CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Digital Standard for
R&S®Signal Generators
Operating Manual
(;ÕÂI<)
1171.5225.12 ─ 19
Operating Manual
Test & Measurement
This document describes the following software options:
●
R&S®SMBV-K46
1415.8083.xx
●
R&S®SMU-K46
1160.9876.02
●
R&S®AMU-K46
1402.6506.02
●
R&S®SMATE-K46
1404.5507.02
●
R&S®SMJ-K46
1409.1016.02
This manual version corresponds to firmware version:
FW 3.50.082.xx and later of the R&S®SMBV100A
FW 3.20.286.xx and later of the R&S®SMU200A, R&S®SMATE200A, R&S®SMJ100A and R&S®AMU200A
© 2016 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
CDMA2000® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA -USA).
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®SMBV100A is abbreviated as R&S SMBV, R&S®SMU200A is
abbreviated as R&S SMU, R&S®AMU200A is abbreviated as R&S AMU, R&S®SMATE200A is abbreviated as R&S SMATE,
R&S®SMJ100A is abbreviated as R&S SMJ, R&S®WinIQSIM2TM is abbreviated as R&S WinIQSIM2; the license types
02/03/07/11/13/16/12 are abbreviated as xx.
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Documentation Overview............................................................................................. 7
1.2 Typographical Conventions.........................................................................................8
1.3 Notes on Screenshots.................................................................................................. 9
2 Introduction.......................................................................................... 10
3 Modulation System CDMA2000.......................................................... 12
3.1 Modulation System CDMA2000 in the Downlink (Forward).................................... 12
3.2 Modulation System CDMA2000 in the Uplink (Reverse)......................................... 12
3.3 Data Source - Uplink and Downlink...........................................................................13
3.4 Channel Coding - Uplink and Downlink.................................................................... 13
Contents
3.5 Long-Code Scrambling Generator - Downlink......................................................... 14
3.6 Power Control Puncturing - Downlink.......................................................................15
3.7 Variable-Length Walsh Spreading - Downlink..........................................................15
3.8 PN Short-Code Scrambling - Downlink.....................................................................15
3.9 Spreading - Uplink...................................................................................................... 15
3.9.1 Variable Length Walsh Spreading.................................................................................16
3.9.2 64-Ary Orthogonal Modulator........................................................................................16
3.10 Scrambling - Uplink.................................................................................................... 16
3.10.1 Scrambling for Radio Configuration 1 and 2 ................................................................ 16
3.10.2 Scrambling for Radio Configuration 3, 4 and 5............................................................. 18
3.11 Baseband Filtering - Uplink and Downlink............................................................... 19
3.12 I/Q Modulator - Uplink and Downlink.........................................................................19
3.13 Constellation of I/Q Signals - Downlink.................................................................... 20
3.13.1 BPSK channels............................................................................................................. 20
3.13.2 QPSK channels.............................................................................................................20
3.14 Power Control - Downlink and Uplink....................................................................... 21
4 User Interface....................................................................................... 22
4.1 General Settings for CDMA2000 Signals.................................................................. 23
4.2 Configure Base Station or Mobile Station................................................................ 27
4.3 Filter / Clipping / ARB Settings.................................................................................. 31
3Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
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4.3.1 Filter Settings................................................................................................................ 31
4.3.2 Clipping Settings........................................................................................................... 32
4.3.3 ARB Settings.................................................................................................................34
4.3.4 I/Q Setting..................................................................................................................... 34
4.4 Trigger/Marker/Clock Settings................................................................................... 35
4.4.1 Trigger In.......................................................................................................................36
4.4.2 Marker Mode................................................................................................................. 40
4.4.3 Marker Delay.................................................................................................................41
4.4.4 Clock Settings............................................................................................................... 42
4.4.5 Global Settings..............................................................................................................43
4.5 Predefined Settings - Downlink................................................................................. 44
4.6 Additional Mobile Station - Uplink.............................................................................47
4.7 Base Station Configuration........................................................................................48
Contents
4.7.1 Common Settings..........................................................................................................49
4.7.2 Code Domain and Channel Graphs.............................................................................. 51
4.7.3 Channel Table - BS.......................................................................................................55
4.8 More Parameters - BS Channel Table....................................................................... 61
4.8.1 General Settings........................................................................................................... 63
4.8.2 Power Control............................................................................................................... 64
4.8.3 Channel Coding............................................................................................................ 66
4.8.4 Additional Sync Channel Parameters........................................................................... 68
4.8.5 Error Insertion............................................................................................................... 70
4.9 More Parameters for F-PDCH - BS............................................................................ 71
4.9.1 General Settings for Packet Channel............................................................................72
4.9.2 Subpacket Table Settings............................................................................................. 73
4.9.3 Subpacket Graph.......................................................................................................... 76
4.10 Mobile Station Configuration (MS)............................................................................ 76
4.10.1 Common Settings - MS................................................................................................. 77
4.10.2 Power Control - MS.......................................................................................................78
4.10.3 Channel Table - MS...................................................................................................... 80
5 Remote-Control Commands............................................................... 85
5.1 Primary Commands.................................................................................................... 86
5.2 Filter/Clipping Settings...............................................................................................93
4Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
5.2.1 Filter Settings................................................................................................................ 93
5.2.2 Clipping Settings........................................................................................................... 96
5.3 Trigger Settings...........................................................................................................98
5.4 Marker Settings......................................................................................................... 102
5.5 Clock Settings........................................................................................................... 105
5.6 Predefined Settings.................................................................................................. 107
5.7 Base Stations Settings............................................................................................. 112
5.8 Mobile Station Settings............................................................................................ 144
List of Commands..............................................................................157
Index....................................................................................................161
Contents
5Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Contents
6Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
1 Preface
Preface
Documentation Overview
1.1 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S Signal Generator user documentation.
You find it on the product page at:
http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/SMBV100A.html > "Downloads"
Quick start guide
Introduces the R&S Signal Generator and describes how to set up and start working
with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc. A printed version is delivered with the
instrument.
Online help
Offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the software options directly on the instrument.
Operating manual
Separate manuals for the base unit and the software options are provided for download:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the quick start guide manual.
●
Software option manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of an option. Basic information on
operating the R&S Signal Generator is not included.
The online version of the operating manual provides the complete contents for immediate display on the Internet.
Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS, https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com).
7Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Instrument security procedures manual
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S Signal Generator in secure
areas.
Basic safety instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
Data sheet and brochure
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the software options, see "Digital Standards for Signal Generators - Data sheet" on the web site. It also lists the
options and their order numbers.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
Preface
Typographical Conventions
The release notes of the base units list new features, improvements and known issues
of the current firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software. See the product page of the base unit, e.g. at:
http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/SMBV100A.html > "Downloads" > "Firmware"
Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics, see http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnotes.
1.2 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
KEYS Key names are written in capital letters.
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
File names, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
8Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Convention Description
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
Preface
Notes on Screenshots
tion marks.
1.3 Notes on Screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as much as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic test situations.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
9Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
2 Introduction
The R&S SMx/AMU-K46 is a firmware application that adds functionality to generate
signals in accordance with the standard CDMA2000.
To play back a signal from a waveform file created by the simulation software
R&S WinIQSIM2, the corresponding R&S WinIQSIM2 digital standard option must be
installed.
CDMA2000 is the North American standard for the third mobile radio generation (3G).
It is a further development of the North American mobile radio system of the secondgeneration IS95 (CDMA). The R&S Signal Generator supports the CDMA2000 standard 3GPP2 C.S0002-C, version 1.0, May 2002 (release C). CDMA2000® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA –USA).
The R&S Signal Generator generates the CDMA2000 signals with a chip rate of
1,2288 Mcps, corresponding to the so-called "Spreading Rate 1".
Introduction
The CDMA2000 signals of the base station are generated in a combination of realtime
mode (realtime channels) and arbitrary waveform mode. Simulation of bit and block
errors can be activated for the channels generated in real time. In arbitrary waveform
mode, the signal is first calculated and then output.
The CDMA2000 signals of mobile station 1 (MS1) are always generated in realtime
mode, the signals of the three remaining mobile stations always in arbitrary waveform
mode.
In R&S SMBV, the CDMA2000 signal is generated in arbitrary waveform mode, i.e. the
signal is first calculated and then output.
The R&S Signal Generator simulates CDMA2000 at the physical channel level. The
following list gives an overview of the provided options for generating a CDMA2000
signal:
●
Configuration of up to four base stations or four mobile stations
●
Realtime generation of one traffic channel and the SYNC channel on the downlink
●
All special channels and up to 78 channels on the downlink (depending on the
radio configuration)
●
Packet channel according to 1xEV-DV on the downlink
●
Operating modes "Traffic", "Access", "Enhanced Access" and "Common Control"
on the uplink
●
"Misuse For Output Power Control" parameter for varying the original normal transmit power over time
●
Simulation of up to 64 additional mobile stations
●
Clipping for reducing the crest factor
●
All channel coding modes included in IS-2000 (Frame Quality Indicator, Convolutional Encoder, Turbo Encoder, Symbol Puncture, Interleaver, etc.)
●
Feeding through of bit errors (to test a BER tester) and block errors (to test a BLER
tester)
10Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
R&S SMBV does not support realtime channels and bit and block errors insertion.
Parameter Value
Spreading rate 1.2288 MHz
Introduction
Channel types
Downlink:
●
Forward Pilot (F-PICH)
●
Sync (F-SYNC)
●
Paging (F-PCH)
●
Transmit Diversity Pilot (F-TDPICH)
●
Auxiliary Pilot (F-APICH)
●
Auxiliary Transmit Diversity Pilot (F-ATDPCH)
●
Broadcast (F-BCH)
●
Quick Paging (F-QPCH)
●
Common Power Control (F-CPCCH)
●
Common Assignment (F-CACH)
●
Forward Common Control (F-CCCH)
●
Packet Channels
●
Forward Packet Data Control (F-PDCCH)
●
Forward Packet Data (F-PDCH)
●
Traffic Channels
●
Forward Dedicated Control (F-DCCH)
●
Forward Fundamental (F-FCH)
●
Forward Supplemental (F-SCH)
Uplink:
●
Reverse Pilot (R-PICH)
●
Access (R-ACH)
●
Enhanced Access (R-EACH)
●
Reverse Common Control (R-CCCH)
●
Traffic Channel
●
Reverse Dedicated Control (R-DCCH)
●
Reverse Fundamental (R-FCH)
●
Reverse Supplemental Code (R-SCCH)
●
Reverse Supplemental (R-SCH)
Channel count In downlink 4 base stations each with up to 78 code channels (depending
on the radio configuration).
In uplink 4 mobile stations with up to 8 code channels (depending on the
radio configuration).
Radio configuration RC 1 to RC 5 & RC10
Frame length Radio frame: 5 ms, 10 ms, 20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms (depending on
the channel type and the radio configuration)
PN offset 0 to 511
Quasi Orthogonal Walsh Set Set 1 to set 3
Channel coding All channel coding modes included in IS-2000 (Frame Quality Indicator,
Convolutional Encoder, Turbo Encoder, Symbol Puncture, Interleaver, etc.)
Long Code Mask 0 to 3FF FFFF FFFF hex
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CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
3 Modulation System CDMA2000
The following simplified diagram is used to explain the system principle of CDMA200 in
the forward (down) and reverse (up) link. The exact system configuration depends on
parameters like link direction, spreading rate, mode, radio configuration and channel
type. A detailed description cannot be given in this manual. For further information,
refer to the IS2000 standard.
Modulation System CDMA2000
Modulation System CDMA2000 in the Uplink (Reverse)
3.1 Modulation System CDMA2000 in the Downlink (Forward)
The following block diagram shows the components of the CDMA2000 transmission
system in the downlink.
Figure 3-1: Components of the CDMA2000 transmission system in the downlink (forward)
3.2 Modulation System CDMA2000 in the Uplink (Reverse)
The following block diagram shows the components of the CDMA2000 transmission
system in the uplink.
12Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Modulation System CDMA2000
Channel Coding - Uplink and Downlink
Figure 3-2: Components of the CDMA2000 transmission system in the uplink (reverse)
3.3 Data Source - Uplink and Downlink
The data fields of all channels can be filled from all possible data sources: pattern (all1,
all0, user-defined up to 64 bits), PRBS data, data lists and external data.
3.4 Channel Coding - Uplink and Downlink
In contrast to 3GPP FDD, channel coding with CDMA2000 is part of the physical layer.
The channel coding procedure can slightly vary depending on channel type, frame
length and data rate. The basic coding procedure is illustrated by the coding block in
the diagram above.
For a more exact definition, refer to the standard.
Add reserved bits: filled with "0" bits
Add frame quality indicator: calculation and insertion of a CRC (cyclic redundancy code) check-
sum for error identification.
Add 8 reserved/encoder
Tail bits: reserved, tail bits which set the subsequent coder to a defined final
Convolutional or turbo encoder: error correction code, depending on data rate and other parame-
state.
ters either by convolutional coding or turbo codes.
13Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Symbol repetition: symbol repetition is used together with bock symbol puncture for
Symbol puncture: symbol puncturing (elimination) is used together with bock symbol
Block interleaver: block-wise permutation of input data sequence of interleaver to
Modulation System CDMA2000
Long-Code Scrambling Generator - Downlink
adapting the convolutional or turbo coder output data rate to the
required input data rate of the interleaver.
repetition for adapting the convolutional or turbo coder output data
rate to the required input data rate of the interleaver.
reduce bit errors.
3.5 Long-Code Scrambling Generator - Downlink
The long-code generator is also referred to as scrambling code generator since it
scrambles the chip sequence in a user-specific way (long-code mask).
Figure 3-3: Long-code generator CDMA2000
The long-code generator is a feedback 42-bit shift register with its status vector linked
to a user-specific long-code mask to form the specific long-code sequence.
The generator polynomial of the shift-register section of the long-code generator is:
p(x) = x42+x35+x33+x31+x27+x26+x25+x22+x21+x19+x18+x17+x16+x10+x7+x6+x5+x3+x2+x1+1
A real long code is used in the forward link. In the reverse link, a complex long code
with I and Q component is required. The long code for the I component is derived
directly from the 1X generator, that for the Q component corresponds to the I long code
delayed by one chip.
14Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Modulation System CDMA2000
Spreading - Uplink
3.6 Power Control Puncturing - Downlink
To control the output power of the mobile station, the BS sends power control bits in
the traffic channel at an 800 Hz rate instead of the scrambled data bits. Depending on
the power control bits, the mobile station increases or reduces its output power.
3.7 Variable-Length Walsh Spreading - Downlink
Spreading of the CDMA2000 signal is performed in this block. Walsh codes with a variable spreading factor are used. The spreading factor and the Walsh code depend on
the spreading rate, channel type, frame length and data rate. To extend the base-station capacity, so-called 'quasi-orthogonal Walsh sets' can be used in addition to the
Walsh codes. The input data stream of the spreading unit is already complex (I + jQ). If
a standard Walsh code is used, spreading is performed by multiplying the input symbol
(modulo 2 multiplication) with the real Walsh code. The quasi-orthogonal Walsh code
results in complex spreading through an additional rotation of the output phase (the
spreading code then consists of a real and an imaginary part).
3.8 PN Short-Code Scrambling - Downlink
The (complex) input data stream of the PN short-code scrambler is multiplied by a
complex PN sequence (IPN + j QPN). This is also called 'quadrature spreading'. With
channels of the radio configurations 1 and 2, whose generation is comparable with that
of IS-95 systems, this block splits up the input stream in I and Q components.
The base-station-specific parameter PN offset determines the start phase of these PN
short-code sequences. This permits signals of different base stations to be distinguished.
Generator polynomial for I and Q components of the PN short code:
PI(x) = x15+x13+x9+x8+x7+x5+1
PQ(x) = X15+x12+x11+x10+x6+x5+x4+x3+1
The period of a PN short-code sequence is 26.666 ms.
3.9 Spreading - Uplink
Increasing the data rate or spreading in the reverse link is performed in different ways
depending on the radio configuration and the channel type.
15Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Modulation System CDMA2000
Scrambling - Uplink
3.9.1 Variable Length Walsh Spreading
Walsh codes with a variable spread factor are used for spreading. The spreading factor
and the Walsh code depend on the spreading rate, channel type, frame length and the
data rate. Spreading is obtained by multiplication of the input symbol (modulo 2 multiplication) by the real Walsh code.
3.9.2 64-Ary Orthogonal Modulator
Groups of 6 input bits are used for addressing a line of the Walsh code table with the
spread code length of 64. This 'modulator' increases the data rate by a factor of 64/6.
This type of rate increase comes from IS-95 and is used in the radio configurations 1
and 2.
3.10 Scrambling - Uplink
In the scrambling block of the uplink system, the spread data stream is scrambled by
means of the long code and the PN short code. Different methods are used for the
radio configurations 1, 2 and RC3 to RC5.
3.10.1 Scrambling for Radio Configuration 1 and 2
Figure 3-4: Scrambling in the uplink RC 1 and RC2
The output data stream of the spreading block is scrambled with the long code. The
rate is increased in addition by a factor of four. The long-code generator is also referred to as scrambling code generator since it scrambles the chip sequence in a userspecific way (long-code mask). This generator exactly corresponds to the generation
described in Chapter 3.5, "Long-Code Scrambling Generator - Downlink", on page 14
for the downlink.
The real input data stream of the PN short-code scrambler is multiplied by a complex
PN sequence (IPN + j QPN). This procedure is also called 'quadrature spreading'. With
16Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
channels of the radio configurations 1 and 2, whose generation is comparable with that
of IS-95 systems, this block splits up the input stream in I and Q components.
In contrast to the downlink, no variable PN offset parameter is available for the PN
short code in the reverse link. The PN offset is always 0.
Different generation rules are used for the PN short codes depending on the mode and
spreading rate. The generator polynomials of the PN short codes correspond to the
polynomials in the downlink (see Chapter 3.8, "PN Short-Code Scrambling - Downlink",
on page 15). The I and Q data streams consisting of {0, 1} sequences are then mapped to {+1, -1} in the signal point mapping block.
Because of the delay of the Q component, offset QPSK constellation known from the
reverse link of IS-95 is obtained from the QPSK constellation. Due to the Q delay, the
transfer of the I and Q signal components from one chip to the next is never synchronous. For this reason, there are no zero crossings in the transfer from one chip to the
next. This behavior can be seen in the vector diagram below.
Modulation System CDMA2000
Scrambling - Uplink
Figure 3-5: Scrambling in the uplink RC 1 and RC2
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CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Modulation System CDMA2000
Scrambling - Uplink
3.10.2 Scrambling for Radio Configuration 3, 4 and 5
Figure 3-6: Scrambling in the uplink RC3, RC4 and RC5
Here too, the long-code generator defined in Chapter 3.5, "Long-Code Scrambling
Generator - Downlink", on page 14 for the downlink is used. A complex long-code
sequence is required. For this purpose, the output sequence of the generator is used
as the I component and the sequence delayed by one chip as the Q component.
The I component of the long code is then multiplied by the I component of the PN short
code. The same applies for the Q component. The definition of the PN short code is
given in Chapter 3.8, "PN Short-Code Scrambling - Downlink", on page 15.
The subsequent operations decimate by factor of 2 and link the Q component to the
Walsh sequence (+-) and the I component. They serve for reducing the zero crossings
of the I/Q signal at the end of the whole scrambling process. Thus a behavior similar to
behavior in the uplink of 3GPP is obtained. It is also known as HPSK (hybrid phase
shift keying).
The resulting I/Q output stream is obtained by complex multiplication (modulo 2) of the
I/Q input sequence of the scrambler by the complex scramble sequence. The complex
scramble sequence is obtained from the long code and the PN short code. The constellation obtained is a combination of QPSK and offset QPSK.
In this mode, the traffic data streams of a channel are mapped either to the I or to the
Q path of the complex data stream (see Figure 3-6). With these so-called BPSK channels, the channel component at the scrambler input consists of a real or an imaginary
18Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
component. As can be seen in the table below, the constellation after complex scrambling is again at the angle bisector.
Table 3-1: Output combinations with BPSK channels
d(n) \ S-Code(n) -1-j -1+j +1-j +1+j
-1 +1+j +1-j -1+j -1-j
+1 -1-j -1+j +1-j +1+j
-j -1+j +1+j -1-j +1-j
+j +1-j -1-j +1+j -1+j
Modulation System CDMA2000
I/Q Modulator - Uplink and Downlink
3.11 Baseband Filtering - Uplink and Downlink
This block performs baseband filtering (pulse shaping and band limiting) of the I/Q signal. In addition to the filters specified in the standard, the signal generator also provides equalizer filters with a better adjacent-channel leakage ratio.
3.12 I/Q Modulator - Uplink and Downlink
The I/Q modulator defined in the IS2000 standard differs from the definition in this
implementation. The definition on which the implementation is based is used by virtually all digital communication standards, except IS95 and IS2000.
In the final step, the filtered IQ signal is modulated to the desired RF in a different way
in the I/Q modulator:
Figure 3-7: Definition of I/Q modulator in IS2000 and the R&S
IS2000 = the RF signal s(t) is derived from the baseband I/Q signal as s(t)=i(t)cos(2*pi*fct) +
q(t)sin(2*pi*fct)
R&S SMx/AMU = the RF signal s(t) is based on the definition s(t)=i(t)cos(2*pi*fct)-q(t)sin(2*pi*fct)
Signal Generator
To generate baseband signals according to IS2000 (CDMA200 standard) invert the Qpart of the signal, i.e. select "I/Q Modulator > I/Q Swap > On".
19Operating Manual 1171.5225.12 ─ 19
CDMA2000® incl. 1xEV-DV
Modulation System CDMA2000
Constellation of I/Q Signals - Downlink
3.13 Constellation of I/Q Signals - Downlink
Depending on radio configuration and channel type, the signal components in the different channels create different subconstellations.
3.13.1 BPSK channels
With some channel types (in RC1/2 and in the pilot channel), the data stream is split up
in I and Q components in the PN short code scrambling block. The input data stream
of this block is a real +/-1 sequence similar to BPSK. The complex output data
sequence is then as follows:
S
(n) = din(n) (PNI(n) + j PNQ(n)), with din(n), PNI(n), PNQ(n) ∊ {-1, +1}.
out
This yields four different output combinations for S
out
:
(-1 –j), (-1 +j), (+1 –j), (+1 +j),
i.e. all points are on one of the two angle bisectors at the I/Q level.
Figure 3-8: Constellation diagram of a BPSK channel with 0 dB power
3.13.2 QPSK channels
With other channel types, the input data stream of the PN short code scrambling
block is a complex ±1 ±j sequence similar to QPSK. The complex output data
sequence is then as follows:
S
(n) = (dI(n) + jdQ(n)) (PNI(n) + j PNQ(n)), with dI(n), dQ(n), PNI(n), PNQ(n) ∊ {-1, +1}.
out
Table 3-2: Output combinations with QPSK channels
PN(n) \ d(n) -1-j -1+j +1-j +1+j
-1-j +2j +2 -2 -2j
-1+j +2 -2j +2j -2
+1-j -2 +2j -2j +2
+1+j -2j -2 +2 +2j
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Modulation System CDMA2000
Power Control - Downlink and Uplink
This again yields four different output combinations for S
out
-2j, 2j, -2, 2,
i.e. all points are on one of the two axes at the I/Q level.
Figure 3-9: Constellation diagram of a QPSK channel with 0 dB power
3.14 Power Control - Downlink and Uplink
:
After spreading and scrambling, a channel-specific power factor p is applied to the signal. For example, a value of -6 dB therefore results in half the level (or 1/4 power).
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4 User Interface
The dialog for setting the CDMA2000 digital standard is either called from the baseband block or from the dialog tree under Baseband.
The dialog is split into several sections for configuring the standard. The choice of
transmission direction determines which displays and parameters are made available
in the lower section.
The upper section of the dialog is where the CDMA2000 digital standard is enabled,
the default settings are called and the transmission direction selected.
The valid CDMA2000 version and the spreading rate in use are displayed.
Many of the buttons lead to subdialogs for loading and saving the CDMA2000 configuration and for setting the filter, trigger and clock parameters.
The lower dialog section is where either the base station signal or the mobile station
signal is configured, depending on the transmission direction selected.
User Interface
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User Interface
General Settings for CDMA2000 Signals
4.1 General Settings for CDMA2000 Signals
The upper dialog section is where the CDMA2000 digital standard is enabled and reset
and where all the settings valid for the signal in both transmission directions are made.
State
Activates the standard and deactivates all the other digital standards and digital modulation modes in the same path.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:STATe on page 92
Set to Default
Calls the default settings. The values of the main parameters are listed in the following
table.
Parameter Value
State Not affected by "Set to default"
Link Direction Downlink
Filter CdmaOne + Equalizer
Clipping Off
Trigger Auto
Clock Internal
Base Station Configuration
State Off
Radio Configuration Traffic Channels 1 and 2 RC3
Radio Configuration other Traffic Channels RC1
Time Delay 0 chips
PN Offset 0
Transmit Diversity Off
Quasi Orthogonal Walsh Set 1
Mobile Station Configuration
State Off
Mode Traffic
Radio Configuration RC3
Channel Coding Complete
LC Mask (hex) 0
State (all Channels) Off
Power Control Off
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Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:PRESet on page 90
Save/Recall ...
Calls the "Save/Recall" dialog.
From the Save/Recall dialog,"" the "File Select" windows for saving and recalling
CDMA2000 configurations and the "File Manager" can be called.
CDMA2000 configurations are stored as files with the predefined file extension
*.cdma2k. The file name and the directory they are stored in are user-definable.
The complete settings in the "CDMA2000" dialog are saved and recalled.
"Recall CDMA2000 Setting"
"Save CDMA2000 Setting"
"File Manager"
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:SETTing:CATalog? on page 90
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:SETTing:LOAD on page 91
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:SETTing:STORe on page 91
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:SETTing:STORe:FAST on page 92
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:SETTing:DELete on page 91
User Interface
General Settings for CDMA2000 Signals
Opens the File Select window for loading a saved CDMA2000 configuration.
The configuration of the selected (highlighted) file is loaded by pressing the "Select" button.
Opens the "File Select" window for saving the current CDMA2000 signal configuration.
The name of the file is specified in the File name entry field, the directory selected in the save into field. The file is saved by pressing the
"Save" button.
The "Fast Save" checkbox determines whether the instrument performs an absolute or a differential storing of the settings. Enable this
function to accelerate the saving process by saving only the settings
with values different to the default ones. "Fast Save" is not affected
by the "Preset" function.
Calls the "File Manager".
The "File Manager" is used to copy, delete and rename files and to
create directories.
Data List Management
Calls the "Data List Management" dialog. This dialog is used to create and edit a data
list.
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All data lists are stored as files with the predefined file extension *.dm_iqd. The file
name and the directory they are stored in are user-definable.
The data lists must be selected as a data source from the subdialogs under the individual function, e.g. in the channel table of the base stations.
Note: All data lists are generated and edited by means of the SOURce:BB:DM subsys-
tem commands. Files containing data lists usually end with *.dm_iqd. The data lists
are selected as a data source for a specific function in the individual subsystems of the
digital standard.
Example: Creating and editing the data list
:SOUR:BB:DM:DLIS:SEL "d_list1"
:SOUR:BB:DM:DLIS:DATA #B1111010101000001111....
:SOUR:BB:DM:DLIS:DATA:APP #B1111010101000001111....
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:BSTation<st>:CGRoup<di0>:COFFset<ch>:DATA
on page 121
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:BSTation<st>:CGRoup<di0>:COFFset<ch>:DATA:
DSELect on page 122
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:BSTation<st>:CGRoup<di0>:COFFset<ch>:TPC:
DATA on page 128
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:BSTation<st>:CGRoup<di0>:COFFset<ch>:TPC:
DATA:DSELect on page 128
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:MSTation<st>:CHANnel<ch>:DATA on page 147
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:MSTation<st>:CHANnel<ch>:DATA:DSELect
on page 148
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:MSTation<st>:TPC:DATA on page 154
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:MSTation<st>:TPC:DATA:DSELect on page 154
User Interface
General Settings for CDMA2000 Signals
Generate Waveform File
Opens the subdialog for storing the current CDMA2000 signal as ARB signal in a
waveform file. This file can be loaded in the ARB dialog and processed as multicarrier
or multisegment signal.
The file name is entered in the subdialog. The file is stored with the predefined file
extension *.wv. The file name and the directory it is stored in are user-definable.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:WAVeform:CREate on page 93
CDMA 2000 Version
Displays the current version of the CDMA2000 standard.
The default settings and parameters provided are oriented towards the specifications
of the version displayed.
Remote command:
[:SOURce]:BB:C2K:VERSion? on page 93
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Spreading Rate
Displays the spreading rate.
Mode Spreading Rate 1 ("Direct Spread 1X") is used:
The Chip Rate parameter which determines the rate of the spread symbols that is
used for signal output, can be varied in the Filter, Clipping, ARB Settings dialog (see
Chapter 4.3, "Filter / Clipping / ARB Settings", on page 31).
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:CRATe? on page 88
Link Direction
Selects the transmission direction.
The settings of the base station or the mobile station are provided in the following dialog section in accordance with the selection.
"Downlink/ Forward Link"
"Uplink/ Reverse Link"
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:LINK on page 89
User Interface
General Settings for CDMA2000 Signals
The transmission direction selected is base station to mobile station.
The signal corresponds to that of a base station.
The transmission direction selected is mobile station to base station.
The signal corresponds to that of a mobile station.
Filtering/Clipping/ARB Settings
Calls the dialog for setting baseband filtering, clipping and the sequence length of the
arbitrary waveform component. The current setting is displayed next to the button.
The dialog is described in Chapter 4.3, "Filter / Clipping / ARB Settings", on page 31.
Remote command:
n.a.
Trigger/Marker
Calls the dialog for selecting the trigger source, for configuring the marker signals and
for setting the time delay of an external trigger signal (see Chapter 4.4, "Trigger/
Marker/Clock Settings", on page 35).
The currently selected trigger source is displayed to the right of the button.
Remote command:
n.a.
Execute Trigger
Executes a trigger manually. A manual trigger can be executed only when an internal
trigger source and a trigger mode other than "Auto" have been selected.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:TRIGger:EXECute on page 99
Clock
Calls the dialog for selecting the clock source and for setting a delay (see Chapter 4.4,
"Trigger/Marker/Clock Settings", on page 35).
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Remote command:
n.a.
User Interface
Configure Base Station or Mobile Station
4.2 Configure Base Station or Mobile Station
Depending on the transmission direction selection, the central section of the dialog provides the "Configure Base Station" section or the "Configure Mobile Station" section.
Reset All Base Stations
Resets all base stations to the predefined settings. The following table gives an overview of the settings. The preset value for each parameter is specified in the description
of the remote-control commands.
Parameter Value
Base Station Configuration
State Off
Time Delay 0 chips
PN Offset 0
Transmit Diversity Off
Quasi-orthogonal Walsh set 1
State (all channels) Off
Frame Length (0-5 / 0-7/ 0-10) 26.6 ms / 40 ms / 5 ms
Frame Length (all other channels) 20 ms
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Parameter Value
Data Rate (0-6,0-10,0-11,1-1,1-4,2-1,2-4) 9.6 kbps
Data Rate (0-7,0-9,1-2,1-3,2-2,2-3) 19.2 kbps
Data Rate (all other channels) 1.2 kbps
Walsh (0-2 / 0-5) 16 / 32
Walsh (1-1 / 1-2 / 1-3 / 2-1 / 2-2 / 2-3) 8 / 17 /18 /9 / 19 /20
Walsh (all other channels) 0
Power (0-1 / 0-6 ) -7 dB / -6.62 dB
Power (0-5 , 1-1, 2-1 / 1-2, 1-3, 2-2, 2-3) -12.72 dB / -9.72 dB
Power (all other channels) 0 dB
Data Source (0-1, 0-2, 0-3, 0-4) All0
Data Source (all other channels) PN9
Channel Coding (all Channels) Complete
User Interface
Configure Base Station or Mobile Station
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:BSTation:PRESet on page 114
Reset All Mobile Stations
Resets all mobile stations to the predefined settings. The following table gives an overview of the settings. The preset value for each parameter is specified in the description
of the remote-control commands.
Parameter Value
Mobile Station Configuration
State Off
Mode Traffic
Radio Configuration 3
Channel Coding Complete
LC Mask (hex) 0
State (all Channels) Off
Frame Length 20 ms
Data Rate (2 / 3, 4, 5) 9.6 kbps / 1.5 kbps
Walsh (0 / 8 / 4 / 2 /6) 0 / 8 / 4 / 2 / 6
Spread (2 / 3, 4, 5) 32 / 16
Power 0 dB
Data Source PN9
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Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:MSTation:PRESet on page 146
Copy ...
Copies the settings of a base or mobile station to a second base or mobile station. A
window opens for creating the destination station.
"Downlink / Forward" link direction "Uplink / Reverse" link direction
User Interface
Configure Base Station or Mobile Station
"Copy from Source"
Selects the base station or mobile station whose settings are to be
copied.
"To Destination"
Selects the base station or mobile station whose settings are to be
overwritten.
"Walsh Code Offset (Base Station only)"
Enters the offset to be applied when copying the base station to the
Walsh codes of the destination base station. The minimum value is 0
(Walsh codes are identical), the maximum value is 255.
"Accept"
Starts the copy process.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:COPY:SOURce on page 88
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:COPY:DESTination on page 87
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:COPY:COFFset on page 87
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:COPY:EXECute on page 87
Predefined Settings
Accesses the dialog for setting predefined configurations in "Downlink / Forward" direction, see Chapter 4.5, "Predefined Settings - Downlink", on page 44.
Additional Mobile Station
Accesses the dialog for simulating up to 64 additional mobile stations, see Chapter 4.6,
"Additional Mobile Station - Uplink", on page 47.
Adjust Total Power to 0dB
Sets the power of an enabled channel so that the total power of all the active channels
is 0 dB. This does not change the power ratio among the individual channels.
This parameter is available when the "CDMA2000 > State > On".
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Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:POWer:ADJust on page 90
Total Power
Displays the total power of the active channels.
The total power is calculated from the power ratio of the powered up code channels
with modulation on. If the value is not equal to 0 dB, the individual code channels are
internally adapted so that the "Total Power" for achieving the set output level is 0 dB.
Power ratios between the channels are retained.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:POWer[:TOTal]? on page 90
Select ...
Selects the base or mobile station and opens a dialog for editing the selected base or
mobile station.
The dialogs are described in Chapter 4.7, "Base Station Configuration", on page 48
and Chapter 4.10, "Mobile Station Configuration (MS)", on page 76.
Remote command:
(the base station or mobile station is selected by the keyword index BSTation<i> or
MSTation<i>.)
User Interface
Configure Base Station or Mobile Station
Base Station/Mobile Station State
Activates a base or mobile station.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:BSTation<st>:STATe on page 142
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:C2K:MSTation<st>:STATe on page 154
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