Rohde&Schwarz R&S®FSV-K8 Bluetooth Measurements Operating Manual User Manual
R&S® FSV-K8
Firmware Option Bluetooth
Measurements
Operating Manual
(;ÚÚ:2)
1176.7610.02 ─ 03
Operating Manual
Test & Measurement
This manual describes the following R&S®FSV/FSVA options:
●
R&S FSV-K8 (1310.8155.02)
This manual describes the following R&S FSV/FSVA models with firmware version 3.00 and higher:
●
R&S®FSV4 (1321.3008K04)
●
R&S®FSVA4 (1321.3008K05)
●
R&S®FSV7 (1321.3008K07)
●
R&S®FSVA7 (1321.3008K08)
●
R&S®FSV13 (1321.3008K13)
●
R&S®FSVA13 (1321.3008K14)
●
R&S®FSV30 (1321.3008K30)
●
R&S®FSVA30 (1321.3008K31)
●
R&S®FSV40 (1321.3008K39/1321.3008K40)
●
R&S®FSVA40 (1321.3008K41)
It also applies to the following R&S®FSV models. However, note the differences described in Chapter 1.4,
"Notes for Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx Models", on page 9.
●
R&S®FSV3 (1307.9002K03)
●
R&S®FSV7 (1307.9002K07)
●
R&S®FSV13 (1307.9002K13)
●
R&S®FSV30 (1307.9002K30)
●
R&S®FSV40 (1307.9002K39/1307.9002K40)
© 2015 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Rohde & Schwarz is under
license.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FSV/FSVA is abbreviated as R&S FSV/FSVA.
R&S® FSV-K8
1.1 Documentation Overview............................................................................................. 5
1.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation...................................................................7
1.3 How to Use the Help System........................................................................................8
1.4 Notes for Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx Models.................................................. 9
2.1 Bluetooth Overview.................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Supported Tests..........................................................................................................13
2.3 Overview of Transmitter Tests...................................................................................14
2.4 Functional Description – Block Diagram.................................................................. 15
Contents
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 5
2 Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)..................................11
2.5 Bandwidths..................................................................................................................16
2.6 Measurement Filter (Meas Filter On)......................................................................... 17
2.7 Oversampling ............................................................................................................. 17
2.8 Determining Average or Max/Min Values..................................................................19
2.9 Trigger Concepts ....................................................................................................... 20
3 Instrument Functions for Bluetooth Measurements (K8).................21
3.1 Measurement Types and Result Display.................................................................. 23
3.2 Adapting the settings to the characteristics of the DUT......................................... 34
3.3 Softkeys of the Bluetooth Menu................................................................................ 35
3.4 Softkeys of the MEAS CONFIG menu....................................................................... 50
3.5 Softkeys of the Amplitude Menu (Bluetooth Mode).................................................50
3.6 Softkeys of the Bandwidth Menu (option R&S FSV-K8)..........................................54
3.7 Softkeys of the Frequency Menu (option R&S FSV-K8).......................................... 56
3.8 Softkeys of the Sweep Menu (Bluetooth mode).......................................................57
3.9 Softkeys of the Trigger Menu (Option R&S FSV-K8)............................................... 60
3.10 Further Information.....................................................................................................64
4 Remote Commands for Bluetooth Measurements (K8)....................68
4.1 CALCulate subsystem................................................................................................ 68
4.2 CONFigure:BTOoth Subsystem (BLUETOOTH, K8)................................................ 91
4.3 DISPlay Subsystem (BLUETOOTH, K8).................................................................. 106
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4.4 FORMat subsystem...................................................................................................110
4.5 INITiate subsystem................................................................................................... 110
4.6 INPut subsystem....................................................................................................... 111
4.7 INSTrument Subsystem (BLUETOOTH, K8)........................................................... 113
4.8 SENSe Subsystem (BLUETOOTH, K8)....................................................................113
4.9 SENSe:ADEMod Subsystem (BLUETOOTH, K8)....................................................120
4.10 SENSe:DDEMod Subsystem (BLUETOOTH, K8)....................................................121
4.11 SYSTem subsystem..................................................................................................124
4.12 TRACe subsystem.................................................................................................... 125
4.13 TRIGger subsystem.................................................................................................. 126
4.14 Programming Example............................................................................................. 128
Contents
List of Commands..............................................................................130
Index....................................................................................................133
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R&S® FSV-K8
1 Preface
Preface
Documentation Overview
1.1 Documentation Overview
The user documentation for the R&S FSV/FSVA is divided as follows:
●
Quick Start Guide
●
Operating Manuals for base unit and options
●
Service Manual
●
Online Help
●
Release Notes
Quick Start Guide
This manual is delivered with the instrument in printed form and in PDF format on the
CD. It provides the information needed to set up and start working with the instrument.
Basic operations and basic measurements are described. Also a brief introduction to
remote control is given. The manual includes general information (e.g. Safety Instructions) and the following chapters:
Chapter 1 Introduction, General information
Chapter 2 Front and Rear Panel
Chapter 3 Preparing for Use
Chapter 4 Firmware Update and Installation of Firmware Options
Chapter 5 Basic Operations
Chapter 6 Basic Measurement Examples
Chapter 7 Brief Introduction to Remote Control
Appendix Printer Interface
Appendix LAN Interface
Operating Manuals
The Operating Manuals are a supplement to the Quick Start Guide. Operating Manuals
are provided for the base unit and each additional (software) option.
The Operating Manual for the base unit provides basic information on operating the
R&S FSV/FSVA in general, and the "Spectrum" mode in particular. Furthermore, the
software options that enhance the basic functionality for various measurement modes
are described here. The set of measurement examples in the Quick Start Guide is
expanded by more advanced measurement examples. In addition to the brief introduction to remote control in the Quick Start Guide, a description of the basic analyzer commands and programming examples is given. Information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages is also provided.
5Operating Manual 1176.7610.02 ─ 03
R&S® FSV-K8
Preface
Documentation Overview
In the individual option manuals, the specific instrument functions of the option are
described in detail. For additional information on default settings and parameters, refer
to the data sheets. Basic information on operating the R&S FSV/FSVA is not included
in the option manuals.
The following Operating Manuals are available for the R&S FSV/FSVA:
●
R&S FSV/FSVA base unit; in addition:
– R&S FSV-K9 Power Sensor Support
– R&S FSV-K14 Spectrogram Measurement
●
R&S FSV-K7 Analog Demodulation and R&S FSV-K7S FM Stereo Measurements
●
R&S FSV-K10 GSM/EDGE Measurement
●
R&S FSV-K30 Noise Figure Measurement
●
R&S FSV-K40 Phase Noise Measurement
●
R&S FSV-K70 Vector Signal Analysis Operating Manual
R&S FSV-K70 Vector Signal Analysis Getting Started (First measurements)
●
R&S FSV-K72 3GPP FDD BTS Analysis
●
R&S FSV-K73 3GPP FDD UE Analysis
●
R&S FSV-K76/77 3GPP TD-SCDMA BTS/UE Measurement
●
R&S FSV-K82/83 CDMA2000 BTS/MS Analysis
●
R&S FSV-K84/85 1xEV-DO BTS/MS Analysis
●
R&S FSV-K91 WLAN IEEE 802.11
●
R&S FSV-K93 WiMAX IEEE 802.16 OFDM/OFDMA Analysis
●
R&S FSV-K100/K104 EUTRA / LTE Downlink Measurement Application
●
R&S FSV-K101/K105 EUTRA / LTE Uplink Measurement Application
These manuals are available in PDF format on the CD delivered with the instrument.
Service Manual
This manual is available in PDF format on the CD delivered with the instrument. It
describes how to check compliance with rated specifications, instrument function,
repair, troubleshooting and fault elimination. It contains all information required for
repairing the R&S FSV/FSVA by replacing modules. The manual includes the following
chapters:
Chapter 1 Performance Test
Chapter 2 Adjustment
Chapter 3 Repair
Chapter 4 Software Update / Installing Options
Chapter 5 Documents
Online Help
The online help contains context-specific help on operating the R&S FSV/FSVA and all
available options. It describes both manual and remote operation. The online help is
6Operating Manual 1176.7610.02 ─ 03
R&S® FSV-K8
Preface
Conventions Used in the Documentation
installed on the R&S FSV/FSVA by default, and is also available as an executable .chm file on the CD delivered with the instrument.
Release Notes
The release notes describe the installation of the firmware, new and modified functions, eliminated problems, and last minute changes to the documentation. The corresponding firmware version is indicated on the title page of the release notes. The current release notes are provided in the Internet.
1.2 Conventions Used in the Documentation
1.2.1 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
KEYS Key names are written in capital letters.
File names, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
1.2.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions
When describing how to operate the instrument, several alternative methods may be
available to perform the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen
is described. Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using
an additionally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the
instrument or the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard
operating procedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a keyboard.
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R&S® FSV-K8
Preface
How to Use the Help System
1.2.3 Notes on Screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as much as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
1.3 How to Use the Help System
Calling context-sensitive and general help
► To display the general help dialog box, press the HELP key on the front panel.
The help dialog box "View" tab is displayed. A topic containing information about
the current menu or the currently opened dialog box and its function is displayed.
For standard Windows dialog boxes (e.g. File Properties, Print dialog etc.), no contextsensitive help is available.
► If the help is already displayed, press the softkey for which you want to display
help.
A topic containing information about the softkey and its function is displayed.
If a softkey opens a submenu and you press the softkey a second time, the submenu
of the softkey is displayed.
Contents of the help dialog box
The help dialog box contains four tabs:
●
"Contents" - contains a table of help contents
●
"View" - contains a specific help topic
●
"Index" - contains index entries to search for help topics
●
"Zoom" - contains zoom functions for the help display
To change between these tabs, press the tab on the touchscreen.
Navigating in the table of contents
●
To move through the displayed contents entries, use the UP ARROW and DOWN
ARROW keys. Entries that contain further entries are marked with a plus sign.
●
To display a help topic, press the ENTER key. The "View" tab with the corresponding help topic is displayed.
8Operating Manual 1176.7610.02 ─ 03
R&S® FSV-K8
Preface
Notes for Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx Models
●
To change to the next tab, press the tab on the touchscreen.
Navigating in the help topics
●
To scroll through a page, use the rotary knob or the UP ARROW and DOWN
ARROW keys.
●
To jump to the linked topic, press the link text on the touchscreen.
Searching for a topic
1. Change to the "Index" tab.
2. Enter the first characters of the topic you are interested in. The entries starting with
these characters are displayed.
3. Change the focus by pressing the ENTER key.
4. Select the suitable keyword by using the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW keys or
the rotary knob.
5. Press the ENTER key to display the help topic.
The "View" tab with the corresponding help topic is displayed.
Changing the zoom
1. Change to the "Zoom" tab.
2. Set the zoom using the rotary knob. Four settings are available: 1-4. The smallest
size is selected by number 1, the largest size is selected by number 4.
Closing the help window
► Press the ESC key or a function key on the front panel.
1.4 Notes for Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx Models
Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx models should consider the following differences to
the description of the newer R&S FSV/FSVA 1321.3008Kxx models:
●
Functions that are based on the Windows7 operating system (e.g. printing or setting up networks) may have a slightly different appearance or require different settings on the Windows XP based models. For such functions, refer to the Windows
documentation or the documentation originally provided with the R&S FSV instrument.
●
The R&S FSV 1307.9002K03 model is restricted to a maximum frequency of
3 GHz, whereas the R&S FSV/FSVA1321.3008K04 model has a maximum frequency of 4 GHz.
9Operating Manual 1176.7610.02 ─ 03
R&S® FSV-K8
Notes for Users of R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx Models
●
The bandwidth extension option R&S FSV-B160 (1311.2015.xx) is not available for
the R&S FSV 1307.9002Kxx models. The maximum usable I/Q analysis bandwidth
for these models is 28 MHz, or with option R&S FSV-B70, 40 MHz.
Preface
10Operating Manual 1176.7610.02 ─ 03
R&S® FSV-K8
Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Bluetooth Overview
2 Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements
(K8)
Overview of Firmware Option R&S FSV-K8
This section contains all information required for operation of an R&S FSV/FSVA
equipped with Application Firmware R&S FSV–K8. It covers operation via menus and
the remote control commands for bluetooth measurements.
This part of the documentation consists of the following chapters:
●
Chapter 2, "Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)", on page 11
Introduces the Bluetooth option and provides further information.
●
Chapter 3, "Instrument Functions for Bluetooth Measurements (K8)", on page 21
Shows all softkeys available in the "Bluetooth" menu. This chapter also presents
the remote control commands associated with each softkey function.
●
Chapter 4, "Remote Commands for Bluetooth Measurements (K8)", on page 68
Describes all remote control commands defined for bluetooth measurements.
This part of the documentation includes only functions of the Application Firmware
R&S FSV–K8. For all other descriptions, refer to the description of the base unit.
2.1 Bluetooth Overview.................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Supported Tests..........................................................................................................13
2.3 Overview of Transmitter Tests...................................................................................14
2.4 Functional Description – Block Diagram.................................................................. 15
2.5 Bandwidths..................................................................................................................16
2.6 Measurement Filter (Meas Filter On)......................................................................... 17
2.7 Oversampling ............................................................................................................. 17
2.8 Determining Average or Max/Min Values..................................................................19
2.9 Trigger Concepts ....................................................................................................... 20
2.1 Bluetooth Overview
This section provides the following general information on Bluetooth measurements:
●
Bluetooth technical parameters
●
Power classes
●
Structure of a Bluetooth data packet
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R&S® FSV-K8
Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Bluetooth Overview
Bluetooth technical parameters
Table 2-1: Common Parameters
frequency bands 2402 + (0...78) MHz
channel spacing 1 MHz
symbol rate 1 Msym/s
slot length
(frequency hopping)
packet sizes 1, 3, 5 slot packets
Table 2-2: Modulation Parameters Basic Rate
modulation GFSK
TX filter Gaussian
BT / 0.5
modulation index 0.28 – 0.35 nominal 0.32
frequency deviation 160 kHz settled
bandwidth
–3dB
–20dB
bit rate 1 Mbps
Table 2-3: Modulation Parameters Enhanced Data Rate
modulation π/4–DQPSK 8DPSK
625 (sec
141 kHz 010101 suite
220 kHz
1 MHz
TX filter RRC RRC
roll–off factor 0.4 0.4
bandwidth –3dB ± 500kHz ± 500kHz
bit rate 2 Mbps 3 Mbps
Power classes
Power Class Maximum (Pmax) Nominal Minimum (Pmin) Power Control
1 100 mW (20 dBm)
2 2.5 mW (4dBm) 1 mW (0 dBm) 0.25 mW (–6dBm) optional
3 1 mW (0dBm)
1 mW (0 dBm) from Pmin (< +4
dBm) to Pmax
optional
Structure of a Bluetooth data packet
Every Bluetooth data packet is divided into 3 basic sections: access code, header and
payload. The following figures show the order and bit lengths of the individual sections:
12Operating Manual 1176.7610.02 ─ 03
R&S® FSV-K8
Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Supported Tests
access code 72 bits
4 bits preamble 64 bits sync word 4 bits trailer 54 bits header 240 / 1496 / 2744
bits payload*)
*) During EUT evaluation the payload contains certain bit sequences: PRBS9 (Pseudo
Random Bit Sequence) or 11110000 or 10101010.
The sync word is transmitted as the major part of the access code. For this purpose,
the LAP (lower address part) of the BD address is expanded to 64 bit by adding the
BCH code and baker.
sync word 64 bits
BCH code 34 bits LAP 24 bits Barker 6 bits
The LAP (lower address part) of the BD address serves as a basis for the sync word.
BD – address 48 bits
NAP 16 bits UAP 8 bits LAP 24 bits
In case of EDR packets the payload is divided into 6 other sections:
DPSK
guard 5µs SYNC payload header user payload 0–
2.2 Supported Tests
The Bluetooth Measurements Option supports measurements according to the Bluetooth RF Test Specification (Bluetooth SIG) , Revision 2.0.E.3, Mar 2005, on the
R&S FSV/FSVA. The following tests are currently implemented according to this specification:
●
Output Power
●
TX Output Spectrum – Adjacent Channel Power
●
Modulation Characteristics
●
Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance (ICFT)
●
Carrier Frequency Drift
●
EDR Relative Transmit Power
●
EDR Carrier Frequency Stability and Modulation Accuracy
●
EDR Differential Phase Encoding
●
EDR In–band Spurious Emissions
CRC code trailer
2723Symb
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R&S® FSV-K8
Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Overview of Transmitter Tests
2.3 Overview of Transmitter Tests
Table 2-4: Basic Rate Measurements
Hop on off off on / off on / off
Trigger extern – – – –
Synchronization Yes (p0), but also
packet Type longest supported DH1 longest supported DH1 all supported pack-
Payload PRBS 9 PRBS 9 11110000
Test Mode loop back loop back loop back loop back loop back
Operating Mode IQ mode analyzer zero span IQ mode IQ mode IQ mode
RBW 3 MHz 100 kHz – – –
VBW 3 MHz 300 kHz – – –
Power supported maxi-
Output Power TX Output Spec-
trum – Adjacent
Channel Power
no yes (p0) yes (p0) yes (p0)
possible without
supported maxi-
mum
mum
Modulation Characteristics
10101010
supported maximum
Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance
PRBS 9 10101010
supported maximum
Carrier Frequency
Drift
ets (DH1/3/5)
not specified
Sweep Time one complete
packet
Sweep Count – 10 10 (extern) 10 10
Trace Mode Maxh Maxh – – –
Detector Peak Aver – – –
Frequency in MHz low /
middle /
high
Span – – – – –
Test cond norm / ext norm / ext norm / ext norm / ext norm / ext
Results peak and average
power
1) PAV < 100 mW
(20 dBm)
2) PPK < 200 mW
(23 dBm)
3) P
> PAV >P
max
at maximum power
step PAV < 1 mW (0
dBm)
79s per sweep
(= 100ms * 10 * 79)
each channel low /
channel power of
all channels
1) PTX (f) ≤ – 20
dBm for |M–N| = 2
2) PTX (f) ≤ – 40
dBm for |M–N| ≥ 3
min
one complete
packet
middle /
high
all 8 bit peak deviations and average
deviations
– one complete
packet
low /
middle /
high
carrier offset within
the 4 preamble bits
low /
middle /
high
carrier offsets of the
4 bit preamble, of
all 10 bit payload
sequences;
maximum drift rate
of all 10 bit payload
sequences at 50 μs
offset
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Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Functional Description – Block Diagram
Hop off off off off
Trigger – – – extern/
Synchronization yes yes yes yes, needed for
packet Type longest supported longest supported longest supported longest supported
Payload PRBS 9 PRBS9 PRBS9 PRBS9
Test Mode loop back loop back TX mode loop back
Operating Mode IQ mode IQ mode IQ mode analyzer zero span
RBW 3 MHz – – 100 kHz
VBW 3 MHz – – 300 kHz
Power supported mini-
Sweep Time one complete
EDR Relative TX
Power
mum/ maximum
packet
EDR Carrier Frequency Stability
and Modulation
Accuracy
supported minimum/ maximum
one complete
packet
EDR Differential
Phase Encoding
supported minimum/ maximum
one complete
packet
EDR In–band Spurious Emissions
IF power
gate adjustment
supported minimum/ maximum
10*79*
gate length
Sweep Count 10 200 blocks 100 10
Trace Mode ClrWr – – Maxh
Detector Aver – – Aver
Frequency in MHz low /
middle /
high
Span – – – 79 MHz
Test cond norm / ext norm / ext norm / ext norm / ext
Results ratio of DPSK and
GFSK power
2.4 Functional Description – Block Diagram
low /
middle /
high
carrier frequency
stability and error
vector magnitude
low /
middle /
high
number of failed
packets
The Adjacent Channel Power and EDR In–band Spurious Emissions measurements
are performed in the "Spectrum Analyzer" mode. For this test case the complete frequency band is scanned using a sequence of zero span measurements.
All other test cases are based on a digital I/Q demodulator which determines the temporal characteristics of power and frequency. The output data of the demodulator are
the basis for calculation of all relevant measurement results like modulation characteristics or output power. The demodulator reaches a maximum in accuracy and tempera-
each channel
channel power of
all channels
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Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Bandwidths
ture stability by sampling the IF signal and converting it digitally down into the base
band (I/Q area).
The measurements are performed by passing the following signal processing steps:
●
LAP (Lower Address Part) trigger detection
●
Resampling
●
Channel filtering
●
Automated packet and bit pattern detection
●
Limit check
●
Parallel display of measurement curves and numeric results on the screen
The Figure 2-1 shows the R&S FSV/FSVA hardware from the IF to the processor. The
analog IF filter is fixed to 20MHz. The A/D converter samples the 20 MHz IF signal with
a sampling frequency of 65.83 MHz.
Low pass filtering is performed after the signal has been down–converted into the complex base band and the data rate is reduced in the sequence. The amount of decimation depends on the selected oversampling factor = points / symbol. The default setting
is 4, resulting in a 4 MHz sampling rate. For EDR–measurements, the oversampling
factor is always fixed to 4. The resulting I/Q data are stored in a memory of 512 k
words for I and Q respectively. The hardware trigger (external or IF power) controls the
memory access.
Figure 2-1: Block diagram of the signal processing architecture of the R&S
2.5 Bandwidths
The Bluetooth RF Specification defines a minimal bandwidth of 3 MHz. The digital
bandwidth depends on the selected oversampling factor (= points / symbol). With the
default setting of 4, the digital bandwidth is 3 MHz. This digital filter has a flat amplitude
characteristics and does not affect the frequency deviation of the signal.
FSV/FSVA
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R&S® FSV-K8
Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Oversampling
2.6 Measurement Filter (Meas Filter On)
The RF Specification allows high distortion power in the first adjacent channels. The 3
MHz filter does not suppress this kind of distortion, which leads to a high interference
in modulation. Therefore a precise measurement of the frequency deviation is not possible.
In order to obtain correct deviation results, the spectrum analyzer supplies an optional
filter with a passband only appropriate for the channel to measure. This filter is used by
default. The Bluetooth spectrum has a bandwidth of 1 MHz. The filter is flat within 1.04
MHz (ripple: only 0.02 dB) and has steep edges. This measurement filter is not
dependent on the selected oversampling factor. As a result the displayed deviation
value is increased by 3.2%, but without the filter the displayed deviation value can
increase dramatically due to interference from adjacent channels. Generally the result
is more precise, if the displayed deviation is lower with filtering than without filtering. In
these cases the inaccuracy caused by the adjacent channel interference is higher than
the systematic inaccuracy caused by the filter.
Figure 2-2: Selection of digital filters
Dashed–dotted curve: Standard filter with 4 points / symbol
Solid curve: Optional measurement filter, independent of the points / symbol setting
2.7 Oversampling
The number of samples per symbol is equivalent to the sampling rate in MHz (due to
the symbol length of 1 µs).
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Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Oversampling
Digital bandwidth
(flat area)
10 MHz 32 32 MHz
8 MHz 16 16 MHz
5 MHz 8 8 MHz
3.0 MHz 4 4 MHz
1.6 MHz 2 2 MHz
Points per Symbol Sampling rate
According to the RF Test Specification an oversampling factor of 4 is required at minimum. For Basic Rate measurements, this oversampling factor can be selected as
oversampling factor in a range from 2 to 32. For EDR–measurements, the oversampling factor is fixed to 4 which is also the default value.
Although possible, a value greater than 4 is not recommended. It increases the measurement time due to the extended calculation effort. Additionally, the resulting bandwidth will be larger than required, which leads to lower measurement accuracy, unless
the optional measurement filter (Meas Filter On) is used as described in Chapter 2.5,
"Bandwidths", on page 16.
The spectrum analyzer uses a timing offset correction in order to move the samples to
the zero trespassing points. As a result there is one sample per symbol time, which is
especially important for a 0101 symbol sequence in order to obtain the precise value
for the peak frequency deviation.
Sampling times before timing offset correction Sampling times after timing offset correction
Advantages of the timing offset correction:
●
No jitter with low sampling rates
●
With one sample per zero, the trespassing point is always a sample in the middle
of the bit length. Therefore the maximum values in the frequency deviation of 0101
bit patterns can be detected precisely also with low sampling rates.
●
The immunity to interference when determining the data bits is improved.
●
Higher suppression of the distortion during peak detection.
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Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Determining Average or Max/Min Values
2.8 Determining Average or Max/Min Values
These functions are very useful in order to obtain more stable results or to find sporadic spurious signals not included in every burst. In many cases the RF Test Specification defines measurements over a 10 burst period.
The number of measurements can be selected using sweep count function, thus
adapting the measurement to the individual requirements. In single sweep mode, the
calculation of average or maximum / minimum values is performed over a well–defined
number of sweeps (= sweep count). Continuous sweep mode yields continuous averaging and calculation of maximum / minimum values over the whole measurement
time.
Modulation measurements
They are performed in the "Clear Write" trace mode. In continuous sweep mode, a
"live" display is obtained, which allows e.g. an instant view of changes during alignment of a DUT. In single sweep mode and with the sweep count set to 10, the spectrum analyzer evaluates 10 bursts as required by the RF Test Specification. This
means that a result is obtained after exactly 10 bursts.
Power measurements
They are performed in the "Maxhold" trace mode in relation with the defined measurement time. The measurement time is selected in order to make sure that always one
complete burst is acquired. In this case, several sweeps are combined to one trace
before this result trace is evaluated.
Impact of the sweep count on the measurement results
Trace Mode Continuous Sweep Single Sweep & Sweep Count
Clear Write All measurement results (min., max.,
average) are updated with every sweep.
The corresponding values are calculated
based on the current curve.
AVG, MaxHold,
MinHold
All measurement results (min., max.,
average) are updated with every sweep.
The corresponding values are calculated
based on the current curve.
The trace is the continuous average
value (AVG) or the extreme value (MaxHold, MinHold) since the start of the
measurement.
Starts a measurement with n sweeps (n =
sweep count).
All measurement results (min., max.,
average) are calculated based on these n
sweeps.
Starts a measurement with n sweeps (n =
sweep count).
n defines the number of sweeps that are
taken into account for the trace math
functions (AVG, MaxHold, MinHold). The
n sweeps result in one trace and the
measurement results (Min, Max, Average) are calculated based on this summarized trace.
The functions described above differ from the detector functions of the instrument:
●
Detectors combine the measurement data obtained by oversampling to one measurement point on the screen. The kind of combination (Max Peak, Min Peak,
Average, RMS) can be selected.
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Introduction to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Trigger Concepts
●
The trace functions affect complete measurement curves: A resulting curve is calculated from several subsequent sweeps. The method of calculation (Average,
Maxhold, Minhold) can be selected here as well.
Thus the detector is the arithmetic rule for how sample data collected with a high data
rate are combined to a measurement point of one individual measurement curve,
whereas the trace mode is the rule of how samples taken from several measurement
curves are to be combined to a new resulting curve.
For the ACP measurement, the "Average" detector is set.
2.9 Trigger Concepts
As the DUT (Device Under Test) uses frequency hopping, a trigger method is necessary for two reasons:
●
A measurement is only possible during the period of time, when there is a TX signal (burst) at the frequency under request.
●
In order to determine the modulation characteristics correctly, a synchronization
with the preamble of the signal must be supplied.
If the "Find Sync" softkey is activated, the synchronization is supplied towards the 64
bit sync word. For this purpose, in a first step a burst is searched automatically within
the RF signal, or, if selected, the external trigger or the IF power trigger are used to
determine the burst position.
In a second step the sync word position is searched by correlation of the signal with
the sync word defined in the initialization phase. The correlation is performed directly
with the FM signal, not with the data bits, which are only available after the phase
shifter has been processed. The find burst process is continued as long as no sync
word is found.
After the position of the sync word has been determined, the position of the p0 bit is
calculated from the average value of all zero trespassing points, as defined in the RF
test specification. Finally the samples are moved in a way that each sample matches
one zero trespassing point (phase shifting).
The only measurement possible without synchronization is the Output Power measurement. The specified measurement time is 20% to 80% of the burst length. Without synchronization the burst length is defined via the –3dB points of the power curve. With
synchronization the burst starts with the p0 bit. Therefore varying measurement results
is possible if the power of the EUT is not constant within the burst.
In order to supply stable synchronization the EUT must be operated in reduced hopping mode. The EUT is only allowed to toggle between two frequencies, because otherwise the repetition time for the same frequency would become higher than the record
length. If the test environment supplies an external trigger that marks the channel to be
measured a synchronization is also possible with normal hopping operation.
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Instrument Functions for Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
3 Instrument Functions for Bluetooth Mea-
surements (K8)
This option provides measurements to test the conformity of signal sources to the
Bluetooth RF Test Specification (Bluetooth SIG).
For background information on Bluetooth measurements refer to Chapter 2, "Introduc-
tion to Bluetooth Measurements (K8)", on page 11.
To open the Bluetooth menu
●
If the "Bluetooth" mode is not the active measurement mode, press the MODE key
and activate the "Bluetooth" option.
If the "Bluetooth" mode is already active, press the MENU key.
The "Bluetooth" menu is displayed.
Menu and softkey description
The following softkey menus are specific to the R&S FSV-K8 option and are described
here:
●
Chapter 3.3, "Softkeys of the Bluetooth Menu", on page 35
●
Chapter 3.4, "Softkeys of the MEAS CONFIG menu", on page 50
●
Chapter 3.7, "Softkeys of the Frequency Menu (option R&S FSV-K8)",
on page 56
●
Chapter 3.5, "Softkeys of the Amplitude Menu (Bluetooth Mode)", on page 50
●
Chapter 3.6, "Softkeys of the Bandwidth Menu (option R&S FSV-K8)",
on page 54
●
Chapter 3.8, "Softkeys of the Sweep Menu (Bluetooth mode)", on page 57
●
Chapter 3.9, "Softkeys of the Trigger Menu (Option R&S FSV-K8)", on page 60
The span menu is not available in the "Bluetooth" mode. All other menus are provided
as described for the base unit. For details refer to the corresponding menu descriptions.
To display help to a softkey, press the HELP key and then the softkey for which you
want to display help. To close the help window, press the ESC key. For further information refer to Chapter 1.3, "How to Use the Help System", on page 8.
Tasks
●
Chapter 3.2, "Adapting the settings to the characteristics of the DUT", on page 34
Measurement settings
Various measurement types are available with the Bluetooth option, see Chapter 3.1,
"Measurement Types and Result Display", on page 23.
The basic parameter settings are described in Chapter 3.2, "Adapting the settings to
the characteristics of the DUT", on page 34. The settings that can be configured indi-
vidually for each measurement are the following:
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Instrument Functions for Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
●
RBW (the IF bandwidth set up for modulation measurements is valid for all measurements)
●
VBW
●
RBW auto mode
●
VBW auto mode
●
trace mode
●
detector
●
sweep count
●
sweep time auto mode
●
sweep time
They are available in the corresponding menus as soon as the corresponding measurement is selected. Changes to these settings are always related to the selected
measurement. The settings defined in the RF Test Specification can thus be modified
individually for development or production. By using the start recall function, the individual configuration of the various tests can be preserved over a preset.
Position of a Bluetooth burst
The RF Test Specification allows different methods to determine the position of a Bluetooth burst:
●
The burst is defined by the p0 bit and the automatically determined packet length
("Find Sync On").
●
The burst is defined by the two 3dB points ("Find Sync Off "and "Find Burst On").
The search of the 3dB points is defined in the RF Test Specification as the alternative method compared with the p0 bit method.
Figure 3-1: Definition of a Bluetooth burst
Labels used in the measurement displays
●
Enhancement label "TDF"
Offset values, set with the "Antenna Gain" softkey, that are larger or smaller than 0 dB
activate the enhancement label "TDF" at the right diagram border.
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Instrument Functions for Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Measurement Types and Result Display
3.1 Measurement Types and Result Display
The Bluetooth Measurements option provides various measurement types. The measurements and the corresponding result display are described in the following chapters. Generally, a diagram and a table with the main results are displayed.
For each measurement, the results are compared to the selected standard. If the
results match the standard, the status is indicated as "Passed". If one of the results
does not match the standard, that value is displayed in red, and the status of the measurement is indicated as "Failed".
3.1.1 Output Power Measurement......................................................................................... 23
3.1.2 Adjacent Channel Power Measurement........................................................................25
3.1.3 Modulation Characteristics Measurement.....................................................................26
3.1.4 Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance Measurement........................................................27
3.1.5 Carrier Frequency Drift Measurement...........................................................................28
3.1.6 Relative Transmit Power (EDR) Measurement............................................................. 29
3.1.7 In–band Spurious Emissions (EDR) measurement.......................................................30
3.1.8 Carrier Frequency Stability and Modulation Accuracy (EDR) measurement................ 32
3.1.9 Differential Phase Encoding (EDR) measurement........................................................33
3.1.1 Output Power Measurement
The Output Power measurement (Output Power softkey) determines the maximum and
average output power during a burst of the equipment under test (EUT). For this purpose a complete packet is recorded in the time domain.
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Instrument Functions for Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Measurement Types and Result Display
Figure 3-2: Output power measurement
The peak value is determined from the complete contents of the measurement trace,
whereas the average power is calculated from an area of at least 20% to 80% of the
burst.
During the Output Power measurement the Bluetooth demodulator is active in order to
determine the sync word within the signal, which is used as the trigger basis later. The
Bluetooth demodulator is placed in a signal path without video filter. This is why the
video filter cannot be activated with the Output Power measurement.
The EUT (equipment under test) must not exceed the following limits according to the
RF Test Specification:
●
PAV < 100 mW (20 dBm) EIRP
●
PPK < 200 mW (23 dBm) EIRP
●
If the EUT conforms to power class 1: PAV > 1 mW (0 dBm)
●
If the EUT conforms to power class 2: 0.25 mW (–6 dBm) < PAV < 2.5 mW ( 4 dBm)
●
If the EUT conforms to power class 3: PAV < 1 mW (0 dBm)
A violation of these limits is marked on the screen in red color.
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Measurement Types and Result Display
Result Summary
The results of the measurement are summarized in a table beneath the diagram. The
summary contains the following results:
●
Packet type
●
Packet length
●
Peak power (current packet value, minimum and average values of all previous
and current packets)
●
Average power (current packet value, minimum and average values of all previous
and current packets)
3.1.2 Adjacent Channel Power Measurement
The measurement of the TX Output Spectrum – Adjacent Channel Power measurement (TX Spec ACLR softkey) measures the power of all adjacent channels.
Figure 3-3: TX Spectrum ACP measurement
The following limits are given by the RF Test Specification:
●
PTX (f) ≤ –20 dBm for |M–N| = 2
●
PTX (f) ≤ –40 dBm for |M–N| ≥ 3
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Measurement Types and Result Display
with M = Transmit channel of the equipment under test, N = adjacent channel to be
measured A violation of these limits is indicated on the screen by red color and an
asterisk (*).
Result Summary
The results of the measurement are summarized in a table beneath the diagram. The
summary contains the following results:
●
Tx channel
●
Number of Exceptions
●
Lower and upper adjacent channel
●
Lower and upper alternate channel
●
Channel power for each channel
3.1.3 Modulation Characteristics Measurement
The measurement of the modulation characteristics (Modulation Char softkey) determines the maximum frequency deviation of all 8 bit sequences of the payload.
Additionally the average value of the maximum frequency deviation of a packet is calculated. Thus, the equipment under test is configured such that packets with bit patterns "11110000" and "10101010" are transmitted alternately. According to the RF Test
Specification this sequence has to be repeated 10 times.
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Measurement Types and Result Display
Figure 3-4: Modulation Characteristics measurement
Result Summary
The results of the measurement are summarized in a table beneath the diagram. The
summary contains the following results:
Label Description
Δf2(max) in range Maximum frequency deviation in range
Frequency Deviation (per bit) Maximum, minimum and average frequency deviation per bit
Average Frequency Deviation (per
packet)
Δf1 (00001111) Frequency deviation for bit pattern "00001111"
Δf2 (01010101) Frequency deviation for bit pattern "01010101"
Δf2/Δf1 Ratio of the frequency deviations of both patterns
3.1.4 Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance Measurement
Minimum and maximum average frequency deviation per packet
The measurement of the Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance (Init Carr Freq Tol softkey)
determines the carrier offset of the four preamble bits. According to the RF Test Speci-
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Measurement Types and Result Display
fication the calculation of the carrier offset is performed from the middle of the first preamble bit to the middle of the bit following the preamble.
With "Clear/Write" trace mode and single sweep operation the selected number of
sweeps is processed and, according to the RF Test Specification, the results of all
sweeps are compared with the defined tolerance. If a different trace mode is selected,
alternatively, the analyzer cancombine several traces and determine the measurement
results from the resulting trace.
Figure 3-5: Initial Carrier Frequency Tolerance measurement
Result Summary
The results of the measurement are summarized in a table beneath the diagram. The
summary contains the following results:
●
Maximum, minimum and average initial carrier frequency tolerance
3.1.5 Carrier Frequency Drift Measurement
The measurement of the Carrier Frequency Drift (Carr Freq Drift softkey) determines
the maximum frequency drift between the average value of the preamble bits and any
10 bit group of the payload. Additionally, the maximum drift rate between all 10 bit
groups in the payload is determined every 50μs.
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Measurement Types and Result Display
With "Clear/Write" trace mode and single sweep operation the selected number of
sweeps is processed and, according to the RF Test Specification, the results of all
sweeps are compared with the defined tolerance. If a different trace mode is selected,
alternatively, the analyzer cancombine several traces and determine the measurement
results from the resulting trace.
Figure 3-6: Carrier Frequency Drift measurement
Result Summary
The results of the measurement are summarized in a table beneath the diagram. The
summary contains the following results:
●
Packet type
●
Packet length in symbols
●
Maximum frequency drfit per packet
●
Maximum drift rate per 50 μs interval
3.1.6 Relative Transmit Power (EDR) Measurement
The measurement of the Relative Transmit Power (Rel TX Power softkey) is an
enhanced data rate measurement (EDR). It determines the average transmission
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Instrument Functions for Bluetooth Measurements (K8)
Measurement Types and Result Display
power of the GFSK and DPSK modulated parts of the signal and calculates the ratio of
those values.
The measurement results must conform to the requirement:
●
(P
– 4dB) < P
GFSK
DPSK
< (P
GFSK
+ 1dB)
Figure 3-7: Relative Transmit Power (EDR) measurement
Result Summary
The results of the measurement are summarized in a table beneath the diagram. The
summary contains the following results:
●
Packet type
●
Packet length in symbols
●
Maximum, minimum and average power of the GFSK modulated part
●
Maximum, minimum and average power of the DFSK modulated part
●
Maximum, minimum and average ratio of the two powers
3.1.7 In–band Spurious Emissions (EDR) measurement
The measurement of the In–band Spurious Emissions (Spurious Emissions softkey) is
an enhanced data rate measurement (EDR). It verifies whether the level of unwanted
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