R&S®FSQ-K91, -K91n and -K91ac
WLAN Application Firmware
1157.3135.42 – 08
Test & Measurement
Operating Manual
Operating Manual
The Operating Manual describes the following and firmware applications
®
● R&S
● R&S
● R&S
FSQ-K91 (1157.3129.02)
®
FSQ-K91n (1308.9387.02)
®
FSQ-K91ac (1308.9170.02)
The contents are applicable to the following instruments.
®
● R&S
FSQ (1313.9100.xx)
The contents of this manual correspond to firmware version 4.75SP5 and higher.
© 2014 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Munich. Germany
Phone: +49 89 4129-0
Fax: +49 89 4129-12 164
E-mail: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: http://www.rohde-schwarz.com
81671 Munich, Germany
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
®
R&S
is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual:
®
R&S
FSQ-K91 is abbreviated as R&S FSQ-K91.
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ............................................................... 5
1.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.11 Tests .............................................. 6
1.2 Installation ................................................................................... 7
1.3 Starting the Application ............................................................. 9
1.4 Exiting the Application ............................................................... 9
1.5 Quick Start Guide........................................................................ 10
1.5.1 Performing a Single Carrier Measurement ................................... 10
1.5.2 Performing a MIMO Measurement ............................................... 12
1.6 Navigation .................................................................................... 18
1.6.1 Hotkeys ......................................................................................... 18
1.6.2 Softkeys ........................................................................................ 20
1.6.3 Hardkeys ....................................................................................... 21
1.6.4 External Keyboard ........................................................................ 22
1.6.5 Mouse ........................................................................................... 23
1.6.6 Selecting and Editing Parameters ................................................ 24
1.6.7 Status Bar and Title Bar ................................................................ 29
1.7 Saving and Recalling Data ......................................................... 30
1.8 Printing ........................................................................................ 31
2 Measurements and Result Displays ........................ 32
2.1 Performing Measurements ........................................................ 32
2.2 Measurements ............................................................................. 33
2.2.1 I/Q Measurements ........................................................................ 33
2.2.2 Frequency Sweep Measurements ................................................ 56
2.3 Measurement Results ................................................................. 63
2.3.1 Result Summary ........................................................................... 65
2.3.2 Limit Values in the Result Summary ............................................. 70
3 Configuration ............................................................ 72
3.1 General Settings ......................................................................... 72
3.1.1 Signal Characteristics ................................................................... 73
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 1
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n Table of Contents
3.1.2 Level Settings ............................................................................... 75
3.1.3 Data Capture Settings .................................................................. 78
3.1.4 Trigger Settings ............................................................................. 80
3.1.5 I/Q Settings ................................................................................... 83
3.1.6 Input Settings ................................................................................ 83
3.2 STC / MIMO Settings ................................................................... 84
3.2.1 DUT MIMO Configuration ............................................................. 84
3.2.2 MIMO Antenna Signal Capture ..................................................... 85
3.3 Advanced Settings...................................................................... 89
3.3.1 Advanced Baseband Settings ....................................................... 90
3.3.2 Advanced Level Settings .............................................................. 95
3.3.3 Peak Vector Error (IEEE) (IEEE 802.11b & g only) ...................... 99
3.4 Demod Settings ........................................................................... 100
3.4.1 Burst To Analyze Settings ............................................................ 101
3.4.2 Tracking Settings .......................................................................... 109
3.4.3 Synchronisation Settings .............................................................. 111
3.4.4 Filter Settings (IEEE 802.11b & g) ................................................ 112
3.5 Advanced Demod Settings (IEEE 802.11n (MIMO)) ................. 114
3.5.1 Bursts to Analyze (Advanced) ...................................................... 115
3.5.2 Synchronization ............................................................................ 118
3.6 Advanced Demod Settings (IEEE 802.11ac) ............................ 119
3.6.1 PPDU to Analyze (Advanced) ....................................................... 120
3.6.2 Synchronization ............................................................................ 123
3.7 MIMO Settings (IEEE 802.11n (MIMO), ac) ................................ 124
3.7.1 Spatial Mapping Configuration ...................................................... 125
3.7.2 User Defined Spatial Mapping ...................................................... 126
3.8 Gate Settings ............................................................................... 127
3.8.1 Gating (On Off) ............................................................................. 127
3.8.2 Gate Configuration ........................................................................ 128
3.9 Import and Export of I/Q Data .................................................... 130
3.10 Support ........................................................................................ 131
3.11 Markers ........................................................................................ 132
3.12 Display Settings .......................................................................... 134
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 2
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n Table of Contents
4 Measurement Basics ................................................ 135
4.1 Signal Processing for Multicarrier Measurements (IEEE802.11a, g (OFDM)) ....135
4.1.1 Abbreviations ................................................................................ 135
4.1.2 Literature ....................................................................................... 140
4.2 Signal Processing for Single-Carrier Measurements (IEEE 802.11b, g (DSSS))141
4.2.1 Abbreviations ................................................................................ 141
4.2.2 Literature ....................................................................................... 145
4.3 Signal Processing for MIMO Measurements ............................ 146
4.3.1 Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) ............................................... 146
4.3.2 Spatial Mapping ............................................................................ 147
4.3.3 Physical vs Effective Channels ..................................................... 147
4.3.4 Capturing Data from MIMO Antennas .......................................... 149
4.3.5 Calculating Results ....................................................................... 151
4.4 IEEE 802.11b RF Carrier Suppression ...................................... 153
4.4.1 Definition ....................................................................................... 153
4.4.2 Measurement with Rohde & Schwarz Spectrum Analyzers. ........ 153
4.4.3 Comparison to I/Q Offset Measurement in the WLAN List Mode . 154
4.5 I/Q Impairments ........................................................................... 155
4.5.1 I/Q Offset ....................................................................................... 155
4.5.2 Gain Imbalance ............................................................................. 156
4.5.3 Quadrature Error ........................................................................... 157
4.6 Peak EVM (IEEE) ......................................................................... 158
4.7 Burst EVM (Direct) ...................................................................... 158
5 Remote Control ......................................................... 159
5.1 Description of commands .......................................................... 159
5.1.1 Notation ......................................................................................... 159
5.2 ABORt Subsystem ...................................................................... 162
5.3 CALCulate Subsystem ............................................................... 163
5.3.1 CALCulate:BURSt Subsystem ...................................................... 163
5.3.2 CALCulate:LIMit Subsystem ......................................................... 164
5.3.3 CALCulate:MARKer Subsystem ................................................... 179
5.3.4 CALCulate:MARKer:FUNCtion Subsystem .................................. 185
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 3
5.4 CONFigure Subsystem ............................................................... 188
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n Table of Contents
5.5 DISPlay Subsystem .................................................................... 213
5.6 FETCh Subsystem ...................................................................... 217
5.7 FORMat Subsystem .................................................................... 229
5.8 INITiate Subsystem ..................................................................... 230
5.9 INPut Subsystem ........................................................................ 231
5.10 INSTrument Subsystem ............................................................. 237
5.11 MMEMory Subsystem ................................................................. 238
5.12 SENSe Subsystem ...................................................................... 240
5.13 STATus Subsystem .................................................................... 265
5.14 TRACe Subsystem ...................................................................... 273
5.14.1 Using the TRACe:DATA Command .............................................. 273
5.14.2 TRACe:IQ Subsystem .................................................................. 282
5.15 TRIGger Subsystem ................................................................... 284
5.16 UNIT Subsystem ......................................................................... 287
5.17 Status reporting registers .......................................................... 289
5.17.1 Description of the Status Registers .............................................. 291
5.18 Error Reporting ........................................................................... 297
5.19 Softkeys with assignment of IEC/IEEE bus commands ......... 298
5.19.1 Key MEAS or Hotkey WLAN ......................................................... 298
5.19.2 Key DISP ...................................................................................... 301
5.19.3 Key MKR ....................................................................................... 301
5.19.4 Key MKR->.................................................................................... 301
5.19.5 Key LINES .................................................................................... 302
5.19.6 Hotkeys ......................................................................................... 302
6 Remote Control - Programming Examples ............. 303
6.1 Synchronization of Entry of Option .......................................... 303
6.2 Selecting Measurements ............................................................ 304
6.3 Running Synchronized Measurements .................................... 305
7 Warnings & Error Messages .................................... 306
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 4
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Introduction to IEEE 802.11 Tests
1 Introduction
The applications R&S FSQ-K91, -K91n and -K91ac (in the following abbreviated as
"WLAN applications") extend the functionality of the R&S FSQ spectrum analyzer to
enable Wireless LAN Tx measurements in accordance with IEEE standards IEEE
802.11a/b/g/j (R&S FSQ-K91), IEEE 802.11n (R&S FSQ-K91n) and IEEE 802.11ac
(R&S FSQ-K91ac).
This manual describes how to use the WLAN applications. It contains instructions on
how to prepare, execute and evaluate measurements and also contains many helpful
hints and examples.
● Chapter "Introduction" (page 5) contains basic information about the WLAN
application, including a "Quick Start Guide" that describes a basic WLAN
measurement.
● Chapter "Measurements and Result Displays" (page 32) contains extensive
information about the measurements and result displays that the WLAN application
provides.
● Chapter "Configuration" (page 72) contains extensive information about
measurement configuration and the parameters that the application provides.
● Chapter "Measurement Basics" (page 135) contains background information about
the featured measurements.
● Chapter "Remote Control" (page 159) contains all remote control commands
supported by the WLAN application.
● Chapter "Remote Control - Programming Examples" (page 303) contains
programming examples for remote control operation of the application.
● Chapter "Warnings & Error Messages" (page 306) contains a list of possible
warnings and error messages that may occur during measurements.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 5
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Introduction to IEEE 802.11 Tests
1.1 Introduction to IEEE 802.11 Tests
The R&S FSQ-K91 WLAN application extends the functionality of the R&S FSQ to
enable accurate and reproducible Tx measurements of a WLAN device under test
(DUT) in accordance with the standards specified for the device.
The following standards are currently supported (if the corresponding firmware option
is installed):
● IEEE 802.11a
● IEEE 802.11b
● IEEE 802.11g (OFDM)
● IEEE 802.11g (DSSS)
● IEEE 802.11j
● IEEE 802.11n (SISO) (with option R&S FSQ-K91n)
● IEEE 802.11n (MIMO) (with option R&S FSQ-K91n)
● IEEE 802.11 ac (with option R&S FSQ-K91ac)
● IEEE 802.11 OFDM Turbo Mode
Features
● Modulation measurements
- Constellation diagram
- Constellation diagram for each OFDM carrier
- I/Q offset and I/Q imbalance
- Carrier and symbol frequency errors
- Modulation error (EVM) for each OFDM carrier or symbol
- Amplitude response and group-delay distortion (spectral flatness)
● Amplitude statistics (CCDF) and crest factor
● Transmit spectrum mask
● FFT, also over a selected part of the signal, e.g. preamble
● Payload bit information
● Capture time selectable up to 100 ms (depending on selected standard), multiple
sweeps possible for large number of PPDUs
● Freq/Phase Err vs. Preamble
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 6
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Installation
1.2 Installation
Installing the software
To get the full functionality of the WLAN application described in this document, make
sure to install the latest firmware. The latest firmware is available for download on the
R&S FSQ homepage at http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/fsq.html.
To perform a firmware update, proceed as follows.
1. Copy the downloaded data to a memory stick or similar USB device and connect it
to the R&S FSQ.
2. Press the SETUP key.
3. Press the NEXT key.
4. Press the "Firmware Update" softkey.
5. In the submenu, again press the "Firmware Update"s oftkey.
6. Follow the instructions as displayed on the screen.
When the installation is done, the analyzer will reboot.
Also refer to the documentation of the R&S FSQ for more comprehensive instructions
on how to perform firmware updates.
Activating the firmware option
Once the option has been installed, it needs to be activated with an option key.
1. Press the SETUP key
2. Press the "General Setup" softkey
3. Press the "Options" softkey.
The R&S FSQ displays a list of currently active firmware applications.
4. Press the "Install Option" softkey.
The R&S FSQ opens a dialog box to enter the option key.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 7
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Installation
5. Enter the option key supplied with the WLAN application.
If you are upgrading from an older version of the WLAN application (for example
from the R&S FSQ-K90 to R&S FSQ-K91 or R&S FSQ-K91n), enter the upgrade
key in addition to the original R&S FSQ-K90 option key.
An additional key is also required for IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11ac support.
If the option key you have entered is valid, you have to reboot the R&S FSQ. The
R&S FSQ displays a corresponding message box.
6. Press "OK" in the message box to reboot the R&S FSQ.
When the R&S FSQ has rebooted, it displays a new hotkey at the bottom of the
display labeled "WLAN". In addition, the "Firmware Options" dialog box contains an
entry for the WLAN application(s).
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 8
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Starting the Application
1.3 Starting the Application
► Turn on the R&S FSQ.
If the WLAN application has been installed correctly, the hotkey bar at the bottom
of the screen should contain a hotkey labeled "WLAN".
► Press the "WLAN" hotkey to start the WLAN application.
If you turn off the R&S FSQ while the WLAN application is active, the R&S FSQ will
start up in the WLAN application when you turn it on again.
1.4 Exiting the Application
► To exit the WLAN application, press the "SPECTRUM" hotkey.
The R&S FSQ closes the WLAN application and enters Spectrum mode. The settings
that were active before you started the WLAN application are restored.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 9
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
DUT
RF Input
(front panel)
Quick Start Guide
1.5 Quick Start Guide
The Quick Start Guide helps you to become familiar with the WLAN application. It
contains a basic single carrier WLAN measurement and a basic MIMO measurement.
Both measurements use a basic configuration that allows you to perform the
measurements quickly and efficiently.
1.5.1 Performing a Single Carrier Measurement
The DUT in this example generates an IEEE 802.11a signal with a 16QAM modulation.
Measurement setup
► Connect the DUT tot he RF input on the front panel of the R&S FSQ.
Preparing the measurement
1. Start the WLAN application.
2. Press the "General Settings" softkey
The R&S FSQ opens the "General Settings" dialog box.
3. Select the the IEEE 802.11a standard from the "Standard" dropdown menu.
4. Select the "Frequency" field and enter the required measurement frequency.
If you enter a valid frequency, the application updates the "Channel No" field
(→ "Signal Characteristics").
Note that you can also access the "Frequency" field directly by pressing the FREQ
key.
5. Make sure to turn on auto leveling by adding the checkmark in the "Auto" field
(→ "Level Settings") to enable automatic level detection.
If auto leveling is on, the WLAN application automatically determines the ideal
reference level prior to each measurement.
Alternatively, you can start a measurement to determine the ideal reference level
with the AUTO LVL hotkey.
All other settings in the "General Settings" dialog box are sufficient for this example.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 10
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Quick Start Guide
6. Press the "Demod Settings" softkey.
The R&S FSQ opens the "Demod Settings" dialog box.
7. Select the modulation scheme in the "Demodulator" field.
8. Close the "Demod Settings" dialog box with the WLAN hotkey.
Performing the Measurement
1. Press the RUN SGL hotkey to start the measurement.
2. During the measurement, the text "Running..." is displayed in the status bar at the
bottom of the screen.
Measurement results are updated once the measurement has been completed. The
results are displayed in graphical form. The display can be toggled to a tabular list of
measurement results by pressing the DISPLAY softkey.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 11
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Two
Channel
SMU
FSx
FSx
LAN
Hub
Trigger Signal
Reference Signal
RF Signal
LAN
LAN
LAN
1
Tx
2
Tx
1
Rx
2
Rx
Quick Start Guide
1.5.2 Performing a MIMO Measurement
The DUT, in this case an R&S SMU, generates an IEEE 802.11n signal. The
R&S SMU simulates a MIMO DUT with two transmission antennas.
The R&S SMU has to be equipped with two RF paths and the corresponding option for
WLAN signal generation (R&S SMU-K54 for IEEE 802.11n signals).
To test both antennas simultaneously, two signal analyzers are required. However,
only one analyzer needs to be equipped with the WLAN application.
Measurement setup
► Connect the DUT and analyzers as illustrated below.
► Connect the two analyzers to each other directly with a cross LAN cable or
integrate them both in a LAN. The analyzer with the WLAN application (master)
controls the second analyzer (slave) by providing the trigger signal to start the
measurement.
► Connect the external reference REF OUT of the R&S SMU to the external
reference REF IN of the analyzers.
Turn on the external reference for both analyzers in the spectrum analyzer base
system.
► Connect the marker output of the R&S SMU to the Ext Trigger input of the
analyzers.
► Establish a connection between the signal generator and the analyzers.
- Connect the Path A RF / Baseband connector directly to the first analyzer, and
the Path B RF / Baseband connector directly to the second analyzer.
or
- Use the air interface with appropriate antennas.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 12
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Quick Start Guide
Configuring the signal generator
Basically, it is sufficient to configure one Baseband and then configure the second
Baseband from the first.
1. Select the signal path for "Baseband A".
2. Select the "IEEE 802.11n…" option to configure a WLAN signal.
The R&S SMU opens the "IEEE 802.11n WLAN A" dialog box.
3. Select a "Transmission Bandwidth" of 40 MHz.
4. Press the "Transmit Antennas Setup…" button.
The R&S SMU opens the "IEEE 802.11n WLAN A: Tx Antenna Setup" dialog box.
5. Select 2 antennas from the "Antennas" dropdown menu.
6. Return to the "IEEE 802.11n WLAN A" dialog box.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 13
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Quick Start Guide
7. Press the "Frame Block Configuration…" button.
The R&S SMU opens the "IEEE 802.11n WLAN A Frame Blocks Configuration"
dialog box.
8. Select HT-40MHz from the "Tx Mode" dropdown menu.
9. Press the "PPDU Config…" button.
The R&S SMU opens the "IEEE 802.11n WLAN A: PPDU Configuration for Frame
Block 1" dialog box.
10. Select two "Spatial Streams" and two "Space Time Streams".
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 14
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Quick Start Guide
11. Return to the "IEEE 802.11n WLAN A" dialog box.
12. Select "Configure Baseband B from Baseband A".
The R&S SMU transfers the configuration of Path A to Baseband Path B. Thus,
Baseband Path B also generates an IEEE 802.11n signal.
13. Press the "State" button to turn on the signal.
Make also sure that both signal paths (RF/A Mod A and RF/B Mod B) are turned
on.
14. Turn on the Graphics | Power Spectrum display.
These displays show the power spectrum for both antennas.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 15
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Quick Start Guide
Configuring the spectrum analyzer
After configuring the signal generator, configure the spectrum analyzer.
1. Start the WLAN application.
2. Press the "General Settings" softkey to open the "General Settings" dialog.
3. Select "IEEE 802.11n (MIMO)" from the "Standard" dropdown menu.
4. Define the RF Frequency the DUT is transmitting in the "Frequency" field.
5. Select the external "Trigger Mode".
6. Select the "STC/MIMO" tab with the left and right cursor keys.
Changing the tabs is possible when the cursor (blue background) is positioned on
the tab label. You can position the cursor with the up and down cursor keys, for
example.
7. Select "2 Tx Antennas" from the "DUT MIMO Configuration" dropdown menu.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 16
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Quick Start Guide
8. Enter the IP Address of the second signal analyzer in the "MIMO Measurement
Setup" table.
9. Turn on the second analyzer in the "State" column.
10. Press the RUN SGL or RUN CONT hotkey.
The application starts the measurement and shows the results.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 17
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
The SPECTRUM hotkey exits the WLAN application and returns to Spectrum mode
The WLAN hotkey restores the main measurement menu of the WLAN application. All
The AUTO LVL hotkey starts an automatic level detection measurement.
Navigation
1.6 Navigation
This section describes the navigation within the option. Navigation in this context
means all forms of interaction with the option except for remote control. The different
methods of interacting with the option are:
● Hotkeys
● Softkeys
● Hardkeys
● Numeric keypad
● Rotary knob
● Cursor keys
● External keyboard
● Mouse
1.6.1 Hotkeys
Hotkeys are allocated to the seven keys at the bottom edge of the screen. On initial
startup of the WLAN application, the hotkeys provided are shown in Fig. 1. These
hotkeys are present at all times after the option has been started.
Fig. 1 Initial hotkey menu
Pressing one of the hotkeys activates the associated hotkey. When active, the color of
the hotkey turns green.
The hotkeys perform the following operations:
with all previous settings restored.
settings and dialog boxes are removed from the display, and the default softkey menu
is displayed.
The WLAN hotkey remains green as long as the WLAN application is active.
If another measurement is running, it will be aborted before the automatic level
detection measurement is started. If a continuous measurement is running when the
AUTO LVL hotkey is pressed, the continuous measurement will resume after the
automatic level detection has been completed.
Pressing the AUTO LVL hotkey while an automatic level detection measurement is
running causes the measurement to be stopped immediately.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 18
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
The RUN SGL hotkey initiates a single measurement.
The RUN CONT hotkey initiates a continuous measurement.
The REFRESH hotkey updates the current measurement results to reflect the current
The SCREEN [A|B] hotkey selects the specified screen as the active screen.
Navigation
● Pressing RUN SGL while a single sweep measurement is running causes the
application to stop the measurement.
● Pressing RUN SGL while a continuous measurement is running causes the
application to abort that measurement before it initiates the single measurement.
Pressing RUN CONT while a continuous measurement is running causes the
application to stop the measurement.
Pressing RUN CONT while a single measurement is running causes the application to
abort that measurement before it initiates the continuous measurement.
measurement settings.
The REFRESH hotkey is available for all I/Q measurements. The REFRESH hotkey is
available only when I/Q data is available.
In full screen mode, pressing the SCREEN [A|B] hotkey displays the specified screen.
Pressing the SCREEN [A|B] hotkey changes the label displayed in the hotkey, for
example, pressing SCREEN A changes the label of the hotkey to SCREEN B. The
label indicates which screen will become the active screen after the hotkey is pressed.
Note that in case of MIMO measurements with several windows in the result displays,
this hotkey is labeled SCREEN…
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 19
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
General Settings
Demod Settings
Softkey
Label
1
Softkey
Label 2
Softkey
Label 3
Softkey
Label 4
Softkey 5
Val 1 Val 2
Softkey available
(normal state)
Softkey is active
Softkey is active and a
dialog box is open
Softkey function is
unavailable (no
3D frame)
Softkey has a toggle function
(selected function is green)
Navigation
1.6.2 Softkeys
1.6.2.1 Settings Softkeys
The softkeys are assigned to the nine keys on the right-hand side of the display. These
enable quick access to all settings and measurement screens of the WLAN application.
The two softkeys at the top ("General Settings" and "Demod Settings") are always
available (except when you are using the save / Recall, print or markers functionality).
They open the corresponding dialog boxes whose features are described in
"Measurements and Result Displays" on page 32.
Configures signal characteristics, data capture, trigger functionality and I/Q settings.
Configures the type of PPDU to measure.
1.6.2.2 Other Softkeys
All other softkeys have different functions depending on the instrument state.
Therefore, the labels (text) on the softkeys vary to reflect their current function. The
state of the softkeys is indicated by different appearances and colors, as follows:
● When the function of a softkey is available, it is colored grey with a 3D border.
● When the function of a softkey is active, it is colored green with a 3D border.
● When the function of a softkey is active and a dialog box is displayed, it is colored
red with a 3D border.
● When the function of a softkey is unavailable, it is colored grey without a 3D
border. This may be the case if the function is not supported by the current
configuration.
● When a softkey has several functions (toggle functionality), you can access the
different functions by repeatedly pressing the softkey. The currently active function
is colored green.
● When a softkey has no function, the application shows no label for that softkey.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 20
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
FREQ
Opens the "General Settings" dialog box and selects the "Frequency"
MKR
Opens the Marker menu to configure markers.
SWEEP
Opens the "General Settings" dialog box and selects the "Capture
MEAS
Opens the Measurement menu to configure and select measurements.
TRACE
Opens the "General Settings" menu and selects the "Burst Count"
LINES
Allows you to define limits for numerical results.
FILE
Opens the file manager to save and restore measurement results and
HCOPY
Opens a menu to configure the printer.
Navigation
1.6.3 Hardkeys
Hardkeys allow quick access to a particular parameter and various functions. The
WLAN application supports the following hardkeys.
parameter for quick definition of the measurement frequency.
AMPT Opens the "General Settings" dialog box and selects the "Signal Level"
parameter for quick definition of the expected signal level.
MKR→ Opens the Marker To menu to position markers.
Time" parameter for quick definition of the measurement time.
parameter for quick definition of the PPDU count.
Available for the numerical Result Summary.
DISP Opens the Display menu to configure the display.
configuration.
PRESET Exits the WLAN application and restores the default configuration of the
R&S FSQ.
Software Manual 1157.3135.42 - 08 21
R&S FSQ-K90/K91/K91n/K91ac Introduction
Number keys
Allows you to enter any kind of number.
Decimal point
Inserts a decimal point "." at the cursor position.
Minus key
If you are using it with numbers, the minus key changes the sign of
ESC key
Aborts the entry before it has been terminated. The previous value
ENTER key
Terminates the input of dimension quantities. The new value is set.
Left and Right
Navigates between individual parameters within dialog boxes.
Up and Down
Navigates between individual parameters within the setting views
CTRL-F1 CTRL-F
2 CTRL-F3 CTRL-F
4 CTRL-F5 CTRL-F
6 CTRL-F7
Navigation
1.6.4 External Keyboard
The WLAN application allows you to control it with an external keyboard. It supports
the following keys to interact with the application.
(0 to 9)
(".")
("-")
Cursor
Cursor
the mantissa or the exponent of that number.
If you are using it with alphanumeric characters, the minus key
writes a dash character.
is restored.
Closes the entry field after termination of input.
Closes dialog boxes.
Activates the input of parameters or immediately sets the new
value.
Selects the highlighted item in dropdown menus.
Navigates between the individual items within dropdown menus.
Moves the cursor left and right inside an entry window to reach a
particular position in a string during alphanumeric entries.
and some of the dialog boxes.
Navigates between the individual items within dropdown menus.
Increments or decrements the numeric value of a parameter.
CTRL keys Controls and selects hotkeys in combination with the function keys.
Each of the seven hotkeys is allocated a different function (F<x>)
key. To access these hotkeys, press CTRL-F<x>.
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Function Keys
Controls and selects softkeys
F1
Softkey 1
F
2
Softkey 2
F
3
Softkey
3
F4
Softkey 4
F
9
...
Softkey 9
Navigation
Each of the nine softkeys is allocated a different function (F<x>)
key. To access these softkeys, F<x>.
1.6.5 Mouse
The WLAN application supports a mouse to select parameters within dialog boxes or
input fields. It also allows you to select hotkeys, softkeys or items from a dropdown
menu with the mouse.
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Navigation
1.6.6 Selecting and Editing Parameters
You can change the values of parameters in different ways.
● Enter numeric or alphanumeric values
● Select an item from a dropdown menu
● Turn something on and off with a check box.
In all cases, the parameter has to be selected by placing focus on it. You can do so by
navigating to the corresponding parameter with the cursor keys or the rotary knob.
The R&S FSQ provides the following methods to edit parameters. (As an alternative,
you can use an external keyboard or mouse)
1.6.6.1 Numeric Keypad
The numeric keypad is provided for entering numeric parameters. It contains the
following keys:
Number keys 0 to 9
The number keys allow you to enter a numeric value into fields that support numeric values.
The number keys also allow you to enter numbers into fields that support alphanumeric values. The number
is entered at the cursor position in that case.
Decimal point (".")
Inserts a decimal point at the cursor position.
Minus sign ("-")
The minus key changes the sign of the mantissa or the exponent of that number, if you use it in a field that
supports numeric values.
If you are using it with alphanumeric characters, the minus key writes a dash character.
Unit keys (GHz/-dBm, MHz/dBm, kHz/dB and Hz/dB)
Provides the numeric value entered with the selected unit and sets the parameter to that value.
The unit keys are all assigned the value "1" for dimensionless quantities or for level entries (e.g. in dB). The
unit keys thus assume the function of an ENTER key.
BACK key
Deletes the character to the left of the cursor when you are entering alphanumeric values.
ESC/CANCEL key
− Aborts the entry of a new parameter value. The previous value is restored.
− Closes dialog boxes.
ENTER key
− Enables editing of the selected parameter (using numeric keys or rotary knob).
− Finishes the editing of a parameter value. The new value is set.
− For an alphanumeric value, the new value is set to the displayed value (using the current unit if applicable).
− In a drop-down menu, the parameter is set to the currently selected value in the list.
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Navigation
1.6.6.2 Rotary Knob
The rotary knob allows you to perform the following actions.
− In a dialog box, the rotary knob navigates between individual parameters. The currently selected
parameter is highlighted blue.
− In dropdown menus, the rotary knob navigates between the individual values for the parameter.
− While changing a numeric parameter, its value is incremented (by turning clockwise) or decremented (by
turning counterclockwise) at a defined step size (depending on the parameter).
− In dialog boxes, pressing the rotary knob activates the input or selection of values or immediately sets the
new value. Thus, pressing the rotary knob is like pressing the ENTER key.
− In dropdown menus, pressing the rotary knob selects the required item.
1.6.6.3 Cursor Keys
The left ( ) and right ( ) cursor keys are used as follows.
− In a dialog box, the cursor keys navigate between individual parameters. The currently selected parameter
is highlighted blue.
− In dropdown menus, the rotary knob navigates between the individual values for the parameter.
− Moves the cursor inside an entry field left and right to reach a particular position in the string during
alphanumeric entry.
The up (
− In a dialog box, the cursor keys navigate between individual parameters. The currently selected parameter
is highlighted blue.
− In dropdown menus, the rotary knob navigates between the individual values for the parameter.
− Increment or decrement the value of a parameter during numeric entry.
) and down ( ) cursor keys are used as follows.
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Navigation
1.6.6.4 Selecting Parameters in Dialog Boxes
The application allows you to select parameters in different ways.
Selecting the parameter with the rotary knob
1. Open a dialog box (for example the "General Settings").
2. Turn the rotary knob until you reach a particular parameter.
Turning the rotary knob clockwise selects a parameter below the current focus.
Turning it counterclockwise selects a parameter above the current focus.
When a parameter is in focus, its label turns blue.
Press the rotary knob to edit the parameter. In case of numeric parameters, you
can also edit the parameter by entering a numeric value from the numeric keypad
without pressing ENTER first.
Selecting the parameter with the cursor keys
1. Open a dialog box (for example the "General Settings").
2. Press one of the cursor keys until you reach a particular parameter.
Pressing the DOWN or RIGHT cursor keys selects a parameter below the current
focus. Pressing the UP or LEFT cursor keys selects a parameter above the current
focus.
In a table, the cursor keys move the focus in the corresponding direction.
When the focus is on a particular parameter, its label turns blue.
Selection using mouse
1. Move the cursor to a particular parameter
2. Press the left mouse button to put the focus on the parameter.
When the focus is on a particular parameter, its label turns blue.
Press the rotary knob or the ENTER key to edit the parameter. In case of numeric
parameters, you can also edit the parameter by entering a numeric value from the
numeric keypad without pressing ENTER first.
Selection using external keyboard
► Use the cursor keys to select a particular parameter (in the same way as using the
cursor keys on the front panel).
When the focus is on a particular parameter, its label turns blue.
Press the rotary knob or the ENTER key to edit the parameter. In case of numeric
parameters, you can also edit the parameter by entering a numeric value from the
numeric keypad without pressing ENTER first.
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Navigation
1.6.6.5 Entering Numeric Values
The application allows you to enter numeric values in different ways.
1. Select a parameter.
2. Press the rotary knob to edit the parameter.
In case of numeric parameters, you can edit the parameter by entering a numeric
value from the numeric keypad without pressing ENTER first.
If the new value is not valid, a message box is displayed and the value you have
entered is not accepted.
Entering values with the numeric keypad
1. Enter the required value using the number keys.
2. Finish the entry with one of the unit keys or the ENTER key for numbers without a
unit.
Entering values with the cursor keys
1. Press the UP or DOWN cursor keys until you reach the required value.
The application prevents the minimum and maximum values of the parameter from
being exceeded and displays an "Out of range" message box if attempted.
2. Finish the entry with one of the unit keys or the ENTER key for numbers without a
unit.
Changing a numeric value with the cursor has a larger step size compared to
changing a numeric value with the rotary knob.
Each change of the parameter value takes place immediately. No other keys need
to be pressed.
Entering values with the rotary knob
1. Turn the rotary knob until you reach the required value.
Turning the rotary knob clockwise increases the value Turning it counterclockwise
decreases the value.
The application prevents the minimum and maximum values of the parameter from
being exceeded and displays an "Out of range" message box if attempted.
2. Finish the entry with one of the unit keys or the ENTER key for numbers without a
unit.
Changing a numeric value with the cursor has a larger step size compared to
changing a numeric value with the rotary knob.
Each change of the parameter value takes place immediately. No other keys need
to be pressed.
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Navigation
Entering values with an external keyboard
Using an external keyboard works the same way as when you are using the numeric
keypad on the instrument.
Aborting the entry
► Press the ESC key while editing a parameter.
The original value is restored. The new entry is deleted.
1.6.6.6 Selecting Items from a Dropdown Menu
The application allows you to enter numeric values in different ways.
1. Select a parameter.
2. Press the rotary knob to open the dropdown menu.
Selecting items with the cursor keys
1. Press the UP and DOWN cursor keys to select an item in the dropdown menu.
The currently selected value is highlighted blue.
2. Press the ENTER key or the rotary knob to activate the selected value.
Selecting items with the rotary knob
1. Turn the rotary knob until you reach the required item in the dropdown menu.
The currently selected value is highlighted blue.
2. Press rotary knob to activate the selected value.
1.6.6.7 Using Checkboxes
A checkbox turns a parameter on and off (boolean settings).
The application shows a checkmark () in the box when the setting is on. The
checkbox is empty when the setting is off.
The application allows you to use checkboxes in different ways.
Using checkboxes with the rotary knob
► Press the rotary knob to toggle between the two states.
Using checkboxes with the numeric keypad
► Press the ENTER key to toggle between the two states.
Using checkboxes with a mouse
► Left-click on the checkbox to toggle between the two states.
Using checkboxes with an external keyboard
► Press the ENTER key to toggle between the two states.
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