Rohde&Schwarz R&S®SMM-K144/-K148 5G New Radio User Manual
R&S®SMM-K14x/-K17x
3GPP 5G NR Signal Generation
User Manual
(;ÝPE2)
1179322102
Version 05
This document describes the following software options:
●
R&S®SMM-K144 5G NR Release 15 (1441.1730.02)
●
R&S®SMM-K148 5G NR Release 16 (1441.2166.02)
●
R&S®SMM-K170 5G NR Sidelink (1441.1076.02)
●
R&S®SMM-K171 5G NR Release 17 (1441.1018.02)
This manual describes firmware version FW 5.00.166.xx and later of the R&S®SMM100A.
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1179.3221.02 | Version 05 | R&S®SMM-K14x/-K17x
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®SMM100A is indicated as
R&S SMM. Linux® is abbreviated as Linux.
R&S®SMM-K14x/-K17x
Contents
1 Welcome to the 5G New Radio option................................................11
1.1 Accessing the 5G New Radio dialog......................................................................... 12
1.2 What's new...................................................................................................................13
1.3 Documentation overview............................................................................................13
1.3.1 Getting started manual..................................................................................................14
1.3.2 User manuals and help................................................................................................. 14
1.3.3 Service manual............................................................................................................. 14
1.3.4 Instrument security procedures.....................................................................................14
1.3.5 Printed safety instructions............................................................................................. 14
1.3.6 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................... 15
1.3.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)............................................ 15
Contents
1.3.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.................................................15
1.4 Scope........................................................................................................................... 15
1.5 Notes on screenshots.................................................................................................16
2 About the 5G New Radio option......................................................... 17
2.1 Required options.........................................................................................................18
2.2 5G NR numerology......................................................................................................18
2.3 Multiple accesses schemes....................................................................................... 19
2.4 Frame structure, slots and slot formats................................................................... 19
2.5 Resource blocks and resource grid.......................................................................... 20
2.6 Transmission bandwidths TxBWs.............................................................................21
2.7 Synchronization signals and SS/PBCH block.......................................................... 23
2.8 Carrier bandwidth part (BWP)....................................................................................25
2.9 Carrier aggregation.....................................................................................................26
2.10 Antenna port mapping................................................................................................27
2.11 5G NR channels and signals overview..................................................................... 28
2.12 Overlap handling.........................................................................................................29
3 Find out the implemented 3GPP specification..................................31
4 5G NR quick settings...........................................................................32
4.1 General settings.......................................................................................................... 32
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4.2 Frame format............................................................................................................... 36
5 5G New Radio configuration and settings.........................................40
5.1 General settings.......................................................................................................... 40
5.2 Node settings.............................................................................................................. 46
5.2.1 Scheduling.................................................................................................................... 47
5.2.2 Carriers settings............................................................................................................ 48
5.2.3 System information settings.......................................................................................... 55
5.2.4 Transmission bandwidth (TxBW) settings.....................................................................59
5.2.5 LTE-CRS coexistence settings......................................................................................62
5.2.6 SS/PBCH settings......................................................................................................... 65
5.2.7 S-SS/PSBCH settings................................................................................................... 72
5.2.8 PRS settings................................................................................................................. 75
Contents
5.2.9 Dummy REs settings.....................................................................................................81
5.2.10 OCNG settings.............................................................................................................. 83
5.2.11 PBCH settings...............................................................................................................84
5.2.12 PSBCH settings............................................................................................................ 89
5.3 Users / BWPs settings................................................................................................ 90
5.3.1 General settings............................................................................................................ 90
5.3.2 DL and UL user properties settings...............................................................................91
5.3.3 SL user properties settings........................................................................................... 97
5.3.4 DL/UL BWPs settings....................................................................................................99
5.3.5 SL BWPs settings....................................................................................................... 103
5.3.6 DL BWP configuration settings................................................................................... 106
5.3.7 UL BWP configuration settings................................................................................... 140
5.3.8 SL BWP configuration settings....................................................................................173
5.4 Scheduling settings.................................................................................................. 179
5.5 PDSCH and PUSCH settings....................................................................................192
5.5.1 General settings.......................................................................................................... 193
5.5.2 TxScheme settings......................................................................................................199
5.5.3 DMRS settings............................................................................................................ 202
5.5.4 Channel coding settings..............................................................................................205
5.5.5 UCI settings.................................................................................................................208
5.5.6 PTRS settings............................................................................................................. 209
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5.5.7 PTRS settings with enabled transform precoding....................................................... 212
5.5.8 Antenna ports..............................................................................................................214
5.5.9 Info.............................................................................................................................. 215
5.6 CORESET settings.................................................................................................... 216
5.6.1 General settings.......................................................................................................... 216
5.6.2 Payload settings..........................................................................................................221
5.6.3 Info.............................................................................................................................. 242
5.7 PUCCH settings.........................................................................................................242
5.7.1 General settings.......................................................................................................... 243
5.7.2 Payload settings..........................................................................................................247
5.7.3 Info.............................................................................................................................. 248
5.8 PRACH settings.........................................................................................................249
5.9 PSSCH and PSCCH settings.................................................................................... 251
Contents
5.9.1 General PSSCH and PSCCH settings........................................................................ 251
5.9.2 SCI1A settings............................................................................................................ 253
5.9.3 SCI2A settings............................................................................................................ 255
5.9.4 SCI2B settings............................................................................................................ 256
5.9.5 TxScheme settings for PSSCH and PSCCH.............................................................. 257
5.9.6 DMRS settings for PSSCH..........................................................................................257
5.9.7 Channel coding settings..............................................................................................258
5.9.8 Antenna ports settings for PSSCH and PSCCH......................................................... 260
5.9.9 Info layer for PSSCH and PSCCH.............................................................................. 261
6 Signal control and signal characteristics........................................262
6.1 Trigger settings......................................................................................................... 262
6.2 Marker settings..........................................................................................................267
6.3 TDD UL/DL marker mode..........................................................................................270
6.4 Clock settings............................................................................................................273
6.5 Local and global connectors settings.....................................................................274
6.6 Output settings..........................................................................................................274
6.7 Time domain windowing settings............................................................................278
6.8 Adjusting the signal power...................................................................................... 280
6.8.1 Power settings.............................................................................................................281
6.9 Crest factor reduction settings................................................................................286
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7 Observing current allocations on the time plan..............................288
8 Performing BS tests according to TS 38.141 specifications......... 291
8.1 Introduction to BS conformance testing................................................................ 291
8.2 Required options.......................................................................................................292
8.3 Supported test cases................................................................................................292
8.3.1 Generic structure of the description of the implemented test cases........................... 293
8.4 Exemplary test setups.............................................................................................. 293
8.4.1 Exemplary test setups for conducted tests (TS 38.141-1).......................................... 294
8.4.2 Exemplary test setups for radiated (OTA) tests (TS 38.141-2)................................... 294
8.5 General considerations............................................................................................ 295
8.5.1 General considerations for radiated (OTA) tests......................................................... 296
8.6 User interface............................................................................................................ 298
Contents
8.6.1 General settings.......................................................................................................... 299
8.6.2 Test case settings........................................................................................................300
8.6.3 OTA declaration...........................................................................................................301
8.6.4 Instrument settings......................................................................................................303
8.6.5 Wanted signal settings................................................................................................ 304
8.6.6 Frequency allocation settings......................................................................................309
8.6.7 Interfering signal settings............................................................................................ 310
8.6.8 Moving UE settings..................................................................................................... 313
8.6.9 Stationary UE settings.................................................................................................315
8.6.10 AWGN settings............................................................................................................316
8.7 Conducted transmitter characteristics (TS 38.141-1, chapter 6).......................... 316
8.7.1 Prior considerations.................................................................................................... 317
8.7.2 General workflow for carrying out a transmitter test....................................................317
8.7.3 Test case 6.7: transmitter intermodulation.................................................................. 318
8.8 Conducted receiver characteristics (TS 38.141-1, chapter 7)............................... 319
8.8.1 Prior considerations.................................................................................................... 320
8.8.2 General workflow for carrying out a receiver test........................................................321
8.8.3 Test case 7.2: reference sensitivity level.....................................................................322
8.8.4 Test case 7.3: dynamic range..................................................................................... 324
8.9 Radiated transmitter characteristics (TS 38.141-2, chapter 6)..............................326
8.9.1 Prior considerations.................................................................................................... 327
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8.9.2 General workflow for carrying out a radiated transmitter test......................................327
8.9.3 Test case 6.8: OTA transmitter intermodulation.......................................................... 328
8.10 Radiated receiver characteristics (TS 38.141-2, chapter 7)...................................329
8.10.1 Prior considerations.................................................................................................... 330
8.10.2 General workflow for carrying out a receiver test........................................................333
8.10.3 Test case 7.2: OTA sensitivity..................................................................................... 334
8.10.4 Test case 7.3: OTA reference sensitivity level.............................................................336
8.10.5 Test case 7.4: OTA dynamic range............................................................................. 338
8.10.6 Test case 7.6: OTA out-of-band blocking.................................................................... 339
9 Generating user plane data...............................................................341
9.1 Required options.......................................................................................................341
9.2 File format and folder structure...............................................................................341
Contents
10 Remote-control commands...............................................................343
10.1 Programming examples........................................................................................... 344
10.2 General commands...................................................................................................374
10.3 Quick settings command......................................................................................... 381
10.4 Carrier commands.................................................................................................... 389
10.5 Copy carrier commands........................................................................................... 394
10.6 System information commands...............................................................................396
10.7 TxBW commands...................................................................................................... 400
10.8 LTE-CRS coexistence commands........................................................................... 402
10.9 SS/PBCH commands................................................................................................ 404
10.10 S-SS/PSBCH configuration commands.................................................................. 415
10.11 PRS commands.........................................................................................................418
10.12 Dummy resource elements commands.................................................................. 424
10.13 OCGN commands..................................................................................................... 427
10.14 DL and UL user properties commands................................................................... 430
10.15 SL user properties commands................................................................................ 438
10.16 DL/UL BWP commands............................................................................................ 440
10.17 SL BWP commands.................................................................................................. 446
10.18 BWP configuration commands................................................................................448
10.18.1 PDSCH commands..................................................................................................... 449
10.18.2 PTRS commands........................................................................................................ 464
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10.18.3 RMC commands......................................................................................................... 468
10.18.4 PDCCH commands.....................................................................................................470
10.18.5 DL control information commands.............................................................................. 473
10.18.6 ZP and NZP CSI-RS commands.................................................................................474
10.18.7 Rate match commands............................................................................................... 482
10.18.8 PUCCH commands.....................................................................................................485
10.18.9 FRC commands.......................................................................................................... 487
10.18.10 PUSCH commands..................................................................................................... 493
10.18.11 PUSCH UCI commands..............................................................................................509
10.18.12 SRS commands...........................................................................................................511
10.18.13 Bandwidth part configuration for sidelink commands..................................................522
10.19 Scheduling commands.............................................................................................527
10.20 PDSCH and PUSCH scheduling commands...........................................................542
Contents
10.20.1 General PDSCH and PUSCH scheduling commands................................................ 543
10.20.2 PDSCH and PUSCH Tx scheme commands..............................................................549
10.20.3 PDSCH and PUSCH DMRS commands.....................................................................555
10.20.4 PDSCH and PUSCH channel coding commands....................................................... 559
10.20.5 PUSCH UCI commands..............................................................................................561
10.20.6 PDSCH and PUSCH PTRS commands......................................................................564
10.20.7 PDSCH and PUSCH antenna port configuration commands......................................569
10.21 CORESET scheduling commands...........................................................................570
10.21.1 General CORESET scheduling commands................................................................ 571
10.21.2 CORESET payload scheduling commands................................................................ 575
10.21.3 DCI field configuration commands.............................................................................. 582
10.22 PUCCH scheduling commands............................................................................... 621
10.22.1 General PUCCH scheduling commands.....................................................................622
10.22.2 PUCCH payload scheduling commands..................................................................... 626
10.23 PRACH scheduling commands............................................................................... 627
10.24 PSSCH / PSCCH scheduling commands................................................................ 631
10.24.1 PSSCH / PSCCH general configuration commands................................................... 631
10.24.2 SCI1A configuration commands..................................................................................633
10.24.3 SCI2A configuration commands..................................................................................637
10.24.4 SCI2B configuration commands..................................................................................639
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10.24.5 TxScheme configuration commands...........................................................................640
10.24.6 DMRS configuration commands................................................................................. 641
10.24.7 PSxCH channel coding commands.............................................................................641
10.25 Output commands.................................................................................................... 644
10.26 Trigger commands....................................................................................................653
10.27 Marker commands.................................................................................................... 657
10.28 Clock commands...................................................................................................... 664
10.29 Test case wizard remote-control commands..........................................................664
Glossary: Abbreviations....................................................................687
Glossary: 5G NR 3GPP specification references............................689
List of commands.............................................................................. 690
Contents
Index....................................................................................................724
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Contents
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1 Welcome to the 5G New Radio option
The R&S SMM-K144/-K148 are firmware applications that add functionality to generate
signals in accordance with the 3GPP standard 5G New Radio.
Preamble
All supported features are in line with the official 3GPP specifications as follows:
●
R&S SMM-K144: in line with Release 15, Specification Versions 17.0.0
●
R&S SMM-K148: in line with Release 16, Specification Versions 17.0.0
●
R&S SMM-K171: in line with Release 17, Specification Versions 17.0.0
The R&S SMM-K144 key features
The R&S SMM100A simulates signals at the physical channel level. The following list
gives an overview of the functions provided for generating an 5G New Radio signal:
●
Supports uplink and downlink
●
Intuitive user interface with graphical display of time plan
●
PSS/SSS, PBCH (incl. MIB), PDCCH (i.e. CORESET), PDSCH, CSI-RS, PDSCH
PTRS, PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, PRACH supported
PBCH, PDSCH, PDCCH and PUSCH incl. DMRS
●
Support of downlink and uplink DCI content inside CORESET;
●
Automatic PDSCH scheduling from DCI
●
PDSCH time domain scheduling
●
Support of two codewords for PDSCH
●
Support of SRS codebook
●
PUSCH/PUCCH spatial multiplexing
●
Configurable multilayer transmissions for PDSCH and PUSCH, incl. USCH channel
coding and antenna ports
●
Support of FRCs and TMs
●
All modulation schemes supported
●
Carrier aggregation, including cross-carrier scheduling
●
Test case wizard for 3GPP 38.141 test cases
Welcome to the 5G New Radio option
The R&S SMM-K148 key features
The R&S SMM-K148 requires an R&S SMM-K144.
Release 16 features include:
●
PRS (positioning reference signals)
●
Support of the DCI types and their corresponding RNTI types included in the
release 16
●
MIB system frame number (SFN) increments independently from the configured
ARB sequence length
●
Support of up-to 50 users
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The R&S SMM-K170 key features
The R&S SMM100A simulates 5G NR sidelink signals at the physical channel level.
●
Support for PSSCH and PSCCH
●
Support of S-SS/PSBCH
●
Support of sidelink bandwidth part configuration, including resource pool configuration
●
Support of SSCH channel coding
●
Support of sidelink control information (SCI)
●
Support of sidelink carrier aggregation
The R&S SMM-K171 key features
The R&S SMM-K171 requires an R&S SMM-K144 and R&S SMM-K148.
Release 17 features include:
●
New deployment frequency range (FR2-2, up to 71 GHz).
●
New channel bandwidths introduced with FR2-2 (800 MHz, 1600 MHz and 2000
MHz).
●
New subcarrier spacings for various channels (user allocations, SS/PBCH, PRACH
etc.) introduced with FR2-2.
●
New channel bandwidths introduced with release 17 (35 MHz and 45 MHz).
●
Support of 1024QAM modulation in FR1.
●
New operating bands, test models and FRCs introduced with release 17.
Welcome to the 5G New Radio option
Accessing the 5G New Radio dialog
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
All functions not discussed in this manual are the same as in the base unit and are
described in the R&S SMM100A user manual. The latest version is available at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/SMM100A
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the delivery of the option or in the
R&S SMM100A service manual.
1.1 Accessing the 5G New Radio dialog
To open the dialog with 5G New Radio settings
► In the block diagram of the R&S SMM100A, select "Baseband > 5G NR".
A dialog box opens that displays the provided general settings.
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The signal generation is not started immediately. To start signal generation with the
default settings, select "State > On".
1.2 What's new
This section contains lists of major new features for each firmware version compared
to the previous version starting with firmware version 5.00.044.
For a detailed list of new features, refer to the release notes published with the corresponding firmware version.
What's new for firmware version 5.00.166
●
Support of sidelink signal generation, including the following main features:
– S-SS and PBSCH
– PSSCH and PSCCH
– Resource pool configuration
Sidelink features are available with R&S SMM-K170.
●
Support of functionality to create a copy of configured carriers.
●
Support of puncturing allocation type.
●
Support of PDSCH power for auto DCI mode.
●
Release 17 features: support of various 3GPP release 17 features. See "The
R&S SMM-K171 key features" on page 12 for details.
Welcome to the 5G New Radio option
Documentation overview
What's new for firmware version 5.00.044
●
Support of type 1 single panel codebook precoding.
●
Release 16 feature: Interlacing for PUSCH and PUCCH.
●
Release 16 feature: IAB support, for example IAB format, SSB periodicities and
IAB RMCs.
●
Release 16 feature: New and improved RMCs, FRCs and test cases.
1.3 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S SMM100A user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S SMM100A product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/smm100a
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1.3.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S SMM100A and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc. A printed version is delivered with the instrument.
1.3.2 User manuals and help
Separate manuals for the base unit and the software options are provided for download:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Software option manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of an option. Basic information on
operating the R&S SMM100A is not included.
Welcome to the 5G New Radio option
Documentation overview
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S SMM100A. The
help offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit
and the software options.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.3.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking compliance with rated specifications, firmware update, troubleshooting, adjustments, installing options and maintenance.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
1.3.4 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S SMM100A in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
1.3.5 Printed safety instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
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1.3.6 Data sheets and brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S SMM100A. It also lists
the options and their order numbers and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/smm100a
1.3.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/smm100a
Welcome to the 5G New Radio option
Scope
1.3.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/smm100a
1.4 Scope
Tasks (in manual or remote operation) that are also performed in the base unit in the
same way are not described here.
In particular, it includes:
●
Managing settings and data lists, like saving and loading settings, creating and
accessing data lists, or accessing files in a particular directory.
●
Information on regular trigger, marker and clock signals and filter settings, if appropriate.
●
General instrument configuration, such as checking the system configuration, configuring networks and remote operation
●
Using the common status registers
For a description of such tasks, see the R&S SMM100A user manual.
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1.5 Notes on screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
Welcome to the 5G New Radio option
Notes on screenshots
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2 About the 5G New Radio option
The implementation of the option 5G New Radio R&S SMM-K144 is based on the
3GPP Rel. 15 specification group TS 38.xxx. According to these specifications, the
3GPP defines a great flexibility of the signal on the air interface.
This section is a brief summary of the main air interface parameters, see Table 2-1.
Availability of main air interface parameters
Several main air interface parameters have been upgraded with 3GPP release 16 and
3GPP release 17, in particular the extended frequency deployment ranges, certain
channel bandwidths (for example 35 MHz and 35 MHz) or certain subcarrier spacings
and are therefore only available with the corresponding option (R&S SMM-K148 and
R&S SMM-K171).
If you do not have R&S SMM-K171 and the distinction between FR2-1 and FR2-2, you
only see FR2. All settings that depend on the frequency deployment range are treated
as if they were in FR2-1 in that case.
About the 5G New Radio option
Table 2-1: Main air interface parameters
Parameter Frequency range FR1* Frequency range FR2*
Frequency bands** 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz
7.125 GHz to 24.250 GHz
Carrier aggregation ≤ 16 carriers
Initially 1
Channel bandwidth 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40,
45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 MHz
and 100 MHz
Subcarrier spacing (SCS) 15, 30, 60 kHz FR 2-1: 60, 120 kHz
Modulation schemes Up to 1024QAM Up to 1024QAM
●
MIMO schemes
Multiple access schemes
DL: 2x2 and 4x4 MIMO
(≤ 8 layers)
●
UL: SISO and 2x2 MIMO
(≤ 4 layers)
●
DL: CP-ODFMA
●
UL: CP-OFDMA and
optionally DFT-s-OFDM
FR 2-1: 24.250 GHz to 52.60 GHz
FR 2-2: 52.60 GHz to 71.00 GHz
≤ 16 carriers
FR 2-1: 50, 100, 200, 400
FR 2-2: 400, 800, 1600, 2000 MHz
FR 2-2: 120, 480, 960 kHz (depending on
channel bandwidth)
≤ 2 layers:
●
DL: 2x2 MIMO
●
UL: SISO and 2x2 MIMO
●
DL: CP-ODFMA
●
UL: CP-OFDMA and optionally DFTs-OFDM
*)
Throughout this description, the designations are used interchangeably.
**)
Frequency bands as defined by the 3GPP specification group TS 38.104 (currently
release 17). You can however select also any other frequency within the frequency
range your R&S SMM100A supports (see Chapter 2.1, "Required options",
on page 18).
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2.1 Required options
The basic equipment layout for generating 5G New Radio signals includes the options:
●
Base unit
●
Baseband generator (R&S SMM-B9)
●
Baseband real-time extension (R&S SMM-B520)
●
Option 5G New Radio (R&S SMM-K144)
●
Optional, option 5G NR Release 16 (R&S SMM-K148).
Requires R&S SMM-K144.
●
Optional, option 5G NR Sidelink (R&S SMM-K170).
●
Optional, option 5G NR Release 17 (R&S SMM-K171).
Requires R&S SMM-K144 and R&S SMM-K148.
You can generate signals via play-back of waveform files at the signal generator. To
create the waveform file using R&S WinIQSIM2, you do not need a specific option.
To play back the waveform file at the signal generator, you have two options:
●
Install the R&S WinIQSIM2 option of the digital standard, e.g. R&S SMM-K255 for
playing LTE waveforms
●
If supported, install the real-time option of the digital standard, e.g. R&S SMM-K55
for playing LTE waveforms
About the 5G New Radio option
5G NR numerology
For more information, see data sheet.
2.2 5G NR numerology
5G NR signals can be transmitted in several frequency ranges. For each of the frequency range, the 3GPP specifies the allowed subcarrier spacing (SCS) and the supported cyclic prefix (CP), see Table 2-2.
However, not all combinations of frequency range, SCS and CP are allowed. Moreover,
the 3GPP specification defines the allowed combinations indirectly, as the so called
numerology. A numerology is thus the combination of the SCS and the CP, where the
SCS is defined as follows:
Δf = 15 kHz * 2μ, with μ = 0 to 4.
Table 2-2: Supported combinations of SCS and CP per frequency range
μ
SCS,
kHz
(Δf)
Max.
channel
bandwidth,
MHz
N
bol
sym-
slot
framesNsub-
N
slot
frame
slot
Symbol
duration
μs
Normal
cycli
c
prefix
(NCP
)
Extended
cyclic
prefix
(ECP)
Supported
for
data
Supported
for
synchronization
FR1 FR2-1FR2-2
0 15 50 14 10 1 66.67 x - x x x - -
1 30 100 14 20 2 33.33 x - x x x - -
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About the 5G New Radio option
Frame structure, slots and slot formats
μ
SCS,
Max.
kHz
channel
band-
(Δf)
width,
MHz
2 60 100
(FR1)
200
(FR2-1)
3 120 400
100
(FR2-2)
4 240 - 14 160 16 4.17 x - - x - x -
5 480 1600 14 320 32 2.08 x - x x - - x
6 960 2000 14 640 64 1.04 x - x x - - x
N
sym-
slot
bol
14 (NCP)
12 (ECP)
14 80 8 8.33 x - x x - x x
framesNsub-
N
slot
40 4 16.67 x x x - x x -
frame
slot
Symbol
duration
μs
Normal
cycli
c
prefix
(NCP
)
Extended
cyclic
prefix
(ECP)
Supported
for
data
Supported
for
synchronization
FR1 FR2-1FR2-2
2.3 Multiple accesses schemes
5G NR supports two channel access methods for uplink signals, CP-OFDM and DFT-sOFDM (see Table 2-1). Depending on the use case, one or the other has advantages
over the other. For DFT-s-OFDM, an additional signal processing stage, transform precoding, is applied. Transform precoding is the term for the digital Fourier transformation
(DFT) used in the 5G NR standard.
Figure 2-1: Signal processing depending on multiple access schemes
In this implementation, you can define per PUSCh which of the two access schemes is
used.
2.4 Frame structure, slots and slot formats
Frame structure
As it is in LTE, the 5G NR frame is 10 ms long; a half-frame lasts 5 ms. Frames consist
of 10 subframes, each of them with a length of 1 ms.
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Subframes contain a variable number of slots, depending on the subcarrier spacing
(SCS). Moreover, subframes can use different SCS in different bandwidth parts (BWP),
see Figure 2-4.
Because the frame (subframe) lengths are constant but the number of slots and their
lengths varies, the common time boundaries between the different numerologies are
the frames (or the subframes).
Slots and slots formats
The basic transmission unit in 5G NR is the slot. Slots can have different formats; slots
comprise of 14 or 12 OFDM symbols, depending on the used cyclic prefix (CP). Hence,
depending on the used CP, there are different numbers of slots per frame (and subframe) and the CP itself depends on the used numerology, see Table 2-2.
Slots can have different formats, defined by the slot format index (SFI). The SFI is signaled by group common PDCCHs. The slot formats differ in the number of symbols
that can be used for DL (D) and UL (U) transmission. Most of the symbols are usually
used for transmission of user data (payload). Slots can also contain flexible symbols
(x), that can be used for dynamic DL/UL transmission or as a gap for the DL to UL and
vice versa switching.
About the 5G New Radio option
Resource blocks and resource grid
The slot formats are defined in TS 38.211, table 4.3.2-3.
2.5 Resource blocks and resource grid
Resource grid
The basic granularity in 5G NR resource grid is the resource element (RE), which
consists of one OFDM symbol over one subcarrier and is the same as in LTE. Another
granularity unit is a resource block (RB), which spans 12 subcarriers in frequency
domain.
Resource blocks
The 5G NR specification defines different types of resource blocks:
●
Common resource blocks (CRB)
The term CRB is typically used when referring to the whole carrier. A CRB grid is
defined for each numerology.
The center of subcarrier #0 of the CRB#0 is referred as Reference point A; it is
signaled relative to SS/PBCH or ARFCN.
See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.
●
Usable resource blocks (URBs)
The term URB is used to specify the subset of the CRBs of a specific numerology
where transmission is allowed; that is, these RBs are not in the guard bands. The
URBs define the so called transmission bandwidth (TxBW) for the respective
numerology, see Chapter 2.6, "Transmission bandwidths TxBWs", on page 21.
●
Physical resource blocks (PRB)
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The term PRB describes the RBs inside the bandwidth parts (BWP). PRBs are
numbered relative to the beginning of the bandwidth part.
See Carrier bandwidth part (BWP) and Figure 5-4.
2.6 Transmission bandwidths TxBWs
As listed in Table 2-2, there are different numerologies (that is different combinations of
subcarrier spacing SCS and cyclic prefix CP) supported for each deployment and
channel bandwidth combination. The different SCSs results in transmission bandwidths
TxBWs, which span different frequency ranges and according to TS 38.104 use different number of resource blocks NRB. The start of the TxBW is signaled relative to the
Reference point A and is numerology-specific.
To achieve a common alignment between the different TxBWs within a carrier, the
3GPP specification defines the following rules:
●
Alignment is achieved, if the center of the first subcarrier (SC#0) of an RB is
aligned to the center of the SC#0 of the RBs of all numerologies with a smaller μ.
●
The TxBWs are centered on the carrier center, that is around the center of the
"Channel Bandwidth" for the corresponding carrier.
●
If not applicable, the TxBWs can be shifted with ±6 subcarriers relative to the carrier center, where for each TxBWs the corresponding SCS applies.
About the 5G New Radio option
Transmission bandwidths TxBWs
21User Manual 1179.3221.02 ─ 05
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About the 5G New Radio option
Transmission bandwidths TxBWs
Figure 2-2: Transmission bandwidth (example)
Carrier = Channel bandwidth = 5 MHz
RB = Resource blocks
SCS = Subcarrier spacing
TxBWs = Transmission bandwidth
TxBWs#1 = SCS 15 kHz, usable resource blocks USB = "N_RB = 25"; TxBWs is not centered on the
carrier center, a frequency shift with k0μ = -6 subcarriers is applied
TxBWs#2 = SCS 30 kHz, usable resource blocks USB = "N_RB = 11"; TxBWs is centered on the carrier
μ
k
0
= Number of subcarriers the TxBW is shifted related to the carrier center, see k0μ
center ("k
μ
0
= 0")
ΔRB = Usable RB to common RBs, see TxBW Offset
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1 = Aligned centers of the first subcarrier (SC#0) of resource blocks
Point A = Common reference point for all numerologies and TxBWs; does not have to be within the
Carrier center = Center frequency of the carrier
Δf = Offset between the baseband center frequency and the reference point A, see Point A to
From all possible TxBWs for a specific channel bandwidth, the base station decides
which TxBWs to use. The base station/network signals the position of the used TxBWs
to the users as function of the following:
●
The position of the Reference point A, that is common to all numerologies.
●
The frequency offset ΔRB between the usable resource blocks of the TxBWs and
the Reference point A, see TxBW Offset.
●
The used frequency shift k
2.7 Synchronization signals and SS/PBCH block
About the 5G New Radio option
Synchronization signals and SS/PBCH block
carrier bandwidth. Point A is the center of subcarrier #0 of the CRB#0
Baseband Center.
μ
= {-6, 0, 6}, see k0μ.
0
The 3GPP specifies two synchronization signals (SS), the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and the secondary synchronization signal (SSS). Together with the physical
broadcast channel (PBCH), they are bundled in a synchronization signal block (SS/
PBCH block). PSS/SSS are used for radio frame synchronization and detection of the
physical layer cell ID. The location of the synchronization signal is variable.
The PBCH carries general system information. It is polar-coded and QPSK modulated.
The PBCH symbols carry its own DMRS, which position depends on the physical layer
cell ID.
An SS/PBCH block is transmitted on a fixed schedule. Each half-frame contains of
either 4, 8 or 64 SS/PBCH blocks, depending on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). The
SS/PBCH block is transmitted twice in a slot, if that slot carries the synchronization signal.
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About the 5G New Radio option
Synchronization signals and SS/PBCH block
Figure 2-3: Location of synchronization signals in a succession of several slots (Case A - 15 kHz
PSS/SSS = Primary/secondary synchronization signals
PBCH = Physical broadcast channel
SS/PBCH block = SS and PBCH are always transmitted together in a block
SS/PBCH burst
set
Frame = 10 ms = 10 slots
1 slot = 1 subframe = 1 ms
SC = Subcarrier
Start SS/PBCH
symbol
RB offset = Defines the SS/PBCH allocation position in the frequency (see RB Offset/RB Offset (15
Periodicity = Defines how often the burst set is repeated (in this example, periodicity = 10 ms; the
1st URB = First usable resource block (URB), that is the first RB within the TxBW, see Figure 2-2
Carrier center = Center frequency of the cell
Δf = Offset between the center frequency of SS/PBCH block and the carrier center fre-
SCS, f < 3 GHz)
= A group of 4, 8 or 64 SS/PBCH blocks, depending on the SCS (in this example, burst
set = 4 blocks)
= {2, 8} + 14n, where n = 0,1; Start symbols = 2, 8, 16 and 22
kHz SCS)/RB Offset (60 kHz SCS)); within an RB, the allocation can be further shifted
(see SC Offset/SC Offset (15 kHz SCS)/SC Offset (60 kHz SCS))
SS/PBCH burst set is repeated every frame), see Burst Set Periodicity
quency
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The SSs are allocated on predefined symbols but the allocated resource blocks and
subcarriers are user-defined. The TS 38.213 specifies the number of and the start of
the symbols depending on the used SCS and frequency range, see Figure 2-3. In
3GPP, these different start positions of the SS/PBCH blocks are referred as case A to
case E.
2.8 Carrier bandwidth part (BWP)
In 5G NR, the bandwidth used for the communication with a specific user (UE) is typically smaller than the channel bandwidth. These user-specific bandwidths are managed by the different-sized, so called (carrier) bandwidth parts (BWP). Each of BWP
uses its own numerology and thus can use different SCS, symbol duration and CP
length (see Table 2-2).
Using BWPs with different bandwidths allows flexible resource allocation, for example,
for support of UE with reduced bandwidth capabilities or supporting non-contiguous
spectrum. Bandwidth parts can overlap, in which case UEs share the resource elements.
About the 5G New Radio option
Carrier bandwidth part (BWP)
Figure 2-4: 5G NR numerology and BWP [1]
A BWP is a contiguous set of physical resource blocks that has the same subcarrier
spacing and thus numerology. UEs can be configured with up to 4 BWPs in DL and UL,
but only one can be active at a time. UEs are not expected to receive and transmit outside its active BWP.
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2.9 Carrier aggregation
The 5G NR specification defines the aggregation of multiple 5G carriers. Two up to 16
component carriers (CC, in 5G phase 1) can be grouped to provide wider transmission
bandwidths. Up to 1 GHz of spectrum can be aggregated. A UE could simultaneously
receive or transmit on one or multiple CCs depending on its capabilities.
Spectrum deployment can be either contiguous with adjacent component carriers, or
non-contiguous with non-adjacent component carriers. The individual component carriers can belong to the same frequency band (intra-band) or to different frequency bands
(inter-band). Component carriers transmitted by the same base station provide the
same cell coverage.
About the 5G New Radio option
Carrier aggregation
Figure 2-5: Carrier aggregation
The 5G NR specification defines two different approaches about informing the UE
about the scheduling for each band: a separate PDCCH for each carrier or a common
PDCCH for multiple carriers (cross-carrier scheduling).
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About the 5G New Radio option
Antenna port mapping
Figure 2-6: 5G NR scheduling approaches
In the dedicated/non-cross-carrier approach, the PDCCH on a component carrier
assigns PDSCH resources on the same component carrier.
In the cross-carrier approach, the PDCCH on a component carrier assigns resources
on one of multiple component carriers. The component carriers are identified by the
DCI field CIF (carrier indicator field).
Related settings
See:
●
Enable fading on the SMW.
Set "System Config > System Configuration > Fading/Baseband Config > Mode" to
"Advanced".
●
Chapter 5.2.2, "Carriers settings", on page 48
Set at least 2 carrier.
2.10 Antenna port mapping
Antenna ports are not physical antennas, but rather are a logical concept. Each
antenna port carries certain signal components (= physical channels) that have to be
transmitted under the same conditions. Physical channels can be transmitted on a sin-
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gle antenna port, or on several antenna ports. Each antenna port in turn can be mapped to one of the physical antennas. Typically, one physical antenna combines several
antenna ports. However, one specific antenna port can also be transmitted on more
than one physical antenna.
In this implementation, you can map the antenna ports used by the various physical
channels defined by 3GPP to one or two layer configurations in the dedicated "Antenna
Ports" dialogs.
These dialogs display the antenna port-mapping settings in a table form, as an
antenna port-mapping table.
The mapping table is a matrix with number of rows equal to the number of physical Tx
antennas (basebands) and number of columns equal of the number of antenna ports
(AP). The available antenna ports depend on the current configuration. The yellow
matrix elements in the mapping table indicate the default antenna port to physical
antenna (TX antenna/baseband) mapping.
Signal/Channel Antenna port
●
●
●
●
PSS / SSS
PBCH
S-PSS / S-SSS
PSBCH
About the 5G New Radio option
5G NR channels and signals overview
The synchronization signals are assumed to be transmitted on antenna port
4000.
PDSCH The PDSCH can be transmitted on multiple antenna ports (1000 to 1011).
By default, the PDSCH is transmitted on antenna port 1000 (for physical
antenna 1) and antenna port 1001 (for physical antenna 2).
PSSCH The PSSCH can be transmitted on antenna ports 1000 to 1001.
PUSCH The PUSCH can be transmitted on multiple antenna ports (0 to 11).
By default, the PUSCH is transmitted on antenna port 0 (for physical
antenna 1) and antenna port 1 (for physical antenna 2).
●
●
●
PDCCH
PUCCH
PSCCH
The PDCCH/PUCCH are assumed to be transmitted on antenna port 2000.
Related settings:
●
"Users/BWPs > UL BWPs > NZP CSI-RS" > Resource-Settings > Antenna Port
Mapping
●
"Users/BWPs > UL BWPs > SRS > SRS Resource Set Settings" > Antenna Ports >
Config
●
"Scheduling > PDSCH/PUSCH" > Antenna ports
2.11 5G NR channels and signals overview
Channels:
●
DL: PBCH, PDCCH (CORESET), PDSCH
●
UL: PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH
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Signals:
●
DL: PSS/SSS, CSI-RS, PRS, DMRS (for PBCH, PDCCH, PDSCH), TRS, PTRS
●
UL: DMRS (for PUCCH, PUSCH), PTRS, SRS
The following channels and signals are supported in the current firmware version:
●
PSS/SSS, PBCH, PDCCH (CORESET), PDSCH, PUSCH, PUCCH; PBCH incl.
MIB, PDSCH, PDCCH and PUSCH incl. DMRS, PTRS, SRS, CSI-RS, PRS
Related settings:
●
Chapter 5.2.11, "PBCH settings", on page 84
●
Chapter 5.3.6.6, "ZP CSI-RS settings", on page 129 and
Chapter 5.3.6.7, "NZP CSI-RS settings", on page 132
●
"PTRS Config ..." on page 118 and
Chapter 5.5.6, "PTRS settings", on page 209
●
Chapter 5.3.6.2, "PDSCH settings", on page 107
●
Chapter 5.3.7.4, "PUSCH settings", on page 147 and
Chapter 5.3.7.5, "PUSCH UCI settings", on page 163
●
Chapter 5.3.7.6, "SRS settings", on page 165
●
Chapter 5.5, "PDSCH and PUSCH settings", on page 192
●
Chapter 5.6, "CORESET settings", on page 216
●
Chapter 5.3.7.2, "PUCCH settings", on page 141 and
Chapter 5.7, "PUCCH settings", on page 242
●
Chapter 5.8, "PRACH settings", on page 249
About the 5G New Radio option
Overlap handling
2.12 Overlap handling
The TS 38.211 defines channels and signals that share the available resources in the
time-frequency domain.
Flexible scheduling is one of the main functions in 5G new radio. But this flexibility in
scheduling can lead to allocations of the same or different type that overlap fully or
partly in the time-frequency domain. Because the specification does not define all possible combinations of channels and signals, a proprietary internal mechanism decides
what bits are mapped to the affected subcarries.
The handling of overlapping resources depends on the priority of the affected channels, see Table 2-3.
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Table 2-3: Priority
Priority Channel or signal
High CORESET, PBCH, PDSCH, PRACH, PUCCH
Middle PDSCH
Low Dummy allocations
Overlap handling rules:
●
Overlapping of signals and/or channels with different priorities
The channel with the higher priority is transmitted completely. The overlap is not
indicated, not in the "Scheduling" dialog or in the "Time Plan".
●
Overlapping of allocations with the same priority
If channels with the same priority are scheduled to share resources, the signals of
the channels are added.
Both the "Scheduling" dialog and the "Time Plan" indicate the overlapping resources.
About the 5G New Radio option
Overlap handling
All signals
PUSCH
Example: Unresolved conflict
Figure 2-7 shows the scheduling table and the time plan of overlapping allocations
(PDSCH) with the same priorities.
Figure 2-7: Overlapping allocations
30User Manual 1179.3221.02 ─ 05
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