R&S®SMBVB-K89
NFC A/B/F
User Manual
(;Üà72)
1178820702
Version 05
This document describes the following software option:
●
R&S®SMBVB-K89 NFC A/B/F (1423.7947.xx)
This manual describes firmware version FW 5.00.044.xx and later of the R&S®SMBV100B.
© 2021 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.8207.02 | Version 05 | R&S®SMBVB-K89
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: NFC ForumTM is abbreviated as NFC Forum, EMVTM is abbreviated as
EMV, R&S®SMBV100B is abbreviated as R&S SMBVB; the license types 02/03/07/11/13/16/12 are abbreviated as xx
R&S®SMBVB-K89
1 Welcome to the NFC/EMV digital standard..........................................5
1.1 Accessing the NFC dialog............................................................................................5
1.2 What's new.....................................................................................................................6
1.3 Documentation overview..............................................................................................6
1.3.1 Getting started manual....................................................................................................6
1.3.2 User manuals and help................................................................................................... 6
1.3.3 Service manual............................................................................................................... 6
1.3.4 Instrument security procedures.......................................................................................7
1.3.5 Printed safety instructions............................................................................................... 7
1.3.6 Data sheets and brochures............................................................................................. 7
1.3.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA).............................................. 7
Contents
Contents
1.3.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc...................................................7
1.4 Scope............................................................................................................................. 8
1.5 Notes on screenshots...................................................................................................8
2 Required options....................................................................................9
3 About the NFC digital standard.......................................................... 10
3.1 Basics of data transmission with NFC......................................................................10
3.1.1 Power transmission and data transmission from a polling device................................. 11
3.1.2 Data transmission from a listening device.....................................................................11
3.1.3 Modulation scheme and coding.................................................................................... 12
3.1.4 NFC operating modes, modulation and coding.............................................................14
3.2 Timing aspects............................................................................................................ 15
3.3 Leveling aspects......................................................................................................... 17
3.3.1 Interpretation of "RF level" indication............................................................................ 17
3.3.2 Desired voltage of the unmodulated signal................................................................... 17
4 About the EMV contactless digital standard..................................... 19
4.1 Basics of data transmission with EMV contactless.................................................19
4.2 EMV contactless transmission technologies, modulation and coding................. 20
5 NFC configuration and settings..........................................................21
5.1 General settings.......................................................................................................... 21
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5.2 Trigger settings........................................................................................................... 24
5.3 Marker settings............................................................................................................28
5.4 Clock settings..............................................................................................................30
5.5 Global connectors settings........................................................................................31
5.6 Modulation settings.................................................................................................... 31
5.7 Predefined sequence.................................................................................................. 37
5.8 Sequence configuration settings.............................................................................. 38
5.9 Frame configuration settings.....................................................................................44
5.9.1 Parameters of the frame configuration dialog............................................................... 44
5.10 Clipping settings......................................................................................................... 61
6 How to generate signals with the NFC A/B/F option........................ 62
6.1 How to generate a signal for test of an NFC device in polling mode.....................62
Contents
6.2 How to generate a signal for test of an NFC device in listener mode....................63
7 Remote-control commands.................................................................66
7.1 Programming example............................................................................................... 67
7.2 Primary settings.......................................................................................................... 69
7.3 Save/recall operations................................................................................................ 71
7.4 Predefined sequence.................................................................................................. 72
7.5 Sequence configuration............................................................................................. 74
7.6 Frame configuration................................................................................................... 77
7.7 Modulation settings.................................................................................................. 105
7.8 Clipping settings....................................................................................................... 108
7.9 Trigger settings......................................................................................................... 109
7.10 Marker settings.......................................................................................................... 111
7.11 Clock settings............................................................................................................113
Glossary: List of terms and abbreviations...................................... 115
List of commands.............................................................................. 121
Index....................................................................................................126
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1 Welcome to the NFC/EMV digital standard
Welcome to the NFC/EMV digital standard
Accessing the NFC dialog
The R&S SMBV100B-K89 is a firmware application that adds functionality to generate
signals in accordance with the NFC/EMV.
The R&S SMBV100B-K89 NFC features:
●
Supports NFC- A, NFC- B and NFC- F.
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Supports poll and listen transmission mode.
●
Offers a quick frame configuration through a selection of predefined sequences for
the poll transmission mode.
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Offers a flexible configuration of the frame sequence.
●
Supports all relevant command types.
The R&S SMBV100B-K89 EMV features:
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Supports EMV Type A and EMV Type B.
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Supports PICC to PCD and PCD to PICC transmission mode.
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Offers a quick frame configuration through a selection of predefined sequences for
the PCD to PICC transmission mode.
●
Offers a flexible configuration of the frame sequence.
●
Supports all relevant command types.
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
All functions not discussed in this manual are the same as in the base unit and are
described in the R&S SMBV100B user manual. The latest version is available at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/SMBV100B
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the delivery of the option or in the
R&S SMBV100B service manual.
1.1 Accessing the NFC dialog
To open the dialog with NFC settings
► In the block diagram of the R&S SMBV100B, select "Baseband > NFC/EMV".
A dialog box opens that displays the provided general settings.
The signal generation is not started immediately. To start signal generation with the
default settings, select "State > On".
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1.2 What's new
1.3 Documentation overview
1.3.1 Getting started manual
Welcome to the NFC/EMV digital standard
Documentation overview
This manual describes firmware version FW 5.00.044.xx and later of the
R&S®SMBV100B.
Compared to the previous version there are editorial changes only.
This section provides an overview of the R&S SMBV100B user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S SMBV100B product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/smbv100b
Introduces the R&S SMBV100B and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc. A printed version is delivered with the instrument.
1.3.2 User manuals and help
Separate manuals for the base unit and the software options are provided for download:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Software option manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of an option. Basic information on
operating the R&S SMBV100B is not included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S SMBV100B. The
help offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit
and the software options.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.3.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking compliance with rated specifications, firmware update, troubleshooting, adjustments, installing options and maintenance.
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1.3.4 Instrument security procedures
1.3.5 Printed safety instructions
1.3.6 Data sheets and brochures
Welcome to the NFC/EMV digital standard
Documentation overview
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S SMBV100B in secure areas. It
is available for download on the Internet.
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S SMBV100B. It also
lists the options and their order numbers and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/smbv100b
1.3.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/smbv100b
1.3.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/smbv100b
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1.4 Scope
Welcome to the NFC/EMV digital standard
Notes on screenshots
Tasks (in manual or remote operation) that are also performed in the base unit in the
same way are not described here.
In particular, it includes:
●
Managing settings and data lists, like saving and loading settings, creating and
accessing data lists, or accessing files in a particular directory.
●
Information on regular trigger, marker and clock signals and filter settings, if appropriate.
●
General instrument configuration, such as checking the system configuration, configuring networks and remote operation
●
Using the common status registers
For a description of such tasks, see the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
1.5 Notes on screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
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2 Required options
Required options
The basic equipment layout for generating NFC signals includes:
●
Base unit
●
Baseband real-time extension (R&S SMBVB-K520)
●
Digital standard NFC A/B/F (R&S SMBVB-K89)
You can generate signals via play-back of waveform files at the signal generator. To
create the waveform file using R&S WinIQSIM2, you do not need a specific option.
To play back the waveform file at the signal generator, you have two options:
●
Install the R&S WinIQSIM2 option of the digital standard, e.g. R&S SMBVB-K255
for playing LTE waveforms
●
If supported, install the real-time option of the digital standard, e.g. R&S SMBVBK55 for playing LTE waveforms
For more information, see data sheet.
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3 About the NFC digital standard
About the NFC digital standard
Basics of data transmission with NFC
The following description is taken from the R&S White Paper 1MA182: "Near Field
Communication (NFC) Technology and Measurements" which contains further practical
hints.
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a new, short-range wireless connectivity technology that evolved from a combination of existing contactless identification and interconnection technologies. It was jointly developed by Sony and NXP Semiconductors (formerly Philips).
NFC is designed to enable the exchange of various types of information, such as telephone numbers, pictures, MP3 files or digital authorizations between two NFC enabled
devices like mobile phones, or between an NFC enabled mobile phone and a compatible RFID chip card or reader that are held close to each other. NFC is intended to be
used as an access key to contents and for services such as cashless payment, ticketing and access control.
NFC operates in a frequency range centered on 13.56 MHz and offers a data transmission rate of up to 424 kbit/s within a distance of approximately 10 centimeters. In contrast to the conventional contactless technology in this frequency range (only activepassive communications), communications between NFC-capable devices can be
active-active (peer-to-peer) as well as active-passive, NFC therefore represents a link
to the RFID world. NFC is backwards compatible with the widely used Smart Card
infrastructure based on ISO/IEC 14443 A (e. g. NXP's MIFARE technology) and
ISO/IEC 14443 B as well as with the Sony FeliCa card (JIS X 6319-4). For the
exchange of information between two NFC devices, a new protocol was developed
which is defined in the standards ECMA-340 and ISO/IEC 18092.
To guarantee the function of NFC devices conforming to the standards as well as comprehensive protocol tests, a number of RF tests also have to be carried out. An NFC
generator is an essential part of these tests. The option R&S SMBVB-K89 enables you
to generate signals in accordance with the NFC standard.
The NFC specific abbreviations used in this manual as well as the different types of tag
platforms/protocols (e.g. Type 4A Tag, NFC-DEP) are described in the NFC Digital Protocol Technical Specification. All mentioned standards are available under www.nfc-
forum.org.
3.1 Basics of data transmission with NFC
Like the RFID Standards 14443 and FeliCa NFC uses an inductive coupling. Similar to
the transformer principle, the magnetic near-field of two conductor coils is used to couple the polling device (initiator) and listening device (target).
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3.1.1 Power transmission and data transmission from a polling device
About the NFC digital standard
Basics of data transmission with NFC
Figure 3-1: Polling device (initiator) and listening device (target) configuration
The operating frequency is 13.56 MHz, and a bitrate of 106 kbit/s (partly also 212 kbit/s
and 424 kbit/s) is used. Modulation schemes are amplitude on/off keying (OOK) with
different modulation depth (100 % or 10 %) and BPSK.
For transmission to a passive system such as an NFC phone in passive card emulation
mode, the passive system uses the 13.56 MHz carrier signal of the polling device as
energy source. Modulation scheme of the polling device is ASK. For NFC peer-to-peer
mode, both directions are modulated and coded like a polling device. However less
power is necessary because both NFC devices use their own power supply and the
carrier signal is switched off after end of transmission.
3.1.2 Data transmission from a listening device
Due to the coupling of the coils of a polling and a listening device, a passive listening
device also affects the active polling device. A variation in the impedance of the listening device causes amplitude changes to the antenna voltage of the polling device,
detected by the polling device. This technique is called load modulation. Load modulation is carried out in listening mode (as with ISO/IEC 14443) using an auxiliary carrier
at 848 kHz which is modulated by the baseband and varies the impedance of the listening device. The Figure 3-2 shows the spectrum with load modulation. Modulation
spectra of carrier and auxiliary carriers are indicated with triangles (Modulation spectra
of carrier and of auxiliary carriers do not appear at the same time because NFC uses
time division multiplexing). The modulation scheme is ASK (as with ISO/IEC 14443 A
PICC’s) or BPSK as with 14443 B PICC’s. There is a third passive mode which is compatible to FeliCa where the load modulation is without an auxiliary carrier directly as
ASK on the 13.56 MHz carrier.
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About the NFC digital standard
Basics of data transmission with NFC
Figure 3-2: Load modulation on a 13.56 MHz carrier with 848 kHz auxiliary carrier.
3.1.3 Modulation scheme and coding
Amplitude shift keying (OOK) with different modulation depths (100% or 10%) or BPSK
(as with ISO/IEC 14443 B PICC’s) is used.
Figure 3-3: ASK with 100% modulation depth
Figure 3-4: ASK with 10% modulation depth
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About the NFC digital standard
Basics of data transmission with NFC
Figure 3-5: NRZ-L Coding with BPSK
NRZ-L, Modified Miller and Manchester Coding are used by NFC.
●
With NRZ-L a “high”-state during a bit duration indicates a logic 1, a “low”-state a
logic 0.
●
With Manchester Coding the first half of a bit will be set to “high”-state at a logic 1,
and the second half to “low state”. With a logic 0, the fist half of a bit is set to “low”state and the second half to “high”-state.
●
With Modified Miller Coding with a logic 1 a “low” pulse occurs after half of the bit
duration. With a logic 0 a “low”-pulse occurs at the beginning of a bit. Exception: If
a logic 0 follows a 1 no pulse occurs, the signal remains high.
Figure 3-6: Coding with NFC is either NRZ_L, Modified Miller or Manchester
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About the NFC digital standard
Basics of data transmission with NFC
In Figure 3-7 load modulation is visualized for ASK modulation with Manchester Coding (14443 A PICC or NFC-A device in passive card emulation mode, see Chap-
ter 3.1.4, "NFC operating modes, modulation and coding", on page 14)
Figure 3-7: Visualization of load modulation with auxiliary carrier in time and frequency domain
3.1.4 NFC operating modes, modulation and coding
There are three main operating modes for NFC:
●
Card emulation mode (passive mode): the NFC device behaves like an existing
contactless card conforming to one of the legacy standards
●
Peer-to-peer mode: two NFC devices exchange information. The initiator device
(polling device) requires less power compared to the reader/writer mode because
the target (listener) uses its own power supply.
●
Reader/writer mode (active mode): the NFC device is active and reads or writes to
a passive legacy RFID tag.
Figure 3-8: NFC operating modes
Every mode (card emulation, peer-to-peer, reader/writer mode) can be combined with
one of the following transmission technologies:
●
NFC-A (backward compatible to ISO/IEC 14443 A)
●
NFC-B (backward compatible to ISO/IEC 14443 B)
●
NFC-F (backward compatible to JIS X 6319-4)
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To support all the different technologies, an NFC device in polling mode first attempts
to get responses from NFC-A, NFC-B and NFC-F tags with the according request signals. When getting a response from a compatible device, the NFC device sets up the
corresponding communication mode (NFC-A, NFC-B or NFC-F mode).
Coding and modulation varies depending on active or passive communication mode,
NFC-A, -B, -F communication, and bitrate.
The Table 3-1 shows coding, modulation and data rates for NFC-A, -B or -F communi-
cation.
Table 3-1: NFC RF standards overview
About the NFC digital standard
Timing aspects
NFC forum
Standard
NFC-A Polling Modified Miller ASK 100% 106 kb/s 13.56 MHz
NFC-B Polling NRZ-L ASK 10% 106 kb/s 13.56 MHz
NFC-F Polling Manchester ASK 10% 212 / 424 kb/s 13.56 MHz
Polling /
Listening
Listening Manchester Load modulation
Listening NRZ-L Load modulation
Listening Manchester Load modulation (APSK) 212 / 424 kb/s 13.56 MHz (without subcarrier)
Coding Modulation Data rate Carrier frequency
106 kb/s 13.56 MHz +-848kHz subcar-
(ASK subcarrier)
106 kb/s 13.56 MHz+-848kHz subcarrier
(BPSK subcarrier)
rier
3.2 Timing aspects
The NFC specification defines the duration of the individual commands as a number of
bits. This instrument generates the signal as sample sequence where the applied sample rate is user-defined. Depending on the selected sampling rate it may be that the
duration of a command expressed in samples does not result in an integer number of
samples. In this implementation however the length of the sequence is always an integer number of samples, i.e. the software rounds up the number of samples to the next
integer value. The rounding up procedure is applied on command basis, even if a command is repeated.
The Figure 3-10 shows this principle as an example.
Example:
The Figure 3-9 shows an example of a sequence with the following settings:
●
Sample Rate = 20.1 Msps
●
Technology > "NFC-A"
●
Transmission Mode > "Poll"
Command Type Rep. Duration (µs)
"SENS_REQ" 1 (calculated and displayed automatically)
"IDLE" 1 0.05
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About the NFC digital standard
Timing aspects
Command Type Rep. Duration (µs)
"ALL_REQ" 2 (calculated and displayed automatically)
"BLANK" 1 0.1
Figure 3-9: Example of sequence configuration settings
The Figure 3-10 illustrates the calculation of the Start Time per command and the
parameters Total Sequence Duration and Total Number of Samples.
Figure 3-10: Calculation of duration and number of samples for Sample Rate = 20.1 Msps
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3.3 Leveling aspects
3.3.1 Interpretation of "RF level" indication
About the NFC digital standard
Leveling aspects
1 = "Duration" * "Sample Rate" = # Samples, "Samples" = Cell (# samples)
2 = Duration* = "Samples"/"Sample Rate"
3 = "Start Time"N = (Duration*1 + .. + Duration*
4 = "Total Number of Samples" = "Samples"1 + ... + "Samples"
) = ("Samples"1 + ... + "Samples"
N–1
N
)/"Sample Rate"
N–1
For some modulation settings, especially for those that cause very smooth signal
edges, it might be necessary that the implementation not only rounds up to the next
integer number of samples, but also that it enlarges the commands even more, in order
to prevent a sharp cutting of the last signal edge of the command.
This chapter describes general leveling aspects.
This chapter describes the interpretation of the RF Level.
The "RF Level" indication of the generators does not display the RMS signal
level!
The "RF Level" indication in the header of the instrument refers to the power during the
unmodulated parts of the signal, i.e. the part where the relative signal voltage is 100%
(outside of overshoots) and the "Power Offset" is 0 dB (see Figure 3-11).
Figure 3-11: Signal leveling of a sequence build from two commands with "Power Offset" of 0 dB and
3 dB respectively, "RF Level" = -30dBm and "PEP" = -27 dBm
3.3.2 Desired voltage of the unmodulated signal
Several test cases require a listener test signal prior to the modulation on the RF carrier. This test signal is then supplied to the reference listener antenna. Three leveling
parameters are provided to calculate the settings to reach the required voltage of the
unmodulated signal automatically.
These parameters are available for "Transmission Mode > Listen" and "NFC State >
On", for details see "Unmodulated Parts Voltage To Peak Voltage Ratio" on page 24 ,
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About the NFC digital standard
Leveling aspects
"Desired Voltage In Unmodulated Signal parts" on page 24 and "Update Analog I/Q
Settings For Desired Voltage" on page 24.
To use these leveling parameters...
1. Define the "Desired Voltage In Unmodulated Signal Parts".
2. Select "Update Analog I/Q Settings For Desired Voltage" to automatically adjust the
settings at the I/Q output connectors ("I/Q Level Vp (EMF)").
Parameter "Unmodulated Parts Voltage To Peak Voltage Ratio" displays the ratio of the
voltage in the unmodulated parts of the signal to its peak value.
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4 About the EMV contactless digital standard
About the EMV contactless digital standard
Basics of data transmission with EMV contactless
EMV is a standard that defines the interaction between an integrated circuit (IC) cards
and IC cards processing devices for payments. EMV stands for Europay, MasterCard
and Visa, the companies that initiated the development of the EMV specifications in the
mid 1990s. Over the years the initiator companies were joint by JCB, American
Express and China Union Pay. Today the EMV standard is defined by the EMVCo LLC
corporation.
The EMV Contactless is based on ISO/IEC 14443 "Identification cards -- Contactless
integrated circuit cards-- Proximity cards" . It sets a standard for the usage of contactless systems for contactless payments.
In 2012 the EMVCo and NFC Forum agreed to work in collaboration on establishing a
framework for the synchronization of the NFC Forum and EMVCo Specificitions and
the management of contactless product certification. The option R&S SMBVB-K89
enables you to generate signals in accordance with the NFC standard and the EMV
Contactless standard thus allowing you to perform the tests needed to guarantee the
proper performance of your devices.
The EMV specific abbreviations used in this manual as well as the different types of
tag platforms/protocols are described in the EMV Contactless Specifications for Payment Systems. The specifications are available under www.emvco.com.
4.1 Basics of data transmission with EMV contactless
A contactless system consists of two basic components: a contactless reader (PCD)
and a transponder (PICC). The EMV contactless uses the electromagnetic near field of
two conductor coils (a primary coil of the PCD and a secondary coil of the PICC) to
couple the contactless reader and the transponder, see Figure 4-1.
Figure 4-1: PCD (contactless reader) and PICC (transponder) configuration
The operating frequency is 13.56 MHz, and a bitrate of 106 kbit/s is used. Modulation
schemes are amplitude shift keying (ASK) with different modulation depth (100 % or 10
%), amplitude on/off keying (OKK) and BPSK.
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4.2 EMV contactless transmission technologies, modula-
About the EMV contactless digital standard
EMV contactless transmission technologies, modulation and coding
tion and coding
The EMV contactless has two main communication signal interfaces (based on
ISO/IEC 14443):
●
Type A
●
Type B
The Table 4-1 shows coding and modulation for the EMV Type A and the EMV Type B
communication.
Table 4-1: EMV contactless standards overview
Standard PCD-PICC /
PICC-PCD
Type A PCD-PICC Modified Miller ASK 100%
Type B PCD-PICC NRZ-L ASK 10%
PICC-PCD Manchester Load modulation (OOK subcarrier)
PICC-PCD NRZ-L Load modulation (BPSK subcarrier)
Coding Modulation
Refer to Chapter 3.1.3, "Modulation scheme and coding", on page 12 for a description
of the used modulation schemes and coding.
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5 NFC configuration and settings
5.1 General settings
NFC configuration and settings
General settings
Access:
► Select "Baseband > NFC/EMV".
The remote commands required to define these settings are described in Chapter 7,
"Remote-control commands", on page 66.
This tab provides access to the default and the "Save/Recall" settings. The selected
technology and transmission mode determine the available parameters.
State..............................................................................................................................21
Set to Default................................................................................................................ 22
Save/Recall .................................................................................................................. 22
Data List Management.................................................................................................. 23
Generate Waveform File............................................................................................... 23
Technology.................................................................................................................... 23
Divisor (Bit Rate)........................................................................................................... 23
Transmission Mode.......................................................................................................23
Clipping Settings........................................................................................................... 24
Unmodulated Parts Voltage To Peak Voltage Ratio...................................................... 24
Desired Voltage In Unmodulated Signal parts.............................................................. 24
Update Analog I/Q Settings For Desired Voltage..........................................................24
State
Activates the standard and deactivates all the other digital standards and digital modulation modes in the same path.
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NFC configuration and settings
General settings
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:STATe on page 70
Set to Default
Calls the default settings. The values of the main parameters are listed in the following
table.
Parameter Value
State Not affected by "Set to default"
Technology NFC A
Transmission mode Poll
Clipping Off
Command type (in "Sequence" dialog) for NFC-A, Poll: SENS_REQ
for NFC-B, Poll: SENSB_REQ
for NFC-F, Poll: SENSF_REQ
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:PRESet on page 70
Save/Recall ...
Calls the "Save/Recall" dialog.
From this dialog the "Save/Recall Settings" windows for saving and recalling NFC configurations and the "File Manager" can be accessed.
NFC configurations are stored as files with the predefined file extension *.nfc. Their
file name and directory are user-definable.
The complete settings in the "NFC" dialog are saved and recalled.
"Recall NFC
Setting"
Opens the "Recall Settings" window for loading a saved NFC configuration.
The configuration of the selected (highlighted) file is loaded by pressing the "Select" button.
"Save NFC
Setting"
Opens the "Save Settings" window for saving the current NFC signal
configuration.
The name of the file is specified in the file name entry field, the directory selected in the save into field. The file is saved by pressing the
"Save" button.
"File Manager"
Calls the "File Manager".
The "File Manager" is used to copy, delete and rename files and to
create directories.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:SETTing:CATalog? on page 72
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:SETTing:LOAD on page 72
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:SETTing:STORe on page 72
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:SETTing:DELete on page 72
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NFC configuration and settings
General settings
Data List Management...
Calls the "Data List Management" dialog. This dialog is used to create and edit a data
list.
All data lists are stored as files with the predefined file extension *.dm_iqd. Their file
name and directory are user-definable.
The data lists must be selected as a data source from the subsection under the individual function.
Note: All data lists are generated and edited with the SOURce:BB:DM subsystem com-
mands. Files containing data lists usually end with *.dm_iqd. The data lists are
selected as a data source for a specific function in the individual subsystems of the digital standard.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:CBLock<ch>:DATA on page 88
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:CBLock<ch>:DATA:DSELection on page 88
Generate Waveform File...
With enabled signal generation, triggers the instrument to save the current settings of
an arbitrary waveform signal in a waveform file with predefined extension *.wv. You
can define the filename and the directory, in that you want to save the file.
Using the ARB modulation source, you can play back waveform files and/or process
the file to generate multi-carrier or multi-segment signals.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:WAVeform:CREate on page 71
Technology
Selects the NFC/EMV technology.
"NFC-A, NFC-B, NFC-F"
NFC technology. For details, see the NFC digital protocol technical
specification.
"EMV Type A, EMV Type B"
EMV technology. For details, see the EMV technical specification.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TECHnology on page 70
Divisor (Bit Rate)
Available for "Technology > NFC-F", this parameter selects the used divisor (2 or 4)
and determines the increased resulting bit rate of 212 Kbit/s or 424 Kbit/s respectively.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:DIVisor on page 69
Transmission Mode
Selects the transmission mode.
"Poll / Listen"
Available for "Technology > NFC-A /NFC-B/ NFC-F"
For details, see Figure 3-1.
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NFC configuration and settings
Trigger settings
"PICC to PCD / PCD to PICC"
Available for "Technology > EMV Type A / EMV Type B"
For details, see Chapter 3, "About the NFC digital standard",
on page 10 and Chapter 4, "About the EMV contactless digital stan-
dard", on page 19.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TMODe on page 70
Clipping Settings...
Accesses the dialog to configure clipping, see Chapter 5.10, "Clipping settings",
on page 61.
Unmodulated Parts Voltage To Peak Voltage Ratio
Available only for "Transmission Mode > Listen / PICC to PCD" and "State > On".
Displays the ratio of the voltage in the unmodulated parts of the signal to its peak
value.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:UPVoltage? on page 71
Desired Voltage In Unmodulated Signal parts
Available only for "Transmission Mode > Listen / PICC to PCD" and "State > On".
Defines the desired voltage in unmodulated signal parts.
The displayed "Unmodulated ... Ratio" depends only on the signal and is not changed
by the input of a "Desired Voltage".
See Chapter 3.3, "Leveling aspects", on page 17.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:DVOLtage on page 69
Update Analog I/Q Settings For Desired Voltage
Available only for "Transmission Mode > Listen / PICC to PCD" and "State > On".
Automatically adjusts the related parameters of the analog I and Q outputs to the
desired voltage.
For a detailed description of all parameters, refer to section "I/Q analog output settings"
in the manual of the R&S SMx.
See Chapter 3.3, "Leveling aspects", on page 17.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:UAISetting on page 70
5.2 Trigger settings
This tab provides access to the settings necessary to select and configure the trigger,
like trigger source and mode, as well as to arm or trigger an internal trigger manually.
The current signal generation status is displayed in the header of the tab together with
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NFC configuration and settings
Trigger settings
information on the enabled trigger mode. As in the "Marker" and "Clock" tabs, this tab
provides also access to the settings of the related connectors.
This section focuses on the available settings.
For information on how these settings affect the signal, refer to section "Basics on ..."
in the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
► To access the marker settings, select "Baseband > NFC/EMV > Trigger In".
This dialog contains the parameters required for configuring trigger signals.
Routing and enabling a trigger
The provided trigger signals are not dedicated to a particular connector. Trigger signals
can be mapped to one or more User x connectors.
The provided trigger signals are not dedicated to a particular connector. Trigger signals
can be mapped to one or two User x connectors.
Use the Global connectors settings to configure the signal mapping, the polarity, the
trigger threshold and the input impedance of the input connectors.
To route and enable a trigger signal, perform the following general steps:
●
Define the signal source and the effect of a trigger event.
Select the "Trigger In > Mode" and "Trigger In > Source".
●
Define the connector where the selected signal is provided.
Use the "Global Connectors" settings.
Trigger Mode.................................................................................................................25
Signal Duration Unit...................................................................................................... 26
Signal Duration..............................................................................................................26
Running/Stopped.......................................................................................................... 26
Arm................................................................................................................................26
Execute Trigger.............................................................................................................27
Trigger Source...............................................................................................................27
Sync. Output to External Trigger/Sync. Output to Trigger............................................. 27
Trigger Delay / External Delay...................................................................................... 28
Trigger Inhibit / External Inhibit......................................................................................28
Trigger Mode
Selects trigger mode, i.e. determines the effect of a trigger event on the signal generation.
●
"Auto"
The signal is generated continuously.
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NFC configuration and settings
Trigger settings
●
"Retrigger"
The signal is generated continuously. A trigger event (internal or external) causes a
restart.
●
"Armed Auto"
The signal is generated only when a trigger event occurs. Then the signal is generated continuously.
An "Arm" stops the signal generation. A subsequent trigger event (internal or external) causes a restart.
●
"Armed Retrigger"
The signal is generated only when a trigger event occurs. Then the signal is generated continuously. Every subsequent trigger event causes a restart.
An "Arm" stops signal generation. A subsequent trigger event (internal or external)
causes a restart.
●
"Single"
The signal is generated only when a trigger event occurs. Then the signal is generated once to the length specified at "Signal Duration".
Every subsequent trigger event (internal or external) causes a restart.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC[:TRIGger]:SEQuence on page 111
Signal Duration Unit
Available in "Single Trigger" mode. Defines the unit for describing the length of the signal sequence to be output.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:SLUNit on page 110
Signal Duration
Enters the length of the signal sequence to be output in the "Single" trigger mode.
Use this parameter to output part of the signal deliberately, an exact sequence of the
signal, or a defined number of repetitions of the signal.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:SLENgth on page 110
Running/Stopped
With enabled modulation, displays the status of signal generation for all trigger modes.
●
"Running"
The signal is generated; a trigger was (internally or externally) initiated in triggered
mode.
●
"Stopped"
The signal is not generated and the instrument waits for a trigger event.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:RMODe? on page 110
Arm
Stops the signal generation until subsequent trigger event occurs.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:ARM:EXECute on page 109
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NFC configuration and settings
Trigger settings
Execute Trigger
Available only with internal trigger source and a trigger mode other than "Auto". Executes the trigger manually.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:EXECute on page 109
Trigger Source
The following sources of the trigger signal are available:
●
"Internal"
The trigger event is executed manually by the "Execute Trigger".
●
"External Global Trigger"
The trigger event is the active edge of an external trigger signal provided and configured at the User x connectors.
●
"Baseband Sync In"
In primary-secondary instrument mode, secondary instruments are triggered by the
active edge of the synchronization signal.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:SOURce on page 111
Sync. Output to External Trigger/Sync. Output to Trigger
Enables signal output synchronous to the trigger event.
●
"On"
Corresponds to the default state of this parameter.
The signal calculation starts simultaneously with the trigger event. Because of the
processing time of the instrument, the first samples are cut off and no signal is output. After elapsing of the internal processing time, the output signal is synchronous
to the trigger event.
●
"Off"
The signal output begins after elapsing of the processing time. Signal output starts
with sample 0. The complete signal is output.
This mode is recommended for triggering of short signal sequences. Short sequences are sequences with signal duration comparable with the processing time of the
instrument.
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NFC configuration and settings
Marker settings
In primary-secondary instrument mode, this setting ensures that once achieved, synchronization is not lost if the baseband signal sampling rate changes.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:EXTernal:SYNChronize:OUTPut
on page 110
Trigger Delay / External Delay
Delays the trigger event of the signal from:
●
The external trigger source
Use this setting to:
●
Synchronize the instrument with the device under test (DUT) or other external devices
●
Compensate delays and align the signal generation start in multi-instrument setup
For more information, see chapter "Basics on ..." in the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger[:EXTernal<ch>]:DELay on page 109
Trigger Inhibit / External Inhibit
Available on external triggering.
Sets the duration for inhibiting a new trigger event subsequent to triggering.
In the "Retrigger" mode, every trigger signal causes signal generation to restart. This
restart is inhibited for the specified duration.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger[:EXTernal<ch>]:INHibit on page 109
5.3 Marker settings
This tab provides access to the settings necessary to select and configure the marker
output signal, like the marker mode or marker delay settings.
This section focuses on the available settings.
For information on how these settings affect the signal, refer to section "Basics on ..."
in the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
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NFC configuration and settings
Marker settings
Access:
► Select "Baseband > NFC/EMV > Marker".
This dialog contains the parameters required for configuring marker output signals.
Routing and enabling a marker
The provided marker signals are not dedicated to a particular connector. They can be
mapped to one or more User x connectors.
To route and enable a marker signal, perform the following general steps:
●
Define the shape of the generated marker, i.e. select the "Marker > Mode".
●
Define the connector where the selected signal is provided.
Use the Global connectors settings.
Marker Mode
Marker configuration for up to 3 markers. The settings are used to select the marker
mode defining the shape and periodicity of the markers. The contents of the dialog
change with the selected marker mode.
"Restart"
"Pulse"
"Pattern"
A marker signal is generated on every repetition of the complete
frame sequence.
A regular marker signal is generated. The frequency is derived by
dividing the sample rate by the divider. The input box for the divider
opens when "Pulse" is selected, the resulting pulse frequency is displayed below it.
A marker signal that is defined by a bit pattern is generated. The pattern has a maximum length of 64 bits and is defined in an input field
which opens when pattern is selected.
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NFC configuration and settings
Clock settings
"ON/OFF Ratio"
Generated is a regular marker signal that is defined by an on/off ratio.
A period lasts one on and off cycle.
The "ON Time" and "OFF Time" are each expressed as a number of
samples.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:MODE on page 111
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:PULSe:DIVider on page 113
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:PULSe:FREQuency?
on page 113
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:PATTern on page 112
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:ONTime on page 112
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:OFFTime on page 112
Marker x Delay
Delays the marker signal at the marker output relative to the signal generation start.
Variation of the parameter "Marker x Delay" causes signal recalculation.
Remote command:
[:SOURce<hw>]:BB:NFC:TRIGger:OUTPut<ch>:DELay on page 113
5.4 Clock settings
This tab provides access to the settings necessary to select and configure the clock
signal, like the clock source and clock mode.
This section focuses on the available settings.
For information on how these settings affect the signal, refer to section "Basics on ..."
in the R&S SMBV100B user manual.
► To access the clock settings, select "Baseband > NFC/EMV > Clock".
This dialog contains the parameters required for configuring clock.
30User Manual 1178.8207.02 ─ 05
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