is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual:
®
R&S
PR100 is abbreviated as R&S PR100.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 3
Basic Safety Instructions
Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions!
All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety
standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety. Our
products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed, built and tested in accordance with the
safety standards that apply in each case. Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by
our quality assurance system. The product described here has been designed, built and tested in
accordance with the attached EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s plant in a
condition fully complying with safety standards. To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation,
you must observe all instructions and warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions
regarding these safety instructions, the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer
them.
Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This product is designed
for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or, if expressly permitted, also in the field and must
not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage. You are responsible if the
product is used for any intention other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer's
instructions. The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product.
The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation
and within its performance limits (see data sheet, documentation, the following safety instructions). Using
the product requires technical skills and a basic knowledge of English. It is therefore essential that only
skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be allowed to use the
product. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz products, this will be indicated at
the appropriate place in the product documentation. Keep the basic safety instructions and the product
documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users.
Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by
dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions
before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety
instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation. In
these safety instructions, the word "product" refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde &
Schwarz group of companies, including instruments, systems and all accessories.
Symbols and safety labels
Notice, general
danger location
Observe product
documentation
ON/OFF supply
voltage
Caution
when
handling
heavy
equipment
Standby
indication
Danger of
electric
shock
Direct current
(DC)
Warning!
Hot surface
Alternating current
(AC)
PE terminal Ground Ground
terminal
Direct/alternating
current (DC/AC)
Device fully protected by
double (reinforced) insulation
Be careful when
handling
electrostatic
sensitive
devices
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 1
Basic Safety Instructions
Tags and their meaning
The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the reader about risks
and dangers.
indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or
serious injury.
indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or
moderate injury.
indicates the possibility of incorrect operation which can result in damage to
the product.
In the product documentation, the word ATTENTION is used synonymously.
These tags are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European Economic
Area. Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist in other economic areas or
military applications. It is therefore essential to make sure that the tags described here are always used
only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product. The use of tags in
connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation and in personal injury
or material damage.
Operating states and operating positions
The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the
manufacturer, without the product's ventilation being obstructed. If the manufacturer's specifications are
not observed, this can result in electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death. Applicable local
or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work
performed.
1. Unless otherwise specified, the following requirements apply to Rohde & Schwarz products:
predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing down, IP protection 2X, pollution
severity 2, overvoltage category 2, use only indoors, max. operating altitude 2000 m above sea level,
max. transport altitude 4500 m above sea level. A tolerance of ±10 % shall apply to the nominal
voltage and ±5 % to the nominal frequency.
2. Do not place the product on surfaces, vehicles, cabinets or tables that for reasons of weight or stability
are unsuitable for this purpose. Always follow the manufacturer's installation instructions when
installing the product and fastening it to objects or structures (e.g. walls and shelves). An installation
that is not carried out as described in the product documentation could result in personal injury or
death.
3. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters. The ambient
temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in
the data sheet. Product overheating can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or
death.
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 2
Basic Safety Instructions
Electrical safety
If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all to the extent necessary, electric shock,
fire and/or serious personal injury or death may occur.
1. Prior to switching on the product, always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product
matches the nominal voltage of the AC supply network. If a different voltage is to be set, the power
use of the product may have to be changed accordingly.
f
2. In the case of products of safety class I with movable power cord and connector, operation is
permitted only on sockets with an earthing contact and protective earth connection.
3. Intentionally breaking the protective earth connection either in the feed line or in the product itself is
not permitted. Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product. If extension
cords or connector strips are implemented, they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that
they are safe to use.
4. If the product does not have a power switch for disconnection from the AC supply network, the plug of
the connecting cable is regarded as the disconnecting device. In such cases, always ensure that the
power plug is easily reachable and accessible at all times (corresponding to the length of connecting
cable, approx. 2 m). Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing disconnection from
the AC supply network. If products without power switches are integrated into racks or systems, a
disconnecting device must be provided at the system level.
5. Never use the product if the power cable is damaged. Check the power cable on a regular basis to
ensure that it is in proper operating condition. By taking appropriate safety measures and carefully
laying the power cable, you can ensure that the cable will not be damaged and that no one can be
hurt by, for example, tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock.
6. The product may be operated only from TN/TT supply networks fused with max. 16 A (higher fuse
only after consulting with the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies).
7. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty. Insert the plug firmly and all the way into the
socket. Otherwise, sparks that result in fire and/or injuries may occur.
8. Do not overload any sockets, extension cords or connector strips; doing so can cause fire or electric
shocks.
9. For measurements in circuits with voltages V
> 30 V, suitable measures (e.g. appropriate
rms
measuring equipment, fusing, current limiting, electrical separation, insulation) should be taken to
avoid any hazards.
10. Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment, e.g. PCs or other industrial
computers, comply with the IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 or IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1 standards that apply
in each case.
11. Unless expressly permitted, never remove the cover or any part of the housing while the product is in
operation. Doing so will expose circuits and components and can lead to injuries, fire or damage to the
product.
12. If a product is to be permanently installed, the connection between the PE terminal on site and the
product's PE conductor must be made first before any other connection is made. The product may be
installed and connected only by a licensed electrician.
13. For permanently installed equipment without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or similar protective
devices, the supply circuit must be fused in such a way that anyone who has access to the product, as
well as the product itself, is adequately protected from injury or damage.
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 3
Basic Safety Instructions
14. Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage (such as that caused by a bolt of
lightning) can reach the product. Otherwise, the person operating the product will be exposed to the
danger of an electric shock.
15. Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must not be used for this
purpose. Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product and/or electric shocks, fire or injuries.
6. Unless specified otherwise, products are not liquid-proof (see also section "Operating states and
1
operating positions", item 1. Therefore, the equipment must be protected against penetration by
liquids. If the necessary precautions are not taken, the user may suffer electric shock or the product
itself may be damaged, which can also lead to personal injury.
17. Never use the product under conditions in which condensation has formed or can form in or on the
product, e.g. if the product has been moved from a cold to a warm environment. Penetration by water
increases the risk of electric shock.
18. Prior to cleaning the product, disconnect it completely from the power supply (e.g. AC supply network
or battery). Use a soft, non-linting cloth to clean the product. Never use chemical cleaning agents such
as alcohol, acetone or diluents for cellulose lacquers.
Operation
1. Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration. Make sure that persons
who use the products are physically, mentally and emotionally fit enough to do so; otherwise, injuries
or material damage may occur. It is the responsibility of the employer/operator to select suitable
personnel for operating the products.
2. Before you move or transport the product, read and observe the section titled "Transport".
3. As with all industrially manufactured goods, the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction
(allergens) such as nickel cannot be generally excluded. If you develop an allergic reaction (such as a
skin rash, frequent sneezing, red eyes or respiratory difficulties) when using a Rohde & Schwarz
product, consult a physician immediately to determine the cause and to prevent health problems or
stress.
4. Before you start processing the product mechanically and/or thermally, or before you take it apart, be
sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled "Waste disposal", item 1.
5. Depending on the function, certain products such as RF radio equipment can produce an elevated
level of electromagnetic radiation. Considering that unborn babies require increased protection,
pregnant women must be protected by appropriate measures. Persons with pacemakers may also be
exposed to risks from electromagnetic radiation. The employer/operator must evaluate workplaces
where there is a special risk of exposure to radiation and, if necessary, take measures to avert the
potential danger.
6. Should a fire occur, the product may release hazardous substances (gases, fluids, etc.) that can
cause health problems. Therefore, suitable measures must be taken, e.g. protective masks and
protective clothing must be worn.
7. If a laser product (e.g. a CD/DVD drive) is integrated into a Rohde & Schwarz product, absolutely no
other settings or functions may be used as described in the product documentation. The objective is to
prevent personal injury (e.g. due to laser beams).
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 4
Basic Safety Instructions
Repair and service
1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel. Before any work is
performed on the product or before the product is opened, it must be disconnected from the AC supply
network. Otherwise, personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock.
2. Adjustments, replacement of parts, maintenance and repair may be performed only by electrical
xperts authorized by Rohde & Schwarz. Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant
e
to safety (e.g. power switches, power transformers, fuses). A safety test must always be performed
after parts relevant to safety have been replaced (visual inspection, PE conductor test, insulation
resistance measurement, leakage current measurement, functional test). This helps ensure the
continued safety of the product.
Batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells
If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells is not observed either at all or to the
extent necessary, product users may be exposed to the risk of explosions, fire and/or serious personal
injury, and, in some cases, death. Batteries and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes (e.g.
lithium cells) must be handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard.
1. Cells must not be taken apart or crushed.
2. Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire. Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided.
Keep cells and batteries clean and dry. Clean soiled connectors using a dry, clean cloth.
3. Cells or batteries must not be short-circuited. Cells or batteries must not be stored in a box or in a
drawer where they can short-circuit each other, or where they can be short-circuited by other
conductive materials. Cells and batteries must not be removed from their original packaging until they
are ready to be used.
4. Keep cells and batteries out of the hands of children. If a cell or a battery has been swallowed, seek
medical aid immediately.
5. Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted.
6. If a cell develops a leak, the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes. If
contact occurs, wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid.
7. Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells)
can cause explosions. Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see
parts list) in order to ensure the safety of the product.
8. Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste. Rechargeable batteries
and normal batteries that contain lead, mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste. Observe the
national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling.
Transport
1. The product may be very heavy. Therefore, the product must be handled with care. In some cases,
the user may require a suitable means of lifting or moving the product (e.g. with a lift-truck) to avoid
back or other physical injuries.
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 5
Informaciones elementales de seguridad
2. Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product. It is
therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as
cranes, fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the
means of transport or lifting. Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of
transport or lifting. Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material damage.
3. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive the vehicle safely
and properly. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for accidents or collisions. Never use the
product in a moving vehicle if doing so could distract the driver of the vehicle. Adequately secure the
product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident.
Waste disposal
1. If products or their components are mechanically and/or thermally processed in a manner that goes
beyond their intended use, hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust such as lead, beryllium, nickel)
may be released. For this reason, the product may only be disassembled by specially trained
personnel. Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health. National waste disposal
regulations must be observed.
2. If handling the product releases hazardous substances or fuels that must be disposed of in a special
way, e.g. coolants or engine oils that must be replenished regularly, the safety instructions of the
manufacturer of the hazardous substances or fuels and the applicable regional waste disposal
regulations must be observed. Also observe the relevant safety instructions in the product
documentation. The improper disposal of hazardous substances or fuels can cause health problems
and lead to environmental damage.
Informaciones elementales de seguridad
Es imprescindible leer y observar las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad!
El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al día
con los estándares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el máximo grado de seguridad. Nuestros
productos y todos los equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados según las normas de
seguridad vigentes. Nuestro sistema de garantía de calidad controla constantemente que sean cumplidas
estas normas. El presente producto ha sido fabricado y examinado según el certificado de conformidad
adjunto de la UE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado impecable según los estándares técnicos de
seguridad. Para poder preservar este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento libre de peligros, el usuario
deberá atenerse a todas las indicaciones, informaciones de seguridad y notas de alerta. El grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz está siempre a su disposición en caso de que tengan preguntas referentes a
estas informaciones de seguridad.
Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto
está destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o, si ha sido expresamente
autorizado, para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deberá ser utilizado de modo que alguna
persona/cosa pueda sufrir daño. El uso del producto fuera de sus fines definidos o sin tener en cuenta las
instrucciones del fabricante queda en la responsabilidad del usuario. El fabricante no se hace en ninguna
forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del producto.
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 6
Informaciones elementales de seguridad
Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado conforme a las
indicaciones de la correspondiente documentación del producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento
definido (ver hoja de datos, documentación, informaciones de seguridad que siguen). El uso del producto
hace necesarios conocimientos técnicos y ciertos conocimientos del idioma inglés. Por eso se debe tener
en cuenta que el producto solo pueda ser operado por personal especializado o personas instruidas en
profundidad con las capacidades correspondientes. Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de seguridad para el
so de productos de Rohde & Schwarz, encontraría la información debida en la documentación del
u
producto en el capítulo correspondiente. Guarde bien las informaciones de seguridad elementales, así
como la documentación del producto, y entréguelas a usuarios posteriores.
Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para evitar en lo posible lesiones o daños por
peligros de toda clase. Por eso es imprescindible leer detalladamente y comprender por completo las
siguientes informaciones de seguridad antes de usar el producto, y respetarlas durante el uso del
producto. Deberán tenerse en cuenta todas las demás informaciones de seguridad, como p. ej. las
referentes a la protección de personas, que encontrarán en el capítulo correspondiente de la
documentación del producto y que también son de obligado cumplimiento. En las presentes
informaciones de seguridad se recogen todos los objetos que distribuye el grupo de empresas
Rohde & Schwarz bajo la denominación de "producto", entre ellos también aparatos, instalaciones así
como toda clase de accesorios.
Símbolos y definiciones de seguridad
Aviso: punto de
peligro general
Observar la
documentación
del producto
Tensión de
alimentación de
PUESTA EN
MARCHA /
PARADA
Atención en
el manejo de
dispositivos
de peso
elevado
Indicación de
estado de
espera
(Standby)
Peligro de
choque
eléctrico
Corriente
continua (DC)
Advertencia:
superficie
caliente
Conexión a
conductor de
protección
Corriente alterna
(AC)
Conexión
a tierra
Corriente
continua /
Corriente alterna
(DC/AC)
Conexión
a masa
El aparato está protegido
en su totalidad por un
aislamiento doble
(reforzado)
Aviso: Cuidado
en el manejo de
dispositivos
sensibles a la
electrostática
(ESD)
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 7
Informaciones elementales de seguridad
Palabras de señal y su significado
En la documentación del producto se utilizan las siguientes palabras de señal con el fin de advertir contra
riesgos y peligros.
PELIGRO identifica un peligro inminente con riesgo elevado que
provocará muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita.
ADVERTENCIA identifica un posible peligro con riesgo medio de
provocar muerte o lesiones (graves) si no se evita.
ATENCIÓN identifica un peligro con riesgo reducido de provocar
lesiones leves o moderadas si no se evita.
AVISO indica la posibilidad de utilizar mal el producto y, como
consecuencia, dañarlo.
En la documentación del producto se emplea de forma sinónima el
término CUIDADO.
Las palabras de señal corresponden a la definición habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el área
económica europea. Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definición en otras áreas económicas o
en aplicaciones militares. Por eso se deberá tener en cuenta que las palabras de señal aquí descritas
sean utilizadas siempre solamente en combinación con la correspondiente documentación del producto y
solamente en combinación con el producto correspondiente. La utilización de las palabras de señal en
combinación con productos o documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a interpretaciones
equivocadas y tener por consecuencia daños en personas u objetos.
Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento
El producto solamente debe ser utilizado según lo indicado por el fabricante respecto a los estados
operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la ventilación. Si no se siguen las
indicaciones del fabricante, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con
posible consecuencia de muerte. En todos los trabajos deberán ser tenidas en cuenta las normas
nacionales y locales de seguridad del trabajo y de prevención de accidentes.
1. Si no se convino de otra manera, es para los productos Rohde & Schwarz válido lo que sigue:
como posición de funcionamiento se define por principio la posición con el suelo de la caja para
abajo, modo de protección IP 2X, grado de suciedad 2, categoría de sobrecarga eléctrica 2, uso
solamente en estancias interiores, utilización hasta 2000 m sobre el nivel del mar, transporte hasta
4500 m sobre el nivel del mar. Se aplicará una tolerancia de ±10 % sobre el voltaje nominal y de
±5 % sobre la frecuencia nominal.
2. No sitúe el producto encima de superficies, vehículos, estantes o mesas, que por sus características
de peso o de estabilidad no sean aptos para él. Siga siempre las instrucciones de instalación del
fabricante cuando instale y asegure el producto en objetos o estructuras (p. ej. paredes y estantes). Si
se realiza la instalación de modo distinto al indicado en la documentación del producto, pueden
causarse lesiones o incluso la muerte.
3. No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que generen calor (p. ej. radiadores o calefactores). La
temperatura ambiente no debe superar la temperatura máxima especificada en la documentación del
producto o en la hoja de datos. En caso de sobrecalentamiento del producto, pueden producirse
choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte.
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 8
Informaciones elementales de seguridad
Seguridad eléctrica
Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones del fabricante en cuanto a seguridad
eléctrica, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia
de muerte.
1. Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto se deberá comprobar siempre que la tensión
reseleccionada en el producto coincida con la de la red de alimentación eléctrica. Si es necesario
p
modificar el ajuste de tensión, también se deberán cambiar en caso dado los fusibles
correspondientes del producto.
2. Los productos de la clase de protección I con alimentación móvil y enchufe individual solamente
podrán enchufarse a tomas de corriente con contacto de seguridad y con conductor de protección
conectado.
3. Queda prohibida la interrupción intencionada del conductor de protección, tanto en la toma de
corriente como en el mismo producto. La interrupción puede tener como consecuencia el riesgo de
que el producto sea fuente de choques eléctricos. Si se utilizan cables alargadores o regletas de
enchufe, deberá garantizarse la realización de un examen regular de los mismos en cuanto a su
estado técnico de seguridad.
4. Si el producto no está equipado con un interruptor para desconectarlo de la red, se deberá considerar
el enchufe del cable de conexión como interruptor. En estos casos se deberá asegurar que el enchufe
siempre sea de fácil acceso (de acuerdo con la longitud del cable de conexión, aproximadamente
2 m). Los interruptores de función o electrónicos no son aptos para el corte de la red eléctrica. Si los
productos sin interruptor están integrados en bastidores o instalaciones, se deberá colocar el
interruptor en el nivel de la instalación.
5. No utilice nunca el producto si está dañado el cable de conexión a red. Compruebe regularmente el
correcto estado de los cables de conexión a red. Asegúrese, mediante las medidas de protección y
de instalación adecuadas, de que el cable de conexión a red no pueda ser dañado o de que nadie
pueda ser dañado por él, p. ej. al tropezar o por un choque eléctrico.
6. Solamente está permitido el funcionamiento en redes de alimentación TN/TT aseguradas con fusibles
de 16 A como máximo (utilización de fusibles de mayor amperaje solo previa consulta con el grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz).
7. Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de corriente sucias o llenas de polvo. Introduzca el enchufe por
completo y fuertemente en la toma de corriente. La no observación de estas medidas puede provocar
chispas, fuego y/o lesiones.
8. No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente, los cables alargadores o las regletas de enchufe ya que esto
podría causar fuego o choques eléctricos.
9. En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente con una tensión U
> 30 V se deberán tomar las medidas
eff
apropiadas para impedir cualquier peligro (p. ej. medios de medición adecuados, seguros, limitación
de tensión, corte protector, aislamiento etc.).
10. Para la conexión con dispositivos informáticos como un PC o un ordenador industrial, debe
comprobarse que éstos cumplan los estándares IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 o IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1
válidos en cada caso.
11. A menos que esté permitido expresamente, no retire nunca la tapa ni componentes de la carcasa
mientras el producto esté en servicio. Esto pone a descubierto los cables y componentes eléctricos y
puede causar lesiones, fuego o daños en el producto.
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 9
Informaciones elementales de seguridad
12. Si un producto se instala en un lugar fijo, se deberá primero conectar el conductor de protección fijo
con el conductor de protección del producto antes de hacer cualquier otra conexión. La instalación y
la conexión deberán ser efectuadas por un electricista especializado.
13. En el caso de dispositivos fijos que no estén provistos de fusibles, interruptor automático ni otros
mecanismos de seguridad similares, el circuito de alimentación debe estar protegido de modo que
todas las personas que puedan acceder al producto, así como el producto mismo, estén a salvo de
posibles daños.
14. Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensión (debida p. ej. a una caída del rayo) mediante
los correspondientes sistemas de protección. Si no, el personal que lo utilice quedará expuesto al
peligro de choque eléctrico.
15. No debe introducirse en los orificios de la caja del aparato ningún objeto que no esté destinado a ello.
Esto puede producir cortocircuitos en el producto y/o puede causar choques eléctricos, fuego o
lesiones.
16. Salvo indicación contraria, los productos no están impermeabilizados (ver también el capítulo
"Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento", punto 1). Por eso es necesario tomar las
medidas necesarias para evitar la entrada de líquidos. En caso contrario, existe peligro de choque
eléctrico para el usuario o de daños en el producto, que también pueden redundar en peligro para las
personas.
17. No utilice el producto en condiciones en las que pueda producirse o ya se hayan producido
condensaciones sobre el producto o en el interior de éste, como p. ej. al desplazarlo de un lugar frío a
otro caliente. La entrada de agua aumenta el riesgo de choque eléctrico.
18. Antes de la limpieza, desconecte por completo el producto de la alimentación de tensión (p. ej. red de
alimentación o batería). Realice la limpieza de los aparatos con un paño suave, que no se deshilache.
No utilice bajo ningún concepto productos de limpieza químicos como alcohol, acetona o diluyentes
para lacas nitrocelulósicas.
Funcionamiento
1. El uso del producto requiere instrucciones especiales y una alta concentración durante el manejo.
Debe asegurarse que las personas que manejen el producto estén a la altura de los requerimientos
necesarios en cuanto a aptitudes físicas, psíquicas y emocionales, ya que de otra manera no se
pueden excluir lesiones o daños de objetos. El empresario u operador es responsable de seleccionar
el personal usuario apto para el manejo del producto.
2. Antes de desplazar o transportar el producto, lea y tenga en cuenta el capítulo "Transporte".
3. Como con todo producto de fabricación industrial no puede quedar excluida en general la posibilidad
de que se produzcan alergias provocadas por algunos materiales empleados, los llamados alérgenos
(p. ej. el níquel). Si durante el manejo de productos Rohde & Schwarz se producen reacciones
alérgicas, como p. ej. irritaciones cutáneas, estornudos continuos, enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva o
dificultades respiratorias, debe avisarse inmediatamente a un médico para investigar las causas y
evitar cualquier molestia o daño a la salud.
4. Antes de la manipulación mecánica y/o térmica o el desmontaje del producto, debe tenerse en cuenta
imprescindiblemente el capítulo "Eliminación", punto 1.
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 10
Informaciones elementales de seguridad
5. Ciertos productos, como p. ej. las instalaciones de radiocomunicación RF, pueden a causa de su
función natural, emitir una radiación electromagnética aumentada. Deben tomarse todas las medidas
necesarias para la protección de las mujeres embarazadas. También las personas con marcapasos
pueden correr peligro a causa de la radiación electromagnética. El empresario/operador tiene la
obligación de evaluar y señalizar las áreas de trabajo en las que exista un riesgo elevado de
exposición a radiaciones.
6. Tenga en cuenta que en caso de incendio pueden desprenderse del producto sustancias tóxicas
(gases, líquidos etc.) que pueden generar daños a la salud. Por eso, en caso de incendio deben
usarse medidas adecuadas, como p. ej. máscaras antigás e indumentaria de protección.
7. En caso de que un producto Rohde & Schwarz contenga un producto láser (p. ej. un lector de
CD/DVD), no debe usarse ninguna otra configuración o función aparte de las descritas en la
documentación del producto, a fin de evitar lesiones (p. ej. debidas a irradiación láser).
Reparación y mantenimiento
1. El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con autorización para ello. Antes
de manipular el producto o abrirlo, es obligatorio desconectarlo de la tensión de alimentación, para
evitar toda posibilidad de choque eléctrico.
2. El ajuste, el cambio de partes, el mantenimiento y la reparación deberán ser efectuadas solamente
por electricistas autorizados por Rohde & Schwarz. Si se reponen partes con importancia para los
aspectos de seguridad (p. ej. el enchufe, los transformadores o los fusibles), solamente podrán ser
sustituidos por partes originales. Después de cada cambio de partes relevantes para la seguridad
deberá realizarse un control de seguridad (control a primera vista, control del conductor de
protección, medición de resistencia de aislamiento, medición de la corriente de fuga, control de
funcionamiento). Con esto queda garantizada la seguridad del producto.
Baterías y acumuladores o celdas
Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones en cuanto a las baterías y
acumuladores o celdas, pueden producirse explosiones, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible
consecuencia de muerte. El manejo de baterías y acumuladores con electrolitos alcalinos (p. ej. celdas de
litio) debe seguir el estándar EN 62133.
1. No deben desmontarse, abrirse ni triturarse las celdas.
2. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a calor ni fuego. Debe evitarse el almacenamiento a la luz
directa del sol. Las celdas y baterías deben mantenerse limpias y secas. Limpiar las conexiones
sucias con un paño seco y limpio.
3. Las celdas o baterías no deben cortocircuitarse. Es peligroso almacenar las celdas o baterías en
estuches o cajones en cuyo interior puedan cortocircuitarse por contacto recíproco o por contacto con
otros materiales conductores. No deben extraerse las celdas o baterías de sus embalajes originales
hasta el momento en que vayan a utilizarse.
4. Mantener baterías y celdas fuera del alcance de los niños. En caso de ingestión de una celda o
batería, avisar inmediatamente a un médico.
5. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a impactos mecánicos fuertes indebidos.
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 11
Informaciones elementales de seguridad
6. En caso de falta de estanqueidad de una celda, el líquido vertido no debe entrar en contacto con la
piel ni los ojos. Si se produce contacto, lavar con agua abundante la zona afectada y avisar a un
médico.
7. En caso de cambio o recarga inadecuados, las celdas o baterías que contienen electrolitos alcalinos
(p. ej. las celdas de litio) pueden explotar. Para garantizar la seguridad del producto, las celdas o
baterías solo deben ser sustituidas por el tipo Rohde & Schwarz correspondiente (ver lista de
recambios).
8. Las baterías y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura doméstica. Las baterías o
acumuladores que contienen plomo, mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales.
Respete en esta relación las normas nacionales de eliminación y reciclaje.
Transporte
1. El producto puede tener un peso elevado. Por eso es necesario desplazarlo o transportarlo con
precaución y, si es necesario, usando un sistema de elevación adecuado (p. ej. una carretilla
elevadora), a fin de evitar lesiones en la espalda u otros daños personales.
2. Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven solamente de ayuda para el transporte del producto por
personas. Por eso no está permitido utilizar las asas para la sujeción en o sobre medios de transporte
como p. ej. grúas, carretillas elevadoras de horquilla, carros etc. Es responsabilidad suya fijar los
productos de manera segura a los medios de transporte o elevación. Para evitar daños personales o
daños en el producto, siga las instrucciones de seguridad del fabricante del medio de transporte o
elevación utilizado.
3. Si se utiliza el producto dentro de un vehículo, recae de manera exclusiva en el conductor la
responsabilidad de conducir el vehículo de manera segura y adecuada. El fabricante no asumirá
ninguna responsabilidad por accidentes o colisiones. No utilice nunca el producto dentro de un
vehículo en movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al conductor. Asegure el producto dentro del vehículo
debidamente para evitar, en caso de un accidente, lesiones u otra clase de daños.
Eliminación
1. Si se trabaja de manera mecánica y/o térmica cualquier producto o componente más allá del
funcionamiento previsto, pueden liberarse sustancias peligrosas (polvos con contenido de metales
pesados como p. ej. plomo, berilio o níquel). Por eso el producto solo debe ser desmontado por
personal especializado con formación adecuada. Un desmontaje inadecuado puede ocasionar daños
para la salud. Se deben tener en cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes a la eliminación de
residuos.
2. En caso de que durante el trato del producto se formen sustancias peligrosas o combustibles que
deban tratarse como residuos especiales (p. ej. refrigerantes o aceites de motor con intervalos de
cambio definidos), deben tenerse en cuenta las indicaciones de seguridad del fabricante de dichas
sustancias y las normas regionales de eliminación de residuos. Tenga en cuenta también en caso
necesario las indicaciones de seguridad especiales contenidas en la documentación del producto. La
eliminación incorrecta de sustancias peligrosas o combustibles puede causar daños a la salud o
daños al medio ambiente.
1171.0000.42-05.00 Page 12
R&S PR100 Content
1Content
1CONTENT 16
2QUALITY CERTIFICATE 28
3CE CERTIFICATE 29
4SUPPORT CENTER ADDRESS 30
5FUNCTIONING OF THE R&S®PR100 31
6INITIAL OPERATION 36
Front view 36
Top view 37
Unpacking the instrument 38
Setting up the instrument 38
Inserting the battery 40
Connecting to the power supply 40
Charging the battery 41
Switching the monitoring receiver on and off 43
Ambient and operating conditions 43
Preventive maintenance 44
Connectors on the monitoring receiver 45
Description and configuration of the connectors 50
Basic Settings 52
6.1.2Screen Settings 52
6.1.3Country-Specific Settings 53
6.1.4Setting the Date and Time 54
6.1.5Setting the Time of Day 55
Firmware update 56
6.1.6Firmware Update with the SD Card 56
6.1.7Firmware Update with the Firmware Upgrade Tool 57
7OPERATION 58
Scan modes in the R&S PR100 58
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 16
R&S PR100 Content
Receive section 59
7.1.1Demodulation Path 59
7.1.2FFM, Fixed Frequency Mode 63
7.1.3FSCAN 70
.1.4
7
Spectral section 76
7.1.5Settings in FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN 77
7.1.6Configuring the Input and Output 77
Display and evaluation 78
Memory system 88
File system 91
Antenna service menu 97
7.1.7Firmware Update 97
7.1.8Compass Calibration 101
Options 103
7.1.9Option Code Activation 103
7.1.10Panorama Scan Option 104
7.1.11Internal Recording Option 110
7.1.12Field Strength Measurement Option 116
7.1.13Remote Control Option 121
7.1.14External Triggered Measurement Option 123
7.1.15Frequency Processing Option 127
7.1.16Option Global Positioning System 130
SCAN 73
M
8TROUBLESHOOTING 141
9SCPI INTERFACE 143
Document Outline 143
9.1.1List of figures 144
9.1.2List of tables 146
9.1.3List of commands 148
9.1.4Conventions Used in the Documentation 160
10SCPI COMMANDS 161
SCPI Introduction 161
10.1.1Common Command Structure 162
10.1.2Device-Specific Command Structure 162
10.1.3Structure of a Command Line 164
10.1.4Responses to Queries 164
10.1.5Parameters 165
Status Reporting 168
10.1.6Structure of an SCPI Status Register 168
10.1.7Description of the Status Registers 172
10.1.7.1Status Byte (STB) and Service Request Enable Register (SRE) 172
10.1.7.2IST Flag and Parallel Poll Enable (PPE) Register 173
10.1.7.3Event Status Register (ESR) and Event Status Enable (ESE) Register 173
10.1.7.4STATus:OPERation Register 173
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 17
R&S PR100 Content
10.1.7.5
10.1.7.6STATus:TRACe Register 174
10.1.7.7STATus:EXTension Register 175
10.1.7.8STATus:QUEStionable Register 177
0.1.8
1
10.1.8.1Service Request, making use of the hierarchy structure 178
10.1.8.2Query by means of Commands 179
10.1.8.3Error-Queue Query 179
10.1.9Resetting Values of the Status Reporting System 179
Figure 13-2: Antenna elevation and roll .............................................................................................. 406
Figure 14-1: Trace record file contents ............................................................................................... 407
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 27
R&S PR100 Quality Certificate
2Quality Certificate
Dear Customer,
Thank you for purchasing a Rohde & Schwarz product.
This product is manufactured using state-of-the-art production methods. It is developed, produced and
tested in accordance with the rules of our Quality Management System. The Rohde & Schwarz Quality
Management System is ISO 9001 certified.
Certified Quality System
ISO 9001
DQS REG. NO 1954-04
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 28
R&S PR100 CE Certificate
3CE Certificate
Note:
The applicable CE standards are fulfilled only under the following operating conditions:
- The connecting cable for the DC supply voltage must be shorter than 3 m.
- Direct operation of the R&S PR100 from the onboard DC power supply system of an aircraft is
prohibited.
The receiver may not be operated if these conditions are not fulfilled.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 29
R&S PR100 Support Center Address
4Support Center Address
Should you have any questions regarding this Rohde & Schwarz instrument, please call our Support
Center hotline at Rohde & Schwarz Vertriebs-GmbH.
Our team will be happy to answer your questions and work with you to find a solution.
The hotline is open Monday to Friday between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m (Central European Time).
Should you wish to contact us outside normal business hours, please leave a voice message or send
us a fax or email. We will contact you as soon as possible.
If you would like to receive information on modifications and updates for a specific instrument, please
send us a short email stating which instrument. We will ensure that you regularly receive the latest
information.
Starting from the antenna socket, the frequency in the signal path is limited to 8 GHz. Signal
processing then takes place in three paths for three different frequency ranges. Signals from 9 kHz to
30 MHz are routed via a preamplifier directly to the A/D converter. Signals from 20 MHz to 3.5 GHz
are fed to the IF section via a preselection and a preamplifier, or via an attenuator pad in the case of
high signal levels. The preselection as well as the attenuator pad effectively protect the IF section
against overloading. This is particularly important in this frequency range, where the maximum signal
sum levels occur. Signals from 3.5 GHz to 8 GHz are fed to the IF section via a preamplifier. The
three-stage IF section processes the signals from 20 MHz to 8 GHz for the subsequent A/D converter.
To provide optimum instrument performance, only signals up to 7.5 GHz are processed in the
subsequent stages. The uncontrolled 21.4 MHz IF can also be tapped ahead of the A/D converter via
a BNC socket of the R&S®PR100 for further external processing.
Fig. 5-1: Block diagram, frontend
Digital signal processing
Following A/D conversion of the received signal, the signal path splits: The IF spectrum is computed
via a digital downconverter (DDC), a digital bandpass filter and the FFT block. The user can set the
bandwidth of the bandpass filter in a range from 1 kHz to 10 MHz. Before the IF spectrum is output on
the display or via the LAN interface, results are postprocessed by means of the AVERAGE, MIN
HOLD or MAX HOLD function as selected by the user. The second DDC and bandpass filter are used
to prepare the signal for level measurement or demodulation. To process the different signals with the
optimum signal-to-noise ratio, the receiver contains IF filters with bandwidths from 150 Hz to 500 kHz,
which can be selected independently of the IF bandwidth.
Prior to the level measurement, the magnitude of the level is determined and weighted by means of
the AVERAGE, MAX PEAK, RMS or SAMPLE function, as selected by the user. Next, the measured
level is output via the display or the LAN interface. For the demodulation of analog signals, the
complex baseband data is subjected to automatic gain control (AGC) or manual gain control (MGC)
after the bandpass filter. It is then fed to the AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB, pulse or CW demodulation
stage. The complex baseband data (I/Q data) representing the digitized signal is output directly
following the AGC/MGC block via the LAN interface.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 31
R&S PR100 Functioning of the R&S®PR100
The results that are obtained are available in digital format and can be output as required via the LAN
interface. Digital audio data are reconverted to analog signals for output via the loudspeaker.
Fig. 5-2: Block diagram, digital signal processing
High receiver sensitivity, high signal resolution
The R&S® PR100 features an IF bandwidth of up to 10 MHz. This allows even very short signal
pulses to be detected since the receiver displays the large bandwidth of 10 MHz in a single spectrum
about the set center frequency without any scanning required. The widest IF bandwidth of 10 MHz
yields the widest spectral display; the narrowest IF bandwidth of 1 kHz yields maximum sensitivity.
The IF spectrum is digitally calculated by means of a fast Fourier transform (FFT). Usage of FFTs in
the IF stage has a significant benefit: Significantly more sensitive and higher-resolution reception
compared to conventional analog receivers with the same spectral bandwidth.
IF spectrum
For example, if the setting B
IF spectrum
= 10 kHz is chosen for sensitive signal reception, the following
steps will occur schematically in the FFT computation of the IF spectrum: Due to the finite edge
steepness of the IF filter, the sampling rate f
bandwidth B
IF spectrum
. The quotient of the sampling rate and the IF bandwidth is thus a value > 1 and is
must be greater than the selected IF spectrum
S
a measure of the edge steepness of the IF filter.
This relationship is expressed by the following two formulas:
f
s
B
SpectrumIF
=
const
or
constBf
=
*
SpectrumIFs
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 32
R&S PR100 Functioning of the R&S®PR100
2048
2048
The value of the constant is dependent on the selected IF bandwidth, i.e. it may vary as a function of
the IF bandwidth. For an IF bandwidth of
B
F spectrum
I
wide, a sampling rate of f
= 10 kHz, this constant is equal to 1.28. In order to display an IF spectrum that is 10 kHz
= 12.8 kHz is thus required. The R&S®PR100 uses a standard FFT length
S
N of 2048 points to generate the IF spectrum. To calculate these points, the 12.8 kHz sampling band
n the above example is divided into 2048 equidistant frequency slices, which are also referred to as
i
bins (see figure "Signal processing for IF spectrum"). The bandwidth BW
of the frequency slices is
bin
obtained as follows:
BW
Bin
f
S
8,12
kHz
Hz
25,6
===
This means that in the above example only the calculated bandwidth of 6.25 Hz for each bin has to be
taken into account as the noise bandwidth in the calculation of the displayed average noise floor
(DANL) in accordance with the formula below (the effect of the window function (Blackman window) of
the FFT is not considered here for simplicity's sake):
DANL = –174 dBm + NF + 10 · log(BW
bin
/Hz)
The quantity NF represents the overall noise figure of the receiver. The above example shows that,
due to the use of the FFT, the actual resolution bandwidth (RBW) to be taken into account in DANL
calculation is clearly smaller (i.e. BW
) than would be expected for the wide display range of 10 kHz.
in
b
Another advantage of the high spectral resolution used in the FFT calculation is that signals located
close together (e.g. f
, f2, f3) can be detected and represented in the IF spectrum as discrete signals
1
(see figure "Signal display in IF spectrum"). If, comparable to the operation of an analog receiver, a
resolution bandwidth equal to the set IF bandwidth was selected (RBW = BWIF spectrum), a sum
signal f
would be displayed instead of the three discrete signals f1, f2and f3.
sum
Fig. 5-3: Actual sampling bandwidth compared with selected IF bandwidth
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 33
R&S PR100 Functioning of the R&S®PR100
Fig. 5-4: Signal resolution in the IF spectrum with digital and analog receiver concept
Panorama scan
The receiver's maximum FFT bandwidth of 10 MHz makes it possible to perform extremely fast scans
across a wide frequency range (panorama scan). For this purpose, frequency windows of max.
10 MHz width are linked in succession, and thus the complete, predefined scan range is traversed
(see figure "Signal processing in panorama scan mode"). Analogous to the IF spectrum, an FFT is
used to process the broad window with a finer resolution. The width of the frequency windows and the
FFT length (number of FFT points) are variable and are selected by the receiver. In the panorama
scan mode, the user can select among 12 resolution bandwidths from 125 Hz to 100 kHz. The
resolution bandwidth corresponds to the width of the frequency slices (bin width) mentioned under "IF
spectrum" above. Based on the selected bin width and the start and stop frequency, the R&S®PR100
automatically determines the required FFT length and the width of the frequency windows for each
scan step. The receiver selects these internal parameters so that the optimum scan speed is achieved
for each resolution bandwidth (see figure "Resolution in panorama scan mode").
In panorama scan mode, the resolution bandwidth of 100 kHz yields the maximum scan speed, while
the resolution bandwidth of 125 Hz yields maximum sensitivity. The resolution bandwidth (bin width)
for the panorama scan (selectable between 125 Hz and 100 kHz) therefore corresponds to the
resolution bandwidth used in the DANL calculation (see "IF spectrum" above), and can thus be used
for calculating the DANL for the panorama scan. Moreover, the user selects the resolution bandwidth
to obtain the desired frequency resolution (see figure "Bin width and channel spacing").
Fig. 5-5: Basic sequence of steps in fast panorama scan mode
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 34
R&S PR100 Functioning of the R&S®PR100
Fig. 5-6: Selection of resolution for panorama scan by varying the bin width
Fig. 5-7: Selection of 12.5 kHz bin width
to capture a radio service using
12.5 kHz channel spacing
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 35
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
6Initial Operation
Front view
Fig. 6-1: R&S PR100 front view
1 AUX2 / Ext. Ref. / IF interfaces 8 Input keys
2 LAN and USB connector 9 Unit keys
1
14
2
3
4
5
6
13
12
7
11
8
9
10
3 Softkeys 10 Cursor keys
4 Function keys 11 Keyboard lock
5 Function keys 12 Rotary knob
6 (Alpha)numeric keypad 13 Memory access keys
7 Electrical signal, rising edge / on-off
switch
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 36
14 SD card slot
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Top view
Antenna connector
Function keys
Keyboard
Rotary
Headphone
Volume control
Function control and
display elements
AUX1 connector
Fig. 6-2: R&S PR100 top view
The following section describes how to set up the instrument and how to connect external
devices including the charger.
Afterwards, some typical application examples are discussed with screenshots provided for
context.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 37
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Unpacking the instrument
The R&S® PR100 is shipped in a form-fitted package consisting of a top shell and a bottom
shell. The two shells are held together by a sleeve around the package.
All of the supplied accessories are contained in the package.
Open the sleeve to unpack the instrument.
Remove the R&S® PR100 and the accessories.
Remove the plastic film used to protect the screen.
Setting up the instrument
The R&S® PR100 portable monitoring receiver is designed for stationary operation as well as for
operation in a vehicle or for especially portable operation.
For any operating scenario, the instrument can be set up for optimum operation and viewing angle of
the display.
When used as a desktop instrument, the R&S® PR100 can either be placed flat on the table, or an
optimal viewing angle from the front can be obtained by extending the folding support on the rear.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 38
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
For portable operation, it is recommended to use the receiver with the chest carrying support. This
enables good access to all of the controls as well as optimum viewing of the display.
For any operating scenario, the instrument can be set up for optimum operation and viewing angle of
he display.
t
hen used as a desktop instrument, the R&S® PR100 can either be placed flat on the table, or an
W
optimal viewing angle from the front can be obtained by extending the folding support on the rear.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 39
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Inserting the battery
The R&S® PR100 is equipped with a lithium ion battery.
The HA-Z206 battery pack has a charging capacity of 6.75 Ah.
The battery is inserted at the bottom on the right side of the instrument.
To do this, the cover must be pulled down to release it and then lifted up to open it.
hen the instrument is shipped, the battery is NOT installed in the R&S® PR100. It must be inserted
W
into the instrument to begin operation.
Connecting to the power supply
The R&S®PR100 can be operated using the supplied power supply or from the internal battery. When
fully charged, the built-in lithium ion battery permits approx. 3.5 hours of operation. The battery
provided for the R&S
to use it without an AC power connection, you will therefore need to charge it. If the instrument is
switched off, the charging time is approx. four hours. When powered from the AC line, the R&S
PR100 simultaneously charges the internal battery. Insert the power adapter plug into the POWER
ADAPTER socket on the left-hand side of the instrument until it clicks into place. Then connect the
adapter to the AC power socket..
The adapter voltage range is 100 V to 240 V AC / 50 Hz to 60 Hz.
The DC voltage supply range for the R&S
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 40
®
PR100 might be uncharged when the instrument is received. Should you wish
®
®
PR100 is equal to +15 V DC +/-10%, max. 2 A.
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Caution!
The supplied R&S® HA-Z201 power supply may be used only for
operation or for charging the battery from the AC line.
Prior to usage, ensure that the AC voltage corresponds to the
voltage indicated on the power supply. Attach the proper adapter
to the power supply before plugging it into the AC power.
he R&S® HA-Z201 power supply may be operated only within
T
its permissible temperature range from 0°C to 40°C. Outside of
this temperature range, an external DC power supply must be
used.
The external DC power supply must comply with
IEC / EN / UL / CSA 60950-1 or
IEC / EN / UL / CSA 61010-1 (applicable current versions).
Charging the battery
The R&S® PR100 is equipped with a lithium ion battery. With the battery fully charged at room
temperature, the operating time is approx. 3.5 hours.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 41
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Caution!
hen stored for a longer period of time, the battery charge will diminish on its own. Make sure to
W
charge the battery prior to longer periods of operation without AC power.
The instantaneous charge status for the battery pack is shown on the instrument's display at the top
right.
The battery is charged using the supplied power supply directly in the instrument, or with the optionally
available R&S® HA-Z203 external charging adapter.
Charging takes approx. 7 hours with the device switched on.
To make sure the battery charges quickly, it is highly recommended to power off the instrument during
the charging procedure (the charge time is then equal to approx. 4 hours).
During the external charging procedure, the battery is inserted into the R&S® HA-Z203 external
charging adapter and supplied with power via the power supply.
The battery is not fully charged when the R&S® PR100 is
shipped from the factory.
It must be charged during setup of the instrument.
This is the same R&S® HA-Z201 power supply that is used to power the instrument itself.
To extend the operating time obtained using battery power, the R&S® PR100 has a power down
mode to automatically switch off the power after a selectable interval (5 minutes or 30 minutes) has
elapsed since the most recent input.
The power down mode is deactivated in the default setting.
When the R&S® PR100 is powered on, it assumes the same settings as when it was last powered off.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 42
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Switching the monitoring receiver on and off
Press the gray start key (7) at the bottom left of the front panel to power on the R&S® PR100.
When the R&S® PR100 is powered on, it assumes the same settings as when it was last powered off.
Various reset actions can be executed when the instrument is powered on.
Proceed as follows:
Switch off receiver
Press and hold the keys indicated in the following table
Press and release the gray start key
Hold the keys indicated in the table for another 5 seconds and then release them
Keys Action Visible reaction
LOCK Reset user settings to factory default settings.
This primarily concerns the configuration settings
(CONF).
LOCK, '8' Load new firmware; see section 6.1.6 (p. 56).
Configuration is reset to factory default settings.
LOCK, 'F6' Format flash memory.
Configuration is reset to factory default settings.
Memory and suppress lists are deleted, user
presets are deleted,
antenna list and K-factor tables are deleted and
replaced with factory default settings.
Note: This data (except for the user presets) can
be exported to a PC using the supplied PRView
software.
LOCK, '3', '5' Invoke 'Eboot' boot loader (only for service cases)
Receiver boots up somewhat
slower.
White screen with message
"Firmware Update";
progress bar increments as
blocks are written.
White screen with message
"Formatting Flash";
progress bar with rotating bars.
To power down the receiver, briefly press the start key. The R&S PR100 will save its current settings
and shut off.
In case of a problem, it might be necessary to press and hold the start key for approx. 10 seconds to
perform a hardware shutdown.
Ambient and operating conditions
Reliable operation of the R&S® PR100 is ensured under the following ambient and operating
conditions:
Air humidity max. 95%
Nominal operating altitude max. 4,600 m above sea level
Transport elevation max. 12,000 m above sea level
Overvoltage category 2
Pollution severity 2
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 43
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Preventive maintenance
If the R&S® PR100 becomes soiled, clean it with a moist, soft cloth and a mild cleaning agent.
In case of a problem, replace the following safety-relevant accessories only with original R&S® spare
parts:
Power supply 1309.6100.00
attery charger 1309.6123.00
B
Battery pack, 6-cell 1309.6149.00
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 44
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Connectors on the monitoring receiver
The R&S® PR100 has the following connectors:
RF input
Connect the RF input to the antenna using a cable with an N connector. Make sure that the input is
not overloaded.
Caution! The maximum permissible continuous power level to the RF input
is +20 dBm (100 mW)
The maximum permissible DC voltage at the RF input is 0 VDC.
Headphone connector
A 3.5 mm stereo connector is provided for headphones. The internal impedance of the connector is
approx. 100 Ohm.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 45
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
AUX1 IN/OUT (at top)
External control signals can be fed to the receiver via the AUX1 input/output, for example.
AUX2 IN/OUT
Control signals for externally triggered test procedures (e.g. for coverage measurement applications)
are supplied to the receiver via the AUX2 input/output.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 46
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
External reference input
A 10 MHz reference signal for frequency synchronization is supplied via the BNC socket labeled REF
N. The level of the reference signal must be greater than 0 dBm.
I
IF output
The uncontrolled 21.4 MHz IF signal is provided for external use via the BNC socket labeled IF WB.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 47
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
accessories).
USB interface
A USB1.1 interface is provided in the instrument for reading out data saved on the SD card.
LAN interface
A 10/100 Base-T LAN interface is provided in the receiver for fast read-out of data saved on the SD
card and also for remote operation of the receiver.
To comply with the EMC directive (R&TTE),
only LAN cables having a length less than
3 m may be used (see recommended
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 48
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Mechanical security for the instrument
To provide mechanical security for the R&S® PR100 on a desktop, a "Kensington Lock" can be
attached to the receiver's housing.
SD memory card
The SD card for saving measurement results or user settings is inserted on the top right side of the
®
PR100.
R&S
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 49
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Description and configuration of the connectors
Voltage supply
15 V DC +/- 10%, max. 2 A
DC coaxial connector on receiver, plus voltage on inner pin
Suitable plug JSBP5 (external Ø 6.5 mm, internal Ø 4.3 mm, pin Ø 1.4 mm, shaft length 9.5
mm)
DC cable length < 3 m
Direct operation from the onboard DC power supply system of an aircraft is prohibited
Associated SCPI commands:
Query battery or AC power DIAGnostic[:SERVice]:ADAPter[:STATe]?
RF input
N female
Max. +20 dBm / 100 mW
No DC component allowed
10 dB attenuator pad (above 30 MHz) can be enabled
Associated SCPI commands:
Switch attenuator pad on/off INPut:ATTenuation:STATe<Boolean>
.................................... 197
....................................... 222
Headphone connector
3.5 mm stereo connector (female)
Impedance approx. 100 Ohm
All of the inputs and outputs use TTL low levels,
i.e. low = 0 V to 0.8 V, high = 2.0 V to 3.3 V.
RXD and TXD form a RS232 connection (low level TTL). TxD is the data output from the R&S PR100,
and RxD is the data input to the R&S PR100.
The RS232 parameters are set by the R&S PR100 firmware. For GPS devices (e.g. the GPS compass
in the HE300 antenna), the settings are as follows: 19200 baud, even parity, 1 stop bit, 8 data bits.
External reference input
BNC female
External 10 MHz reference frequency
Level min. 0 dBm
USB Mini-B female
USB 1.1
Receiver functions only as USB slave
USB allows:
File access to SD card
For information about the PRView software, see section Memory system (p. 88).
LAN interface
RJ45 female
Tolerates crosslink cables
10M/100M speed
DHCP-enabled
IP address, subnet and gateway can be set
Requires remote control option
..................... 308
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 51
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
LAN allows:
SCPI remote control
UDP data streams
Remote firmware update using update tool
Usage of the PRView software
Usage of the PR100Control remote operating software
Associated SCPI commands:
LAN settings SYSTem:COMMunicate:SOCKet:ADDRess<ip-address>
SD memory card
Max. capacity 32 GB (but max. file size is 4 GB)
A class 6 card is needed for the internal recording option; see section 7.1.11 (p. 110).
The card should be formatted by the R&S PR100 for good performance; see section 7.1.11 (p.
The screen used in the R&S®PR100 consists of a 6.5" VGA display (640 x 480 pixels). The
backlighting can be varied from 0% to 100% brightness.
For a good balance between operating time under battery power and display quality, it is
recommended to set the backlighting only as bright is as needed.
Note: The location of the key on the instrument is indicated in parentheses after the key name
hereafter
(see Fig. 6-1on p. 36), e.g. "LOCK (11) key".
Setting the brightness
Press the CONF (5) key.
Press the GENERAL softkey.
Use the rotary knob (12) or the cursor keys (10) to choose the desired setting and confirm the
selection by pressing the ENTER key (8).
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 52
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Fig. 6-4: Setting the display brightness
Setting the color scheme
Press the CONF (5) key.
Press the GENERAL softkey.
Use the rotary knob (12) or the cursor keys (10) to choose the desired setting and confirm the
selection by pressing the ENTER key.
Fig. 6-5: Setting the color scheme for the display
6.1.3 Country-Specific Settings
The R&S®PR100 offers the following choice of languages for text output:
German
English
French
Portuguese
Russian
Spanish
Czech
Simplified Chinese
The labeling of the softkeys is always in English. The default setting (factory setting) is also English.
Setting the language
Press the CONF (5) key.
Press the GENERAL softkey.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 53
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Use the rotary knob (12) or the cursor keys (10) to choose the desired setting and confirm the
selection by pressing the ENTER key (8).
The new language will not be enabled until the receiver is switched off and back on again.
Fig. 6-6: Setting the receiver's menu language
6.1.4 Setting the Date and Time
The R&S®PR100 has an internal clock which is used to provide saved data sets with a date and time
of day stamp, for example. The user can reset the date and time of day if required.
Setting the date
Press the CONF (5) key.
Press the GENERAL softkey.
Enter the date using the numeric keypad (6) and confirm the selection by pressing the ENTER
key (8).
Fig. 6-7: Setting the date on the receiver
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 54
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Setting the date format
Fig. 6-8: Setting the date format
- Press the CONF (5) key.
- Press the GENERAL softkey.
- Use the rotary knob (12) or the cursor keys (10) to choose the desired setting and confirm the
selection by pressing the ENTER key (8).
6.1.5 Setting the Time of Day
Press the CONF (5) key.
Press the GENERAL softkey.
Enter the time of day using the numeric keypad (6) and confirm the selection by pressing the
ENTER key (8).
Invalid minute values will be displayed inverted and the user must correct them.
Fig. 6-9: Setting the time of day
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 55
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
Firmware update
In order to be able to use all of the features of the R&S®PR100, it is recommended to update the
instrument to the latest firmware version.
®
The latest firmware can be downloaded from the R&S
terms PR100 firmware).
6.1.6 Firmware Update with the SD Card
This method works well if the SD card is directly accessible and no LAN connection to the PR100 is
desired, or if the remote control option is not installed in the PR100.
The firmware to be installed must first be copied to an SD card (e.g. HA-Z231, order number
1309.6217.00).
The following files must be copied to the SD card:
website (www.rohde-schwarz.com, search
The version numbers of the individual files (e.g. V2_00) are dependent on the current firmware
version.
Note!
Only one file of each type may be saved in the root directory of
the SD card. The update procedure will be interrupted if two
different versions of a given file type are found.
\Switch off the instrument.
\Insert the SD card into the SD card slot on the right side.
\Connect the external power supply to the R&S
external power is supplied).
\While switching the R&S
(number pad) keys. It is necessary to keep both keys pressed for approx. 5 seconds after the
®
PR100 is switched on.
R&S
®
PR100 back on, simultaneously press and hold the [LOCK] (11) and [8]
®
PR100 (the update procedure will not start unless
\Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
Caution!
THE R&S® PR100 MUST NOT BE SWITCHED OFF DURING
THE FIRMWARE UPDATE!
\In order for the update to take effect, the R&SPR100 must be switched off and back on again.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 56
R&S PR100 Initial Operation
\It is recommended to format the instrument's internal file system after a firmware update. Recall,
however, that the format procedure will result in the loss of frequency lists (memory lists, suppress
lists), antenna lists and user presets.
To carry out the format procedure, power off the instrument. Then press and hold the [LOCK] (11)
and [F6] (3, right) keys and switch the instrument back on again. Keep these keys held down for
pprox. 5 seconds longer after switching on the instrument and then release them.
a
The format procedure takes approx. 5 minutes.
6.1.7 Firmware Update with the Firmware Upgrade Tool
Starting with version 1.22, the firmware is supplied in the form of individual files for the SD card (see
above) as well as an update program. The update program works well if the SD card or the whole
receiver is inaccessible.
The update program makes it possible to update the firmware via LAN without direct access to the SD
card. This is especially beneficial with the R&S EM100 since its SD card can only be accessed by
opening the enclosure.
\Prior to the update
®
Connect the external power supply to the R&S
unless external power is provided).
Make sure that an SD card is inserted into the PR100. Approx. 30 MB of storage space must
be free on this card.
Interrupt any scans that are running since they will slow down the update procedure.
Set up and test a LAN connection to the PR100; see section 7.1.13 (p. 121).
PR100 (the update procedure will not start
\To perform the update, launch the update program RS_PR_UpgradeTool_<identification>.exe,
e.g. RS_PR_UpgradeTool_MR_V3_0.exe
and follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
Do NOT switch off the PC or receiver during the update procedure!
Upon completion of the update, the following message will appear on the PC:
Notes:
The update program will not start if firmware version 1.21 (or earlier) is installed on the PR100.
The update program requires the remote control option with a LAN connection to the PR100.
Options
Existing options will be retained by the firmware update.
\Note: In case of a firmware update from versions 1.04 or 1.12 to a newer version, all of the option
codes must be entered initially.
For a description of how to enable new options which might be present for the first time in the current
firmware, see section "Option Code Activation" (p. 103).
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 57
R&S PR100 Operation
7Operation
Preliminary note: The following example shows how user key sequences are notated.
CONF – F2(Range) – "Level Bar Range"
means
•CONF key
•Next, softkey (on the bottom edge of the screen) F2, which is labeled "Range" on the screen
•Finally, select the text "Level Bar Range" with the front rotary knob or the up/down cursor
keys.
Scan modes in the R&S PR100
The R&S PR100 always operates in one of the scan modes described hereafter.
These modes can be selected by repeatedly pressing SCAN-F1(Mode).
Scan mode Description
FFM,
Fixed
Frequency
Mode
FSCAN,
Frequency
Scan
MSCAN,
Memory
Scan
PSCAN,
Panorama
Scan
Fixed frequency,
reception at a single fixed frequency,
level measurement, demodulation and audio,
IF spectrum around the single frequency
Scan,
stepping of the receive frequency with a fixed stepsize,
same bandwidth, demodulation, detector and squelch for all
frequency points,
IF spectrum around the current single frequency
Scan,
stepping of the receive frequency
with user-selectable frequency points,
bandwidth, demodulation, detector, squelch and so on
individually selectable for each frequency point,
IF spectrum around the current single frequency
Fast scan,
stepping of the receive frequency around an IF bandwidth, output
of broad spectra,
no level measurement, no demodulation
Note: PSCAN is an option that must be purchased separately.
The settings for the RF processing and the frontend are described here.
For a description of spectra and the waterfall display, please see "Spectral section" (p. 76).
7.1.1 Demodulation Path
This section describes the settings for demodulation and level measurement techniques. For a
description of field strength measurements, please see
The demodulation section demodulates a band excerpt in the center of the IF signal using one of the
available demodulation techniques and delivers a digital audio signal and a signal level at the set
receive frequency. It also decides whether this level is above the squelch level.
The demodulation path and the spectral path (scanner) in the receiver are two independent signal
paths; see Fig. 5-2 (p. 32). In particular, the demodulation bandwidth is entirely independent of the set
IF bandwidth.
The demodulation bandwidth in the demodulation path can be set in 16 steps:
Bandwidths in the demodulation path (kHz)
0.150.30.61.5 2.4 6 9 12
15 30 50 120150250300
section 7.1.12 (p. 116).
The setting is made as follows:
•The BW+ and BW- keys on the front
•The BW+ and BW- keys on the top
•Via the configuration: CONF- F1(RX) – "Bandwidth"
The set demodulation bandwidth can be graphically displayed in the spectrum as a light-gray bar;
see Fig. 7-6 (p. 70). This can be enabled and disabled via the configuration:
CONF- F3(Display) – "Demodulation Bandwidth Bar".
The following demodulation techniques are available:
Demodulation technique
AM Amplitude modulation
FM Frequency modulation
USB,LSBUpper/lower sideband amplitude modulation
ISB Independent sideband amplitude modulation
CW Unmodulated carrier, audible with BFO
IQ Inphase/quadrature modulation
PULSE Amplitude modulation with automatic gain control (AGC) which is adapted to pulse
sequences. At the start of a pulse, the gain is rapidly reduced; at the end, however, it is
only raised back slowly. The AGC is matched to the peak level of a pulse sequence in this
manner.
Audio output is possible using headphones or the built-in loudspeaker. It is also possible to output a
digital audio stream via LAN and to digitally record the audio data (see Internal Recording Option (p.
110)).
The audio output properties are set as follows:
Audio volume
•Via CONF-F4(General) – "Audio Volume"
•Using the VOL rotary knob (top left)
Audio balance L/R
.............. 273
•Via CONF-F4(General) – "Left - Right Balance"
Audio output
•Via CONF-F4(General) – "Audio Output"
Only headphones or
automatic, i.e. loudspeaker as long as no headphones are connected
Audio mute
•Via CONF-F4(General) – "Audio Mute"
•Via LOCK-F3(Audio Mute)
•Via the U1 and U2 user keys (top side) if they were assigned "Tone On/Off" in the
configuration menu
Via CONF- F4(General) –"User Key 1[2]" -"Tone On/Off".
For a description of how to output a digital audio stream via LAN, see section "Audio Streaming" (p.
During a level measurement, all of the level values within the demodulation bandwidth are evaluated
by a detector and output as a level value. Depending on the selected measurement mode (periodic or
continuous), level values are grouped together within a defined measurement time (periodic) or
measured values for the current detector are output on an ongoing basis (continuous).
The following detectors are available for level measurements:
Max Peak Maximum level
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 60
R&S PR100 Operation
Average Arithmetic average of level
RMS Power-based averaging of levels
Sample Current single level value
Averaging (Average and RMS) is performed based on the (linear) BV values and NOT using the
(logarithmic) dBBV values.
These detectors can be selected as follows:
•Via the configuration: CONF- F1(RX) – "Level Type"
•Via the LEVEL key (field 4 in section "" (p. 36))
The selected detector is shown in the top bar of the display under "LEVEL".
The measurement time for the detector can be set between 500 Bs and 900 s as follows:
\Via the configuration:CONF- F1(RX) – "Measure Time"
\In FFM mode via SCAN-F2(Param) – "Measure Time"
\In PSCAN mode via SCAN-F2(Param) – "Measure Time"
Note: The measurement time also influences the averaging of the IF spectrum.
The measurement time mode can be switched between fixed measurement time and standard
measurement time using
CONF- F1(RX) – "Measure Time Mode".
In the "Standard" mode, the measurement time is not a fixed value. Instead, it is automatically adapted
to the bandwidth.
The measurement mode can be switched between "Continuous" and "Periodic" as follows:
\CONF- F1(RX) – "Measuring Mod Mode" or
\In FFM mode via SCAN-F2(Param) – "Measuring Mod Mode"
In "Periodic" mode, the detectors are reset to zero at the end of the selected measurement time; the
summarized level value is output. The "Sample" detector returns the single level value at the end of
the measurement time.
In "Continuous" mode, for "Average" and "RMS" the selected measurement time is interpreted as a
time constant for an RC filter so that a sort of sliding averaging is performed. For "Max-Peak", the
settings are configured so the rise time constant = 0 and the decay time constant = measurement
time. This means that new peak values are immediately accepted and then decay with the set
measurement time.
To avoid long setting times, the sliding average value is preset to the average value ("Average" and
"RMS") or the peak value ("Max-Peak") for a measurement time interval as soon as other receive
parameters are set, e.g. for each step in MSCAN and FSCAN.
In "Continuous" mode, the current detector value is read out and displayed every 200 ms.
Note: To perform correct level measurements, the demodulation bandwidth of the receiver must also
be set appropriately for the signal. For example, a level measurement involving a signal with a width of
120 kHz must be performed with the demodulation bandwidth set to a value of at least 120 kHz or
larger.
The magnitude of the level can also be output audibly using a level tone.
The higher the level, the higher the tone. The level pitch can be enabled/disabled via:
\RX – F5(Tone)
\In the configuration via CONF- F1(RX) –"Tone"
The level tone properties can be set via the configuration as follows:
\CONF- F1(RX) –"Tone Mode" Only tone or audio + tone
\CONF- F1(RX) –"Tone Gain" Tone pitch change in relation to
Level change
The tone threshold, i.e. the level value which is assigned to a tone at 400 Hz can be set between -14
dBBV and +94 dBBV.
•Via the configuration: CONF- F1(RX) – "Tone Threshold"
•Via the "MST" rotary knob (top center) if the level tone was enabled immediately beforehand via
RX- F5(Tone).
In this case, the green "TONE" LED on the top will light up;
the TONE field in the bottom bar is enabled (green) and the level value for the tone threshold is
displayed at the top right.
Press in on the MST rotary knob to toggle the function of the knob between MGAIN, squelch and
tone. The current setting is indicated by the green LEDs on the top side.
.................. 223
For a description of how to output a level stream via LAN, see section "CW streaming" (p. 398).
Associated SCPI commands:
Tone on / off OUTPut:TONE[:STATe]<Boolean>
Only tone / with audio OUTPut:TONE:CONTrol ONLY|WITHaf ......................................................... 250
Tone threshold OUTPut:TONE:THReshold<numeric_value>|UP|DOWN|MINimum|MAXimum 253
Tone gain OUTPut:TONE:GAIN<numeric_value>|MINimum|MAXimum|UP|DOWN
The squelch can be enabled and disabled as follows:
\Via RX – F4 (SQL)
\Via the configuration: CONF – F1(RX) – "Squelch"
\Via the U1 and U2 user keys (top side) if they were assigned "Squelch SQL On/Off" in the
configuration menu
via CONF- F4(General) –"User Key 1[2]" -"SQL On/Off".
The squelch level can be set between -30 dB^V and +110 dB^V.
•Via the configuration: CONF- F1(RX) – "Squelch Level"
•Via the "MST" rotary knob (top side center) if the squelch was enabled immediately beforehand
via RX- F4(SQL).
In this case, the green "SQL" LED on the top will light up;
the SQL field in the bottom bar is enabled (green) and the SQL value is displayed at the top right;
see Fig. 7-1 (p. 63).
Press in on the MST rotary knob to toggle the function of the knob between MGAIN, squelch and
tone. The current setting is indicated by the green LEDs on the top side.
In FFM mode, two independent sets of parameter settings (frequency, squelch, bandwidth,
demodulation mode, etc.) can be saved so the user can quickly switch between the different settings.
These sets are known as A and B. The set that is currently enabled is
indicated using the
and icons in the top left part of the display.
The user can toggle between set A and B with
RX-F1(VFA-A/VFO-B).
This makes it possible to quickly toggle between two parties engaged in a voice conversation, for
example.
One data set can also be copied to the other using
RX-F2(A=>B);
the active data set is always copied to the inactive data set in this manner.
Moreover, it is also possible to copy the data sets for MSCAN (see "Memory system" (p. 88)) to set A
or B as follows:
- Select the desired MSCAN data set using the front rotary knob
or by making a numeric entry
- Copy the data set to A or B with
RX-F1(M => A) or
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 65
R&S PR100 Operation
RX-F1(M => B).
The downconverter provides an intermediate frequency band with a max. width of 10 MHz around the
selected RX frequency.
The RX frequency can be set interactively in three different ways:
Numeric entry on the keypad
•
•Front rotary knob
(field 12 in section "" (p. 36))
•Top rotary knob(flywheel top right)
The two rotary knobs behave differently:
The front rotary knob is display-oriented so that latching shifts the image by one pixel; 20 revolutions
shift the image by the entire image width (640 pixels). The frequency step per latching is thus
dependent on the selected IF bandwidth; in PSCAN mode it is dependent on the entire frequency
range that is covered.
The top rotary knob is set for fixed frequency steps, independent of the displayed frequency excerpt.
This frequency step can be set in the configuration menu using the key sequence CONF - F4(General)
- "Flywheel Stepsize" in the range between 1 Hz and 500 MHz per step.
Associated SCPI commands:
Set RX frequency [SENSe]:FREQuency<numeric_value>.................................................... 278
Set flywheel stepsize [SENSe]:FREQuency:STEP<numeric_value>......................................... 279
Automatic frequency control (AFC) can be switched on and off as follows:
•Via the AFC key (field 4 in section "" (p. 36))
•Via the configuration: CONF- F1(RX) – "Automatic Frequency Control"
The AFC status on/off is shown in the top bar of the display under "AFC".
Associated SCPI commands:
Switch AFC on/off [SENSe]:FREQuency:AFC<Boolean>............................................ 276
The IF bandwidth (IF span) can be set as follows: Activate the zoom mode via the key sequence
DISP-F4(Zoom) (Fig. 7-4) (p. 36) and adjust the bandwidth using the up/down cursor keys (field 10 in
section "") (p. 36).
IF bandwidths between 10 MHz and 1 KHz can be set in steps of 10-5-2.
The IF bandwidth also indirectly sets the visible frequency resolution (IF bandwidth / 640 pixels) and
the frequency resolution of the saved IF data (IF bandwidth / 1600 frequency points). This means that
with a 1 kHz IF bandwidth, a frequency resolution of 0.625 Hz can be obtained.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 66
R&S PR100 Operation
Fig. 7-4: Zoom of the IF bandwidth / frequency resolution
Associated SCPI commands:
Set IF bandwidth [SENSe]:FREQuency:SPAN<numeric_value>|UP|DOWN|MINimum|MAXimum
.. 285
The gain control can be switched between automatic gain control (AGC) and manual gain control
(MGC). This only influences the demodulation and the output of I/Q data. In MGC mode, full-scale
deflections between -30 dB^V and +110 dB^V are available regardless of whether the attenuator pad
is enabled.
The user can toggle between manual and automatic gain control as follows:
•Via the configuration: CONF- F1(RX) – "Manual Gain Control"
•Via the RX menu: RX- F3(MGC)
•In addition, the U1 and U2 user keys (top side) can be assigned with "MGC On/Off" in the
configuration menu
via CONF- F4(General) –"User Key 1[2]" -"MGC On/Off".
The MGC full-scale deflection can be set as follows:
•Via the configuration: CONF- F1(RX) – " Manual Gain"
•Via the "MST" rotary knob (top side center) if manual gain control was enabled immediately
beforehand via RX- F3(MGC).
In this case, the green "MGAIN" LED on the top will light up;
the MGC field in the bottom bar is enabled (green) and the MGC value is displayed at the top
right; see Fig. 7-5 (p. 36).
Press in on the MST rotary knob to toggle the function of the knob between MGAIN, squelch
and tone. The current setting is indicated by the green LEDs on the top side.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 67
R&S PR100 Operation
Fig. 7-5: Manual gain control activated
Associated SCPI commands:
Toggle AGC/MGC: [SENSe]:GCONtrol:MODEFIXed|MGC|AUTO|AGC
Set MGC gain: [SENSe]:GCONtrol:MGC <numeric_value>
Reference frequency – The 10 MHz reference frequency in the receiver can be generated internally
or obtained from an external source (BNC female connector "REF IN" on left side of receiver; see "
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 68
R&S PR100 Operation
External reference input" (p. 47)). The level of the external reference signal must be greater than
0 dBm.
IF output – The uncontrolled IF (21.4 MHz) is available on the BNC female connector "IF WB" (on left
side of receiver; see "IF output" (p. 47)).
The IF-output is always switched ON: CONF – F1(RX) – "IF Output"
Associated SCPI commands:
Switch IF output on/offOUTPut:IF[:STATe]<Boolean>............................................................. 245
In the lower frequency range, the R&S PR100 makes use of direct reception, i.e. no frequency
conversion in the downconverter. The switchover point between direct reception and frequency
conversion can be set in the range between 20 MHz and 30 MHz:
CONF – F1(RX) – "Direct Conversion Threshold".
Associated SCPI commands:
Direct conversion threshold [SENSe]:FREQuency:CONVersion:THReshold<numeric_value>
......... 277
The frequency of the beat frequency oscillator (BFO; used to listen to unmodulated CW carriers)
can be set between 0 Hz and 8000 Hz:
CONF – F1(RX) – "BFO Frequency"
Associated SCPI commands:
BFO oscillator frequency [SENSe]:DEModulation:BFO:FREQuency<numeric_value>
............. 274
Attenuator pad – A 10 dB attenuator pad can be enabled in the R&S PR100 which simultaneously
switches off the 20 dB preamplifier, resulting in 30 dB lower input sensitivity. The attenuator pad works
up to 3.5 GHz, but not in the direct reception path.
The attenuator pad is switched on/off as follows:
•Using the ATT key (field 4 in section "" (p. 36))
•Via CONF – F1(RX) – "Attenuator"
The current status of the attenuator pad is shown in the top bar of the display under "ATT".
Overload – An overload is indicated with a red arrow at the top right of the display;
see Fig. 7-6 (p. 70).
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 69
R&S PR100 Operation
A maximum input level of +20 dBm (100 mW) is permissible at the RF input. No DC component is
allowed in the input signal.
Without the attenuator pad enabled, an overload is displayed
tarting at a level of approx. 85 dB^V / -22 dBm. With the attenuator pad, the corresponding values
s
are approx. 115 dB^V / +8 dBm.
Even before reaching the overload level, strong signal distortions can be encountered as seen in Fig.
7-6 (p. 70).
Fig. 7-6: Overload indication
7.1.3 FSCAN
Characteristics
FSCAN mode scans a selectable frequency range using a selectable frequency grid by setting the
receive frequency step-by-step to the next relevant frequency point. All of the settings described for
fixed frequency mode are thus also usable here and apply globally to the entire scan. They can be
modified dynamically during the FSCAN procedure. Settings that influence the scan procedure are
new.
FSCAN is activated as follows:
Press SCAN-F1(Mode) repeatedly until FSCAN mode appears.
F3 (Run+) or F2 (Run-) initiates the scan in the up or down direction.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 70
R&S PR100 Operation
The observation duration for a frequency point depends on whether a signal is detected during it.
A signal is considered to be detected if its level is above the squelch threshold. If the squelch is
switched off, then every frequency point is considered to be detected.
If no signal is detected, the receiver switches immediately to the next frequency point. In case of a
constant signal, the observation duration is determined by the dwell time. If a signal is detected which
s then interrupted within the dwell time, the current frequency point is maintained if the interruption(s)
i
is (are) shorter than the no signal time. The no signal time always begins anew at the start of each
interruption. Interruptions that are longer than the no signal time result in a switch to the next
frequency point as soon as the no signal time has elapsed (but at the latest at the end of the dwell
time).
The dwell time mode can be used to set a finite or infinite dwell time.
In case of an infinite dwell time (and constant signal), the receiver remains on the first signal it finds. In
this case, the scan can be continued either in the up or down direction using F3(Run+) or F2(Run-).
The term "scan movement" is used hereafter. The receiver is in a scan movement if a scan is
performed in FSCAN or MSCAN mode and the receiver is currently not in the dwell time or the no
signal time.
The parameters dwell time, dwell time mode, no signal time and no signal time mode (which disables
the no signal time, i.e. every interruption switches to the next frequency point) can be set via the
configuration as follows:
CONF-F2(Scan) -<Parameter name>.
In addition, the number of sweeps can be set here and the user can select whether to use a finite or
infinite number of sweeps
(Scan Cycle Mode).
The times mentioned above and the number of sweeps can be set within the following limits:
Parameter min max Resolution Comment
Dwell time 0 s 60 s 0.1 s Infinite also possible
No signal time 0 s 60 s 0.1 s Can be switched off
Sweeps 0 1000 1 Infinite also possible
Influence of the measurement time
For each frequency point, at least one measurement is performed. Not until then it is possible to make
a "signal / no signal" decision. In other words, with long measurement times even bands without any
signals cannot be swept quickly.
This first measurement is part of the scan movement and is not contained in the dwell time.
Accordingly, at frequency points with a signal, the following relationship holds:
Total dwell time = Measurement time + Dwell time
If necessary, the last measurement time is shortened.
Example: Measurement time 5 s, Dwell time 6 s Total dwell time 11 s
Output during the scan procedure
Level and frequency values as well as spectra (around the current receive frequency) are output
during the scan on an ongoing basis.
If a signal was detected, it can be output during the dwell time via the loudspeaker and via LAN in the
form of a trace, audio or I/Q stream. During a scan movement, no streams and no audio are output.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 71
R&S PR100 Operation
Suppress list
FSCAN execution is influenced by the above settings as well as by a suppress list containing
frequency ranges to be skipped.
Each frequency range in the suppress list contains a start frequency, an end frequency and an
ptional descriptive text. Frequency points in the FSCAN frequency grid which lie within one of these
o
ranges are skipped.
For more details on the suppress list, please see section "Memory system" (p. 88).
Suppress frequency ranges can also be copied with a single keypress from the current receiver
settings as long as no scan movement is underway:
The current bandwidth around the current receive frequency is copied as the suppress range. It is
possible to eliminate emitters of no interest from the current FSCAN and also to suppress signals by
setting the frequency manually.
If it is desired to reenable a currently suppressed frequency range, it can be set to inactive or deleted
in the editor for the suppress list.
Note: The (receive) bandwidth and the FSCAN stepsize are two independent quantities and can be
set independently of one another.
Memory list
Current frequency points can also be copied with a keypress to the memory list (see "Memory system"
(p. 88)) which serves as a basis for the MSCAN. Proceed as follows:
Like FSCAN mode, MSCAN mode scans individual frequency points. However, unlike FSCAN mode
the parameters for the different points can be set individually, including the frequency.
These points are saved in the memory list, which is accessible via
MEM-F4(Edit Memory).
For more details on the memory list, please see section "Memory system" (p.88).
The parameters for a MSCAN point are listed in Table 1 (p. 73).
RX frequency 1 Demodulation 2
Bandwidth 3 Attenuator pad 4
Squelch on/off 5 Squelch level 6
Antenna number 7 AFC on/off 8
Frequency point active Descriptive text 10
Table 1: Parameters for an MSCAN point
The numbers in this table refer to Fig. 7-7 (p. 75).
MSCAN is activated as follows:
•Press SCAN-F1(Mode) repeatedly until MSCAN mode appears.
•Or press the Freq/Mem key (below F6).
F3 (Run+) or F2 (Run-) initiates the scan in the up or down direction.
Configuration
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 73
R&S PR100 Operation
The following MSCAN-specific settings can be made. It is assumed here that the receiver is already in
MSCAN mode.
First memory location for scan
•Via the configuration: CONF-F2(Scan) –"Scan Start Line"
Last memory location for scan
•Via the configuration: CONF-F2(Scan) –"Scan Stop Line"
•Via SCAN – F5 (Param) - "Scan Stop Line"
The MSCAN sweeps across all of the frequency points between the first and last memory
locations that are activated.
Usage of the squelch parameters saved for the frequency point
•Via the configuration: CONF-F2(Scan) –"Use Squelch From Memory"
•Via SCAN – F5 (Param) - "Use Squelch From Memory"
If "Use Squelch From Memory" is activated, the squelch level as well as the squelch on/off setting
is taken from the saved frequency point; otherwise, the receiver's current squelch settings are
used. In this case, the squelch settings can be dynamically modified by the user during the scan.
Besides these settings, for MSCAN the parameters dwell time, dwell time mode, no signal time and no
signal time mode as well as the number of sweeps can also be set via the configuration as follows:
CONF-F2(Scan) -<Parameter name>.
The timing logic for the frequency stepping, the influence of the measurement time and the outputs
during the scan procedure are the same for MSCAN as was previously described for FSCAN.
Note, however, that frequency points are skipped if their antennas are not included; see MSCAN
antenna list (p. 118).
Operation
MSCAN operation will now be discussed based on Fig. 7-7 (p. 75).
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 74
R&S PR100 Operation
Fig. 7-7: MSCAN screen
In MSCAN mode, the display contains at the top left an "M" with a blue background (12, red in Fig.
7-7) (p. 75). In this mode, the front rotary knob and the numeric keypad are not used to adjust the
frequency. Instead, they control the list position in the memory list, i.e. they select the currently valid
frequency point in the list. As always, the top rotary knob controls the RX frequency.
The data relevant to the frequency point has been numbered in Fig. 7-7 (p. 75); see also Table 1 (p.
73).
Field 11 is the name of the frequency point in the memory list.
Field 13 shows whether a scan is running along with the first and last memory locations
set by the user.
The data for the current frequency point can be modified, but not during a scan movement as before.
The detector can be changed using the LEVEL key even during a scan movement.
The squelch parameters (squelch level and squelch on/off) can be modified during a scan movement
only if interactive squelch was selected as follows:
F5(Param) – "Use Squelch From Memory" Off
The current settings (even after a modification) can be saved in the current frequency point using
F6(More) – F3(Direct Save) except during a scan movement.
Suppression of frequency points at a keypress is possible outside of a scan movement as follows:
F6(More) - F2(Suppress).
The affected frequency point is deactivated in the memory list and can be reactivated using the
memory list; see Memory system (p. 88). In other words, in MSCAN mode "Suppress" affects the
memory list and not the suppress list.
Besides levels, the R&S PR100 can also display spectra ("traces"). These traces are generated using
a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) as shown in Fig. 5-2 (p. 32). In FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN modes,
the IF bandwidth around the current receive frequency is displayed. In PSCAN mode (see section
"Panorama Scan Option " (p. 104)), a spectrum can be displayed across multiple IF bandwidths. The
receiver normally generates a spectrum every 50 ms. The spectra are displayed directly, or they
undergo averaging or similar processing.
The parameters that influence the content of the spectrum are discussed below. For information on
the display and evaluation of the spectrum, please see section "
Display and evaluation" (p. 78).
The following parameters influence the content of the spectrum:
IF bandwidth In steps between 10 MHz and 1 kHz
Measurement time Also used by RX
IF display mode Normal, MIN HOLD, AVG, MAX HOLD
Measurement mode Periodic/continuous,
for receive and spectral sections respectively
RX stands for FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN in the table.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 76
R&S PR100 Operation
The IF bandwidth indirectly influences the spacing between two frequency points (resolution
bandwidth, RBW) since the bandwidth of an IF is always broken down into 1600 frequency intervals.
Measurement time: In FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN modes, the spectrum display is normally updated
very 50 ms. In PSCAN mode, a new IF block is added to the spectrum after the measurement time
e
elapses. This measurement time is also used in the receive section.
IF display mode has the following possibilities:
Normal – Display the current spectrum. In PSCAN mode, the current spectrum at the end of the
measurement time is used.
AVG – Form the average value over the measurement time. This is a sliding average value (time
constant = measurement time) for FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN. In PSCAN mode, at the end of the
measurement time the average value for all of the IF spectra within the measurement time is
computed and added to the display.
MIN HOLD, MAX HOLD – Analogous to AVG; the minimum or maximum value within the
measurement time is displayed for each frequency point.
The measurement mode determines whether measured values are delivered at the end of a
measurement time (periodic) or also during the measurement time (continuous). This can be set
separately for spectra and level values.
7.1.5 Settings in FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN
In FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN modes, the parameters listed above can be set as follows:
IF bandwidth
\DISP-F4(Zoom) – Cursor keys up / down (beside lock button)
Measurement time
\Previously described under measurement time (p. 61).
This section describes how to configure the input and output controls on the R&S PR100, meaning the
keypad, rotary knobs and loudspeaker. For a description of how to configure the display, please
see section "
Display and evaluation" (p. 78).
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 77
R&S PR100 Operation
The front keypad and the front rotary knob can be disabled as follows:
LOCK – F2(Lock Front)
The front and top keypad and all of the rotary knobs/flywheels can be disabled as follows:
LOCK – F1(Lock All)
nlock as follows:
U
LOCK – F6(Unlock).
The top rotary knob can be separately disabled and enabled using the top LOCK key.
The volume of the keyclicks can be set using CONF – F4(General)- "Keyclicks". The volume of the
system beeper used to warn about illegal user input, for example, is set as follows:
CONF – F4(General)- "System beeper"
These signals as well as the audio output can be muted as follows:
\CONF – F4(General)- "Audio Mute" or with
\LOCK-F3(Audio Mute)
The function of the top user keys U1 and U2 can be configured as follows:
CONF- F4(General) –"User Key 1[2]".
The function of the MSTrotary knob on the top side cannot be configured since it is dependent on
the preceding operation. The MST rotary knob controls one of these functions:
MGC gain
Squelch level
Tone threshold
The function that is currently activated is indicated by the green LEDs on the top side. The function
can be toggled by pressing in on the MST rotary knob.
Switching on the MGC gain, squelch level and tone threshold via
RX-F3(MGC)
RX-F4(SQL)
RX-F5(Tone)
also causes toggling to the most recently activated function.
Associated SCPI commands:
Keyboard lock SYSTem:KLOCk[<Boolean>|FRONt]
Volume for keyclicks SYSTem:KCLick:VOLume<numeric_value>|MINimum|MAXimum.............. 337
Volume for system beeper SYSTem:BEEPer:VOLume<numeric_value>|MINimum|MAXimum........ 326
This section describes settings and procedures involved in displaying and evaluating results. Further
PSCAN-specific display information can be found in section "Panorama Scan Option " (p. 104).
Characteristics
Three different display types are available for presenting results:
\RX
\Spectrum
\Waterfall
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 78
R&S PR100 Operation
They can be displayed individually and (in some cases) also combined as follows:
DISP-F1(Display Mode)
Fig. 7-8 (p. 79) and Fig. 7-10 (p. 81) show examples of the display modes "RX+Spectrum" and
"Spectrum+Waterfall". Each has two displays.
he RX display has already been described in detail in Fig. 7-2 (p. 64) and Fig. 7-3 (p. 65).
T
Fig. 7-8: Display of RX and spectrum
The spectrum display will be discussed based on Fig. 7-8 (p. 79) in the following table.
No. Explanation
1Set RX frequency.
Always the current center frequency in FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN.
In PSCAN, the RX frequency is independent of the set PSCAN limits; see "Access to the receive
section" in the "Panorama Scan Option " section (p. 104).
2Demodulation window; set bandwidth of the receive section (500 kHz in figure)
3Set squelch level (see field 9). Displayed only if the squelch is enabled.
4Level in the currently selected unit (dBBV or dBm)
5Spectrum type. IF-PAN = IF spectrum, RF-PAN = PSCAN spectrum
6Current IF center frequency = Set RX frequency
7Current IF bandwidth for the receive section
8Resolution bandwidth (bin width) of the spectrum; RBW = IF bandwidth / 1600
9Set squelch level for the receive section
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 79
R&S PR100 Operation
Fig. 7-9: Display of spectrum and waterfall with MaxHold-Line
CONF Display “Max Hold Line” allows the user to configure whether a Max Hold line (red trace)
should be displayed next to the spectrum line (yellow trace) in the spectrum. If the Max Hold line is
activated, it can be reset via SCAN Param “Restart Display Max Hold” and updated.
In the configuration CONF Display "Max Hold Persistent Mode", it is possible to configure
whether the MaxHold line should be displayed for an "infinite" interval or a "user-defined" interval.
In the "infinite" setting, the MaxHold line represents the absolute level maximum from the start of the
measurement for each frequency point.
In the "user-defined" setting, the "Max Hold Persistent Time" is used to configure the time interval
(0.5s to 60s) for computation and display of the level maximum for the MaxHold line.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 80
R&S PR100 Operation
Fig. 7-10: Display of spectrum and waterfall
The waterfall display appears in Fig. 7-10 (p. 81) in the lower half of the image. The waterfall shows
the behavior vs. time of the spectrum. Its horizontal axis represents the spectrum's frequency axis and
its vertical axis represents time. The latest spectra appear at the top edge. The level is color-coded.
Note: The waterfall display requires significant computing power and is thus disabled under certain
operating circumstances, e.g. when recording data or when outputting data streams via LAN.
The waterfall can only be used for PSCAN spectra.
Configuration
Configuration in general:
The display unit can be toggled between dBBV and dBm as follows:
CONF-F3(Display)-"Level Unit".
The display brightness is set using CONF-F4(General)-"Display Backlight". If the backlighting was set
to 0% (display unreadable), it can be reactivated as described in "Troubleshooting" (p. 141).
The color scheme for the entire display can be toggled using
CONF-F4(General)-"Display Color Scheme"
between interior (subdued colors), exterior (high-contrast colors) and black & white. The waterfall color
scheme must be switched separately (see below).
Configuring the RX display:
The scaling of the level bar is set as follows:
DISP - F2(Range)-"Level Bar Low Limit"
DISP - F2(Range)-"Level Bar Range"
and
CONF- F3(Display)-"Level Bar Low Limit"
CONF - F3(Display)-"Level Bar Range"
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 81
R&S PR100 Operation
Moreover, the autorange function can be used for the level bar as follows:
DISP-F2(Range)-"Level Bar Auto Range"
onfiguring the spectrum display:
C
isplay of the demodulation window (tag 2 in Fig. 7-8 (p. 79)) can be switched on and off as follows:
D
CONF-F3(Display)-"Demodulation Window Display"
The red line for the squelch level (tag 3 in Fig. 7-8 (p. 79)) can be switched on and off as follows:
CONF-F3(Display)-"Squelch Line"
The scaling for the PSCAN spectrum and the IF spectrum (FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN) can be set
separately with no mutual influence between the settings.
For the IF spectrum in FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN, the scaling can be set as follows:
In addition, the autorange function can be used for the RF spectrum as follows:
DISP-F2(Range)-"RF-PAN Auto Range"
(To allow the "RF-PAN Auto Range" to be set separately from the "Waterfall Auto Range", "Not
Coupled with PAN Auto Range" must be set in the configuration CONF Display Waterfall Display
Waterfall Autorange.)
Configuring the waterfall:
The waterfall can be displayed only in the FFM and PSCAN operating modes.
The color scheme for the waterfall can be adjusted as follows:
\CONF-F3(Display)-"Waterfall Color Table"
\DISP-F2(Range)-"Waterfall Color Table"
The waterfall speed is defined differently in the FFM and PSCAN modes:
Configuring the waterfall speed in the PSCAN mode
CONF-F3(Display)- "Waterfall Speed"
The speed can be set between 20 lines/s and 0.1 line/s, which corresponds to times between 21 s and
1 h 10 m per screen pass for full-screen display.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 82
R&S PR100 Operation
In PSCAN mode, a max. of 20 lines/s is recorded in the waterfall.
n PSCAN, the measurement time has no affect on the waterfall speed itself, but it does affect the
I
update rate of the waterfall (the time interval in which the waterfall is updated).
Example 1: If the configuration setting is 20 lines/s and the measurement time is 1 s, the waterfall is
updated every second in blocks of 20 new lines.
Example 2: If the configuration setting 20 lines/s and the measurement time is 500 µs, the waterfall is
updated every 50 ms (maximum waterfall update rate) with precisely one new line (for large span
range, a staircase effect is evident here).
Configuring the waterfall speed in the FFM mode
CONF-F3(Display)- "Waterfall Speed"
The speed can be set between 20 lines/s and 0.1 line/s, which corresponds to times between 21 s and
1 h 10 m per screen pass for full-screen display.
In addition to this configuration, the measurement mode (SCAN Param Measuring Mode
Continuous/Periodic) strongly affects the waterfall speed in the FFM mode:
Continuous mode:
The waterfall speed is not affected by the measurement time and corresponds precisely to the
configuration setting (20 lines/s to 0.1 line/s).
DISP More Device Controlled can be used to set the waterfall speed permanently to 100
lines/s; in other words, the configuration setting (20 lines/s to 0.1 line/s) is not relevant if
"Device Controlled" is active, because 100 lines/s are always displayed.
Periodic mode:
If "Device Controlled" is active (DISP More Device Controlled), the waterfall speed
depends exclusively on the set measurement time (max. of 100 lines/s).
In other words, the configuration setting (20 lines/s to 0.1 line/s) is not relevant.
Example 1: At a measurement time of 10 s, the waterfall is updated by one line every 10 s
regardless of the configuration setting (20 lines/s to 0.1 line/s).
If "Device Controlled" is not active, the waterfall speed is always determined by the slower
configuration setting (20 lines/s to 0.1 line/s) and the measurement time.
Example 2: Configuration setting of 0.1 line/s (corresponds to an update of 10 s) and
measurement time of 500 ^s waterfall is updated by one line every 10 s.
Example 3: Configuration setting of 0.1 line/s (corresponds to an update of 10 s) and
measurement time of 100 ^s waterfall is updated by one line every 100 s.
To achieve the maximum waterfall speed of 100 lines/s in the periodic mode, "Device
Controlled" (DISP More Device Controlled) must be active and the measurement time
must be set to 6 ms (theoretically, 10 ms but internal processing times require a measurement
time of 6 ms).
In FFM, a maximum of 100 lines/s can be recorded in the waterfall in contrast to PSCAN, where a
maximum of 20 lines/s can be recorded in the waterfall.
Compressed Waterfall
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 83
R&S PR100 Operation
If "Compressed Waterfall" is set (DISP More Compressed Waterfall), four lines of the waterfall
are always compressed into one line (Max Hold) and displayed as one line in the waterfall.
This slows the waterfall by a factor of four.
"Compressed Waterfall" is available in both the FFM and the PSCAN mode. It is completely
independent of other settings such as measurement mode (continuous/periodic) and measurement
time.
If the waterfall is paused (Hold), "Compressed Waterfall" can be deacativated. The maximum time
resolution in the waterfall is then available for analysis purposes.
The level scaling of the waterfall, which matches the color spectrum to the level range, can be set as
follows:
Full-screen display for the spectrum and waterfall can be switched on and off as follows:
DISP-F6(More)-F2(Full Screen).
The waterfall can be paused and restarted using
DISP-F6(More)-F4(Hold). The spectrum is not paused by this action.
It is possible to hop from peak to peak in the spectrum as follows:
Enable the peak function using DISP-F3(Peak)
Use the cursor keys (< and >) to hop to the adjacent peak; the receive (RX) frequency is set to
the next peak accordingly.
If the squelch is activated, the next peak above the squelch level will be taken into account; see Fig.
7-11 (p. 85).
If the squelch is not activated, the receiver will attempt to find the next peak based on the shape of the
spectrum it sees.
This type of peak hopping is possible in the current IF spectrum for FFM, FSCAN and MSCAN and
also in the current or paused spectrum for PSCAN.
In the PSCAN dual screen, the hopping occurs in the (upper) IF spectrum and not in the PSCAN
spectrum. Since no IF spectrum is displayed in the current PSCAN, peak hopping is possible in this
display mode only if the PSCAN is paused.
Fig. 7-11: Peak hopping with the squelch activated
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 85
R&S PR100 Operation
In the IF spectrum, frequency zooming is possible as follows:
Enable the peak function with DISP-F4(Zoom)
Use the cursor keys (^ and v) to adjust the IF bandwidth
This zoom does not affect the PSCAN spectrum. In precise terms, this is not a display function.
Instead, it represents an adjustment of the frontend; past values cannot be zoomed using this function.
The spectrum and waterfall can be analyzed in greater detail using markers. The marker screen (Fig.
7-12 (p. 86)) is accessed as follows:
DISP-F5(Marker)
Fig. 7-12: Marker screen
The different elements in the marker screen are listed in the following table.
No. Explanation
1Numerical values at the marker positions.
D indicates the difference between the marker positions (D-M).
CT indicates the difference between the time markers (T2-T1).
The time T1 is negative because it is in the past.
L1 and L2 (level markers in spectrum, not in graphic) indicate the levels at the current marker
positions (and not the difference).
2,3 Currently selected marker, highlighted in blue
4,5 Crosses for the marker positions
6Scroll arrow; the waterfall has components below the screen that are not displayed.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 86
R&S PR100 Operation
The following functions are available in the marker screen:
F1(Marker) switches the vertical frequency markers D and M on and off.
F2(Lines) with waterfall switches the horizontal time markers T1 and T2 on and off.
F2(Lines) with spectrum switches the horizontal level markers L1 and L2 on and off.
F3(Get Markers) moves the markers back into the visible range if they are located outside of this
range. A marker line which is located outside of the visible range is indicated using a rectangular
marker icon (M,D,T1,T2,L1,L2) with a tip at the corresponding edge of the screen.
F4(View T1 Spectrum) (waterfall only) decides whether the current spectrum is displayed in the top
spectrum window (View T1 off) or the spectrum which is found in the waterfall under the time marker
T1 (View T1 on). In a pure waterfall view, the spectrum is shown as long as View T1 is enabled.
This function can be used for more precise analysis of a current or (especially) a paused waterfall by
moving the T1 marker.
F5(Select) cycles through and selects one of the markers M, D, RX, T1/L1, T2/L2 or the scroll arrows
(field 6 in Fig. 7-12 (p. 86)). The selected marker/scroll arrow is highlighted in blue (field 2 and 3 in Fig.
7-12 (p. 86)).
F6(Exit) closes the marker screen and returns to the previous screen. The activated markers remain
visible even in the normal view until they are deactivated in the marker screen.
The selected marker can be moved as follows:
Using the front rotary knob
Using the cursor keys (left/right for frequency markers, up/down for time and level markers)
Based on numeric input. The time markers do not accept time values; instead, they require
line numbers (pixel lines).
Scroll arrows at the top and/or bottom edge of the screen appear if parts of the waterfall are not visible
above or below the screen area. When the scroll arrows are selected, the waterfall can be moved up
or down using the front rotary knob or the cursor keys.
Indicator icons
Various indicator icons appear at the top right of the display. They are listed below along with their
meaning and references to the section where they are explained.
Icon Explanation Reference
Overload at RF input, hardware Fig. 7-6 (p. 70)
Audio mute, receive section Audio output 119)
Level over squelch level, receive
section
squelch (p. 62)
AC power, hardware Connecting to the power supply (p. 40)
Frequency zoom [SENSe]:FREQuency:SPAN<numeric_value>|UP|DOWN|MINimum|MAXimum ... 285
Memory system
Data management of the frequency points for MSCAN and FSCAN is described here.
MSCAN uses measurement points to make measurements, while FSCAN uses suppress points to
skip frequency ranges that are not relevant.
These points are saved in the memory list or the suppress list (abbreviated as "Memory" or "Suppress"
in many of the R&S PR100's menu items).
The memory list has 1024 memory locations while the suppress list has 100 memory locations.
Besides processing in the R&S PR100, these lists can also be exchanged between the R&S PR100
and a PC via a USB or LAN connection using the PRView software supplied with the receiver. On the
PC, these lists can be edited using PRView or exported / imported in the form of CSV files.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 88
R&S PR100 Operation
Navigation is possible in these two lists as follows:
\Using the front rotary knob
\Using the up/down cursor keys
Based on numeric entry of the line numbers
\
The memory list is accessed using
MEM-F4(Edit Memory)
and can be edited as shown in Fig. 7-13 (p. 89).
Fig. 7-13: Memory list
F1 (Active/Suppress) selects the points that are actually to be used (filled square).
F2(Delete) deletes individual frequency points.
F3(Recall) – F6(Exit) accepts the frequency point as the current receiver setting (but only if the
receiver is in MSCAN mode or also in FFM).
F4(View) shows the parameters for a single frequency point as shown in Fig. 7-14 (p. 90). The
parameters can also be edited in this screen.
F5(Sort) can be used to sort the list entries by memory number, frequency and description (either in
ascending or descending order); see Fig. 7-15 (p. 90). MSCAN processes the list that has been sorted
in this manner from top to bottom, i.e. in the order of the line numbers.
Note: Do not confuse the memory numbers and line numbers!
F6(Exit) closes the memory list.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 89
R&S PR100 Operation
Fig. 7-14: Parameters for a frequency point
Fig. 7-15: Memory sort menu
The suppress list is accessed using
MEM-F5(Edit Suppress);
see Fig. 7-16 (p. 91).
Since it has almost the same editing capabilities as the memory list, only the features that differ are
described.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 90
R&S PR100 Operation
Fig. 7-16: Suppress list
F3(Delete All) deletes all of the suppress entries. Note that F4(Sort) and F5(View) are swapped
positions compared to the memory list.
F4(Sort) has been simplified and the list can only be sorted by frequency. During sorting, overlapping
or embedded frequency ranges are also combined into a single frequency range.
Associated SCPI commands:
Content of the memory list MEMory:CONTents?<mem_loc>
This section discusses storage and file management with the SD card (with the exception of internal
recording); see also section 7.1.11 (p. 110).
Pressing the FILE key causes file system functions to be assigned to function keys F1 to F6;
see Fig. 7-17 (p. 92).
If there is no SD card in the instrument, all of the file system functions except for F3-(User Presets) will
be grayed out (deactivated). After insertion of an SD card, the functions are reactivated within approx.
8 s.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 91
R&S PR100 Operation
Fig. 7-17: FILE key assignments
F1 (Save Screen) saves the current screen in PNG format. To make it easier to print, the spectrum
appears in black & white, but the waterfall retains its color. Prior to the save operation, the user can
modify the automatically generated file name.
F2 (Save Trace) saves the current spectrum as a CSV file. One level value per pixel (approx. 640
pixels) is saved (instead of each frequency measured value). As before, the user can modify the
automatically generated file name prior to the save operation.
F3 (User Presets) saves all of the current receiver settings in a data set so these settings can be
recalled later.
User presets are described in Fig. 7-18 (p. 93).
F4 (SD Card) allows access to the file system on the SD card.
For details on this type of access, please see Fig. 7-19 (p. 94).
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 92
R&S PR100 Operation
Fig. 7-18: User presets in the file system
The user presets in Fig. 7-18 (p. 93) store all of the current receiver settings in a data set so these
settings can be recalled later.
50 different settings can be saved; used memory locations are marked with a black square.
The data is saved in the receiver's flash file system instead of on the SD card. Accordingly, the saved
settings will be deleted if the flash file system is formatted (LOCK-F6 at startup).
The softkey "SD Card Presets" can be used to export the user presets to the SD card or import them
from the SD card.
(On the SD card, the user presets are saved with the ".upf" extension [user preset file].)
Under certain circumstances, e.g. when a scan is running, any attempt to reload the settings is
rejected and an error message is output.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 93
R&S PR100 Operation
Fig. 7-19: SD card in the file system
Access to files and directories on the SD card will now be discussed based on Fig. 7-19 (p. 94).
Directories are indicated using the icons seen at tags 1 and 2. The folder icon with the left arrow at tag
1 indicates the higher-level directory, while the folder icon without a left arrow at tag 2 indicates a
subdirectory. The name of the directory that is currently displayed is indicated next to the higher-level
directory. All of the other entries represent files.
The remaining memory that is free is shown at tag 3.
Navigation within the current directory, which involves moving the red bar, is possible using the front
rotary knob or the up/down cursor keys.
Moving to a different directory (higher- or lower-level) involves two steps:
Place the red bar on the target directory
Press the Enter key or the center button on the front rotary knob
F1(Mark) switches the selection mode on and off. To prepare for an action, a file or a directory must
be selected. One or more files/directories can be selected as follows:
Activate F1(Mark) (green)
Place the red bar on the file or directory
Press the Enter key or the center button on the front rotary knob. The file/directory is now
selected and the line appears in green.
Select additional files/directories if so desired.
If necessary, it is possible to deselect individual files/directories
using the Enter key or the center button on the front rotary knob.
Note: The selection will be lost if F1(Mark) is deactivated.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 94
R&S PR100 Operation
F2(Select Action) enables the following file actions:
Rename
Delete
Cut, Copy and Paste
hese procedures are described individually below. It is assumed here that one or more
T
files/directories have already been selected with green lines.
If there is no active selection, any actions performed with F2 will have no effect (exception: paste).
\Rename
F2(Select Action)-"Rename" –ENTER opens a window in which the new name can be entered.
Complete this action using ENTER or F1(Rename). If multiple files were selected, only the topmost
one will be renamed.
\Delete
F2(Select Action)-"Delete" –ENTER deletes the selected files/directories with no further warning.
Directories are erased along with all of their contents.
\Cut
F2(Select Action)-"Cut" –ENTER marks the selected file (internally) to be cut. The file is not deleted at
its old location until it is copied to the new location using the paste function.
\Copy
F2(Select Action)-"Copy" –ENTER marks the selected file (internally) to be copied.
\Paste
F2(Select Action)-"Paste" –ENTER copies the previously cut or copied file/directory to the current
directory. It is permitted to change directories between the cut/copy and paste operations.
After the paste operation, the source file is no longer marked for copying; pasting a file twice requires
performing the copy/paste operation twice.
F3(Sort) can be used to sort by:
Name
Date and time of day
File type
File size
The first sort operation by a specific criterion is in the ascending direction; the second sort operation
by the same criterion is in the descending direction, etc.
F4(Tools) is used to create a new subdirectory ("Create Folder") and to format the SD card ("Format
SD Card").
Notes:
1. For performance-related reasons, it is recommended to format new SD cards using this menu item.
2. The format procedure deletes all of the data on the SD card.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 95
R&S PR100 Operation
Associated SCPI commands:
Save screen as PNG DISPlay:WINDow:STORe<file_name>
Save spectrum as CSV
nstead of display data, it is possible to read out the measured values with
Using the antenna service menu (CONF General Antenna Service Menu), the following service
functions can be performed for the R&S HE300 antenna (4067.5900.03).
- Firmware update
- Calibration of antenna's built-in compass
7.1.7 Firmware Update
The latest firmware can be downloaded from the Rohde & Schwarz website (www.rohde-
schwarz.com).
The firmware to be installed must be copied to an SD card (e.g. R&S HA-Z231, order number
1309.6217.00).Then, insert this SD card into the PR100.
The antenna firmware always consists of two files, e.g.:
•HE300_V3.00.hex
•HE300_V3.00.cfg
Both files must be present on the SD card in order to perform the firmware update. The firmware
version is part of the file name (e.g. V3_00).
Caution!
THE R&S®PR100
MUST NOT BE SWITCHED OFF
DURING THE FIRMWARE UPDATE!
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 97
R&S PR100 Operation
Open the antenna service menu via (CONF General Antenna Service Menu).
A message will appear indicating that the PR100 settings will be reset to their default values.
Confirm this message with "YES" in order to access the functions within the antenna service menu.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 98
R&S PR100 Operation
The PR100 will search for an antenna connected to AUX1 and display the data for the antenna it
detects.
Use F1 (Select File) to display the file structure on the SD card. Use the cursor keys (up and down)
and the Enter key to select the desired firmware.
Now use F2 (Upgrade Firmware) to start the upgrade process. This process can take up to five
minutes.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 99
R&S PR100 Operation
The confirmation message "Firmware Upgrade Successful" will be displayed if relevant along with the
current antenna data.
Manual R&S® PR100 - 31 EN 100
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