Page 1
R&S®LCX Series
LCR Meter
User Manual
(;ÝFÊ2)
1179226002
Version 02
Page 2
This manual describes the instruments of the R&S®LCX Series, including options and measurement
accessories:
●
R&S®LCX100 LCR Meter(3629.8856.02)
●
R&S®LCX200 LCR Meter (3629.8856.03)
●
R&S®NG-B105 Option IEE 488 (GPIB) interface (5601.6000.02)
●
R&S®LCX-K106 Option advanced analysis (3630.1922.03)
●
R&S®LCX-K107 Option digital I/O ports and binning (3660.7741.03)
●
R&S®LCX-K108 Option extended bias (3692.9791.03)
●
R&S®LCX-K201 Option frequency upgrade 1 MHz (3630.1880..03)
●
R&S®LCX-K210 Option frequency upgrade 10 MHz (3630.1900.03)
●
R&S®LCX-Z1 Accessory test fixture for axial/radial lead type components (3639.2296.02)
●
R&S®LCX-Z2 Accessory Kelvin clip lead (3638.6446.02)
●
R&S®LCX-Z3 Accessory test fixture for SMD components (3639.2509.02)
●
R&S®LCX-Z4 Accessory test tweezers for SMD components (3639.2515.02)
●
R&S®LCX-Z5 Accessory transformer test cables (3639.2521.02)
●
R&S®LCX-Z11 Accessory BNC-to-BNC extension (1m) (3639.2538.02)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1179.2260.02 | Version 02 | R&S®LCX Series
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, and the instruments of the R&S®LCX
series are abbreviated as R&S LCX. For example, R&S®LCX200 is indicated as R&S LCX.
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R&S®LCX Series
1 Safety and regulatory information........................................................9
1.1 Safety instructions........................................................................................................9
1.2 Labels on the R&S LCX.............................................................................................. 11
1.3 Warning messages in the documentation................................................................ 12
1.4 Korea certification class A......................................................................................... 12
2 Welcome............................................................................................... 13
2.1 Key features.................................................................................................................13
3 Documentation overview.....................................................................14
3.1 Getting started manual............................................................................................... 14
3.2 User manual.................................................................................................................14
Contents
Contents
3.3 Tutorials....................................................................................................................... 14
3.4 Service manual............................................................................................................14
3.5 Instrument security procedures................................................................................ 14
3.6 Printed safety instructions.........................................................................................15
3.7 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................ 15
3.8 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA).......................................15
3.9 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc......................................... 15
3.10 Remote control driver.................................................................................................15
4 Getting started......................................................................................16
4.1 Preparing for use........................................................................................................ 16
4.1.1 Lifting and carrying........................................................................................................16
4.1.2 Unpacking and checking............................................................................................... 16
4.1.3 Choosing the operating site.......................................................................................... 16
4.1.4 Setting up the R&S LCX................................................................................................17
4.1.5 Considerations for test setup........................................................................................ 18
4.1.6 Connecting to power..................................................................................................... 19
4.1.7 Connecting to LAN........................................................................................................ 21
4.1.8 Connecting USB devices.............................................................................................. 22
4.1.9 Connecting a test fixture............................................................................................... 23
4.1.10 Switching on or off.........................................................................................................25
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R&S®LCX Series
4.2 Instrument tour............................................................................................................25
4.2.1 Front panel tour.............................................................................................................26
4.2.2 Rear panel tour............................................................................................................. 29
4.3 Trying out the instrument...........................................................................................32
4.4 Instrument control...................................................................................................... 35
4.4.1 Ways to operate the instrument.................................................................................... 35
4.4.2 Means of manual interaction......................................................................................... 35
4.4.3 Remote control..............................................................................................................46
5 Measurement basics............................................................................47
5.1 Impedance measurement parameters in general.....................................................47
5.2 Impedance measurement parameters of the R&S LCX........................................... 48
5.3 Considerations on measurement accuracy..............................................................50
Contents
6 Measurement setups........................................................................... 52
6.1 About test fixtures...................................................................................................... 52
6.1.1 Test fixture for axial/radial lead type components......................................................... 52
6.1.2 Kelvin clip lead.............................................................................................................. 53
6.1.3 Test fixture for SMD components..................................................................................54
6.1.4 Test tweezers for SMD components............................................................................. 54
6.1.5 Test fixture with cables for transformer components.....................................................55
6.1.6 BNC-to-BNC extension................................................................................................. 57
6.2 Configuring the test signal.........................................................................................57
6.3 Configuring BIAS........................................................................................................ 59
6.3.1 Internal bias voltage...................................................................................................... 59
6.3.2 External voltage bias.....................................................................................................60
6.3.3 Current bias...................................................................................................................61
7 Performing measurements..................................................................63
8 Instrument functions........................................................................... 67
8.1 Measurement mode.................................................................................................... 67
8.1.1 Measurement mode settings.........................................................................................67
8.1.2 Working with the measurement modes.........................................................................68
8.2 Display mode...............................................................................................................69
8.2.1 Display mode settings................................................................................................... 69
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R&S®LCX Series
8.2.2 Configuring the main view.............................................................................................70
8.3 Measurement functions..............................................................................................70
8.4 Test signal functions...................................................................................................71
8.4.1 Test signal settings........................................................................................................71
8.5 Measurement control functions.................................................................................72
8.6 Measurement parameters...........................................................................................73
8.6.1 Measurement parameter settings................................................................................. 75
8.6.2 Open/short/load correction settings.............................................................................. 78
8.6.3 Setting measurement parameters.................................................................................80
8.7 Configuration preset...................................................................................................82
8.7.1 Configuration preset settings........................................................................................ 83
8.7.2 Using the configuration preset function.........................................................................84
8.8 Specific instrument functions....................................................................................85
Contents
8.8.1 Live chart viewer........................................................................................................... 86
8.8.2 Logging chart viewer..................................................................................................... 89
8.8.3 Logging......................................................................................................................... 94
8.8.4 Dynamic impedance measurement...............................................................................98
8.8.5 Binning........................................................................................................................ 102
9 General instrument settings..............................................................111
9.1 File and data management....................................................................................... 112
9.1.1 File manager settings.................................................................................................. 113
9.1.2 Using the file manager.................................................................................................114
9.1.3 Data and file types.......................................................................................................116
9.2 Interfaces................................................................................................................... 116
9.2.1 Interface settings......................................................................................................... 117
9.2.2 Configuring interfaces..................................................................................................118
9.3 User button................................................................................................................ 118
9.3.1 User button settings.....................................................................................................118
9.3.2 Using the user button function.....................................................................................119
9.4 Screenshot.................................................................................................................119
9.4.1 Screenshot settings.....................................................................................................120
9.4.2 Using the screenshot function.....................................................................................120
9.5 CSV settings.............................................................................................................. 122
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R&S®LCX Series
9.5.1 Settings for CSV data..................................................................................................122
9.5.2 Configuring CSV data................................................................................................. 123
9.6 Date & time................................................................................................................ 123
9.7 Appearance................................................................................................................124
9.8 Sound......................................................................................................................... 125
9.9 Licenses.....................................................................................................................126
9.9.1 Licenses settings.........................................................................................................126
9.9.2 Managing licenses...................................................................................................... 127
9.10 Device information....................................................................................................129
9.10.1 Device information settings......................................................................................... 129
9.10.2 Using the dump file function........................................................................................130
9.11 Update device............................................................................................................131
9.11.1 Update device settings................................................................................................131
Contents
9.11.2 Updating the instrument software............................................................................... 132
9.12 Save/recall................................................................................................................. 133
9.12.1 Save/recall settings..................................................................................................... 133
9.12.2 Using the save/recall function..................................................................................... 134
9.13 Customizing general instrument settings.............................................................. 136
10 Network operation and remote control............................................ 139
10.1 Overview of remote access modes......................................................................... 140
10.2 Remote control interfaces and protocols............................................................... 141
10.2.1 LAN interface.............................................................................................................. 142
10.2.2 USB interface.............................................................................................................. 144
10.2.3 GPIB interface (IEC/IEEE bus interface).....................................................................145
10.2.4 Status reporting system.............................................................................................. 146
10.3 Remote access settings........................................................................................... 149
10.3.1 Network settings..........................................................................................................149
10.3.2 LAN settings................................................................................................................151
10.3.3 VNC settings............................................................................................................... 153
10.3.4 FTP settings................................................................................................................ 154
10.3.5 USB settings............................................................................................................... 156
10.3.6 GPIB settings.............................................................................................................. 157
10.4 Connecting the R&S LCX for remote access......................................................... 158
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R&S®LCX Series
10.5 Adjusting interface addresses.................................................................................159
10.6 Operating the R&S LCX remotely............................................................................ 163
10.6.1 Controlling the R&S LCX over LAN.............................................................................164
10.6.2 Accessing the file system of the R&S LCX using FTP................................................ 167
11 Remote control commands...............................................................171
11.1 Conventions used in SCPI command description.................................................171
11.2 Programming examples........................................................................................... 172
11.3 Common commands.................................................................................................172
11.4 Test signal commands..............................................................................................175
11.5 BIAS subsystem........................................................................................................178
11.6 CORRection subsystem........................................................................................... 180
11.7 DATA subsystem.......................................................................................................186
Contents
11.8 DIMeasure subsystem.............................................................................................. 188
11.9 DISPLay subsystem..................................................................................................192
11.10 FUNCtion subsystem................................................................................................194
11.11 HANDler subsystem..................................................................................................198
11.12 LOG subsystem.........................................................................................................200
11.13 Measurement commands.........................................................................................204
11.14 STATus subsystem....................................................................................................208
11.14.1 Status operation register............................................................................................. 208
11.14.2 Status questionable register........................................................................................210
11.15 SYSTem subsystem.................................................................................................. 211
12 Troubleshooting................................................................................. 222
12.1 Displaying status information..................................................................................222
12.2 Problems during firmware update...........................................................................222
12.3 Cannot establish a LAN connection........................................................................223
12.4 Contacting customer support..................................................................................223
13 Transporting.......................................................................................224
14 Maintenance, storage and disposal................................................. 225
14.1 Cleaning..................................................................................................................... 225
14.2 Changing fuses......................................................................................................... 225
14.3 Storage.......................................................................................................................225
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R&S®LCX Series
14.4 Disposal..................................................................................................................... 225
Contents
Glossary: List of the often used terms and abbreviations.............227
List of commands.............................................................................. 230
Index....................................................................................................233
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R&S®LCX Series
1 Safety and regulatory information
Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
The product documentation helps you use the product safely and efficiently. Follow the
instructions provided here and in the following chapters.
Intended use
The product is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic
components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments.
Use the product only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating conditions and
performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you of potential dangers and gives instructions on how to prevent personal injury or damage caused by
dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
In Chapter 1.1, "Safety instructions", on page 9. The same information is provided in many languages as printed "Safety Instructions". The printed "Safety
Instructions" are delivered with the product.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.
1.1 Safety instructions
Products from the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies are manufactured according
to the highest technical standards. To use the products safely, follow the instructions
provided here and in the product documentation. Keep the product documentation
nearby and offer it to other users.
Use the product only for its intended use and within its performance limits. Intended
use and limits are described in the product documentation such as the data sheet,
manuals and the printed "Safety Instructions". If you are unsure about the appropriate
use, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
Using the product requires specialists or specially trained personnel. These users also
need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user interfaces
and the product documentation are available.
Never open the casing of the product. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product. If any part of the product is damaged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service at
http://www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com.
Lifting and carrying the product
The maximum weight of the product is provided in the data sheet. To move the product
safely, you can use lifting or transporting equipment such as lift trucks and forklifts. Follow the instructions provided by the equipment manufacturer.
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R&S®LCX Series
Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
Choosing the operating site
Only use the product indoors. The product casing is not waterproof. Water that enters
can electrically connect the casing with live parts, which can lead to electric shock,
serious personal injury or death if you touch the casing. If Rohde & Schwarz provides
accessories designed for your product, e.g. a carrying bag, you can use the product
outdoors.
Unless otherwise specified, you can operate the product up to an altitude of 2000 m
above sea level. The product is suitable for pollution degree 2 environments where
nonconductive contamination can occur. For more information on environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
Setting up the product
Always place the product on a stable, flat and level surface with the bottom of the product facing down. If the product is designed for different positions, secure the product so
that it cannot fall over.
If the product has foldable feet, always fold the feet completely in or out to ensure stability. The feet can collapse if they are not folded out completely or if the product is
moved without lifting it. The foldable feet are designed to carry the weight of the product, but not an extra load.
If stacking is possible, keep in mind that a stack of products can fall over and cause
injury.
If you mount products in a rack, ensure that the rack has sufficient load capacity and
stability. Observe the specifications of the rack manufacturer. Always install the products from the bottom shelf to the top shelf so that the rack stands securely. Secure the
product so that it cannot fall off the rack.
Connecting to power
The product is an overvoltage category II product. Connect the product to a fixed
installation used to supply energy-consuming equipment such as household appliances and similar loads. Keep in mind that electrically powered products have risks, such
as electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Take the following measures for your safety:
●
Before switching on the product, ensure that the voltage and frequency indicated
on the product match the available power source. If the power adapter does not
adjust automatically, set the correct value and check the rating of the fuse.
●
If a product has an exchangeable fuse, its type and characteristics are indicated
next to the fuse holder. Before changing the fuse, switch off the instrument and disconnect it from the power source. How to change the fuse is described in the product documentation.
●
Only use the power cable delivered with the product. It complies with country-specific safety requirements. Only insert the plug into an outlet with protective conductor terminal.
●
Only use intact cables and route them carefully so that they cannot be damaged.
Check the power cables regularly to ensure that they are undamaged. Also ensure
that nobody can trip over loose cables.
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R&S®LCX Series
Safety and regulatory information
Labels on the R&S LCX
●
If the product needs an external power supply, use the power supply that is delivered with the product or that is recommended in the product documentation or a
power supply that conforms to the country-specific regulations.
●
Only connect the product to a power source with a fuse protection of maximum
20 A.
●
Ensure that you can disconnect the product from the power source at any time.
Pull the power plug to disconnect the product. The power plug must be easily
accessible. If the product is integrated into a system that does not meet these
requirements, provide an easily accessible circuit breaker at the system level.
Cleaning the product
Use a dry, lint-free cloth to clean the product. When cleaning, keep in mind that the
casing is not waterproof. Do not use liquid cleaning agents.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential hazards.
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
Electrical hazard
Indicates live parts. Risk of electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Hot surface
Do not touch. Risk of skin burns. Risk of fire.
Protective conductor terminal
Connect this terminal to a grounded external conductor or to protective ground. This connec-
tion protects you against electric shock if an electric problem occurs.
1.2 Labels on the R&S LCX
Labels on the casing inform about:
●
Personal safety, see "Meaning of safety labels" on page 11.
●
Product and environment safety, see Table 1-1.
Table 1-1: Labels regarding R&S
LCX and environment safety
Labeling in line with EN 50419 for disposal of electrical and electronic equipment after the product has come to the end of its service life. For more information, see "Disposing electrical and
electronic equipment" on page 226.
Grounding connection
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R&S®LCX Series
1.3 Warning messages in the documentation
Safety and regulatory information
Korea certification class A
Chassis grounding connection
Noiseless ground.
The input signal at these connectors must be free from external voltages. The measurement
results are otherwise incorrect.
A warning message points out a risk or danger that you need to be aware of. The signal word indicates the severity of the safety hazard and how likely it will occur if you do
not follow the safety precautions.
DANGER
Imminently hazardous situation. Will result in death or serious injury if not avoided.
WARNING
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in death or serious injury if not avoided.
CAUTION
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in minor or moderate injury if not avoided.
NOTICE
Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to other
property.
1.4 Korea certification class A
이 기기는 업무용(A급) 전자파 적합기기로서 판매자 또는 사용자는 이 점을 주의하시기
바라며, 가정외의 지역에서 사용하는 것을 목적으로 합니다.
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R&S®LCX Series
2 Welcome
2.1 Key features
Welcome
Key features
The R&S LCX LCR Meter sets standards in analyzing passive components. It provides
the full range of measurements to characterize resistors, capacitors and inductors, and
displays results as absolute, relative or average values.
Outstanding key features are:
●
Frequency range: 4 kHz to 300 kHz (R&S LCX100), and up to 10 MHz
(R&S LCX200)
●
Measurement functions: L, C, R, |Z|, X, |Y|, G, B, D, Q, Φ, ∆, M, N
●
Basic accuracy: 0.05 %
●
Continuous, manual or external control via interface, binning interface or trigger
●
Digital I/O ports and binning function for automatic sorting of components (option
R&S LCX-K107)
●
LAN, USB interface for remote control, optionally IEEE-488 (GPIB) bus interface
(option R&S NG-B105)
For details on the specification, see the data sheet.
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R&S®LCX Series
3 Documentation overview
3.1 Getting started manual
3.2 User manual
Documentation overview
Instrument security procedures
This section provides an overview of the R&S LCX user documentation. Unless specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S LCX product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/lcx
Introduces the R&S LCX and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc. A printed version is delivered with the instrument.
The user manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also
provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control
commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
The user manual is also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
3.3 Tutorials
Tutorials offer guided examples and demonstrations on operating the R&S LCX. They
are provided on the product page of the internet.
3.4 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking compliance with rated specifications, firmware update and maintenance.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS): https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
3.5 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S LCX in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.
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R&S®LCX Series
3.6 Printed safety instructions
3.7 Data sheets and brochures
3.8 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment
Documentation overview
Remote control driver
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S LCX. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/lcx
(OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/lcx
3.9 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/lcx
3.10 Remote control driver
The instrument drivers enable remote control via the corresponding interfaces. The
drivers and installation instructions are available for download on the product page at
www.rohde-schwarz.com/driver/lcx.
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R&S®LCX Series
4 Getting started
4.1 Preparing for use
4.1.1 Lifting and carrying
4.1.2 Unpacking and checking
Getting started
Preparing for use
This chapter contains the same information as the getting started manual.
Here, you can find basic information about setting up the product for the first time.
See "Lifting and carrying the product" on page 9.
1. Unpack the R&S LCX carefully.
2. Retain the original packing material. Use it when transporting or shipping the
R&S LCX later.
3. Using the delivery notes, check the equipment for completeness.
4. Check the equipment for damage.
If the delivery is incomplete or equipment is damaged, contact Rohde & Schwarz.
See also: Chapter 13, "Transporting", on page 224.
4.1.3 Choosing the operating site
Specific operating conditions ensure proper operation and avoid damage to the product and connected devices. For information on environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
See also "Choosing the operating site" on page 10.
Electromagnetic compatibility classes
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) class indicates where you can operate the
product. The EMC class of the product is given in the data sheet under "General data".
●
Class B equipment is suitable for use in:
– Residential environments
– Environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that
supplies residential buildings
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R&S®LCX Series
4.1.4 Setting up the R&S LCX
4.1.4.1 Placing the R&S LCX on a bench top
Getting started
Preparing for use
●
Class A equipment is intended for use in industrial environments. It can cause
radio disturbances in residential environments due to possible conducted and radiated disturbances. It is therefore not suitable for class B environments.
If class A equipment causes radio disturbances, take appropriate measures to
eliminate them.
See also:
●
"Setting up the product" on page 10
●
"Intended use" on page 9
To place the product on a bench top
1. Place the product on a stable, flat and level surface. Ensure that the surface can
support the weight of the product. For information on the weight, see the data
sheet.
CAUTION! Foldable feet can collapse. See "Setting up the product" on page 10.
2.
Always fold the feet completely in or out. With folded-out feet, do not place anything on top or underneath the product.
WARNING! A stack of products can fall over and cause injury. Never stack more
3.
than three products on top of each other. Instead, mount them in a rack.
Stack as follows:
● If the products have foldable feet, fold them in completely.
● All products must have the same dimensions (width and length).
● Do not exceed a total load of 50 kg placed on the product at the bottom of the
stack.
Left
Middle left = Stacked incorrectly, too many products
Middle right = Stacked incorrectly, different dimensions
Right = Stacked incorrectly, different dimensions, folded-out feet
NOTICE! Overheating can damage the product.
4.
= Stacked correctly
Prevent overheating as follows:
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R&S®LCX Series
4.1.4.2 Mounting the R&S LCX in a rack
Getting started
Preparing for use
● Keep a minimum distance of 10 cm between the fan openings of the product
and any object in the vicinity.
● Do not place the product next to heat-generating equipment such as radiators
or other products.
To prepare the rack
1. Observe the requirements and instructions in "Setting up the product" on page 10.
NOTICE! Insufficient airflow can cause overheating and damage the product.
2.
Design and implement an efficient ventilation concept for the rack.
Mounting the R&S LCX in a rack
To mount the R&S LCX in a rack:
1. Use an adapter kit that fits the dimensions of the R&S LCX to prepare the
R&S LCX for rack mounting.
a) Order the rack adapter kit designed for the R&S LCX. For the order number,
see the data sheet.
b) Mount the adapter kit. Follow the assembly instructions provided with the
adapter kit.
2. Lift the R&S LCX to shelf height.
3. Push the R&S LCX onto the shelf until the rack brackets fit closely to the rack.
4. Tighten all screws at the rack brackets with a tightening torque of 1.2 Nm to secure
the R&S LCX at the rack.
Unmounting the R&S LCX from a rack
To unmount the R&S LCX from a rack:
1. Loosen the screws at the rack brackets.
2. Bring the lifting equipment to shelf height.
3. Remove the R&S LCX from the rack.
4. If placing the R&S LCX on a bench top again, unmount the adapter kit from the
R&S LCX. Follow the instructions provided with the adapter kit.
4.1.5 Considerations for test setup
Cable selection and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
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R&S®LCX Series
Getting started
Preparing for use
To suppress electromagnetic radiation during operation:
●
Use high-quality shielded cables, especially for the following connector types:
– Connectors for external devices
Double-shielded data cables. The length of data cables must not exceed 3 m.
– Connectors for signal transmission
Shielded coaxial cables. The length of signal cables must not exceed 1 m.
We recommend that you use the R&S LCX-Z11 BNC-to-BNC extension (1 m)
from Rohde & Schwarz.
– BNC
Double-shielded BNC cables.
– USB
Double-shielded USB cables. The length of passive USB cables must not
exceed 1 m.
– LAN
At least CAT6+ cables
– IEEE-488 (GPIB)
Double-shielded cables. We recommend that you use the double-shielded
cable "R&S HZ72" from Rohde & Schwarz.
●
Always terminate open cable ends.
●
Ensure that connected external devices comply with EMC regulations.
Signal input and output levels
Information on signal levels is provided in the data sheet. Keep the signal levels within
the specified ranges to avoid damage to the product and connected devices.
4.1.6 Connecting to power
For safety information, see "Connecting to power" on page 10.
When using the R&S LCX the first time, you can skip Replacing the external bias fuse
and Replacing the line fuse.
If there are any problems during power-on or malfunction of the bias, check the condition of the mains fuse. Also check the fuse for the external bias input as described in
these instructions. They explain how to check and change the protective fuses, if necessary.
Replacing the external bias fuse
The bias voltage input of the R&S LCX is protected by a fuse of type IEC 60127-2/5F0.5L/250V (order no. 0009.5463.00). The externally accessible fuse is at the rear
panel.
To check and exchange the external bias fuse:
NOTICE! Risk of instrument damage. Malfunction of the fuse that protects the bias
1.
voltage input from overload can damage the circuitry of the instrument.
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Do not use either fuse type other than specified, nor a defective fuse, and never
short-circuit the fuse.
Make sure that you have disconnected the R&S LCX from the mains.
2. Check the condition of the external bias fuse.
3. If necessary, install the fuse type required for the external bias voltage.
a) Unscrew the fuse holder with a suitable screwdriver.
b) Pull out the fuse holder.
c) Replace the fuse by a fuse of the specified type.
d) Insert the fuse holder into the external bias inlet.
When inserting the fuse holder, press it slightly and tighten it.
Replacing the line fuse
The product is protected by one fuse of type IEC 60127-2/5-T2.0H/250V
(order no. 0020.7546.00). The externally accessible fuse is part of the IEC socket of
the power supply at the rear panel.
To exchange the line fuse:
1. Check the available supply voltage.
The mains voltage must be within the voltage range as denoted on the instrument.
The label is at the rear panel, on the left of the "AC power" connector and power
switch.
The power supply module covers a wide power supply range and normally does
not require adjustment.
2. If the power supply exceeds the permissible range, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
WARNING! The fuse is part of the main power supply. Handling the fuse while the
3.
power is on can lead to electric shock.
If necessary, exchange the fuse required for the supply voltage.
4. Before changing the fuse:
a) Set the switch on the power supply to position [0].
b) Disconnect the R&S LCX from the power source.
5. Replace the line fuse.
a) Unplug the power cable.
b) Press the plastic lock on the bottom of the fuse holder inwards using a screw-
driver (with a blade width of approximately 2 mm).
A narrow guide on the bottom of the fuse holder denotes the insertion point.
When unlocking the mechanism, compression springs automatically push the
fuse holder outwards.
c) Pull out the fuse holder.
d) Check the condition of the fuse.
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e) Replace the fuse by a fuse of the specified type.
A label next to the fuse holder also indicates the fuse type and its characteris-
tics.
f) Note: The protruding contact springs must not be deformed. Align the fuse
holder with the guide bar facing the socket.
Carefully slide the fuse holder against the spring pressure into the slot until the
plastic lock latches.
Connecting to power
To connect the instrument to the mains:
1. Check the available supply voltage.
The mains voltage must be within the voltage range as denoted on the instrument.
The label is at the rear panel, on the left of the "AC power" connector and power
switch.
The power supply module covers a wide power supply range and normally does
not require adjustment.
2. If the power supply exceeds the permissible range, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
3.
If necessary, ground the instrument using the grounding connection
A ground connector socket is at the front panel to connect a ground cable with a
banana plug.
As an alternative, a ground terminal at the rear panel enables you to connect a
ground cable firmly with a screw:
a) At the rear panel, unscrew the screw of the ground terminal using a cross-
recess screw driver.
b) Attach a ground cable with a ring terminal and pass the screw through it.
c) Fasten the screw.
d) Connect the cable to ground.
4. Plug the AC power cable into the "AC power" connector.
The power supply switch connector is at the rear panel. Only use the power cable
delivered with the R&S LCX.
5. Plug the AC power cable into a power outlet with ground contact.
The required ratings are listed next to the AC connector and in the data sheet.
4.1.7 Connecting to LAN
.
Establishing the LAN connection
The R&S LCX provides Ethernet (LAN) connectivity. Provided the corresponding rights
are assigned, you can use these interfaces for remote control and data transfer from a
controller PC. The controller PC must also be connected in the network.
The "LAN" connector is at the rear panel.
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To connect the R&S LCX to the LAN:
1. Connect the "LAN" socket using an RJ-45 cable to the LAN.
By default, the R&S LCX configuration uses DHCP that assigns the IP address
automatically.
NOTICE! If the R&S LCX cannot obtain an IP address automatically, or cannot
2.
establish the connection, the icon in the status bar turns red.
Possible reasons are that the LAN does not support DCHP or requires a specific
TCP/IP configuration, or that the connection is missing.
To troubleshoot the problem, proceed as follows:
a) Check if you have connected both, the R&S LCX and the controller PC to the
LAN.
b) Consult your network administrator to request support and an IP address, if
necessary.
c) If necessary, assign the IP address manually as described in "Assigning the
LAN interface addresses manually" on page 159.
If switched on and connected, the R&S LCX indicates the address information and
LAN parameters in the "Ethernet Settings dialog".
Figure 4-1: LAN settings dialog
4.1.8 Connecting USB devices
The "USB A" connector is at the front panel. You can connect or disconnect all USB
devices from the R&S LCX during operation. But do not remove an external USB memory stick while the instrument is saving data, since it leads to loss of data.
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To connect USB storage devices
USB storage devices, such as memory sticks, allow easy data transfer from or to the
R&S LCX. You can also use them for firmware updates.
► Connect the USB storage device to the "USB A" connector.
If you use the front panel connectors, connect the USB storage device directly,
without connecting cable. Connecting cables can cause electromagnetic radiation
and impair the measurement result.
To connect USB devices with external power supply
If you need more power for the external bias, you can use an USB device with external
power supply.
NOTICE! Connected devices with external power supply can feed back current into
1.
the 5 V power supply of the USB interface and thus damage the R&S LCX.
Make sure that there is no connection between the positive pole of the power supply and the +5 V power pin of the USB interface (VBUS).
2. Connect the USB storage device to the "USB A" connector at the front panel.
4.1.9 Connecting a test fixture
The R&S LCX enables you to measure passive components like capacitors, coils,
resistors, transformers. To measure such components requires the use of suitable
measurement adapters, in this context considered as test fixtures.
For information on the test fixtures available for the R&S LCX, see Measurement Set-
ups > About Test Fixtures.
The test fixtures are connected firmly to the four BNC connectors H POT (high potential), H CUR (high current), L POT low potential) and L CUR (low current) at the front
panel.
The following instructions describe the mechanical connection of the adapter only.
Before starting a measurement, consider the prerequisites and steps to be performed
before as described in Chapter 4.3, "Trying out the instrument", on page 32.
Connecting a test fixture to the instrument
To connect a 4-terminal test fixture to the R&S LCX:
NOTICE! Check all terminals to make sure that they are not damaged.
1.
NOTICE! Before connecting, discharge all components. Externally supplied voltage
can damage the BNC connectors of the R&S LCX.
Turn the levers at the "BNC" connectors of the test fixture to the left to release the
lock (1).
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2
1
Figure 4-2: Connecting a test fixture
2. Carefully plug the test fixture to the four "BNC" measurement connectors of the
R&S LCX (2).
3. Turn all levers to the right to tighten the connection (3).
3
Figure 4-3: Fastening the test fixture
The mechanical test setup is ready for operation.
Connecting a test fixture with the BNC-to-BNC extension
If you are using the BNC-to-BNC extension (option R&S LCX-Z11), you can connect all
devices as described in Connecting a test fixture to the instrument. We recommend
that you keep the order as follows:
1. Connect the BNC-to-BNC to the R&S LCX.
Proceed as described in step 1.
2. Connect the test fixture to the extension.
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4.1.10 Switching on or off
Getting started
Instrument tour
Switching on the product
The product is off but connected to power.
1. Set the switch on the power supply to position [I].
The power supply switch connector is on the rear panel.
The R&S LCX starts, and the front panel keys light up briefly.
2. Press the power key for a second.
The power is on the front panel.
The instrument checks the system, boots the operating system, and then starts the
R&S LCX firmware.
The power lights green.
When starting for the first time, the R&S LCX starts with the default settings. When
restarting the instrument, the settings depend on the instrument configuration
before shut-down.
Shutting down the product
► Press the power key.
All current settings are saved and the operating system shuts down.
The power changes to gray (off).
To disconnect from power
The product is in the standby state.
NOTICE! Risk of data loss. If you disconnect the product from power when it is in
1.
the ready state, you can lose settings and data. Shut it down first.
Set the switch on the power supply to position [0].
2. Disconnect the product from the power source.
4.2 Instrument tour
The following topics help you to get familiar with the instrument and perform the first
steps:
●
Front panel tour
●
Rear panel tour
The sections explain the controls and connections at the front and back of the
R&S LCX. For specifications of the interfaces, see the data sheet.
The meanings of the labels on the R&S LCX are described in Chapter 1.2, "Labels on
the R&S LCX", on page 11.
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4.2.1 Front panel tour
1 2 3 4 5 6
11
Getting started
Instrument tour
10
Figure 4-4: R&S LCX front panel
1 = Basic display keys, see "Basic display keys" on page 27
2 = Touchscreen display, see Chapter 4.2.1.1, "Touchscreen display", on page 26
3 = Navigation controls, see "Navigation controls" on page 27
4 = Function keys, see "Function keys" on page 28
5 = Setting keys, see "Settings keys" on page 28
6 = Measurement control keys, see "Measurement control keys" on page 28
7 = BNC measurement connectors, see "L CUR, L POT, H CUR, H POT" on page 29
8 = Measurement mode keys, see "Measurement mode keys" on page 28
9 = Ground connector, see "Ground socket" on page 29
10 = POWER key, see "POWER On/Standby key" on page 29
11 = USB host connector
4.2.1.1 Touchscreen display
The color TFT touchscreen at the front panel is the graphical user interface. It shows
the measurement readings, status information and settings, and provides access to
settings dialogs.
8
79
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Figure 4-5: Touchscreen display
For details on the screen display, see Chapter 4.4.2.1, "Understanding the display
information", on page 36.
The touch-sensitive panel provides an alternative means of user interaction for quick
and easy handling of the instrument, see Chapter 4.4.2, "Means of manual interaction",
on page 35.
4.2.1.2 Keys
This section introduces the functionality of the hardkeys at the front panel. These controls lead you to menus and dialogs displayed on the screen. For information on how to
operate the instrument, see Chapter 4.4.2, "Means of manual interaction",
on page 35.
Basic display keys
The utility keys arrange different windows on the display.
Table 4-1: Display keys
Display key Assigned functions
[home] Returns to the initial feature screen.
[settings] Displays a menu list for accessing general instrument functions.
[★ (User)] Executes a previously assigned user action.
Press and hold accesses the favorites menu for assigning a user action.
Navigation controls
The navigation controls include a rotary knob and navigation keys. They allow you to
navigate within the display or within dialogs, see Chapter 4.4.2, "Means of manual
interaction", on page 35.
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Table 4-2: Navigation controls
Key Assigned functions
[Rotary knob] Selects, activates or confirms settings.
[◀] / [▶] Moves the cursor in entry fields.
[Back] Returns to a previous level in menus, or closes a view.
Measurement mode keys
The measurement controls enable you to select the measurement mode and view of
the representation of the measurement readings.
Table 4-3: Measurement mode controls
Key Assigned functions
[Meas. Mode] Selects either continuous or manually triggered measurement mode.
[Display Mode] Selects the display of measurement readings.
Function keys
The keys in the function panel select the parameters for the measurement.
Table 4-4: Measurement function controls
Key Assigned functions
[L] Selects the function for measuring inductance.
[C] Selects the function for capacity measurement.
[R] Selects the measurement for a resistor.
[Transformer] Selects the transformer measurement.
Settings keys
The keys in the settings panel enable you to select measurement ranges and additional parameters for executing the measurement.
Table 4-5: Measurement function controls
Key Assigned functions
[Freq.] Sets the signal frequency.
[Range] Selects the impedance range.
[Level] Sets the level.
[Comp.] Opens the "Open/Short/Load Correction" dialog for quick access.
[Bias Level] Sets the bias voltage and current.
[Bias Enable] Activates internal or external bias.
Measurement control keys
These keys provide control during the measuring procedure.
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4.2.1.3 Connectors
Getting started
Instrument tour
Table 4-6: Navigation controls
Key Assigned functions
[Auto] Activates the automatic selection of the measurement function.
[Hold] Freezes the measurement range, on the screen indicated with prefix "Hold:"
at the range value.
[Trig.] Triggers a measurement manually.
POWER On/Standby key
The [On/Standby] key switches the instrument from the standby to the ready state or
vice versa.
The [On/Standby] lights green when the instrument is switched on, see Chapter 4.1.10,
"Switching on or off", on page 25.
The measurement input connectors and the USB connector are on the front panel.
L CUR, L POT, H CUR, H POT
Four BNC sockets:
●
"L CUR" (low current): signal output for series measurements (signal generator).
●
"L POT" (low potential): signal input for parallel measurement (voltage measurements).
●
"H CUR" (high current): signal input for series measurements (current measurements).
●
"H POT" (high potential): signal input and output for parallel measurements (measurement bridge).
Ground socket
Protective ground socket (4 mm banana socket) to secure the R&S LCX, e.g. with a
grounded external conductor.
The front panel ground socket is directly connected to the mains safety ground by the
line cord.
See Table 1-1.
USB A
Female USB (universal serial bus) connector of type A (host USB). You can connect a
USB memory stick, e.g., to record and export measurement data, to capture screenshots, or to update the firmware.
How to: Chapter 4.1, "Preparing for use", on page 16
4.2.2 Rear panel tour
This section provides an overview of the connectors at the rear panel of the instrument.
For technical data of the connectors, see the data sheet.
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Instrument tour
1 2
345678910
Figure 4-6: R&S LCX rear panel
1 = IEEE-488 interface, see "IEC 625/IEEE 488" on page 30
2 = Kensington lock, see "Kensington lock" on page 30
3 = AC power connector and power switch, see "AC power supply" on page 30
4 = Ground terminal, see "Ground terminal" on page 31
5 = D-sub connector, see "Digital I/O" on page 31
6 = Bias connectors and fuse holder, see "External Voltage Bias" on page 31, "BIAS Fuse" on page 31
7 = Trigger input connector, see "Trigger Input" on page 31
8 = USB host connector, see "USB A" on page 29
9 = USB device connector, see "USB B" on page 31
10 = Ethernet (LAN) interface connector, see "LAN" on page 31
IEC 625/IEEE 488
Option: R&S NG-B105
General purpose interface bus (GPIB) interface to connect a computer for remote con-
trol of the R&S LCX.
See "Establishing the GPIB remote control connection" on page 158.
Kensington lock
Flat key security slot to prevent the instrument from removal.
The locking system consists of a small, metal-reinforced hole with a metal anchor and
a rubberized metal cable that is secured with a key lock. The loop at the end of the
cable allows you to tie the unit to a fixed object.
AC power supply
Mains power supply with power switch, fuse holder and IEC socket.
●
Mains power switch:
Switch for connecting and disconnecting the internal power supply from the power
source, see Chapter 4.1.10, "Switching on or off", on page 25.
●
Fuse holder
Socket for the fuse securing the line voltage. Depending on the power supply system, the corresponding fuse must be plugged before connecting to power. See
"Connecting to power" on page 21.
●
IEC socket
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Power supply connector for connecting the R&S LCX to the mains., see Chap-
ter 4.1.6, "Connecting to power", on page 19.
Ground terminal
Protective ground terminal to secure the R&S LCX, e.g. with a grounded external conductor, see Table 1-1.
Digital I/O
15-pole D-Sub socket to connect the binning interface.
External Voltage Bias
4 mm safety sockets for external bias voltage.
Note: External BIAS requires constant voltage.
Before applying the voltage, make sure that you have set the constant voltage mode in
the supplying instrument. Refer to the user manual of the power supply.
The External Voltage Bias socket is not directly connected to ground.
Indirectly, there is a connection to ground with low impedance over the "H CUR" output
buffer.
When the bias voltage is turned on, the potential to ground deviates only by a maxi-
mum of ±18 V. Without external bias, make sure that the voltage at the two sockets
does not exceed the safety extra low voltage or the specified 40 V DC.
BIAS Fuse
Socket for the fuse securing the external bias voltage.
Trigger Input
BNC socket for external trigger signal.
The trigger input is directly connected to the mains safety ground by the line cord.
USB A
Female USB (universal serial bus) connector of type A (host USB). You can connect a
USB memory stick, e.g., to record and export measurement data, to capture screenshots, or to update the firmware.
How to: Chapter 4.1, "Preparing for use", on page 16
USB B
Female USB (universal serial bus) type B connector. This interface provides remote
control of the instrument from a controller PC.
See "Establishing a USB remote control connection" on page 158.
LAN
RJ-45 socket to connect the R&S LCX to a LAN for remote control, remote operation,
and data transfer.
How to: Chapter 4.1.7, "Connecting to LAN", on page 21
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4.3 Trying out the instrument
Getting started
Trying out the instrument
As a brief introduction, the following example describes the basic steps to be taken
when setting up a measurement. The instructions guide you through the measurement
of a resistor.
Further test setups and measurement methods are described in the user manual, see
Chapter 6, "Measurement setups", on page 52.
The test setup uses the R&S LCX-Z3 SMD test fixture connected to the R&S LCX for
measuring wireless components.
If necessary, you can connect the R&S LCX-Z11 BNC-to-BNC extension between the
R&S LCX and the test fixture, e.g., to make it easier to pick and place the DUTs.
Basic measurement steps
The R&S LCX LCR meter measures the impedance and phase angle with an AC signal, and derives the required characteristics.
As the equivalent circuit of each DUT contains capacitive, real and conductive parts,
the characteristics of passive components vary dependent on frequency, level, temperature and additional bias. Even the test equipment can impact the measurement
results. Therefore, we recommend that you use the test fixture that fits best for your
application, and align the instrument on all frequencies. Keep the order as given to
minimize parasitic parts and thus to optimize the measurement accuracy.
1. Select the test fixture that fits best for your application.
2. After power-on set the R&S LCX to an initial state, see "Setting the initial state"
on page 32.
3. Connect the test fixture, see Chapter 4.1.9, "Connecting a test fixture", on page 23.
4. Configure the test signal, see "Setting up the test signal" on page 33.
5. Align the instrument on all frequencies, see "Aligning the instrument on all frequen-
cies" on page 34.
6. Start a resistor measurement "Measuring a resistor" on page 34.
Setting the initial state
NOTICE! Check all terminals to make sure that they are not damaged.
1.
Power on the R&S LCX, as described in Chapter 4.1.6, "Connecting to power",
on page 19.
2. Switch on the R&S LCX, see Chapter 4.1.10, "Switching on or off", on page 25.
NOTICE! Risk of measurement inaccuracy. Measurements can be inaccurate, if
3.
performed when the instrument is not warmed-up. Wait until the instrument has
reached its operating temperature before you start the measurement procedure.
The warm-up time is up to 30 minutes.
To start from an initial state, set the instrument to default:
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a) Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
On the front panel, press the [settings] button.
b) In the "Device" tab, select "Save/Recall Device Settings".
c) Select "Default Settings".
The instrument prompts you to confirm the operation.
d) Confirm with "Ok".
The R&S LCX resets all parameters except for system settings.
e)
Select
Connecting the test fixture
The figure shows schematically the elements to be connected.
► To connect the test fixture, proceed as described in Chapter 4.1.9, "Connecting a
test fixture", on page 23.
Setting up the test signal
To configure the test signal:
to return to the settings menu.
1. To set the frequency:
a) On the screen, select "Frequency".
b) Enter, e.g. 10 kHz using the keypad on the screen.
c)
Confirm with
2. To select the level parameter:
Before setting the test signal level, you can select either the signal voltage, or the
signal current for the level setting:
a) Press the [settings] at the front panel.
b) Select the "Measurement" tab.
c) Select "Test Signal Level".
d) Select, e.g. "Voltage".
e) Confirm with "Set".
f) Press the [home] key to return to the measurement window.
The R&S LCX provides the selected parameter for the level setting on the screen.
3. To set the test signal level:
a) On the screen, select "Level".
b) Enter, e.g. 1.3 VRMS.
c)
Confirm with
4. If you know the expected range, set the range as follows.
Otherwise skip this step and proceed with step 5:
.
.
a) Select "Range".
b) In the "Select Measurement Range" dialog, select the expected impedance,
e.g. 10 kΩ.
c) Confirm with "Set".
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5. On the front panel, press the [Auto] key to activate automatic detection of the measurement function according to the component type of the DUT.
Aligning the instrument on all frequencies
To align the R&S LCX on all frequencies:
1. Press the [Comp.] key at the front panel.
The "Open/Short/Load Correction" dialog opens.
2. Perform a short correction, in this example described for the SMD test fixture
(R&S LCX-Z3):
a) Short-circuit the contact devices, i.e. the clamps or pins, according to the used
test fixture.
b) Set "Short Correction Enabled" > "ON".
The short correction takes about 2 minutes.
3. Perform an open correction:
a) Open the contact devices.
Depending on the test fixture, take care that you set the required position.
For example, Kelvin clamps require the same position as expected for the measurement, or the spacing between SMD pins must correspond to the size of the
measurement sample.
b) Set "Open Correction Enabled" > "ON".
The open correction also lasts for about 2 minutes.
Note: For information on corrections with other test fixtures, see Chapter 6.1,
"About test fixtures", on page 52.
Measuring a resistor
1. To select the resistor measurement (DUT component type), press the [R] key.
2. To select the parameters for measurement results display:
a) Select the softkey in the upper left corner, to open the selection editor.
b) Select the parameters "R-X" (resistance, reactance).
c) Repeat the steps to select the second parameters, e.g. select "Z-Θ" (impe-
dance, phase angle).
3. Insert the sample resistor in the test fixture as follows:
a) To open the contact pins, relax and hold the lever to the left.
b) Carefully position the sample between the contacts in the center.
c) Release the lever to fix the sample.
The measurement starts and you can see the readings on the screen.
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4.4 Instrument control
4.4.1 Ways to operate the instrument
Getting started
Instrument control
This chapter provides an overview on how to work with the R&S LCX. It introduces the
possibilities for operating the instrument and describes the basic functionality of the
control elements. If a measurement configuration requires specific operating steps, the
corresponding settings description in the user manual points it out separately.
● Ways to operate the instrument.............................................................................. 35
● Means of manual interaction...................................................................................35
● Remote control........................................................................................................46
You can operate an R&S LCX in two ways:
●
Manual operation
Use the touchscreen and the front panel controls to configure general and measurement settings.
See Chapter 4.4.2, "Means of manual interaction", on page 35 for basic information on manual operation of the instrument.
●
Remote control
Create programs to automatize repeating settings, tests and measurements. A
controller PC with remote access to the instrument runs the programs.
See Chapter 4.4.3, "Remote control", on page 46 for an overview of the interfaces
provided for remote control.
4.4.2 Means of manual interaction
For manual interaction of the R&S LCX, use the touchscreen and front panel controls,
see front panel. The display shows the current settings, menus and dialogs, when you
perform your settings.
For the manual interaction with the R&S LCX, you have several methods that you can
use as an alternative to perform a task:
●
Touchscreen
Touchscreen operation is the most direct way to interact with the instrument.
Almost all control elements and actions on the screen are based on the standard
operating system concept. You can tap any user interface element to set parameters in dialogs, enter data, or scroll within a dialog.
Using various finger gestures you can select any user interface element, set
parameters in dialogs, enter data using online keypads, or scroll within a dialog.
– Tapping
Touch quickly: selects a parameter or provokes an action.
– Swiping
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Instrument control
Touch and swipe: Scrolls through the contents of a display element larger than
the screen, e.g. a menu list.
– Dragging
Touch and drag: Shifts the contents from one position to another on the display.
By dragging your finger over a diagram, you can pan the displayed area of the
diagram to show results that were previously out of view.
●
System, measurement and function keys
The front panel hardkeys provide nearly all functions and controls to operate the
instrument in the classic way, without touchscreen.
You can access the main functions and parameters, measurement and display
modes and configure general instrument settings. When selected, i.e. a function is
active, the corresponding function key lights up white.
●
Navigation controls
The navigation controls include a [rotary knob] and right [▶], left [◀] keys.
The rotary knob allows you to navigate on the home screen or in dialogs, and to
set parameters. The [◀] [▶] move the cursor in entry fields.
This manual describes the manual interaction with the instrument using the touchscreen. It mentions the alternative methods using the keys on the instrument or the onscreen keypads if it deviates from the standard operating procedures.
Throughout the manual, the term "select" refers to any of the described methods, i.e.
using a finger on the touchscreen or a key on the instrument or on a keyboard.
For basic instructions on how to control the R&S LCX, see Chapter 4.4.2.2, "Accessing
the functionality", on page 43.
4.4.2.1 Understanding the display information
The initial display screen shows the measurement result window, status information
and general settings at the top. The main area displays the measurement results,
depending on the selected measurement and display mode.
For detailed information, see Chapter 8.2, "Display mode", on page 69.
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Instrument control
21
3
6
4
5
Figure 4-7: Example of screen display
1 = Configuration preset indicator, see "Configuration preset indicator" on page 37
2 = Status bars, see "Status bar" on page 37
3 = Settings softkey and configuration preset softkeys, see "Settings softkey" on page 40, "Configuration
preset softkeys" on page 40
4 = Signal parameters, see "Signal parameters" on page 40
5 = Test signal monitor, see "Test signal monitor" on page 40
6 = Measurement parameters and results, see "Measurement parameters and results" on page 41
The following sections explain the information areas as labeled.
Configuration preset indicator
The R&S LCX enables you to set up to three different measurement configurations and
assign them as favorites with the "Configuration preset softkeys" on page 40. The
indicator displays the currently active preset configuration.
(Preset 1/2/3) displays the currently active preset configuration.
Status bar
You can see two status bar lines. The status bar in the upper line on the right, referred
to as instrument status bar, indicates icons which represent the states of connections,
remote control communication and operating modes. The status bar to the right of
"Preset", is referred to as measurement status bar. Its icons indicate measurement
modes and states.
Instrument status bar
The instrument status bar refers to the general instrument configuration and operating
modes, see Table 4-7 for information on the icons.
The color of the symbols indicates the status of, e.g. a function, connection or a process:
●
white - enabled, or running
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●
gray - disabled
●
red - faulty
●
yellow - denotes a specific status
Table 4-7: Instrument status bar
Indicator Description
Indicates that the touchscreen is locked.
See Chapter 9.3, "User button", on page 118
Touchscreen
White indicates that the VNC service is enabled for remote access over
Virtual Network Computing
File Transfer Protocol
(Remote control with SCPI
commands)
LAN.
See "Remote operation (VNC)" on page 140.
White indicates that the remote access to the file system over LAN is
enabled.
See "Remote file access (FTP)" on page 141.
Indicates the status when working with remote control commands:
●
single white flash:
SCPI command received successfully
●
red
A remote control error has occurred, entered in the SCPI error
queue
●
gray
no SCPI communication
Getting started
Instrument control
White indicates that the R&S LCX measures in continuous measurement
Measurement mode
Trigger event
Logging
USB host interface
USB device interface The USB remote control connection is established.
LAN interface
mode.
See Chapter 8.1, "Measurement mode", on page 67
Flashes once on a trigger event.
Indicates the logging state:
●
white
Data logging is running.
●
red
A logging error has occurred.
●
gray
Logging is disabled
See Chapter 8.8.3, "Logging", on page 94
White indicates that a connected USB memory device is in use.
See Chapter 4.1.8, "Connecting USB devices", on page 22.
See "Establishing a USB remote control connection" on page 158.
The R&S LCX is connected to LAN.
See Chapter 4.1.7, "Connecting to LAN", on page 21.
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Instrument control
Indicator Description
GPIB/IEE-488 The IEE-488 bus interface (GPIB) connection is established.
See Chapter 10.4, "Connecting the R&S LCX for remote access",
on page 158.
Time Indicates the time set on the instrument.
See Chapter 9.6, "Date & time", on page 123.
Measurement status bar
The measurement status bar provides information on certain measurement modes,
functions and states. When activated, indicators displayed in white color represent the
corresponding functions.
For information on the measurement modes and functions, see "About measurement
parameters" on page 73.
Table 4-8: Measurement status bar
Indicator Description
Measurement mode
Measurement speed
"O", " S", "L"
"LowZ" Low impedance measurement mode is set.
"BIAS"
Indicates the set measurement speed:
●
fast
●
medium
●
slow
In triggered mode, the icon is grayed out.
See "Measurement Speed" on page 76
Indicates if open, short, and load corrections are enabled.
●
white: enabled
●
gray: disabled
See Chapter 8.6.2, "Open/short/load correction settings", on page 78
See "Source Impedance" on page 76
Indicates an activated BIAS:
●
"VBIAS": voltage bias, provided for capacitance measurements
●
"IBIAS": current bias, provided for inductance measurements
●
"eVBIAS": external voltage bias, for capacitance measurements
If disabled, the icons are grayed out.
See Chapter 8.4.1, "Test signal settings", on page 71
"Cable Length"
White indicates that the cable length is set. The R&S LCX displays the
set value (currently only 1 m applicable).
See "Cable Length" on page 76
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Getting started
Instrument control
Settings softkey
The (settings) softkey opens the measurement dialog for setting additional basic
measurement parameters.
Configuration preset softkeys
The (preset configuration) softkeys recall previously assigned measurement configurations, defined for dedicated measurements. You can assign up to three predefinable configuration presets.
How to: see Chapter 8.7.2, "Using the configuration preset function", on page 84
Signal parameters
Figure 4-8: Measurement signal parameters
Each softkey opens an on-screen keypad for setting the signal parameters directly.
Alternatively, you can use the corresponding settings keys at the front panel.
Test signal monitor
Figure 4-9: Test signal monitor
The test signal monitor displays voltage and current results and the measurement
accuracy.
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Getting started
Instrument control
Measurement parameters and results
Figure 4-10: Measurement results window
The initial screen shows the basic parameters capacitance "Cs" and serial resistance
"Rs", the impendance "Z" and phase angle "Θd". On the right, the R&S LCX displays
the measurement readings.
You can select parameters different from default by tapping the parameter softkeys.
How to: see "Measuring a resistor" on page 34
The parameter softkeys open an on-screen selection list for selecting parameters other
than displayed.
Additional display characteristics
The following section provides a short insight on the indication of the screen in general,
and significant elements that you see under specific operating modes, in dialogs or settings.
●
Appearance of active elements
– Active elements like On/Off switches, state buttons have a blue background.
– Selected elements are framed or highlighted orange.
– Inactive elements are gray.
●
Menus and dialogs
Both, menus and dialogs appear similar, and contain selection lists.
Throughout this manual, a list of functions which lead you to the settings of this
function is referred to as menu. The term dialog refers to the views that cover the
parameters of a certain function. Some dialogs are divided into tabs with logically
grouped parameters.
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Figure 4-11: Example of a menu
●
Selection editors
Getting started
Instrument control
Figure 4-12: Example of selection editor for measurement parameter pairs
When opened, a generic label in the header of the editor window shows the parameter for selection. Each editor lists the available values and buttons to confirm the
selection.
●
On-screen keypads
As additional means of interacting with the instrument, either a numerical or alphanumerical on-screen keypad appears when you activate an entry field (see Chap-
ter 4.4.2.3, "Entering data", on page 44).
Figure 4-13: Numeric on-screen keypad
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Getting started
Instrument control
Figure 4-14: Alphanumeric on-screen keyboard
●
Info dialogs
An "Info dialog" appears when an event generates a message. The generically
assigned header shows the affected topic. The message describes the event, and
short instructions lead you through the next steps.
●
Scroll bar
Appears when the list of selection parameters exceeds the size of the screen.
Touch and swipe on the screen to scroll up and down.
●
Progress indicator
Indicates a currently running process. If a process takes some time, a progress bar
shows the current state.
4.4.2.2 Accessing the functionality
All functionalities are provided in dialogs, menus, editors or keypads, as known from
computer programs. You can control the instrument intuitively with the touchscreen.
This section provides an overview of the accessing methods.
Apart from the main menus "Measurement" and "Device", we use the term "dialog" to
refer to all editable windows.
You can access the instrument's functions and settings by using one of the following
controls:
●
System and function keys at the front panel of the instrument
●
Interactive softkeys on the touchscreen, underlined in gray
To open the main menus
To open the two main menus:
1. Press the [settings] at the front panel.
2. Select (tap) the corresponding tab on the screen.
The selection leads you either to a settings parameter directly, or to a dedicated
dialog.
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Instrument control
To open a dialog
To open one of the dialogs, or editors, you have several options:
1. Press the corresponding hardkey at the front panel, e.g. the [Freq.] key.
2. Select (tap) a softkey on the screen, e.g. "Frequency:"
To close a dialog
1. To return to the home screen, press the [home] key.
2. To return to a previous dialog, the R&S LCX provides several softkeys:
● Softkeys that prompt you to confirm your selection, as e.g. "Select" or "Ok"
●
the
(back) softkey in the left upper corner of a dialog
● Softkeys that prompt you to confirm your selection, as e.g. "Select" or "Ok"
automatically close a dialog.
● the [Back] key or the [rotary knob] at the front panel
To select a parameter
If many parameters available, they are often provided in a list:
1. If necessary, scroll through the list.
Tip: You do not need the focus exactly on the bar, touch and swipe the list.
2. As an alternative, you can use the [rotary knob]:
a) Turn the knob to select the parameter.
b) Press the knob to confirm your selection.
4.4.2.3 Entering data
Some parameters have their own key at the front panel.
For data input in dialogs, the instrument provides on-screen keypads for entering
numeric and alphanumeric values. Thus, you can always set the parameters using the
touchscreen, or the navigation controls at the front panel.
To correct an entry
1. To delete an entry, set the cursor to the right of the entry you want to delete. To
select the position:
a) Select (tap) it in the entry field directly.
b) Use the cursor softkeys of the on-screen keypad.
c) Use the [◀], or [▶] keys at the front panel.
2. On the on-screen keypad, select "Clear".
Deletes the entry to the left of the cursor.
3. Enter your correction.
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Instrument control
To complete the entry
To confirm the entry:
►
On the on-screen keyboard, select (confirm).
To abort the entry
► On the on-screen keypad, select "ESC".
The dialog closes without changing the settings.
Pressing the [rotary knob] also cancels the action and returns to the previous
screen.
Entering numeric parameters
To enter values with the on-screen keypad
For numeric settings, the instrument displays the numeric keypad. The units specified
correspond to the units of the parameter.
1. Enter the numeric value.
2. Select the unit button to complete the entry.
The unit is added to the entry.
3.
If the parameter does not require a unit, confirm the entered value with .
To enter values by using the front panel controls
You can also control the R&S LCX with the front panel controls, e.g. if you have locked
the touchscreen.
See Chapter 9.3.2, "Using the user button function", on page 119.
1. Select the corresponding settings hardkey at the front panel, e.g. select [Freq.].
The on-screen keypad opens.
2. Press the [rotary knob].
The R&S LCX changes to edit mode, and returns to the home screen.
3. Turn the [rotary knob] to select the corresponding entry field (framed orange).
4. To enter a value, e.g. the frequency, use the controls as follows:
a) Pressing the [rotary knob] enables the entry field for editing.
b) Turning the knob decreases or increases the currently selected digit (highligh-
ted in blue).
c) Pressing the button again switches to the next digit.
Alternatively, you can use the [◀] or [▶] keys.
5. To enter a selection editor, e.g. to change a measurement parameter indicated in
the result window:
a) Turn the [rotary knob] to select the parameter (softkey on the screen).
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4.4.3 Remote control
Getting started
Instrument control
b) Press the [rotary knob].
The selection editor opens.
c) Turn the knob to scroll within the list.
d) Press the [rotary knob] again to confirm your selection.
6. To access the main menus and subdialogs, use the functionality of the [rotary
knob] and the [◀] or [▶] keys the same way.
Entering alphanumeric parameters
If a field requires alphanumeric input, you can use the on-screen keyboard to enter letters and (special) characters.
Access and control are similar as described above.
In addition to operating the R&S LCX directly on the instrument, it is also possible to
operate and control it from a remote PC.
Remote control interfaces
The R&S LCX provides several interfaces for remote control:
●
Ethernet (LAN) interface
●
USB standard interface
●
IEE-488 bus interface (GPIB) (option: R&S NG-B105)
For detailed information on how to configure the remote control interfaces, see Chap-
ter 10, "Network operation and remote control", on page 139.
See Chapter 4.1.7, "Connecting to LAN", on page 21 for an example on how to set up
LAN connection for remote control.
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5 Measurement basics
Measurement basics
Impedance measurement parameters in general
The following graph shows the capacitive and inductive parts of passive components
during impedance measurement in dependency on the frequency and the phase shift.
Imaginary axis jX
Q = 500
D = 0.002 Ω
above 45 ° = L
phase angle
Real axis
below -45 ° = C
Figure 5-1: Phase angle and integral sections
L = inductance
R = resistance
C = capacitance
|Z| = impedance
D = dissipation factor
Q = quality factor
Q = 500
D = 0.002 Ω
Q = D = 1
|Z| = 1000 Ω
Q = D = 1
Q = 500
D = 0.002 Ω
R
Q = 500
D = 0.002 Ω
5.1 Impedance measurement parameters in general
The following table outlines the basic parameters and their definitions:
Table 5-1: Basic parameters and definitions
Parameter (designation and [unit]) Definition
Z (Ω) Impedance
|Z| (Ω) Magnitude of Z
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Measurement basics
Impedance measurement parameters of the R&S
R (Ω) Resistance
Xs (Ω) Reactance
Y (S) Admittance
|Y| (S) Magnitude of Y
Gp (S) Equivalent parallel conductance measured with par-
allel-equivalent circuit model
Bp (S) Susceptance
Imaginary part of Y
Q Quality factor (inverse of D)
D or tanδ Dissipation factor
Θr (rad,°) Phase angle of impedance/admittance (radian)
Θd (°) Phase angle of impedance/admittance (degree)
φ (rad, °) Phase angle of Y
Cs (F) Capacitance value measured with series-equivalent
circuit model
LCX
Cp (F) Capacitance value measured with parallel-equiva-
lent circuit model
Ls (H) Inductance value measured with series-equivalent
circuit model
Lp (H) Inductance value measured with parallel-equivalent
circuit model
Rs or ESR (Ω) Equivalent series resistance measured with series-
equivalent circuit model
Rp (Ω) Equivalent parallel resistance measured with paral-
lel-equivalent circuit model
RDC (Ω) Direct-current resistance
VDC (V) Direct-current voltage
IDC (A) Direct-current electricity
qd (°) Phase angle of impedance/admittance (degree)
qr (rad) Phase angle of impedance/admittance (radian)
5.2 Impedance measurement parameters of the R&S LCX
In addition to the characterization of the resistance, inductance and capacity of passive
components, the R&S LCX determines parameters like the quality factor (Q), the dissipation factor (D), the phase angle (Θ), and the complex values of the impedance (Z)
and the admittance (Y).
The following tables show the parameter pairs that you can select for display.
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Impedance measurement parameters of the R&S LCX
Table 5-2: Resistance measurement parameters
Parameter Designation and unit
Rs-X series resistance (Ω) - reactance (Ω)
Rp-B parallel resistance (Ω) - susceptance (Ω)
Rdc DC current resistance (Ω) - reactance (Ω)
*)
G-B
*)
Z-Θr
*)
Z-Θd
*)
Y-Θr
*)
Y-Θd
*)
selectable as second measurement parameter pair
Table 5-3: Capacitor measurement parameters
Parameter Designation and unit
conductance (S) - susceptance (Ω)
impedance (Ω) - phase angle (rad)
impedance (Ω) - phase angle (°)
admittance (S) - phase angle (rad)
admittance (S) - phase angle (°)
Measurement basics
Cs-Q serial capacitance (F) - quality factor
Cs-D serial capacitance (F) - dissipation factor
Cs-Rs serial capacitance (F) - serial resistance (Ω)
Cp-Q parallel capacitance (F) - quality factor
Cp-D parallel capacitance (F) - dissipation factor
Cp-Rp parallel capacitance (F) - serial resistance (Ω)
Cp-G parallel capacitance (F) - conductance (S)
*)
G-B
*)
Z-Θr
*)
Z-Θd
*)
Y-Θr
*)
Y-Θd
*)
selectable as second measurement parameter pair
conductance (S) - susceptance (Ω)
impedance (Ω) - phase angle (rad)
impedance (Ω) - phase angle (°)
admittance (S) - phase angle (rad)
admittance (S) - phase angle (°)
Table 5-4: Inductor measurement parameters
Parameter Designation and unit
Ls-Q serial inductance (H) - quality factor
Ls-D serial inductance (H) - dissipation factor
Ls-Rs serial inductance (H) - serial resistance (Ω)
Lp-Q parallel inductance (H) - quality factor
Lp-D parallel inductance (H) - dissipation factor
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Considerations on measurement accuracy
Parameter Designation and unit
Lp-Rp parallel inductance (H) - resistance (Ω)
Lp-G parallel inductance (H) - conductance
*)
Rs-X
*)
G-B
*)
Z-Θr
*)
Z-Θd
*)
Y-Θr
*)
Y-Θd
*)
selectable as second measurement parameter pair
Table 5-5: Transformer measurement parameters
Parameter Designation and unit
series resistance (Ω) - reactance (Ω)
conductance (S) - susceptance (Ω)
impedance (Ω) - phase angle (rad)
impedance (Ω) - phase angle (°)
admittance (S) - phase angle (rad)
admittance (S) - phase angle (°)
Measurement basics
M-Θd mutual inductance (H) - phase angle (°)
N-Θd transformer ratio - phase angle (°) (phase difference between primary
and secondary winding)
*)
Rs-X
*)
G-B
*)
Z-Θr
*)
Z-Θd
*)
Y-Θr
*)
Y-Θd
*)
selectable as second measurement parameter pair
series resistance (Ω) - reactance (Ω)
conductance (S) - susceptance (Ω)
impedance (Ω) - phase angle (rad)
impedance (Ω) - phase angle (°)
admittance (S) - phase angle (rad)
admittance (S) - phase angle (°)
5.3 Considerations on measurement accuracy
To know the measurement accuracy of a, e.g. capacitance measurement, the accuracy
and characteristics of the instrument are essential.
An R&S LCX LCR meter measures the impedance (Z) and phase (Θ), and derives the
results of the also provided measurement parameters. The accuracy of a determined
parameter therefore refers to the accuracy of these measured parameters.
During a measurement, the R&S LCX displays the accuracy of (Z) and (Θ) at the current working point in the Test signal monitor on the screen.
If you need to know the accuracy outside a running measurement or for a secondary
measurement parameter, you can calculate the accuracy individually.
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Measurement basics
Considerations on measurement accuracy
How to:
●
see the application note "LCX accuracy calculations" on the product page
www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/lcx.
The application note guides you how to proceed in general, and how to determine
the value for specific sample components.
●
see the data sheet "Specifications" on the product page www.rohde-schwarz.com/
brochure-datasheet/lcx). The data sheet provides the formulas and the instrument-
specific calculation factors.
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6 Measurement setups
6.1 About test fixtures
Measurement setups
About test fixtures
Measuring components requires the use of suitable measurement adapters, referred to
as test fixtures.
Test fixtures provide precise measurements of electronic components, such as passive
components, either with lead wires or SMD modules. They are designed to hold or
directly connect the measurement samples.
All test fixtures provided for connecting to the R&S LCX feature the 4 terminal pair
measurement method.
● Test fixture for axial/radial lead type components................................................... 52
● Kelvin clip lead........................................................................................................ 53
● Test fixture for SMD components............................................................................54
● Test tweezers for SMD components....................................................................... 54
● Test fixture with cables for transformer components...............................................55
● BNC-to-BNC extension........................................................................................... 57
6.1.1 Test fixture for axial/radial lead type components
This test fixture R&S LCX-Z1 is a 4-terminal THT (through hole) test fixture for measurements of both, axial or radial wired components.
Figure 6-1: R&S
LCX-Z1 test fixture for axial/radial lead type components
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6.1.2 Kelvin clip lead
Measurement setups
About test fixtures
The R&S LCX-Z1 test adapter has two contact slots, each to plug in one lead of the
component. To perform short correction, connect the short circuit plate supplied with
the test fixture. For open correction, leave the slots unconnected.
The clamping jaws adapt to the wire diameter automatically.
The Kelvin clip lead R&S LCX-Z2 test fixture is designed for measuring components
with particular size, shape or terminals.
Figure 6-2: R&S LCX-Z2 Kelvin clip lead
The test fixture is equipped with two insulated Kelvin clips that hold the wires or terminals of the component. To perform short correction, connect the clips together. For
open correction, leave the clips unconnected.
The cable positioning for R&S LCX-Z2 has impact to measurement results, especially
with higher frequencies.
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6.1.3 Test fixture for SMD components
Measurement setups
About test fixtures
The R&S LCX-Z3 test fixture is designed for measuring SMD, i.e. leadless components. It is suitable for rectangular or cylindrical shaped chips with parallel electrodes,
and components similar in shape and type.
Figure 6-3: R&S LCX-Z3 SMD test fixture
The test fixture provides a section to position and center the component and clamp it
between two connection pins.
To perform short correction, close the contacts of the connection pins. For open correction, use the lever to open the pins until the spacing between them corresponds
approximately to the length of the measurement sample. Hold this position during the
correction.
6.1.4 Test tweezers for SMD components
The test tweezers R&S LCX-Z4) test fixture is designed for measuring SMD components, even when they are mounted on printed circuit boards. It provides simple and
fast contacting and is thus suitable, for example, for pre-selection during incoming
inspection or of small batches.
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Measurement setups
About test fixtures
Figure 6-4: R&S LCX-Z4 SMD test tweezers
The test fixture is equipped with tweezers, and miniature SMD tweezers.
To perform short correction, close the hold contacts of the tweezers. For open correction, leave the contacts open.
6.1.5 Test fixture with cables for transformer components
The transformer R&S LCX-Z5 test fixture is designed for measuring transformers or
transmitters in combination with transformers.
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Measurement setups
About test fixtures
Figure 6-5: R&S LCX-Z5 transformer test fixture and test cables
The test fixture comes with four test leads equipped with alligator clips, to contact the
primary and secondary circuits of the measurement sample. The BNC connectors on
the right and left outside are intended to contact the circuit with the higher number of
windings. The two BNC connectors in the middle correspondingly for the circuit with
lower number of windings.
As an alternative, it is possible, to install a user-specific test setup at the BNC connectors directly.
For open and short correction, the test leads must be connected to the test fixture as
follows:
1. Connect the test leads with the red alligator clips to the "N", and to the outer "Custom" [BNC] connectors.
2. Connect the test leads with the black clips to the "I" and the inner "Custom" [BNC]
connectors.
To perform short correction, connect the two red clips and the two black clips together.
For open correction, connect the black clips together and leave the red clips open.
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6.1.6 BNC-to-BNC extension
Measurement setups
Configuring the test signal
The R&S LCX-Z11 BNC-to-BNC extension (1m) enables you to place the test setup in
the distance of 1 m from the site of the R&S LCX.
Figure 6-6: R&S LCX-Z11 BNC-to-BNC extension
The extension also provides four BNC measurement ports for connecting a test fixture
or establish user-specific connection.
When you use the R&S LCX-Z11 BNC-to-BNC extension, you must set the cable
length to 1 m in the measurement settings for cable length compensation, see Chap-
ter 8.6.1, "Measurement parameter settings", on page 75.
How to: see "Connecting a test fixture with the BNC-to-BNC extension" on page 24
6.2 Configuring the test signal
The accuracy of the measured impedance depends mainly on the test frequency and
level. Therefore, each measurement requires that you specify the test signal to obtain
results under defined conditions.
In addition to the frequency and level settings, e.g. to measure at a certain working
point, you can define a measurement range. E.g., if you want to analyze the behavior
of a component over a certain range. For measurements of coils or capacitors you can
superimpose a current, or voltage bias, respectively.
We assume that you have set up the R&S LCX as described in Chapter 4.1.4, "Setting
up the R&S LCX", on page 17. For basic information on setting up a measurement,
including the test signal, see the example in "Basic measurement steps" on page 32.
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Measurement setups
Configuring the test signal
For details on the setting parameters, see Chapter 8, "Instrument functions",
on page 67.
The following sections provide additional information to be considered for the specific
measurements.
Depending on a bias required for your measurement, see Chapter 6.3, "Configuring
BIAS", on page 59 on how to proceed.
Considerations for test signal configuration
●
Dependency of the selected impedance range and the low impedance measurement setting
The impedance range depends on various settings, e..g., the range selection and
the setting of the "LowZ" state.
The following overview explains the corresponding setting (in quotes) for the impedance in the expected range:
LowZ Mode > ON
– ≤10 Ω
"3 Ω": measures values from 0 Ω to ≈3 Ω
– >10 Ω
"10 Ω": measures all values but with limited accuracy
"30 Ω": measures values from 30 Ω up to infinity
LowZ Mode > OFF
– ≤100 Ω
"3 Ω": measures values from 0 Ω to ≈3 Ω
– >100 Ω
"100 Ω": measures all values but with limited accuracy
"300 Ω": measures values from 300 Ω up to infinity
To achieve best measurement results for the expected sample component, select
the range as close to these limits as possible.
Examples for LowZ Mode > OFF, based on the range settings 3 Ω, 10 Ω, 30 Ω,
100 Ω, 300 Ω, 1 kΩ, 3 kΩ, ...:
– 1.2 Ω DUT > select 3 Ω range
– 3.1 Ω DUT > select 10 Ω range
– 150 Ω DUT > select 100 Ω range
– 310 Ω DUT > select 300 Ω range
Auto range
The auto range function selects the range that fits best automatically.
Currently we recommend that you execute measurements with automatic range
selection only in "SLOW" measurement speed mode. This limitation will be fixed in
future releases.
●
Dependency of the mains frequency and the test signal frequency for high
impedances
Measuring high impedances with a signal frequency of ≈100 Hz or 120 Hz lead to
inaccurate readings as the mains frequency with usually 50 Hz / 60 Hz interferes
the test signal frequency.
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6.3 Configuring BIAS
Measurement setups
Configuring BIAS
For an example on how to configure the test signal parameters, see "Setting up the
test signal" on page 33.
Referred to as biasing defines the method of superimposing a voltage or current on an
existing voltage/current to shift the operating point of an electronic component to a specific value.
With the bias function of the R&S LCX, you can predefine a working DC bias that corresponds to an expected supply voltage, or (current) in a circuit. The function enables
you, to measure the component sample under operating conditions, as expected for
the intended use.
Example: DC dependency of inductors
To measure the current flowing through an inductor under real conditions, e.g., in
power supplies, the current of approximately < 0.1 mA supplied by the R&S LCX is not
sufficient. To achieve higher current, the most common method is to superimpose the
AC with a DC current.
How to: "Setting a current bias" on page 61
Example: DC dependency of capacitors
Some capacitor types, e.g. electrolytic or tantalum capacitors, require a positive voltage bias to achieve accurate measurements of the component sample. To add the
bias, you can use either the internal bias source, or supply the bias externally, e.g.
using a power supply.
How to: "Setting an external voltage bias" on page 60
6.3.1 Internal bias voltage
Setting an internal voltage bias
To bias a capacitive component sample:
1. To select the capacitance measurement (DUT component type), press the [C] key.
2. Configure the test signal.
3. To select the parameters for measurement results display:
a) Select the measurement pair softkey in the upper left corner, to open the selec-
tion editor.
b) Select the parameters "Cp-D" (parallel capacitance, dissipation factor).
c) Confirm you selection.
d) Repeat the steps to select the second parameters, e.g. select "Cp-Rp" (parallel
capacitance, parallel resistance).
4. To set the voltage bias value:
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Configuring BIAS
a) Press the [Bias Level] key.
b) Enter, e.g. 5 V using the keypad on the screen.
5.
Confirm with .
6. Set up the measurement of the capacitance as described, e.g. in "Measuring a
capacitor" on page 63.
7. To activate the voltage bias, press the [Bias Enable] key.
The lighting [Bias Enable] key indicates that bias is active.
Deactivating current bias
To turn off current bias:
1. Press the [Bias Enable] key.
The unlit [Bias Enable] key indicates that current bias is deactivated.
2. Remove the component sample.
6.3.2 External voltage bias
Option: R&S LCX-K108
The read-back voltage indicated on the "GUI" relies on the external power supply that
must be activated. If the power supply output is deactivated or the connection is open,
both, the test signal voltage monitor and the external bias voltage monitor can be inaccurate.
Setting an external voltage bias
To bias a capacitive component sample with a DC voltage supplied by a power supply
instrument:
NOTICE! Check all cables to make sure that they are not damaged.
1.
Connect the safety sockets of the power supply with the cables of the same color
to the corresponding External Voltage Bias at the rear panel.
NOTICE! External BIAS requires constant voltage. Before applying the voltage,
2.
make sure that you have set the constant voltage mode in the supplying instrument. Refer to the user manual of the power supply.
Set the output voltage of the supplying instrument to constant voltage mode.
3. On the R&S LCX, select the capacitance measurement with the [C] key.
4. Configure the test signal.
5. To select the parameters for measurement results display:
a) Select the measurement pair softkey in the upper left corner, to open the selec-
tion editor.
b) Select the parameters "Cp-Rp" (parallel capacitance, parallel resistance).
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Configuring BIAS
c) Confirm you selection.
d) Repeat the steps to select the second parameters, e.g. select "Cp-D" (parallel
capacitance, dissipation factor).
6. To set the voltage bias value:
a) Press the [Bias Level] key.
b) Enter a voltage value using the keypad on the screen.
7.
Confirm with
8. To select the external voltage bias:
a) Press the [settings] key.
b) Select the "Measurement" tab.
c)
Activate "External Voltage Bias" with
9. Press the [home] key to return to the measurement window.
10. Set up the measurement of the capacitance as described, e.g. in "Measuring a
capacitor" on page 63.
.
.
11. To activate the voltage bias, press the [Bias Enable] key.
The lighting [Bias Enable] key indicates that bias is active.
6.3.3 Current bias
Option: R&S LCX-K108
When measuring inductances, it is often necessary to superimpose a current bias on
the test signal. You can set an internal current bias from 0 mA to 200 mA (DC), with a
resolution of 1 mA. An external current bias is not supported.
Discharging a current bias before power off
NOTICE! Risk of instrument damage caused by overvoltage. When you power off
1.
the instrument with the mains power switch, make sure that the bias current is fully
discharged.
When activated, deactivate the bias by pressing [Bias Enable] key.
A progress bar indicates that the discharging process is running.
2. Wait until the process has finished.
Setting a current bias
To bias an inductive component sample:
1. To select the inductance measurement (DUT component type), press the [L] key.
2. Configure the test signal.
3. To select the parameters for measurement results display:
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Configuring BIAS
a) Select the measurement pair softkey in the upper left corner, to open the selec-
tion editor.
b) Select the parameters "Lp-Rp" (parallel inductance, parallel resistance).
c) Confirm your selection.
d) Repeat the steps to select the second parameters, e.g. select "Lp-Q" (parallel
inductance, quality factor).
4. To set the current bias value:
a) Press the [Bias Level] key.
b) Enter a current value using the keypad on the screen.
5.
Confirm with
6. Set up the measurement of the inductance as described, e.g. in "Measuring an
inductor" on page 64.
7. To activate the current bias, press the [Bias Enable] key.
The lighting [Bias Enable] key indicates that bias is active.
.
Deactivating current bias
To turn off current bias:
1. Press the [Bias Enable] key.
The unlit [Bias Enable] key indicates that current bias is deactivated.
The R&S LCX starts the discharging process.
NOTICE! To avoid electrical shock caused by residual current after measuring an
2.
inductance with current bias, it is necessary to discharge the inductor.
Make sure that you have unloaded the component sample before removing it from
the test fixture.
Wait for the inductor or coil to discharge before disconnecting.
3. Remove the component sample.
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7 Performing measurements
Performing measurements
Using the R&S LCX and the corresponding test fixture, you can measure various component types. The following description explains how to proceed for measuring the typical components and what to consider.
Prerequisite of each measurement is the correction of the measurement setup to compensate stray capacities, residual inductances and residual resistances of test fixtures,
leads and terminals. Therefore, the first steps are the open and short circuit correction,
to minimize the measurement errors.
We assume that you have set up your measurement and aligned the instrument as
described, e.g. in "Basic measurement steps" on page 32, including the example for
measuring a resistor.
If there are specific steps to consider for measurements of certain components, we
explicitly point them out in the corresponding descriptions.
Measuring a capacitor
This example refers to a measurement of a capacitor of 1000 µF, by using the Kelvin
clip lead (R&S LCX-Z2). To measure this component sample, a DC voltage bias is necessary.
1. To select the capacitance measurement (DUT component type), press the [C] key.
2. Set the measurement frequency of the test signal, e.g., 1 kHz.
3. To select the parameters for measurement results display:
a) Select the measurement pair softkey in the upper left corner, to open the selec-
tion editor.
b) Select the parameters "Cp-D" (parallel capacitance, dissipation factor).
c) Repeat the steps to select the second parameters, e.g. select "Cp-Rp" (parallel
capacitance, parallel resistance).
Note: In automatic mode, the LCX selects the "C-D" parameter automatically.
4. Set the bias voltage according to the measurement requirements, see Chapter 6.3,
"Configuring BIAS", on page 59.
5. Connect the sample capacitor to the terminals of the test fixture:
a) Connect the black terminal to the negative (-) terminal of the capacitor.
b) Accordingly, connect the positive (+) terminal.
The measurement starts and you can see the readings on the screen.
As the preselected frequency of 1 kHz does not match to the intended working
point of the capacitor, the measurement result shows approximately only "Cp ≈
900 µF".
6. To achieve the expected result, set the frequency to 50 Hz.
The expected value is approximately 1000 µF ± tolerance. The dissipation factor
"D" is low, even close to 0, and the phase angle is ≈ -87°.
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Decreasing the frequency reduces the loss angle, and thus the real components
come closer to the ideal value.
Measuring an inductor
This example refers to a measurement of an inductor of 280 µH on a printed circuit
board, by using the miniature SMD tweezers (R&S LCX-Z4).
1. To select the inductance measurement (DUT component type), press the [L] key.
2. Set the measurement frequency of the test signal, e.g., 500 kHz.
3. To select the parameters for measurement results display:
a) Select the measurement pair softkey in the upper left corner, to open the selec-
tion editor.
b) Select the parameters "Ls-Q" (serial inductance, quality factor).
c) Repeat the steps to select the second parameters, e.g. select "Z-Θ" (impe-
dance, phase angle).
4. Carefully contact the miniature tweezers of the test fixture to the sample inductor
on the circuit board.
5. Hold the tweezers closed during measurement.
The measurement starts and you can see the readings on the screen.
The expected result is approximately "Ls ≈ 280 µH" ± tolerance. The phase angle
"Z-Θ"≈ +70°.
Measuring the inductance of a transformer
This example refers to a measurement of a transformer with the test fixture (R&S LCXZ5).
A transformer measurement often leads to varying measurement results due to iron
core losses and to the unknown state of the premagnetized core. The sample component depends on both, the frequency and the measurement voltage. Varying the frequency causes changes in magnetization and iron core losses, which impact the phase
angle, and an increasing measurement voltage leads to higher impedance.
To measure the inductance:
1. To select the transformer measurement (DUT component type), press the
[Transformer] key.
2. To select the parameters for measurement results display:
a) Select the measurement pair softkey in the upper left corner, to open the selec-
tion editor.
b) Select the parameters "N-Θd" (transformer ratio, phase angle).
c) Repeat the steps to select the second parameters, e.g. select "M-Θd" (induc-
tance, phase angle).
3. To measure the parameters of a transformer coil:
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Performing measurements
H CUR
H POT
L POT
L CUR
Figure 7-1: Primary inductance measurement
secondaryprimary
open
a) Connect the test leads of the corresponding circuit to one circuit of the sample
transformer.
b) Leave the second circuit of the transformer open.
This measurement on the transformer, also considered as "open" measurement,
corresponds to the measurement of a single coil, and the R&S LCX displays the
parameters accordingly.
Measuring the mutual inductance of a transformer
This example refers to a measurement of a transformer with the test fixture (R&S LCXZ5).
To measure the mutual inductance, you can proceed the same way as for the inductance measurement by connecting the second transformer winding.
1. To select the transformer measurement (DUT component type), press the
[Transformer] key.
2. To select the parameters for measurement results display:
a) Select the measurement pair softkey in the upper left corner, to open the selec-
tion editor.
b) Select the parameters "N-Θd" (transformer ratio, phase angle).
c) Repeat the steps to select the second parameters, e.g. select "M-Θd" (induc-
tance, phase angle).
3. To measure the parameters of a transformer circuit:
a) Connect the test leads of the corresponding circuit to the primary circuit of the
sample transformer.
b) Connect the second test leads pair to the secondary circuit of the sample trans-
former.
The measurement starts and you can see the readings on the screen.
The R&S LCX calculates a virtual impedance (complex parameters):
Figure 7-2: Virtual impedance
Z = virtual impedance
Vs= voltage in secondary circuit
Ip= current in primary circuit
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To determine the mutual inductance, the R&S LCX calculates the parameters
based on:
Vs= voltage in secondary circuit
Rs= resistance of secondary circuit
Is= current in secondary circuit
Ip= current in primary circuit
Ls= inductance of secondary circuit
M = mutual inductance
Hence, if you have no current in the secondary circuit (Is = 0):
You can derive the mutual inductance, which can also be negative:
Measuring the leakage inductance of a transformer
This example refers to a measurement of a transformer with the test fixture (R&S LCXZ5). You can also use only the included standard cables for inductance measurements
without the test adapter.
To measure the leakage inductance, the short circuit measurement principle as used
for a conventional inductance is suitable:
1. To select the transformer measurement (DUT component type), press the
[Transformer] key.
2. To select the parameters for measurement results display:
a) Select the measurement pair softkey in the upper left corner, to open the selec-
tion editor.
b) Select "M-Θd" (inductance, phase angle).
3. Short-circuit the secondary winding of the sample transformer.
H CUR
H POT
L POT
L CUR
Figure 7-3: Leakage inductance measurement
secondaryprimary
short
The measured values of the primary circuit correspond to the leakage inductance.
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8 Instrument functions
8.1 Measurement mode
Instrument functions
Measurement mode
The R&S LCX LCR meter two measurement modes:
●
Continuous
The instrument restarts the measurement automatically after a measurement cycle
has been completed.
Using this mode enables you to collect a series of measured values, e.g. to determine value deviations of the component sample, or to determine tolerance ranges.
●
Triggered
The instrument starts a measurement cycle controlled by a trigger signal.
To initiate a trigger signal manually, you can use the [Trig.] key at the front panel, or
send the remote control command *TRG on page 175.
Alternatively, you can apply an external signal at the Trigger Input connector to trigger the measurement.
The instrument starts one measurement cycle controlled by a manual trigger signal. To initiate a trigger signal, you can use the [Trig.] key at the front panel, or
send the remote control command *TRG on page 175.
Using the manual trigger mode, you can e.g., measure a sample component at a
series of defined working points, by switching to the working points between the
measurements.
Combined with the logging function, you can record the readings and export them for
subsequent evaluation, see Chapter 8.8.3, "Logging", on page 94.
8.1.1 Measurement mode settings
Access:
1. Press the [Meas. Mode] key at the front panel.
If the key lights up, the R&S LCX switches to manual trigger mode and displays the
recently measured results.
2. Pressing the [Meas. Mode] key again switches back to continuous measurement.
The R&S LCX displays the readings continuously and turns off the key.
How to: see Chapter 8.1.2, "Working with the measurement modes", on page 68
Measurement mode...................................................................................................... 67
Trigger source...............................................................................................................68
Measurement mode
Selects either continuous or triggered measurement mode.
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Measurement mode
Remote command:
MEASure:MODE on page 207
Trigger source
Selects the signal source that initiates the measurement in manual mode.
Continuous
Manual
Remote command:
*TRG on page 175
Starts the measurement and continues after a completed measurement cycle automatically.
Starts the measurement on pressing the [Trig.] at the front panel.
After one measurement cycle, the measurement stops and waits for
the next manual trigger event.
External
Starts the measurement initiated by an external trigger signal.
The falling edge of the signal triggers the measurement at the TTL
level of +5 V. Further signals received at the trigger input during a
measurement cycle take no effect until the current cycle is completed.
After one measurement cycle, the measurement stops and waits for
the next trigger signal.
To apply the external signal, connect the signal source to the Trigger
Input at the rear panel.
8.1.2 Working with the measurement modes
Using the continuous measurement mode
To measure a component sample in the default continuous measurement mode:
1. If the [Meas. Mode] key at the front panel lights up, press it to switch to continuous
mode.
The R&S LCX measures continuously with updates according to selected measurement speed, see "Measurement Speed" on page 76.
2. Press the [Hold] key to keep the range setting constant.
The [Hold] key lights up. You can use the function, e.g. to measure a batch of the
same components.
3. To reactivate automatic range selection, press the [Hold] key again.
The key no longer lights up.
Using the manual trigger mode
This example describes the steps to be taken, for measuring a component sample at a
series of working points, triggered manually:
1. Press the [Meas. Mode] key at the front panel.
The key lights up. The R&S LCX stops a continuous measurement and waits for a
trigger event.
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8.2 Display mode
Instrument functions
Display mode
2. Press the [Trig.] key at the front panel, to start the measurement (Remote command: *TRG on page 175).
The R&S LCX executes one measurement cycle. When completed, it is waiting for
the next trigger signal.
3. Optionally, configure the next working point.
4. Repeat step step 2 to step 3 until you have executed the measurement at all working points.
The R&S LCX indicates the measurement results numerically and graphically.
Based on the measured values, the instrument calculates and derives the non-measurable parameters for display.
8.2.1 Display mode settings
Access:
1. To select the measurement result display, press the [home] key at the front panel.
The numeric display shows the readings of four-measurement pairs by default.
Figure 8-1: Four measurement pairs display
2. Press the [Display Mode] key.
3. Pressing the key repeatedly, toggles between this view, the view with one measurement pair and the graphical view.
Note: You can also access the graphical display in the "Functions" tab, see Chap-
ter 8.8, "Specific instrument functions", on page 85.
The results display shows the measurement results of the currently selected
parameters. The softkeys enable you to select the parameters for display according to your measurement.
The required remote commands are described in: Chapter 11.10, "FUNCtion sub-
system", on page 194
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Measurement functions
How to: see Chapter 8.2.2, "Configuring the main view", on page 70.
<measurement pair>.....................................................................................................70
<measurement accuracy>.............................................................................................70
<measurement pair>
Selects the measurement parameters.
Depending on the type of component sample, the R&S LCX adjusts the list of parame-
ters automatically.
Remote command:
FUNCtion:IMPedance[:TYPE] on page 197
<measurement accuracy>
The test signal monitor indicates accuracy of the recent measurement.
Remote command:
MEASure:ACCuracy? on page 207
8.2.2 Configuring the main view
Selecting the parameters for display
To select the measurement parameters in the numeric view:
1. At the front panel, press the [home] key.
2. Select the parameter pair softkey in the upper left corner of the screen, to open the
selection editor.
3. Select the corresponding measurement pair.
4. Confirm the selection.
5. Select the second measurement pair accordingly.
8.3 Measurement functions
The hardkeys provided in the function panel at the front select the measurement component type.
Functions [hardkeys].....................................................................................................70
Functions [hardkeys]
Selects the type of component sample to be measured.
Remote command:
FUNCtion:MEASurement:TYPE on page 198
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8.4 Test signal functions
8.4.1 Test signal settings
Instrument functions
Test signal functions
In this context referred to as test signal parameters, these parameters consider all settings the test signal is composed of. As the core parameters of a measurement, the
R&S LCX provides the access to these settings directly on the screen, and the settings
and function keys.
With the "Settings" functions, you can define the main characteristics of the test signal.
Access:
1. For accessing the core parameters frequency, level, impedance range and bias,
you have the following options:
● Select the softkey of the corresponding parameter on the screen, e.g. "Fre-
quency:".
● Press the hardkey of the corresponding parameter at the front panel, e.g.,
[Freq.].
On-screen keypads open providing the corresponding entry fields for setting the
value and the unit of the selected parameter.
2. Enter the value and unit accordingly.
3.
Confirm with
The required remote commands are described in:
● Chapter 11.4, "Test signal commands", on page 175
● Chapter 11.10, "FUNCtion subsystem", on page 194
● Chapter 11.5, "BIAS subsystem", on page 178
Frequency: / [Freq.].......................................................................................................71
Level: / [Level]...............................................................................................................71
Range: / [Range]...........................................................................................................72
Current Bias: / [Bias Level]............................................................................................72
Voltage Bias: / [Bias Level]............................................................................................72
[Comp.]..........................................................................................................................72
[Bias Enable].................................................................................................................72
Frequency: / [Freq.]
Sets the test signal frequency.
Remote command:
FREQuency[:CW] on page 177
.
Level: / [Level]
Sets level of the AC test signal.
To select the parameter for the level setting, see "Test Signal Type" on page 76.
See "About measurement parameters" on page 73.
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Instrument functions
Measurement control functions
"Voltage Level"
"Current Level"
Remote command:
VOLTage[:LEVel] on page 177
CURRent[:LEVel] on page 177
Range: / [Range]
Selects the measurement range.
Remote command:
FUNCtion:IMPedance:RANGe:AUTO on page 196
FUNCtion:IMPedance:RANGe[:VALue] on page 196
Current Bias: / [Bias Level]
Sets the internal the current preload.
Remote command:
BIAS:CURRent[:LEVel] on page 178
Voltage Bias: / [Bias Level]
Sets the value of the internal voltage preload.
Remote command:
BIAS:VOLTage[:LEVel] on page 179
Sets the signal voltage.
Sets the signal current.
[Comp.]
Accesses the "Open/Short/Load Correction" dialog, see Chapter 8.6.1, "Measurement
parameter settings", on page 75.
[Bias Enable]
Activates the internal voltage or current bias.
Remote command:
BIAS:STATe on page 179
8.5 Measurement control functions
With the measurement control hardkeys at the front panel, you can control a running
measurement.
Access:
► Press the corresponding key ([Auto], [Hold] or [Trig.]) at the front panel.
Repeated pressing a key turns the function on and off (toggle).
The required remote commands are described in Chapter 11.10, "FUNCtion subsys-
tem", on page 194.
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Measurement parameters
[Auto].............................................................................................................................73
[Hold].............................................................................................................................73
[Trig.].............................................................................................................................73
[Auto]
Selects the impedance range automatically, according to the connected sample component.
Note: If you have fixed the impedance range with [Hold] > ON, automatic selection is
blocked.
Remote command:
FUNCtion:IMPedance:RANGe:AUTO on page 196
[Hold]
Freezes the currently set range.
When activated, the R&S LCX displays the prefix "Hold:" at the range value.
Remote command:
FUNCtion:IMPedance:RANGe:HOLD on page 196
[Trig.]
Triggers one measurement cycle manually.
Remote command:
*TRG on page 175
8.6 Measurement parameters
The settings described in this section refer to parameters that you can configure for
your specific measurement in addition to the test signal, measurement mode, or measurement functions.
About measurement parameters
Aspects on the measurement parameters:
●
Measurement speed
The measurement speed defines the number of measurements in one second
when triggered continuously.
Impact of measurement speed and accuracy:
The measurement accuracy decreases with increasing speed, i.e. the higher the
number of measurements per second you perform, the lower the measurement
accuracy you can expect.
At low test signal frequencies, the R&S LCX reduces the measurement speed
automatically.
See "Measurement Speed" on page 76.
●
Cable length
Any cable covers inductive and capacitive parts, which depend in particular on the
cable length. As these characteristics are considered as parasitics, they distort a
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Measurement parameters
measurement result. The cable length correction compensates these parasitic
transmission characteristics.
As a rule, make sure to keep the connection between the R&S LCX and the component under test as short as possible, even more, the length must not exceed
1 m.
When using test fixtures with cables, the cable length correction function reduces
the impact of cable losses to a minimum, and thus compensates the parasitic
transmission characteristics. See "Cable Length" on page 76 for the corresponding setting.
●
Test signal type
The R&S LCX provides either the signal voltage or the signal current for setting the
test signal level, see "Test Signal Type" on page 76. If the signal current is
defined, the set value corresponds to the maximum current that flows when shortcircuited.
●
External voltage bias
See "Voltage Bias" on page 76.
●
Source impedance
By default, the R&S LCX measures with an output impedance of 100 Ω over the
entire measurement range, i.e. with low source impedance ("Low Z"). For certain
applications, e.g., the measurement of low-impedance components, you can set
the output impedance to 10 Ω ("High Z").
See "Source Impedance" on page 76.
●
Open/Short/Load correction
The numerous types of passive components with a wide variety of shapes require
suitable test fixtures, which in turn are equipped with or without test leads, clips or
probes, etc. As a result, measurement errors due to the test setup and used equipment can occur. In particular, residual impedance, admittance, stray capacities or
environmental factors can impact the measurement.
Using the open/Short/Load correction technique, the R&S LCX compensates such
impacts.
The open/short correction, e.g. offsets residuals of test fixtures. For complex errors,
you can use the load correction function, which refers to a reference component,
e.g., a reference resistor. We recommend that you execute Open/Short and Load
correction when the measurement setup covers cable lengths other than standard
cables, user-specific test fixtures or additional passive circuits or components, etc.
●
Auto function
The R&S LCX determines the component type of the DUT automatically, based on
the measured impedance and phase angle. The auto function allows you to set the
threshold values for the phase angle and the serial or parallel separation point.
The measurement principle distinguishes between pure and mixed measurement
pairs, i.e. measurement pairs with only real values (Rs-X,...), and measurement
pairs with additional imaginary components (LS-R).
Figure 5-1 under Measurement basics illustrates the relations.
See "Auto Function" on page 77.
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8.6.1 Measurement parameter settings
Instrument functions
Measurement parameters
The "Measurement" parameters define additional settings that relate, e.g., to the measurement conditions.
Access:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
2. Select the "Measurement" tab.
Figure 8-2: Measurement settings dialog
The dialog enables you to configure, measurement conditions, e.g. cable length
from the connected test fixture, external bias of impedance measurement range.
The required remote commands are described in:
● Chapter 11.5, "BIAS subsystem", on page 178
● Chapter 11.6, "CORRection subsystem", on page 180
● Chapter 11.10, "FUNCtion subsystem", on page 194
How to: see Chapter 8.6, "Measurement parameters", on page 73
Measurement Speed.....................................................................................................76
Cable Length.................................................................................................................76
Test Signal Type............................................................................................................76
Voltage Bias..................................................................................................................76
Source Impedance........................................................................................................76
Trigger Delay.................................................................................................................77
Open/Short/Load Correction......................................................................................... 77
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Auto Function................................................................................................................77
└ Purity Angle.....................................................................................................77
└ Serial/Paralell Separation Point......................................................................77
Measurement Speed
Selects the speed of the measurement repetitions per second.
Using this speed parameter requires that you have set continuous triggering, see
Chapter 8.1.1, "Measurement mode settings", on page 67.
"Fast: ≤15 ms"
Number of measurements: ≈ 15 / s.
"Medium: ≤100 ms"
Number of measurements: ≈ 10 / s.
"Slow: ≤500 ms"
Number of measurements: ≈1.5 / s.
Remote command:
APERture on page 176
Cable Length
Selects the length of the leads to the connected test fixture, i.e. to the DUT.
When connected to a test fixture with leads, the R&S LCX considers the cable losses.
If you have the test fixture connected to the BNC measurement connectors directly,
select 0 m, as there are no cable losses to be compensated. For test adapters with
leads, set the parameter to 1 m accordingly.
Remote command:
CORRection:LENGth on page 182
Test Signal Type
Selects the parameter for the setting the level of the test signal level.
The setting parameter for the test signal level on the measurement window varies
according to the selection, see "Level: / [Level]" on page 71.
"Voltage"
"Current"
Remote command:
CORRection:LENGth on page 182
Voltage Bias
Activates the use of an external voltage bias, if supplied.
Note: Make sure that the external DC voltage source supplies a constant voltage bias
to avoid distortion of the measurement results due to interference.
To set the value, see Chapter 6.3.2, "External voltage bias", on page 60.
Remote command:
BIAS:STATe on page 179
Enables you to set the signal level in volt.
Enables you to specify the signal current.
Source Impedance
Selects the output impedance for the measurement.
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"Low Z 10 Ω"
"High Z 100 Ω"
Measures with 10 Ω output impedance.
Measures with 100 Ω output impedance.
(default)
Remote command:
FUNCtion:IMPedance:SOURce on page 197
Trigger Delay
Sets the delay between the trigger event and the actual start of the measurement.
Remote command:
MEASure:TRIGger:DELay on page 208
Open/Short/Load Correction
Accesses the dialog for activating the correction functions, see Chapter 8.6.2, "Open/
short/load correction settings", on page 78.
Auto Function
Opens the dialog for configuring the auto function parameters.
During the measurement, the auto function refers to the purity angle that is set in the
instrument, and the measured value. Concerning the separation point, the function
determines the equivalent circuit based on the estimated absolute value of Z.
See also:
●
About measurement parameters > Auto function
●
Measurement basics > Figure 5-1
Purity Angle ← Auto Function
Sets the switching point of the phase angle.
Based on the set purity angle referred to as A, and the measured angle M, the auto
function assumes the following components:
Angle Component
-A ≤ M ≤ A pure resistance
90°-A ≤ M ≤ 90° pure inductance
A-90° ≤ M ≤ -90° pure capacitance
A < M < 90° resistance and inductance
-A < M < -90° resistance and capacitance
Serial/Paralell Separation Point ← Auto Function
Sets the threshold for the function to switch from serial to parallel impedance measurement, according to the equivalent circuit.
Based on the set separation point S, and the measured impedance Z, the auto function
assumes the following equivalent circuits:
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8.6.2 Open/short/load correction settings
Instrument functions
Measurement parameters
Impedance Equivalent circuit
0 ≤ Z ≤ S serial measurement
S < Z < range parallel measurement
The correction dialog enables you to activate and execute the correction techniques
provided by the instrument.
Depending on the connected test fixture and the type of component sample to be measured, refer to the description on how to execute the corresponding corrections, see
Chapter 6.1, "About test fixtures", on page 52.
Access:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
2. Select the "Measurement" tab.
3. Select "Open/Short/Load Correction".
Figure 8-3: Open/Short/Load correction dialog
In this menu, you can activate the corresponding corrections directly, and access
the subdialogs to configure and execute the corrections.
The required remote commands are described in: Chapter 11.6, "CORRection sub-
system", on page 180
How to: see Chapter 8.6.3, "Setting measurement parameters", on page 80.
If you need to perform the open and short correction frequently, you can assign these
functions to the [★ (User)] key and execute them with just one keystroke, see Chap-
ter 9.3, "User button", on page 118.
Settings
Open/Short/Load Correction Enabled...........................................................................79
Start Short/Open Correction (Spot)...............................................................................79
Start Short/Open Correction (Full)................................................................................ 79
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Start Load Correction (Spot)......................................................................................... 80
Reference Load R.........................................................................................................80
Reference Load X......................................................................................................... 80
Open/Short/Load Correction Enabled
Enables the corresponding correction function.
To start a correction process, select the corresponding Start Short/Open Correction
(Full) or Start Short/Open Correction (Spot) entry of the respective correction.
Remote command:
CORRection:SHORt:STATe on page 184
CORRection:OPEN:STATe on page 183
CORRection:LOAD:STATe on page 183
Start Short/Open Correction (Spot)
Figure 8-4: Start correction at one working point by the example of the short correction dialog
Executes the correction at a defined working point.
The function requires that you have activated the state, see "Open/Short/Load Correc-
tion Enabled" on page 79, and set the test fixture to open, or short accordingly.
How to: see "Aligning the instrument on a dedicated working point" on page 81
Remote command:
CORRection:SPOT<Spot>:OPEN[:EXECute] on page 182
CORRection:SPOT<Spot>:SHORt[:EXECute] on page 185
Start Short/Open Correction (Full)
Figure 8-5: Start correction on all frequencies by the example of the open correction dialog
Executes the corresponding correction over the entire measurement range.
The function requires that you have activated the state, see "Open/Short/Load Correc-
tion Enabled" on page 79, and set the test fixture to open, or short accordingly.
How to: see "Aligning the instrument on all frequencies" on page 81
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Remote command:
CORRection:OPEN[:EXECute] on page 184
CORRection:SHORt[:EXECute] on page 184
Start Load Correction (Spot)
Figure 8-6: Start load correction at one working point with specified reference value
Executes the load correction at a defined working point.
The function requires that you have activated the state, see "Open/Short/Load Correc-
tion Enabled" on page 79 and specified the real resistance and the complex reactance
of the reference component. The R&S LCX, prompts you to connect the specified load.
How to: see "Aligning the instrument using load correction" on page 82.
Remote command:
CORRection:SPOT<Spot>:LOAD[:EXECute] on page 185
Reference Load R
Sets the resistance value as refence for the load correction.
Reference Load X
Sets the impedance value as refence for the load correction.
8.6.3 Setting measurement parameters
The following procedures provide a brief overview of the steps required to perform the
corrections. They point out special features, such as load correction.
Previous steps
We assume that you have prepared the measurement as follows:
1. You have set up and turned on the R&S LCX, see Chapter 4.1, "Preparing for use",
on page 16.
2. You have set the R&S LCX to an initial state, see "Setting the initial state"
on page 32.
3. You have connected the test fixture, see Chapter 4.1.9, "Connecting a test fixture",
on page 23.
Tip: For information on how to handle the connection pins of the individual test fixtures during correction, see Chapter 6.1, "About test fixtures", on page 52.
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Aligning the instrument on all frequencies
To perform a full correction:
1. Set up the test signal, see "Setting up the test signal" on page 33.
2. If you are using the BNC-to-BNC extension (option R&S LCX-Z11), consider the
cable length:
a) Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
b) Select the "Measurement" tab.
c) Set "Cable Length" to "1 m".
3. For further steps on how to execute the open and the short correction, see "Align-
ing the instrument on all frequencies" on page 34
Aligning the instrument on a dedicated working point
To perform a spot correction:
1. To set the working point:
a) Press the [Freq.] key at the front.
b) Enter the test signal frequency, e.g. 10 kHz using the keypad on the screen.
c)
Confirm you setting
d) Press the [Level] key.
e) Enter the level, e.g. 1.3 VRMS.
f)
Confirm the setting .
g) Press the [Range] key.
h) Select the expected impedance, e.g. 3 kΩ.
2. Press the [Comp.] key at the front panel.
The "Open/Short/Load Correction" dialog opens.
3. Perform an open spot correction, in this example described for the axial/radial lead
type test fixture (R&S LCX-Z1):
a) Select "Open Correction".
b)
Turn
c) Select "Start Open Correction (Spot)".
The R&S LCX displays a message that prompts you to open the terminals.
d) If you have inserted any component, remove it from the slots of the test fixture.
Note: If you are using another test fixture, take care that you set the required
position. For example, Kelvin clamps require the same position as expected for
the measurement, or the spacing between SMD pins must correspond to the
size of the measurement sample.
e) Confirm the message with "Yes".
The R&S LCX displays a progress message until the correction is completed.
The open spot correction takes only a few seconds.
"Enabled".
.
The short correction takes about 2 minutes.
4. Perform a short spot correction:
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a) Select "Short Correction".
b)
Turn "Enabled".
c) Select "Start Short Correction (Spot)".
The R&S LCX displays a message that prompts you to short-circuit the terminals.
d) Short-circuit the contacts, i.e. insert the supplied short circuit plate into the slots
of the test fixture.
e) Confirm the message with "Yes".
The R&S LCX displays a progress message until the correction is completed.
The short spot correction takes only a few seconds.
Aligning the instrument using load correction
For executing load correction, the R&S LCX requires a reference value of any component to derive the results of the following measurements.
The component can be a resistor or a capacitor with known impedance. I.e. a component that is similar in value and shape to the samples you want to measure, or one of
the series of samples used as default (standard) value.
Prerequisite is also, that you execute the open and short correction before.
1. Execute the short and open spot corrections, as described in "Aligning the instru-
ment on a dedicated working point" on page 81.
2. Select "Load Correction".
3. Set the resistance, and, the reactance values of the reference component, e.g.:
a) Set "Reference Load R" = 10
b) Set "Reference Load X" = 0
4. Perform a load spot correction:
a) Select "Load Correction".
b)
Turn "Enabled".
c) Connect the reference component.
d) Select "Start Load Correction (Spot)".
8.7 Configuration preset
The configuration preset function enables you to assign up to three measurement configurations as favorites to the preset keys. By selecting a favorite, the R&S LCX
changes all predefined parameter settings at once, and thus provides to switch quickly
between different measurement settings and conditions.
kΩ
Ω
About configuration preset
Aspects on the functionality:
●
Included parameters
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Configuration preset
The configuration preset comprises almost all parameters relevant for a measurement:
– Test signal: frequency and level
– Measurement function: L/C/R/Transformer
– Measurement speed
– Cable length
– DC voltage and low current states
– Open/Short/Load correction states
The configuration preset excludes measurement range, value and bias settings.
●
Indication and selection of a configuration presets
One of the three presets is always active, while the other two are inactive, as
shown on the screen:
– Indication
The
ration preset.
The different colors of each preset emphasize the display.
– Selection
The (preset configuration) softkeys on the screen enable you to activate a
preset directly.
The R&S LCX provides always the two selectable, i.e. the currently inactive
preset softkeys. When you switch to another configuration preset, it adjusts the
labels of the keys and the indicator according to the selection.
When switching to another preset or changing setting parameters, consider
that it can last up to 10 seconds to be sure that all settings are saved.
●
Persistency of configuration presets
The R&S LCX saves a configuration in the selected, i.e. active configuration preset. It saves the settings on the internal filesystem, which is not accessible. After
power off, the instrument reboots with the recently active configuration preset.
●
Saving options
The settings of the active configuration preset are also included in the "Save/
Recall" function and saved in the *.rds file. When you recall a settings file, the
R&S LCX restores the configuration preset from the file to the same memory slot
("Preset 1, 2 or 3") it was created on. It is not possible to assign it to another slot.
(configuration preset) indicator displays the currently active configu-
8.7.1 Configuration preset settings
Access:
► Press the [home] key at the front panel.
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Configuration preset
1
2
Figure 8-7: Configuration preset indication
1 = Configuration preset indicator
2 = Settings softkey and configuration preset softkeys
The configuration preset softkeys enable you to assign up to three different measurement configurations for quick access.
How to: see Chapter 8.7.2, "Using the configuration preset function", on page 84
Preset 1, Preset 2, Preset 3..................................................................................84
1, 2, 3.................................................................................................................84
(measurement settings).............................................................................................84
Preset 1, Preset 2, Preset 3
Indicates the active configuration preset.
1, 2, 3
Selects one out of three configuration preset memory slots.
(measurement settings)
Accesses a dialog for configuring the parameters that are relevant for the measurement.
See Chapter 8.6, "Measurement parameters", on page 73.
8.7.2 Using the configuration preset function
You can assign up to three configurations relevant for a measurement as favorites, to
skip quickly between different settings, or to repeat tests with the same settings.
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Creating user defined configuration presets
To create and save a configuration preset:
1.
Select the configuration preset memory slot, e.g. .
2.
Select to open the parameter settings dialog.
3. Set the corresponding parameters.
4. Press the home to return to the measurement window.
5.
To preset additional configurations, select another configuration preset slot, e.g.
or .
6. Repeat step 2 to step 5) until you have assigned all preset configurations.
Switching the configuration during a measurement
We assume, that you have setup measurement and a DUT applied.
To execute a measurement with changing configuration:
1. Select the measurement function required for the measurement.
2. Set the test signal parameters.
3. Select the measurement parameters for results display.
4. Assign the configuration presets as described in "Creating user defined configura-
tion presets" on page 85.
5.
Start the measurement, e.g. using configuration preset
6.
Select, e.g. to continue the measurement with different settings.
While the measurement is running, you can switch between the preset configurations arbitrarily.
8.8 Specific instrument functions
Specific instrument functions describes the features the instrument provides apart from
the basic measurement functions. Some specific functions require that the corresponding options are installed.
Access:
.
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
2. Select the "Functions" tab.
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Figure 8-8: Functions menu
3. Select the corresponding function in the list.
● Live chart viewer..................................................................................................... 86
● Logging chart viewer...............................................................................................89
● Logging................................................................................................................... 94
● Dynamic impedance measurement.........................................................................98
● Binning.................................................................................................................. 102
8.8.1 Live chart viewer
The live chart view enables you to evaluate and validate the current measurement
graphically.
Access:
You have two options, to open the live chart view:
1. Open from the functions tab:
a) Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
b) In the "Functions" tab, select "Live Chart".
2. Open with the display mode key:
a) At the front panel, press the [Display Mode] key repeatedly until the graphical
display appears.
Figure 8-9: Live chart view
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8.8.1.1 Live chart settings
Instrument functions
Specific instrument functions
The graphical results display shows the traces of the measurement results for the
selected parameters. The softkeys enable you to select the parameters for display
according to your measurement.
How to: see Chapter 8.8.1.2, "Displaying the readings in the live chart", on page 88
In the live chart view, you can select the parameters for display and configure the
traces.
Access:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
2. In the "Functions" tab, select "Live Chart".
1
8
7
6
5
Figure 8-10: Live chart controls
1 = Time base
2 = Parameter pair softkeys
3 = Return softkey
4 = Reset softkey
5 = Min/Max readings of Θ
6 = Phase angle Θr measurement trace
7 = Impedance Z measurement trace
8 = Min/Max readings of Z
r
The chart window shows the traces of the measured parameters, which you can
select and configure with the softkeys on the right.
How to: see Chapter 8.8.1.2, "Displaying the readings in the live chart", on page 88
2
3
4
TB..................................................................................................................................88
<measurement parameter>...........................................................................................88
Back.............................................................................................................................. 88
Clear..............................................................................................................................88
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8.8.1.2 Displaying the readings in the live chart
Instrument functions
Specific instrument functions
TB
Indicates the time scaling of the x-axis in the chart.
<measurement parameter>
Indicates the selected measurement parameter with the specified unit per division.
Back
Returns to the "Functions" tab.
Clear
Resets the chart and restarts graphical display of the measurement.
Displaying the results graphically
To display the measurement progress and the readings in the graphic view:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
2. In the "Functions" tab, select "Live Chart".
Figure 8-11: Graphic view
3. To configure a parameter for display:
a) Select a parameter softkey on the right of the screen.
The "Configure Chart Trace <n>" dialog opens.
Figure 8-12: Configure live chart dialog
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b) In the "Data Source" list, select the parameter, e.g. "Impedance (Z)".
c) Select a color for the parameter trace.
d) To show the minimum and maximum readings of the selected parameter, turn
"Show Min/Max".
e)
To show the trace, turn "Enable".
f) Confirm with "Apply".
4. Repeat step 3 to assign additional traces, e.g. to display the readings of the reactance and phase angle.
5. Select "Clear" to restart the trace display.
The graph shows the traces of the measured values for the selected parameters. If
enabled, the chart assigns the measured minimum and maximum readings to the
trace of the parameter and displays the values numerically.
8.8.2
Figure 8-13: Graphical display of a resistance measurement
Logging chart viewer
The logging chart viewer function enables you to display recorded measurement data
graphically and to evaluate and validate the results. You can view a previously recorded measurement loaded from a file.
Access:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
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2. In the "Functions" tab, select "Open Log Chart".
Figure 8-14: Log chart view
The graphical results display shows the traces of the measurement results for the
selected parameters. The softkeys enable you to select the parameters for display
according to your measurement.
Gaps in a trace indicate invalid measurement results.
8.8.2.1 Log chart settings
Access:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
2. In the "Functions" tab, select "Open Log Chart".
The file selection dialog opens to load a previously recorded a data logging file.
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1
6
5
Figure 8-15: Log chart controls
1 = File name of the logging file
2 = Parameter pair softkeys
3 = Reset softkey
4 = Resolution softkey
5 = Capture indicator when touching and dragging within the graph
6 = Traces of the measured parameters
The main window shows the traces of the measured parameters, which you can
select and configure with the softkeys on the right. You can set the resolution and
shift the displayed traces within the graph with touch and drag.
How to: see Chapter 8.8.2.2, "Displaying recordings in the log chart", on page 92
2
3
4
<logging file name>.......................................................................................................91
<measurement parameter>...........................................................................................91
Reset View....................................................................................................................92
- x1 +............................................................................................................................. 92
<touch capture indicator>..............................................................................................92
<traces>........................................................................................................................ 92
<logging file name>
Indicates the file name of the loaded logging file.
Initially, the R&S LCX creates a file name composed of an identifier for a logging file
<log>, a time stamp and a generic number. File format and extension are .csv.
Remote command:
LOG:FNAMe on page 202
<measurement parameter>
Indicates the measurement parameter taken from the log file.
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8.8.2.2 Displaying recordings in the log chart
Instrument functions
Specific instrument functions
Reset View
Resets the graphical display to the initial resolution.
- x1 +
Sets the resolution of the graphical display.
You can increase or decrease the resolution by the predefined multiplication factors
"x1", "x2", "x5", "x10", "x25" or "x50".
"+"
"-"
Increases the resolution stepwise by the given factors.
Decreases the resolution accordingly.
<touch capture indicator>
Indicates the focus with vertical line when touching and dragging on the screen.
<traces>
Shows the results of the measured parameters as interpolated traces.
Customizing the log chart view
To shift the graph, or to adjust the trace colors or the resolution, you have the following
options:
1. If the chart is out of sight or has slipped to an edge:
Figure 8-16: Log chart view
Touch and drag over the diagram to shift the displayed area to the right or to the
left.
A touch capture indicator shows the position visually as long as you touch the
screen.
2. If the traces cover only a small area of the chart, increase the resolution by selecting the "+" of the "- x1 +" softkey.
Vice versa, decrease the resolution with the "-" of the softkey.
Tip: If you change the resolution, the graphic can slip to an edge or move out of
sight again. Shift it back with touch and drag.
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3. To configure a parameter for display:
a) Select a parameter softkey on the right of the display.
The "Configure Chart Trace <n>" dialog opens.
Figure 8-17: Configure chart trace dialog
b) In the "Data Source" list, select the measurement parameter, e.g. "Frequency".
c) Select a color for the parameter trace.
d)
To show the trace, turn "Enable".
e) Confirm with "Apply".
4. Repeat step 3 to assign additional traces.
The R&S LCX displays the customized chart accordingly.
Figure 8-18: Customized log chart
5. To return to the initial view, select "Reset View".
Displaying the logging results in the chart viewer
To configure the logging chart view:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
2. In the "Functions" tab, select "Logging".
3. Select "Open Log Chart".
The R&S LCX opens a file selection dialog and prompts you to select a data logging file.
a) Select a file to display.
b) Confirm your selection with "Select".
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The R&S LCX uploads the data and displays all information on the screen.
Figure 8-19: Log chart result
The labels of the parameter softkeys indicate the measured parameter with the
respective unit per grid in the diagram. The colored bar of each softkey corresponds to the trace color.
8.8.3 Logging
The logging function enables you to record the measurement data. You can save the
readings on the internal memory of the R&S LCX, or on an externally connected memory device, e.g. a USB flash drive. The function saves the data in a .csv file with
generically generated file name.
Aspects on the logging function:
●
The R&S LCX does not support external USB hard drives (or USB extensions).
We recommend that you use USB flash drives with FAT/FAT32 formatting. The
instrument recognizes the USB device automatically.
●
The duration for capturing logging data in the range from 0 s to 3.49*105 s at a
maximum.
●
When running, the instrument indicates a white "LOG" label in the status bar. When
disabled, the label color is gray.
8.8.3.1 Logging settings
In the "Logging" menu, you can configure the main parameter settings for data logging.
With a USB stick connected, you can save the file on either, the USB stick or the internal memory, with "USB1A" as default setting. Without USB connected, the R&S LCX
saves the file internally in the file path /int/logging.
Access:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
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2. In the "Functions" tab, select "Logging".
Figure 8-20: Network settings dialog
The settings dialog contains the basic parameters for setting the logging mode,
and provides access to file management parameters.
The required remote commands are described in Chapter 11.12, "LOG subsystem",
on page 200.
How to: see Chapter 8.8.3.2, "Using the logging function", on page 97.
Enabled.........................................................................................................................95
Save Location............................................................................................................... 95
Target Folder................................................................................................................. 96
Mode............................................................................................................................. 96
Interval.......................................................................................................................... 96
Count.............................................................................................................................97
Duration.........................................................................................................................97
Start Time......................................................................................................................97
└ Set Date & Time..............................................................................................97
Enabled
Activates data acquisition and saving the readings.
Remote command:
LOG[:STATe] on page 204
Save Location
Accesses a dialog where you can select how to determine the location for the file.
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"Auto"
"Manual"
Target Folder
With a USB stick connected, accesses a dialog to select the memory partition where
you want to save the file.
The R&S LCX sets the path and file folder according to the function used to create and
save the data.
Without USB stick, the R&S LCX saves the file on the internal memory automatically.
"USB1A"
"int"
Mode
Selects a logging mode.
When enabled, each mode records data at specified intervals, set with "Interval"
on page 96.
The R&S LCX starts recording depending on the selected mode, and if you enable
data logging, see "Enabled" on page 95.
"Unlimited"
"Count"
"Duration"
"Span"
Remote command:
LOG:MODE on page 203
Selects the target folder automatically.
Enables you to select and define the target folder on the USB stick.
Sets the destination folder on the USB stick.
Sets the destination folder on the internal memory.
Records data continuously.
Data logging starts immediately with Enabled > ON, and continues
until you stop the logging function.
The amount of recorded data is limited by the size of the memory the
data is saved on.
Records a defined number of measurement readings.
To determine the number, see "Count" on page 97.
Data logging starts immediately with Enabled > ON. It stops when the
number of readings is reached.
Records measurement readings within a defined time period.
To set the time period, see "Duration" on page 97.
Data logging starts immediately with Enabled > ON. It stops after the
duration time has elapsed.
Records measurement readings from a certain start time for a defined
time span.
To set the parameter, see "Duration" on page 97
Data recording starts at the start time and with Enabled > ON. It stops
automatically after the duration time has elapsed.
Interval
Sets the time period for data logging.
The measurement interval specifies the time between the recorded measurement val-
ues.
Note: You can set the instrument to log each measurement performed by setting the
interval value to 0 s, regardless of the selected measurement mode.
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Remote command:
LOG:INTerval on page 203
Count
Sets the number of measurement readings for data logging Mode > Count.
Remote command:
LOG:COUNt on page 202
Duration
Sets the time period for data logging Mode > Duration or Mode > Span.
The maximum logging duration is 96 hours.
Remote command:
LOG:DURation on page 202
Start Time
Sets the time for starting data logging in Mode > Span.
At first, you can set the date. When confirmed, the dialog for setting the time opens
automatically.
How to: see "Configuring logging settings" on page 98.
Remote command:
LOG:STIMe on page 204
Set Date & Time ← Start Time
Accesses the "Set Date & Time" function to configure a date and time stamp for the
recorded data in logging Mode > Span.
How to: see "Configuring logging settings" on page 98.
Remote command:
LOG:STIMe on page 204
8.8.3.2 Using the logging function
The logging function enables you, to record the measurement readings. The R&S LCX
stores the data with a generically created file name either on the USB stick or in the
instrument internal memory directory.
Selecting the memory location
To determine the destination for saving the logging data file:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
2. In the "Functions" tab, select "Logging".
3. To determine the memory location, e.g., manually:
a) Select "Save Location".
The R&S LCX opens a selection editor.
b) In the selection editor, select "Manual".
c) Confirm your selection.
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Specific instrument functions
4. If you have connected an external USB memory device:
a) Select "Target Folder".
The R&S LCX opens a selection editor.
b) Select "USB1A".
c) Confirm with "Select".
Note: With no USB connected, the instrument displays a message and automatically sets the internal partition, when confirmed.
The R&S LCX saves the logging file in the predefined logging folder on the
selected memory location.
Configuring logging settings
The example shows the settings for logging mode "Span", with the parameters "Interval", "Duration" and "Start Time" defined.
To configure the settings and activate logging:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
2. In the "Functions" tab, select "Logging".
3. Select "Mode" > "Span".
A selection editor opens.
4. Select "Span".
5. Confirm you selection.
6. To set the time parameters for the selected mode:
a) Select "Interval"
b) In the on-screen keypad, enter time and unit, e.g. "0.1 s".
c)
Confirm with .
d) Proceed the same way to set the duration and the start time.
Note: For the start time, the R&S LCX opens a selection editor, providing date set-
tings, and steps to a second editor for setting the start time at the selected date.
The R&S LCX starts logging at the defined date and time, and stops after the duration time has elapsed. It generates the file name and saves the logging data in the
specified memory location, see "Selecting the memory location" on page 97.
To configure the other logging modes, proceed the same way.
8.8.4 Dynamic impedance measurement
Option: R&S LCX-K106
The dynamic impedance measurement feature enables you to record a set of measurement data acquired over a range of values for the selected measurement signal
parameter.
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8.8.4.1 Dynamic impedance measurement settings
Instrument functions
Specific instrument functions
When activated, the R&S LCX starts sweeping through the range of measurement signal parameter values and records the acquired measurement data in a log file. When
the sweep process is completed, the instrument displays the recorded measurement
data graphically.
Interactions and characteristics
The R&S LCX calculates the dynamic impedance measurement parameters according
to the test signal settings. I.e. changing the frequency, range or voltage of the test signal impacts the sweep parameter values, ranges and limits.
In the "Dynamic Impedance Measurement" menu, you can configure the parameter
settings for this function. You can select the measurement parameter for the sweep,
i.e. the parameter that changes its value throughout the process based on the range of
values configured.
This function requires that the option R&S LCX-K106 is installed. Otherwise, the function is not available indicated by the grayed out item in the "Functions" tab.
Access:
1. Press the [settings] key at the front panel.
2. In the "Functions" tab, select "Dynamic Impedance Measurement".
Figure 8-21: Dynamic impedance measurement menu
The softkey menu contains the basic parameters for setting the parameters and
activating the measurement mode.
The required remote commands are described in Chapter 11.8, "DIMeasure subsys-
tem", on page 188.
How to: see Chapter 8.8.4.2, "Using the dynamic impedance measurement function",
on page 101
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Enabled.......................................................................................................................100
Sweep Parameter....................................................................................................... 100
Minimum......................................................................................................................100
Maximum.....................................................................................................................100
Interval Type................................................................................................................100
Step Size.....................................................................................................................101
Number of Points........................................................................................................ 101
Abort............................................................................................................................101
Enabled
Starts the dynamic impedance measurement process.
The R&S LCX displays a progress dialog until the measurement is complete, see
"Measuring in dynamic impedance measurement mode" on page 101.
Remote command:
DIMeasure:EXECute on page 190
Sweep Parameter
Opens a selection editor to determine the measurement signal parameter that changes
during the entire measurement process.
The R&S LCX varies this parameter within the range between Minimum and Maximum
in constant steps continuously. You can define the step width with the Interval type and
the corresponding settings parameter, either Step Size or "Number of Points"
on page 101.
"Test Signal Voltage"
Varies the test signal voltage level during the measurement process.
"Frequency"
"Voltage Bias"
"Current Bias"
Remote command:
DIMeasure:SWEep:PARameter on page 192
Varies the frequency of the test signal.
Varies the voltage bias value.
Varies the voltage bias value.
Minimum
Sets the first value of the range used for the selected sweep parameter.
Remote command:
DIMeasure:SWEep:MINimum on page 191
Maximum
Sets the last value of the range used for the selected sweep parameter.
Remote command:
DIMeasure:SWEep:MAXimum on page 191
Interval Type
Opens a selection editor to select the mode how the instrument calculates the width or
time between the recorded sweep parameters within the measurement range (Min/
Max).
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