R&S®NRP18S-xx
High-Power Three-Path Diode Power
Sensors
User Manual
(;ÜTä2)
1178368602
Version 08
This manual describes the following high-power three-path diode power sensors with firmware version FW
02.40 and later:
●
R&S®NRP18S-10 (1424.6721K02)
●
R&S®NRP18S-20 (1424.6738K02)
●
R&S®NRP18S-25 (1424.6744K02)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners.
1178.3686.02 | Version 08 | R&S®NRP18S-xx
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, for example R&S®NRP18S-10 is
abbreviated as R&S NRP18S-10.
R&S®NRP18S-xx
1 Safety and regulatory information........................................................7
1.1 Safety instructions........................................................................................................7
1.2 Labels on the product...................................................................................................8
1.3 Warning messages in the documentation.................................................................. 8
2 Welcome................................................................................................. 9
2.1 Documentation overview..............................................................................................9
2.1.1 Getting started manual....................................................................................................9
2.1.2 User manuals.................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.3 Tutorials...........................................................................................................................9
2.1.4 Instrument security procedures.......................................................................................9
Contents
Contents
2.1.5 Basic safety instructions..................................................................................................9
2.1.6 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................... 10
2.1.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)............................................ 10
2.1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.................................................10
2.2 Key features.................................................................................................................10
3 Preparing for use................................................................................. 12
3.1 Unpacking and checking............................................................................................12
3.2 Choosing the operating site.......................................................................................12
3.3 Considerations for test setup.................................................................................... 13
3.4 Connecting to a DUT...................................................................................................13
3.5 Powering the power sensor....................................................................................... 14
3.6 Connecting a cable to the host interface..................................................................15
3.7 Connecting to a controlling host...............................................................................15
3.7.1 Computer...................................................................................................................... 15
3.7.2 Base unit....................................................................................................................... 18
4 Power sensor tour................................................................................19
4.1 RF connector............................................................................................................... 19
4.2 Status information...................................................................................................... 20
4.3 Host interface.............................................................................................................. 20
4.4 Trigger I/O connector..................................................................................................20
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5 Operating concepts............................................................................. 22
5.1 R&S NRP Toolkit..........................................................................................................22
5.1.1 Versions and downloads............................................................................................... 22
5.1.2 System requirements.................................................................................................... 22
5.1.3 R&S NRP Toolkit for Windows...................................................................................... 23
5.2 Remote control............................................................................................................24
5.3 R&S NRPV....................................................................................................................25
5.4 R&S Power Viewer...................................................................................................... 26
5.5 R&S Power Viewer Mobile..........................................................................................28
5.6 R&S NRX...................................................................................................................... 28
6 Firmware update.................................................................................. 30
6.1 Preparing the update.................................................................................................. 30
Contents
6.2 Updating the firmware................................................................................................ 30
6.2.1 Using the Firmware Update for NRP Family program...................................................30
6.2.2 Using remote control..................................................................................................... 32
7 Replacing an R&S NRP‑Zxx with an R&S NRP18S-xx ..................... 34
7.1 Important difference................................................................................................... 34
7.2 Prerequisites............................................................................................................... 34
8 Remote control commands.................................................................35
8.1 Conventions used in SCPI command descriptions................................................. 35
8.2 Notations......................................................................................................................36
8.3 Common commands...................................................................................................37
8.4 Preparing for the measurement.................................................................................41
8.4.1 Selecting the reference source..................................................................................... 41
8.4.2 Selecting a measurement path..................................................................................... 41
8.4.3 Selecting a measurement mode................................................................................... 42
8.4.4 Configuring the measured values................................................................................. 43
8.5 Controlling the measurement.................................................................................... 44
8.5.1 Starting and ending a measurement............................................................................. 45
8.5.2 Triggering...................................................................................................................... 46
8.5.3 Controlling the measurement results............................................................................ 48
8.5.4 Interplay of the controlling mechanisms........................................................................49
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8.5.5 Configuring the trigger...................................................................................................54
8.6 Configuring the measurement modes...................................................................... 59
8.6.1 Continuous average measurement............................................................................... 59
8.6.2 Burst average measurement.........................................................................................63
8.6.3 Timeslot measurement..................................................................................................64
8.6.4 Trace measurement...................................................................................................... 66
8.7 Configuring basic measurement parameters...........................................................70
8.7.1 Configuring auto averaging........................................................................................... 70
8.7.2 Setting the frequency.................................................................................................... 74
8.7.3 Excluding intervals........................................................................................................ 74
8.7.4 Configuring corrections................................................................................................. 76
8.8 Configuring measurement results.............................................................................91
8.8.1 Setting the power unit................................................................................................... 91
Contents
8.8.2 Setting the result format................................................................................................ 92
8.9 Querying measurement results................................................................................. 93
8.9.1 Continuous average measurement results................................................................... 93
8.9.2 Burst average measurement results............................................................................. 94
8.9.3 Timeslot measurement results...................................................................................... 94
8.9.4 Trace measurement results...........................................................................................94
8.10 Calibrating, zeroing.....................................................................................................96
8.11 Testing..........................................................................................................................98
8.12 Configuring the system.............................................................................................. 99
8.12.1 Configuring general functions....................................................................................... 99
8.13 Using the status register.......................................................................................... 108
8.13.1 General status register commands............................................................................. 108
8.13.2 Reading the CONDition part....................................................................................... 108
8.13.3 Reading the EVENt part..............................................................................................109
8.13.4 Controlling the ENABle part........................................................................................ 109
8.13.5 Controlling the negative transition part........................................................................109
8.13.6 Controlling the positive transition part......................................................................... 110
9 Performing measurement tasks - programming examples............ 111
9.1 Performing the simplest measurement................................................................... 111
9.2 Performing the fastest measurement in continuous average mode.................... 111
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9.2.1 Untriggered fast unchopped continuous average measurement.................................111
9.2.2 Triggered fast unchopped continuous average measurement.................................... 113
9.3 Performing a buffered continuous average measurement................................... 114
9.4 Performing trace measurements............................................................................. 116
9.5 Trace measurement with synchronization to measurement complete................ 117
10 Remote control basics.......................................................................119
10.1 Remote control interfaces and protocols............................................................... 119
10.1.1 USB interface.............................................................................................................. 119
10.2 Status reporting system........................................................................................... 120
10.2.1 Overview..................................................................................................................... 120
10.2.2 Device status register..................................................................................................122
10.2.3 Questionable status register....................................................................................... 124
Contents
10.2.4 Standard event status and enable register (ESR, ESE)............................................. 127
10.2.5 Operation status register.............................................................................................128
11 Troubleshooting.................................................................................136
11.1 Displaying status information..................................................................................136
11.2 Performing a selftest................................................................................................ 136
11.3 Problems during a firmware update........................................................................136
11.4 Contacting customer support..................................................................................137
12 Transporting.......................................................................................138
13 Maintenance, storage and disposal................................................. 139
13.1 Regular checks..........................................................................................................139
13.2 Cleaning..................................................................................................................... 140
13.3 Storage.......................................................................................................................140
13.4 Disposal..................................................................................................................... 140
List of commands.............................................................................. 142
Index....................................................................................................147
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1 Safety and regulatory information
Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
The product documentation helps you use the product safely and efficiently. Follow the
instructions provided here and in the following chapters.
Intended use
The power sensors are intended for accurate and uncomplicated power measurements
in production, R&D and calibration labs as well as for installation and maintenance
tasks. The supported base units are listed in the data sheet. Observe the operating
conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Target audience
The target audience is developers and technicians. The required skills and experience
in power measurements depend on the used operating concept.
The power sensor is designed for high-power applications.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you of potential dangers and gives instructions on how to prevent personal injury or damage caused by
dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
In Chapter 1.1, "Safety instructions", on page 7. The same information is provided in many languages as printed "Safety Instructions". The printed "Safety
Instructions" are delivered with the product.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.
1.1 Safety instructions
Products from the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies are manufactured according
to the highest technical standards. To use the products safely, follow the instructions
provided here and in the product documentation. Keep the product documentation
nearby and offer it to other users.
Use the product only for its intended use and within its performance limits. Intended
use and limits are described in the product documentation such as the data sheet,
manuals and the printed "Safety Instructions". If you are unsure about the appropriate
use, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
Using the product requires specialists or specially trained personnel. These users also
need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user interfaces
and the product documentation are available.
Reconfigure or adjust the product only as described in the product documentation or
the data sheet. Any other modifications can affect safety and are not permitted.
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Safety and regulatory information
Warning messages in the documentation
Never open the casing of the product. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product. If any part of the product is damaged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service at
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/support.
Operating the product
Only use the product indoors. The product casing is not waterproof.
Observe the ambient conditions such as altitude, operating temperature and climatic
loads; see the data sheet.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential hazards.
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
1.2 Labels on the product
Labels on the product inform about:
●
Personal safety
See "Meaning of safety labels" on page 8.
●
Environment safety
See Table 1-1.
●
Identification of the product
The name plate at the rear side of the power sensor contains the serial number
that uniquely identifies the power sensor.
Table 1-1: Labels regarding environment safety
Labeling in line with EN 50419 for disposal of electrical and electronic equipment after the product has come to the end of its service life.
For more information, see "Disposing electrical and electronic equipment" on page 140.
1.3 Warning messages in the documentation
A warning message points out a risk or danger that you need to be aware of. The signal word indicates the severity of the safety hazard and how likely it will occur if you do
not follow the safety precautions.
NOTICE
Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to other
property.
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2 Welcome
2.1 Documentation overview
Welcome
Documentation overview
This chapter provides an overview of the user documentation and an introduction to
the R&S NRP18S-xx .
This section provides an overview of the R&S NRP18S-xx user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/nrp18s-xx
Further documents are available at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/nrp_s_sn
2.1.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S NRP18S-xx and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations and general information, e.g. safety instructions,
etc. A printed version is delivered with the power sensor.
2.1.2 User manuals
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands
with programming examples, and information on maintenance and interfaces. Includes
the contents of the getting started manual.
2.1.3 Tutorials
Tutorials offer guided examples and demonstrations on operating the R&S NRP18Sxx . They are provided on the product page of the internet.
2.1.4 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S NRP18S-xx in secure areas. It
is available for download on the Internet.
2.1.5 Basic safety instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
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2.1.6 Data sheets and brochures
2.1.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
Welcome
Key features
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S NRP18S-xx . It also
lists the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/nrp18s-xx
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The "Open Source Acknowledgment" is provided on the user documentation CD-ROM,
included in the delivery. It contains verbatim license texts of the used open source software.
www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/nrp_s_sn
2.1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/nrp18s-xx
2.2 Key features
The 3-path diode power sensors are members of the NRP power sensors from Rohde
& Schwarz.
They provide a high-speed USB interface that constitutes both the communication port
and the power supply connection.
The R&S NRP18S-xx power sensors are designed for high-power applications. Each
R&S NRP18S-xx power sensor is delivered with an upstream attenuator.
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Welcome
Key features
Figure 2-1: R&S NRP18S-10, R&S NRP18S-20 and R&S NRP18S-25 (from left)
To provide physically correct results, the power sensor itself numerically compensates
the influence of the attenuator. Hence, the measurement output is not the power level
that is measured at the input port of the power sensor. It represents the power level at
the input of the attenuator.
This numerical compensation of a two-port ("S-parameter device") connected
upstream is also implemented in R&S NRP power sensors that are delivered without
an attenuator. You can select any third-party attenuator, measure its S-parameters and
connect it upstream of the power sensor in place of the supplied attenuator.
However, a precise measurement of the S-parameters is not trivial, and not all attenuators are sufficiently stable. To enable high-precision power measurements with R&S
NRP18S‑xx power sensors, each included attenuator is highly stable and accurately
calibrated on site. The factory-provided calibration data is stored in the factory calibration data set of the power sensor and includes the precisely determined S-parameter
values.
At start-up of the power sensor, it automatically activates S-parameter correction based
on the stored S-parameters. You can change this default behavior using the S-parameters tool included in the R&S NRP Toolkit, see Chapter 8.7.4.3, "S-parameter correc-
tion", on page 77.
●
If you use the power sensor without an attenuator to increase sensitivity, disable Sparameter correction.
●
If you use the power sensor with a third-party attenuator, load its S-parameters and
define it as the active device.
For a detailed specification, refer to the data sheet and the brochure.
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3 Preparing for use
3.1 Unpacking and checking
Preparing for use
Choosing the operating site
Here, you can find basic information about setting up the product for the first time.
● Unpacking and checking.........................................................................................12
● Choosing the operating site.................................................................................... 12
● Considerations for test setup.................................................................................. 13
● Connecting to a DUT...............................................................................................13
● Powering the power sensor.....................................................................................14
● Connecting a cable to the host interface.................................................................15
● Connecting to a controlling host..............................................................................15
1. Unpack the product carefully.
2. Retain the original packing material. Use it when transporting or shipping the product later.
3. Using the delivery notes, check the equipment for completeness.
4. Check the equipment for damage.
If the delivery is incomplete or equipment is damaged, contact Rohde & Schwarz.
3.2 Choosing the operating site
Specific operating conditions ensure proper operation and avoid damage to the product and connected devices. For information on environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
Electromagnetic compatibility classes
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) class indicates where you can operate the
product. The EMC class of the product is given in the data sheet.
●
Class B equipment is suitable for use in:
– Residential environments
– Environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that
supplies residential buildings
●
Class A equipment is intended for use in industrial environments. It can cause
radio disturbances in residential environments due to possible conducted and radiated disturbances. It is therefore not suitable for class B environments.
If class A equipment causes radio disturbances, take appropriate measures to
eliminate them.
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3.3 Considerations for test setup
Preparing for use
Connecting to a DUT
Give particular attention to the following aspects when handling power sensors.
Handling the R&S NRP18S‑xx power sensor
CAUTION! Hot surfaces. Under certain conditions, the maximum surface tempera-
►
tures of the power sensor can exceed the limits defined in the EN 61010-1 standard, safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and
laboratory use.
Provide protection as follows:
a) Ensure that unintentional contact with the power sensor is impossible.
b) Wear heat-protective gloves when touching the power sensor after operation.
EMI impact on measurement results
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress electromagnetic radiation during operation:
●
Use high-quality shielded cables, for example, double-shielded RF and interface
cables.
●
Always terminate open cable ends.
●
Ensure that connected external devices comply with EMC regulations.
Signal input and output levels
Information on signal levels is provided in the data sheet. Keep the signal levels within
the specified ranges to avoid damage to the product and connected devices.
The test limits specified on the name plate apply only if the power sensor is operated
together with the RF power attenuator supplied. If the power sensor is operated without
attenuator, the lower test limits of the R&S NRP18S power sensor apply, as specified
in the data sheet.
Preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when you connect or disconnect a DUT.
NOTICE! Electrostatic discharge can damage the electronic components of the
►
product and the device under test (DUT).
Ground yourself to prevent electrostatic discharge damage:
a) Use a wrist strap and cord to connect yourself to ground.
b) Use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
3.4 Connecting to a DUT
For connecting the power sensor to a DUT, use the RF connector. See Chapter 4.1,
"RF connector", on page 19.
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Preparing for use
Powering the power sensor
To connect to the DUT
1. Ensure that the RF connector of your DUT is compatible with the RF connector of
the power sensor or attenuator.
See Table 4-1.
2. Inspect both RF connectors carefully. Look for metal particles, contaminants and
defects.
If either RF connector is damaged, do not proceed, because the risk of damaging
the mating connector is too high.
See also Chapter 13.1, "Regular checks", on page 139.
3. Insert the RF connector straight into the RF output of your DUT. Take care not to tilt
it.
180
NOTICE! Risk of damaging the center pin of the RF connector. Only rotate the hex
4.
nut of the RF connector. Never rotate the power sensor itself.
Tighten the RF connector manually.
To disconnect from the DUT
NOTICE! Risk of damaging the center pin of the RF connector. Always rotate only
►
the union nut of the RF connector. Never rotate the power sensor itself.
If the attenuator is attached to the power sensor:
a) Carefully loosen the union nut of the RF connector at the input of the attenua-
tor.
b) Remove the power sensor with the attenuator.
Normally, it is not necessary or advisable to separate the attenuator from the power
sensor if both are operated together.
► If you use the power sensor without attenuator:
a) Carefully loosen the union nut at the RF connector of the power sensor.
b) Remove the power sensor.
3.5 Powering the power sensor
The electrical power for the R&S NRP18S-xx is supplied over the host interface. See
Chapter 4.3, "Host interface", on page 20.
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3.6 Connecting a cable to the host interface
Preparing for use
Connecting to a controlling host
For connecting the power sensor to a USB host, use the host interface. See Chap-
ter 4.3, "Host interface", on page 20.
Depending on the USB host, use one of the following cables:
●
Computer or R&S NRP‑Z5 sensor hub:
R&S NRP‑ZKU cable with a USB connector
See Chapter 3.7.1, "Computer", on page 15.
●
Base units or other supported Rohde & Schwarz instruments:
R&S NRP‑ZK6 cable with a push-pull type connector
See Chapter 3.7.2, "Base unit", on page 18.
These cables can be obtained in different lengths up to 5 meters. The order numbers
are provided in the data sheet.
To connect a cable to the host interface of the power sensor
1. Insert the screw-lock cable connector into the host interface connector of the power
sensor.
2. Tighten the union nut manually.
To disconnect the host interface of the power sensor
1. Loosen the union nut of the screw-lock cable connector.
2. Remove the cable.
3.7 Connecting to a controlling host
As a controlling host, you can use:
●
Computer
●
Base unit
For operating the power sensor, you can choose from various possibilities. For details,
see Chapter 5, "Operating concepts", on page 22.
3.7.1 Computer
If the controlling host is a computer, you can operate the power sensor in several ways.
For details, see Chapter 5, "Operating concepts", on page 22.
► Establish the connection using:
● Host interface
See Chapter 3.7.1.1, "Simple USB connection", on page 16.
See Chapter 3.7.1.2, "R&S NRP‑Z5 sensor hub setup", on page 16.
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3.7.1.1 Simple USB connection
Preparing for use
Connecting to a controlling host
All R&S NRP18S-xx power sensors can be connected to the USB interface of a computer.
Required equipment
●
R&S NRP18S-xx power sensor
●
R&S NRP‑ZKU cable
Setup
7
1
Figure 3-1: Setup with an R&S NRP‑ZKU cable
1 = Signal source
2 = Attenuator
3 = R&S NRP18S-xx power sensor
4 = Host interface connector
5 = R&S NRP‑ZKU cable
6 = USB connector
7 = Computer with installed VISA driver or R&S NRP Toolkit
2
3
4
6
5
Set up as shown in Figure 3-1.
1. Connect the R&S NRP‑ZKU cable to the power sensor. See "To connect a cable to
the host interface of the power sensor" on page 15.
2. Connect the R&S NRP‑ZKU cable to the computer.
NOTICE! Incorrectly connecting or disconnecting the power sensor can damage
3.
the power sensor or lead to erroneous results. Ensure that you connect or disconnect the power sensor as described in Chapter 3.4, "Connecting to a DUT",
on page 13.
Connect the power sensor to the signal source.
4. On the computer, start a software application to view the measurement results.
See Chapter 5, "Operating concepts", on page 22.
3.7.1.2 R&S NRP‑Z5 sensor hub setup
The R&S NRP‑Z5 sensor hub (high-speed USB 2.0) can host up to four R&S NRP18Sxx power sensors and provides simultaneous external triggering to all connected power
sensors.
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R&S®NRP18S-xx
Preparing for use
Connecting to a controlling host
Required equipment
●
1 to 4 R&S NRP18S-xx power sensors
●
1 R&S NRP‑ZK6 cable per power sensor
●
R&S NRP‑Z5 sensor hub with external power supply unit and USB cable
●
BNC cables to connect the trigger input and trigger output signals (optional)
Setup
7
1
Figure 3-2: Setup with an R&S NRP-Z5 sensor hub
1 = External power supply unit
2 = Connect to AC power supply.
3 = Connect to computer with USB host interface.
4 = Optional: Connect to trigger source.
5 = Optional: Connect to triggered device.
6 = R&S NRP‑Z5 sensor hub
7 = Signal source (DUT)
8 = Attenuator
9 = R&S NRP18S-xx power sensor
10 = R&S NRP‑ZK6 cable
2 3 4
5
6
8
9
10
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R&S®NRP18S-xx
Preparing for use
Connecting to a controlling host
Set up as shown in Figure 3-2.
1. Connect the R&S NRP‑ZK6 cable to the power sensor. See "To connect a cable to
the host interface of the power sensor" on page 15.
2. Connect the power sensors to the R&S NRP‑Z5 sensor hub. You can connect up to
four power sensors.
3. Connect the R&S NRP‑Z5 to the computer.
NOTICE! Incorrectly connecting or disconnecting the power sensor can damage
4.
the power sensor or lead to erroneous results. Ensure that you connect or disconnect the power sensor as described in Chapter 3.4, "Connecting to a DUT",
on page 13.
Connect the power sensors to the signal sources.
5. Connect the delivered external power supply unit to the R&S NRP‑Z5 and to an AC
supply connector.
6. Connect the trigger input of the R&S NRP‑Z5 with a BNC cable to the trigger
source (optional).
7. Connect the trigger output of the R&S NRP‑Z5 with a BNC cable to the trigger
device (optional).
8. On the computer, start a software application to view the measurement results.
See Chapter 5, "Operating concepts", on page 22.
3.7.2 Base unit
As a controlling host, you can use an R&S NRX base unit.
You can also operate the power sensor using other supported Rohde & Schwarz
instruments with a sensor connector. For details, see also the user manual of the
instrument.
► Establish the connection with the base unit using:
Host interface, see Chapter 5.6, "R&S NRX", on page 28.
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4 Power sensor tour
Power sensor tour
RF connector
This chapter provides an overview of the available connectors and LEDs of the power
sensor.
1
2
3
4
Figure 4-1: R&S NRP18S‑xx power sensor
1 = RF connector (attenuator), see Chapter 4.1, "RF connector", on page 19
2 = RF connector (power sensor), see Chapter 4.1, "RF connector", on page 19
3 = Status LED, see Chapter 4.2, "Status information", on page 20
4 = Host interface connector, see Chapter 4.3, "Host interface", on page 20
5 = Trigger I/O connector, see Chapter 4.4, "Trigger I/O connector", on page 20
4.1 RF connector
The RF connector is used for connecting the power sensor to a device under test
(DUT) or a signal generator. See Chapter 3.4, "Connecting to a DUT", on page 13.
The RF connector type is an N connector. Use it to connect to the following:
●
Included attenuator, which is in turn connected to a device under test (DUT) or a
signal generator.
●
DUT or signal generator, directly connected.
●
Two-port device ("S-parameter device"), which in turn is connected to a DUT or a
signal generator.
5
For maximum measurement accuracy, tighten the RF connector using a torque wrench
with a nominal torque as specified in the following table.
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R&S®NRP18S-xx
Power sensor tour
Trigger I/O connector
Table 4-1: R&S NRP18S‑xx RF connector characteristics
Power sensor Male connector Matching female con-
R&S NRP18S
4.2 Status information
The status LED gives information about the state of the power sensor. The following
states are defined:
Indication State
White Idle state. The power sensor performs no measurement and is ready for
Flashing white Firmware update is in progress
Slow flashing white Sanitizing in progress
Yellow Wait for trigger state
Green Measuring state
Turquoise blue Zeroing is in progress
nector
N N
use.
Tightening torque
1.36 Nm (12'' lbs)
Slow flashing red Static error
You can query the error type with SYSTem:SERRor?.
Fast flashing red Critical static error
You can query the error type with SYSTem:SERRor?.
Note: If this state occurs after a firmware update, the update was not
successful. Perform the firmware update again.
See also Chapter 11.3, "Problems during a firmware update",
on page 136.
4.3 Host interface
The host interface is used for establishing a connection between the power sensor and
a USB host. For this purpose, an external cable is needed. See Chapter 3.6, "Connect-
ing a cable to the host interface", on page 15.
4.4 Trigger I/O connector
The trigger I/O is a connector of SMB type.
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Power sensor tour
Trigger I/O connector
It is used as an input for signals if the trigger source parameter is set to EXTernal2. It
is used as an output for trigger signals if the power sensor is operated in the trigger
sender mode.
Further information:
●
Chapter 8.5.2, "Triggering", on page 46
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5 Operating concepts
5.1 R&S NRP Toolkit
Operating concepts
NRP Toolkit
R&S
For operating the power sensor, you can choose from various possibilities:
●
Chapter 5.2, "Remote control", on page 24
●
Chapter 5.3, "R&S NRPV", on page 25
●
Chapter 5.4, "R&S Power Viewer", on page 26
●
Chapter 5.5, "R&S Power Viewer Mobile", on page 28
●
Chapter 5.6, "R&S NRX", on page 28
Before you start using the power sensor, we recommend to install the R&S NRP Toolkit.
The R&S NRP Toolkit is the basic software package that supplies low-level drivers and
tools for all power sensors. The components of the R&S NRP Toolkit depend on the
operating system.
5.1.1 Versions and downloads
The R&S NRP Toolkit is available for:
●
Microsoft Windows operating systems, as listed in Chapter 5.1.2, "System require-
ments", on page 22
●
Linux distributions
●
macOS
Several R&S NRP Toolkit versions are available on your documentation CD-ROM. The
latest version for Windows is available at www.rohde-schwarz.com/software/nrp-toolkit.
To obtain an R&S NRP Toolkit for an operating system other than Microsoft Windows,
contact the Rohde & Schwarz customer support: customersupport@rohde-
schwarz.com
5.1.2 System requirements
Hardware requirements:
●
Desktop computer or laptop, or an Intel-based Apple Mac
Supported Microsoft Windows versions:
●
Microsoft Windows Vista 32/64-bit
●
Microsoft Windows 7 32/64-bit
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5.1.3 R&S NRP Toolkit for Windows
Operating concepts
NRP Toolkit
R&S
●
Microsoft Windows 8/ 8.1 32/64-bit
●
Microsoft Windows 10 32/64-bit
The R&S NRP Toolkit installer for Windows-based systems contains the components
described in the release notes available at www.rohde-schwarz.com/software/nrp-tool-
kit.
To install the R&S NRP Toolkit
1. Start the R&S NRP Toolkit installer on the Windows-based computer.
In the "NRP-Toolkit Setup" dialog, the correct R&S NRP Toolkit version for your
operating system, 32-bit or 64-bit, is already selected.
2. Enable the components you want to install.
● "NRP-Toolkit (SDK)"
The software development kit (SDK) provides programming examples for the
R&S power sensors.
See Chapter 9, "Performing measurement tasks - programming examples",
on page 111.
● "IVI Shared Components"
Installs the USBTMC driver. Enabled by default because the installation is recommended.
See also Table 10-1.
3. Accept the license terms to continue with the installation.
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5.1.3.1 Components of the R&S NRP Toolkit
Operating concepts
Remote control
4. Click "Next" and complete the installation process.
Access: "Start" > "NRP-Toolkit"
The following tools are part of the R&S NRP Toolkit for Windows.
Configure Network Sensor
Useful if you have troubles establishing a LAN connection with an R&S NRP LAN
power sensor. The tool provides the following functions:
●
Configuring the network settings by (temporary) connecting the selected power
sensor to the computer using USB.
●
Discovering the power sensors that have been configured via the Zeroconf (APIA)
protocol.
The tool comes with a guide (PDF) that is also available in the "Start" menu. The guide
explains the network setup.
Firmware Update
You can use the Firmware Update for NRP Family program to load new firmware for
the power sensors.
See Chapter 6, "Firmware update", on page 30.
NRP Version Display
Displays version information of all installed, power measurement-relevant software
packages.
R&S NRP‑Z Uncertainty Calculator
Determines the expanded measurement uncertainty. The tool comes with a manual
(PDF) that is also available in the "Start" menu.
S-Parameter Update Multi
Helps loading an S-parameter table into the power sensor.
See Chapter 8.7.4.6, "Using the S-Parameters program", on page 82.
Terminal
Low-level communication program for sending commands to the power sensor.
5.2 Remote control
You can remote control the R&S NRP18S-xx easily.
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5.3 R&S NRPV
Operating concepts
NRPV
R&S
Further information:
●
Chapter 8, "Remote control commands", on page 35
●
Chapter 10, "Remote control basics", on page 119
●
Chapter 10.1, "Remote control interfaces and protocols", on page 119
●
Chapter 3.7.1, "Computer", on page 15
The R&S NRPV enables you to measure power in all available measurement modes.
Also, you can use up to four power sensors simultaneously.
The R&S NRPV is provided on your documentation CD-ROM and on the
Rohde & Schwarz website as a separate standalone installation package.
Required equipment
●
R&S NRP18S-xx power sensor
●
R&S NRP‑ZKU cable or an R&S NRP‑Z5 sensor hub and an R&S NRP‑ZK6 cable
to connect the power sensor to the computer
●
Windows computer with installed:
– R&S NRP Toolkit version 4.20 or higher
– R&S NRPV version 3.2 or higher (refer to the operating manual of the
R&S NRPV for a description of the installation process)
Setup
7
1
Figure 5-1: Setup with an R&S
1 = Signal source
2 = Attenuator
3 = R&S NRP18S-xx power sensor
4 = Host interface connector
5 = R&S NRP‑ZKU cable
6 = USB connector
7 = Computer with installed R&S NRPV
NOTICE! Incorrectly connecting or disconnecting the power sensor can damage
1.
2
NRPV
3
4
5
6
the power sensor or lead to erroneous results. Ensure that you connect or disconnect the power sensor as described in Chapter 3.4, "Connecting to a DUT",
on page 13.
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R&S®NRP18S-xx
Operating concepts
Power Viewer
R&S
Connect the power sensor to the signal source.
2. Connect the power sensor to the computer as shown in Figure 5-1.
For a detailed description, refer to Chapter 3.7.1.1, "Simple USB connection",
on page 16.
Starting a measurement
For a detailed description of how to measure in this setup, refer to the operating manual of the R&S NRPV.
1. Start the R&S NRPV.
2. If you use the power sensor without the attenuator supplied in the delivery or with
another 2-port device, adjust the S-parameter correction. See Chapter 8.7.4.3, "S-
parameter correction", on page 77.
3. Execute zeroing.
Note: Turn off all measurement signals before zeroing. An active measurement
signal during zeroing causes an error.
4. Switch on the test signal of the signal source.
5. Start a measurement.
5.4 R&S Power Viewer
The R&S Power Viewer is software that simplifies many measurement tasks. It is provided on your documentation CD-ROM and on the Rohde & Schwarz website as a separate standalone installation package.
Required equipment
●
R&S NRP18S-xx power sensor
●
R&S NRP‑ZKU cable or an R&S NRP‑Z5 sensor hub and an R&S NRP‑ZK6 cable
to connect the power sensor to the computer
●
Computer with installed:
– R&S NRP Toolkit version 4.20 or higher
– R&S Power Viewer version 9.2 or higher (refer to the operating manual of the
R&S Power Viewer for a description of the installation process)
If you want to use an android device like a tablet or a smartphone, use the R&S Power
Viewer Mobile. For details, see Chapter 5.5, "R&S Power Viewer Mobile", on page 28.
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Setup
Operating concepts
Power Viewer
R&S
7
1
Figure 5-2: Setup with the R&S Power Viewer
1 = Signal source
2 = Attenuator
3 = R&S NRP18S-xx power sensor
4 = Host interface connector
5 = R&S NRP‑ZKU cable
6 = USB connector
7 = Computer with installed R&S Power Viewer
NOTICE! Incorrectly connecting or disconnecting the power sensor can damage
1.
2
3
4
5
6
the power sensor or lead to erroneous results. Ensure that you connect or disconnect the power sensor as described in Chapter 3.4, "Connecting to a DUT",
on page 13.
Connect the power sensor to the signal source.
2. Connect the cables as shown in Figure 5-2.
For a detailed description, refer to Chapter 3.7.1.1, "Simple USB connection",
on page 16.
Starting a measurement
For a detailed description, refer to the operating manual of the R&S Power Viewer. The
manual is installed automatically during the installation of the R&S Power Viewer.
1. Start the R&S Power Viewer.
2. If you use the power sensor without the attenuator supplied in the delivery or with
another 2-port device, adjust the S-parameter correction. See Chapter 8.7.4.3, "S-
parameter correction", on page 77.
3. Execute zeroing.
Note: Turn off all measurement power signals before zeroing. An active measurement signal during zeroing causes an error.
4. Switch on the test signal of the signal source.
5. Select a measurement.
6. Start the measurement.
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5.5 R&S Power Viewer Mobile
Operating concepts
R&S NRX
The R&S Power Viewer Mobile extends the functionality of the R&S Power Viewer to
Android-based devices, such as a smartphone and tablets.
For connecting the power sensor to USB-C type mobile phones (Android), use an
R&S NRP-ZKC cable. It enables the R&S Power Viewer Mobile to take power measurements via the USB-C connection.
You can download the R&S Power Viewer Mobile free of charge from the Google Play
Store.
The 1MA215 "Using R&S®NRP Series Power Sensors with AndroidTM Handheld Devices" application note gives a detailed description on installation and features of the
R&S Power Viewer Mobile. The application note is provided on the documentation CDROM and at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/nrpz
5.6 R&S NRX
In a measurement, the R&S NRX uses all power sensor-dependent measurement
functions and displays the results. Thus, you can configure both the measurement and
the power sensor.
Required equipment
●
R&S NRP18S-xx power sensor
●
R&S NRP‑ZK8 cable to connect the power sensor to the R&S NRX
●
R&S NRX
Setup
1
Figure 5-3: Setup with an R&S
2
3
NRX base unit
4
5
7
6
1 = Signal source
2 = Attenuator
3 = R&S NRP18S-xx power sensor
4 = Host interface connector
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R&S®NRP18S-xx
Operating concepts
R&S NRX
5 = R&S NRP‑ZK8 cable
6 = Sensor input connector of the R&S NRX
7 = R&S NRX base unit
NOTICE! Incorrectly connecting or disconnecting the power sensor can damage
1.
the power sensor or lead to erroneous results. Ensure that you connect or disconnect the power sensor as described in Chapter 3.4, "Connecting to a DUT",
on page 13.
Connect the power sensor to the signal source.
2. Connect the cables as shown in Figure 5-3
Starting a measurement
For a detailed description of how to measure in this setup, refer to the user manual of
the R&S NRX.
1. Preset the R&S NRX and the connected R&S power sensors.
a) Press the [Preset] key.
b) Tap "Preset".
All parameters are set to their defaults.
2. If you use the power sensor without the attenuator supplied in the delivery or with
another 2-port device, adjust the S-parameter correction. See Chapter 8.7.4.3, "S-
parameter correction", on page 77.
3. Note: Turn off all measurement signals before zeroing. An active measurement
signal during zeroing causes an error.
a) Switch off the power of the signal source.
b) Press the [Zero] key of the R&S NRX.
c) Tap "Zero All Sensors".
4. Configure the measurement.
a) In the "Measurement Settings" dialog, select the "Measurement Type", for
example "Continuous Average".
b) Tap "Quick Setup" > "Auto Set".
5. Switch on the signal source.
The measurement starts, and the result is displayed in dBm.
6. If necessary, perform further settings.
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6 Firmware update
6.1 Preparing the update
Firmware update
Updating the firmware
● Preparing the update...............................................................................................30
● Updating the firmware.............................................................................................30
Firmware of R&S power sensors generally has an *.rsu extension, RSU meaning
Rohde & Schwarz update.
To download the update file
1. Download the most recent firmware version from the Rohde & Schwarz homepage
on the Internet, since the CD-ROM accompanying the power sensor contains the
firmware dating from the time of delivery. The latest firmware update files are available at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/nrp_s_sn
2. If the *.rsu file is packed in a *.zip archive, extract it.
3. Save the *.rsu file on the computer.
6.2 Updating the firmware
Do not interrupt the firmware update because an interruption can lead to missing or
faulty firmware. Take special care not to disconnect the power supply while the update
is in progress. Interrupting the power supply during the firmware update most likely
leads to an unusable power sensor that needs to be sent in for maintenance.
You can choose from several methods to update the firmware installed on the power
sensor.
6.2.1 Using the Firmware Update for NRP Family program
Firmware Update for NRP Family is part of the R&S NRP Toolkit. See also Chap-
ter 5.1, "R&S NRP Toolkit", on page 22.
You can perform a firmware update with Firmware Update for NRP Family only if the
power sensor is recognized as a VISA device.
Checking the prerequisites
1. Ensure that a recent VISA software is installed on the computer.
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