Rohde&Schwarz R&S®FSQ-K96 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis (PC Software) Manual

Software Manual

OFDM VSA PC Software

R&SFSQ-K96

1308.9570.02

Printed in Germany

Test and Measurement

1308.9629.42-03 1

The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual:
The R&S
The R&S
The R&S
R&S Signal Generator
R&S

®

FSQ-K96 OFDM-VSA is referred to as OFDM-VSA.

®

FSQ signal analyzer is referred to as R&S FSQ.

®

AFQ, AMU, SMATE, SMJ and SMU vector signal generators are referred to as

®

is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.

Trade names are trademarks of the owners.

Basic Safety Instructions

Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions!

All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety
standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety. Our
products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed, built and tested in accordance with the
safety standards that apply in each case. Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by
our quality assurance system. The product described here has been designed, built and tested in
accordance with the attached EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s plant in a
condition fully complying with safety standards. To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation,
you must observe all instructions and warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions
regarding these safety instructions, the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer
them.

Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This product is designed
for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or, if expressly permitted, also in the field and must
not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage. You are responsible if the
product is used for any intention other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer's
instructions. The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product.

The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation
and within its performance limits (see data sheet, documentation, the following safety instructions). Using
the product requires technical skills and a basic knowledge of English. It is therefore essential that only
skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be allowed to use the
product. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz products, this will be indicated at
the appropriate place in the product documentation. Keep the basic safety instructions and the product
documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users.

Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by
dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions
before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety
instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation. In
these safety instructions, the word "product" refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde &
Schwarz group of companies, including instruments, systems and all accessories.

Symbols and safety labels

Notice, general
danger location

Observe product
documentation

ON/OFF supply
voltage

Caution
when
handling
heavy
equipment

Standby
indication

Danger of
electric
shock

Direct current
(DC)

Warning!
Hot surface

Alternating current
(AC)

PE terminal Ground Ground

terminal

Direct/alternating
current (DC/AC)

Device fully protected by
double (reinforced) insulation

Be careful when
handling
electrostatic
sensitive
devices

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 1

Basic Safety Instructions

Tags and their meaning

The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the reader about risks
and dangers.

indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.

indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.

indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or
moderate injury.

indicates the possibility of incorrect operation which can result in damage to
the product.
In the product documentation, the word ATTENTION is used synonymously.

These tags are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European Economic
Area. Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist in other economic areas or
military applications. It is therefore essential to make sure that the tags described here are always used
only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product. The use of tags in
connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation and in personal injury
or material damage.

Operating states and operating positions

The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the
manufacturer, without the product's ventilation being obstructed. If the manufacturer's specifications are
not observed, this can result in electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death. Applicable local
or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work
performed.

1. Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply to Rohde & Schwarz products:
predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing down, IP protection 2X, pollution
severity 2, overvoltage category 2, use only indoors, max. operating altitude 2000 m above sea level,
max. transport altitude 4500 m above sea level. A tolerance of ±10 % shall apply to the nominal
voltage and ±5 % to the nominal frequency.

2. Do not place the product on surfaces, vehicles, cabinets or tables that for reasons of weight or stability
are unsuitable for this purpose. Always follow the manufacturer's installation instructions when
installing the product and fastening it to objects or structures (e.g. walls and shelves). An installation
that is not carried out as described in the product documentation could result in personal injury or
death.

3. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters. The ambient
temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in
the data sheet. Product overheating can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or
death.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 2

Basic Safety Instructions

Electrical safety

If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all to the extent necessary, electric shock,
fire and/or serious personal injury or death may occur.

1. Prior to switching on the product, always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product
matches the nominal voltage of the AC supply network. If a different voltage is to be set, the power

use of the product may have to be changed accordingly.

f

2. In the case of products of safety class I with movable power cord and connector, operation is
permitted only on sockets with an earthing contact and protective earth connection.

3. Intentionally breaking the protective earth connection either in the feed line or in the product itself is
not permitted. Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product. If extension
cords or connector strips are implemented, they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that
they are safe to use.

4. If the product does not have a power switch for disconnection from the AC supply network, the plug of
the connecting cable is regarded as the disconnecting device. In such cases, always ensure that the
power plug is easily reachable and accessible at all times (corresponding to the length of connecting
cable, approx. 2 m). Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing disconnection from
the AC supply network. If products without power switches are integrated into racks or systems, a
disconnecting device must be provided at the system level.

5. Never use the product if the power cable is damaged. Check the power cable on a regular basis to
ensure that it is in proper operating condition. By taking appropriate safety measures and carefully
laying the power cable, you can ensure that the cable will not be damaged and that no one can be
hurt by, for example, tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock.

6. The product may be operated only from TN/TT supply networks fused with max. 16 A (higher fuse
only after consulting with the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies).

7. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty. Insert the plug firmly and all the way into the
socket. Otherwise, sparks that result in fire and/or injuries may occur.

8. Do not overload any sockets, extension cords or connector strips; doing so can cause fire or electric
shocks.

9. For measurements in circuits with voltages V

> 30 V, suitable measures (e.g. appropriate

rms

measuring equipment, fusing, current limiting, electrical separation, insulation) should be taken to
avoid any hazards.

10. Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment, e.g. PCs or other industrial
computers, comply with the IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 or IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1 standards that apply
in each case.

11. Unless expressly permitted, never remove the cover or any part of the housing while the product is in
operation. Doing so will expose circuits and components and can lead to injuries, fire or damage to the
product.

12. If a product is to be permanently installed, the connection between the PE terminal on site and the
product's PE conductor must be made first before any other connection is made. The product may be
installed and connected only by a licensed electrician.

13. For permanently installed equipment without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or similar protective
devices, the supply circuit must be fused in such a way that anyone who has access to the product, as
well as the product itself, is adequately protected from injury or damage.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 3

Basic Safety Instructions

14. Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage (such as that caused by a bolt of
lightning) can reach the product. Otherwise, the person operating the product will be exposed to the
danger of an electric shock.

15. Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must not be used for this
purpose. Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product and/or electric shocks, fire or injuries.

6. Unless specified otherwise, products are not liquid-proof (see also section "Operating states and

1

operating positions", item 1. Therefore, the equipment must be protected against penetration by
liquids. If the necessary precautions are not taken, the user may suffer electric shock or the product
itself may be damaged, which can also lead to personal injury.

17. Never use the product under conditions in which condensation has formed or can form in or on the
product, e.g. if the product has been moved from a cold to a warm environment. Penetration by water
increases the risk of electric shock.

18. Prior to cleaning the product, disconnect it completely from the power supply (e.g. AC supply network
or battery). Use a soft, non-linting cloth to clean the product. Never use chemical cleaning agents such
as alcohol, acetone or diluents for cellulose lacquers.

Operation

1. Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration. Make sure that persons
who use the products are physically, mentally and emotionally fit enough to do so; otherwise, injuries
or material damage may occur. It is the responsibility of the employer/operator to select suitable
personnel for operating the products.

2. Before you move or transport the product, read and observe the section titled "Transport".

3. As with all industrially manufactured goods, the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction
(allergens) such as nickel cannot be generally excluded. If you develop an allergic reaction (such as a
skin rash, frequent sneezing, red eyes or respiratory difficulties) when using a Rohde & Schwarz
product, consult a physician immediately to determine the cause and to prevent health problems or
stress.

4. Before you start processing the product mechanically and/or thermally, or before you take it apart, be
sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled "Waste disposal", item 1.

5. Depending on the function, certain products such as RF radio equipment can produce an elevated
level of electromagnetic radiation. Considering that unborn babies require increased protection,
pregnant women must be protected by appropriate measures. Persons with pacemakers may also be
exposed to risks from electromagnetic radiation. The employer/operator must evaluate workplaces
where there is a special risk of exposure to radiation and, if necessary, take measures to avert the
potential danger.

6. Should a fire occur, the product may release hazardous substances (gases, fluids, etc.) that can
cause health problems. Therefore, suitable measures must be taken, e.g. protective masks and
protective clothing must be worn.

7. If a laser product (e.g. a CD/DVD drive) is integrated into a Rohde & Schwarz product, absolutely no
other settings or functions may be used as described in the product documentation. The objective is to
prevent personal injury (e.g. due to laser beams).

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 4

Basic Safety Instructions

Repair and service

1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel. Before any work is
performed on the product or before the product is opened, it must be disconnected from the AC supply
network. Otherwise, personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock.

2. Adjustments, replacement of parts, maintenance and repair may be performed only by electrical

xperts authorized by Rohde & Schwarz. Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant

e
to safety (e.g. power switches, power transformers, fuses). A safety test must always be performed
after parts relevant to safety have been replaced (visual inspection, PE conductor test, insulation
resistance measurement, leakage current measurement, functional test). This helps ensure the
continued safety of the product.

Batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells

If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells is not observed either at all or to the
extent necessary, product users may be exposed to the risk of explosions, fire and/or serious personal
injury, and, in some cases, death. Batteries and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes (e.g.
lithium cells) must be handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard.

1. Cells must not be taken apart or crushed.

2. Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire. Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided.
Keep cells and batteries clean and dry. Clean soiled connectors using a dry, clean cloth.

3. Cells or batteries must not be short-circuited. Cells or batteries must not be stored in a box or in a
drawer where they can short-circuit each other, or where they can be short-circuited by other
conductive materials. Cells and batteries must not be removed from their original packaging until they
are ready to be used.

4. Keep cells and batteries out of the hands of children. If a cell or a battery has been swallowed, seek
medical aid immediately.

5. Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted.

6. If a cell develops a leak, the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes. If
contact occurs, wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid.

7. Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells)
can cause explosions. Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see
parts list) in order to ensure the safety of the product.

8. Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste. Rechargeable batteries
and normal batteries that contain lead, mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste. Observe the
national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling.

Transport

1. The product may be very heavy. Therefore, the product must be handled with care. In some cases,
the user may require a suitable means of lifting or moving the product (e.g. with a lift-truck) to avoid
back or other physical injuries.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 5

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

2. Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product. It is
therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as
cranes, fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the
means of transport or lifting. Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of
transport or lifting. Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material damage.

3. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive the vehicle safely
and properly. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for accidents or collisions. Never use the
product in a moving vehicle if doing so could distract the driver of the vehicle. Adequately secure the
product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident.

Waste disposal

1. If products or their components are mechanically and/or thermally processed in a manner that goes
beyond their intended use, hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust such as lead, beryllium, nickel)
may be released. For this reason, the product may only be disassembled by specially trained
personnel. Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health. National waste disposal
regulations must be observed.

2. If handling the product releases hazardous substances or fuels that must be disposed of in a special
way, e.g. coolants or engine oils that must be replenished regularly, the safety instructions of the
manufacturer of the hazardous substances or fuels and the applicable regional waste disposal
regulations must be observed. Also observe the relevant safety instructions in the product
documentation. The improper disposal of hazardous substances or fuels can cause health problems
and lead to environmental damage.

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

Es imprescindible leer y observar las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad!

El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al día
con los estándares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el máximo grado de seguridad. Nuestros
productos y todos los equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados según las normas de
seguridad vigentes. Nuestro sistema de garantía de calidad controla constantemente que sean cumplidas
estas normas. El presente producto ha sido fabricado y examinado según el certificado de conformidad
adjunto de la UE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado impecable según los estándares técnicos de
seguridad. Para poder preservar este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento libre de peligros, el usuario
deberá atenerse a todas las indicaciones, informaciones de seguridad y notas de alerta. El grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz está siempre a su disposición en caso de que tengan preguntas referentes a
estas informaciones de seguridad.

Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto
está destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o, si ha sido expresamente
autorizado, para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deberá ser utilizado de modo que alguna
persona/cosa pueda sufrir daño. El uso del producto fuera de sus fines definidos o sin tener en cuenta las
instrucciones del fabricante queda en la responsabilidad del usuario. El fabricante no se hace en ninguna
forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del producto.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 6

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado conforme a las
indicaciones de la correspondiente documentación del producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento
definido (ver hoja de datos, documentación, informaciones de seguridad que siguen). El uso del producto
hace necesarios conocimientos técnicos y ciertos conocimientos del idioma inglés. Por eso se debe tener
en cuenta que el producto solo pueda ser operado por personal especializado o personas instruidas en
profundidad con las capacidades correspondientes. Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de seguridad para el

so de productos de Rohde & Schwarz, encontraría la información debida en la documentación del

u
producto en el capítulo correspondiente. Guarde bien las informaciones de seguridad elementales, así
como la documentación del producto, y entréguelas a usuarios posteriores.

Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para evitar en lo posible lesiones o daños por
peligros de toda clase. Por eso es imprescindible leer detalladamente y comprender por completo las
siguientes informaciones de seguridad antes de usar el producto, y respetarlas durante el uso del
producto. Deberán tenerse en cuenta todas las demás informaciones de seguridad, como p. ej. las
referentes a la protección de personas, que encontrarán en el capítulo correspondiente de la
documentación del producto y que también son de obligado cumplimiento. En las presentes
informaciones de seguridad se recogen todos los objetos que distribuye el grupo de empresas
Rohde & Schwarz bajo la denominación de "producto", entre ellos también aparatos, instalaciones así
como toda clase de accesorios.

Símbolos y definiciones de seguridad

Aviso: punto de
peligro general

Observar la
documentación
del producto

Tensión de
alimentación de
PUESTA EN
MARCHA /
PARADA

Atención en
el manejo de
dispositivos
de peso
elevado

Indicación de
estado de
espera
(Standby)

Peligro de
choque
eléctrico

Corriente
continua (DC)

Adver­tencia:
superficie
caliente

Conexión a
conductor de
protección

Corriente alterna
(AC)

Conexión
a tierra

Corriente
continua /
Corriente alterna
(DC/AC)

Conexión
a masa

El aparato está protegido
en su totalidad por un
aislamiento doble
(reforzado)

Aviso: Cuidado
en el manejo de
dispositivos
sensibles a la
electrostática
(ESD)

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 7

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

Palabras de señal y su significado

En la documentación del producto se utilizan las siguientes palabras de señal con el fin de advertir contra
riesgos y peligros.

PELIGRO identifica un peligro inminente con riesgo elevado que
provocará muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita.

ADVERTENCIA identifica un posible peligro con riesgo medio de
provocar muerte o lesiones (graves) si no se evita.

ATENCIÓN identifica un peligro con riesgo reducido de provocar
lesiones leves o moderadas si no se evita.

AVISO indica la posibilidad de utilizar mal el producto y, como
consecuencia, dañarlo.
En la documentación del producto se emplea de forma sinónima el
término CUIDADO.

Las palabras de señal corresponden a la definición habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el área
económica europea. Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definición en otras áreas económicas o
en aplicaciones militares. Por eso se deberá tener en cuenta que las palabras de señal aquí descritas
sean utilizadas siempre solamente en combinación con la correspondiente documentación del producto y
solamente en combinación con el producto correspondiente. La utilización de las palabras de señal en
combinación con productos o documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a interpretaciones
equivocadas y tener por consecuencia daños en personas u objetos.

Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento

El producto solamente debe ser utilizado según lo indicado por el fabricante respecto a los estados
operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la ventilación. Si no se siguen las
indicaciones del fabricante, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con
posible consecuencia de muerte. En todos los trabajos deberán ser tenidas en cuenta las normas
nacionales y locales de seguridad del trabajo y de prevención de accidentes.

1. Si no se convino de otra manera, es para los productos Rohde & Schwarz válido lo que sigue:
como posición de funcionamiento se define por principio la posición con el suelo de la caja para
abajo, modo de protección IP 2X, grado de suciedad 2, categoría de sobrecarga eléctrica 2, uso
solamente en estancias interiores, utilización hasta 2000 m sobre el nivel del mar, transporte hasta
4500 m sobre el nivel del mar. Se aplicará una tolerancia de ±10 % sobre el voltaje nominal y de
±5 % sobre la frecuencia nominal.

2. No sitúe el producto encima de superficies, vehículos, estantes o mesas, que por sus características
de peso o de estabilidad no sean aptos para él. Siga siempre las instrucciones de instalación del
fabricante cuando instale y asegure el producto en objetos o estructuras (p. ej. paredes y estantes). Si
se realiza la instalación de modo distinto al indicado en la documentación del producto, pueden
causarse lesiones o incluso la muerte.

3. No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que generen calor (p. ej. radiadores o calefactores). La
temperatura ambiente no debe superar la temperatura máxima especificada en la documentación del
producto o en la hoja de datos. En caso de sobrecalentamiento del producto, pueden producirse
choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 8

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

Seguridad eléctrica

Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones del fabricante en cuanto a seguridad
eléctrica, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia
de muerte.

1. Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto se deberá comprobar siempre que la tensión

reseleccionada en el producto coincida con la de la red de alimentación eléctrica. Si es necesario

p
modificar el ajuste de tensión, también se deberán cambiar en caso dado los fusibles
correspondientes del producto.

2. Los productos de la clase de protección I con alimentación móvil y enchufe individual solamente
podrán enchufarse a tomas de corriente con contacto de seguridad y con conductor de protección
conectado.

3. Queda prohibida la interrupción intencionada del conductor de protección, tanto en la toma de
corriente como en el mismo producto. La interrupción puede tener como consecuencia el riesgo de
que el producto sea fuente de choques eléctricos. Si se utilizan cables alargadores o regletas de
enchufe, deberá garantizarse la realización de un examen regular de los mismos en cuanto a su
estado técnico de seguridad.

4. Si el producto no está equipado con un interruptor para desconectarlo de la red, se deberá considerar
el enchufe del cable de conexión como interruptor. En estos casos se deberá asegurar que el enchufe
siempre sea de fácil acceso (de acuerdo con la longitud del cable de conexión, aproximadamente
2 m). Los interruptores de función o electrónicos no son aptos para el corte de la red eléctrica. Si los
productos sin interruptor están integrados en bastidores o instalaciones, se deberá colocar el
interruptor en el nivel de la instalación.

5. No utilice nunca el producto si está dañado el cable de conexión a red. Compruebe regularmente el
correcto estado de los cables de conexión a red. Asegúrese, mediante las medidas de protección y
de instalación adecuadas, de que el cable de conexión a red no pueda ser dañado o de que nadie
pueda ser dañado por él, p. ej. al tropezar o por un choque eléctrico.

6. Solamente está permitido el funcionamiento en redes de alimentación TN/TT aseguradas con fusibles
de 16 A como máximo (utilización de fusibles de mayor amperaje solo previa consulta con el grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz).

7. Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de corriente sucias o llenas de polvo. Introduzca el enchufe por
completo y fuertemente en la toma de corriente. La no observación de estas medidas puede provocar
chispas, fuego y/o lesiones.

8. No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente, los cables alargadores o las regletas de enchufe ya que esto
podría causar fuego o choques eléctricos.

9. En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente con una tensión U

> 30 V se deberán tomar las medidas

eff

apropiadas para impedir cualquier peligro (p. ej. medios de medición adecuados, seguros, limitación
de tensión, corte protector, aislamiento etc.).

10. Para la conexión con dispositivos informáticos como un PC o un ordenador industrial, debe
comprobarse que éstos cumplan los estándares IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 o IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1
válidos en cada caso.

11. A menos que esté permitido expresamente, no retire nunca la tapa ni componentes de la carcasa
mientras el producto esté en servicio. Esto pone a descubierto los cables y componentes eléctricos y
puede causar lesiones, fuego o daños en el producto.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 9

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

12. Si un producto se instala en un lugar fijo, se deberá primero conectar el conductor de protección fijo
con el conductor de protección del producto antes de hacer cualquier otra conexión. La instalación y
la conexión deberán ser efectuadas por un electricista especializado.

13. En el caso de dispositivos fijos que no estén provistos de fusibles, interruptor automático ni otros
mecanismos de seguridad similares, el circuito de alimentación debe estar protegido de modo que
todas las personas que puedan acceder al producto, así como el producto mismo, estén a salvo de
posibles daños.

14. Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensión (debida p. ej. a una caída del rayo) mediante
los correspondientes sistemas de protección. Si no, el personal que lo utilice quedará expuesto al
peligro de choque eléctrico.

15. No debe introducirse en los orificios de la caja del aparato ningún objeto que no esté destinado a ello.
Esto puede producir cortocircuitos en el producto y/o puede causar choques eléctricos, fuego o
lesiones.

16. Salvo indicación contraria, los productos no están impermeabilizados (ver también el capítulo
"Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento", punto 1). Por eso es necesario tomar las
medidas necesarias para evitar la entrada de líquidos. En caso contrario, existe peligro de choque
eléctrico para el usuario o de daños en el producto, que también pueden redundar en peligro para las
personas.

17. No utilice el producto en condiciones en las que pueda producirse o ya se hayan producido
condensaciones sobre el producto o en el interior de éste, como p. ej. al desplazarlo de un lugar frío a
otro caliente. La entrada de agua aumenta el riesgo de choque eléctrico.

18. Antes de la limpieza, desconecte por completo el producto de la alimentación de tensión (p. ej. red de
alimentación o batería). Realice la limpieza de los aparatos con un paño suave, que no se deshilache.
No utilice bajo ningún concepto productos de limpieza químicos como alcohol, acetona o diluyentes
para lacas nitrocelulósicas.

Funcionamiento

1. El uso del producto requiere instrucciones especiales y una alta concentración durante el manejo.
Debe asegurarse que las personas que manejen el producto estén a la altura de los requerimientos
necesarios en cuanto a aptitudes físicas, psíquicas y emocionales, ya que de otra manera no se
pueden excluir lesiones o daños de objetos. El empresario u operador es responsable de seleccionar
el personal usuario apto para el manejo del producto.

2. Antes de desplazar o transportar el producto, lea y tenga en cuenta el capítulo "Transporte".

3. Como con todo producto de fabricación industrial no puede quedar excluida en general la posibilidad
de que se produzcan alergias provocadas por algunos materiales empleados, los llamados alérgenos
(p. ej. el níquel). Si durante el manejo de productos Rohde & Schwarz se producen reacciones
alérgicas, como p. ej. irritaciones cutáneas, estornudos continuos, enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva o
dificultades respiratorias, debe avisarse inmediatamente a un médico para investigar las causas y
evitar cualquier molestia o daño a la salud.

4. Antes de la manipulación mecánica y/o térmica o el desmontaje del producto, debe tenerse en cuenta
imprescindiblemente el capítulo "Eliminación", punto 1.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 10

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

5. Ciertos productos, como p. ej. las instalaciones de radiocomunicación RF, pueden a causa de su
función natural, emitir una radiación electromagnética aumentada. Deben tomarse todas las medidas
necesarias para la protección de las mujeres embarazadas. También las personas con marcapasos
pueden correr peligro a causa de la radiación electromagnética. El empresario/operador tiene la
obligación de evaluar y señalizar las áreas de trabajo en las que exista un riesgo elevado de
exposición a radiaciones.

6. Tenga en cuenta que en caso de incendio pueden desprenderse del producto sustancias tóxicas
(gases, líquidos etc.) que pueden generar daños a la salud. Por eso, en caso de incendio deben
usarse medidas adecuadas, como p. ej. máscaras antigás e indumentaria de protección.

7. En caso de que un producto Rohde & Schwarz contenga un producto láser (p. ej. un lector de
CD/DVD), no debe usarse ninguna otra configuración o función aparte de las descritas en la
documentación del producto, a fin de evitar lesiones (p. ej. debidas a irradiación láser).

Reparación y mantenimiento

1. El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con autorización para ello. Antes
de manipular el producto o abrirlo, es obligatorio desconectarlo de la tensión de alimentación, para
evitar toda posibilidad de choque eléctrico.

2. El ajuste, el cambio de partes, el mantenimiento y la reparación deberán ser efectuadas solamente
por electricistas autorizados por Rohde & Schwarz. Si se reponen partes con importancia para los
aspectos de seguridad (p. ej. el enchufe, los transformadores o los fusibles), solamente podrán ser
sustituidos por partes originales. Después de cada cambio de partes relevantes para la seguridad
deberá realizarse un control de seguridad (control a primera vista, control del conductor de
protección, medición de resistencia de aislamiento, medición de la corriente de fuga, control de
funcionamiento). Con esto queda garantizada la seguridad del producto.

Baterías y acumuladores o celdas

Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones en cuanto a las baterías y
acumuladores o celdas, pueden producirse explosiones, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible
consecuencia de muerte. El manejo de baterías y acumuladores con electrolitos alcalinos (p. ej. celdas de
litio) debe seguir el estándar EN 62133.

1. No deben desmontarse, abrirse ni triturarse las celdas.

2. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a calor ni fuego. Debe evitarse el almacenamiento a la luz
directa del sol. Las celdas y baterías deben mantenerse limpias y secas. Limpiar las conexiones
sucias con un paño seco y limpio.

3. Las celdas o baterías no deben cortocircuitarse. Es peligroso almacenar las celdas o baterías en
estuches o cajones en cuyo interior puedan cortocircuitarse por contacto recíproco o por contacto con
otros materiales conductores. No deben extraerse las celdas o baterías de sus embalajes originales
hasta el momento en que vayan a utilizarse.

4. Mantener baterías y celdas fuera del alcance de los niños. En caso de ingestión de una celda o
batería, avisar inmediatamente a un médico.

5. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a impactos mecánicos fuertes indebidos.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 11

Informaciones elementales de seguridad

6. En caso de falta de estanqueidad de una celda, el líquido vertido no debe entrar en contacto con la
piel ni los ojos. Si se produce contacto, lavar con agua abundante la zona afectada y avisar a un
médico.

7. En caso de cambio o recarga inadecuados, las celdas o baterías que contienen electrolitos alcalinos
(p. ej. las celdas de litio) pueden explotar. Para garantizar la seguridad del producto, las celdas o
baterías solo deben ser sustituidas por el tipo Rohde & Schwarz correspondiente (ver lista de
recambios).

8. Las baterías y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura doméstica. Las baterías o
acumuladores que contienen plomo, mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales.
Respete en esta relación las normas nacionales de eliminación y reciclaje.

Transporte

1. El producto puede tener un peso elevado. Por eso es necesario desplazarlo o transportarlo con
precaución y, si es necesario, usando un sistema de elevación adecuado (p. ej. una carretilla
elevadora), a fin de evitar lesiones en la espalda u otros daños personales.

2. Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven solamente de ayuda para el transporte del producto por
personas. Por eso no está permitido utilizar las asas para la sujeción en o sobre medios de transporte
como p. ej. grúas, carretillas elevadoras de horquilla, carros etc. Es responsabilidad suya fijar los
productos de manera segura a los medios de transporte o elevación. Para evitar daños personales o
daños en el producto, siga las instrucciones de seguridad del fabricante del medio de transporte o
elevación utilizado.

3. Si se utiliza el producto dentro de un vehículo, recae de manera exclusiva en el conductor la
responsabilidad de conducir el vehículo de manera segura y adecuada. El fabricante no asumirá
ninguna responsabilidad por accidentes o colisiones. No utilice nunca el producto dentro de un
vehículo en movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al conductor. Asegure el producto dentro del vehículo
debidamente para evitar, en caso de un accidente, lesiones u otra clase de daños.

Eliminación

1. Si se trabaja de manera mecánica y/o térmica cualquier producto o componente más allá del
funcionamiento previsto, pueden liberarse sustancias peligrosas (polvos con contenido de metales
pesados como p. ej. plomo, berilio o níquel). Por eso el producto solo debe ser desmontado por
personal especializado con formación adecuada. Un desmontaje inadecuado puede ocasionar daños
para la salud. Se deben tener en cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes a la eliminación de
residuos.

2. En caso de que durante el trato del producto se formen sustancias peligrosas o combustibles que
deban tratarse como residuos especiales (p. ej. refrigerantes o aceites de motor con intervalos de
cambio definidos), deben tenerse en cuenta las indicaciones de seguridad del fabricante de dichas
sustancias y las normas regionales de eliminación de residuos. Tenga en cuenta también en caso
necesario las indicaciones de seguridad especiales contenidas en la documentación del producto. La
eliminación incorrecta de sustancias peligrosas o combustibles puede causar daños a la salud o
daños al medio ambiente.

1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 12

Sicherheitshinweise

disposed of at a

Después de la vida útil, la batería sólo se podrá eliminar en

Kundeninformation zur Batterieverordnung (BattV)

Dieses Gerät enthält eine schadstoffhaltige Batterie. Diese
darf nicht mit dem Hausmüll entsorgt werden.

Nach Ende der Lebensdauer darf die Entsorgung nur über
eine Rohde&Schwarz-Kundendienststelle oder eine geeig­nete Sammelstelle erfolgen.

Safety Regulations for Batteries
(according to BattV)

This equipment houses a battery containing harmful sub­stances that must not be disposed of as normal household
waste.

After its useful life, the battery may only be
Rohde & Schwarz service center or at a suitable depot.

Normas de Seguridad para Baterías
(Según BattV)

Este equipo lleva una batería que contiene sustancias per­judiciales, que no se debe desechar en los contenedores
de basura domésticos.

un centro de servicio de Rohde & Schwarz o en un
depósito apropiado.

Consignes de sécurité pour batteries
(selon BattV)

Cet appareil est équipé d'une pile comprenant des sub­stances nocives. Ne jamais la jeter dans une poubelle pour
ordures ménagéres.

Une pile usagée doit uniquement être éliminée par un cen­tre de service client de Rohde & Schwarz ou peut être col­lectée pour être traitée spécialement comme déchets dan­gereux.

1171.0300.41 D/E/ESP/F-2

Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal

The German Electrical and Electronic Equipment (ElektroG) Act is an implementation of
the following EC directives:

2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and

•

•

2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in
e

lectrical and electronic equipment (RoHS).

Product labeling in accordance with EN 50419

Once the lifetime of a product has ended, this product must not be disposed of
in the standard domestic refuse. Even disposal via the municipal collection
points for waste electrical and electronic equipment is not permitted.

Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG has developed a disposal concept for the
environmental-friendly

as

obligation
in accordance with the ElektroG Act.

Please contact your local service representative to dispose of the product.

a producer to take back and dispose of electrical and electronic waste

disposal or recycling of waste material and fully assumes its

1171.0200.52-01.01

Qualitätszertikat

Certied Quality System

ISO 9001

Certicate of quality
Certicat de qualité

Sehr geehrter Kunde,

Sie haben sich für den Kauf eines
Rohde & Schwarz-Produktes ent­schieden. Hiermit erhalten Sie ein
nach modernsten Fertigungsmethoden
hergestelltes Produkt. Es wurde nach
den Regeln unseres Qualitätsmanage­mentsystems entwickelt, gefertigt
und geprüft. Das Rohde & Schwarz­Qualitätsmanagementsystem ist u.a.
nach ISO 9001 und ISO 14001

zertiziert.

Der Umwelt verpflichtet

J

Energie-efziente,
RoHS-konforme Produkte

J

Kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung
nachhaltiger Umweltkonzepte

J

ISO 14001-zertiziertes
Umweltmanagementsystem

Dear Customer,

You have decided to buy a
Rohde & Schwarz product. You are
thus assured of receiving a product
that is manufactured using the most
modern methods available. This
product was developed, manufactured
and tested in compliance with our
quality management system stan­dards. The Rohde & Schwarz quality

management system is certied

according to standards such as
ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.

Environmental commitment

J

Energy-efcient products

Continuous improvement in J
environmental sustainability

J

ISO 14001-certied environmental

management system

Certied Environmental System

ISO 14001

Cher client,

Vous avez choisi d’acheter un pro­duit Rohde & Schwarz. Vous disposez
donc d’un produit fabriqué d’après les
méthodes les plus avancées. Le déve­loppement, la fabrication et les tests
respectent nos normes de gestion
qualité. Le système de gestion qualité
de Rohde & Schwarz a été homologué,
entre autres, conformément aux nor­mes ISO 9001 et ISO 14001.

Engagement écologique

J

Produits à efcience énergétique

Amélioration continue de la durabilité J
environnementale

J

Système de gestion de l’environne-

ment certié selon ISO 14001

1171.0200.11 V 04.01

Customer Support

Technical support – where and when you need it

For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support
Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a
solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz
equipment.

Up-to-date information and upgrades

To keep your instrument up-to-date and to be informed about new application notes related to your
instrument, please send an e-mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish.
We will take care that you will get the right information.

USA & Canada

East Asia

Rest of the World

Monday to Friday (except US public holidays)
8:00 AM – 8:00 PM Eastern Standard Time (EST)

Tel. from USA 888-test-rsa (888-837-8772) (opt 2)
From outside USA [phone] (opt 2)
Fax [phone]

E-mail [e-mail]

Monday to Friday (except Singaporean public holidays)
8:30 AM – 6:00 PM Singapore Time (SGT)

Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]

E-mail [e-mail]

Monday to Friday (except German public holidays)
08:00 – 17:00 Central European Time (CET)

Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]

E-mail [e-mail]

1171.0200.22-04.00

12

Address List

Headquarters, Plants and Subsidiaries

Headquarters

ROHDE& SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstraße 15 · D-81671 München
P.O.Box 80 14 69 · D-81614 München

Plants

ROHDE& SCHWARZ Messgerätebau GmbH
Riedbachstraße 58 · D-87700 Memmingen
P.O.Box 16 52 · D-87686 Memmingen

ROHDE& SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG
Werk Teisnach
Kaikenrieder Straße 27 · D-94244 Teisnach
P.O.Box 11 49 · D-94240 Teisnach

ROHDE& SCHWARZ závod
Vimperk, s.r.o.
Location Spidrova 49
CZ-38501 Vimperk

ROHDE& SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG
Dienstleistungszentrum Köln
Graf-Zeppelin-Straße 18 · D-51147 Köln
P.O.Box 98 02 60 · D-51130 Köln

Subsidiaries

R&S BICK Mobilfunk GmbH
Fritz-Hahne-Str. 7 · D-31848 Bad Münder
P.O.Box 20 02 · D-31844 Bad Münder

ROHDE& SCHWARZ FTK GmbH
Wendenschloßstraße 168, Haus 28
D-12557 Berlin

ROHDE& SCHWARZ SIT GmbH
Am Studio 3
D-12489 Berlin

R&S Systems GmbH
Graf-Zeppelin-Straße 18
D-51147 Köln

GEDIS GmbH
Sophienblatt 100
D-24114 Kiel

HAMEG Instruments GmbH
Industriestraße 6
D-63533 Mainhausen

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

[e-mail]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Phone [phone]

[phone]

Fax [phone]

Fax [phone]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

Fax [phone]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Locations Worldwide

Please refer to our homepage: www.rohde-schwarz.com

◆ Sales Locations

◆ Service Locations

◆ National Websites

12

1171.0200.42-02.00

R&S FSQ-K96 Contents

Contents

1 General Information ............................................................................................... 7

Introduction 9 OFDM............................................................................................................................................7

OFDM Parameterization......................................................................................................................................8

Time Domain Description ............................................................................................................8

Frequency Domain Description...................................................................................................9

Structure Matrix.................................................................................................................9

Pilot Matrix ......................................................................................................................10

Constellation Vector........................................................................................................10

Preamble Description ................................................................................................................11

2 Installation and Test Setup.................................................................................. 12

Software Installation ...........................................................................................................................................12

Connection to the Instrument ............................................................................................................................12

Configuration Settings ...............................................................................................................12

How to Obtain the GPIB or LAN Address in the R&S FSQ Instrument ..........................13

Operating the software.......................................................................................................................................16

Starting the software .................................................................................................................16

Quick start guide .................................................................................................................................................17

Setting up the generator............................................................................................................17

Setting up the measurement .....................................................................................................18

General setup (frequency, level, etc)..............................................................................18

Demodulation setup (System configuration and demodulation control) .........................19

Performing the measurement ...................................................................................................20

3 Operating the Software........................................................................................ 21

Measurements ....................................................................................................................................................21

Numerical results ......................................................................................................................21

Graphical results .......................................................................................................................21

Softkey menu ......................................................................................................................................................23

Performing measurements ................................................................................................................................24

Running the measurement........................................................................................................24

Events during a measurement ..................................................................................................24

Measurement header table .......................................................................................................24

Evaluating the results .........................................................................................................................................25

Operating the graph ..................................................................................................................25

Context menu (Zoom, Pan, Copy Image to Clipboard, Show Data Points)....................25

Arrows indicating data out of display range ....................................................................25

I/Q measurements.....................................................................................................................26

Power vs. Symbol X Carrier............................................................................................26

Power vs. Carrier ............................................................................................................27

Power vs. Symbol...........................................................................................................28

Capture Buffer.................................................................................................................29

Power Spectrum .............................................................................................................30

EVM vs. Symbol X Carrier ..............................................................................................31

EVM vs. Carrier...............................................................................................................32

1308.9629.42 3 E-3

Contents R&S FSQ-K96

EVM vs. Symbol..............................................................................................................33

rror Freq. / Phase .........................................................................................................34

E

Channel Flatness ............................................................................................................35

Group Delay ....................................................................................................................36

Channel Impulse Response............................................................................................37

Constellation Diagram.....................................................................................................38

Constellation vs. Carrier..................................................................................................39

onstellation vs. Symbol ................................................................................................40

C

Constellation SELECTION..............................................................................................41

CCDF (complementary cumulative distribution function) ...............................................41

Signal Flow .....................................................................................................................42

Demodulation Report......................................................................................................43

Result summary ..................................................................................................................................................44

Automatic level detection ..........................................................................................................44

General settings ..................................................................................................................................................45

Data Capture Settings...............................................................................................................46

Frequency .......................................................................................................................46

Sampling Rate ................................................................................................................46

Capture Time ..................................................................................................................46

Level Settings............................................................................................................................46

Reference Level ..............................................................................................................46

External Attenuation........................................................................................................46

Trigger Settings .........................................................................................................................47

Trigger Mode...................................................................................................................47

Trigger Offset ..................................................................................................................47

Trigger Level ...................................................................................................................47

Input Settings ............................................................................................................................48

Input Path........................................................................................................................48

Channel Filter..................................................................................................................48

Bandwidth 6 dB...............................................................................................................48

Filter Order ......................................................................................................................48

Analog Baseband Settings........................................................................................................49

Input Impedance .............................................................................................................49

Balanced .........................................................................................................................49

Lowpass ..........................................................................................................................49

Dither...............................................................................................................................50

Digital IQ Settings .....................................................................................................................50

Digital Input Sampling Rate ............................................................................................50

Full Scale Voltage...........................................................................................................50

Level Settings Advanced...........................................................................................................51

Auto Level Track Time....................................................................................................51

RF Attenuation ................................................................................................................51

El. Attenuation.................................................................................................................51

YIG Filter .........................................................................................................................51

Measurement settings........................................................................................................................................52

Units ..........................................................................................................................................52

EVM ................................................................................................................................52

Symbol Axes...................................................................................................................52

Carrier Axes ....................................................................................................................52

Time Axes .......................................................................................................................52

Frequency Axes ..............................................................................................................53

Error Freq. / Phase....................................................................................................................53

Number of Settling Symbols ...........................................................................................53

1308.9629.42 4 E-3

R&S FSQ-K96 Contents

Demodulation settings........................................................................................................................................54

System Configuration................................................................................................................54

Manual Configuration......................................................................................................54

Configuration File ............................................................................................................54

FDM Symbol Characteristics..................................................................................................55

O

FFT Length .....................................................................................................................55

Cyclic Prefix Length ........................................................................................................55

Preamble Symbol Characteristics.............................................................................................55

Block Length ...................................................................................................................55

Frame Offset ...................................................................................................................55

Frame Characteristics ...............................................................................................................56

Frame Length..................................................................................................................56

General Settings .......................................................................................................................57

Burst Search ...................................................................................................................57

Maximum Frames to Analyze .........................................................................................57

Number of Symbols per Frame.......................................................................................57

Synchronization Settings...........................................................................................................57

Time Synchronization .....................................................................................................57

Frequency Synchronization ............................................................................................57

Modulation Detection ......................................................................................................57

Compensation Settings .............................................................................................................58

Phase Tracking ...............................................................................................................58

Timing Tracking ..............................................................................................................58

Level Tracking.................................................................................................................58

Channel Compensation ..................................................................................................58

Advanced Settings ....................................................................................................................58

FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length........................................................................58

Maximum Carrier Offset..................................................................................................58

Swap IQ ..........................................................................................................................58

Display settings...................................................................................................................................................59

File management ................................................................................................................................................60

Software Setup....................................................................................................................................................61

Configure Analyzer Connection ................................................................................................62

Data Source (Instrument or File)...............................................................................................62

Configure Software ...................................................................................................................63

Show Logging ...........................................................................................................................63

System Info ...............................................................................................................................64

4 Import and Export of Data ................................................................................... 65

I/Q data.................................................................................................................................................................65

Demodulation data..............................................................................................................................................66

Limits ....................................................................................................................................................................67

5 System Configuration File................................................................................... 68

Configuration file format .....................................................................................................................................68

OFDM System class...........................................................................................................................................69

6 Measurements in Detail ....................................................................................... 70

Signal processing................................................................................................................................................70

1308.9629.42 5 E-3

Contents R&S FSQ-K96

Data capturing ...........................................................................................................................70

Channel filter .............................................................................................................................71

OFDM-VSA measurement application......................................................................................72

Synchronization Block.....................................................................................................72

ilot Aided Block.............................................................................................................73

P

Data Aided Block ............................................................................................................73

Measurement Block ........................................................................................................73

Measurement result definitions .........................................................................................................................74

Error vector magnitude (EVM) ..................................................................................................74

IQ Impairments..........................................................................................................................74

7 Remote Control .................................................................................................... 75

Enabling Remote Control...................................................................................................................................75

Description of commands ..................................................................................................................................75

Notation .....................................................................................................................................75

Common Commands .........................................................................................................................................77

CALCulate Subsystem.......................................................................................................................................78

CONFigure Subsystem......................................................................................................................................79

DISPlay Subsystem............................................................................................................................................81

FETCh Subsystem .............................................................................................................................................83

FORMat Subsystem...........................................................................................................................................86

HCOPy Subsystem ............................................................................................................................................87

INITiate Subsystem ............................................................................................................................................88

INPut Subsystem................................................................................................................................................89

MMEMory Subsystem........................................................................................................................................92

SENSe Subsystem.............................................................................................................................................93

TRACe Subsystem.............................................................................................................................................97

TRIGger Subsystem.........................................................................................................................................100

UNIT Subsystem...............................................................................................................................................102

Softkeys with assignment of IEC/IEEE bus commands...............................................................................104

Hardkey MAIN.........................................................................................................................104

Hardkey SETUP......................................................................................................................105

Hardkey FILE ..........................................................................................................................105

Hardkey DISPLAY ...................................................................................................................106

Hardkey PRESET ...................................................................................................................106

8 Glossary.............................................................................................................. 107

9 Troubleshooting................................................................................................. 108

General errors ...................................................................................................................................................108

Using the signal flow diagram..........................................................................................................................109

10 Index.................................................................................................................... 110

1308.9629.42 6 E-3

R&S FSQ-K96 General Information

1 General Information

The OFDM-VSA PC analysis software application uses the I/Q capture functionality of the R&S
spectrum analyzer to enable generic OFDM measurements using a PC-based software.
This manual supports the user in working with this software. It describes how to prepare, execute, and
evaluate a measurement and gives many helpful hints and examples.

Introduction 4 OFDM

In an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system, the available spectrum is divided
into multiple carriers, called subcarriers, which are orthogonal to each other. Each of these subcarriers
is independently modulated by a low rate data stream.
OFDM is used as well in WLAN, WiMAX and broadcast technologies like DVB. OFDM has several
benefits including its robustness against multipath fading and its efficient receiver architecture.

Fig. 1 shows a representation of an OFDM signal taken from [1]. Data symbols are independently
modulated and transmitted over a high number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers. In OFDM­VSA, common modulation schemes as QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM can be defined as well as arbitrary
distributed constellation points.
In the time domain, a guard interval may be added to each symbol to combat inter-OFDM-symbol­interference due to channel delay spread. The OFDM-VSA requires a cyclic prefix as guard interval
which is inserted prior to each OFDM symbol.

Signal Bandwidth

FFT

Sub-carriers

Guard Intervals

Symbols

…

Frequency

…

Time

Fig. 1 Frequency-time representation of an OFDM signal

In practice, the OFDM signal can be generated using the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) digital
signal processing. The IFFT converts a number N of complex data symbols used as frequency domain
bins into the time domain signal. Such an N-point IFFT is illustrated in Fig. 2, where a(mN+n) refers to

th

subchannel modulated data symbol, during the time period mTu< t(m+1)Tu.

the n

1308.9629.42 7 E-3

General Information R&S FSQ-K96

N

N/T

N

N

s

N

G

N

FFT

mT

u

Fig. 2 OFDM useful symbol generation using an IFFT

t

ime

a(mN + 0)

a(mN + 1)

a(mN + 2)

.
.
.

a(mN + N-1)

(m+1)T

u

m

T

IFFT

u

sm(0), sm(1), sm(2), …, sm(N-1)

t

ime

s

m

(m+1)T

u

The vector
modulated subcarriers. Therefore, from a parallel stream of

s

is defined as the useful OFDM symbol. It is the time superposition of the N narrowband

m

N sources of data, each one independently

modulated, a waveform composed of N orthogonal subcarriers is obtained, with each subcarrier having
the shape of a frequency sinc function (see Fig. 1).
Fig. 3 illustrates the mapping from a serial stream of QAM symbols to N parallel streams, used as
frequency domain bins for the IFFT. The N-point time domain blocks obtained from the IFFT are then
serialized to create a time domain signal. Not shown in Fig. 3 is the process of cyclic prefix insertion.

QAM symbol rate =

symbols/sec

Source(s)

QAM

Modulator

u

symbol

streams

1:

T

1/

u

symbol/sec

IFFT

OFDM
symbols

T

1/

u

symbols/s

:1

Useful OFDM
symbols

Fig. 3 OFDM signal generation chain

[1] 3GPP TR 25.892: Feasibility Study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for

UTRAN enhancement (Release 6)

OFDM Parameterization

A generic OFDM analyzer supports various OFDM standards. Therefore a common parameterizing of
OFDM systems has to be defined.

Time Domain Description

The fundamental unit of an OFDM signal in time domain is a ‘Sample’. An ‘OFDM-Symbol’ with a length

samples consists of a ‘Guard Interval’ of length

of

Fig. 4 OFDM symbol in time domain

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and an ‘FFT Interval’ of length

N .

R&S FSQ-K96 General Information

FFT

FFT

2

F

FT

1

2



Frequency Domain Description

n frequency domain the FFT intervals of the OFDM symbols are transformed into the frequency domain

I
using a discrete fourier transform. The successive symbols of the OFDM signal are displayed in time­frequency matrices. The fundamental unit of an OFDM signal in frequency domain is a ‘Cell’. A column
of cells at the same frequency is called ‘Carrier’. A row of cells at the same time is called ‘Symbol’. The
carrier number is the column index of a time-frequency matrix. The number ‘0’ is assigned to the so

called ‘DC-Carrier’, which lies at the transmitter center frequency. The total number of carriers is

The ‘DC-Carrier Offset’ determines the position of the DC carrier relative to the lowermost carrier and is
an inherent attribute of the FFT algorithm.

N .

FFT Length

even

odd

N

DC-Carrier Offset Range

N

N

FFT













NN

,

2

1

2



FFTFFT

 1



2



1



NN

,



FFTFFT



2



The symbol number is the row index of a time frequency matrix. The first symbol gets the number ‘0’.
The total area of a time frequency matrix is called ‘Frame’. A frame is the highest level unit used in the
OFDM-VSA.

Fig. 5 Time-Frequency matrix

Structure Matrix

The structure matrix defines the complete frame and subclassifies the OFDM system into

• Pilot cells,

• Data cells,

• Don’t Care cells,

• Zero cells.

Pilot cells contain known values and are used for various synchronization and parameter estimation
purposes. Data cells contain the user data or “payload” of the transmission. The modulation format of the
data cells must be known or can be estimated in a modulation estimation block. “Don’t care” regions are
cells that aren’t evaluated for EVM measurement, but contain signal power. Finally, zero cells contain no
signal power at all. Typically these are guard carriers around DC or at the edges of the carrier axis.

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General Information R&S FSQ-K96

Fig. 6 Example of a structure matrix

Pilot Matrix

A pilot matrix contains known complex numbers in the matrix cells, which are defined as pilot cells in the
structure matrix. Within the analyzer, the pilot matrix is correlated with the received time frequency matrix to
get the frame start and the frequency offset of the received signal relative to the given structure matrix.

Fig. 7 Example of a pilot matrix

Constellation Vector

A constellation vector contains all possible numbers in the complex plane, that belong to a specific
modulation format. Constellation vectors must be defined for each possible data modulation format. The
magnitude within the constellation vectors must be scaled according to the pilot matrix. One entry in the
constellation vector is called ‘constellation point’.
Differential modulation is not supported. The respective absolute modulation scheme must be used
instead (e.g. QPSK instead of DQPSK). Periodically rotated constellations are not supported. The set
union of all constellations must be used instead (e.g. 8PSK instead of PI/4-DQPSK).

1

1

j+

2

2

Fig. 8 QPSK constellation vector

1308.9629.42 10 E-3

1

1

j+

2

2

1

1

j

2

2

1

1

j

2

2

R&S FSQ-K96 General Information

Modulation Matrix

A modulation matrix contains numbers to the underlying constellation vector for each cell, which is
defined as data cell in the structure matrix. Clusters of data cells with the same modulation therefore
share the same number. A data cell can also contain an unused number, that is a number for which no
constellation vector is defined. In this case, all data cells sharing that number are assumed to use one
and only one of the valid constellation vectors. This method can be used within the OFDM-VSA to allow
an automatic modulation detection.

1

1

1

1

j+

212

Fig. 9 Example of a modulation matrix

j+

212

j

j

212

212

Preamble Description

The OFDM demodulator shall support synchronization on repetitive preamble symbols. A repetitive
preamble contains several repetitions of one time domain block. Fig. 10 shows exemplarily the
parameterization of a repetitive preamble symbol, which contains a five times repetition of block T. The
structure matrix can have an arbitrary offset to the begin of the preamble symbol. If the offset is zero or
negative, the preamble is also contained within the frame and is used for further estimation processes.

Fig. 10 Description of a repetitive preamble symbol

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Installation and Test Setup R&S FSQ-K96

2 Installation and Test Setup

Software Installation

Please refer to the release notes for detailed instructions on the installation process.

Connection to the Instrument

In order to be able to communicate with the instruments, the PC must be connected to the R&S FSQ
using either an IEEE bus or LAN connection. The type of connection and the address can be selected
inside the software. Please refer to section “Software Setup” for a detailed description.

Any R&S FSQ with firmware version 4.35 or higher can be used

Configuration Settings

The R&S FSQ address (either GPIB or LAN address) has to be set in the R&S FSQ-K96 OFDM-VSA
analysis software.

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R&S FSQ-K96 Installation and Test Setup

How to Obtain the GPIB or LAN Address in the R&S FSQ Instrument

In this section it is described how to obtain the GPIB or LAN address of the R&S FSQ instrument.

PIB address

G

ETUP

S

 Press the [SETUP] hardkey.

The SETUP menu opens.

 Press the <GPIB> softkey.

Fig. 11 Softkey: GPIB Address

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