Page 1
R&S®QAT100
Advanced Antenna Array
User Manual
(;ÝN×2)
1179307302
Version 02
Page 2
This document describes the following products.
●
R&S®QAT100 (1341.0004K02)
●
R&S®QAT-B2 Additional Trx Line (1341.0162.02)
●
R&S®QAT-Z50 Shielding System (1341.0156.02)
●
R&S®QAT-Z51 Shielding Extension (1341.0185.02)
© 2021 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1179.3073.02 | Version 02 | R&S®QAT100
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol and model designation, e.g.
R&S®QAT100 is indicated as R&S QAT.
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R&S®QAT100
1.1 Safety Instructions........................................................................................................5
1.2 Labels on the product...................................................................................................7
1.3 Warning messages in the documentation.................................................................. 8
1.4 Korea certification class B........................................................................................... 8
1.5 Regulatory information.................................................................................................8
3.1 Lifting and carrying.....................................................................................................10
3.2 Unpacking and checking............................................................................................10
Contents
Contents
1 Safety and regulatory information........................................................5
2 Documentation overview.......................................................................9
3 Preparing for use................................................................................. 10
3.3 Choosing the operating site.......................................................................................10
3.4 Setting up the product................................................................................................ 11
3.4.1 Placing the product on a bench top...............................................................................11
3.4.2 Mounting the product in a rack......................................................................................12
3.5 Considerations for test setup.................................................................................... 13
3.6 Connecting to power.................................................................................................. 13
3.7 Switching on or off......................................................................................................13
4 Instrument tour.....................................................................................15
4.1 SMA connectors in the antenna lines....................................................................... 16
4.2 AC power..................................................................................................................... 17
4.3 USB 2.0 port.................................................................................................................17
4.4 LAN interface...............................................................................................................18
4.5 Trigger input & output.................................................................................................18
4.6 Reference input........................................................................................................... 18
4.7 Reference output.........................................................................................................18
4.8 Display and control elements.................................................................................... 18
4.9 Power button............................................................................................................... 19
5 Simulating radar objects..................................................................... 20
6 Instrument configuration.....................................................................28
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R&S®QAT100
8.1 Remote Control Interface and Protocol.................................................................... 31
8.2 Remote control commands........................................................................................33
8.2.1 Common commands..................................................................................................... 33
8.2.2 Network configuration................................................................................................... 34
8.2.3 System configuration.....................................................................................................36
8.2.4 Instrument configuration................................................................................................37
9.1 Contacting customer support....................................................................................41
10 Transporting.........................................................................................42
Contents
7 Function reference...............................................................................30
8 Remote control.....................................................................................31
9 Troubleshooting................................................................................... 41
11 Maintenance, storage and disposal................................................... 43
11.1 Changing fuses........................................................................................................... 43
11.2 Storage.........................................................................................................................44
11.3 Disposal....................................................................................................................... 44
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R&S®QAT100
Safety and regulatory information
Safety Instructions
1 Safety and regulatory information
The product documentation helps you use the product safely and efficiently. Follow the
instructions provided here and in the following chapters.
Intended use
The product is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic
components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments.
Use the product only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating conditions and
performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you of potential dangers and gives instructions on how to prevent personal injury or damage caused by
dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
In Chapter 1.1, "Safety Instructions", on page 5. The same information is provided in many languages as printed "Safety Instructions". The printed "Safety
Instructions" are delivered with the product.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.
1.1 Safety Instructions
Products from the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies are manufactured according
to the highest technical standards. To use the products safely, follow the instructions
provided here and in the product documentation. Keep the product documentation
nearby and offer it to other users.
Use the product only for its intended use and within its performance limits. Intended
use and limits are described in the product documentation such as the data sheet,
manuals and the printed "Safety Instructions". If you are unsure about the appropriate
use, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
Using the product requires specialists or specially trained personnel. These users also
need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user interfaces
and the product documentation are available.
Never open the casing of the product. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product. If any part of the product is damaged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service at
http://www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com.
Lifting and carrying the product
The maximum weight of the product is provided in the data sheet. To move the product
safely, you can use lifting or transporting equipment such as lift trucks and forklifts. Follow the instructions provided by the equipment manufacturer.
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R&S®QAT100
Safety and regulatory information
Safety Instructions
Choosing the operating site
Only use the product indoors. The product casing is not waterproof. Water that enters
can electrically connect the casing with live parts, which can lead to electric shock,
serious personal injury or death if you touch the casing. If Rohde & Schwarz provides
accessories designed for your product, e.g. a carrying bag, you can use the product
outdoors.
Unless otherwise specified, you can operate the product up to an altitude of 2000 m
above sea level. The product is suitable for pollution degree 2 environments where
nonconductive contamination can occur. For more information on environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
Setting up the product
Always place the product on a stable, flat and level surface with the bottom of the product facing down. If the product is designed for different positions, secure the product so
that it cannot fall over.
If the product has foldable feet, always fold the feet completely in or out to ensure stability. The feet can collapse if they are not folded out completely or if the product is
moved without lifting it. The foldable feet are designed to carry the weight of the product, but not an extra load.
If stacking is possible, keep in mind that a stack of products can fall over and cause
injury.
If you mount products in a rack, ensure that the rack has sufficient load capacity and
stability. Observe the specifications of the rack manufacturer. Always install the products from the bottom shelf to the top shelf so that the rack stands securely. Secure the
product so that it cannot fall off the rack.
Connecting to power
The product is an overvoltage category II product. Connect the product to a fixed
installation used to supply energy-consuming equipment such as household appliances and similar loads. Keep in mind that electrically powered products have risks, such
as electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Take the following measures for your safety:
●
Before switching on the product, ensure that the voltage and frequency indicated
on the product match the available power source. If the power adapter does not
adjust automatically, set the correct value and check the rating of the fuse.
●
Only use the power cable delivered with the product. It complies with country-specific safety requirements. Only insert the plug into an outlet with protective conductor terminal.
●
Only use intact cables and route them carefully so that they cannot be damaged.
Check the power cables regularly to ensure that they are undamaged. Also ensure
that nobody can trip over loose cables.
●
If the product needs an external power supply, use the power supply that is delivered with the product or that is recommended in the product documentation or a
power supply that conforms to the country-specific regulations.
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R&S®QAT100
Safety and regulatory information
Labels on the product
●
Only connect the product to a power source with a fuse protection of maximum
20 A.
●
Ensure that you can disconnect the product from the power source at any time.
Pull the power plug to disconnect the product. The power plug must be easily
accessible. If the product is integrated into a system that does not meet these
requirements, provide an easily accessible circuit breaker at the system level.
Cleaning the product
Use a dry, lint-free cloth to clean the product. When cleaning, keep in mind that the
casing is not waterproof. Do not use liquid cleaning agents.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential hazards.
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
Electrical hazard
Indicates live parts. Risk of electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Hot surface
Do not touch. Risk of skin burns. Risk of fire.
Protective conductor terminal
Connect this terminal to a grounded external conductor or to protective ground. This connection protects you against electric shock if an electric problem occurs.
1.2 Labels on the product
Labels on the casing inform about:
●
Personal safety, see "Meaning of safety labels" on page 7
●
Product and environment safety, see Table 1-1
●
Device information is provided on a sticker attached to the radio (rear side). The
sticker contains a barcode and the device ID. The device ID is a combination of the
order number and the serial number.
Table 1-1: Labels regarding product and environment safety
Labeling in line with EN 50419 for disposal of electrical and electronic equipment after the product has come to the end of its service life. For more information, see "Disposing electrical and
electronic equipment" on page 44.
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R&S®QAT100
1.3 Warning messages in the documentation
Safety and regulatory information
Regulatory information
A warning message points out a risk or danger that you need to be aware of. The signal word indicates the severity of the safety hazard and how likely it will occur if you do
not follow the safety precautions.
WARNING
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in death or serious injury if not avoided.
CAUTION
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in minor or moderate injury if not avoided.
NOTICE
Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to other
property.
1.4 Korea certification class B
이 기기는 가정용(B급) 전자파 적합기기로서 주로 가정에서 사용하는 것을 목적으로 하
며, 모든 지역에서 사용할 수 있습니다.
1.5 Regulatory information
Use the R&S QAT only in a shielded environment, like an anechoic chamber, a faraday
cage, or in conjunction with the R&S QAT-Z50 shielding device. However, you must
stop operating the R&S QAT if you receive any reports of interference.
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R&S®QAT100
Documentation overview
2 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S QAT user documentation.
User manual
Contains the description of all R&S QAT instrument functions. It also provides information on maintenance, instrument interfaces and error messages. A printed version is
included in the delivery.
Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
Safety instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information. A
printed version is included in the delivery.
Data sheet and brochure
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S QAT. It also lists the
options and their order numbers as well as optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the R&S QAT and shows their specific characteristics.
Release notes and open source acknowledgment
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version.
The open source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
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R&S®QAT100
3.1 Lifting and carrying
3.2 Unpacking and checking
Preparing for use
Choosing the operating site
3 Preparing for use
Here, you can find basic information about setting up the product for the first time.
You can carry the R&S QAT by its handles on the side or on the top. Do not apply
excessive external force to the handles.
See "Lifting and carrying the product" on page 5.
1. Unpack the product carefully.
2. Retain the original packing material. Use it when transporting or shipping the product later.
3. Using the delivery notes, check the equipment for completeness.
4. Check the equipment for damage.
If the delivery is incomplete or equipment is damaged, contact Rohde & Schwarz.
3.3 Choosing the operating site
Specific operating conditions ensure proper operation and avoid damage to the product and connected devices. For information on environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
See also "Choosing the operating site" on page 6.
Electromagnetic compatibility classes
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) class indicates where you can operate the
product. The EMC class of the product is given in the data sheet under "General data".
●
Class B equipment is suitable for use in:
– Residential environments
– Environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that
supplies residential buildings
●
Class A equipment is intended for use in industrial environments. It can cause
radio disturbances in residential environments due to possible conducted and radiated disturbances. It is therefore not suitable for class B environments.
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R&S®QAT100
3.4 Setting up the product
3.4.1 Placing the product on a bench top
Preparing for use
Setting up the product
If class A equipment causes radio disturbances, take appropriate measures to
eliminate them.
See also:
●
"Setting up the product" on page 6
●
"Intended use" on page 5
To place the product on a bench top
1. Place the product on a stable, flat and level surface. Ensure that the surface can
support the weight of the product. For information on the weight, see the data
sheet.
CAUTION! Foldable feet can collapse. See "Setting up the product" on page 6.
2.
Always fold the feet completely in or out. With folded-out feet, do not place anything on top or underneath the product.
WARNING! A stack of products can fall over and cause injury. Never stack more
3.
than three products on top of each other. Instead, mount them in a rack.
Stack as follows:
● If the products have foldable feet, fold them in completely.
● It is best if all products have the same dimensions (width and length). If the
products have different dimensions, stack according to size and place the
smallest product on top.
● Do not exceed the permissible total load placed on the product at the bottom of
the stack:
– 50 kg when stacking products of identical dimensions (left figure).
– 25 kg when stacking smaller products on top (middle figure).
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R&S®QAT100
3.4.2 Mounting the product in a rack
Preparing for use
Setting up the product
Left = Stacked correctly, same dimensions
Middle = Stacked correctly, different dimensions
Right = Stacked incorrectly, too many products
NOTICE! Overheating can damage the product.
4.
Prevent overheating as follows:
● Keep a minimum distance of 10 cm between the fan openings of the product
and any object in the vicinity.
● Do not place the product next to heat-generating equipment such as radiators
or other products.
To prepare the rack
1. Observe the requirements and instructions in "Setting up the product" on page 6.
NOTICE! Insufficient airflow can cause overheating and damage the product.
2.
Design and implement an efficient ventilation concept for the rack.
To mount the product in a rack
1. Use an adapter kit to prepare the product for rack mounting.
a) Order the rack adapter kit designed for the product. For the order number, see
data sheet.
b) Mount the adapter kit. Follow the assembly instructions provided with the
adapter kit.
2. Lift the product to shelf height.
3. Grab the handles and push the product onto the shelf until the rack brackets fit
closely to the rack.
4. Tighten all screws at the rack brackets with a tightening torque of 1.2 Nm to secure
the product at the rack.
To unmount the product from a rack
1. Loosen the screws at the rack brackets.
2. Bring the lifting equipment to shelf height.
3. Remove the product from the rack.
4. If placing the product on a bench top again, unmount the adapter kit from the product. Follow the instructions provided with the adapter kit.
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R&S®QAT100
3.5 Considerations for test setup
Preparing for use
Switching on or off
Cable selection and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress electromagnetic radiation during operation:
●
Use high-quality shielded cables, for example, double-shielded RF and LAN
cables.
●
Always terminate open cable ends.
●
Ensure that connected external devices comply with EMC regulations.
Signal input and output levels
Information on signal levels is provided in the data sheet. Keep the signal levels within
the specified ranges to avoid damage to the product and connected devices.
3.6 Connecting to power
The R&S QAT provides an AC power connector on the rear panel.
You can use different AC power voltages. The R&S QAT adapts itself automatically.
Refer to the datasheet for the requirements of voltage and frequency.
For safety information, see "Connecting to power" on page 6.
1. Plug the AC power cable into the AC power connector on the rear panel of the
product. Only use the AC power cable delivered with the product.
2. Plug the AC power cable into a power outlet with ground contact.
The required ratings are listed next to the AC power connector and in the data
sheet.
3. Install the remaining cables before switching on the product.
3.7 Switching on or off
Table 3-1: Overview of power states
Status LED Position of power switch
Off
Standby
Ready
gray
orange
green
[0]
[I]
[I]
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R&S®QAT100
Preparing for use
Switching on or off
To switch on the R&S QAT
The R&S QAT is off but connected to power.
1. Set the switch on the power supply to position [I].
The LED of the Power key turns orange.
2. Press the Power key.
The LED turns green. The R&S QAT boots.
To shut down the R&S QAT
The R&S QAT is in the ready state.
► Press the [Power] key.
The operating system shuts down. The LED turns orange.
To disconnect from power
The R&S QAT is in the standby state.
NOTICE! Risk of data loss. If you disconnect the product from power when it is in
1.
the ready state, you can lose settings and data. Shut it down first.
Set the switch on the power supply to position [0].
The LED of the Power key is switched off.
2. Disconnect the product from the power source.
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R&S®QAT100
Instrument tour
4 Instrument tour
In the basic configuration, the front panel contains 96 Tx antennas to transmit a radar
signal and 5 Rx antennas.
The rear panel contains the connectors and control elements.
1
2
Figure 4-1: Rear panel overview
1 = SMA for control of transmit and receive antennas
2 = SMA for control of transmit and receive antennas (optional: R&S QAT-B2)
3 = AC power
4 = USB for service applications
5 = LAN for network connection
6 = BNC connector for trigger output
7 = BNC connector for trigger input
8 = SMA for reference input
9 = BNC for reference output
10 = Display and control elements
11 = Power button
34567911 810
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R&S®QAT100
Instrument tour
SMA connectors in the antenna lines
1
2
Figure 4-2: Front panel overview
1 = Receive (Rx) antennas (1 Rx antenna per antenna segment plus one central Rx antenna)
2 = Transmit (Tx) antennas (24 Tx antennas per antenna segment = 96 Tx antennas in total)
4.1 SMA connectors in the antenna lines
Connector type: SMA
Connector label: see below
Function: The R&S QAT has one or two antenna lines. The first antenna line is always
installed, while the second line is optional (R&S QAT-B2).
Each antenna line has 11 SMA connectors with the following functionality.
●
5 x receiver outputs for a connection to a radar echo generator.
The connectors are labeled "Rx A" to "Rx E".
●
4 x transmitter inputs for a connection to a radar echo generator.
The connectors are labeled "Tx A" to "Tx D".
●
1 x transmitter input for a connection to a radar echo generator
The connector is labeled "Tx ∑".
●
1 x receiver output that you can use to:
– feed a single receive signal into the radar echo generator
– connect another receiving device to analyze the received signal, like a spec-
trum analyzer.
The connector is labeled "Rx Select".
For a more comprehensive description and application of the connectors in the
antenna lines, see Chapter 5, "Simulating radar objects", on page 20.
Mapping of connectors to antennas
The R&S QAT has four antenna segments ("A" to "D") that receive and transmit signals
and a fifth segment in the center that only contains a receive antenna ("E"). Depending
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R&S®QAT100
Instrument tour
USB 2.0 port
on the configuration, either all segments transmit signals or segments transmit signals
independent of each other. All segments always receive signals either way.
A B C DE
A = Segment A (Tx and Rx)
B = Segment B (Tx and Rx)
C = Segment C (Tx and Rx)
D = Segment D (Tx and Rx)
E = Segment E (Rx only)
4.2 AC power
Connector type: IEC 60320-1 C14
Connector label: "AC"
Function: AC input for a connection to the AC mains supply. You can connect the
antenna array to networks with different voltage levels (see datasheet for the supported voltage range). The power supply automatically adapts itself to the voltage level of
the power source.
D C B AE
The power cord necessary to connect the panel to the power supply is part of the delivery (with country-specific plug).
For more information about using the AC power supply safely, see "Connecting to
power" on page 6.
For more information about supplying the R&S QAT with power, see Chapter 3.6,
"Connecting to power", on page 13.
The AC power supply of the R&S QAT also holds a fuse. For instructions on how to
replace the fuse, see Chapter 11.1, "Changing fuses", on page 43.
4.3 USB 2.0 port
Connector type: Standard B
Connector label: "USB"
Function: USB 2.0 port for service applications.
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R&S®QAT100
4.4 LAN interface
4.5 Trigger input & output
4.6 Reference input
Instrument tour
Display and control elements
Connector type: RJ45
Connector label: "LAN"
Function: LAN interface to connect the R&S QAT to a network.
Connector type: BNC connector
Connector label: "Trg In" / "Trg Out"
Reserved for future use.
Connector type: SMA
Connector label: "Ref In"
Function: Input for an external frequency reference (10 MHz, 100 MHz or 3.2 GHz).
4.7 Reference output
Connector type: BNC connector
Connector label: "Ref Out"
Function: Output for a frequency reference (10 MHz or 100 MHz).
4.8 Display and control elements
The user interface is displayed in an OLED display.
You can navigate the user interface with various control elements.
●
"Preset": Presets the R&S QAT to its default configuration.
●
"Esc": Exits a menu in the interface.
●
"Enter": Confirms a selection.
●
"Del": Deletes an entry.
●
Cursor keys: Navigate through the user interface.
For an overview of all settings available in the user interface, see Chapter 7, "Function
reference", on page 30.
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R&S®QAT100
4.9 Power button
Instrument tour
Power button
The LEDs next to the control element have the following meaning.
●
"Ext. Reference": Illuminated green when an external reference is connected and
active.
●
"Trigger": Reserved for future use.
●
"Warning": Illuminated red when an error occurs (for example when an external reference is selected, but not connected).
Function: Turns the instrument on and off when it is connected to a power source
(AC).
For more information about turning the R&S QAT on and off, see Chapter 3.7, "Switch-
ing on or off", on page 13.
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R&S®QAT100
Simulating radar objects
5 Simulating radar objects
The R&S QAT is an advanced antenna array that you can use in combination with a
radar echo generator to simulate radar objects over-the-air. Because the R&S QAT has
independent antennas, it is possible to realistically simulate multiple moving radar
objects in a single test setup. Thus, you can, for example, test radar based autonomous driving functions.
In a typical setup, the R&S QAT is the frontend that receives and sends the radar signals. The radar echo generator, for example the R&S AREG800A, is the backend that
generates the radar echoes and controls the R&S QAT.
The typical workflow between the two devices goes like this:
1. The R&S QAT receives a signal from the DUT (radar sensor).
2. The R&S QAT divides the signal by four and downconverts the signal to an intermediate frequency (IF).
3. The R&S QAT forwards the IF to the radar echo generator.
4. The radar echo generator delays and attenuates the IF.
5. The radar echo generator sends the delayed IF to the R&S QAT.
6. The R&S QAT upconverts and multiplies the IF.
7. The R&S QAT routes the signal to one or more of the 96 transmit antennas.
8. The R&S QAT transmits the signal to the DUT.
9. The delayed signal travels back to the radar sensor via the air interface and thus
tricks the sensor into detecting the artificial object.
Radar
echo
R&S QAT DUT
generator
Figure 5-1: Basic test setup for using a R&S
The base variant of the R&S QAT contains one line of antennas. The antenna line has
five receive antennas and 96 transmit antennas. The antennas in turn belong to one of
four antenna segments, which makes one receive antenna and 24 transmit antennas in
each segment. An additional independent receive antenna is located in the center of
QAT
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R&S®QAT100
Simulating radar objects
the front panel. The antenna segments and transmit antennas can be controlled individually, if necessary.
Using only the transmit antennas of a certain segment (no connection on the Rx antennas), you can simulate interfering radar signals.
An optional second line of antennas doubles the number of antennas in each
R&S QAT. To simulate even more radar objects, you can combine multiple R&S QAT in
a single setup.
R&S QAT
Upper antenna array line
Segment A
Rx
Tx
Segment B
Rx
Tx
Rx
Segment C
Rx
Tx
Segment D
Rx
Tx
Lower antenna array line (optional)
Tx
Rx
Segment A
Figure 5-2: Antenna array layout as seen from the front panel
You can configure the R&S
object or use antenna segments individually to simulate several objects. This allows for
the following scenarios.
●
R&S QAT with a single antenna array line:
Simulate 1 object by using one or more antennas to simulate that object.
R&S QAT rear panel
Tx
Rx
Segment B
QAT such that the antenna segments simulate a single
Rx
Tx
Rx
Segment C
Tx
Rx
Segment D
Segm. A1
Figure 5-3: Top view of the R&S
●
R&S QAT with two antenna array lines:
Simulate 2 objects by using one or more antennas in each line to simulate those
objects.
Segm. B1
Radar object
Segm. C1
QAT
Segm. D1
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R&S®QAT100
Simulating radar objects
R&S QAT rear panel
Segm. A1
Segm. A2
Segm. B1
Segm. B2
Segm. C1
Segm. C2
Segm. D1
Segm. D2
Radar object
Figure 5-4: Top view of the R&S QAT
●
R&S QAT with one or two antenna array lines:
Simulate up to 8 objects by using each antenna segment for one object.
R&S QAT rear panel
Segm. A1
Segm. A2
Segm. B1
Segm. B2
Segm. C1
Segm. C2
Segm. D1
Segm. D2
Radar objects
Figure 5-5: Top view of the R&S QAT
●
Several R&S QAT with one or two antenna array lines:
Simulate more than 8 objects by using each antenna segment for one object.
Depending on the number of transmit antennas you want to use, this setup
requires more than one radar echo generator, because each R&S AREG800A supports up to eight independent IF paths.
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R&S®QAT100
Simulating radar objects
When you use more than one R&S QAT, we recommend to synchronize the frequency of all R&S QAT. One of the R&S QAT is the primary antenna array that supplies the reference frequency for the other R&S QAT.
R&S QAT
(primary)
Ref In Ref Out
External frequency
reference (optional)
R&S QAT
(secondary)
Ref In Ref Out
R&S QAT
(secondary)
Ref In Ref Out
When you use more than one R&S QAT, we recommend using an uneven number
of R&S QAT. Using an uneven number of R&S QAT makes sure that a receive
antenna of the R&S QAT is in the center of the field-of-view. This setup avoids
gaps in the center of the field of view.
Field of view
The R&S QAT has a variable field of view and angular resolution that depends on the
setup. You can calculate it as follows using the mechanical dimensions of the
R&S QAT. Each antenna line has a length of 351 mm with the antennas spaced
3.7 mm apart.
Field of view: α = 2 * tan-1 (351 mm / d)
Angular resolution: Δα = tan-1 (3.7 mm / d)
with d being the distance between front panel of the R&S QAT and the radar sensor.
Table 5-1: Examples of field of views and resolutions at varying distances
Distance (d) Field of view (α) Resolution (Δα)
500 mm 38.7° 0.42°
700 mm 28.1° 0.30°
1000 mm 19.9° 0.21°
1500 mm 13.3° 0.14°
2100 mm 10.0° 0.10°
Connecting the R&S QAT to the radar echo generator
The number and types of connections to the radar echo generator depend on the complexity of your test setup. The complexity in turn depends on, for example, the number
of simulated radar objects, the number of R&S QAT in your test setup or the number of
receive antennas you want to actually use (receive antennas do always receive, but
forward the signal only if they are connected to the backend).
Note that, depending on the number of antenna segments you want to control individually, the radar echo generator must have a corresponding number of inputs.
1. Connect the R&S QAT to the LAN.
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R&S®QAT100
Simulating radar objects
2. Connect the Tx connectors to the "Tx IF Out" of the radar echo generator.
There are two ways to use the Tx connectors:
● Variant 1:
Connect the transmit signal to the "Tx ∑" connector. In that case, all transmit
antennas share the same signal.
R&S QAT
Tx Out Tx ∑
Rx Out Rx E
Radar echo generator
● Variant 2:
Connect the transmit signal to the "Tx A" to "Tx D" connector. In that case,
each antenna segment can transmit a different signal.
Tx Out Tx A
Rx Out Rx A
Tx Out Tx B
Rx Out Rx B
Tx Out Tx C
Rx Out Rx C
Radar echo generator
Tx Out Tx D
Rx Out Rx D
R&S QAT
3. Connect the Rx antennas to the "Rx IF In" of the radar echo generator as required.
Keep in mind that the receive antennas always receive the signal.
If you want to feed only a single receive signal into the radar echo generator, connect the "Rx Select" to one "Rx IF In".
You can also use the "Rx Select" connector to connect other external devices like a
spectrum analyzer.
4. Connect the frequency reference (input or output) to the radar echo generator if
you want to synchronize the reference frequencies.
For more information about configuring the interaction between R&S QAT and
radar echo generator, refer to the user documentation of the radar echo generator.
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R&S®QAT100
Simulating radar objects
Attaching the shielding system (R&S QAT-Z50)
The optional shielding system (R&S QAT-Z50) prevents the radar from receiving interfering signals from other radar devices and significantly reduces the amount of unwanted reflections from the environment. It also protects other devices against interference
from the radar signals of the R&S QAT. To attach the shielding system, you have to
remove the handles and instead screw the shielding system to the R&S QAT.
The shielding system is delivered as a single piece.
Additional extensions allow you to increase the distance between R&S QAT and DUT.
Using the R&S QAT requires a shielded environment to protect other devices against
interference from the radar signals transmitted by the R&S QAT. Therefore, you must
either attach the shielding system or use the R&S QAT in an anechoic chamber or a
faraday cage.
Stop operating the R&S QAT if you receive any reports of interference.
1. Screw off the handles on either side of the R&S QAT using a Torx screwdriver (4
screws, size T20).
Store the handles in a safe place.
Figure 5-6: Removing the handles
2. Clip the absorber strips that are part of the delivery to the inside of each side of the
shielding system and extensions (if you have any). The absorber point to the inside
of the shielding system. The four clips you need are part of the delivery.
The absorber strips are necessary to keep the unwanted emissions at a minimum.
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R&S®QAT100
Simulating radar objects
1
1
Figure 5-7: Attaching abosrber strips
1 = Abosrber strips
3. Optional (for larger distances between R&S QAT and DUT): Attach the extensions
to the shielding system with a Torx screwdriver (. You can attach several extensions. depending on your test setup.
Figure 5-8: Attaching extensions
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R&S®QAT100
Simulating radar objects
4. Screw the shielding system to the R&S QAT using the screws from the handles
and a Torx screwdriver (4 screws, size 20).
Figure 5-9: Attaching the shielding system
When setting up the R&S QAT with the shielding system, make sure that there is
no empty space between the shielding system and the DUT to protect other devices from interfering radar signals.
d
1
d
2
Figure 5-10: Distance between shielding system and DUT
d1= Position OK: DUT directly in front of shielding system
d2= Position not OK: DUT too far from shielding system
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R&S®QAT100
Instrument configuration
6 Instrument configuration
The R&S QAT provides various settings for the test setups described in Chapter 5,
"Simulating radar objects", on page 20. You can access all settings via the controls on
the rear panel of the R&S QAT.
Configuring a LAN connection
When you use the R&S QAT in a LAN, configure the network properties.
1. Enter "Network" settings.
2. Turn "DHCP" (dynamic IP address assignment) on or off.
When dynamic IP address assignment is on, the network automatically assigns a
free IP address to the connected R&S QAT.
3. When you turn off DHCP, configure the IP address (IPv4), subnet mask and gateway manually using the corresponding remote commands. Refer to your system
administrator for information about network properties you can use.
Configuring the frequency reference
Some test setups use an external or the internal frequency reference to synchronize
the frequency between the devices in the test setups.
1. If you are using an external frequency reference to synchronize the frequency:
a) Select "QAT Settings" > "Reference" > "External".
b) Select the frequency you want to use. Supported frequencies are 10 MHz and
100 MHz.
If you are using an R&S AREG800 as the source of the frequency reference,
you can also use 3.2 GHz.
2. If you are using the internal frequency reference of the R&S QAT to synchronize
the frequency:
a) Select "QAT Settings" > "Reference" > "Internal".
b) Select the frequency you want to use. Supported frequencies are 10 MHz and
100 MHz.
Selecting the radar band
1. Select "QAT Settings".
2. Select "Radar Band".
3. Select one of the available radar bands.
● 76 GHz to 77 GHz
● 77 GHz to 81 GHz
● 76 GHz to 80 GHz
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R&S®QAT100
Instrument configuration
Controlling the transmit antennas
Depending on your test setup, you can control the way the antenna segments transmit
the radar signal.
1. Select "QAT Settings".
2. Select "Tx In <x>".
3. Select "Tx ∑" to transmit the same signal on all transmit antenna segments.
Use this setting if you want to simulate a single radar object.
4. Select "Tx In <x>" to have a different signal on each antenna segment.
Controlling the receive antennas
Basically, the receive antennas are always active and receive the radar signal.
The "Rx Select" connector feeds one of the signals from the Rx antennas into an external device. You can select which signal you want to route to the "Rx Select" connector.
1. Select "QAT Settings".
2. Select "Rx Select" to select the signal that is available on the "Rx Select" connector.
3. Select "Rx Select A" to "Rx Select E".
The R&S QAT routes the signal of the selected Rx connector to the "Rx Select"
connector.
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R&S®QAT100
Function reference
7 Function reference
Network DHCP
QAT Settings Rx Select Rx Select A
IP
Sub
GW
Tx In <x> Tx in ∑
Rx Level Rx Level A
Rx Select B
Rx Select C
Rx Select D
Rx Select E
Tx in A B C D
Rx Level B
Rx Level C
Rx Level D
Rx Level E
Radar Band 76 - 77 GHz
Options
Reference Internal 10 MHz
77 - 81 GHz
76 - 80 GHz
External 10 MHz
100 MHz
3.2 GHz
100 MHz
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8.1 Remote Control Interface and Protocol
Remote control
Remote Control Interface and Protocol
8 Remote control
● Remote Control Interface and Protocol...................................................................31
● Remote control commands..................................................................................... 33
For the R&S QAT, the remote control interface is the LAN interface. The LAN interface
consists of a connector, a network interface card and protocols.
The network card can be operated with the following interfaces:
●
10 Mbit/s Ethernet IEEE 802.3
●
100 Mbit/s Ethernet IEEE 802.3u
●
1Gbit/s Ethernet IEEE 802.3ab
For remote control via a network, the PC and the instrument must be connected via the
LAN interface to a common network with TCP/IP network protocol. They are connected
using a commercial RJ45 cable (shielded or unshielded twisted pair category 5). The
TCP/IP network protocol and the associated network services are preconfigured on the
instrument. Software for instrument control and the VISA program library must be
installed on the PC (controller).
IP address
Only the IP address or a valid DNS host name is required to set up the connection.
The host address is part of the "VISA resource string" used by the programs to identify
and control the instrument.
The VISA resource string has the form:
TCPIP::host address[::LAN device name][::INSTR]
where:
●
TCPIP designates the network protocol used
●
host address is the IP address or host name of the device
inst0 selects the VXI-11 protocol
●
LAN device name defines the protocol and the instance number of a sub-instrument;
●
INSTR indicates the instrument resource class (optional)
Example:
●
Instrument has the IP address 192.1.2.3; the valid resource string using VXI-11
protocol is:
TCPIP::192.1.2.3::INSTR
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Remote control
Remote Control Interface and Protocol
Identifying instruments in a network
If several instruments are connected to the network, each instrument has its own IP
address and associated resource string. The controller identifies these instruments by
the resource string.
VISA library
A VISA installation is a prerequisite for remote control using the LAN interface.
VISA is a standardized software interface library providing input and output functions to
communicate with instruments. High level programming platforms use VISA as an
intermediate abstraction layer.
The I/O channel (LAN or TCP/IP) is selected at initialization time by one of the following:
●
The channel–specific address string ("VISA resource string")
●
An appropriately defined VISA alias (short name).
For more information about VISA, refer to the VISA user documentation.
VXI-11 protocol
The VXI-11 standard is based on the open network computing remote procedure call
(ONC RPC) protocol which in turn relies on TCP/IP at the network/transport layer. The
TCP/IP network protocol and the associated network services are preconfigured.
TCP/IP ensures connection-oriented communication, where the order of the
exchanged messages is adhered to and interrupted links are identified. With this protocol, messages cannot be lost.
SCPI compatibility
SCPI commands (standard commands for programmable instruments) are used for
remote control. The SCPI standard is based on standard IEEE 488.2 and aims at the
standardization of instrument-specific commands, error handling and the status registers. The tutorial "Automatic Measurement Control - A tutorial on SCPI and IEEE
488.2" from John M. Pieper (R&S order number 0002.3536.00) offers detailed informa-
tion on concepts and definitions of SCPI. The instrument supports the SCPI version
1999.
Commands that are not taken from the SCPI standard follow the SCPI syntax rules.
Communication ports
You have to open several ports in the firewall to be able to communicate via SCPI. By
default, these ports are already open on the R&S QAT. If you want to close these ports,
you can run a script that closes these ports.
●
To close the ports, run the
script .\firewall\firewall-disableaccess.bat.
Closing the ports disables remote control functionality.
●
To reopen the ports, run the script .\firewall\firewall-setting.bat.
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8.2 Remote control commands
8.2.1 Common commands
Remote control
Remote control commands
● Common commands...............................................................................................33
● Network configuration............................................................................................. 34
● System configuration...............................................................................................36
● Instrument configuration..........................................................................................37
*IDN?..............................................................................................................................33
*OPT.............................................................................................................................. 33
*RST...............................................................................................................................33
*SERial........................................................................................................................... 33
*IDN?
Returns the instrument identification.
Return values:
<ID> "Rohde&Schwarz,<device type>,<serial number>,<firmware ver-
sion><CR><LF>"
Example:
Usage: Query only
*OPT
Queries the options included in the instrument. For a list of all available options and
their description, refer to the data sheet.
Return values:
<Options> The query returns a list of options. The options are returned at
*RST
Sets the instrument to a defined default status. The default settings are indicated in the
description of commands.
Usage:
Rohde&Schwarz,QAT-100,123456,1.00>CR><LF>
fixed positions in a comma-separated string. A zero is returned
for options that are not installed.
Event
*SERial
Returns the serial number of the R&S QAT
Return values:
<SerialNo>
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8.2.2 Network configuration
Remote control
Remote control commands
SET:LAN:DHCP:ON......................................................................................................... 34
SET:LAN:DHCP:OFF........................................................................................................34
SHOW:LAN:DHCP?......................................................................................................... 34
SET:LAN:SNM.................................................................................................................34
SHOW:LAN:SNMask?...................................................................................................... 34
SET:LAN:GW...................................................................................................................34
SHOW:LAN:GW?.............................................................................................................34
SET:LAN:HOST:NAMe......................................................................................................35
SHOW:LAN:HOST:NAME?............................................................................................... 35
SET:LAN:INIT.................................................................................................................. 35
SET:LAN:IP..................................................................................................................... 35
SHOW:LAN:IP?............................................................................................................... 35
SHOW:LAN:MAC:ADDRess??.......................................................................................... 35
WRITe:MXINi...................................................................................................................36
SET:LAN:DHCP:ON
SET:LAN:DHCP:OFF
SHOW:LAN:DHCP?
Configures and queries the state of DHCP on the R&S QAT.
Return values:
<State> 1 (ON) | 0 (OFF)
Example: See SHOW:LAN:IP?
Usage: Query only
SET:LAN:SNM <Gateway>
SHOW:LAN:SNMask?
Returns the subnet mask of the R&S QAT.
Return values:
<SubnetMask> IP address in the format 000.000.000.000.
Example: See SHOW:LAN:IP?
Usage: Query only
SET:LAN:GW <Gateway>
SHOW:LAN:GW?
Defines or queries the standard gateway for the R&S QAT.
Return values:
<Gateway> Gateway address in the format 000.000.000.000.
Example: See SHOW:LAN:IP?
Usage: Query only
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Remote control
Remote control commands
SET:LAN:HOST:NAMe <HostName>
SHOW:LAN:HOST:NAME?
Defines or queries the host name of the R&S QAT.
Parameters:
<HostName> String that contains the hostname.
The default host name is QAT100<SerialNumber>
Example: //Set and query host name
SET:LAN:HOST:NAME 'QATHostName'
SHOW:LAN:HOST:NAME?
Usage: Query only
SET:LAN:INIT
Activates the LAN configuration of the R&S QAT
Example:
Usage: Event
SET:LAN:IP <IPAddress>
SHOW:LAN:IP?
Defines or queries the IP address of the R&S QAT.
Prerequisites for this command
●
Turn off DHCP (SHOW:LAN:DHCP?).
Return values:
<IPAddress> IP address in the format 000.000.000.000.
Example: //Configure network properties
See SHOW:LAN:IP?
Show:LAN:MAC:ADDR?
SET:LAN:DHCP?
SET:LAN:DHCP:OFF
SET:LAN:GW 192.0.2.0
SET:LAN:SNM 255.255.0.0
SET:LAN:IP 192.0.2.0
SET:LAN:INIT
WRITE:MXINI
Usage: Query only
SHOW:LAN:MAC:ADDRess??
Queries the MAC address of the R&S QAT.
Return values:
<MACAddress>
Example: See SHOW:LAN:IP?
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8.2.3 System configuration
Remote control
Remote control commands
Usage: Query only
WRITe:MXINi
Writes the LAN settings to the non-volatile memory of the R&S QAT and are therefore
kept after a restart of the R&S QAT.
Example: See SHOW:LAN:IP?
Usage: Event
HANDshake?...................................................................................................................36
HANDshake:ON...............................................................................................................36
HANDshake:OFF............................................................................................................. 36
SYSTem:CLEar................................................................................................................37
SYSTem:ERRor?............................................................................................................. 37
HANDshake?
Queries the state of the handshake function.
Return values:
State ON | OFF | 1 | 0
Example: //Turn on handshake function and query state
HAND:ON
HAND?
Usage: Query only
HANDshake:ON
HANDshake:OFF
Turns the handshake function on and off.
If on, a successful execution of a command that has no query is confirmed by a corresponding message.
Example:
//Turn on handshake
HAND:ON
//Select transmit antenna
ANT:TX_A:ON 12
would return:
"TX_A 12 ON"<CR><LF>
Example: //Turn off handshake
HAND:OFF
//Select transmit antenna
ANT:TX_A:ON 12
would return nothing
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Remote control
Remote control commands
Usage: Event
SYSTem:CLEar
Clears the error list of the R&S QAT.
Example: //Query and clear error list
SYST:ERR?
SYST:CLE
Usage: Event
SYSTem:ERRor?
Queries the error list of the R&S QAT.
Return values:
<ErrorList> List of errors.
Example: //Query error list
SYST:ERR?
Usage: Query only
8.2.4 Instrument configuration
ANT:TX_<al>:ON............................................................................................................. 37
ANT:TX_<al>:OFF............................................................................................................37
ANT:RX_<al>:ON.............................................................................................................38
ANT:TX_<al>:OFF............................................................................................................38
ANT:TX_<al>:SWITch.......................................................................................................38
ROSCillator:INTern...........................................................................................................38
ROSCillator:EXTern..........................................................................................................39
ROSCillator:OUTPut.........................................................................................................39
RX_<al>:LEVel:<ch>?...................................................................................................... 39
RX_<al>:SELect?.............................................................................................................39
RX_<al>:SELect:<ch>...................................................................................................... 39
RX_<al>:RADarband?...................................................................................................... 40
RX_<al>:RADarband:<band>............................................................................................40
TX_<al>:TX_IN?.............................................................................................................. 40
TX_<al>:TX_IN:<inp>.......................................................................................................40
ANT:TX_<al>:ON <Antenna>
ANT:TX_<al>:OFF <Antenna>
Turns a specific transmit antenna on or off.
Suffix:
<al>
.
A | B
Antenna line (A = upper line, B = optional lower line)
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Remote control
Remote control commands
Parameters:
<Antenna> Range: 0 to 95
Example: //Configure transmit antennas in line A
ANT:TX_A:ON 12
ANT:TX_A:ON 24
ANT:TX_A:OFF 6
ANT:TX_A:OFF 18
ANT:RX_<al>:ON
ANT:TX_<al>:OFF
Turns all receive antennas on or off.
Suffix:
<al>
Parameters:
<Antenna> Range: 0 to 95
Example: //Turn on all receive antenna in line A
Usage: Event
ANT:TX_<al>:SWITch <Antenna>
Turns on a single transmit antenna and simultenously turns off all other transmit antennas.
Suffix:
<al>
Parameters:
<Antenna> Range: 0 to 95
Example: //Turn on transmit antenna 24 in line A
.
A | B
Antenna line (A = upper line, B = optional lower line)
ANT:RX_A:ON
.
A | B
Antenna line (A = upper line, B = optional lower line)
ANT:TX_A:SWIT 24
ROSCillator:INTern
Selects the internal reference frequency.
Example:
Usage: Event
//Select internal reference
ROSC:INT
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R&S®QAT100
Remote control
Remote control commands
ROSCillator:EXTern <Frequency>
Selects an external reference frequency.
Parameters:
<Frequency> 10MHZ
10 MHz reference frequency
100MHZ
100 MHz reference frequency
3200MHZ
3.2 GHz reference frequency
Example: //Select external reference
ROSC:EXT 10MHZ
ROSCillator:OUTPut
Selects the output reference frequency.
Parameters:
<Frequency> 10MHZ
Example: //Select output reference
RX_<al>:LEVel:<ch>?
Queries the receive level of the receive antennas.
Suffix:
<al>
<ch> A | B | C | D | E
Return values:
<Level> Default unit: PCT
<Frequency>
Select 10 MHz reference
100MHZ
Select 100 MHz reference
ROSC:OUTP 10MHZ
.
A | B
Antenna line (A = upper line, B = optional lower line)
Receive antenna
Example: //Query receive level of Rx antenna B in line A
RX_A:LEV:B?
Usage: Query only
RX_<al>:SELect?
RX_<al>:SELect:<ch> <Antenna>
Selects or queries the active receive antenna.
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Remote control
Remote control commands
Suffix:
<al>
<ch> A | B | C | D | E
Example: //Select Rx antenna B in line A as the receiving antenna
Usage: Event
RX_<al>:RADarband?
RX_<al>:RADarband:<band>
Selects a radarband of the corresponding cluster.
Suffix:
<al>
<band> MBR | SSR | USR
Example: //Select radar band for line A
.
A | B
Antenna line (A = upper line, B = optional lower line)
Receive antenna
RX_A:SEL:B
.
A | B
Antenna line (A = upper line, B = optional lower line)
Radar band
RX_A:RAD:MBR
Usage: Setting only
TX_<al>:TX_IN?
TX_<al>:TX_IN:<inp>
Selects or queries the Tx input the radar generator is connected to.
Suffix:
<al>
<inp> SUM | ABC
Example: //Select Tx input for line A
Usage: Event
.
A | B
Antenna line (A = upper line, B = optional lower line)
Tx input (SUM = Tx∑, ABC = Tx A - D)
TX_A:TX_IN:SUM
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R&S®QAT100
9.1 Contacting customer support
Troubleshooting
Contacting customer support
9 Troubleshooting
If you need to transport or ship the product, see Chapter 10, "Transporting",
on page 42.
Technical support – where and when you need it
For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz product, contact our customer support center. A team of highly qualified engineers provides support and works with you
to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz products.
Contact information
Contact our customer support center at www.rohde-schwarz.com/support, or follow this
QR code:
Figure 9-1: QR code to the Rohde
&
Schwarz support page
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R&S®QAT100
10 Transporting
Transporting
Lifting and carrying
See:
●
"Lifting and carrying the product" on page 5
Packing
Use the original packaging material. It consists of antistatic wrap for electrostatic protection and packing material designed for the product.
If you do not have the original packaging, use similar materials that provide the same
level of protection.
Securing
When moving the product in a vehicle or using transporting equipment, make sure that
the product is properly secured. Only use items intended for securing objects.
Transport altitude
Unless otherwise specified in the data sheet, the maximum transport altitude without
pressure compensation is 4500 m above sea level.
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R&S®QAT100
11 Maintenance, storage and disposal
11.1 Changing fuses
Maintenance, storage and disposal
Changing fuses
The product does not require regular maintenance. It only requires occasional cleaning. It is however advisable to check the nominal data from time to time.
If the product does not start, it is possible that a blown fuse is the cause. The fuse is
located in the socket of the power supply.
The R&S QAT is protected by two time lag fuses (IEC 60127-2/5: T4.0H/250V, order
number 0020.7600.00). The fuse holder is located next to the AC main switch and the
AC power connector.
WARNING! The fuse is part of the main power supply. Handling the fuse while the
1.
power is on can lead to electric shock.
Before changing the fuse:
a) Set the switch on the power supply to position [0].
b) Disconnect the product from the power source.
2. Bend the small clamps on top and bottom of the fuse holder to unlock it.
Use two small screwdrivers, for example.
1
2
1
Figure 11-1: Fuse replacement
1 = Unlock fuse holder
2 = Remove fuse holder
3. Pull out the fuse holder.
4. Check the condition of the fuse.
5. Replace the blown fuse. Only use a fuse of the specified type.
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11.2 Storage
11.3 Disposal
Maintenance, storage and disposal
Disposal
The fuse type and its characteristics are indicated next to the fuse holder.
6. Insert the fuse holder into the mains power inlet.
Protect the product against dust. Ensure that the environmental conditions, e.g. temperature range and climatic load, meet the values specified in the data sheet.
Rohde & Schwarz is committed to making careful, ecologically sound use of natural
resources and minimizing the environmental footprint of our products. Help us by disposing of waste in a way that causes minimum environmental impact.
Disposing electrical and electronic equipment
A product that is labeled as follows cannot be disposed of in normal household waste
after it has come to the end of its service life. Even disposal via the municipal collection
points for waste electrical and electronic equipment is not permitted.
Figure 11-2: Labeling in line with EU directive WEEE
Rohde & Schwarz has developed a disposal concept for the eco-friendly disposal or
recycling of waste material. As a manufacturer, Rohde & Schwarz completely fulfills its
obligation to take back and dispose of electrical and electronic waste. Contact your
local service representative to dispose of the product.
44User Manual 1179.3073.02 ─ 02
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