R&S®FSW-K6/6S
Pulse Measurement Option
User Manual
(;×ëê2)
1173939202
Version 39
This manual applies to the following R&S®FSW models with firmware version 5.10 and later:
●
R&S®FSW8 (1331.5003K08 / 1312.8000K08)
●
R&S®FSW13 (1331.5003K13 / 1312.8000K13)
●
R&S®FSW26 (1331.5003K26 / 1312.8000K26)
●
R&S®FSW43 (1331.5003K43 / 1312.8000K43)
●
R&S®FSW50 (1331.5003K50 / 1312.8000K50)
●
R&S®FSW67 (1331.5003K67 / 1312.8000K67)
●
R&S®FSW85 (1331.5003K85 / 1312.8000K85)
This manual applies to the following R&S®FSW models with firmware version 3.20 and higher:
●
R&S®FSW8 (1312.8000K08)
●
R&S®FSW13 (1312.8000K13)
●
R&S®FSW26 (1312.8000K26)
●
R&S®FSW43 (1312.8000K43)
●
R&S®FSW50 (1312.8000K50)
●
R&S®FSW67 (1312.8000K67)
●
R&S®FSW85 (1312.8000K85)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S FSW-K6 (1313.1322K02)
●
R&S FSW-K6S (1325.3783K02)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1173.9392.02 | Version 39 | R&S®FSW-K6/6S
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g. R&S®FSW is indicated as
R&S FSW.
R&S®FSW-K6/6S
1 Preface.................................................................................................. 11
1.1 Documentation overview............................................................................................11
1.1.1 Getting started manual.................................................................................................. 11
1.1.2 User manuals and help..................................................................................................11
1.1.3 Service manual............................................................................................................. 12
1.1.4 Instrument security procedures.....................................................................................12
1.1.5 Printed safety instructions............................................................................................. 12
1.1.6 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................... 12
1.1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)............................................ 12
1.1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.................................................12
1.2 About this manual.......................................................................................................13
Contents
Contents
1.3 Conventions used in the documentation..................................................................13
1.3.1 Typographical conventions............................................................................................13
1.3.2 Conventions for procedure descriptions........................................................................14
1.3.3 Notes on screenshots................................................................................................... 14
2 Welcome to the pulse measurements application............................15
2.1 Starting the pulse application....................................................................................15
2.2 Understanding the display information.................................................................... 16
3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 19
3.1 Pulse parameters........................................................................................................ 19
3.1.1 Timing parameters........................................................................................................ 20
3.1.2 Power/amplitude parameters........................................................................................ 23
3.1.3 Frequency parameters.................................................................................................. 27
3.1.4 Phase parameters.........................................................................................................28
3.1.5 Envelope model (cardinal data points) parameters.......................................................29
3.1.6 Time sidelobe parameters.............................................................................................33
3.2 Evaluation methods for pulse measurements......................................................... 37
4 Measurement basics............................................................................53
4.1 Parameter definitions................................................................................................. 53
4.1.1 Amplitude droop............................................................................................................ 54
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4.1.2 Ripple............................................................................................................................ 54
4.1.3 Overshoot......................................................................................................................56
4.2 Pulse detection............................................................................................................57
4.3 Parameter spectrum calculation................................................................................59
4.4 Segmented data capturing......................................................................................... 62
4.5 Time sidelobe analysis............................................................................................... 65
4.5.1 Keep-out time................................................................................................................67
4.5.2 Pulse compression calculation......................................................................................68
4.5.3 Reference waveform..................................................................................................... 70
4.6 Basics on input from I/Q data files............................................................................ 71
4.7 Trace evaluation..........................................................................................................72
4.7.1 Trace statistics.............................................................................................................. 73
4.7.2 Normalizing traces........................................................................................................ 74
Contents
4.8 Pulse measurements in MSRA/MSRT mode.............................................................78
5 Configuration........................................................................................80
5.1 Configuration overview.............................................................................................. 80
5.2 Signal description....................................................................................................... 82
5.3 Reference signal description..................................................................................... 85
5.3.1 User-defined reference file............................................................................................86
5.3.2 Polynomial FM reference waveform..............................................................................88
5.3.3 (Embedded) barker reference waveform...................................................................... 90
5.4 Input and output settings........................................................................................... 92
5.4.1 Input source settings..................................................................................................... 92
5.4.1.1 Radio frequency input................................................................................................... 93
5.4.1.2 Settings for input from I/Q data files..............................................................................96
5.4.2 Output settings.............................................................................................................. 98
5.4.3 Digital I/Q output settings.............................................................................................. 99
5.4.4 Digital I/Q 40G output settings.................................................................................... 100
5.5 Frontend settings......................................................................................................102
5.5.1 Frequency settings......................................................................................................102
5.5.2 Amplitude settings.......................................................................................................104
5.6 Trigger settings......................................................................................................... 108
5.7 Data acquisition.........................................................................................................117
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5.8 Sweep settings.......................................................................................................... 120
5.9 Pulse detection..........................................................................................................123
5.10 Pulse measurement settings................................................................................... 125
5.10.1 Measurement levels.................................................................................................... 125
5.10.2 Measurement point..................................................................................................... 128
5.10.3 Measurement range.................................................................................................... 131
5.10.4 Time sidelobe range....................................................................................................132
5.11 Automatic settings....................................................................................................134
6 Analysis.............................................................................................. 136
6.1 Result configuration................................................................................................. 136
6.1.1 Pulse selection............................................................................................................ 136
6.1.2 Result range................................................................................................................137
Contents
6.1.3 Result range spectrum configuration.......................................................................... 139
6.1.4 Result range frequency configuration......................................................................... 140
6.1.5 Parameter configuration for result displays.................................................................140
6.1.5.1 Parameter distribution configuration........................................................................... 140
6.1.5.2 Parameter spectrum configuration.............................................................................. 142
6.1.5.3 Parameter trend configuration.....................................................................................144
6.1.6 Table configuration......................................................................................................147
6.1.6.1 Limit settings for table displays................................................................................... 148
6.1.7 Y-Scaling..................................................................................................................... 149
6.1.8 Units............................................................................................................................ 151
6.2 Display configuration............................................................................................... 152
6.3 Markers...................................................................................................................... 153
6.3.1 Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 153
6.3.2 General marker settings..............................................................................................156
6.3.3 Marker search settings................................................................................................158
6.3.4 Marker positioning functions....................................................................................... 159
6.4 Trace configuration...................................................................................................160
6.5 Trace / data export configuration............................................................................ 165
6.6 Export functions........................................................................................................166
6.7 Analysis in MSRA/MSRT mode................................................................................170
7 Export functions.................................................................................172
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8 How to perform measurements in the pulse application............... 176
8.1 How to perform a standard pulse measurement....................................................176
8.2 How to configure a limit check for a pulse measurement.....................................177
8.3 How to perform time sidelobe analysis.................................................................. 178
8.3.1 Creating a reference pulse waveform......................................................................... 178
8.3.2 Performing time sidelobe analysis.............................................................................. 181
8.4 How to export table data.......................................................................................... 183
9 Remote commands for pulse measurements................................. 185
9.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 186
9.1.1 Conventions used in descriptions............................................................................... 186
9.1.2 Long and short form.................................................................................................... 187
9.1.3 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................187
Contents
9.1.4 Optional keywords.......................................................................................................188
9.1.5 Alternative keywords................................................................................................... 188
9.1.6 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................188
9.1.6.1 Numeric values........................................................................................................... 189
9.1.6.2 Boolean....................................................................................................................... 189
9.1.6.3 Character data............................................................................................................ 190
9.1.6.4 Character strings.........................................................................................................190
9.1.6.5 Block data................................................................................................................... 190
9.2 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 191
9.3 Activating pulse measurements.............................................................................. 191
9.4 Signal description..................................................................................................... 195
9.5 Reference signal description................................................................................... 198
9.6 Input/output settings.................................................................................................202
9.6.1 RF input.......................................................................................................................202
9.6.2 Using external mixers..................................................................................................207
9.6.2.1 Basic settings.............................................................................................................. 207
9.6.2.2 Mixer settings.............................................................................................................. 209
9.6.2.3 Conversion loss table settings.................................................................................... 215
9.6.2.4 Programming example: working with an external mixer..............................................219
9.6.3 Configuring input via the optional Analog Baseband interface....................................221
9.6.4 Configuring digital I/Q input and output.......................................................................223
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9.6.5 Input from I/Q data files...............................................................................................227
9.6.6 Configuring the 2 GHz / 5 GHz bandwidth extension (R&S FSW-B2000/B5000).......230
9.6.7 Configuring the outputs............................................................................................... 235
9.6.8 Digital I/Q 40G streaming output commands.............................................................. 236
9.7 Frontend configuration.............................................................................................237
9.7.1 Frequency................................................................................................................... 237
9.7.2 Amplitude settings.......................................................................................................239
9.7.3 Configuring the attenuation......................................................................................... 242
9.8 Triggering measurements........................................................................................ 245
9.8.1 Configuring the triggering conditions...........................................................................245
9.8.2 Configuring the trigger output......................................................................................250
9.9 Segmented data capturing....................................................................................... 253
9.10 Data acquisition........................................................................................................ 254
Contents
9.11 Pulse detection..........................................................................................................257
9.12 Configuring the pulse measurement.......................................................................260
9.12.1 Measurement levels.................................................................................................... 261
9.12.2 Measurement point..................................................................................................... 263
9.12.3 Measurement range.................................................................................................... 266
9.12.4 Time sidelobe range....................................................................................................267
9.13 Configuring and performing sweeps...................................................................... 269
9.14 Configuring the results.............................................................................................275
9.14.1 Selecting the pulse......................................................................................................275
9.14.2 Defining the result range............................................................................................. 276
9.14.3 Configuring a parameter distribution........................................................................... 278
9.14.4 Configuring a parameter spectrum..............................................................................285
9.14.5 Configuring a pulse-pulse spectrum............................................................................292
9.14.6 Configuring a parameter trend.................................................................................... 295
9.14.7 Configuring a result range spectrum........................................................................... 317
9.14.8 Configuring the statistics and parameter tables.......................................................... 318
9.14.9 Configuring limit checks.............................................................................................. 340
9.14.10 Configuring the Y-Axis scaling and units..................................................................... 345
9.15 Configuring the result display................................................................................. 349
9.15.1 General window commands........................................................................................349
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9.15.2 Working with windows in the display...........................................................................350
9.16 Configuring standard traces.................................................................................... 357
9.17 Working with markers...............................................................................................362
9.17.1 Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 363
9.17.2 General marker settings..............................................................................................368
9.17.3 Positioning the marker................................................................................................ 370
9.17.3.1 Positioning normal markers.........................................................................................370
9.17.3.2 Positioning delta markers............................................................................................372
9.18 Configuring an analysis interval and line (MSRA mode only).............................. 375
9.19 Configuring an analysis interval and line (MSRT mode only).............................. 377
9.20 Retrieving results......................................................................................................379
9.20.1 Retrieving and storing trace data................................................................................ 379
9.20.2 Retrieving information on data segments....................................................................383
Contents
9.20.3 Retrieving information on detected pulses.................................................................. 386
9.20.4 Retrieving parameter results....................................................................................... 391
9.20.4.1 Retrieving power / amplitude parameters................................................................... 392
9.20.4.2 Retrieving timing parameters...................................................................................... 409
9.20.4.3 Retrieving frequency parameters................................................................................ 418
9.20.4.4 Retrieving phase parameters...................................................................................... 423
9.20.4.5 Retrieving envelope model parameters...................................................................... 428
9.20.4.6 Retrieving time sidelobe parameters...........................................................................442
9.20.5 Retrieving limit results................................................................................................. 450
9.20.6 Exporting trace results to an ASCII file....................................................................... 453
9.20.7 Exporting table results to an ASCII file........................................................................455
9.20.8 Exporting I/Q results to an iq-tar file............................................................................456
9.21 Retrieving marker results.........................................................................................458
9.22 Deprecated commands.............................................................................................459
9.23 Programming example: pulse measurement......................................................... 461
10 Troubleshooting: explanation of error messages...........................467
Annex.................................................................................................. 468
A Reference: ASCII file export format..................................................469
B Effects of large gauss filters.............................................................471
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C I/Q data file format (iq-tar)................................................................. 473
C.1 I/Q parameter XML file specification....................................................................... 474
C.1.1 Minimum data elements.............................................................................................. 474
C.1.2 Example...................................................................................................................... 476
C.2 I/Q data binary file..................................................................................................... 478
Contents
List of Commands (Pulse).................................................................481
Index....................................................................................................503
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Contents
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R&S®FSW-K6/6S
1 Preface
1.1 Documentation overview
1.1.1 Getting started manual
Preface
Documentation overview
This chapter provides safety-related information, an overview of the user documentation and the conventions used in the documentation.
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSW user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSW product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSW
Introduces the R&S FSW and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
1.1.2 User manuals and help
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Firmware application manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSW is not
included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSW. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
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1.1.3 Service manual
1.1.4 Instrument security procedures
1.1.5 Printed safety instructions
Preface
Documentation overview
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSW in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
1.1.6 Data sheets and brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSW. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSW
1.1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSW
1.1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSW
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1.2 About this manual
Preface
Conventions used in the documentation
This Pulse Measurements User Manual provides all the information specific to the
application. All general instrument functions and settings common to all applications
and operating modes are described in the main R&S FSW User Manual.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the Pulse Measurements Application
Introduction to and getting familiar with the application
●
Measurements and Result Displays
Details on supported measurements and their result types
●
Measurement Basics
Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the measurement
●
Configuration + Analysis
A concise description of all functions and settings available to configure measurements and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command
●
How to Perform Measurements in the Pulse Application
The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step-by-step instructions
for more complex tasks or alternative methods
●
Remote Commands for Pulse Measurements
Remote commands required to configure and perform Pulse measurements in a
remote environment, sorted by tasks
(Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks on the
instrument are provided in the main R&S FSW User Manual)
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes
●
List of remote commands
Alphabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
1.3 Conventions used in the documentation
1.3.1 Typographical conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
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Preface
Conventions used in the documentation
Convention Description
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
1.3.2 Conventions for procedure descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to perform the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is described.
Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an additionally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or
the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating procedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a keyboard.
1.3.3 Notes on screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
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R&S®FSW-K6/6S
2 Welcome to the pulse measurements appli-
Welcome to the pulse measurements application
Starting the pulse application
cation
The R&S FSW Pulse application is a firmware application that adds functionality to perform measurements on pulsed signals to the R&S FSW.
The R&S FSW Pulse application provides measurement and analysis functions for
pulse signals frequently used in radar applications, for example.
The R&S FSW Pulse application (R&S FSW-K6) features:
●
Automated measurement of many pulse parameters including timing, amplitude,
frequency and phase parameters
●
Statistical analysis of pulse parameters
●
Analysis of "parameter trends" over time and frequency
●
Visualization of the dependency between parameters
●
Display of amplitude, frequency, phase and power spectrum measurement traces
for individual pulses
The additional option R&S FSW-K6S, which requires the R&S FSW-K6 option,
includes Time Sidelobe measurements with the following features:
●
Automated measurement of time sidelobe parameters
●
Measurement of correlation and frequency/phase error values with respect to an
arbitrary reference I/Q waveform
●
Display of correlated magnitude over the entire acquisition interval
●
Display of correlated magnitude, frequency error and phase error measurement
traces for individual pulses
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum application and are described in the R&S FSW User Manual. The latest version is available
for download at the product homepage:
http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSW.html.
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the R&S FSW Getting Started manual
or in the Release Notes.
2.1 Starting the pulse application
Pulse measurements require a separate application on the R&S FSW.
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R&S®FSW-K6/6S
Welcome to the pulse measurements application
Understanding the display information
Both the basic R&S FSW-K6 option and the additional R&S FSW-K6S option are integrated in the same Pulse application. However, some functions and result displays are
only available if both options are installed. This is indicated in the documentation.
To activate the R&S FSW Pulse application
1. Press the [MODE] key on the front panel of the R&S FSW.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FSW.
2. Select the "Pulse" item.
The R&S FSW opens a new measurement channel for the R&S FSW Pulse application.
The measurement is started immediately with the default settings. It can be configured
in the Pulse "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the "Overview"
softkey from any menu (see Chapter 5.1, "Configuration overview", on page 80).
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application.
The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the available memory on the instrument.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
are updated in the tabs (including the "MultiView") as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FSW User Manual.
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
2.2 Understanding the display information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following
sections.
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Welcome to the pulse measurements application
Understanding the display information
1
2 3
4
5
6
1 = Channel bar for firmware and measurement settings
2+3 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
4 = Diagram area
5 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on measurement
6 = Instrument status bar with error messages, progress bar and date/time display
MSRA/MSRT operating mode
In MSRA/MSRT operating mode, additional tabs and elements are available. A colored
background of the screen behind the measurement channel tabs indicates that you are
in MSRA/MSRT operating mode.
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FSW MSRA User Manual.
For details on the MSRT operating mode, see the R&S FSW Real-Time Spectrum
Application and MSRT Operating Mode User Manual.
Channel bar information
In the R&S FSW Pulse application, the R&S FSW shows the following settings:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the R&S FSW Pulse application
Ref Level Reference level
Att *) RF attenuation
Freq *) Center frequency for the RF signal
Meas Time Measurement time (data acquisition time)
*) If the input source is an I/Q data file, most measurement settings related to data acquisition are not
known and thus not displayed.
(See Chapter 4.6, "Basics on input from I/Q data files", on page 71)
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Welcome to the pulse measurements application
Understanding the display information
Meas BW *) Measurement bandwidth
SRate Sample rate
SGL The sweep is set to single sweep mode.
*) If the input source is an I/Q data file, most measurement settings related to data acquisition are not
known and thus not displayed.
(See Chapter 4.6, "Basics on input from I/Q data files", on page 71)
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect
the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display
of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For details see the
R&S FSW Getting Started manual.
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
Figure 2-1: Window title bar information in the R&S FSW Pulse application
1 = Window number
2 = Window type
3 = Trace color
4 = Trace number
6 = Trace mode
Diagram footer information
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the start and stop values for the
displayed time range.
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
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3 Measurements and result displays
Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
During a pulse measurement, I/Q data from the input signal is captured for a specified
time or for a specified record length. Pulses are detected from the signal according to
specified thresholds and user-defined criteria. The measured signal is then compared
with the ideal signal described by the user and any deviations are recorded. The
defined range of measured data is then evaluated to determine characteristic pulse
parameters. These parameters can either be displayed as traces, in a table, or be evaluated statistically over a series of measurements.
Measurement range vs. result range vs. detection range
The measurement range defines which part of an individual pulse is measured (for
example for frequency deviation), whereas the result range determines which data is
displayed on the screen in the form of amplitude, frequency or phase vs. time traces.
The detection range (if enabled) determines which part of the capture buffer is analyzed. The pulse numbers in the result displays are always relative to the current
detection range, that is: pulse number 1 is the first pulse within the detection range in
the capture buffer. If disabled (default), the entire capture buffer is used as the detection range. See also "Detection range" on page 58.
Time sidelobe range
If the additional option R&S FSW-K6S is installed, the sidelobes are analyzed in addition to the pulses themselves. The time sidelobe range defines which part of the signal (in relation to the pulse) is analyzed.
As a result of sidelobe vs. time measurements, additional result displays are available.
Furthermore, characteristic sidelobe parameters are added to the pulse result tables.
Result displays that require the additional option R&S FSW-K6S are indicated by an
asterisk (*) in the following descriptions.
Exporting Table Results to an ASCII File
Measurement result tables can be exported to an ASCII file for further evaluation in
other (external) applications.
For step-by-step instructions on how to export a table, see Chapter 8.4, "How to export
table data", on page 183.
● Pulse parameters....................................................................................................19
● Evaluation methods for pulse measurements.........................................................37
3.1 Pulse parameters
The pulse parameters to be measured are based primarily on the IEEE 181 Standard
181-2003. For detailed descriptions refer to the standard documentation ("IEEE Standard on Transitions, Pulses, and Related Waveforms", from the IEEE Instrumentation
and Measurement (I&M) Society, 7 July 2003).
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
The following graphic illustrates the main pulse parameters and characteristic values.
(For a definition of the values used to determine the measured pulse parameters see
Chapter 4.1, "Parameter definitions", on page 53.)
Figure 3-1: Definition of the main pulse parameters and characteristic values
In order to obtain these results, select the corresponding parameter in the result configuration (see Chapter 6.1, "Result configuration", on page 136) or apply the required
SCPI parameter to the remote command (see Chapter 9.14, "Configuring the results",
on page 275 and Chapter 9.20, "Retrieving results", on page 379).
● Timing parameters.................................................................................................. 20
● Power/amplitude parameters.................................................................................. 23
● Frequency parameters............................................................................................27
● Phase parameters...................................................................................................28
● Envelope model (cardinal data points) parameters.................................................29
● Time sidelobe parameters.......................................................................................33
3.1.1 Timing parameters
The following timing parameters can be determined by the R&S FSW Pulse application.
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Timestamp.....................................................................................................................21
Settling Time................................................................................................................. 21
Rise Time......................................................................................................................21
Fall Time........................................................................................................................22
Pulse Width (ON Time)................................................................................................. 22
Off Time.........................................................................................................................22
Duty Ratio..................................................................................................................... 22
Duty Cycle (%).............................................................................................................. 22
Pulse Repetition Interval............................................................................................... 23
Pulse Repetition Frequency (Hz).................................................................................. 23
Timestamp
The time stamp uniquely identifies each pulse in the capture buffer. It is defined as the
time from the capture start point to the beginning of the pulse period of the current
pulse. (As opposed to the pulse number, which is always relative to the start of the
detection range, see also "Detection range" on page 58).
Depending on the user-specified definition of the pulse period, the period begins with
the mid-level crossing of the current pulse's rising edge (period: high-to-low) or the
mid-level crossing of the previous pulse's falling edge (period low-to-high). See also
"Pulse Period" on page 83.
Note: For external triggers, the trigger point within the sample (TPIS) is considered in
the timestamp (see TRACe:IQ:TPISample? on page 391).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:TSTamp? on page 417
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:TSTamp on page 337
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:TSTamp:LIMit? on page 452
Settling Time
The difference between the time at which the pulse exceeds the mid threshold on the
rising edge to the point where the pulse waveform remains within the pulse boundary
(ON Inner/ ON Outer)
See Figure 3-1
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:SETTling? on page 416
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:SETTling on page 336
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:SETTling:LIMit? on page 452
Rise Time
The time required for the pulse to transition from the base to the top level. This is the
difference between the time at which the pulse exceeds the lower and upper thresholds.
See Figure 3-1
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:RISE? on page 416
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:RISE on page 336
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:RISE:LIMit? on page 452
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Fall Time
The time required for the pulse to transition from the top to the base level. This is the
difference between the time at which the pulse drops below the upper and lower
thresholds.
See Figure 3-1
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:FALL? on page 412
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:FALL on page 335
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:FALL:LIMit? on page 452
Pulse Width (ON Time)
The time that the pulse remains at the top level ("ON"). This is the time between the
first positive edge and the subsequent negative edge of the pulse in seconds, where
the edges occur at crossings of the mid threshold.
See Figure 3-1
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PWIDth? on page 415
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:PWIDth on page 336
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PWIDth:LIMit? on page 452
Off Time
The time that the pulse remains at the base level ("OFF"). This is the time between the
first negative edge and the subsequent positive edge of the pulse in seconds, where
the edges occur at crossings of the mid threshold.
See Figure 3-1
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:OFF? on page 412
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:OFF on page 335
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:OFF:LIMit? on page 452
Duty Ratio
The ratio of the "Pulse Width" to "Pulse Repetition Interval" expressed as a value
between 0 and 1 (requires at least two measured pulses)
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:DRATio? on page 411
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:DRATio on page 335
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:DRATio:LIMit? on page 452
Duty Cycle (%)
The ratio of the "Pulse Width" to "Pulse Repetition Interval" expressed as a percentage
(requires at least two measured pulses)
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:DCYCle? on page 410
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:DCYCle on page 334
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:DCYCle:LIMit? on page 452
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Pulse Repetition Interval
The time between two consecutive edges of the same polarity in seconds (requires at
least two measured pulses). The user-specified definition of the pulse period
(see"Pulse Period" on page 83) determines whether this value is calculated from consecutive rising or falling edges.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PRI? on page 414
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:PRI on page 336
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PRI:LIMit? on page 452
Pulse Repetition Frequency (Hz)
The frequency of occurrence of pulses, i.e. inverse of the "Pulse Repetition Interval"
(requires at least two measured pulses)
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PRF? on page 413
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:TIMing:PRF on page 335
[SENSe:]PULSe:TIMing:PRF:LIMit? on page 452
3.1.2 Power/amplitude parameters
The following power/amplitude parameters can be determined by the R&S FSW Pulse
application.
Top Power..................................................................................................................... 23
Base Power...................................................................................................................24
Pulse Amplitude............................................................................................................ 24
In-Phase Amplitude/Quadrature Amplitude...................................................................24
Average ON Power....................................................................................................... 24
Average Tx Power.........................................................................................................24
Minimum Power............................................................................................................ 25
Peak Power...................................................................................................................25
Peak-to-Avg ON Power Ratio........................................................................................25
Peak-to-Average Tx Power Ratio..................................................................................25
Peak-to-Min Power Ratio.............................................................................................. 25
Droop............................................................................................................................ 25
Ripple............................................................................................................................26
Overshoot......................................................................................................................26
Power (at Point)............................................................................................................ 26
Pulse-to-Pulse Power Ratio.......................................................................................... 27
Top Power
The median pulse ON power. The value of this parameter is used as a reference
(100%) to determine other parameter values such as the rising / falling thresholds. Various algorithms are provided to determine the top power (see "Measurement Algo-
rithm" on page 127).
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:TOP? on page 408
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:TOP on page 334
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:TOP:LIMit? on page 452
Base Power
The median pulse OFF power. The value of this parameter is used as a reference (0%)
to determine other parameter values such as the rising / falling thresholds.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:BASE? on page 398
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:BASE on page 330
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:BASE:LIMit? on page 451
Pulse Amplitude
The difference between the "Top Power" and the "Base Power", calculated in linear
power units (W). This value determines the 100% power range (amplitude). This value
is converted to dBm for the "Pulse Results" table.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude? on page 395
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:AMPLitude on page 329
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude:LIMit? on page 451
In-Phase Amplitude/Quadrature Amplitude
The pulse in-phase or quadrature amplitude as a voltage, measured at the measurement point of the pulse (see Chapter 5.10.2, "Measurement point", on page 128). Values range from -10 mV to +10 mV.
Remote command:
Querying results:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude:I? on page 396
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude:Q? on page 397
Including results in result summary table:
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:AMPLitude:I on page 330
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:AMPLitude:Q on page 330
Querying limit check results:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude:I:LIMit? on page 451
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AMPLitude:Q:LIMit? on page 451
Average ON Power
The average power during the pulse ON time
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ON? on page 401
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:ON on page 331
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ON:LIMit? on page 451
Average Tx Power
The average transmission power over the entire pulse ON + OFF time
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AVG? on page 398
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:AVG on page 330
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:AVG:LIMit? on page 451
Minimum Power
The minimum power over the entire pulse ON + OFF time
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:MIN? on page 400
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:MIN on page 331
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:MIN:LIMit? on page 451
Peak Power
The maximum power over the entire pulse ON + OFF time
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:MAX? on page 399
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:MAX on page 331
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:MAX:LIMit? on page 451
Peak-to-Avg ON Power Ratio
The ratio of maximum to average power over the pulse ON time (also known as crest
factor)
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PON? on page 405
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:PON on page 333
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PON:LIMit? on page 451
Peak-to-Average Tx Power Ratio
The ratio of maximum to average power over the entire pulse ON + OFF interval.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PAVG? on page 403
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:PAVG on page 332
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PAVG:LIMit? on page 451
Peak-to-Min Power Ratio
The ratio of maximum to minimum power over the entire pulse ON + OFF time
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PMIN? on page 404
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:PMIN on page 332
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PMIN:LIMit? on page 451
Droop
The rate at which the pulse top level decays, calculated as the difference between the
power at the beginning of the pulse ON time and the power at the end of the pulse ON
time, divided by the pulse amplitude.
Droop values are only calculated if Pulse Has Droop is set to "On" (default ).
For more information see Chapter 4.1.1, "Amplitude droop", on page 54
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Note: The percentage ratio values are calculated in %V if the "Measurement Level" is
defined in V (see "Reference Level Unit" on page 127), otherwise in %W.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ADRoop:DB? on page 394
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ADRoop[:PERCent]? on page 395
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:ADRoop:DB on page 328
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:ADRoop[:PERCent] on page 329
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ADRoop:DB:LIMit? on page 451
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:ADRoop[:PERCent]:LIMit? on page 451
Ripple
The ripple is calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum deviation from the pulse top reference, within a user specified interval.
For more information see Chapter 4.1.2, "Ripple", on page 54
Note: The percentage ratio values are calculated in %V if the "Measurement Level" is
defined in V (see "Reference Level Unit" on page 127), otherwise in %W.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:RIPPle:DB? on page 407
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:RIPPle[:PERCent]? on page 408
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:RIPPle:DB on page 333
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:RIPPle[:PERCent] on page 334
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:RIPPle:DB:LIMit? on page 451
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:RIPPle[:PERCent]:LIMit? on page 451
Overshoot
The height of the local maximum after a rising edge, divided by the pulse amplitude.
For more information see Chapter 4.1.3, "Overshoot", on page 56.
Note: The percentage ratio values are calculated in %V if the "Measurement Level" is
defined in V (see "Reference Level Unit" on page 127), otherwise in %W.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:OVERshoot:DB? on page 401
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:OVERshoot[:PERCent]? on page 402
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:OVERshoot:DB on page 331
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:OVERshoot[:PERCent] on page 332
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:OVERshoot:DB:LIMit? on page 451
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:OVERshoot[:PERCent]:LIMit? on page 451
Power (at Point)
The power measured at the pulse "measurement point" specified by the Measurement
Point Reference and the "Offset" on page 130
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:POINt? on page 405
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:POINt on page 332
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:POINt:LIMit? on page 451
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3.1.3 Frequency parameters
Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Pulse-to-Pulse Power Ratio
The ratio of the "Power" values from the first measured pulse to the current pulse.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PPRatio? on page 406
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:POWer:PPRatio on page 333
[SENSe:]PULSe:POWer:PPRatio:LIMit? on page 451
The following frequency parameters can be determined by the R&S FSW Pulse application.
Frequency..................................................................................................................... 27
Pulse-Pulse Frequency Difference................................................................................27
Frequency Error (RMS).................................................................................................27
Frequency Error (Peak).................................................................................................27
Frequency Deviation..................................................................................................... 28
Chirp Rate.....................................................................................................................28
Frequency
Frequency of the pulse measured at the defined Measurement point
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:POINt? on page 421
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:POINt on page 326
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:POINt:LIMit? on page 451
Pulse-Pulse Frequency Difference
Difference in frequency between the first measured pulse and the currently measured
pulse
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:PPFRequency? on page 422
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:PPFRequency on page 326
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:PPFRequency:LIMit? on page 451
Frequency Error (RMS)
The RMS frequency error of the currently measured pulse. The error is calculated relative to the given pulse modulation. It is not calculated at all for modulation type "Arbitrary". The error is calculated over the Measurement range.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:RERRor? on page 422
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:RERRor on page 327
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:RERRor:LIMit? on page 451
Frequency Error (Peak)
The peak frequency error of the currently measured pulse. The error is calculated relative to the given pulse modulation. It is not calculated at all for modulation type "Arbitrary". The error is calculated over the Measurement range.
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:PERRor? on page 420
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:PERRor on page 326
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:PERRor:LIMit? on page 451
Frequency Deviation
The frequency deviation of the currently measured pulse. The deviation is calculated
as the absolute difference between the maximum and minimum frequency values
within the Measurement range.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:DEViation? on page 419
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:DEViation on page 326
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:DEViation:LIMit? on page 451
Chirp Rate
A known frequency chirp rate (per μs) to be used for generating an ideal pulse waveform.
Note: a chirp rate is only available for the Pulse Modulation type "Linear FM".
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:CRATe? on page 419
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:FREQuency:CRATe on page 325
[SENSe:]PULSe:FREQuency:CRATe:LIMit? on page 451
3.1.4 Phase parameters
The following phase parameters can be determined by the R&S FSW Pulse application.
Phase............................................................................................................................28
Pulse-Pulse Phase Difference.......................................................................................28
Phase Error (RMS)........................................................................................................29
Phase Error (Peak)....................................................................................................... 29
Phase Deviation............................................................................................................29
Phase
Phase of the pulse measured at the defined Measurement point
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:POINt? on page 425
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:PHASe:POINt on page 328
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:POINt:LIMit? on page 451
Pulse-Pulse Phase Difference
Difference in phase between the first measured pulse and the currently measured
pulse
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:PPPHase? on page 426
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:PHASe:PPPHase on page 328
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:PPPHase:LIMit? on page 451
Phase Error (RMS)
The RMS phase error of the currently measured pulse. The error is calculated relative
to the given pulse modulation. It is not calculated at all for the Pulse Modulation type
"Arbitrary". The error is calculated over the Measurement range.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:RERRor? on page 427
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:PHASe:RERRor on page 328
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:RERRor:LIMit? on page 451
Phase Error (Peak)
The peak phase error of the currently measured pulse. The error is calculated relative
to the given pulse modulation. It is not calculated at all for the Pulse Modulation type
"Arbitrary". The error is calculated over the Measurement range.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:PERRor? on page 425
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:PHASe:PERRor on page 327
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:PERRor:LIMit? on page 451
Phase Deviation
The phase deviation of the currently measured pulse. The deviation is calculated as
the absolute difference between the maximum and minimum phase values within the
Measurement range.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:DEViation? on page 424
CALCulate<n>:TABLe:PHASe:DEViation on page 327
[SENSe:]PULSe:PHASe:DEViation:LIMit? on page 451
3.1.5 Envelope model (cardinal data points) parameters
The pulse envelope model has the shape of a trapezoid of amplitude (V) versus time
(s) values. This model allows for a finite rise and fall time, as well as an amplitude
droop across the top of the pulse. During measurement of each pulse, the points of this
trapezoidal model are determined as the basis for further measurements. For example,
the rise and fall time amplitude thresholds or the "pulse top" duration are determined
from the parameters of the envelope model.
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Measurements and result displays
Pulse parameters
Figure 3-2: Envelope model parameters
Each of these parameters has a time and an amplitude value. The time values are relative to the pulse timestamp and displayed in seconds. The amplitude values are displayed as power in dBm units.
You configure the desired high, mid and low thresholds for the rise and fall slopes relative to the base (0%) and top (100%) levels. See Chapter 5.10.1, "Measurement lev-
els", on page 125.
The power value of the rise base point and the fall base point is assumed to be equal
and is defined by the "Base Power" parameter found in the "Amplitude Parameters"
group of the table configuration (see "Base Power" on page 24).
Rise Base Point Time....................................................................................................30
Rise Low Point Time..................................................................................................... 31
Rise Mid Point Time......................................................................................................31
Rise High Point Time.....................................................................................................31
Rise Top Point Time......................................................................................................31
Rise Low Point Level.....................................................................................................31
Rise Mid Point Level..................................................................................................... 31
Rise High Point Level....................................................................................................32
Rise Top Point Level..................................................................................................... 32
Fall Base Point Time.....................................................................................................32
Fall Low Point Time.......................................................................................................32
Fall Mid Point Time........................................................................................................32
Fall High Point Time......................................................................................................32
Fall Top Point Time........................................................................................................32
Fall Low Point Level......................................................................................................33
Fall Mid Point Level.......................................................................................................33
Fall High Point Level..................................................................................................... 33
Fall Top Point Level.......................................................................................................33
Rise Base Point Time
The time the amplitude starts rising above 0 %.
30User Manual 1173.9392.02 ─ 39
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