8 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)............................................ 16
1.3.9 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.................................................16
1.4 Scope........................................................................................................................... 17
1.5 Notes on screenshots.................................................................................................17
2 About the fading simulator................................................................. 18
2.1 Required options.........................................................................................................18
2.2 Overview of the functions provided by the fading simulator................................. 20
2.3 Definition of commonly used terms.......................................................................... 22
2.4 Major differences between R&S SMW-B14 and R&S SMW-B15............................. 25
2.5 Further signal processing.......................................................................................... 27
3 Fading settings.....................................................................................28
3.1 General settings.......................................................................................................... 29
3.2 Restart settings........................................................................................................... 38
3.3 Insertion loss configuration, coupled parameters and global fader coupling......39
3.3.1 Insertion loss configuration settings.............................................................................. 41
3.3.2 Coupled parameters and global fader coupling settings............................................... 43
3.4 Path table..................................................................................................................... 44
3.4.1 Table settings................................................................................................................ 46
3.4.2 Copy path group settings.............................................................................................. 47
3.4.3 Path table settings.........................................................................................................48
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3.5 Path graph................................................................................................................... 56
3.6 Birth death propagation............................................................................................. 57
3.7 Moving propagation....................................................................................................63
3.7.1 Moving propagation conditions for testing of baseband performance...........................63
3.7.2 Moving propagation conditions for testing the UL timing adjustment performance.......66
3.7.3 Path tables moving propagation....................................................................................68
3.8 Two channel interferer................................................................................................ 71
3.9 Customized dynamic fading...................................................................................... 77
3.10 High-speed train..........................................................................................................79
3.10.1 Scenario 1 and scenario 3............................................................................................ 80
3.10.2 Scenario 2..................................................................................................................... 80
3.10.3 High-speed train scenario parameters.......................................................................... 80
3.11 Custom fading profile.................................................................................................85
4 Signal routing settings........................................................................ 88
5 Multiple input multiple output (MIMO)................................................92
5.1 Multiple entity MxN MIMO test configurations......................................................... 93
5.2 How to enable LxMxN MIMO test configurations.....................................................93
5.3 Fading settings in MIMO configuration.....................................................................96
5.3.1 Current path (Tap) settings..........................................................................................101
5.3.2 Correlation matrix table............................................................................................... 102
5.3.3 Relative gain vector matrix settings............................................................................ 104
5.3.4 Kronecker mode correlation coefficients..................................................................... 106
5.3.5 TGn/TGac channel models settings............................................................................108
5.3.6 SCME/WINNER model settings.................................................................................. 110
5.3.7 SCM fading profile.......................................................................................................114
5.3.8 MIMO OTA testing related settings............................................................................. 128
5.3.9 Inverse channel matrix................................................................................................ 142
5.4 Bypassing a deactivated fading simulator............................................................. 144
6 Remote-control commands...............................................................147
6.1 General settings........................................................................................................ 148
6.2 Delay modes.............................................................................................................. 170
6.3 Birth death................................................................................................................. 180
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6.4 High speed train........................................................................................................ 184
6.5 Moving propagation..................................................................................................189
6.6 MIMO settings............................................................................................................194
6.7 TGn settings.............................................................................................................. 202
6.8 SCME/WINNER and antenna model settings..........................................................205
6.9 2 channel interferer...................................................................................................215
6.10 Custom fading profile............................................................................................... 219
6.11 SCM fading profile.................................................................................................... 221
6.12 Customized dynamic fading.................................................................................... 233
6.13 Fading bandwidth..................................................................................................... 236
Annex.................................................................................................. 238
A Predefined fading settings................................................................238
A.1 CDMA standards....................................................................................................... 238
A.1.1 CDMA 1 (8km/h - 2 path)............................................................................................ 239
A.1.2 CDMA 2 (30km/h - 2 path).......................................................................................... 239
A.1.3 CDMA 3 (30km/h - 1 path).......................................................................................... 239
A.1.4 CDMA 4 (100km/h - 3 path)........................................................................................ 240
A.1.5 CDMA 5 (0km/h - 2 path)............................................................................................ 240
A.1.6 CDMA 6 (3km/h - 1 path)............................................................................................ 241
A.2 GSM standards..........................................................................................................241
A.2.1 GSM TU3 (6 path).......................................................................................................241
A.2.2 GSM TU50 (6 path).....................................................................................................242
A.2.3 GSM HT100 (6 path)...................................................................................................242
A.2.4 GSM RA250 (6 path)...................................................................................................242
A.2.5 GSM ET50 (EQ50) (6 path)........................................................................................ 243
A.2.6 GSM ET60 (EQ60) (6 path)........................................................................................ 243
A.2.7 GSM ET100 (EQ100) (6 path).................................................................................... 244
A.2.8 GSM TU3 (12 path).....................................................................................................244
A.2.9 GSM TU50 (12 path)...................................................................................................245
A.2.10 GSM HT100 (12 path).................................................................................................245
A.2.11 GSM TI5......................................................................................................................246
A.3 NADC standards........................................................................................................246
A.3.1 NADC 8 (2 path)..........................................................................................................246
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A.3.2 NADC 50 (2 path)........................................................................................................247
A.3.3 NADC 100 (2 path)......................................................................................................247
A.4 PCN standards.......................................................................................................... 247
A.4.1 PCN TU1.5 (6 path).................................................................................................... 248
A.4.2 PCN TU50 (6 path)..................................................................................................... 248
A.4.3 PCN HT100 (6 path)................................................................................................... 248
A.4.4 PCN RA130 (6 path)................................................................................................... 249
A.4.5 PCN ET50 (EQ50) (6 path)......................................................................................... 249
A.4.6 PCN ET60 (EQ60) (6 path)......................................................................................... 249
A.4.7 PCN ET100 (EQ100) (6 path)..................................................................................... 250
A.4.8 PCN TU1.5 (12 path).................................................................................................. 250
A.4.9 PCN TU50 (12 path)................................................................................................... 251
A.4.10 PCN HT100 (12 path)................................................................................................. 252
A.5 TETRA standards...................................................................................................... 252
A.5.1 TETRA TU50 (2 path)................................................................................................. 253
A.5.2 TETRA TU50 (6 path)................................................................................................. 253
A.5.3 TETRA BU50 (2 path)................................................................................................. 253
A.5.4 TETRA HT200 (2 path)............................................................................................... 254
A.5.5 TETRA HT200 (6 path)............................................................................................... 254
A.5.6 TETRA ET200 (4 path)............................................................................................... 254
A.5.7 TETRA DU 50 (1Path)................................................................................................ 255
A.5.8 TETRA DR 50 (1Path)................................................................................................ 255
A.6 3GPP standards........................................................................................................ 256
A.6.1 3GPP case 1 (UE/BS).................................................................................................256
A.6.2 3GPP case 2 (UE/BS).................................................................................................257
A.6.3 3GPP case 3 (UE/BS).................................................................................................257
A.6.4 3GPP case 4 (UE).......................................................................................................257
A.6.5 3GPP case 5 (UE).......................................................................................................258
A.6.6 3GPP case 6 (UE) and case 4 (BS)............................................................................258
A.6.7 3GPP mobile case 7 (UE-Sector)............................................................................... 259
A.6.8 3GPP mobile case 7 (UE-Beam)................................................................................ 259
A.6.9 3GPP mobile case 8 (UE, CQI)...................................................................................259
A.6.10 3GPP mobile PA3........................................................................................................260
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A.6.11 3GPP mobile PB3....................................................................................................... 260
A.6.12 3GPP mobile VA3, 3GPP mobile VA30, 3GPP mobile VA120....................................261
A.6.13 3GPP MBSFN propagation channel profile (18 path)................................................. 261
A.6.14 3GPP birth death.........................................................................................................262
A.6.15 3GPP TUx................................................................................................................... 263
A.6.16 3GPP HTx................................................................................................................... 264
A.6.17 3GPP RAx...................................................................................................................265
A.6.18 3GPP birth death.........................................................................................................266
A.6.19 Reference + moving channel...................................................................................... 266
A.6.20 HST1 open space, HST1 open space (DL+UL)..........................................................266
A.6.21 HST2 tunnel leaky cable............................................................................................. 266
A.6.22 HST3 tunnel multi antennas, HST3 tunnel multi antennas (DL+UL)...........................266
A.7 WLAN standards....................................................................................................... 267
A.7.1 WLAN / hyperlan/2 model a........................................................................................ 267
A.7.2 WLAN / hyperlan/2 model b........................................................................................ 268
A.7.3 WLAN / hyperlan/2 model c........................................................................................ 269
A.7.4 WLAN / hyperlan/2 model d........................................................................................ 270
A.7.5 WLAN / hyperlan/2 model e........................................................................................ 271
A.8 DAB standards.......................................................................................................... 272
A.8.1 DAB RA (4Tabs)..........................................................................................................272
A.8.2 DAB RA (6 tabs)..........................................................................................................272
A.8.3 DAB TU (12 tabs)........................................................................................................273
A.8.4 DAB TU (6 tabs)..........................................................................................................273
A.8.5 DAB SFN (VHF).......................................................................................................... 274
A.9 WIMAX standards......................................................................................................274
A.9.1 SUI 1 (omni ant., 90%)................................................................................................275
A.9.2 SUI 1 (omni ant., 75%)................................................................................................275
A.9.3 SUI 1 (30° ant., 90%).................................................................................................. 275
A.9.4 SUI 1 (30° ant., 75%).................................................................................................. 276
A.9.5 SUI 2 (omni ant., 75%)................................................................................................276
A.9.6 SUI 2 (30° ant., 90%).................................................................................................. 276
A.9.7 SUI 2 (30° ant., 75%).................................................................................................. 277
A.9.8 SUI 3 (omni ant., 90%)................................................................................................277
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A.9.9 SUI 3 (omni ant., 75%)................................................................................................278
A.9.10 SUI 3 (30° ant., 90%).................................................................................................. 278
A.9.11 SUI 3 (30° ant., 75%).................................................................................................. 278
A.9.12 SUI 4 (omni ant., 90%)................................................................................................279
A.9.13 SUI 4 (omni ant., 75%)................................................................................................279
A.9.14 SUI 4 (30° ant., 90%).................................................................................................. 280
A.9.15 SUI 4 (30° ant., 75%).................................................................................................. 280
A.9.16 SUI 5 (omni ant., 90%)................................................................................................280
A.9.17 SUI 5 (omni ant., 75%)................................................................................................281
A.9.18 SUI 5 (omni ant., 50%)................................................................................................281
A.9.19 SUI 5 (30° ant., 90%).................................................................................................. 282
A.9.20 SUI 5 (30° ant., 75%).................................................................................................. 282
A.9.21 SUI 5 (30° ant., 50%).................................................................................................. 282
A.9.22 SUI 6 (omni ant., 90%)................................................................................................283
A.9.23 SUI 6 (omni ant., 75%)................................................................................................283
A.9.24 SUI 6 (omni ant., 50%)................................................................................................284
A.9.25 SUI 6 (30° ant., 90%).................................................................................................. 284
A.9.26 SUI 6 (30° ant., 75%).................................................................................................. 284
A.9.27 SUI 6 (30° ant., 50%).................................................................................................. 285
A.9.28 ITU OIP-A....................................................................................................................285
A.9.29 ITU OIP-B....................................................................................................................286
A.9.30 ITU V-A 60...................................................................................................................286
A.9.31 ITU V-A 120.................................................................................................................286
A.10 LTE standards............................................................................................................287
A.10.1 CQI 5Hz...................................................................................................................... 287
A.10.2 EPA (Extended pedestrian A)......................................................................................287
A.10.3 EVA (Extended vehicular A)........................................................................................288
A.10.4 ETU (Extended typical urban)..................................................................................... 289
A.10.5 MBSFN propagation channel profile (5 hz)................................................................. 289
A.10.6 HST 1 open space...................................................................................................... 290
A.10.7 HST 1 500 A/B, HST 3 500 A/B.................................................................................. 290
A.10.8 HST 3 tunnel multi antennas.......................................................................................290
A.10.9 ETU 200Hz moving..................................................................................................... 290
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A.10.10 Pure doppler moving................................................................................................... 290
A.11 LTE-MIMO standards.................................................................................................290
A.11.1 EPA (Extended pedestrian A)......................................................................................291
A.11.2 EVA (Extended vehicular A)........................................................................................291
A.11.3 ETU (Extended typical urban)..................................................................................... 291
A.11.4 MIMO parameter......................................................................................................... 291
A.11.5 HST3 tunnel multi antennas........................................................................................292
A.12 WIMAX-MIMO standards...........................................................................................292
A.12.1 ITU pedestrian b 3.......................................................................................................292
A.12.2 ITU vehicular A-60...................................................................................................... 295
A.13 1xevdo standards......................................................................................................297
A.13.1 1xevdo chan. 1............................................................................................................297
A.13.2 1xevdo chan. 1 (Bd. 5, 11).......................................................................................... 297
A.13.3 1xevdo chan. 2............................................................................................................298
A.13.4 1xevdo chan. 2 (Bd. 5, 11).......................................................................................... 298
A.13.5 1xevdo chan. 3............................................................................................................298
A.13.6 1xevdo chan. 3 (Bd. 5, 11).......................................................................................... 299
A.13.7 1xevdo chan. 4............................................................................................................299
A.13.8 1xevdo chan. 4 (Bd. 5, 11).......................................................................................... 300
A.13.9 1xevdo chan. 5............................................................................................................300
A.13.10 1xevdo chan. 5 (Bd. 5, 11).......................................................................................... 300
A.14 3GPP/LTE high speed train...................................................................................... 301
A.14.1 HST1 open space, HST1 open space (DL+UL)..........................................................301
A.14.2 HST2 tunnel leaky cable, HST2 tunnel leaky cable (DL+UL)......................................301
A.14.3 HST3 tunnel multi antennas, HST3 tunnel multi antennas (DL+UL)...........................302
A.15 3GPP/LTE moving propagation................................................................................302
A.15.1 Reference + moving channel...................................................................................... 303
A.15.2 ETU 200Hz moving (UL timing adjustment, scenario 1)............................................. 303
A.15.3 Pure doppler moving (UL timing adjustment, scenario 2)........................................... 304
A.16 SCM and SCME channel models for MIMO OTA.................................................... 304
A.16.1 SCME/Geo SCME urban micro-cell channel (UMi) 3 km/h and 30 km/h.................... 305
A.16.2 SCME/Geo SCME urban macro-cell channel (UMa) 3 km/h and 30 km/h..................306
A.17 Watterson standards.................................................................................................307
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A.17.1 Watterson I1................................................................................................................308
A.17.2 Watterson I2................................................................................................................308
A.17.3 Watterson I3................................................................................................................309
A.18 802.11n-SISO standards........................................................................................... 309
A.19 802.11n-MIMO standards..........................................................................................310
A.19.1 Model a....................................................................................................................... 310
A.19.2 Model b....................................................................................................................... 310
A.19.3 Model c........................................................................................................................311
A.19.4 Model d....................................................................................................................... 312
A.19.5 Model e....................................................................................................................... 315
A.19.6 Model f........................................................................................................................ 317
A.20 802.11ac-MIMO standards........................................................................................ 320
A.20.1 Model A (≤ 40 MHz).................................................................................................... 320
A.20.2 Model B (≤ 40 MHz).................................................................................................... 321
A.20.3 Model C (≤ 40 MHz)....................................................................................................322
A.20.4 Model D (≤ 40 MHz)....................................................................................................323
A.20.5 Model E (≤ 40 MHz).................................................................................................... 325
A.20.6 Model F (≤ 40 MHz).................................................................................................... 328
A.21 802.11ac-SISO standards......................................................................................... 330
A.22 802.11p channel models...........................................................................................331
A.22.1 Rural LOS................................................................................................................... 331
A.22.2 Urban approaching LOS............................................................................................. 331
A.22.3 Urban crossing NLOS................................................................................................. 332
A.22.4 Highway LOS.............................................................................................................. 332
A.22.5 Highway NLOS............................................................................................................332
A.23 5G NR standards....................................................................................................... 333
A.23.1 FR1 TDLA30-5/10 hz.................................................................................................. 333
A.23.2 FR1 TDLB100-400 hz................................................................................................. 334
A.23.3 FR1 TDLC300-100 hz................................................................................................. 335
A.23.4 FR1 TDLC300-400 hz................................................................................................. 335
A.23.5 FR1 TDLC300-600 hz................................................................................................. 336
A.23.6 FR1 TDLC300-1200 hz............................................................................................... 337
A.23.7 FR2 TDLA30-35/75/300 hz......................................................................................... 337
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A.23.8 FR2 TDLC60-300 hz................................................................................................... 337
A.23.9 MIMO parameter......................................................................................................... 338
A.24 5G NR MIMO OTA channel models.......................................................................... 338
A.24.1 FR1 CDL-A/-B/-C UMa 2x2.........................................................................................339
A.24.2 FR1 CDL-A/-B/-C UMi 4x4.......................................................................................... 339
A.24.3 FR1 CDL-C UMa 4x4.................................................................................................. 339
A.24.4 FR1 CDL-C UMi 2x2................................................................................................... 339
A.24.5 FR2 CDL-A InO...........................................................................................................340
A.24.6 FR2 CDL-C UMi.......................................................................................................... 340
A.25 5G NR high speed train............................................................................................ 340
A.25.1 HST1 NR350 15 khz/30 khz SCS............................................................................... 340
A.25.2 HST1 NR500 15 khz/30 khz SCS............................................................................... 340
A.25.3 HST3 NR350 15 khz/30 khz SCS............................................................................... 341
A.25.4 HST3 NR500 15 khz/30 khz SCS............................................................................... 341
A.26 5G NR moving propagation......................................................................................341
A.26.1 MP X 15kHz/30kHz SCS.............................................................................................342
A.26.2 MP Y 15kHz/30kHz SCS.............................................................................................342
A.26.3 MP Z 15kHz/30kHz SCS.............................................................................................343
B Antenna pattern file format............................................................... 344
Glossary: Specifications and references.........................................351
List of commands.............................................................................. 352
Index....................................................................................................358
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ContentsFading Simulation
12User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
Welcome to the fading simulatorFading Simulation
1 Welcome to the fading simulator
The hardware option R&S SMW-B14/B15 in combination with the firmware applications
R&S SMW-K71/-K72/-K73/-K74/-K75/-K820/-K821/-K822/-K823 add functionality to
simulate fading propagation conditions.
Key features
The most important features at a glance:
●
Simulation of real time fading conditions in SISO and MIMO modes.
●
Main characteristics in SISO mode:
– Maximal bandwidth B
200 MHz (R&S SMW-B15), 400 MHz (R&S SMW-K822) and
800 MHz (R&S SMW-K823)
– Up to 20 fading paths in SISO mode in two independent channels
●
Support of versatile MIMO configurations, like 2x2, 2x8 and 4x4 MIMO channels
with up to 64 MIMO channels
– 20 paths per MIMO channel
– Sampling rate and maximal bandwidth depend on the MIMO mode and the
installed option (R&S SMW-B14/-B15/-K822/-K823)
●
Simulation of multiple entity MIMO scenarios, like 4x2x2 MIMO or 8xSISO (8x1x1)
configurations
●
A wide range of presets based on the test specifications of the major mobile radio
standards, incl. Rel. 15 and Rel. 16 5G new radio channel models
●
Graphical presentation of the defined fading paths
= 160 MHz (R&S SMW-B14),
max
For more information, see data sheet.
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
All functions not discussed in this manual are the same as in the base unit and are
described in the R&S SMW user manual. The latest version is available at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/SMW200A
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the delivery of the option or in the
R&S SMW service manual.
13User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
1.1 Accessing the fading simulator
To access and configure the "Fading Simulator" settings
Depending on the installed options:
1. Option: R&S SMW-B14
a) In the block diagram of the R&S SMW, select "Fading > Fading Settings".
2. Option: R&S SMW-B15
a) In the block diagram of the R&S SMW, select "I/Q Stream Mapper > Fading/
Baseband Config > Mode = Advanced".
b) Select "Signal Outputs = Analog & Digital"
c) Confirm with "Apply".
d) In the block diagram of the R&S SMW, select "Fading > Fading Settings".
A dialog box opens that display the provided general settings.
Welcome to the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Documentation overview
The signal generation is not started immediately. To start signal generation with the
default settings, select "Fading > State > On".
For information, see:
●
Chapter 2, "About the fading simulator", on page 18
●
Chapter 3, "Fading settings", on page 28
●
Chapter 4, "Signal routing settings", on page 88
●
Chapter 5, "Multiple input multiple output (MIMO)", on page 92
1.2 What's new
This manual describes firmware version FW 5.00.166.xx and later of the
R&S®SMW200A.
Compared to the previous version, it provides the following new features:
●
Start offset for high speed train profile, see "Start Offset" on page 85.
1.3 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S SMW user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S SMW product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/smw200a
14User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
1.3.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S SMW and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc. A printed version is delivered with the instrument.
1.3.2 User manuals and help
Separate manuals for the base unit and the software options are provided for download:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Software option manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of an option. Basic information on
operating the R&S SMW is not included.
Welcome to the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Documentation overview
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S SMW. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the software options.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.3.3 Tutorials
The R&S SMW provides interactive examples and demonstrations on operating the
instrument in form of tutorials. A set of tutorials is available directly on the instrument.
1.3.4 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking compliance with rated specifications, firmware update, troubleshooting, adjustments, installing options and maintenance.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
1.3.5 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S SMW in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.
15User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
Welcome to the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Documentation overview
1.3.6 Printed safety instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
1.3.7 Data sheets and brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S SMW. It also lists the
options and their order numbers and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/smw200a
1.3.8 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/smw200a
1.3.9 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/smw200a and www.rohde-schwarz.com/
manual/smw200a
16User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
1.4 Scope
Tasks (in manual or remote operation) that are also performed in the base unit in the
same way are not described here.
In particular, it includes:
●
Managing settings and data lists, like saving and loading settings, creating and
accessing data lists, or accessing files in a particular directory.
●
Information on regular trigger, marker and clock signals and filter settings, if appropriate.
●
General instrument configuration, such as checking the system configuration, configuring networks and remote operation
●
Using the common status registers
For a description of such tasks, see the R&S SMW user manual.
Welcome to the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Notes on screenshots
1.5 Notes on screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
17User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
2 About the fading simulator
Equipped with the required options, the R&S SMW allows you to superimpose real
time fading on the baseband signal at the output of the baseband block. In R&S SMW
equipped with standard baseband (R&S SMW-B10) and fitted with all the possible fading options, there are up to 20 fading paths in SISO mode available. There are also 20
fading paths per MIMO channel in 4x4 MIMO mode available.
2.1 Required options
R&S SMW equipped with standard baseband (R&S SMW-B10)
The equipment layout for simulating fading effects in non-MIMO configurations:
●
Option baseband generator (R&S SMW-B10) per signal path
●
Option baseband main module, one/two I/Q paths to RF (R&S SMW-B13/B13T)
●
Option fading simulator (R&S SMW-B14) per signal path
(sufficient for simulation of fading paths with standard delay and paths with
enhanced resolution)
●
Additional options that extend the fading functionality:
– Option dynamic fading (R&S SMW-K71) per signal path
(required for the simulation of dynamic fading conditions, like birth death propa-
gation, moving propagation, two-channels interferes, high-speed train and cus-
tomized fading conditions)
– Option extended statistic functions (R&S SMW-K72) per signal path
(required for additional fading profiles and some of the predefined test scenar-
ios)
– Option MIMO-OTA enhancements (R&S SMW-K73) per signal path
(required for full support of antenna radiation patterns, inverse channel matrix
and the geometric-based channel model)
– Option customized fading (R&S SMW-K820) per signal path
(required for import of dynamic fading list)
About the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Required options
The equipment layout for simulating fading effects in MIMO configurations:
●
Two options baseband generator (R&S SMW-B10)
●
Option two I/Q paths to RF (R&S SMW-B13T)
●
At least two options fading simulator (R&S SMW-B14)
●
Option MIMO fading (R&S SMW-K74)
(required for the configuration of LxMxN MIMO scenarios, with L ≤ 2 and up to 16
channels, like 1x2x8 or 1x4x4 scenarios)
●
Option higher-order MIMO (R&S SMW-K75)
(required for the configuration of higher-order LxMxN MIMO scenarios, with L ≤ 2
and up to 32 channels like 2x4x4)
●
Option multiple entities (R&S SMW-K76)
18User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
About the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Required options
(required for the configurations with more than two entities, like 8x1x1 scenarios)
The equipment layout for simulating fading effects in higher-order MIMO configurations, like 1x8x8:
●
Two options baseband generator (R&S SMW-B10)
●
Option two I/Q paths to RF (R&S SMW-B13T)
●
Four options fading simulator (R&S SMW-B14
●
Option MIMO fading (R&S SMW-K74)
●
Option higher-order MIMO (R&S SMW-K75)
●
Option MIMO subsets (R&S SMW-K821)
(required for the simulation of up to 32 channels (i.e. a subset of the MIMO channels) in a 1x8x8 MIMO scenario)
For more information, see data sheet.
R&S SMW equipped with wideband baseband (R&S SMW-B9)
●
Option baseband wideband generator (R&S SMW-B9) per signal path
●
Option baseband main module (R&S SMW-B13XT)
●
Option fading simulator (R&S SMW-B15) per signal path
(sufficient for simulation of fading paths with standard delay and paths with
enhanced resolution)
●
Additional options that extend the fading functionality:
– Option dynamic fading (R&S SMW-K71) per signal path
(required for the simulation of dynamic fading conditions, like birth death propa-
gation, moving propagation, two-channels interferes, high-speed train and cus-
tomized fading conditions)
– Option extended statistic functions (R&S SMW-K72) per signal path
(required for additional fading profiles and some of the predefined test scenar-
ios)
– Option MIMO-OTA enhancements (R&S SMW-K73) per signal path
(required for full support of antenna radiation patterns, inverse channel matrix
and the geometric-based channel model)
– Option-customized fading (R&S SMW-K820) per signal path
(required for import of dynamic fading list)
The equipment layout for simulating fading effects in MIMO configurations:
●
Option baseband wideband generator (R&S SMW-B9) per signal path
●
Option baseband main module (R&S SMW-B13XT)
●
At least two options fading simulator (R&S SMW-B15)
●
Option MIMO fading (R&S SMW-K74)
(required for the configuration of MIMO scenarios with up to 16 channels, like
1x2x8 or 1x4x4 scenarios)
●
Option higher-order MIMO (R&S SMW-K75)
(required for the configuration of higher-order MIMO scenarios with up to 64 channels)
●
Option multiple entities (R&S SMW-K76)
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About the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Overview of the functions provided by the fading simulator
(required for the configurations with more than two entities, like 2x1x1 scenarios)
●
Option 400 MHz fading bandwidth (R&S SMW-K822)
●
Option 800 MHz fading bandwidth (R&S SMW-K823)
The equipment layout for simulating fading effects in higher-order MIMO configurations, like 1x8x8 or 1x4x4 with one instrument:
●
Two options baseband generator (R&S SMW-B9)
●
Option baseband main module (R&S SMW-B13XT)
●
Four options fading simulator (R&S SMW-B15)
●
Option MIMO fading (R&S SMW-K74)
●
Option higher-order MIMO (R&S SMW-K75)
(required for 1x8x8 MIMO configurations with one instrument)
●
Option MIMO subsets (R&S SMW-K821)
(required for simulating of all MIMO channels simulated)
●
Option MIMO subsets (R&S SMW-K822)
(required for the configuration of 1x4x4 MIMO scenarios, all MIMO channels simulated)
For more information, see data sheet.
2.2 Overview of the functions provided by the fading simulator
This section summarizes the key functions of the fading simulator to emphasize the
way it is suitable for test setups during research, development, and quality assurance
involving mobile radio equipment.
Flexible configuration for support of different test scenarios
You can use the provided fading channels and configure them differently for different
test scenarios. Use the same input signal and two separate output signals, for example, to simulate a frequency diversity. Or use separate input signals and sum them
after fading, to simulate a network handover, for instance.
See also Chapter 4, "Signal routing settings", on page 88.
Predefined fading scenarios
The fading simulator is equipped with a wide range of presets based on the test specifications of the major mobile radio standards. For more complex tests, all the parameters of the supplied fading configurations can be user-defined as required.
See also "Standard / Test Case" on page 31.
Repeatable test conditions
To ensure the repeatability of the tests, the fading process is always initiated from a
defined starting point.
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About the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Overview of the functions provided by the fading simulator
A restart can be triggered from internal baseband trigger, so that the start of the baseband signal generation and the fading processes are synchronized.
See also Chapter 3.2, "Restart settings", on page 38.
Graphical presentation
The path graph displays the current defined fading paths and supports you to configure
the desired fading channel.
See also Chapter 3.5, "Path graph", on page 56.
Simulation of diverse fading effects
During transmission of a signal from the transmitter to the receivers, diverse fading
effects occur. In the fading simulator, you can simulate these effects separately or in
combination.
Using the fading configurations for example, you can define up to 20 fading paths with
different delays as they would occur on a transmission channel due to different propagation paths.
See also Chapter 3.4, "Path table", on page 44.
Predefined fast fading profile for different fading scenarios
The fading simulator provides a wide range of fast fading profiles. You can define the
fading conditions per generated fading path. The fast fading profiles simulate fast fluctuations of the signal power level which arise due to variation between constructive and
destructive interference during multipath propagation.
See also "Configuration" on page 31 and "Profile" on page 49
Simulation of slow fading effect
"Lognormal" and "Suzuki Fading" are slow fading profiles suitable to simulate slow
level changes which can occur, due to shadowing effects (for example tunnels, buildings blocks or hills).
See also Chapter 3.4, "Path table", on page 44.
Simulation of dynamic configurations
Delay variations (whether sudden or slow) do not become important until we reach the
fast modulation standards, such as the 3GPP FDD or EUTRA/LTE standards. The
delay variations start to play a role if they are on the order of magnitude of the transmitted symbols so that transmission errors can arise.
The provided dynamic configurations simulate dynamic propagation in conformity with
test cases defined in the 3GPP and MediaFlo specifications.
See also:
●
Chapter 3.6, "Birth death propagation", on page 57
●
Chapter 3.7, "Moving propagation", on page 63
●
Chapter 3.10, "High-speed train", on page 79
21User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
Definition of commonly used terms
●
Chapter 3.8, "Two channel interferer", on page 71
Insertion loss for correct drive at the baseband level
The insertion loss is a method to provide a drive reserve and to keep the output power
constant. In the R&S SMW, the used insertion loss is not a fixed value but is dynamically adjusted for different measurement tasks. Thus, you can define the way the range
for insertion loss is determined.
See also Chapter 3.3, "Insertion loss configuration, coupled parameters and global
fader coupling", on page 39.
Support of versatile MIMO configurations
See also Chapter 5, "Multiple input multiple output (MIMO)", on page 92.
2.3 Definition of commonly used terms
About the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Fading Simulator
Each option R&S SMW-B14 provides the hardware of one fading simulator, i.e. for
each installed fading simulator option, one hardware fader board is available. One, two
or four fading simulators can be installed. The provided fading functionality, however,
depends on the installed firmware options.
Fading channel
A fading channel is the term describing the signal between a transmit (Tx) and a
receive (Rx) antenna, scattered in various paths.
In a 2x2 MIMO fading configuration, there are four fading channels between the transmit (Tx) and the receive (Rx) antennas. In this description, each fading channel is represented as a block with name following the naming convention "F
and Rx are the antennas (e.g. A and B in a 2x2 MIMO configuration).
An instrument equipped with the R&S SMW-K74 option simulates up to 16 MIMO fading channels, as it is, for instance required for 4x4 MIMO receiver tests.
If the option R&S SMW-K75 is installed, the number of MIMO channels increases to
32.
Fading path (tap)
Each fading channel consists of up to 20 fading paths.
<Tx><Rx>
", where Tx
The Figure 2-1 illustrates an example of single-channel fading with three transmission
paths.
22User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
About the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Definition of commonly used terms
Figure 2-1: Example of single-channel fading with three transmission paths (SISO configuration)
Path 1 = Represents the discrete component, that is a direct line-of-sight (LOS) transmission
between the transmitter and receiver (pure Doppler fading profile)
Paths 2 and 3 = Represent the distributed components, that is signals which are scattered due to obstacles
(Rayleigh fading profile).
Distributed components, like the paths 2 and 3, consists of several signal echoes and
are referred to as "taps".
The Figure 2-2 illustrates an example of two-channel fading with three transmission
paths (taps) per channel.
Figure 2-2: Example of two-channel fading with three transmission paths each
The R&S SMW supports 20 fading paths per installed fading simulator.
23User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
About the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Definition of commonly used terms
Path group
In this implementation, a group of paths builds a "path group". In the R&S SMW, the 20
fading paths are divided in 4 path groups. Each group consists of 3 fine and 2 standard
delay paths.
A basic delay can be set per path group and an additional delay per path. The total
delay per path is the sum of the basic delay of the respective group and of the additional delay of the path.
For more information, see:
●
Chapter 2.4, "Major differences between R&S SMW-B14 and R&S SMW-B15",
on page 25
●
"Basic Delay" on page 51.
Fading Profile
The fading profile determines which transmission path or which radio hop is simulated.
The following is a list of the basic fading profiles implemented in the Fading Simulator.
●
Static Path
A static path is an unfaded signal, that is a signal with constant amplitude and no
Doppler shift; though this signal can undergo attenuation (loss) or delay.
●
Constant Phase
A suitable fading profile to simulate a reflection of an obstacle. Simulated is a
transmission signal with constant amplitude and no Doppler shift, but with rotating
phase.
●
Pure Doppler
A fading profile that simulates a direct transmission path on which Doppler shift is
occurring due to movement of the receiver.
See Path 1 on the Figure 2-1.
●
Rayleigh
A suitable fading profile to simulate a radio hop which arises as a result of scatter
caused by obstacles in the signal path, like buildings.
See also the conditions of the Paths 2 and 3 on the Figure 2-1.
The resulting received amplitude varies over time. The probability density function
for the magnitude of the received amplitude is characterized by a Rayleigh distribution. This fading spectrum is "Classical".
●
Rice
A fading profile that simulates a Rayleigh radio hop along with a strong direct signal, i.e. applies a combination of distributed and discrete components (see Fig-
ure 2-1).
The probability density of the magnitude of the received amplitude is characterized
by a Rice distribution. The fading spectrum of an unmodulated signal involves the
superimposition of the classic Doppler spectrum (Rayleigh) with a discrete spectral
line (pure Doppler).
The ratio of the power of the two components (Rayleigh and pure Doppler) is configurable, see parameter Power Ratio.
Example: The Figure 2-3 shows a baseband signal with QPSK modulation and a
rectangular filter which was subjected to Rician fading (one path). As a result of the
24User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
About the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Major differences between R&S SMW-B14 and R&S SMW-B15
luminescence setting on the oscilloscope, the variation in phase and amplitude of
the constellation points caused by the fader is clearly visible.
Figure 2-3: Effect of a Rician fading on a baseband signal with QPSK modulation
MIMO correlation models
The R&S SMW supports the following ways to simulate spatial correlated MIMO channels:
●
By description of transmit and receive correlation matrix with direct definition of
matrix coefficients or based on the Kronecker assumption
●
By definition of clusters at the transmitter and receiver end using channel parameter like angle spread or angle of arrival/departure (AoA/AoD).
See Chapter 5.3, "Fading settings in MIMO configuration", on page 96
2.4 Major differences between R&S SMW-B14 and R&S SMW-B15
The fading simulator is hardware that influence several signal characteristics. This section lists the characteristics, that influence the value ranges of major signal parameters.
For details and characteristics on each of the options, see data sheet.
25User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
Table 2-1: R&S SMW-B14
About the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Major differences between R&S SMW-B14 and R&S SMW-B15
Number of
channels
(depends on
the LxMxN
"System Config")
1 to 8 200 160 Range 0
9 to 16 100 80
17 to 32 50 40
1 to 8 200 160 Resolu-
9 to 16 100 80
17 to 32 50 40
Table 2-2: R&S SMW-B15, without R&S SMW-K822
Number of channels
(depends on the
LxMxN "System
Config")
Fading
Clock
Rate
[MHz]
Fading
Clock Rate
[MHz]
Signal
Bandwidth
[MHz]
Signal
Bandwidth
[MHz]
tion
Basic Delay
per group
0 s to 0.5 s
5 ns 2.5 ps 2.5 ps 5 ns
10 ns 5 ps 5 ps 10 ns
20 ns 10 ps 10 ps 20 ns
Additional Delay
fine delay path 1
Additional
Delay
fine delay
path 1
0 to 40.9 us 0 to 20 us 0 to 20 us
Additional
Delay
per fine delay
path
(2 and 3)
Additional Delay
per fine delay path
(2 to 3)
Additional Delay
per standard
delay path
(4 and 5)
Additional Delay
per standard
delay path
(4 and 5)
1 to 8 250 200 Range 0 to 32.72 us 0 to 16 us 0 to 16 us
9 to 16 250 200
17 to 32 125 100
1 to 16 250 200 Resolution 2 ps 2 ps 4 ns
17 to 32 125 100
33 to 64 62.25 50
Table 2-3: R&S SMW-B15 and R&S SMW-K822/-K823
Number of channels
(depends on the
LxMxN "System Config")
1 to 8
R&S SMW-B15/-K822
1 to 4
R&S SMW-B15/-K823
Fading Clock
Rate
[MHz]
500 400 Range 0 to 32.72 us 0 to 16 us
1000 800 Range 0 to 32.72 us 0 to 16 us
Signal Bandwidth
[MHz]
4 ps 4 ps 8 ns
8 ps 8 ps 16 ns
Resolution 2 ns 2 ns
Resolution 1 ns 1 ns
Additional Delay
standard delay path 1
Additional Delay
per standard delay
path
(2 to 5)
26User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
The difference in the system clocks and the delay resolutions also affects the used fading paths and the preset values in some of the predefined fading profiles, see Chap-
ter A, "Predefined fading settings", on page 238.
2.5 Further signal processing
During further signal routing, you can also offset the faded signals or apply noise to
them.
For more information, refer to sections "Adding Noise to the Signal" and "Impairing the
Signal" in the R&S SMW User Manual.
About the fading simulatorFading Simulation
Further signal processing
27User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
Fading settingsFading Simulation
3 Fading settings
The "Fading" dialog allows you to configure multipath fading signals. Regardless of the
current "System Configuration > Mode", to access this dialog, proceed as follows:
► Select "Block Diagram > Fading > Fading Settings".
The "Fading" dialog opens and displays the general settings.
The dialog is divided into several tabs, logically grouping the available setting.
The remote commands required to define these settings are described in Chapter 6,
"Remote-control commands", on page 147.
The provided settings and related background information are described in:
● General settings......................................................................................................29
● Restart settings....................................................................................................... 38
● Insertion loss configuration, coupled parameters and global fader coupling.......... 39
● Path table................................................................................................................44
● Path graph...............................................................................................................56
● Birth death propagation...........................................................................................57
● Moving propagation.................................................................................................63
● Two channel interferer.............................................................................................71
● Customized dynamic fading....................................................................................77
● High-speed train......................................................................................................79
● Custom fading profile.............................................................................................. 85
28User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
3.1 General settings
► To access this dialog, select the "Fading > Fading Settings".
Fading settingsFading Simulation
General settings
Apart from the standard "Set to Default" and "Save/Recall" functions, the dialog
provides the settings to:
● In "System Configurations" with more than two entities, the dialog consists of
more than one side tabs; one tab per entity. The tab name indicates the fader
state the settings are related to.
See also Chapter 5.1, "Multiple entity MxN MIMO test configurations",
on page 93.
● Select a predefined fading profile according to the common mobile radio standards
Settings:
State..............................................................................................................................30
Copy To / Entity.............................................................................................................30
Set to Default................................................................................................................ 30
Save/Recall...................................................................................................................31
Standard / Test Case.....................................................................................................31
Configuration.................................................................................................................31
Moving Channels.......................................................................................................... 34
Fading Clock Rate.........................................................................................................34
Signal Dedicated To...................................................................................................... 34
Dedicated Frequency....................................................................................................37
Dedicated Connector.................................................................................................... 37
Virtual RF...................................................................................................................... 37
Ignore RF Changes < 5PCT..........................................................................................37
Freq. Hopping............................................................................................................... 38
29User Manual 1175.6826.02 ─ 27
Fading settingsFading Simulation
General settings
State
●
Option: R&S SMW-B14
Enables the fading simulator.
●
Option: R&S SMW-B15
Enabled if "System Config > Fading/Baseband Config > Mode = Advanced" is
selected and "Apply" executed.
If activated, the fading process is initiated for the enabled paths.
A selectable trigger ("Restart > Mode") can be used to restart the fading process. The
fading process always begins at a fixed starting point after each restart. This helps to
achieve repeatable test conditions.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:FSIMulator[:STATe] on page 167
Copy To / Entity
Option: R&S SMW-K76
In "System Configurations" with multiple entities, copies the settings of the current fad-
ing simulator to all or to the selected entities.
See also Chapter 5.1, "Multiple entity MxN MIMO test configurations", on page 93.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:FSIMulator:SISO:COPY on page 150
Set to Default
Activates the default settings of the fading simulator.
By default, a path is activated with a Rayleigh profile and a slow speed. All the other
paths are switched off.
The following table provides an overview of the settings. The preset value is indicated
for each parameter in the description of the remote-control commands.
Table 3-1: Default values
Parameter Value
State Off
Standard User
Configuration Standard Delay
Signal Dedicated to RF Output
Speed Unit km/h
Restart Event Auto
Ignore RF Changes Off
Frequency Hop. Mode Off
Insertion Loss
Insertion Loss Mode Normal
Coupled Parameters
All States Off
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