R&S®FSW-K14x
3GPP 5G NR Downlink Measurement
Application
User Manual
(;ÜÞT2)
1178803602
Version 13
This manual applies to the following R&S®FSW models with firmware version 5.10 and later:
●
R&S®FSW8 (1331.5003K08 / 1312.8000K08)
●
R&S®FSW13 (1331.5003K13 / 1312.8000K13)
●
R&S®FSW26 (1331.5003K26 / 1312.8000K26)
●
R&S®FSW43 (1331.5003K43 / 1312.8000K43)
●
R&S®FSW50 (1331.5003K50 / 1312.8000K50)
●
R&S®FSW67 (1331.5003K67 / 1312.8000K67)
●
R&S®FSW85 (1331.5003K85 / 1312.8000K85)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S®FSW-K144 (5G NR R15 Downlink Measurements) (1338.3606.02)
●
R&S®FSW-K147 (5G NR Combined EVM / ACLR / SEM Measurements) (1338.6486.02)
●
R&S®FSW-K148 (5G NR R16 Downlink / Uplink Measurements) (1338.6624.02)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1178.8036.02 | Version 13 | R&S®FSW-K14x
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®FSW is indicated as
R&S FSW.
R&S®FSW-K14x
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Documentation overview..............................................................................................9
1.1.1 Getting started manual....................................................................................................9
1.1.2 User manuals and help................................................................................................... 9
1.1.3 Service manual............................................................................................................. 10
1.1.4 Instrument security procedures.....................................................................................10
1.1.5 Printed safety instructions............................................................................................. 10
1.1.6 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................... 10
1.1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)............................................ 10
1.1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.................................................10
1.2 Conventions used in the documentation..................................................................11
Contents
Contents
1.2.1 Typographical conventions............................................................................................11
1.2.2 Conventions for procedure descriptions........................................................................11
1.2.3 Notes on screenshots....................................................................................................11
2 Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application............................ 12
2.1 Overview of the 5G NR applications......................................................................... 12
2.2 Installation................................................................................................................... 14
2.3 5G NR measurement application selection.............................................................. 14
2.4 Display information.....................................................................................................15
3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 18
3.1 Selecting measurements............................................................................................18
3.2 Selecting result displays............................................................................................ 20
3.3 Performing measurements.........................................................................................20
3.4 Selecting the operating mode....................................................................................21
3.5 Result summary.......................................................................................................... 22
3.6 I/Q measurements....................................................................................................... 28
3.7 Time alignment error...................................................................................................45
3.8 Transmit on / off power measurement...................................................................... 47
3.9 Frequency sweep measurements..............................................................................52
3.10 Combined measurements.......................................................................................... 61
3.11 Reference: custom limits........................................................................................... 63
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3.12 Reference: 3GPP test scenarios................................................................................65
4 Configuration........................................................................................67
4.1 I/Q measurement......................................................................................................... 67
4.1.1 Configuration overview..................................................................................................68
4.1.2 Automatic measurement configuration..........................................................................70
4.1.3 Physical signal description............................................................................................ 73
4.1.4 Test scenarios............................................................................................................... 76
4.1.5 Component carrier configuration...................................................................................77
4.1.6 Radio frame configuration............................................................................................. 82
4.1.7 Synchronization signal configuration.............................................................................86
4.1.8 Bandwidth part configuration.........................................................................................92
4.1.9 Slot configuration.......................................................................................................... 97
Contents
4.1.10 PDSCH and PDCCH configuration............................................................................. 109
4.1.11 Antenna port configuration.......................................................................................... 129
4.1.12 Advanced settings.......................................................................................................131
4.1.13 Generator control........................................................................................................ 137
4.1.14 Input source configuration...........................................................................................141
4.1.15 Frequency configuration..............................................................................................147
4.1.16 Amplitude configuration...............................................................................................147
4.1.17 Data capture................................................................................................................151
4.1.18 Trigger configuration................................................................................................... 154
4.1.19 Segmented capture.....................................................................................................156
4.1.20 Tracking.......................................................................................................................157
4.1.21 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 160
4.2 Time alignment error configuration.........................................................................163
4.3 Transmit on / off power configuration.....................................................................163
4.4 Frequency sweep measurement configuration......................................................164
4.5 Combined measurement configuration.................................................................. 168
4.5.1 Signal description........................................................................................................169
4.5.2 Signal capture............................................................................................................. 170
4.5.3 Trigger configuration................................................................................................... 171
4.6 Combined measurement guide................................................................................174
4.6.1 General configuration..................................................................................................174
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4.6.2 Trigger configuration................................................................................................... 176
4.7 Time trigger measurement guide.............................................................................184
4.8 Microservice export.................................................................................................. 185
4.9 Reference: structure of .allocation files..................................................................186
4.10 Basics on input from I/Q data files.......................................................................... 194
5 Analysis.............................................................................................. 197
5.1 General analysis tools.............................................................................................. 197
5.1.1 Data export..................................................................................................................197
5.1.2 Diagram scale............................................................................................................. 198
5.1.3 Zoom........................................................................................................................... 199
5.1.4 Markers....................................................................................................................... 200
5.2 Analysis tools for I/Q measurements......................................................................200
Contents
5.2.1 Layout of numerical results......................................................................................... 201
5.2.2 Result settings.............................................................................................................201
5.2.3 Table configuration......................................................................................................204
5.2.4 Result views................................................................................................................ 205
5.2.5 Evaluation range......................................................................................................... 206
5.2.6 Beamforming selection................................................................................................210
5.3 Analysis tools for combined measurements..........................................................210
5.3.1 Event filter................................................................................................................... 210
5.3.2 General analysis tools.................................................................................................212
5.4 Analysis tools for frequency sweep measurements............................................. 212
6 Remote control...................................................................................213
6.1 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 213
6.2 Introduction............................................................................................................... 214
6.2.1 Conventions used in descriptions............................................................................... 215
6.2.2 Long and short form.................................................................................................... 215
6.2.3 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................216
6.2.4 Optional keywords.......................................................................................................216
6.2.5 Alternative keywords................................................................................................... 216
6.2.6 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................217
6.3 5G NR application selection.....................................................................................219
6.4 Screen layout.............................................................................................................223
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6.4.1 General layout.............................................................................................................223
6.4.2 Layout of a single channel.......................................................................................... 225
6.5 Measurement control................................................................................................233
6.5.1 Measurements............................................................................................................ 233
6.5.2 Measurement sequences............................................................................................235
6.6 Remote commands to retrieve numeric results.....................................................237
6.6.1 Result summary.......................................................................................................... 237
6.6.2 Time alignment error................................................................................................... 256
6.6.3 Marker table................................................................................................................ 256
6.6.4 CCDF table................................................................................................................. 260
6.7 Limit check results....................................................................................................261
6.7.1 EVM limits................................................................................................................... 261
6.7.2 Transmit power on / off limits...................................................................................... 266
Contents
6.7.3 Frequency sweep limits...............................................................................................267
6.8 Retrieve trace data.................................................................................................... 275
6.8.1 Using the TRACe[:DATA] command........................................................................... 275
6.8.2 Read measurement results......................................................................................... 293
6.9 Configuration.............................................................................................................298
6.9.1 General configuration..................................................................................................299
6.9.2 Automatic configuration...............................................................................................302
6.9.3 Physical settings......................................................................................................... 306
6.9.4 Component carrier configuration................................................................................. 311
6.9.5 General radio frame configuration...............................................................................315
6.9.6 Synchronization signal configuration...........................................................................317
6.9.7 Bandwidth part configuration.......................................................................................323
6.9.8 Slot configuration........................................................................................................ 327
6.9.9 CSI reference signal configuration.............................................................................. 334
6.9.10 Positioning reference signal........................................................................................ 343
6.9.11 CORESET allocation configuration............................................................................. 347
6.9.12 PDSCH allocation configuration..................................................................................353
6.9.13 Enhanced CORESET allocation configuration............................................................361
6.9.14 Enhanced PDSCH settings: DMRS............................................................................ 377
6.9.15 Enhanced PDSCH settings: PTRS............................................................................. 387
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6.9.16 Enhanced PDSCH settings: scrambling / coding........................................................ 390
6.9.17 Antenna port configuration.......................................................................................... 394
6.9.18 Advanced settings: global........................................................................................... 395
6.9.19 Advanced settings: reference point A......................................................................... 399
6.9.20 Advanced settings: LTE-CRS coexistence..................................................................402
6.9.21 Generator control........................................................................................................ 405
6.9.22 Input configuration.......................................................................................................411
6.9.23 Frequency configuration..............................................................................................420
6.9.24 Amplitude configuration...............................................................................................422
6.9.25 Data capture................................................................................................................427
6.9.26 Trigger.........................................................................................................................430
6.9.27 Segmented capture.....................................................................................................435
6.9.28 Tracking.......................................................................................................................437
Contents
6.9.29 Demodulation.............................................................................................................. 439
6.9.30 Time alignment measurement.....................................................................................442
6.9.31 Transmit on/off power measurements.........................................................................442
6.9.32 Frequency sweep measurements............................................................................... 445
6.9.33 Combined measurements........................................................................................... 449
6.10 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 455
6.10.1 General analysis tools.................................................................................................455
6.10.2 Analysis tools for I/Q measurements.......................................................................... 467
6.10.3 Analysis tools for combined measurements................................................................477
List of commands (5G NR downlink)............................................... 481
Index....................................................................................................493
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Contents
8User Manual 1178.8036.02 ─ 13
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1 Preface
1.1 Documentation overview
1.1.1 Getting started manual
Preface
Documentation overview
This chapter provides safety-related information, an overview of the user documentation and the conventions used in the documentation.
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSW user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSW product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSW
Introduces the R&S FSW and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
1.1.2 User manuals and help
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Firmware application manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSW is not
included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSW. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
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1.1.3 Service manual
1.1.4 Instrument security procedures
1.1.5 Printed safety instructions
Preface
Documentation overview
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSW in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
1.1.6 Data sheets and brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSW. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSW
1.1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSW
1.1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSW
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1.2 Conventions used in the documentation
1.2.1 Typographical conventions
Preface
Conventions used in the documentation
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
1.2.2 Conventions for procedure descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to perform the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is described.
Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an additionally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or
the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating procedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a keyboard.
1.2.3 Notes on screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
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2 Welcome to the 5G NR measurement appli-
Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Overview of the 5G NR applications
cation
The 5G NR application is a firmware application that adds functionality to measure signals according to the 3GPP 5G NR (new radio) standard on the downlink to the
R&S FSW.
Bandwidth of 5G NR signals
5G NR signals have a bandwidth between 5 MHz and 400 MHz.
Measuring signals greater than 10 MHz requires an R&S FSW with one of the optional
bandwidth extensions (28 MHz or more).
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation. Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the spectrum application and are described in the R&S FSW
user manual. The latest versions of the manuals are available for download at the
product homepage.
https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/fsw
● Overview of the 5G NR applications....................................................................... 12
● Installation...............................................................................................................14
● 5G NR measurement application selection.............................................................14
● Display information..................................................................................................15
2.1 Overview of the 5G NR applications
You can equip the R&S FSW with one or more NR 5G applications. Each of the applications provides functionality for specific measurement tasks.
R&S FSW-K144
The R&S FSW-K144 is designed to measure NR 5G signals on the downlink.
The application supports features up to 3GPP release 15.
●
Basic signal characteristics (like multiple component carriers, frequency ranges
and channel bandwidths).
●
(Automatic) demodulation and configuration of the PDSCH and synchronization
signal (SS/PBCH).
●
Configuration and analysis of multiple frames and bandwidth parts (multi-numerology).
●
Configuration and analysis of special downlink channels and reference signals (like
the PDCCH, the CSI-RS or the PT-RS).
●
Configuration and analysis of various demodulation reference signals.
●
Mapping of channels to different antenna ports.
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Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Overview of the 5G NR applications
●
LTE coexistance analysis.
●
Synchronization of the configuration with a connected Rohde & Schwarz signal
generator.
●
Tools to refine and filter the measurement results.
●
Various result displays that show the measured signal characteristics in a diagram
or a numeric result table.
●
Available measurements: EVM, ACLR, SEM, time alignment and on / off power.
R&S FSW-K145
The R&S FSW-K145 is designed to measure NR 5G signals on the uplink.
The application supports features up to 3GPP release 15.
●
Basic signal characteristics (like multiple component carriers, frequency ranges
and channel bandwidths).
●
(Automatic) demodulation and configuration of the PUSCH.
●
Configuration and analysis of multiple frames and bandwidth parts (multi-numerology).
●
Configuration and analysis of special uplink channels and reference signals (like
the PUCCH, the PRACH, the SRS or the PT-RS).
●
Configuration and analysis of various demodulation reference signals.
●
Mapping of channels to different antenna ports.
●
Synchronization of the configuration with a connected Rohde & Schwarz signal
generator.
●
Tools to refine and filter the measurement results.
●
Various result displays that show the measured signal characteristics in a diagram
or a numeric result table.
●
Available measurements: EVM, ACLR and SEM.
R&S FSW-K147
The R&S FSW-K147 is designed to combine different 5G NR measurements in a single measurement sequence, either on the downlink or on the uplink.
Note that this application requires the R&S FSW-K144 or -K145.
The application supports the following features.
●
Combined analysis of EVM, ACLR and SEM in a single application.
●
Automatic measurement of multiple, subsequent events with a single analyzer.
●
Increased measurement speed due to optimized measurement methods.
●
Advanced trigger configuration.
●
Extended functionality of the result displays that reflect the measurement
sequence.
R&S FSW-K148
The R&S FSW-K148 extends the functionality of the base application with features
introduced with 3GPP release 16.
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Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
5G NR measurement application selection
Note that this application requires the R&S FSW-K144 or -K145.
Release 16 features include:
●
Configuration of DCI parameters.
●
Configuration and analysis of the PRS.
●
New operating bands, slot formats (for IAB) and test models introduced with
release 16.
●
New channel bandwidth introduced with release 16 (70 MHz).
●
Increased PDSCH DMRS length.
●
Increaed number of SS/PBCH blocks to support shared spectrum access.
R&S FSW-K171
The R&S FSW-K171 extends the functionality of the base application with features
introduced with 3GPP release 17.
Note that this application requires the R&S FSW-K144 or -K145 and the R&S FSWK148.
Release 17 features include:
●
New deployment frequency range (FR2-2, up to 71 GHz).
●
New channel bandwidths introduced with FR2-2 (800 MHz, 1600 MHz and 2000
MHz).
●
New subcarrier spacings for various channels (user allocations, SS/PBCH, PRACH
etc.) introduced with FR2-2.
●
New channel bandwidths introduced with release 17 (35 MHz and 45 MHz).
●
Support of 1024QAM modulation in FR1.
●
New operating bands, test models and limits for ACLR and SEM measurements
introduced with release 17.
2.2 Installation
Find detailed installation instructions in the getting started or the release notes of the
R&S FSW.
2.3 5G NR measurement application selection
The 5G NR measurement application adds a new application to the R&S FSW.
Starting the application
1. Press the [MODE] key on the front panel of the R&S FSW.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FSW.
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2.4 Display information
Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Display information
2. Select the "5G NR" item.
The R&S FSW opens a new measurement channel for the 5G NR measurement
application.
The measurement is started immediately with the default settings. It can be configured
in the "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu.
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following
sections.
1 2 3 7 8
1
= Toolbar
2 = Channel bar
3 = Diagram header
4 = Result display
5 = Subwindows (Views)
6 = Subwindow header
7 = Status bar
8 = Softkeys
4 5 6
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Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Display information
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, additional tabs and elements are available. A colored background of the screen behind the measurement channel tabs indicates that you are in
MSRA operating mode. Frequency sweep measurements are not available in MSRA
operating mode.
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FSW MSRA user manual.
Channel bar information
In the 5G NR measurement application, the R&S FSW shows the following settings:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in the 5G NR measurement application
Ref Level Reference level.
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation.
Inp: File Freq Frequency for I/Q file input.
Freq Frequency for other input sources (RF etc.).
Mode* 5G NR mode (link direction and channel bandwidth).
Frame Count* The first number represents the number of frames that have already been
captured.
The second number represents the total number of frames that will be
captured.
The third number in brackets represents the number of frames currently in
the capture buffer.
Capture Time Signal length that has been captured.
Frame Selected frame number.
BWP/SS* Shows the signal part for which results are displayed (evaluation range).
SS = synchronization signal
BWP = bandwidth part
View<x> Information about the contents of View 1 and View 2.
Select the button for access to the dialog box for view configuration.
SGL Indicates that single sweep measurement is active.
Auto Demod Once Select the button to start automatic signal demodulation.
Consecutive CC Meas Number of component carriers that are measured; the numbers in paren-
theses indicate the number of component carriers that are analyzed in a
single capture.
Example: 8 (3 / 3 / 2) means that 8 component carriers are analyzed in
three consecutive data captures. The first two data captures analyze the
first 6 component carriers (3 CCs each), while the last data capture analyzes the last 2 component carriers.
*If you capture more than one data stream (for example several component carriers), the R&S FSW shows
two values separated by a slash. The first number corresponds to the first analyzed data stream, the second number to the second analyzed data stream.
The channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display of the
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Welcome to the 5G NR measurement application
Display information
measured values (for example transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For details, see the
R&S FSW getting started manual.
Diagram header
The information in the diagram header depends on the result display.
●
All diagrams show the window number and type of result display.
●
Most diagrams contain trace information.
●
Some diagrams contain controls to customize the diagram contents. The diagram
header of the "Allocation Summary", for example, contains a control to select which
columns are displayed.
●
If you analyze multiple component carriers or frames, the diagram header shows
which CC or frame is analyzed.
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
Regarding the synchronization state, the application shows the following labels.
●
"Sync OK"
The synchronization was successful. The status bar is green.
●
"Sync Failed"
The synchronization was not successful. The status bar is red.
If you are measuring several component carriers, the message also indicates
which component carrier could not be synchronized.
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3 Measurements and result displays
Measurements and result displays
Selecting measurements
The 5G NR measurement application measures and analyzes various aspects of a 5G
NR signal.
The application provides several measurements and result displays.
●
Measurements capture and analyze the signal in a different way.
●
Result displays are different representations of the measurement results. They are
either diagrams that show the results as a graph or tables that show the results as
numbers.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 299
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 225
● Selecting measurements.........................................................................................18
● Selecting result displays..........................................................................................20
● Performing measurements......................................................................................20
● Selecting the operating mode................................................................................. 21
● Result summary...................................................................................................... 22
● I/Q measurements...................................................................................................28
● Time alignment error...............................................................................................45
● Transmit on / off power measurement.....................................................................47
● Frequency sweep measurements...........................................................................52
● Combined measurements.......................................................................................61
● Reference: custom limits.........................................................................................63
● Reference: 3GPP test scenarios.............................................................................65
3.1 Selecting measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
The "Select Measurement" dialog box contains several buttons. Each button represents a measurement. A measurement in turn is a set of result displays that thematically belong together and that have a particular display configuration. If these predefined display configurations do not suit your requirements, you can add or remove
result displays as you like. For more information about selecting result displays, see
Chapter 3.2, "Selecting result displays", on page 20.
Depending on the measurement, the R&S FSW changes the way it captures and processes the raw signal data.
EVM
EVM measurements record, process and demodulate the signal's I/Q data. The result
displays available for EVM measurements show various aspects of the 5G NR signal
quality.
For EVM measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way.
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Measurements and result displays
Selecting measurements
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.6, "I/Q measurements",
on page 28.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 299
Time alignment error
Time alignment error (TAE) measurements record, process and demodulate the signal's I/Q data. The result displays available for TAE measurements indicate how well
the antennas in a multi-antenna system are aligned.
For TAE measurements, you can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.7, "Time alignment error",
on page 45.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 299
Transmit on / off power
Transmit on / off power measurements record and process the signal's I/Q data without
demodulating the data. The result displays available for transmit on / off power measurements show various aspects of the transition from on to off power.
For transmit on / off power measurements, you can combine the result displays in any
way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.8, "Transmit on / off power
measurement", on page 47.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 299
Combined EVM / ACLR / SEM
Combined measurements are a sequence of individual measurements that evaluate
the EVM, ACLR and / or SEM of a DUT.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.10, "Combined measure-
ments", on page 61.
Channel power ACLR
(inludes multi carrier ACLR and cumulative ACLR measurements)
ACLR measurements sweep the frequency spectrum instead of processing I/Q data.
The ACLR measurements evaluates the leakage ratio of neighboring channels and
evaluates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several
result displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.9, "Frequency sweep mea-
surements", on page 52.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 299
SEM
(inlcudes multi carrier SEM measurements)
SEM measurements sweep the frequency spectrum instead of processing I/Q data.
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3.2 Selecting result displays
Measurements and result displays
Performing measurements
The SEM measurements tests the signal against a spectrum emission mask and evaluates if the signal is within the defined limits. The measurement provides several result
displays. You can combine the result displays in any way.
For more information on the result displays, see Chapter 3.9, "Frequency sweep mea-
surements", on page 52.
Remote command:
CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 299
Access:
The R&S FSW opens a menu (the SmartGrid) to select result displays. For more information on the SmartGrid functionality, see the R&S FSW Getting Started.
In the default state of the application, it shows several conventional result displays.
●
Capture Buffer
●
EVM vs Carrier
●
Power Spectrum
●
Result Summary
●
Alloc ID vs Symbol x Carrier
●
Constellation Diagram
From that predefined state, add and remove result displays as you like from the SmartGrid menu.
Remote command: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 225
3.3 Performing measurements
By default, the application measures the signal continuously. In "Continuous Sweep"
mode, the R&S FSW captures and analyzes the data again and again.
●
For I/Q measurements, the amount of captured data depends on the capture time.
●
For frequency sweep measurement, the amount of captured data depends on the
sweep time.
In "Single Sweep" mode, the R&S FSW stops measuring after it has captured the data
once. The amount of data again depends on the capture time.
Refreshing captured data
You can also repeat a measurement based on the data that has already been captured
with the "Refresh" function. Repeating a measurement with the same data can be useful, for example, if you want to apply different modulation settings to the same I/Q data.
For more information, see the documentation of the R&S FSW.
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3.4 Selecting the operating mode
Measurements and result displays
Selecting the operating mode
Access: [MODE] > "Multi-Standard Radio Analyzer Tab"
The 5G NR application is supported by the Multi Standard Radio Analyzer (MSRA).
In MSRA operating mode, only the MSRA primary actually captures data. The application receives an extract of the captured data for analysis, referred to as the application
data. The application data range is defined by the same settings used to define the
signal capture in "Signal and Spectrum Analyzer" mode. In addition, a capture offset
can be defined, i.e. an offset from the start of the captured data to the start of the
analysis interval.
If a signal contains multiple data channels for multiple standards, separate applications
are used to analyze each data channel. Thus, it is of interest to know which application
is analyzing which data channel. The MSRA primary display indicates the data covered
by each application by vertical blue lines labeled with the application name. The blue
lines correspond to the channel bandwidth.
However, the individual result displays of the application need not analyze the complete data range. The data range that is actually analyzed by the individual result display is referred to as the analysis interval.
The analysis interval is automatically determined according to the Capture Time you
have defined. The analysis interval cannot be edited directly in the 5G NR application,
but is changed automatically when you change the evaluation range. The currently
used analysis interval (in seconds, related to capture buffer start) is indicated in the
window header for each result display.
A frequent question when analyzing multi-standard signals is how each data channel is
correlated (in time) to others. Thus, an analysis line has been introduced. The analysis
line is a common time marker for all MSRA secondary applications. It can be positioned in any MSRA secondary application or the MSRA primary and is then adjusted
in all other secondary applications. Thus, you can easily analyze the results at a specific time in the measurement in all secondary applications and determine correlations.
If the analysis interval of the secondary application contains the marked point in time,
the line is indicated in all time-based result displays, such as time, symbol, slot or bit
diagrams. By default, the analysis line is displayed. However, you can hide it from view
manually. In all result displays, the "AL" label in the window title bar indicates whether
the analysis line lies within the analysis interval or not:
●
orange "AL": the line lies within the interval
●
white "AL": the line lies within the interval, but is not displayed (hidden)
●
no "AL": the line lies outside the interval
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FSW MSRA documentation.
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3.5 Result summary
Measurements and result displays
Result summary
In addition to various graphical results, the R&S FSW provides a numerical result summary for I/Q measurements. The result summary shows a multitude of results that indicate the signal quality, combined in one table.
The result summary is split into several parts.
●
Frame statistics, which evaluate the metrics of the resource elements in a complete
frame.
Results are averaged over frames.
●
Slot and subframe statistics, which evaluate metrics of the resource elements in a
single slot or subframe.
Results are averaged over slots / subframes.
If you are using different numerologies, the R&S FSW first averages all slots with the
same numerology, before calculating the overall mean value.
Each row in the table corresponds to a certain metric or result parameter. You can add
or remove results you want to display as necessary.
By default, the R&S FSW evaluates the results over all captured frames, bandwidth
parts, subframes and slots. For most results, the result summary therefore contains a
mean (average), maximum and minimum value.
Limit check
The R&S FSW also tests several results against limits, if 3GPP has defined limits for a
result. Limits are only evaluated if the signal complies to the 3GPP specification
regarding the number of analyzed frames and the results are averaged over all frames.
Depending on the limit test, the results are highlighted.
●
If one of the results passes the limit, the value is highlighted green.
●
If one of the results violates the limit, the value is highlighted red.
●
Results that are not evaluated are not highlighted in a color.
For some results you can define custom limits. For more information, see Chap-
ter 3.11, "Reference: custom limits", on page 63.
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Measurements and result displays
Result summary
You can check if a result supports limit evaluation in the result descriptions below. The
result descriptions also indicate special behavior of the limit check.
Evaluation range and multiple frame analysis
The evaluation range selects the way the results are evaluated and which values are
displayed.
For the frame statistics, the evaluation range is irrelevant. However, you can select a
specific frame that you want to analyze.
●
Select "Frame Averaged" in the result summary header to display the average
result over all analyzed frames. The average results relate to all frames, not just
those in the capture buffer.
The table also shows the minimum and maximum values over the analyzed
frames.
●
Select "Selected Frame" in the result summary header to display the results for a
single frame.
If you analyze a single frame, the mean, minimum and maximum values are the
same.
For the slot statistics and subframe statistics, the effects of the evaluation range are
as follows.
●
Select "Frame Averaged" in the result summary header to display the average
results over all analyzed slots in all analyzed frames. The average results relate to
all frames, not just those in the capture buffer. The table also shows the minimum
and maximum values found in the analyzed frames.
When you select a specific BWP, subframe or slot while in "Frame Averaged"
mode, the R&S FSW automatically selects "Selected Frame" mode.
●
Select "Selected Frame" in the result summary header to display the results over
all analyzed slots in a single frame. The analyzed frame depends on the frame you
have selected. In this case, you can filter the evaluation range as you like.
Examples:
– If you select a specific BWP: the R&S FSW takes the average over all slots in
the selected BWP.
– If you select a specific subframe: the R&S FSW takes the average over all slots
in the selected subframe.
– If you select a specific slot: the R&S FSW shows the result for that slot.
Note that selecting a specific slot for the subframe results (frequency and sampling error) will not make a difference, because those results are always calculated over a complete subframe.
The current evaluation range is indicated in the header row of the slot statistics.
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Measurements and result displays
Result summary
Multiple carrier analysis
For measurements on multiple carriers, the contents of the result summary depend on
your configuration, especially the CC result setting.
●
Select "CC Result" = "All" to display information about all component carriers,
regardless of the number of component carriers.
– The "All" tab shows the average results for all component carriers. Each col-
umn in the table corresponds to one component carrier.
– The "View <x>" tabs show the detailed results for the component carriers
assigned to the two views.
●
Select "CC Result" = "Viewed" to display information about the component carriers
assigned to the two views.
– The "All" tab shows the average results for the two selected component carri-
ers. Depending on your selection in the result summary header, the results are
either averaged over all frames, or relate to a single frame.
– The "View <x>" tabs show the detailed results for the component carriers
assigned to the two views. Depending on your selection in the result summary
header, the results are either averaged over all frames, or relate to a single,
selected frame.
If you analyze only one frame, the results are the same in both cases.
Note that analyzing all component carriers is slower compared analyzing the viewed
component carriers, because of the post-processing that occurs during the analysis.
Thus, if time is an issue, you can select two component carriers to analyze, and, if you
are later interested in the characteristics of another component carrier, analyze that
component carrier later (the data of the other carriers is available, just not analyzed).
Units
Most of the units of the results are fixed.
The unit of the EVM results depends on the selected EVM unit.
Remote queries.............................................................................................................25
EVM PDSCH.................................................................................................................25
Frame Start Offset.........................................................................................................25
EVM All......................................................................................................................... 25
EVM Peak..................................................................................................................... 26
EVM Phys Channel.......................................................................................................26
EVM Phys Signal.......................................................................................................... 26
Frequency Error............................................................................................................ 26
Sampling Error.............................................................................................................. 27
Power............................................................................................................................27
I/Q Offset.......................................................................................................................27
I/Q Gain Imbalance....................................................................................................... 27
I/Q Quadrature Error..................................................................................................... 27
Crest Factor.................................................................................................................. 27
OSTP............................................................................................................................ 28
RSTP.............................................................................................................................28
RSRP............................................................................................................................ 28
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Measurements and result displays
Result summary
Remote queries
The remote commands to query individual results and limit check results are indicated
in the description of the respective result.
Alternatively, you can query all results or limit check results at the same time using a
single command.
Remote command:
Results: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:ALL?
on page 238
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:ALL:RESult? on page 262
EVM PDSCH
Shows the EVM for all PDSCH resource elements with a certain modulation in the analyzed frame (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM).
3GPP release 17 adds 1024QAM modulation.
Limit evaluation supported.
Remote command:
QPSK: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSQP[:
AVERage]? on page 242
16QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSST[:
AVERage]? on page 244
64QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSSF[:
AVERage]? on page 243
256QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:
DSTS[:AVERage]? on page 244
1024QAM: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:
DS1K[:AVERage]? on page 242
Limit check QPSK: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSQP[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 263
Limit check 16QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSST[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 264
Limit check 64QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSSF[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 263
Limit check 256QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DSTS[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 265
Limit check 1024QAM: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:DS1K[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 262
Frame Start Offset
Shows the start of the frame relative to the start of the capture buffer.
Unavailable for "Frame Averaged" results, otherwise refers to the selected frame.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:TFRame? on page 256
EVM All
Shows the EVM for all resource elements in the selected evaluation range.
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Measurements and result displays
Result summary
The result is a weighted average over all resource elements (PDSCH, DMRS etc.).
The number of occupied resource blocks and the number of used symbols of each
allocation is taken into account in the calculation of the mean EVM. Therefore, a fully
loaded PDSCH across multiple symbols gets a much higher weight than a single symbol DMRS.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:
AVERage]? on page 241
EVM Peak
Shows the EVM of the resource element with the highest EVM value in the selected
evaluation range.
Unavailable for combined measurements.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:PEAK[:
AVERage]? on page 246
EVM Phys Channel
Shows the EVM for all physical channel resource elements in the selected evaluation
range.
A physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying information
from higher layers. PDSCH, PUSCH, PBCH or PDCCH, for example, are physical
channels.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel[:
AVERage]? on page 245
EVM Phys Signal
Shows the EVM for all physical signal resource elements in the selected evaluation
range.
The reference signal is a physical signal, for example.
Frequency Error
Shows the difference in the measured center frequency and the reference center frequency.
The frequency error is calculated over a subframe.
Limits are evaluated if you turn on the limit check.
The R&S FSW checks the measured frequency error against the limits defined by
3GPP. The values are highlighted green (pass) or red (fail) respectively. The color of
the mean value indicates the overall limit check passes or fails. Note that if you evaluate a single subframe only, the minimum, maximum and mean values are the same.
The limit values depend on the base station category.
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Measurements and result displays
Result summary
Remote command:
Result: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:FERRor[:
AVERage]? on page 247
Limit check: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:
FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:EVM:FERRor[:AVERage]:RESult? on page 265
Sampling Error
Shows the difference in measured symbol clock and reference symbol clock relative to
the system sampling rate.
The sampling error is calculated over a subframe.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]?
on page 252
Power
Shows the average time domain power for all resource elements in the selected evaluation range.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]?
on page 249
I/Q Offset
Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power.
Not available for multiple BWPs.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:
AVERage]? on page 248
I/Q Gain Imbalance
Shows the logarithm of the gain ratio between the Q-channel and the I-channel.
Not available for multiple BWPs and only calculated if you turn on the calculation.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:
AVERage]? on page 248
I/Q Quadrature Error
Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q-channel and I-channel deviating
from the ideal 90 degrees.
Not available for multiple BWPs and only calculated if you turn on the calculation.
Crest Factor
Shows the peak-to-average power ratio of the captured signal.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]? on page 239
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Measurements and result displays
I/Q measurements
OSTP
Shows the OFDM symbol transmit power.
The result is the average power of all OFDM symbols that carry PDSCH and not con-
taining PDCCH, RS or SSB within a slot.
Not available for multiple BWPs.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:OSTP[:AVERage]?
on page 249
RSTP
Shows the reference signal transmit power.
The result is an average over all PDSCH DMRS within a frame. For the calculation, the
R&S FSW first averages all DMRS in each slot, and then averages this value over all
slots in a frame.
Remote command:
FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:RSTP[:AVERage]?
on page 252
RSRP
Shows the reference signal receive power for the CSI reference signal (CSI-RSRP)
and the second synchonization reference signal (SS-RSRP) as defined in 3GPP
38.215.
It is an average power over all resource elements that carry the CSI or SS reference
signal.
Remote command:
CSI-RSRP: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:RSRP:
CSI[:AVERage]? on page 251
SS-RSRP: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>][:FRAMe<fr>]:SUMMary:RSRP:
SS[:AVERage]? on page 251
3.6 I/Q measurements
Access: [MEAS] > "EVM/Frequency Err/Power"
For I/Q measurements, the R&S FSW captures and then analyzes the demodulated
I/Q data. I/Q measurements provide various result displays that show different aspects
and characteristics of the captured signal.
You can select the result displays from the evaluation bar and arrange them as you like
with the SmartGrid functionality.
Remote command:
Measurement selection: CONFigure[:NR5G]:MEASurement on page 299
Result display selection: LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 225
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Measurements and result displays
I/Q measurements
Capture Buffer...............................................................................................................29
EVM vs Carrier..............................................................................................................30
EVM vs Symbol.............................................................................................................31
EVM vs RB....................................................................................................................31
Frequency Error vs Symbol...........................................................................................32
Frequency Error vs Subframe.......................................................................................33
Power Spectrum............................................................................................................34
Flatness.........................................................................................................................34
CCDF............................................................................................................................ 35
Constellation Diagram...................................................................................................36
Allocation Summary...................................................................................................... 36
Channel Decoder Results............................................................................................. 37
Bitstream.......................................................................................................................38
EVM vs Symbol x Carrier..............................................................................................39
Power vs Symbol x Carrier............................................................................................40
Allocation ID vs Symbol x Carrier..................................................................................40
RS Magnitude............................................................................................................... 41
RS Phase......................................................................................................................41
RS Phase Difference.....................................................................................................42
Beamforming Summary................................................................................................ 43
Marker Table................................................................................................................. 44
Capture Buffer
The "Capture Buffer" shows the complete range of captured data for the last data capture.
The x-axis represents time. The maximum value of the x-axis is equal to the Capture
Time.
The y-axis represents the amplitude of the captured I/Q data in dBm (for RF input).
The capture buffer uses the auto peak detector to evaluate the measurement data. The
auto peak detector determines the maximum and the minimum value of the measured
levels for each measurement point and combines both values in one sample point.
Figure 3-1: Capture buffer without zoom
A green bar at the bottom of the diagram represents the frame that is currently analyzed.
A green vertical line at the beginning of the green bar in the capture buffer represents
the frame start. The diagram also contains the "Start Offset" value. This value is the
time difference between the frame start and capture buffer start.
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Measurements and result displays
I/Q measurements
If you are using the segmented capture, the capture buffer also contains blue vertical
lines to indicate the beginning, the end and the length of a segment. In addition, the
footer of the diagram shows the overall measurement time (in brackets) and the time of
the displayed data. If the number of segments is > 100, only every other segment is
indicated.
The header of the "Capture Buffer" result display contains an "I/Q Export" button that
allows you to export I/Q data easily.
Remote command:
Selection: LAY:ADD ? '1',LEFT,CBUF
Query (y-axis): TRACe:DATA?
Query (x-axis): TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 297
Frame start offset: FETCh[:CC<cc>][:ISRC<ant>]:SUMMary:TFRame?
on page 256
EVM vs Carrier
The "EVM vs Carrier" result display shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the
subcarriers. With the help of a marker, you can use it as a debugging technique to
identify any subcarriers whose EVM is too high.
The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource elements for each subcarrier. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each analyzed slot in the capture buffer.
The contents of the result display depend on the evaluation range.
●
If you analyze all synchronization signals (SS) and bandwidth parts (BWP), the
result display contains one trace for the synchronization signal and a variable number of traces that represent the bandwidth parts. The traces show the average
EVM of the corresponding signal part. The diagram header contains a legend that
shows the information that each trace carries.
●
If you analyze only the synchronization signal, one specific bandwidth part, or a
single subframe, the diagram contains three traces. The traces show the following
information.
– The average subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
– The lowest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
– The highest subcarrier EVM over all slots in the selected signal part.
●
If you analyze only a single slot, the diagram contains one trace. That trace shows
the subcarrier EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in
that case are the same.
The x-axis represents the center frequencies of the subcarriers. The y-axis shows the
EVM in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.
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