Rohde&Schwarz FSQ-K101, FSQ-K105 User Manual

R&S®FSQ-K10x (LTE Uplink)
LTE Uplink Measurement Application

User Manual

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1173.1210.12 ─ 04

User Manual

Test & Measurement

This manual describes the following firmware applications:

● R&S®FSQ-K101 EUTRA / LTE FDD Uplink Measurement Application (1308.9006.02)

● R&S®FSQ-K105 EUTRA / LTE TDD Uplink Measurement Application (1309.9000.02)

This manual is applicable for the following R&S analyzer models with firmware 4.7x SP4 and higher:

● R&S®FSQ3 (1307.9002K03)

● R&S®FSQ8 (1307.9002K07)

● R&S®FSQ26 (1307.9002K13)

● R&S®FSQ40 (1307.9002K30)

● R&S®FSG8 (1309.0002.08)

● R&S®FSG13 (1309.0002.13)

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R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.

Trade names are trademarks of the owners.

The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FSQ is abbreviated as R&S FSQ.

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1171.0200.22-06.00

R&S®FSQ-K10x (LTE Uplink)

Contents

1 Preface....................................................................................................7

1.1 Documentation Overview.............................................................................................7

1.2 Typographical Conventions.........................................................................................8

2 Introduction............................................................................................9

2.1 Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution..........................................................9

2.2 Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme...............................................11

2.2.1 SC-FDMA......................................................................................................................11

2.2.2 SC-FDMA Parameterization..........................................................................................12

2.2.3 Uplink Data Transmission.............................................................................................12

2.2.4 Uplink Reference Signal Structure................................................................................13

Contents

2.2.5 Uplink Physical Layer Procedures................................................................................13

2.3 References...................................................................................................................15

3 Welcome...............................................................................................16

3.1 Installing the Software................................................................................................16

3.2 Application Overview..................................................................................................16

3.3 Support........................................................................................................................18

4 Measurement Basics...........................................................................19

4.1 Symbols and Variables...............................................................................................19

4.2 Overview......................................................................................................................20

4.3 The LTE Uplink Analysis Measurement Application...............................................20

4.3.1 Synchronization.............................................................................................................21

4.3.2 Analysis.........................................................................................................................22

5 Measurements and Result Displays...................................................25

5.1 Numerical Results.......................................................................................................25

5.2 Measuring the Power Over Time...............................................................................27

5.3 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)..........................................................28

5.4 Measuring the Spectrum............................................................................................30

5.4.1 Frequency Sweep Measurements................................................................................31

5.4.2 I/Q Measurements.........................................................................................................34

5.5 Measuring the Symbol Constellation........................................................................36

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5.6 Measuring Statistics...................................................................................................37

6 Configuring and Performing the Measurement.................................40

6.1 Performing Measurements.........................................................................................40

6.2 General Settings..........................................................................................................41

6.2.1 Defining Signal Characteristics.....................................................................................41

6.2.2 Configuring the Input Level...........................................................................................43

6.2.3 Configuring the Data Capture.......................................................................................45

6.2.4 Triggering Measurements.............................................................................................46

6.3 Configuring Spectrum Measurements......................................................................47

6.3.1 Configuring SEM Measurements..................................................................................47

6.3.2 Configuring ACLR Measurements................................................................................48

6.3.3 Configuring Gated Measurements................................................................................49

Contents

6.4 Advanced General Settings.......................................................................................49

6.4.1 Controlling I/Q Data.......................................................................................................49

6.4.2 Controlling the Input......................................................................................................50

6.4.3 Configuring the Baseband Input....................................................................................51

6.4.4 Configuring the Digital I/Q Input....................................................................................53

6.5 Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation.................................................................53

6.5.1 Configuring the Data Analysis.......................................................................................53

6.5.2 Compensating Measurement Errors.............................................................................55

6.6 Configuring Uplink Frames........................................................................................56

6.6.1 Configuring TDD Signals...............................................................................................56

6.6.2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity..................................................................57

6.6.3 Configuring Subframes.................................................................................................58

6.7 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics...............................................................59

6.7.1 Configuring the Demodulation Reference Signal..........................................................60

6.7.2 Configuring the Sounding Reference Signal.................................................................62

6.7.3 Defining the PUSCH Structure......................................................................................64

6.7.4 Defining the PUCCH Structure......................................................................................65

6.7.5 Defining Global Signal Characteristics..........................................................................67

7 Analyzing Measurement Results........................................................68

7.1 Selecting a Particular Signal Aspect.........................................................................68

7.2 Defining Measurement Units......................................................................................69

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7.3 Defining Various Measurement Parameters.............................................................69

7.4 Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram.................................................70

7.5 Scaling the Y-Axis.......................................................................................................70

7.6 Using the Marker.........................................................................................................71

8 File Management..................................................................................73

8.1 File Manager................................................................................................................73

8.2 SAVE/RECALL Key.....................................................................................................74

9 Remote Commands.............................................................................75

9.1 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes..................................................................75

9.2 Introduction.................................................................................................................75

9.2.1 Long and Short Form....................................................................................................76

9.2.2 Numeric Suffixes...........................................................................................................76

Contents

9.2.3 Optional Keywords........................................................................................................77

9.2.4 Alternative Keywords....................................................................................................77

9.2.5 SCPI Parameters..........................................................................................................77

9.3 Selecting and Configuring Measurements...............................................................80

9.3.1 Selecting Measurements...............................................................................................80

9.3.2 Configuring Frequency Sweep Measurements.............................................................81

9.4 Remote Commands to Perform Measurements.......................................................82

9.5 Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results.........................................................84

9.6 Remote Commands to Read Trace Data...................................................................91

9.6.1 Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command............................................................................91

9.6.2 Remote Commands to Read Measurement Results...................................................100

9.7 Remote Commands to Configure the Application.................................................102

9.7.1 Remote Commands for General Settings...................................................................102

9.7.2 Advanced General Settings........................................................................................109

9.7.3 Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation.....................................................................113

9.7.4 Configuring Uplink Frames..........................................................................................115

9.7.5 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics..................................................................119

9.8 Analyzing Measurement Results.............................................................................126

9.8.1 General Commands for Result Analysis.....................................................................126

9.8.2 Using Markers.............................................................................................................127

9.8.3 Scaling the Vertical Diagram Axis...............................................................................129

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9.9 Configuring the Software.........................................................................................130

List of Commands..............................................................................132

Index....................................................................................................136

Contents

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1 Preface

Preface

Documentation Overview

1.1 Documentation Overview

The user documentation for the R&S FSQ consists of the following parts:

"Getting Started" printed manual

●

Documentation CD-ROM with:

●

– Getting Started

– User Manuals for base unit and options

– Service Manual

– Release Notes

– Data sheet and product brochures

Getting Started

This manual is delivered with the instrument in printed form and in PDF format on the
CD. It provides the information needed to set up and start working with the instrument.
Basic operations and handling are described. Safety information is also included.

User Manuals

User manuals are provided for the base unit and each additional (software) option.

The user manuals are available in PDF format - in printable form - on the Documentation
CD-ROM delivered with the instrument. In the user manuals, all instrument functions are
described in detail. Furthermore, they provide a complete description of the remote con­trol commands with programming examples.

The user manual for the base unit provides basic information on operating the R&S FSQ
in general, and the Spectrum mode in particular. Furthermore, the software options that
enhance the basic functionality for various measurement modes are described here. An
introduction to remote control is provided, as well as information on maintenance, instru­ment interfaces and troubleshooting.

In the individual option manuals, the specific instrument functions of the option are
described in detail. For additional information on default settings and parameters, refer
to the data sheets. Basic information on operating the R&S FSQ is not included in the
option manuals.

Service Manual

This manual is available in PDF format on the CD delivered with the instrument. It
describes how to check compliance with rated specifications, instrument function, repair,
troubleshooting and fault elimination. It contains all information required for repairing the
R&S FSQ by replacing modules.

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Release Notes

The release notes describe the installation of the firmware, new and modified functions,
eliminated problems, and last minute changes to the documentation. The corresponding
firmware version is indicated on the title page of the release notes. The most recent
release notes are provided in the Internet.

Preface

Typographical Conventions

1.2 Typographical Conventions

The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:

Convention Description

"Graphical user interface ele­ments"

KEYS Key names are written in capital letters.

File names, commands,
program code

Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.

Links

"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quotation

All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as dia­log boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by quota­tion marks.

File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distin­guished by their font.

Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.

marks.

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2 Introduction

Currently, UMTS networks worldwide are being upgraded to high speed downlink packet
access (HSDPA) in order to increase data rate and capacity for downlink packet data. In
the next step, high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) will boost uplink performance
in UMTS networks. While HSDPA was introduced as a 3GPP Release 5 feature, HSUPA
is an important feature of 3GPP Release 6. The combination of HSDPA and HSUPA is
often referred to as HSPA.

However, even with the introduction of HSPA, the evolution of UMTS has not reached its
end. HSPA+ will bring significant enhancements in 3GPP Release 7. The objective is to
enhance the performance of HSPA-based radio networks in terms of spectrum efficiency,
peak data rate and latency, and to exploit the full potential of WCDMAbased 5 MHz
operation. Important features of HSPA+ are downlink multiple input multiple output
(MIMO), higher order modulation for uplink and downlink, improvements of layer 2 pro­tocols, and continuous packet connectivity.

In order to ensure the competitiveness of UMTS for the next 10 years and beyond, con­cepts for UMTS long term evolution (LTE) have been investigated. The objective is a
high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio access technology. Therefore, a
study item was launched in 3GPP Release 7 on evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access
(EUTRA) and evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN). LTE/EUTRA
will then form part of 3GPP Release 8 core specifications.

Introduction

Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution

This introduction focuses on LTE/EUTRA technology. In the following, the terms LTE or
EUTRA are used interchangeably.

In the context of the LTE study item, 3GPP work first focused on the definition of require­ments, e.g. targets for data rate, capacity, spectrum efficiency, and latency. Also com­mercial aspects such as costs for installing and operating the network were considered.
Based on these requirements, technical concepts for the air interface transmission
schemes and protocols were studied. Notably, LTE uses new multiple access schemes
on the air interface: orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in downlink
and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) in uplink. Furthermore,
MIMO antenna schemes form an essential part of LTE. In an attempt to simplify protocol
architecture, LTE brings some major changes to the existing UMTS protocol concepts.
Impact on the overall network architecture including the core network is being investiga­ted in the context of 3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE).

● Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution.........................................................9

● Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme...............................................11

● References..............................................................................................................15

2.1 Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution

LTE is focusing on optimum support of packet switched (PS) services. Main requirements
for the design of an LTE system are documented in 3GPP TR 25.913 [1] and can be
summarized as follows:

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R&S®FSQ-K10x (LTE Uplink)

Data Rate: Peak data rates target 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink) for 20

●

MHz spectrum allocation, assuming two receive antennas and one transmit antenna
are at the terminal.

Throughput: The target for downlink average user throughput per MHz is three to four

●

times better than Release 6. The target for uplink average user throughput per MHz
is two to three times better than Release 6.

Spectrum efficiency: The downlink target is three to four times better than Release

●

6. The uplink target is two to three times better than Release 6.

Latency: The one-way transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer

●

in either the UE or radio access network and the availability of this packet at IP layer
in the radio access network/UE shall be less than 5 ms. Also C-plane latency shall
be reduced, e.g. to allow fast transition times of less than 100 ms from camped state
to active state.

Bandwidth: Scaleable bandwidths of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz shall be

●

supported. Also bandwidths smaller than 5 MHz shall be supported for more flexibility.

Interworking: Interworking with existing UTRAN/GERAN systems and non-3GPP

●

systems shall be ensured. Multimode terminals shall support handover to and from
UTRAN and GERAN as well as inter-RAT measurements. Interruption time for hand­over between EUTRAN and UTRAN/GERAN shall be less than 300 ms for realtime
services and less than 500 ms for non-realtime services.

Multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS): MBMS shall be further enhanced

●

and is then referred to as E-MBMS.

Costs: Reduced CAPEX and OPEX including backhaul shall be achieved. Costef-

●

fective migration from Release 6 UTRA radio interface and architecture shall be pos­sible. Reasonable system and terminal complexity, cost, and power consumption
shall be ensured. All the interfaces specified shall be open for multivendor equipment
interoperability.

Mobility: The system should be optimized for low mobile speed (0 to 15 km/h), but

●

higher mobile speeds shall be supported as well, including high speed train environ­ment as a special case.

Spectrum allocation: Operation in paired (frequency division duplex / FDD mode) and

●

unpaired spectrum (time division duplex / TDD mode) is possible.

Co-existence: Co-existence in the same geographical area and co-location with

●

GERAN/UTRAN shall be ensured. Also, co-existence between operators in adjacent
bands as well as cross-border co-existence is a requirement.

Quality of Service: End-to-end quality of service (QoS) shall be supported. VoIP

●

should be supported with at least as good radio and backhaul efficiency and latency
as voice traffic over the UMTS circuit switched networks.

Network synchronization: Time synchronization of different network sites shall not be

●

mandated.

Introduction

Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution

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R&S®FSQ-K10x (LTE Uplink)

Introduction

Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

2.2 Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

2.2.1 SC-FDMA

During the study item phase of LTE, alternatives for the optimum uplink transmission
scheme were investigated. While OFDMA is seen optimum to fulfil the LTE requirements
in downlink, OFDMA properties are less favourable for the uplink. This is mainly due to
weaker peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) properties of an OFDMA signal, resulting in
worse uplink coverage.

Thus, the LTE uplink transmission scheme for FDD and TDD mode is based on SCFDMA
with a cyclic prefix. SC-FDMA signals have better PAPR properties compared to an
OFDMA signal. This was one of the main reasons for selecting SC-FDMA as LTE uplink
access scheme. The PAPR characteristics are important for cost-effective design of UE
power amplifiers. Still, SC-FDMA signal processing has some similarities with OFDMA
signal processing, so parameterization of downlink and uplink can be harmonized.

There are different possibilities how to generate an SC-FDMA signal. DFT-spread- OFDM
(DFT-s-OFDM) has been selected for EUTRA. The principle is illustrated in figure 2-1.

For DFT-s-OFDM, a size-M DFT is first applied to a block of M modulation symbols.
QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM are used as uplink EUTRA modulation schemes, the latter
being optional for the UE. The DFT transforms the modulation symbols into the frequency
domain. The result is mapped onto the available sub-carriers. In EUTRA uplink, only
localized transmission on consecutive sub-carriers is allowed. An N point IFFT where
N>M is then performed as in OFDM, followed by addition of the cyclic prefix and parallel
to serial conversion.

Fig. 2-1: Block Diagram of DFT-s-OFDM (Localized Transmission)

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The DFT processing is therefore the fundamental difference between SC-FDMA and
OFDMA signal generation. This is indicated by the term DFT-spread-OFDM. In an
SCFDMA signal, each sub-carrier used for transmission contains information of all trans­mitted modulation symbols, since the input data stream has been spread by the DFT
transform over the available sub-carriers. In contrast to this, each sub-carrier of an
OFDMA signal only carries information related to specific modulation symbols.

Introduction

Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

2.2.2 SC-FDMA Parameterization

The EUTRA uplink structure is similar to the downlink. An uplink radio frame consists of
20 slots of 0.5 ms each, and 1 subframe consists of 2 slots. The slot structure is shown
in figure 2-2.

Each slot carries

SC-FDMA symbols, where = 7 for the normal cyclic prefix and

= 6 for the extended cyclic prefix. SC-FDMA symbol number 3 (i.e. the 4th symbol

in a slot) carries the reference signal for channel demodulation.

Fig. 2-2: Uplink Slot Structure

Also for the uplink, a bandwidth agnostic layer 1 specification has been selected. The
table below shows the configuration parameters in an overview table.

2.2.3 Uplink Data Transmission

In uplink, data is allocated in multiples of one resource block. Uplink resource block size
in the frequency domain is 12 sub-carriers, i.e. the same as in downlink. However, not all
integer multiples are allowed in order to simplify the DFT design in uplink signal process­ing. Only factors 2, 3, and 5 are allowed.

The uplink transmission time interval (TTI) is 1 ms (same as downlink).

User data is carried on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) that is determined
by the transmission bandwidth NTx and the frequency hopping pattern k0.

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The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) carries uplink control information, e.g.
CQI reports and ACK/NACK information related to data packets received in the downlink.
The PUCCH is transmitted on a reserved frequency region in the uplink.

Introduction

Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

2.2.4 Uplink Reference Signal Structure

Uplink reference signals are used for two different purposes: on the one hand, they are
used for channel estimation in the eNodeB receiver in order to demodulate control and
data channels. On the other hand, the reference signals provide channel quality infor­mation as a basis for scheduling decisions in the base station. The latter purpose is also
called channel sounding.

The uplink reference signals are based on CAZAC (Constant Amplitude Zero Auto- Cor­relation) sequences.

2.2.5 Uplink Physical Layer Procedures

For EUTRA, the following uplink physical layer procedures are especially important:

Non-synchronized random access

Random access may be used to request initial access, as part of handover, when tran­siting from idle to connected, or to re-establish uplink synchronization. The structure is
shown in figure 2-3.

Fig. 2-3: Random Access Structure, principle

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Multiple random access channels may be defined in the frequency domain within one
access period TRA in order to provide a sufficient number of random access opportunities.

For random access, a preamble is defined as shown in figure 2-4. The preamble
sequence occupies T

subframe of 1 ms. During the guard time TGT, nothing is transmitted. The preamble band­width is 1.08 MHz (72 sub-carriers). Higher layer signalling controls in which subframes

the preamble transmission is allowed, and the location in the frequency domain. Per cell,
there are 64 random access preambles. They are generated from Zadoff-Chu sequences.

Fig. 2-4: Random Access Preamble

Introduction

Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

= 0.8 ms and the cyclic prefix occupies TCP = 0.1 ms within one

PRE

The random access procedure uses open loop power control with power ramping similar
to WCDMA. After sending the preamble on a selected random access channel, the UE
waits for the random access response message. If no response is detected then another
random access channel is selected and a preamble is sent again.

Uplink scheduling

Scheduling of uplink resources is done by eNodeB. The eNodeB assigns certain time/
frequency resources to the UEs and informs UEs about transmission formats to use.
Scheduling decisions affecting the uplink are communicated to the UEs via the Physical
Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in the downlink. The scheduling decisions may be
based on QoS parameters, UE buffer status, uplink channel quality measurements, UE
capabilities, UE measurement gaps, etc.

Uplink link adaptation

As uplink link adaptation methods, transmission power control, adaptive modulation and
channel coding rate, as well as adaptive transmission bandwidth can be used.

Uplink timing control

Uplink timing control is needed to time align the transmissions from different UEs with
the receiver window of the eNodeB. The eNodeB sends the appropriate timing-control
commands to the UEs in the downlink, commanding them to adapt their respective trans­mit timing.

Hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ)

The Uplink Hybrid ARQ protocol is already known from HSUPA. The eNodeB has the
capability to request retransmissions of incorrectly received data packets.

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Introduction

References

2.3 References

[1] 3GPP TS 25.913: Requirements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN (Release 7)

[2] 3GPP TR 25.892: Feasibility Study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) for UTRAN enhancement (Release 6)

[3] 3GPP TS 36.211 v8.3.0: Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 8)

[4] 3GPP TS 36.300: E-UTRA and E-UTRAN; Overall Description; Stage 2 (Release 8)

[5] 3GPP TS 22.978: All-IP Network (AIPN) feasibility study (Release 7)

[6] 3GPP TS 25.213: Spreading and modulation (FDD)

[7] Speth, M., Fechtel, S., Fock, G., and Meyr, H.: Optimum Receiver Design for Wireless
Broad-Band Systems Using OFDM – Part I. IEEE Trans. on Commun. Vol. 47 (1999) No.
11, pp. 1668-1677.

[8] Speth, M., Fechtel, S., Fock, G., and Meyr, H.: Optimum Receiver Design for OFDM­Based Broadband Transmission – Part II: A Case Study. IEEE Trans. on Commun. Vol.
49 (2001) No. 4, pp. 571-578.

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3 Welcome

The EUTRA/LTE software application makes use of the I/Q capture functionality of the
following spectrum and signal analyzers to enable EUTRA/LTE TX measurements con­forming to the EUTRA specification.

R&S FSQ

●

R&S FSG

●

This manual contains all information necessary to configure, perform and analyze such
measurements.

● Installing the Software.............................................................................................16

● Application Overview...............................................................................................16

● Support....................................................................................................................18

Welcome

Installing the Software

3.1 Installing the Software

For information on the installation procedure see the release notes of the R&S FSQ.

3.2 Application Overview

Starting the application

Access the application via the "Mode" menu.

► Press the MODE key and select "LTE".

Note that you may have to browse through the "Mode" menu with the "Next" key to
find the LTE entry.

Presetting the software

When you first start the software, all settings are in their default state. After you have
changed any parameter, you can restore the default state with the PRESET key.

CONFigure:PRESet on page 131

Elements and layout of the user interface

The user interface of the LTE measurement application is made up of several elements.

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Welcome

Application Overview

1 = Title Bar: shows the currently active measurement application
2 = Table Header: shows basic measurement information, e.g. the frequency
3 = Result Display Header: shows information about the display trace
4 = Result Display Screen A: shows the measurement results
5 = Result Display Screen B: shows the measurement results
6 = Status Bar: shows the measurement progress, software messages and errors
7 = Softkeys: open settings dialogs and select result displays
8 = Hotkeys: control the measurement process (e.g. running a measurement)

The status and title bar

The title bar at the very top of the screen shows the name of the application currently
running.

The status bar is located at the bottom of the display. It shows the current measurement
status and its progress in a running measurement. The status bar also shows warning
and error messages. Error messages are generally highlighted.

Display of measurement settings

The header table above the result displays shows information on hardware and mea­surement settings.

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The header table includes the following information

Freq

●

The analyzer RF frequency.

Mode

●

Link direction, duplexing, cyclic prefix and maximum number of physical resource
blocks (PRBs) / signal bandwidth.

Meas Setup

●

Shows number of transmitting and receiving antennas.

Sync State

●

The following synchronization states may occur:
– OK The synchronization was successful.

– FAIL The synchronization has failed.

SCPI Command:
[SENSe]:SYNC[:STATe]? on page 83

Ext. Att

●

Shows the external attenuation in dB.

Capture Time

●

Shows the capture length in ms.

Welcome

Support

3.3 Support

If you encounter any problems when using the application, you can contact the
Rohde & Schwarz support to get help for the problem.

To make the solution easier, use the "R&S Support" softkey to export useful information
for troubleshooting. The R&S FSQ stores the information in a number of files that are
located in the R&S FSQ directory C:\R_S\Instr\user\LTE\Support. If you contact
Rohde & Schwarz to get help on a certain problem, send these files to the support in
order to identify and solve the problem faster.

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4 Measurement Basics

This chapter provides background information on the measurements and result displays
available with the LTE Analysis Software.

● Symbols and Variables...........................................................................................19

● Overview.................................................................................................................20

● The LTE Uplink Analysis Measurement Application...............................................20

Measurement Basics

Symbols and Variables

4.1 Symbols and Variables

The following chapters use various symbols and variables in the equations that the
measurements are based on. The table below explains these symbols for a better under­standing of the measurement principles.

a

l,kâl,k

A

l,k

Δf, Δ

coarse

Δf

res

ζ

H

l,k, l,k

i time index

î

, î

coarse

fine

k subcarrier index

l SC-FDMA symbol index

N

DS

data symbol (actual, decided)

data symbol after DFT-precoding

carrier frequency offset between transmitter and
receiver (actual, coarse estimate)

residual carrier frequency offset

relative sampling frequency offset

channel transfer function (actual, estimate)

timing estimate (coarse, fine)

number of SC-FDMA data symbols

N

FFT

N

g

N

s

N

TX

N

k,l

length of FFT

number of samples in cyclic prefix (guard interval)

number of Nyquist samples

number of allocated subcarriers

noise sample

n index of modulated QAM symbol before DFT precod-

ing

Φ

l

r

i

R'

k,l

common phase error

received sample in the time domain

uncompensated received sample in the frequency
domain

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Measurement Basics

Overview

r

n,l

T duration of the useful part of an SC-FDMA symbol

T

g

T

s

4.2 Overview

The digital signal processing (DSP) involves several stages until the software can present
results like the EVM.

The contents of this chapter are structered like the DSP.

equalized received symbols of measurement path
after IDFT

duration of the guard interval

total duration of SC-FDMA symbol

4.3 The LTE Uplink Analysis Measurement Application

The block diagram in figure 4-1 shows the general structure of the LTE uplink measure­ment application from the capture buffer containing the I/Q data up to the actual analysis
block.

After synchronization a fully compensated signal is produced in the reference path (pur­ple) which is subsequently passed to the equalizer. An IDFT of the equalized symbols
yields observations for the QAM transmit symbols a

â

are obtained via hard decision. Likewise a user defined compensation as well as

n,l

from which the data estimates

n.l

equalization is carried out in the measurement path (cyan) and after an IDFT the obser­vations of the QAM transmit symbols are provided. Accordingly, the measurement path
might still contain impairments which are compensated in the reference path. The sym­bols of both signal processing paths form the basis for the analysis.

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Measurement Basics

The LTE Uplink Analysis Measurement Application

Fig. 4-1: Block diagram for the LTE UL measurement application

4.3.1 Synchronization

In a first step the areas of sufficient power are identified within the captured I/Q data
stream which consists of the receive samples ri. For each area of sufficient power, the

analyzer synchronizes on subframes of the uplink generic frame structure [3]. After this
coarse timing estimation, the fractional part as well as the integer part of the carrier fre­quency offset (CFO) are estimated and compensated. In order to obtain an OFDM
demodulation via FFT of length N

lished which refines the coarse timing estimate.

A phase tracking based on the reference SC-FDMA symbols is performed in the fre­quency domain. The corresponding tracking estimation block provides estimates for

● the relative sampling frequency offset ζ

● the residual carrier frequency offset Δf

● the common phase error Φ

According to references [7] and [8], the uncompensated samples R'
ded domain can be stated as

that is not corrupted by ISI, a fine timing is estab-

FFT

res

l

in the DFT-preco-

k,l

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R&S®FSQ-K10x (LTE Uplink)

lk

lTfNNjlkNNjj

lklklk

NeeeHAR

CFOres

resFFTS

SFO

FFTS

CPE

l

,

22

,,

'

,

.



 



 



 





















2

,

,,

,

ˆ

~

ln

lnln

kl

aE

ar

EVM

lnlnln

arEVM

,,,

ˆ

~



with

Measurement Basics

The LTE Uplink Analysis Measurement Application

(4 - 1)

the DFT precoded data symbol A

●

the channel transfer function H

●

the number of Nyquist samples NS within the total duration TS,

●

the duration of the useful part of the SC-FDMA symbol T=TS-T

●

the independent and Gaussian distributed noise sample N

●

Within one SC-FDMA symbol, both the CPE and the residual CFO cause the same phase
rotation for each subcarrier, while the rotation due to the SFO depends linearly on the
subcarrier index. A linear phase increase in symbol direction can be observed for the
residual CFO as well as for the SFO.

The results of the tracking estimation block are used to compensate the samples R'
completely in the reference path and according to the user settings in the measurement

path. Thus the signal impairments that are of interest to the user are left uncompensated
in the measurement path.

After having decoded the data symbols in the reference path, an additional data-aided
phase tracking can be utilized to refine the common phase error estimation.

4.3.2 Analysis

The analysis block of the EUTRA/LTE uplink measurement application allows to compute
a variety of measurement variables.

on subcarrier k at SC-FDMA symbol l,

k,l

,

k,l

g

k,l

k,l

EVM

The most important variable is the error vector magnitude which is defined as

(4 - 2)

for QAM symbol n before precoding and SC-FDMA symbol l. Since the normalized aver­age power of all possible constellations is 1, the equation can be simplified to

(4 - 3)

The average EVM of all data subcarriers is then

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 







101

0

2

,

1

LB TX

NlN

n

ln

TXDS

data

EVM

NN

EVM

       

tsjQtsItr 

|1|balancegain modulator Q

}1arg{mismatch quadrature Q

 

 

 

 











S

RB

Tt

Nc

c

RBS

RBabsolute

RBrelative

ftY

NT

Emissions

Emissions

112

2

,

1

for NDS SC-FDMA data symbols and the NTX allocated subcarriers.

I/Q imbalance

The I/Q imbalance contained in the continuous received signal r(t) can be written as

where s(t) is the transmit signal and I and Q are the weighting factors describing the I/Q
imbalance. We define that I:=1 and Q:=1+ΔQ.

The I/Q imbalance estimation makes it possible to evaluate the

Measurement Basics

The LTE Uplink Analysis Measurement Application

(4 - 4)

(4 - 5)

(4 - 6)

and the

(4 - 7)

based on the complex-valued estimate .

Basic in-band emissions measurement

The in-band emissions are a measure of the interference falling into the non-allocated
resources blocks.

The relative in-band emissions are given by

(4 - 8)

where TS is a set |TS| of SC-FDMA symbols with the considered modulation scheme being
active within the measurement period, ΔRB is the starting frequency offset between the
allocated RB and the measured non-allocated RB (e.g. ΔRB=1 or ΔRB=-1 for the first adja­cent RB), c is the lower edge of the allocated BW, and Y(t,f) is the frequency domain

signal evaluated for in-band emissions. NRB is the number of allocated RBs .

The basic in-band emissions measurement interval is defined over one slot in the time
domain.

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Other measurement variables

Without going into detail, the EUTRA/LTE uplink measurement application additionally
provides the following results:

Total power

●

Constellation diagram

●

Group delay

●

I/Q offset

●

Crest factor

●

Spectral flatness

●

Measurement Basics

The LTE Uplink Analysis Measurement Application

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5 Measurements and Result Displays

The LTE measurement application features several measurements to examine and ana­lyze different aspects of an LTE signal.

The source of the data that is processed is either a live signal or a previously recorded
signal whose characteristics have been saved to a file. For more information see "Select-

ing the Input Source" on page 50.

● Numerical Results...................................................................................................25

● Measuring the Power Over Time............................................................................27

● Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)........................................................28

● Measuring the Spectrum.........................................................................................30

● Measuring the Symbol Constellation.......................................................................36

● Measuring Statistics................................................................................................37

Measurements and Result Displays

Numerical Results

5.1 Numerical Results

Result Summary............................................................................................................25

Result Summary

The Result Summary shows all relevant measurement results in numerical form, com­bined in one table.

▶ Press the "Display (List Graph)" softkey so that the "List" element turns green to view
the Result Summary.

SCPI command:

DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TABLe on page 80

Contents of the result summary

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The table is split in two parts. The first part shows results that refer to the complete frame.
It also indicates limit check results where available. The font of 'Pass' results is green and
that of 'Fail' results is red.

In addition to the red font, the application also puts a red star (
results.

EVM PUSCH QPSK

●

Shows the EVM for all QPSK-modulated resource elements of the PUSCH channel
in the analyzed frame.
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:USQP[:AVERage]? on page 88

EVM PUSCH 16QAM

●

Shows the EVM for all 16QAM-modulated resource elements of the PUSCH channel
in the analyzed frame.
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:USST[:AVERage]? on page 88

EVM DRMS PUSCH QPSK

●

Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with QPSK modulation of the PUSCH
in the analyzed frame.
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:SDQP[:AVERage]? on page 87

EVM DRMS PUSCH 16QAM

●

Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with 16QAM modulation of the
PUSCH in the analyzed frame.
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:SDST[:AVERage]? on page 87

Measurements and Result Displays

Numerical Results

) in front of failed

By default, all EVM results are in %. To view the EVM results in dB, change the EVM

Unit.

The second part of the table shows results that refer to a specifc selection of the frame.

The statistic is always evaluated over the slots.

The header row of the table contains information about the selection you have made (like
the subframe).

EVM All

●

Shows the EVM for all resource elements in the analyzed frame.
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:AVERage]? on page 86

EVM Phys Channel

●

Shows the EVM for all physical channel resource elements in the analyzed frame.
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel[:AVERage]? on page 86

EVM Phys Signal

●

Shows the EVM for all physical signal resource elements in the analyzed frame.
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PSIGnal[:AVERage]? on page 86

Frequency Error

●

Shows the difference in the measured center frequency and the reference center
frequency.
FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor[:AVERage]? on page 88

Sampling Error

●

Shows the difference in measured symbol clock and reference symbol clock relative
to the system sampling rate.
FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]? on page 90

I/Q Offset

●

Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power.
FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:AVERage]? on page 89

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I/Q Gain Imbalance

●

Shows the logarithm of the gain ratio of the Q-channel to the I-channel.
FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:AVERage]? on page 89

I/Q Quadrature Error

●

Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q-channel and I-channel deviating
from the ideal 90 degrees.
FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror[:AVERage]? on page 90

Power

●

Shows the average time domain power of the analyzed signal.
FETCh:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]? on page 89

Crest Factor

●

Shows the peak-to-average power ratio of captured signal.
FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]? on page 85

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Power Over Time

5.2 Measuring the Power Over Time

This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the power of a signal
over time.

Capture Buffer...............................................................................................................27

Capture Buffer

The capture buffer result display shows the complete range of captured data for the last
data capture. The x-axis represents the time scale. The maximum value of the x-axis is
equal to the capture length that you can set in the General Settings dialog box. The y­axis represents the amplitude of the captured I/Q data in dBm (for RF input).

Fig. 5-1: Capture buffer without zoom

The header of the diagram shows the reference level, the mechanical and electrical
attenuation and the trace mode.

The green bar at the bottom of the diagram represents the frame that is currently ana­lyzed.

A blue vertical line at the beginning of the green bar in the Capture Buffer display marks
the subframe start. Additionally, the diagram includes the Subframe Start Offset value
(blue text). This value is the time difference between the subframe start and capture buffer
start.

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When you zoom into the diagram, you will see that the bar may be interrupted at certain
positions. Each small bar indicates the useful parts of the OFDM symbol.

Fig. 5-2: Capture buffer after a zoom has been applied

SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'PVT:CBUF'
TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

5.3 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the error vector mag­nitude (EVM) of a signal.

The EVM is one of the most important indicators for the quality of a signal. For more
information on EVM calculation methods refer to chapter 4, "Measurement Basics",
on page 19.

EVM vs Carrier..............................................................................................................28

EVM vs Symbol.............................................................................................................29

EVM vs Subframe.........................................................................................................30

EVM vs Carrier

Starts the EVM vs Carrier result display.

This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of the subcarriers. With the
help of a marker, you can use it as a debugging technique to identify any subcarriers
whose EVM is too high.

The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the OFDM symbols
used by the subcarriers. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each analyzed
slot in the capture buffer.

If you analyze all slots, the result display contains three traces.

Average EVM

●

This trace shows the subcarrier EVM averaged over all slots.
Minimum EVM

●

This trace shows the lowest (average) subcarrier EVM that has been found over the
analyzed slots.
Maximum EVM

●

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This trace shows the highest (average) subcarrier EVM that has been found over the
analyzed slots.

If you select and analyze one slot only, the result display contains one trace that shows
the subcarrier EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that
case are the same. For more information see "Subframe Selection" on page 68

The x-axis represents the center frequencies of the subcarriers. On the y-axis, the EVM
is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'EVM:EVCA'
TRACe:DATA?

EVM vs Symbol

Starts the EVM vs Symbol result display.

This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of the OFDM symbols. You
can use it as a debugging technique to identify any symbols whose EVM is too high.

The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over all subcarriers that are
part of a particular OFDM symbol. This average OFDM symbol EVM is determined for
each analyzed slot.

If you analyze all subframes, the result display contains three traces.

Average EVM

●

This trace shows the OFDM symbol EVM averaged over all slots.
Minimum EVM

●

This trace shows the lowest (average) OFDM symbol EVM that has been found over
the analyzed slots.
Maximum EVM

●

This trace shows the highest (average) OFDM symbol EVM that has been found over
the analyzed slots.

If you select and analyze one slot only, the result display contains one trace that shows
the OFDM symbol EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that
case are the same. For more information see "Subframe Selection" on page 68

The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols, with each symbol represented by a dot on the
line. The number of displayed symbols depends on the Subframe Selection and the
length of the cyclic prefix. Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that
the R&S FSQ could not determine the EVM for that symbol. In case of TDD signals, the
result display does not show OFDM symbols that are not part of the measured link direc­tion.

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On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit

SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'EVM:EVSY'
TRACe:DATA?

EVM vs Subframe

Starts the EVM vs Subframe result display.

This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) for each subframe. You can
use it as a debugging technique to identify a subframe whose EVM is too high.

The result is an average over all subcarriers and symbols of a specific subframe.

The x-axis represents the subframes, with the number of displayed subframes being 10.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'EVM:EVSU'
TRACe:DATA?

5.4 Measuring the Spectrum

This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the power of a signal
in the frequency domain.

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In addition to the I/Q measurements, spectrum measurements also include two frequency
sweep measurements, the Spectrum Emission Mask and the Adjacent Channel Leakage
Ratio.

● Frequency Sweep Measurements..........................................................................31

● I/Q Measurements...................................................................................................34

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

5.4.1 Frequency Sweep Measurements

The Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) and Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)
measurements are the only frequency sweep measurements available for the LTE mea­surement application. They do not use the I/Q data all other measurements use. Instead
those measurements sweep the frequency spectrum every time you run a new mea­surement. Therefore it is not possible to to run an I/Q measurement and then view the
results in the frequency sweep measurements and vice-versa. Also because each of the
frequency sweep measurements uses different settings to obtain signal data it is not
possible to run a frequency sweep measurement and view the results in another fre­quency sweep measurement.

Frequency sweep measurements are available if RF input is selected.

5.4.1.1 Available Measurements

Spectrum Mask.............................................................................................................31

ACLR.............................................................................................................................32

Spectrum Mask

Starts the Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) result display.

The Spectrum Emission Mask measurement shows the quality of the measured signal
by comparing the power values in the frequency range near the carrier against a spectral
mask that is defined by the 3GPP specifications. In this way, you can test the performance
of the DUT and identify the emissions and their distance to the limit.

In the diagram, the SEM is represented by a red line. If any measured power levels are
above that limit line, the test fails. If all power levels are inside the specified limits, the
test is passed. The R&S FSQ puts a label to the limit line to indicate whether the limit
check passed or failed.

The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified
EUTRA/LTE channel bandwidths. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm.

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A table above the result display contains the numerical values for the limit check at each
check point:

Start / Stop Freq Rel

●

Shows the start and stop frequency of each section of the Spectrum Mask relative to
the center frequency.

RBW

●

Shows the resolution bandwidth of each section of the Spectrum Mask

● Freq at Δ to Limit

Shows the absolute frequency whose power measurement being closest to the limit
line for the corresponding frequency segment.

Power Abs

●

Shows the absolute measured power of the frequency whose power is closest to the
limit. The application evaluates this value for each frequency segment.

Power Rel

●

Shows the distance from the measured power to the limit line at the frequency whose
power is closest to the limit. The application evaluates this value for each frequency
segment.

● Δ to Limit

Shows the minimal distance of the tolerance limit to the SEM trace for the corre­sponding frequency segment. Negative distances indicate the trace is below the tol­erance limit, positive distances indicate the trace is above the tolerance limit.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:SEM'
TRACe:DATA?

ACLR

Starts the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) measurement.

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The Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio measures the power of the TX channel and the
power of adjacent and alternate channels to the left and right side of the TX channel. In
this way, you can get information about the power of the channels adjacent to the trans­mission channel and the leakage into adjacent channels.

The results show the relative power measured in the two nearest channels either side of
the transmission channel.

By default the ACLR settings are derived from the LTE Channel Bandwidth. You can
change the assumed adjacent channel carrier type and the "Noise Correction"
on page 48.

The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified
EUTRA/LTE channel and adjacent bandwidths. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in
dBm.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

A table above the result display contains information about the measurement in numerical
form:

Channel

●

Shows the channel type (TX, Adjacent or Alternate Channel).

Bandwidth

●

Shows the bandwidth of the channel.

Spacing

●

Shows the channel spacing.

Lower / Upper

●

Shows the relative power of the lower and upper adjacent and alternate channels

Limit

●

Shows the limit of that channel, if one is defined.

SCPI command:
Selection:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:ACP'

Reading results:

CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer:RESult[:CURRent]?

on page 101

TRACe:DATA?

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Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

5.4.2 I/Q Measurements

Power Spectrum............................................................................................................34

Inband Emission............................................................................................................34

Channel Flatness..........................................................................................................35

Channel Group Delay....................................................................................................35

Channel Flatness Difference.........................................................................................36

Power Spectrum

Starts the Power Spectrum result display.

This result display shows the power density of the complete capture buffer in dBm/Hz.
The displayed bandwidth depends on bandwidth or number of resource blocks you have
set.

For more information see "Channel Bandwidth / Number of Resource Blocks"
on page 42.

The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis the power level is plotted.

SCPI command:

CALCulate<screenid>:FEED 'SPEC:PSPE'
TRACe:DATA?

Inband Emission

Starts the Inband Emission result display.

This result display shows the relative power of the unused resource blocks (yellow trace)
and the inband emission limit lines (red trace) specified by the LTE standard document
3GPP TS36.101.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected
subframe. The currently selected subframe depends on your selection.

Note that you have to select a specific subframe and slot to get valid measurement
results.

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SCPI command:

CALCulate<screenid>:FEED 'SPEC:IE'
TRACe:DATA?

Channel Flatness

Starts the Channel Flatness result display.

This result display shows the relative power offset caused by the transmit channel.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected
subframe.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

The currently selected subframe depends on your selection.

The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the channel flatness is plotted in dB.

SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:FLAT'
TRACe:DATA?

Channel Group Delay

Starts the Channel Group Delay result display.

This result display shows the group delay of each subcarrier.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected
subframe.

The currently selected subframe depends on your selection.

The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the group delay is plotted in ns.

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SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:GDEL'
TRACe:DATA?

Channel Flatness Difference

Starts the Channel Flatness Difference result display.

This result display shows the level difference in the spectrum flatness result between two
adjacent physical subcarriers.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected
subframe.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Symbol Constellation

The currently selected subframe depends on your selection.

The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dB.

SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:FDIF'
TRACe:DATA?

5.5 Measuring the Symbol Constellation

This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the constellation of a
signal.

Constellation Diagram...................................................................................................37

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R&S®FSQ-K10x (LTE Uplink)

Constellation Diagram

Starts the Constellation Diagram result display.

This result display shows the inphase and quadrature phase results and is an indicator
of the quality of the modulation of the signal. The result display evaluates the full range
of the measured input data. You can filter the results in the Constellation Selection dialog
box.

The ideal points for the selected modulation scheme are displayed for reference purpo­ses.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring Statistics

SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'CONS:CONS'
TRACe:DATA?

5.6 Measuring Statistics

This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the statistics of a signal.

CCDF............................................................................................................................37

Allocation Summary......................................................................................................38

Bit Stream.....................................................................................................................39

CCDF

Starts the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) result display.

This result display shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean power. For
the measurement, the complete capture buffer is used.

The x-axis represents the power relative to the measured mean power. On the y-axis,
the probability is plotted in %.

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SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'STAT:CCDF'
TRACe:DATA?

Allocation Summary

Starts the Allocation Summary result display.

This result display shows the results of the measured allocations in tabular form.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring Statistics

The rows in the table represent the allocations. A set of allocations form a subframe. The
subframes are separated by a dashed line. The columns of the table contain the follwing
information:

Subframe

●

Shows the subframe number.

Allocation ID

●

Shows the type / ID of the allocation.

Number of RB

●

Shows the number of resource blocks assigned to the current PDSCH allocation.

Offset RB

●

Shows the resource block offset of the allocation.

Modulation

●

Shows the modulation type.

Power

●

Shows the power of the allocation in dBm.

EVM

●

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Shows the EVM of the allocation. The unit depends on your selection.

SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'STAT:ASUM'
TRACe:DATA?

Bit Stream

Starts the Bit Stream result display.

This result display shows the demodulated data stream for each data allocation. Depend­ing on the Bit Stream Format, the numbers represent either bits (bit order) or symbols
(symbol order).

Selecting symbol format shows the bit stream as symbols. In that case the bits belonging
to one symbol are shown as hexadecimal numbers with two digits. In the case of bit
format, each number represents one raw bit.

Symbols or bits that are not transmitted are represented by a "-".

If a symbol could not be decoded because the number of layers exceeds the number of
receive antennas, the application shows a "#" sign.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring Statistics

The table contains the following information:

Subframe

●

Number of the subframe the bits belong to.

Allocation ID

●

Channel the bits belong to.

Codeword

●

Code word of the allocation.

Modulation

●

Modulation type of the channels.

Symbol/Bit Index

●

Bit Stream

●

The actual bit stream.

SCPI command:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'STAT:BSTR'
TRACe:DATA?

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6 Configuring and Performing the Measure-

ment

Before you can start a measurement, you have to configure the R&S FSQ in order to get
valid measurement results. This chapter contains detailed information on all settings
available in the application.

You can access the two main settings dialog boxes via the "Settings (Gen Demod)" soft­key. Pressing the softkey once opens the "General Settings" dialog box. The "Gen" label
in the softkey turns green to indicate an active "General Settings" dialog box. Pressing
the softkey again opens the "Demod Settings" dialog box. When the "Demod Settings"
dialog box is active, the "Demod" label in the softkey turns green.

In the "General Settings" dialog box, you can set all parameters that are related to the
overall measurement. The dialog box is made up of three tabs, one for general settings,
one for MIMO settings and one for advanced settings. By default, the "General" tab is the
active one.

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Performing Measurements

In the "Demod Settings" dialog box you can set up the measurement in detail, e.g. the
demodulation configuration. The dialog box is made up of three tabs, one for configuring
the signal configuration, one for setting up the frame configuration and one for configuring
the control channels and miscellaneous settings. By default, the "DL Demod" tab is the
active one.

You can switch between the tabs with the cursor keys.

● Performing Measurements......................................................................................40

● General Settings.....................................................................................................41

● Configuring Spectrum Measurements.....................................................................47

● Advanced General Settings....................................................................................49

● Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation.................................................................53

● Configuring Uplink Frames......................................................................................56

● Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics..............................................................59

6.1 Performing Measurements

The sweep menu contains functions that control the way the R&S FSQ performs a mea­surement.

Single Sweep and Continuous Sweep

In continuous sweep mode, the R&S FSQ continuously captures data, performs meas­urements and updates the result display according to the trigger settings.

To activate single sweep mode, press the "Run Single" softkey. In single sweep mode,
the R&S FSQ captures data, performs the measurement and updates the result display
exactly once after the trigger event. After this process, the R&S FSQ interrupts the mea­surement.

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You can always switch back to continuous sweep mode with the "Run Cont" softkey.

SCPI command:
INITiate:CONTinuous on page 82

Auto Level

The "Auto Level" softkey initiates a process that sets an ideal reference level for the
current measurement.

For more information see "Defining a Reference Level" on page 43.

SCPI command:
[SENSe]:POWer:AUTO<analyzer>[:STATe] on page 106

Refresh

Updates the current result display in single sweep mode without capturing I/Q data again.

If you have changed any settings after a single sweep and use the Refresh function, the
R&S FSQ updates the current measurement results with respect to the new settings. It
does not capture I/Q data again but uses the data captured last.

SCPI command:
INITiate:REFResh on page 83

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

General Settings

6.2 General Settings

6.2.1 Defining Signal Characteristics

The general signal characteristics contain settings to describe the general physical attrib­utes of the signal.

The signal characteristics are part of the "General" tab of the "General Settings" dialog
box.

Selecting the LTE Mode................................................................................................41

Defining the Signal Frequency......................................................................................42

Channel Bandwidth / Number of Resource Blocks.......................................................42

Cyclic Prefix..................................................................................................................43

Selecting the LTE Mode

The standard defines the LTE mode you are testing.

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The choices you have depend on the configuration of the R&S FSQ.

option FSx-K100(PC) enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the downlink

●

option FSx-K101(PC) enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the uplink

●

option FSx-K102(PC) enables testing of 3GPP LTE MIMO signals on the downlink

●

option FSx-K104(PC) enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the downlink

●

option FSx-K105(PC) enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the uplink

●

FDD and TDD are duplexing methods.

FDD mode uses different frequencies for the uplink and the downlink.

●

TDD mode uses the same frequency for the uplink and the downlink.

●

Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) describe the transmission path.

Downlink is the transmission path from the base station to the user equipment. The

●

physical layer mode for the downlink is always OFDMA.
Uplink is the transmission path from the user equipment to the base station. The

●

physical layer mode for the uplink is always SC-FDMA.

SCPI command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:LDIRection on page 102
CONFigure[:LTE]:DUPLexing on page 102

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

General Settings

Defining the Signal Frequency

For measurements with an RF input source, you have to match the center frequency of
the analyzer to the frequency of the signal.

The available frequency range depends on the hardware configuration of the analyzer
you are using.

The frequency setting is available for the RF input source.

SCPI command:
Center frequency:
[SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer on page 103

Channel Bandwidth / Number of Resource Blocks

Specifies the channel bandwidth and the number of resource blocks (RB).

The channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks (RB) are interdependent. If you
enter one, the R&S FSQ automatically calculates and adjusts the other.

Currently, the LTE standard recommends six bandwidths (see table below).

If you enter a value different to those recommended by the standard, the R&S FSQ labels
the parameter as "User", but still does the calculations.

The R&S FSQ also calculates the FFT size and sampling rate from the channel band­width. Those are read only.

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SCPI command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:BW on page 103
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:NORB on page 103

Cyclic Prefix

The cyclic prefix serves as a guard interval between OFDM symbols to avoid interferen­ces. The standard specifies two cyclic prefix modes with a different length each.

The cyclic prefix mode defines the number of OFDM symbols in a slot.

Normal

●

A slot contains 7 OFDM symbols.
Extended

●

A slot contains 6 OFDM symbols.
The extended cyclic prefix is able to cover larger cell sizes with higher delay spread
of the radio channel.
Auto

●

The application automatically detects the cyclic prefix mode in use.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:CYCPrefix on page 103

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

General Settings

6.2.2 Configuring the Input Level

The level settings contain settings that control the input level of the analyzer.

The level settings are part of the "General" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Defining a Reference Level...........................................................................................43

Attenuating the Signal...................................................................................................44

Defining a Reference Level

The reference level is the power level the R&S FSQ expects at the RF input. Keep in
mind that the power level at the RF input is the peak envelope power in case of signals
with a high crest factor like LTE.

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To get the best dynamic range, you have to set the reference level as low as possible.
At the same time, make sure that the maximum signal level does not exceed the reference
level. If it does, it will overload the A/D converter, regardless of the signal power. Mea­surement results may deteriorate (e.g. EVM). This applies especially for measurements
with more than one active channel near the one you are trying to measure (± 6 MHz).

Note that the signal level at the A/D converter may be stronger than the level the appli­cation displays, depending on the current resolution bandwidth. This is because the res­olution bandwidths are implemented digitally after the A/D converter.

You can either specify the RF Reference Level (in dBm) or Baseband Reference
Level (in V), depending on the input source.

You can also use automatic detection of the reference level with the "Auto Level" func­tion.

If active, the application measures and sets the reference level to its ideal value before
each sweep. This process slightly increases the measurement time. You can define the
measurement time of that measurement with the Auto Level Track Time.

Automatic level detection also optimizes RF attenuation.

SCPI command:
Manual (RF):
CONFigure:POWer:EXPected:RF<analyzer> on page 104
Manual (BB):
CONFigure:POWer:EXPected:IQ<analyzer> on page 104
Automatic:
[SENSe]:POWer:AUTO<analyzer>[:STATe] on page 106
Auto Level Track Time:
[SENSe]:POWer:AUTO<analyzer>:TIME on page 106

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

General Settings

Attenuating the Signal

Attenuation of the signal may become necessary if you have to reduce the power of the
signal that you have applied. Power reduction is necessary, for example, to prevent an
overload of the input mixer.

The LTE application provides several attenuation modes.

External attenuation is always available. It controls an external attenuator if you are

●

using one.
Mechanical (or RF) attenuation is always available. The mechanical attenuator con-

●

trols attenuation at the RF input.
Mechanical attenuation is available in the "Advanced" tab of the "General Settings"
dialog box.

● If you have equipped your R&S FSQ with option R&S FSQ-B25, it also provides

electronic attenuation. Note that the frequency range may not exceed the specifi­cation of the electronic attenuator for it to work.
Electronic attenuation is available in the "Advanced" tab of the "General Settings"
dialog box.

Positive values correspond to an attenuation and negative values correspond to an
amplification.

RF attenuation is independent of the reference level. It is available if automatic reference
level detection is inactive. The range is from 0 dB to 75 dB.

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The process of configuring the electronic attenuator consists of three steps.

Selecting the mode

●

You can select either manual or automatic control of the electronic attenuator.
Selecting the state

●

Turns the electronic attenuator on and off.
Setting the attenuation level

●

Sets the degree of electronic attenuation.

If you have selected automatic attenuation, the R&S FSQ automatically calculates the
electronic attenuation. State and degree of attenuation are not available in that case.

If you turn the electronic attenuator off, the degree of attenuation is not available.

SCPI command:
RF attenuation:
INPut<n>:ATTenuation<analyzer> on page 105
External attenuation:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:OFFSet on page 104
Electronic attenuation:

INPut<n>:EATT:STATe on page 105
INPut<n>:EATT:AUTO on page 105
INPut<n>:EATT on page 105

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

General Settings

6.2.3 Configuring the Data Capture

The data capture settings contain settings that control the amount of data and the way
that the application records the LTE signal.

The data capture settings are part of the "General" tab of the "General Settings" dialog
box.

Capture Time................................................................................................................45

Overall Frame Count.....................................................................................................46

Number of Frames to Analyze......................................................................................46

Auto According to Standard..........................................................................................46

Capture Time

Defines the capture time.

The capture time corresponds to the time of one sweep. Hence, it defines the amount of
data the application captures during one sweep.

By default, the application captures 20.1 ms of data to make sure that at least one com­plete LTE frame is captured in one sweep.

SCPI command:
[SENSe]:SWEep:TIME on page 107

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Overall Frame Count

Turns the manual selection of the number of frames to capture (and analyze) on and off.

If the overall frame count is active, you can define a particular number of frames to capture
and analyze. The measurement runs until all required frames have been analyzed, even
if it takes more than one sweep. The results are an average of the captured frames.

If the overall frame count is inactive, the R&S FSQ analyzes all complete LTE frames
currently in the capture buffer.

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:FRAMe:COUNt:STATe on page 107

Number of Frames to Analyze

Sets the number of frames that you want to capture and analyze.

If the number of frames you have set last longer than a single sweep, the R&S FSQ
continues the measurement until all frames have been captured.

The parameter is read only if

the overall frame count is inactive,

●

● the data is captured according to the standard.

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:FRAMe:COUNt on page 106

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

General Settings

Auto According to Standard

Turns automatic selection of the number of frames to capture and analyze on and off.

If active, the R&S FSQ evaluates the number of frames as defined for EVM tests in the
LTE standard.

If inactive, you can set the number of frames you want to analyze.

This parameter is not available if the overall frame count is inactive.

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:FRAMe:COUNt:AUTO on page 107

6.2.4 Triggering Measurements

The trigger settings contain settings that control triggered measurements.

The trigger settings are part of the "Trigger" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

For more information also see Auto Gating in the "Spectrum" tab of the "General Set­tings" dialog box.

Configuring the Trigger.................................................................................................47

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Configuring the Trigger

A trigger allows you to capture those parts of the signal that you are really interested in.

While the R&S FSQ runs freely and analyzes all signal data in its default state, no matter
if the signal contains information or not, a trigger initiates a measurement only under
certain circumstances (the trigger event).

The R&S FSQ supports several trigger modes or sources.

Free Run

●

Starts the measurement immediately and measures continuously.
External

●

The trigger event is the level of an external trigger signal. The measurement starts
when this signal meets or exceeds a specified trigger level at the "Ext Trigger/Gate"
input.
IF Power

●

The trigger event is the IF power level. The measurement starts when the IF power
meets or exceeds a specified power trigger level.

You can define a power level for an external and an IF power trigger.

The name and contents of the Power Level field depend on the selected trigger mode. It
is available only in combination with the corresponding trigger mode.

The measurement starts as soon as the trigger event happens. It may become necessary
to start the measurement some time after the trigger event. In that case, define a trigger
offset (or trigger delay). The trigger offset is the time that should pass between the trigger
event and the start of the measurement.

The trigger offset may be a negative time. The trigger offset is then called a pretrigger.

The trigger offset is available for all trigger modes, except free run.

SCPI command:
Trigger mode:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:MODE on page 109
Trigger level:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel<analyzer>:POWer on page 109
Trigger offset:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff<analyzer> on page 108

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Configuring Spectrum Measurements

6.3 Configuring Spectrum Measurements

The Spectrum settings contain parameters to configure spectrum measurements (ACLR
and SEM) in particular.

6.3.1 Configuring SEM Measurements

The SEM settings are part of the "Spectrum" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

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Category........................................................................................................................48

Category

Selects the limit definitions for SEM measurements.

Category A and B are defined in ITU-R recommendation SM.329. The category you
should use for the measurement depends on the category that the base station you are
testing supports.

SCPI command:
[SENSe]:POWer:SEM:CATegory on page 82

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Configuring Spectrum Measurements

6.3.2 Configuring ACLR Measurements

The ACLR settings are part of the "Spectrum" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier..............................................................................48

Noise Correction...........................................................................................................48

Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier

Selects the assumed adjacent channel carrier for the ACLR measurement.

The supported types are EUTRA of same bandwidth, 1.28 Mcps UTRA, 3.84 Mcps UTRA
and 7.68 Mcps UTRA.

Note that not all combinations of LTE Channel Bandwidth settings and Assumed Adj.
Channel Carrier settings are defined in the 3GPP standard.

SCPI command:
[SENSe]:POWer:ACHannel:AACHannel on page 81

Noise Correction

Turns noise correction on and off.

For more information see the manual of the R&S FSQ.

Note that the input attenuator makes a clicking noise after each sweep if you are using
the noise correction in combination with the auto leveling process.

SCPI command:
[SENSe]:POWer:NCORrection on page 81

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Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Advanced General Settings

6.3.3 Configuring Gated Measurements

The gate settings settings are part of the "Spectrum" tab of the "General Settings" dialog
box.

Auto Gating...................................................................................................................49

Auto Gating

Turns gating for SEM and ACLR measurements on and off.

If on, the software evaluates the on-periods of an LTE TDD signal only. The software
determines the location and length of the on-period from the "TDD UL/DL Allocations"
and the "Configuration of the Special Subframe".

Auto gating is available for TDD measurements in combination with an external or IF
power trigger.

If you are using an external trigger, the DUT has to send an LTE frame trigger.

SCPI command:
[SENSe]:SWEep:EGATe:AUTO on page 82

6.4 Advanced General Settings

The "Advanced" settings contain parameters to configure more complex measurement
setups.

6.4.1 Controlling I/Q Data

The I/Q settings contain settings that control the I/Q data flow.

The I/Q settings are part of the "Advanced Settings" tab of the "General Settings" dialog
box.

Swap I/Q.......................................................................................................................49

Swap I/Q

Swaps the real (I branch) and the imaginary (Q branch) parts of the signal.

SCPI command:
[SENSe]:SWAPiq on page 109

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Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Advanced General Settings

6.4.2 Controlling the Input

The input settings contain settings that control the input source.

The input settings are part of the "Advanced Settings" tab of the "General Settings" dialog
box.

For more information on reference level see "Defining a Reference Level" on page 43.

For more information on signal attenuation see "Attenuating the Signal" on page 44.

Selecting the Input Source............................................................................................50

Yig Filter........................................................................................................................50

High Dynamic................................................................................................................51

Selecting the Input Source

The input source selects the source of the data you'd like to analyze. You can either
analyze a live signal or a signal that has been recorded previously and whose charac­teristics have been saved to a file.

You can select the input source from the "Source" dropdown menu.

RF

●

Captures and analyzes the data from the RF input of the spectrum analyzer in use.
Baseband (BB)

●

Captures and analyzes the data from the baseband input of the spectrum analyzer
in use.
The analog baseband input is available with option R&S FSQ-B71.
Digital I/Q

●

Captures and analyzes the data from the digital baseband input of the spectrum ana­lyzer in use.
The digital baseband input is available with option R&S FSQ-B17.

For more information on using hardware options R&S FSQ-B17 and -B71 see the manual
of the R&S FSQ.

SCPI command:
INPut:SELect on page 110

Yig Filter

Configures the YIG filter.

If you want to measure broadband signals, you can configure the YIG filter for a greater
bandwidth.

The process of configuring the YIG filter consist of two steps.

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Selecting the mode

●

You can select either manual or automatic control of the YIG filter.

Selecting the state

●

Turns the YIG filter on and off.
If inactive, you can use the maximum bandwidth. However, image frequency rejection
is no longer ensured.

If you have selected automatic YIG filter control, the R&S FSQ automatically resolves
whether to use the YIG filter or not. Manual selection of the YIG filter state is not available
in that case.

Note that the R&S FSQ uses the YIG filter only for frequencies greater than 3.6 GHz. If
the frequency is smaller, these settings have no effect.

SCPI command:

INPut<n>:FILTer:YIG[:STATe] on page 110
INPut<n>:FILTer:YIG:AUTO on page 110

High Dynamic

Turns the bypass of the bandwidth extension R&S FSQ-B72 on and off if you are using
a wideband filter. The signal instead passes through the normal signal path.

If active, high dynamic results in a higher resolution because the normal signal path uses
a 14-bit ADC. However, all signals to the left or right of the spectrum of interest are folded
into the spectrum itself.

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Advanced General Settings

The high dynamic functionality is available only if R&S FSQ-B72 is installed and the
sample rate is in the range from 20.4 MHz to 40.8 MHz.

SCPI command:
TRACe:IQ:FILTer:FLATness on page 111

6.4.3 Configuring the Baseband Input

The baseband settings contain settings that configure the baseband input.

The baseband settings are part of the "Advanced Settings" tab of the "General Set­tings" dialog box.

I/Q Input........................................................................................................................52

I/Q Path.........................................................................................................................52

Balanced.......................................................................................................................52

Low Pass.......................................................................................................................52

Dither.............................................................................................................................52

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I/Q Input

Selects the impedance of the baseband inputs.

Depending on the configuration of the baseband input, you can select an impedance of
50 Ω and 1 k Ω or 1 M Ω.

The I/Q input is available only if you have selected a baseband input source.

SCPI command:
INPut:IQ:IMPedance on page 111

I/Q Path

Selects the input path for baseband inputs.

You can either select a single input (I or Q) or a dual input (I and Q).

If you are using single input, swapping the I and Q branches becomes unavailable.

The I/Q path selection is available only if you have selected a baseband input source.

SCPI command:
INPut:IQ:TYPE on page 112

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Advanced General Settings

Balanced

Turns symmetric (or balanced) input on and off.

If active, a ground connection is not necessary. If you are using an assymetrical (unbal­anced) setup, the ground connection runs through the shield of the coaxial cable that is
used to connect the DUT

Balancing is available for a baseband input source.

SCPI command:
INPut:IQ:BALanced[:STATe] on page 111

Low Pass

Turns an anti-aliasing low pass filter on and off.

The filter has a cut-off frequency of 36 MHz and prevents frequencies above from being
mixed into the usable frequency range. Note that if you turn the filter off, harmonics or
spurious emissions of the DUT might be in the frequency range above 36 MHz and might
be missed.

You can turn it off for measurement bandwidths greater than 30 MHz.

The low pass filter is available for a baseband input source.

SCPI command:
[SENSe]:IQ:LPASs[:STATe] on page 112

Dither

Adds a noise signal into the signal path of the baseband input.

Dithering improves the linearity of the A/D converter at low signal levels or low modulation.
Improving the linearity also improves the accuracy of the displayed signal levels.

The signal has a bandwidth of 2 MHz with a center frequency of 38.93 MHz.

Dithering is available for a baseband input source.

SCPI command:
[SENSe]:IQ:DITHer[:STATe] on page 112

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Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation

6.4.4 Configuring the Digital I/Q Input

The digital I/Q settings contain settings that configure the digital I/Q input.

The digital I/Q settings are part of the "Advanced Settings" tab of the "General Set­tings" dialog box.

Sampling Rate (Input Data Rate)..................................................................................53

Full Scale Level.............................................................................................................53

Sampling Rate (Input Data Rate)

Defines the data sample rate at the digital baseband input.

The sample rate is available for a digital baseband input source.

SCPI command:
INPut<n>:DIQ:SRATe on page 112

Full Scale Level

Defines the voltage corresponding to the maximum input value of the digital baseband
input.

SCPI command:
INPut<n>:DIQ:RANGe[:UPPer] on page 113

6.5 Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation

The uplink demodulation settings contain settings that describe the signal processing and
the way the signal is measured.

You can find the demodulation settings in the "Demod Settings" dialog box.

6.5.1 Configuring the Data Analysis

The data analysis settings contain setting that control the data analysis.

The data analysis settings are part of the "Uplink Demodulation Settings" tab of the
"Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

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Channel Estimation Range...........................................................................................54

Compensate DC Offset.................................................................................................54

Scrambling of Coded Bits..............................................................................................54

Auto Demodulation........................................................................................................54

Suppressed Interference Synchronization....................................................................55

Channel Estimation Range

Selects the method for channel estimation.

Choose whether to use only the pilot symbols to perform channel estimation or both pilot
and payload carriers.

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:CESTimation on page 114

Compensate DC Offset

Activates or deactivates DC offset compensation when calculating measurement results.

According to 3GPP TS 36.101 (Annex F.4), the R&S FSQ removes the carrier leakage
(I/Q origin offset) from the evaluated signal before it calculates the EVM and in-band
emissions.

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:CDCoffset on page 114

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation

Scrambling of Coded Bits

Turns the scrambling of coded bits for the PUSCH on and off.

The scrambling of coded bits affects the bitstream results.

Fig. 6-1: Source for bitstream results if scrambling for coded bits is on and off

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:CBSCrambling on page 113

Auto Demodulation

Turns automatic demodulation on and off.

If active, the R&S FSQ automatically detects the resource allocation of the signal.

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Automatic demodulation is not available if the suppressed interference synchronization
is active.

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:AUTO on page 113

Suppressed Interference Synchronization

Turns suppressed interference synchronization on and off.

If active, the synchronization on signals containing more than one user equipment (UE)
is more robust. Additionally, the EVM is lower in case the UEs have different frequency
offsets. Note that Auto Demodulation is not supported in this synchronization mode and
the EVM may be higher in case only one UE is present in the signal.

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:SISYnc on page 114

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation

6.5.2 Compensating Measurement Errors

The tracking settings contain settings that compensate for various common measure­ment errors that may occur.

The tracking settings are part of the "Uplink Demodulation Settings" tab of the "Demod­ulation Settings" dialog box.

Phase............................................................................................................................55

Timing...........................................................................................................................55

Phase

Specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for common
phase error. When phase compensation is used, the measurement results will be com­pensated for phase error on a per-symbol basis.

"Off"

"Pilot Only"

"Pilot and Pay­load"

Phase tracking is not applied.

Only the reference signal is used for the estimation of the phase error.

Both reference signal and payload resource elements are used for the
estimation of the phase error.

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:TRACking:PHASe on page 114

Timing

Specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for timing
error. When timing compensation is used, the measurement results will be compensated
for timing error on a per-symbol basis.

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:TRACking:TIME on page 115

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Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Configuring Uplink Frames

6.6 Configuring Uplink Frames

The frame configuration contains settings that define the structure of the uplink LTE sig­nal.

You can find the frame structure in the "Demod Settings" dialog box.

6.6.1 Configuring TDD Signals

The TDD settings define the characteristics of an LTE TDD signal.

The TDD settings are part of the "Frame Configuration" tab of the "Demodulation Set­tings" dialog box.

Configuring TDD Frames..............................................................................................56

Configuring TDD Frames

TDD frames contain both uplink and downlink information separated in time with every
subframe being responsible for either uplink or downlink transmission. The standard
specifies several subframe configurations or resource allocations for TDD systems.

TDD UL/DL Allocations

Selects the configuration of the subframes in a radio frame in TDD systems.

The UL/DL configuration (or allocation) defines the way each subframe is used: for uplink,
downlink or if it is a special subframe. The standard specifies seven different configura­tions.

= uplink

U
D = downlink
S = special subframe

Conf. of Special Subframe

In combination with the cyclic prefix, the special subframes serve as guard periods for
switches from uplink to downlink. They contain three parts or fields.

DwPTS

●

The DwPTS is the downlink part of the special subframe. It is used to transmit down­link data.

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)2()1(

3

IDID

cell
ID

NNN 

GP

●

The guard period makes sure that there are no overlaps of up- and downlink signals
during a switch.
UpPTS

●

The UpPTS is the uplink part of the special subframe. It is used to transmit uplink
data.

The length of the three fields is variable. This results in several possible configurations
of the special subframe. The LTE standard defines 9 different configurations for the spe­cial subframe. However, configurations 7 and 8 only work for a normal cyclic prefix. If you
select it using an extended cyclic prefix or automatic detection of the cyclic prefix, the
application will show an error message.

SCPI command:
Subframe
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:TDD:UDConf on page 115
Special Subframe
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:TDD:SPSC on page 115

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Configuring Uplink Frames

6.6.2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity

The physical signal characteristics contain settings to describe the phyiscal attributes of
an LTE signal.

The physical settings are part of the "Frame Configuration" tab of the "Demodulation
Settings" dialog box.

Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity..................................................................57

Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity

The cell ID, cell identity group and physical layer identity are interdependent parameters.
In combination they are responsible for synchronization between network and user
equipment.

The physical layer cell ID identifies a particular radio cell in the LTE network. The cell
identities are divided into 168 unique cell identity groups. Each group consists of 3 phys­ical layer identities. According to

(1)

= cell identity group, {0...167}

N

(2)

= physical layer identity, {0...2}

N

there is a total of 504 different cell IDs.

If you change one of these three parameters, the R&S FSQ automatically updates the
other two.

The Cell ID determines

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the reference signal grouping hopping pattern

●

the reference signal sequence hopping

●

the PUSCH demodulation reference signal pseudo-random sequence

●

the cyclic shifts for PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b and sequences for PUCCH formats 2/2a/

●

2b
the pseudo-random sequence used for scrambling

●

the pseudo-random sequence used for type 2 PUSCH frequency hopping

●

SCPI command:
Cell ID:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PLC:CID on page 116
Cell Identity Group:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PLC:CIDGroup on page 116
Identity
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PLC:PLID on page 116

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Configuring Uplink Frames

6.6.3 Configuring Subframes

The application allows you to configure individual subframes.

If you turn "Auto Demodulation" on, the appplication automatically determines the sub­frame configuration. In the default state, automatic configuration is on.

An LTE frame contains 10 subframes. The R&S FSQ shows the contents for each sub­frame in the configuration table. In the configuration table, each row corresponds to one
subframe.

You can also define a frame number offset that the software uses to demodulate the
captured frame.

Before you start to work on the contents of each subframe, you should define the number
of subframes you want to customize with the "Configurable Subframes" parameter. The
application supports the configuration of up to 10 subframes.

Configuring Subframes.................................................................................................59

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Configuring Subframes

According to the number of configurable subframes you have set, the R&S FSQ adjusts
the size of the subframe configuration table. Each row in the table corresponds to one
allocation if the subframe is a cluster. Else, the row is a subframe.

The configuration table contains the settings to configure the subframes.

Subframe

●

Shows the number of a subframe.
Note that, depending on the configuration, some subframes may not be available for
editing. The R&S FSQ labels those downlink subframes "(not used)". The corre­sponding cells in the table are greyed out.
Enable PUCCH

●

Turns the PUCCH in the corresponding subframe on and off.
If you turn on a PUCCH, "Modulation", "Number of RBs" and "Offset RB" are unavail­able for that subframe.
Modulation

●

Selects the modulation scheme for the corresponding PUSCH allocation.
The modulation scheme is either QPSK, 16QAM or 64QAM.
Number of RB

●

Sets the number of resource blocks the PUSCH allocation covers. The number of
resource blocks defines the size or bandwidth of the PUSCH allocation.
Offset RB

●

Sets the resource block at which the PUSCH allocation begins.

SCPI command:
Configurable subframes:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:CSUBframes on page 117
Frame number offset:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SFNO on page 117
Enable PUCCH:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:CONT on page 118
Modulation:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:MODulation on page 118
Number of RB:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:RBCount on page 117
Offset RB:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:RBOFfset on page 117

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

6.7 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

The uplink advanced signal characteristics contain settings that describe the detailed
structure of a uplink LTE signal.

You can find the advanced signal characteristics in the "Demod Settings" dialog box.

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Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

6.7.1 Configuring the Demodulation Reference Signal

The demodulation reference signal settings contain settings that define the physical
attributes and structure of the demodulation reference signal. This reference signal helps
to demodulate the PUSCH.

The demodulation reference signal settings are part of the "Uplink Adv Sig Config" tab of
the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

Sequence......................................................................................................................60

Relative Power PUSCH................................................................................................60

Relative Power PUCCH................................................................................................60

Group Hopping..............................................................................................................61

Sequence Hopping........................................................................................................61

Delta Sequence Shift....................................................................................................61

n(1)_DMRS...................................................................................................................61

Enable n_PRS...............................................................................................................61

Sequence

Selects the definition the demodulation reference signal is based on.

"3GPP"

The structure of the DRS is based on the 3GPP standard.
If you are using a DRS based on 3GPP, you have to set all parameters
in the "Demodulation Reference Signal" settings group. They have to
be the same as those of the signal generator.

Relative Power PUSCH

Sets the power offset of the Demodulation Reference Signal (DRS) relative to the power
level of the PUSCH allocation of the corresponding subframe. The selected DRS power
offset (PDRS_Offset) applies for all subframes. Depending on the allocation of the sub­frame, the effective power level of the DRS is calculated as following:

P

DRS=PUE+PPUSCH+PDRS_Offset

The PUSCH Power level (P

) can vary per subframe.

PUSCH

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:DRS[:PUSCh]:POWer on page 120

Relative Power PUCCH

Sets the power offset of the Demodulation Reference Signal (DRS) relative to the power
level of the PUCCH allocation of the corresponding subframe. The selected DRS power
offset (P

DRS_Offset

) applies for all subframes. Depending on the allocation of the subframe,

the effective power level of the DRS is calculated as following:

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Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

P

DRS=PUE+PPUCCH+PDRS_Offset

The PUCCH Power level (P

(for PUCCH allocation)

) can vary per subframe.

PUCCH

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:DRS:PUCCh:POWer on page 119

Group Hopping

Indicates whether group hopping for the demodulation reference signal is activated or
not.

17 different hopping patterns and 30 different sequence shift patterns are used for group
hopping. PUSCH and PUCCH use the same group hopping pattern that is calculated if
the group hopping is enabled. The group hopping pattern is generated by a pseudo­random sequence generator.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:DRS:GRPHopping on page 119

Sequence Hopping

Turns sequence hopping for the uplink demodulation reference signal on and off.

Sequence hopping is generated by a pseudo-random sequence generator.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:DRS:SEQHopping on page 120

Delta Sequence Shift

Delta Sequence Shift specifies the parameter Δ

SS

This parameter can be found in 3GPP TS 36.211 V8.5.0, 5.5.1.3 Group hopping. A
sequence shift function f_ss is defined for the PUCCH. The corresponding function for
the PUSCH is derived by applying this Delta Sequence Shift.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:DRS:DSSHift on page 119

n(1)_DMRS

The n_DMRS parameter can be found in 3GPP TS36.211 V8.5.0, 5.5.2.1.1 Reference
signal sequence.

Currently, n_DMRS is defined as n_DMRS = n

DMRS

(1)

+n

DMRS

(2)

.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:DRS:NDMRs on page 119

Enable n_PRS

Enables the use of the pseudo-random sequence n_PRS in the calculation of the demod­ulation reference signal (DMRS) index as defined in 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.2.1.1.

If n_PRS is disabled, it is possible to set the cyclic shift to 0 for all subframes.

This parameter has to be enabled in order to generate a 3GPP compliant uplink signal.

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Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

6.7.2 Configuring the Sounding Reference Signal

The sounding reference signal settings contain settings that define the physical attributes
and structure of the sounding reference signal.

The sounding reference signal settings are part of the "Uplink Adv Sig Config" tab of the
"Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

Present..........................................................................................................................62

SRS Rel Power.............................................................................................................62

SRS Subframe Conf......................................................................................................63

SRS Bandwidth B_SRS................................................................................................63

Freq. Domain Pos. n_RRC...........................................................................................63

SRS BW Conf. C_SRS.................................................................................................63

Transm. Comb. k_TC....................................................................................................63

SRS Cyclic Shift N_CS.................................................................................................63

Conf. Index I_SRS........................................................................................................64

Hopping BW b_hop.......................................................................................................64

Present

Indicates whether the sounding reference signal is present or not.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:STAT on page 122

SRS Rel Power

Defines the power offset of the sounding reference signal.

The power offset is relative to the power of the corresponding UE and applies to all sub­frames.

The effective power level of the SRS is thus

P

= PUE + P

SRS

SRS_Offset

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:POWer on page 122

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SRS Subframe Conf.

Sets the cell specific parameter SRS subframe configuration. The UEs will send short­ened PUSCH/PUCCH in these cell-specific subframes, regardless whether the UEs are
configured to send a SRS in the according subframe or not.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:SUConfig on page 122

SRS Bandwidth B_SRS

Sets the UE specific parameter SRS Bandwidth B
chapter 5.5.3.2.

The SRS either spans the entire frequency bandwidth or employs frequency hopping
where several narrowband SRS cover the same total bandwidth.

There are up to four SRS bandwidths defined in the standard. The most narrow SRS
bandwidth (B

widths; the other three values of the parameter B
widths, available depending on the channel bandwidth.

The SRS transmission bandwidth is determined additionally by the SRS Bandwidth Con­figuration C

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:BSRS on page 121

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

, as defined in the 3GPP TS 36.211,

SRS

= 3) spans four resource blocks and is available for all channel band-

SRS

define more wideband SRS band-

SRS

.

SRS

Freq. Domain Pos. n_RRC

Sets the UE specific parameter Freq. Domain Position n

, as defined in the 3GPP TS

RRC

36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2.

This parameter determines the starting physical resource block of the SRS transmission.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:NRRC on page 121

SRS BW Conf. C_SRS

Sets the cell specific parameter SRS Bandwidth Configuration (C

The SRS Bandwidth Configuration C

, the SRS Bandwidth B

SRS

).

SRS

and the UL Channel

SRS

Bandwidth determine the length of the sounding reference signal sequence, calculated
according to 3GPP TS 36.211.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:CSRS on page 121

Transm. Comb. k_TC

Sets the UE specific parameter transmission comb kTC, as defined in the 3GPP TS

36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:TRComb on page 122

SRS Cyclic Shift N_CS

Sets the cyclic shift n_CS used for the generation of the sounding reference signal
CAZAC sequence.

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Since the different shifts of the same Zadoff-Chu sequence are orthogonal to each other,
applying different SRS cyclic shifts can be used to schedule different users to transmit
simultaneously their sounding reference signal.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:CYCS on page 121

Conf. Index I_SRS

Sets the UE specific parameter SRS configuration index I
Duplexing Mode, this parameter determines the parameters SRS Periodicity T
SRS Subframe Offset T

8.2-2 (TDD) respectively.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:ISRS on page 121

Hopping BW b_hop

Sets the UE specific parameter frequency hopping bandwidth b
3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2.

SRS frequency hopping is enabled, if b

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:BHOP on page 120

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

. Depending on the selected

SRS

as defined in the 3GPP TS 36.213, Table 8.2-1 (FDD) and

offset

, as defined in the

hop

HOP<BSRS

.

SRS

and

6.7.3 Defining the PUSCH Structure

The PUSCH structure settings contain settings that describe the physical attributes and
structure of the PUSCH.

The PUSCH structure is part of the "Uplink Adv Sig Config" tab of the "Demodulation
Settings" dialog box.

Frequency Hopping Mode.............................................................................................64

PUSCH Hopping Offset.................................................................................................65

Number of Subbands....................................................................................................65

Info. in Hopping Bits......................................................................................................65

Frequency Hopping Mode

Frequency Hopping Mode specifies the hopping mode which is applied to the PUSCH.
Available choices are NONE, Inter Subframe and Intra Subframe.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUSCh:FHMode on page 123

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Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

PUSCH Hopping Offset

Sets the PUSCH Hopping Offset N

RB

HO

.

The PUSCH Hopping Offset determines the first physical resource block and the maxi­mum number of physical resource blocks available for PUSCH transmission if PUSCH
frequency hopping is used.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUSCh:FHOFfset on page 123

Number of Subbands

Number of Subbands specifies the number of subbands for PUSCH.

This parameter can be found in 3GPP TS36.211 V8.5.0, 5.5.3.2 Mapping to physical
resources.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUSCh:NOSM on page 123

Info. in Hopping Bits

Sets the information in hopping bits according to the PDCCH DCI format 0 hopping bit
definition. This information determines whether type 1 or type 2 hopping is used in the
subframe, and - in case of type 1 - additionally determines the exact hopping function to
use.

Frequency hopping is applied according to 3GPP TS36.213.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUSCh:FHOP:IIHB on page 123

6.7.4 Defining the PUCCH Structure

The PUCCH structure settings contain settings that describe the physical attributes and
structure of the PUCCH.

The PUCCH structure is part of the "Uplink Adv Sig Config" tab of the "Demodulation
Settings" dialog box.

No. of RBs for PUCCH..................................................................................................66

Delta Shift......................................................................................................................66

Delta Offset...................................................................................................................66

N(1)_cs..........................................................................................................................66

N(2)_RB........................................................................................................................66

Format...........................................................................................................................67

N_PUCCH.....................................................................................................................67

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No. of RBs for PUCCH

Number of RBs for PUCCH configures the number of resource blocks for PUCCH.

The resource blocks for PUCCH are always allocated at the edges of the LTE spectrum.
If an even number of PUCCH resource blocks is specified, half of the available number
of PUCCH resource blocks are allocated on the lower and upper edge of the LTE spec­trum (outermost resource blocks). In case an odd number of PUCCH resource blocks is
specified, the number of resource blocks on the lower edge is one resource block larger
than the number of resource blocks on the upper edge of the LTE spectrum.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:NORB on page 125

Delta Shift

Sets the delta shift parameter, i.e. the cyclic shift difference between two adjacent
PUCCH resource indices with the same orthogonal cover sequence (OC).

The delta shift determinates the number of available sequences in a resource block that
can be used for PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b.

This parameter can be found in 3GPP TS36.211 V8.5.0, 5.4 Physical uplink control
channel.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:DESHift on page 124

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

Delta Offset

Sets the PUCCH delta offset parameter, i.e. the cyclic shift offset. The value range
depends on the selected Cyclic Prefix.

This parameter can be found in 3GPP TS36.211 V8.5.0, 5.4 Physical uplink control
channel.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:DEOFfset on page 124

N(1)_cs

Sets the number of cyclic shifts used for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b in a resource block used
for a combination of the formats 1/1a/1b and 2/2a/2b.

Only one resource block per slot can support a combination of the PUCCH formats 1/1a/
1b and 2/2a/2b.

The number of cyclic shifts available for PUCCH format 2/2a/2b N(2)_cs in a block with
combination of PUCCH formats is calculated as follow:

N(2)_cs = 12 - N(1)_cs -2

This parameter can be found in 3GPP TS36.211 V8.5.0, 5.4 Physical uplink control
channel.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:N1CS on page 125

N(2)_RB

Sets bandwidth in terms of resource blocks that are reserved for PUCCH formats 2/2a/
2b transmission in each subframe.

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Since there can be only one resource block per slot that supports a combination of the
PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b and 2/2a/2b, the number of resource block(s) per slot available
for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b is determined by N(2)_RB.

This parameter can be found in 3GPP TS36.211 V8.5.0, 5.4 Physical uplink control
channel.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:N2RB on page 125

Format

Configures the physical uplink control channel format. Formats 2a and 2b are only sup­ported for normal cyclic prefix length.

This parameter can be found in 3GPP TS36.211 V8.5.0, Table 5.4-1 Supported PUCCH
formats.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:FORMat on page 124

N_PUCCH

Sets the resource index for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b respectively 2/2a/2b.

You can also select "Per Subframe" to set the N_PUCCH on a subframe level. For more
information see chapter 6.6.3, "Configuring Subframes", on page 58.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:NPAR on page 126

Configuring and Performing the Measurement

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

6.7.5 Defining Global Signal Characteristics

The global settings contain settings that apply to the complete signal.

The global settings are part of the "Uplink Adv Sig Config" tab of the "Demodulation
Settings" dialog box.

UE ID/n_RNTI...............................................................................................................67

UE ID/n_RNTI

Sets the radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the UE.

SCPI command:
CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:UEID on page 126

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7 Analyzing Measurement Results

The "Measurement Settings" contain settings that configure various result displays.
These settings are independent of the signal, they adjust the display of the results. You
can open the dialog box with the "Meas Settings" softkey. The corresponding dialog box
is made up of three tabs. By default, the "Selection" tab is the active one.

● Selecting a Particular Signal Aspect.......................................................................68

● Defining Measurement Units...................................................................................69

● Defining Various Measurement Parameters...........................................................69

● Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram.................................................70

● Scaling the Y-Axis...................................................................................................70

● Using the Marker.....................................................................................................71

Analyzing Measurement Results

Selecting a Particular Signal Aspect

7.1 Selecting a Particular Signal Aspect

In the "Selection" tab of the "Measurement Settings" dialog box you can select specific
parts of the signal you want to analyze.

Subframe Selection

Selects a particular subframe whose results the software displays.

You can select a particular subframe for the following measurements.

Result Summary, EVM vs. Carrier, EVM vs. Symbol, Inband Emission, Channel Flatness,
Channel Flatness SRS, Channel Group Delay, Channel Flatness Difference, Constella­tion Diagram, DFT Precoded Constellation, Allocation Summary and Bit Stream. If --­All--- is selected, either the results from all subframes are displayed at once or a statistic
is calculated over all analyzed subframes.

Selecting "All" either displays the results over all subframes or calculates a statistic over
all subframes that have been analyzed.

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Example: Subframe selection

If you select all subframes ("All"), the application shows three traces. One trace shows
the subframe with the minimum level characteristics, the second trace shows the sub­frame with the maximum level characteristics and the third subframe shows the averaged
level characteristics of all subframes.

with

PK: peak value

●

AV: average value

●

MI: minimum value

●

If you select a specific subframe, the application shows one trace. This trace contains
the results for that subframe only.

Analyzing Measurement Results

Defining Measurement Units

SCPI command:
[SENSe][:LTE]:SUBFrame:SELect on page 126

7.2 Defining Measurement Units

In the "Units" tab of the "Measurement Settings" dialog box you can select the unit for
various measurement results.

EVM Unit

Selects the unit for graphic and numerical EVM measurement results.

Possible units are dB and %.

SCPI command:
UNIT:EVM on page 127

7.3 Defining Various Measurement Parameters

In the "Misc" tab of the "Measurement Settings" dialog box you can set various param­eters that affect some result displays.

Bit Stream Format

Selects the way the bit stream is displayed.

The bit stream is either a stream of raw bits or of symbols. In case of the symbol format,
the bits that belong to a symbol are shown as hexadecimal numbers with two digits.

Examples:

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Fig. 7-1: Bit stream display in uplink application if the bit stream format is set to "symbols"

Fig. 7-2: Bit stream display in uplink application if the bit stream format is set to "bits"

SCPI command:
UNIT:BSTR on page 127

Analyzing Measurement Results

Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram

7.4 Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram

The "Evaluation Filter" dialog box contains settings to configure the contents of a con­stellation diagram.

You can access the dialog box with the "Constellation Selection" softkey in the "Mea­surement" menu.

Constellation Selection

Filters the displayed results. You can filter the results by any combination of modulation,
allocation ID, symbol, carrier or location. The results are updated as soon as any change
to the constellation selection parameters is made.

Note that the constellation selection is applied to all windows in split screen mode if the
windows contain constellation diagrams.

You can filter the results by the following parameters:

Modulation

●

Filter by modulation scheme.

Symbol

●

Filter by OFDM symbol.

Carrier

●

Filter by subcarrier.

7.5 Scaling the Y-Axis

In the "Y-Axis" tab of the "Measurement Settings" dialog box you can set various param­eters that affect some result displays.

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Y-Axis Scale

The y-axis scaling determines the vertical resolution of the measurement results. The
scaling you select always applies to the currently active screen and the corresponding
result display.

Usually, the best way to view the results is if they fit ideally in the diagram area in order
to view the complete trace. This is the way the application scales the y-axis if you have
turned on automatic scaling.

But it may become necessary to see a more detailed version of the results. In that case,
turn on fixed scaling for the y-axis. Fixed scaling becomes available when you turn off
automatic scaling. For a fixed scaling, define the distance between two grid lines (scaling
per division) and the point of origin of the y-axis (the offset).

SCPI command:
Automatic scaling:
DISPlay[:WINDow]:TRACe:Y:SCALe:AUTO on page 130
Manual scaling:

DISPlay[:WINDow]:TRACe:Y:SCALe:FIXScale:OFFSet on page 130
DISPlay[:WINDow]:TRACe:Y:SCALe:FIXScale:PERDiv on page 130

Analyzing Measurement Results

Using the Marker

7.6 Using the Marker

The firmware application provides a marker to work with. You can use a marker to mark
specific points on traces or to read out measurement results.

Fig. 7-3: Example: Marker

The MKR key opens the corresponding submenu. You can activate the marker with the
"Marker 1" softkey. After pressing the "Marker 1" softkey, you can set the position of the
marker in the marker dialog box by entering a frequency value. You can also shift the

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marker position by turning the rotary knob. The current marker frequency and the corre­sponding level is displayed in the upper right corner of the trace display.

The "Marker 1" softkey has three possible states:

If the "Marker 1" softkey is grey, the marker is off.

After pressing the "Marker 1" softkey it turns red to indicate an open dialog box and the
the marker is active. The dialog box to specify the marker position on the frequency axis
opens.

Analyzing Measurement Results

Using the Marker

After closing the dialog box, the "Marker 1" softkey turns green. The marker stays active.

Pressing the "Marker 1" softkey again deactivates the marker. You can also turn off the
marker by pressing the "Marker Off" softkey.

If you'd like to see the area of the spectrum around the marker in more detail, you can
use the Marker Zoom function. Press the "Marker Zoom" softkey to open a dialog box in
which you can specify the zoom factor. The maximum possible zoom factor depends on
the result display. The "Unzoom" softkey cancels the marker zoom.

Note that the zoom function is not available for all result displays.

If you have more than one active trace, it is possible to assign the marker to a specific
trace. Press the "Marker -> Trace" softkey in the marker to menu and specify the trace
in the corresponding dialog box.

CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 128

CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:AOFF on page 128

CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:TRACe on page 128

CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 128

CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 129

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8 File Management

File Management

File Manager

8.1 File Manager

The root menu of the application includes a File Manager with limited functions for quick
access to file management functionality.

Loading a Frame Setup

The frame setup or frame description describes the complete modulation structure of the
signal, such as bandwidth, modulation, etc.

The frame setup is stored as an XML file. XML files are very commonly used to describe
hierarchical structures in an easy-to-read format for both humans and PC.

A typical frame setup file would look like this:

<FrameDefinition LinkDirection="uplink" TDDULDLAllocationConfiguration="0"

RessourceBlocks="50" CP="auto" PhysLayCellIDGrp="Group 0" PhysLayID="ID 0"

N_RNTI="0" N_f="0" NOfSubbands="4" N_RB_HO="4" NOfRB_PUCCH="4"

DeltaShift="2" N1_cs="6" N2_RB="1" NPUCCH="0" DeltaOffset="0"

PUCCHStructureFormat="F1 normal" N_c_fastforward="1600"

HoppingBitInformation="0" FrequencyHopping="None" DemRefSeq="3GPP"

DemPilBoostdBPUSCH="0" DemPilBoostdBPUCCH="0" GroupHop="0" SequenceHop="0"

EnableN_PRS="1" Delta_ss="0" N_DMRS1="0" N_DMRS2="0" SoundRefSeq="3GPP"

SoundRefBoostdB="0" SoundRefPresent="0" SoundRefSymOffs="13" SoundRefCAZAC_u="2"

SoundRefCAZAC_q="0" SoundRefCAZAC_alpha="0" SoundRefCAZAC_mode="2" SoundRefB="0"

SoundRefC="0" SRSSubframeConfiguration="0" SoundRefN_CS="0" SoundRefK_TC="0"

SoundRefN_RRC="0" SoundRefb_hop="0" SoundRefI_SRS="0" SoundRefk0="24"

SoundRefNumSubcarrier="132">

<Frame>

<Subframe>

<PRBs>

<PRB Start="2" Length="10" Modulation="QPSK" PUCCHOn="0" BoostingdB="0"></PRB>

</PRBs>

</Subframe>

</Frame>

<stControl PhaseTracking="1" TimingTracking="0" CompensateDCOffset="1"

UseBitStreamScrambling="1" ChannelEstimationRange="2" AutoDemodulation="1">

</stControl>

</FrameDefinition>

All settings that are available in the "Demod Settings" dialog box are also in the frame
setup file. You can enter additional allocations by adding additional PRB entries in the
PRBs list.

To load a frame setup, press the "File Manager" softkey in the root menu of the applica­tion. Select the file you want to load and activate it with the "Load Demod Setup" button.

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Loading an I/Q File

The R&S FSQ is able to process I/Q data that has been captured with a R&S FSQ directly
as well as data stored in a file. You can store I/Q data in various file formats in order to
be able to process it with other external tools or for support purposes.

I/Q data can be formatted either in binary form or as ASCII files. The data is linearly scaled
using the unit Volt (e.g. if a correct display of Capture Buffer power is required). For
binary format, data is expected as 32-bit floating point data, Little Endian format (also
known as LSB Order or Intel format). An example for binary data would be: 0x1D86E7BB
in hexadecimal notation is decoded to -7.0655481E-3. The order of the data is either
IQIQIQ or II...IQQ...Q.

For ASCII format, data is expected as I and Q values in alternating rows, separated by
new lines: <I value 1>, <Q value 1>, <I value 2>, <Q value 2>, ...

To use data that has been stored externally, press the "File Manager" softkey in the root
menu of the application. Select the file you want to load and activate it with the "Load IQ
Data" button.

File Management

SAVE/RECALL Key

8.2 SAVE/RECALL Key

Besides the file manager in the root menu, you can also manage the data via the SAVE/
RECALL key.

The corresponding menu offers full functionality for saving, restoring and managing the
files on the R&S FSQ. The save/recall menu is the same as that of the spectrum mode.
For details on the softkeys and handling of this file manager, refer to the operating manual
of the R&S FSQ.

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9 Remote Commands

● Overview of Remote Command Suffixes................................................................75

● Introduction.............................................................................................................75

● Selecting and Configuring Measurements..............................................................80

● Remote Commands to Perform Measurements......................................................82

● Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results.......................................................84

● Remote Commands to Read Trace Data................................................................91

● Remote Commands to Configure the Application.................................................102

● Analyzing Measurement Results...........................................................................126

● Configuring the Software.......................................................................................130

Remote Commands

Overview of Remote Command Suffixes

9.1 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes

This chapter provides an overview of all suffixes used for remote commands in the LTE
application.

Suffix Description

<allocation> Selects an allocation.

<analyzer> No effect.

<antenna> Selects an antenna for MIMO measurements.

<cluster> Selects a cluster (uplink only).

<cwnum> Selects a codeword.

<k> Selects a limit line.

Irrelevant for the LTE application.

<m> Selects a marker.

Irrelevant for the LTE application.

<n> Selects a measurement window.

<subframe> Selects a subframe.

<t> Selects a trace.

Irrelevant for the LTE application.

9.2 Introduction

Commands are program messages that a controller (e.g. a PC) sends to the instrument
or software. They operate its functions ('setting commands' or 'events') and request infor­mation ('query commands'). Some commands can only be used in one way, others work
in two ways (setting and query). If not indicated otherwise, the commands can be used
for settings and queries.

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The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and, in most cases, one or more
parameters. To use a command as a query, you have to append a question mark after
the last header element, even if the command contains a parameter.

A header contains one or more keywords, separated by a colon. Header and parameters
are separated by a "white space" (ASCII code 0 to 9, 11 to 32 decimal, e.g. blank). If
there is more than one parameter for a command, these are separated by a comma from
one another.

Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI
commands are described here. For a more complete description, refer to the User Manual
of the R&S FSQ.

Remote command examples

Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction may
not be supported by this particular application.

Remote Commands

Introduction

9.2.1 Long and Short Form

The keywords have a long and a short form. You can use either the long or the short
form, but no other abbreviations of the keywords.

The short form is emphasized in upper case letters. Note however, that this emphasis
only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual. For the
instrument, the case does not matter.

Example:

SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer is the same as SENS:FREQ:CENT.

9.2.2 Numeric Suffixes

Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple instan­ces of an object. In that case, the suffix selects a particular instance (e.g. a measurement
window).

Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets (<n>) next to the keyword.

If you don't quote a suffix for keywords that support one, a 1 is assumed.

Example:

DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe enables the zoom in a particular mea­surement window, selected by the suffix at WINDow.

DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON refers to window 4.

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Remote Commands

Introduction

9.2.3 Optional Keywords

Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compliance.
You can include them in the header or not.

Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix, you
have to include the optional keyword. Otherwise, the suffix of the missing keyword is
assumed to be the value 1.

Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets.

Example:

Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword:

[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer is the same as FREQuency:CENTer

With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword:

DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe

DISPlay:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 (no suffix).

DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4.

9.2.4 Alternative Keywords

A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword. You can use both keywords
to the same effect.

Example:

[SENSe:]BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]

In the short form without optional keywords, BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect as
BWID 1MHZ.

9.2.5 SCPI Parameters

Many commands feature one or more parameters.

If a command supports more than one parameter, these are separated by a comma.

Example:

LAYout:ADD:WINDow Spectrum,LEFT,MTABle

Parameters may have different forms of values.

● Numeric Values.......................................................................................................78

● Boolean...................................................................................................................78

● Character Data........................................................................................................79

● Character Strings....................................................................................................79

● Block Data...............................................................................................................79

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Remote Commands

Introduction

9.2.5.1 Numeric Values

Numeric values can be entered in any form, i.e. with sign, decimal point or exponent. In
case of physical quantities, you can also add the unit. If the unit is missing, the command
uses the basic unit.

Example:

with unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ

without unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz.

Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down.

If the number you have entered is not supported (e.g. in case of discrete steps), the
command returns an error.

Instead of a number, you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special
cases.

MIN/MAX

●

Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported.

DEF

●

Defines the default value.

UP/DOWN

●

Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step. The step size depends on
the setting. In some cases you can customize the step size with a corresponding
command.

Querying numeric values

When you query numeric values, the system returns a number. In case of physical quan­tities, it applies the basic unit (e.g. Hz in case of frequencies). The number of digits after
the decimal point depends on the type of numeric value.

Example:

Setting: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ

Query: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer? would return 1E9

In some cases, numeric values may be returned as text.

INF/NINF

●

Infinity or negative infinity. Represents the numeric values 9.9E37 or -9.9E37.

NAN

●

Not a number. Represents the numeric value 9.91E37. NAN is returned in case of
errors.

9.2.5.2 Boolean

Boolean parameters represent two states. The "ON" state (logically true) is represented
by "ON" or a numeric value 1. The "OFF" state (logically untrue) is represented by "OFF"
or the numeric value 0.

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Querying boolean parameters

When you query boolean parameters, the system returns either the value 1 ("ON") or the
value 0 ("OFF").

Example:

Setting: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe ON

Query: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe? would return 1

Remote Commands

Introduction

9.2.5.3 Character Data

Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords. You can enter text using a short
or a long form. For more information see chapter 9.2.1, "Long and Short Form",
on page 76.

Querying text parameters

When you query text parameters, the system returns its short form.

Example:

Setting: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE NORMal

Query: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE? would return NORM

9.2.5.4 Character Strings

Strings are alphanumeric characters. They have to be in straight quotation marks. You
can use a single quotation mark ( ' ) or a double quotation mark ( " ).

Example:

INSTRument:DELete 'Spectrum'

9.2.5.5 Block Data

Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data.

The ASCII character # introduces the data block. The next number indicates how many
of the following digits describe the length of the data block. In the example the 4 following
digits indicate the length to be 5168 bytes. The data bytes follow. During the transmission
of these data bytes all end or other control signs are ignored until all bytes are transmitted.
#0 specifies a data block of indefinite length. The use of the indefinite format requires a
NL^END message to terminate the data block. This format is useful when the length of
the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation
of the data into blocks of definite length.

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Remote Commands

Selecting and Configuring Measurements

9.3 Selecting and Configuring Measurements

9.3.1 Selecting Measurements

CALCulate<n>:FEED.......................................................................................................80

DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TABLe...........................................................................................80

CALCulate<n>:FEED <DispType>

This command selects the measurement and result display.

Parameters:

<DispType> String containing the short form of the result display.

'EVM:EVCA' (EVM vs carrier result display)

'EVM:EVSY' (EVM vs symbol result display)

'EVM:FEVS' (frequency error vs symbol result display)

'EVM:EVSU' (EVM vs subframe result display)

'PVT:CBUF' (capture buffer result display)

'SPEC:SEM' (spectrum emission mask)

'SPEC:ACP' (ACLR)

'SPEC:PSPE' (power spectrum result display)

'SPEC:FLAT' (spectrum flatness result display)

'SPEC:GDEL' (group delay result display)

'SPEC:FDIF' (flatness difference result display)

'SPEC:IE' (inband emission result display)

'CONS:CONS' (constellation diagram)

'CONS:DFTC' (DFT precoded constellation diagram)

'STAT:BSTR' (bitstream)

'STAT:ASUM' (allocation summary)

'STAT:CCDF' (CCDF)

Example:

CALC2:FEED 'PVT:CBUF'

Select Capture Buffer to be displayed on screen B.

DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TABLe <State>

This command turns the result summary on and off.

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Parameters:
<State> ON

Remote Commands

Selecting and Configuring Measurements

Turns the result summary on and removes all graphical results
from the screen.

OFF

Turns the result summary off and restores the graphical results
that were previously set.

Example:

DISP:TABL OFF

Turns the result summary off.

9.3.2 Configuring Frequency Sweep Measurements

ACLR and SEM measurements feature some settings particular to those measurements.

[SENSe]:POWer:ACHannel:AACHannel.............................................................................81

[SENSe]:POWer:NCORrection..........................................................................................81

[SENSe]:POWer:SEM:CATegory.......................................................................................82

[SENSe]:SWEep:EGATe:AUTO.........................................................................................82

[SENSe]:POWer:ACHannel:AACHannel <Channel>

This command selects the assumed adjacent channel carrier for ACLR measurements.

Parameters:

<Channel> EUTRA

Selects an EUTRA signal of the same bandwidth like the TX chan­nel as assumed adjacent channel carrier.

UTRA128

Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 1.28MHz as assumed
adjacent channel carrier.

UTRA384

Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 3.84MHz as assumed
adjacent channel carrier.

UTRA768

Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 7.68MHz as assumed
adjacent channel carrier.

*RST:

EUTRA

Example:

POW:ACH:AACH UTRA384

Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 3.84MHz as assumed
adjacent channel carrier.

[SENSe]:POWer:NCORrection <State>

This command turns noise correction for ACLR measurements on and off.

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Parameters:

<State> ON | OFF

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Perform Measurements

*RST: OFF

Example:

POW:NCOR ON

Activates noise correction.

[SENSe]:POWer:SEM:CATegory <Category>

This command selects the SEM limit category as defined in 3GPP TS 36.101.

Parameters:

<Category> A

Category A

B

Category B

*RST: A

Example:

POW:SEM:CAT B

Selects SEM category B.

[SENSe]:SWEep:EGATe:AUTO <State>

This command turns auto gating for SEM and ACLR measurements on and off.

This command is available for TDD measurements in combination with an external or IF
power trigger.

Parameters:

<State> ON

Evaluates the on-period of the LTE signal only.

OFF

Evaluates the complete signal.

Example:

SWE:EGAT:AUTO ON

Turns auto gating on.

9.4 Remote Commands to Perform Measurements

INITiate:CONTinuous.......................................................................................................82

INITiate[:IMMediate].........................................................................................................83

INITiate:REFResh............................................................................................................83

[SENSe]:SYNC[:STATe]?.................................................................................................83

INITiate:CONTinuous <State>

This command controls the sweep mode.

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Parameters:

<State> ON | OFF

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Perform Measurements

ON

Continuous sweep

OFF

Single sweep

*RST: OFF

Example:

INITiate[:IMMediate]

This command initiates a new measurement sequence.

With a frame count > 0, this means a restart of the corresponding number of measure­ments.

In single sweep mode, you can synchronize to the end of the measurement with *OPC.
In continuous sweep mode, synchronization to the end of the sweep is not possible.

Example:

Usage: Event

INITiate:REFResh

This command updates the current I/Q measurement results to reflect the current mea­surement settings.

INIT:CONT OFF

Switches the sequence to single sweep.

INIT:CONT ON

Switches the sequence to continuous sweep.

INIT

Initiates a new measurement.

No new I/Q data is captured. Thus, measurement settings apply to the I/Q data currently
in the capture buffer.

The command applies exclusively to I/Q measurements. It requires I/Q data.

Example:

Usage: Event

[SENSe]:SYNC[:STATe]?

This command queries the current synchronization state.

Return values:

<State> The string contains the following information.

INIT:REFR

The application updates the IQ results

A zero represents a failure and a one represents a successful
synchronization.

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Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results

Example:

SYNC:STAT?

Would return, e.g. '1' for successful synchronization.

Usage: Query only

9.5 Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results

FETCh:CYCPrefix?..........................................................................................................85

FETCh:PLC:CIDGroup?....................................................................................................85

FETCh:PLC:PLID?...........................................................................................................85

FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]?...............................................................................85

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:MAXimum?...........................................................................86

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:MINimum?............................................................................86

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:AVERage]?..........................................................................86

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel:MAXimum?...................................................................86

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel:MINimum?.....................................................................86

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel[:AVERage]?..................................................................86

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PSIGnal:MAXimum?......................................................................86

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PSIGnal:MINimum?.......................................................................86

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PSIGnal[:AVERage]?.....................................................................86

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:SDQP[:AVERage]?........................................................................87

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:SDST[:AVERage]?.........................................................................87

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:UCCD[:AVERage]?........................................................................87

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:UCCH[:AVERage]?........................................................................88

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:USQP[:AVERage]?........................................................................88

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:USST[:AVERage]?.........................................................................88

FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor:MAXimum?..............................................................................88

FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor:MINimum?................................................................................88

FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor[:AVERage]?.............................................................................88

FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance:MAXimum?........................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance:MINimum?.........................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:AVERage]?.......................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset:MAXimum?.............................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset:MINimum?..............................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:AVERage]?............................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:OSTP:MAXimum?.................................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:OSTP:MINimum?..................................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:POWer:MAXimum?................................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:POWer:MINimum?.................................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]?..............................................................................89

FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror:MAXimum?..........................................................................90

FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror:MINimum?...........................................................................90

FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror[:AVERage]?.........................................................................90

FETCh:SUMMary:RSTP:MAXimum?..................................................................................90

FETCh:SUMMary:RSTP:MINimum?...................................................................................90

FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor:MAXimum?..............................................................................90

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FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor:MINimum?...............................................................................90

FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]?.............................................................................90

FETCh:SUMMary:TFRame?.............................................................................................91

FETCh:CYCPrefix?

This command queries the cyclic prefix type that has been detected.

Return values:

<PrefixType> The command returns -1 if no valid result has been detected yet.

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results

NORM

Normal cyclic prefix length detected

EXT

Extended cyclic prefix length detected

Example:

FETC:CYCP?

Returns the current cyclic prefix length type.

Usage: Query only

FETCh:PLC:CIDGroup?

This command queries the cell identity group that has been detected.

Return values:

<CidGroup> The command returns -1 if no valid result has been detected yet.

Range: 0 to 167

Example:

FETC:PLC:CIDG?

Returns the current cell identity group.

Usage: Query only

FETCh:PLC:PLID?

This command queries the cell identity that has been detected.

Return values:

<Identity> The command returns -1 if no valid result has been detected yet.

Range: 0 to 2

Example:

FETC:PLC:PLID?

Returns the current cell identity.

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]?

This command queries the average crest factor as shown in the result summary.

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Return values:

<CrestFactor> <numeric value>

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results

Crest Factor in dB.

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:MAXimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL]:MINimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:AVERage]?

This command queries the EVM of all resource elements.

Return values:

<EVM> <numeric value>

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel:MAXimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel:MINimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel[:AVERage]?

This command queries the EVM of all physical channel resource elements.

FETC:SUMM:CRES?

Returns the current crest factor in dB.

Minimum, maximum or average EVM, depending on the last com­mand syntax element.
The unit is % or dB, depending on your selection.

FETC:SUMM:EVM?

Returns the mean value.

Return values:

<EVM> <numeric value>

Minimum, maximum or average EVM, depending on the last com­mand syntax element.
The unit is % or dB, depending on your selection.

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PSIGnal:MAXimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PSIGnal:MINimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PSIGnal[:AVERage]?

This command queries the EVM of all physical signal resource elements.

FETC:SUMM:EVM:PCH?

Returns the mean value.

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Return values:

<EVM> <numeric value>

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results

Minimum, maximum or average EVM, depending on the last com­mand syntax element.
The unit is % or dB, depending on your selection.

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:

This command queries the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with QPSK modulation
of the PUSCH.

Return values:

<EVM> <numeric value>

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:SDST[:AVERage]?

This command queries the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with 16QAM modulation
of the PUSCH.

SUMMary:EVM:SDQP[:AVERage]?

FETC:SUMM:EVM:PSIG?

Returns the mean value.

EVM in % or dB, depending on the unit you have set.

FETC:SUMM:EVM:SDQP?

Returns the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with QPSK mod­ulation.

Return values:

<EVM> <numeric value>

EVM in % or dB, depending on the unit you have set.

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:UCCD[:AVERage]?

This command queries the EVM of all DMRS resource elements of the PUCCH as shown
in the result summary.

Return values:

<EVM> EVM in % or dB, depending on the unit you have set.

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETC:SUMM:EVM:SDST?

Returns the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with 16QAM
modulation.

FETC:SUMM:EVM:UCCD?

Returns the average EVM of all DMRS resource elements.

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FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:UCCH[:AVERage]?

This command queries the EVM of all resource elements of the PUCCH as shown in the
result summary.

Return values:

<EVM> EVM in % or dB, depending on the unit you have set.

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:

This query returns the EVM for all QPSK-modulated resource elements of the PUSCH.

Return values:

<EVM> <numeric value>

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:USST[:AVERage]?

This query returns the the EVM for all 16QAM-modulated resource elements of the
PUSCH.

Return values:

<EVM> EVM in % or dB, depending on the unit you have set.

SUMMary:EVM:USQP[:AVERage]?

FETC:SUMM:EVM:UCCH?

Returns the average EVM of all resource elements.

EVM in % or dB, depending on the unit you have set.

FETC:SUMM:EVM:USQP?

Queries the PUSCH QPSK EVM.

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor:MAXimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor:MINimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor[:AVERage]?

This command queries the frequency error.

Return values:

<FreqError> <numeric value>

Example:

FETC:SUMM:EVM:USST?

Queries the PUSCH 16QAM EVM.

Minimum, maximum or average frequency error, depending on the
last command syntax element.

Default unit: Hz

FETC:SUMM:FERR?

Returns the average frequency error in Hz.

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Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance:MAXimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance:MINimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:AVERage]?

This command queries the I/Q gain imbalance.

Return values:

<GainImbalance> <numeric value>

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results

Minimum, maximum or average I/Q imbalance, depending on the
last command syntax element.

Default unit: dB

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset:MAXimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset:MINimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:AVERage]?

This command queries the I/Q offset.

Return values:

<IQOffset> <numeric value>

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:OSTP:MAXimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:OSTP:MINimum?
Usage:

FETC:SUMM:GIMB?

Returns the current gain imbalance in dB.

Minimum, maximum or average I/Q offset, depending on the last
command syntax element.

Default unit: dB

FETC:SUMM:IQOF?

Returns the current IQ-offset in dB

Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:POWer:MAXimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:POWer:MINimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]?

This command queries the total power.

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Return values:

<Power> <numeric value>

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results

Minimum, maximum or average power, depending on the last
command syntax element.

Default unit: dBm

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:
FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror:MINimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror[:AVERage]?

This command queries the quadrature error.

Return values:

<QuadError> <numeric value>

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:RSTP:MAXimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:RSTP:MINimum?
Usage:

SUMMary:QUADerror:MAXimum?

FETC:SUMM:POW?

Returns the total power in dBm

Minimum, maximum or average quadrature error, depending on
the last command syntax element.

Default unit: deg

FETC:SUMM:QUAD?

Returns the current mean quadrature error in degrees.

Query only

FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor:MAXimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor:MINimum?
FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]?

This command queries the sampling error.

Return values:

<SamplingError> <numeric value>

Minimum, maximum or average sampling error, depending on the
last command syntax element.

Default unit: ppm

Example:

Usage: Query only

FETC:SUMM:SERR?

Returns the current mean sampling error in ppm.

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FETCh:SUMMary:TFRame?

This command queries the trigger to frame result for downlink signals and the trigger to
subframe result for uplink signals.

Return values:

<TrigToFrame> <numeric value>

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Trace Data

Default unit: s

Example:

FETC:SUMM:TFR?

Returns the trigger to frame value.

Usage: Query only

9.6

Remote Commands to Read Trace Data

● Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command......................................................................91

● Remote Commands to Read Measurement Results.............................................100

9.6.1 Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command

This chapter contains information on the TRACe:DATA command and a detailed descrip­tion of the characteristics of that command.

The TRACe:DATA command queries the trace data or results of the currently active
measurement or result display. The type, number and structure of the return values are
specific for each result display. In case of results that have any kind of unit, the command
returns the results in the unit you have currently set for that result display.

Note also that return values for results that are available for both downlink and uplink may
be different.

For several result displays, the command also supports various SCPI parameters in
combination with the query. If available, each SCPI parameter returns a different aspect
of the results. If SCPI parameters are supported, you have to quote one in the query.

Example:

TRAC:DATA? TRACE1

The format of the return values is either in ASCII or binary characters and depends on
the format you have set with FORMat[:DATA].

Following this detailed description, you will find a short summary of the most important
functions of the command (TRACe[:DATA]?).

● Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio............................................................................92

● Allocation Summary................................................................................................92

● Bit Stream...............................................................................................................93

● Capture Buffer.........................................................................................................94

● CCDF......................................................................................................................94

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● Channel Flatness....................................................................................................94

● Channel Flatness Difference...................................................................................95

● Channel Group Delay..............................................................................................95

● Constellation Diagram.............................................................................................96

● EVM vs Carrier........................................................................................................96

● EVM vs Symbol.......................................................................................................97

● EVM vs Subframe...................................................................................................97

● Frequency Error vs Symbol.....................................................................................97

● Inband Emission......................................................................................................97

● Power Spectrum......................................................................................................98

● Spectrum Emission Mask........................................................................................98

● Return Value Codes................................................................................................98

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Trace Data

9.6.1.1 Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio

For the ACLR result display, the number and type of returns values depend on the
parameter.

TRACE1

●

Returns one value for each trace point.

LIST

●

Returns the contents of the ACLR table.

9.6.1.2 Allocation Summary

For the Allocation Summary, the command returns seven values for each line of the table.

<subframe>, <allocation ID>, <number of RB>, <offset RB>,
<modulation>, <absolute power>, <EVM>, ...

The unit for <absolute power> is always dBm. The unit for <EVM> depends on 

UNIT:EVM. All other values have no unit.

The <allocation ID> and <modulation> are encoded. For the code assignment
see chapter 9.6.1.17, "Return Value Codes", on page 98.

Note that the data format of the return values is always ASCII.

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Example:

TRAC:DATA? TRACE1 would return:

0, -40, 10, 2, 2, -84.7431947342849, 2.68723483754626E-06,

0, -41, 0, 0, 6, -84.7431432845264, 2.37549449584568E-06,

0, -42, 0, 0, 6, -80.9404231343884, 3.97834623871343E-06,

...

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Trace Data

9.6.1.3 Bit Stream

For the Bit Stream result display, the command returns five values and the bitstream for
each line of the table.

<subframe>, <modulation>, <# of symbols/bits>,
<hexadecimal/binary numbers>,...

All values have no unit. The format of the bitstream depends on Bit Stream Format.

The <modulation> is encoded. For the code assignment see chapter 9.6.1.17, "Return

Value Codes", on page 98.

For symbols or bits that are not transmitted, the command returns

"FF" if the bit stream format is "Symbols"

●

"9" if the bit stream format is "Bits".

●

For symbols or bits that could not be decoded because the number of layer exceeds the
number of receive antennas, the command returns

"FE" if the bit stream format is "Symbols"

●

"8" if the bit stream format is "Bits".

●

Note that the data format of the return values is always ASCII.

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Example:

TRAC:DATA? TRACE1 would return:

0, -40, 0, 2, 0, 03, 01, 02, 03, 03, 00, 00, 00, 01, 02, 02, ...

<continues like this until the next data block starts or the end of data is
reached>

0, -40, 0, 2, 32, 03, 03, 00, 00, 03, 01, 02, 00, 01, 00, ...

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Trace Data

9.6.1.4 Capture Buffer

For the Capture Buffer result display, the command returns one value for each I/Q sample
in the capture buffer.

<absolute power>, ...

The unit is always dBm.

The following parameters are supported.

TRACE1

●

9.6.1.5 CCDF

For the CCDF result display, the type of return values depends on the parameter.

TRACE1

●

Returns the probability values (y-axis).

<# of values>, <probability>, ...

The unit is always %.
The first value that is returned is the number of the following values.

TRACE2

●

Returns the corresponding power levels (x-axis).

<# of values>, <relative power>, ...

The unit is always dB.
The first value that is returned is the number of the following values.

9.6.1.6 Channel Flatness

For the Channel Flatness result display, the command returns one value for each trace
point.

<relative power>, ...

The unit is always dB.

The following parameters are supported.

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TRACE1

●

Returns the average power over all subframes.

TRACE2

●

Returns the minimum power found over all subframes. If you are analyzing a partic­ular subframe, it returns nothing.

TRACE3

●

Returns the maximum power found over all subframes. If you are analyzing a partic­ular subframe, it returns nothing.

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Trace Data

9.6.1.7 Channel Flatness Difference

For the Channel Flatness Difference result display, the command returns one value for
each trace point.

<relative power>, ...

The unit is always dB. The number of values depends on the selected LTE bandwidth.

The following parameters are supported.

TRACE1

●

Returns the average power over all subframes.

TRACE2

●

Returns the minimum power found over all subframes. If you are analyzing a partic­ular subframe, it returns nothing.

TRACE3

●

Returns the maximum power found over all subframes. If you are analyzing a partic­ular subframe, it returns nothing.

9.6.1.8 Channel Group Delay

For the Channel Group Delay result display, the command returns one value for each
trace point.

<group delay>, ...

The unit is always ns. The number of values depends on the selected LTE bandwidth.

The following parameters are supported.

TRACE1

●

Returns the average group delay over all subframes.

TRACE2

●

Returns the minimum group delay found over all subframes. If you are analyzing a
particular subframe, it returns nothing.

TRACE3

●

Returns the maximum group delay found over all subframes. If you are analyzing a
particular subframe, it returns nothing.

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Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Trace Data

9.6.1.9 Constellation Diagram

For the Constellation Diagram, the command returns two values for each constellation
point.

<I[SF0][Symb0][Carrier1]>, <Q[SF0][Symb0][Carrier1]>, ..., <I[SF0][Symb0][Carrier(n)]>, <Q[SF0][Symb0]
[Carrier(n)]>,

<I[SF0][Symb1][Carrier1]>, <Q[SF0][Symb1][Carrier1]>, ..., <I[SF0][Symb1][Carrier(n)]>, <Q[SF0][Symb1]
[Carrier(n)]>,

<I[SF0][Symb(n)][Carrier1]>, <Q[SF0][Symb(n)][Carrier1]>, ..., <I[SF0][Symb(n)][Carrier(n)]>, <Q[SF0]
[Symb(n)][Carrier(n)]>,

<I[SF1][Symb0][Carrier1]>, <Q[SF1][Symb0][Carrier1]>, ..., <I[SF1][Symb0][Carrier(n)]>, <Q[SF1][Symb0]
[Carrier(n)]>,

<I[SF1][Symb1][Carrier1]>, <Q[SF1][Symb1][Carrier1]>, ..., <I[SF1][Symb1][Carrier(n)]>, <Q[SF1][Symb1]
[Carrier(n)]>,

<I[SF(n)][Symb(n)][Carrier1]>, <Q[SF(n)][Symb(n)][Carrier1]>, ..., <I[SF(n)][Symb(n)][Carrier(n)]>, <Q[SF(n)]
[Symb(n)][Carrier(n)]>

With SF = subframe and Symb = symbol of that subframe.

The I and Q values have no unit.

The number of return values depends on the constellation selection. By default, it returns
all resource elements including the DC carrier.

The following parameters are supported.

TRACE1

●

Returns all constellation points included in the selection.

TRACE2

●

Returns the constellation points of the reference symbols included in the selection.

TRACE3

●

Returns the constellation points of the SRS included in the selection.

9.6.1.10 EVM vs Carrier

For the EVM vs Carrier result display, the command returns one value for each subcarrier
that has been analyzed.

<EVM>, ...

The unit depends on UNIT:EVM.

The following parameters are supported.

TRACE1

●

Returns the average EVM over all subframes

TRACE2

●

Returns the minimum EVM found over all subframes. If you are analyzing a particular
subframe, it returns nothing.

TRACE3

●

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Returns the maximum EVM found over all subframes. If you are analyzing a particular
subframe, it returns nothing.

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Trace Data

9.6.1.11 EVM vs Symbol

For the EVM vs Symbol result display, the command returns one value for each OFDM
symbol that has been analyzed.

<EVM>, ...

For measurements on a single subframe, the command returns the symbols of that sub­frame only.

The unit depends on UNIT:EVM.

The following parameters are supported.

TRACE1

●

9.6.1.12 EVM vs Subframe

For the EVM vs Subframe result display, the command returns one value for each sub­frame that has been analyzed.

<EVM>, ...

The unit depends on UNIT:EVM.

The following parameters are supported.

TRACE1

●

9.6.1.13 Frequency Error vs Symbol

For the Frequency Error vs Symbol result display, the command returns one value for
each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed.

<frequency error>,...

The unit is always Hz.

The following parameters are supported.

TRACE1

●

9.6.1.14 Inband Emission

For the Inband Emission result display, the number and type of returns values depend
on the parameter.

TRACE1

●

Returns the relative resource block indices (x-axis values).

<RB index>, ...

The resource block index has no unit.

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TRACE2

●

Returns one value for each resource block index.

<relative power>, ...

The unit of the relative inband emission is dB.

TRACE3

●

Returns the data points of the upper limit line.

<limit>, ...

The unit is always dB.

Note that you have to select a particular subframe to get results.

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Trace Data

9.6.1.15 Power Spectrum

For the Power Spectrum result display, the command returns one value for each trace
point.

<power>,...

The unit is always dBm/Hz.

The following parameters are supported.

TRACE1

●

9.6.1.16 Spectrum Emission Mask

For the SEM measurement, the number and type of returns values depend on the param­eter.

TRACE1

●

Returns one value for each trace point.

<absolute power>, ...

The unit is always dBm.

LIST

●

Returns the contents of the SEM table. For every frequency in the spectrum emission
mask, it returns nine values.

<index>, <start frequency in Hz>, <stop frequency in Hz>, <RBW
in Hz>, <limit fail frequency in Hz>, <absolute power in dBm>,
<relative power in dBc>, <limit distance in dB>, <limit check
result>, ...
The <limit check result> is either a 0 (for PASS) or a 1 (for FAIL).

9.6.1.17 Return Value Codes

This chapter contains a list for encoded return values.

<allocation ID>

Represents the allocation ID. The value is a number in the range {1...-70}.

1 = Reference symbol

●

0 = Data symbol

●

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R&S®FSQ-K10x (LTE Uplink)

-1 = Invalid

●

-40 = PUSCH

●

-41 = DMRS PUSCH

●

-42 = SRS PUSCH

●

-50 = PUCCH

●

-51 = DMRS PUCCH

●

-70 = PRACH

●

<codeword>

Represents the codeword of an allocation. The range is {0...2}.

0 = 1/1

●

1 = 1/2

●

2 = 2/2

●

<modulation>

Remote Commands

Remote Commands to Read Trace Data

Represents the modulation scheme. The range is {0...8}.

0 = unrecognized

●

1 = RBPSK

●

2 = QPSK

●

3 = 16QAM

●

4 = 64QAM

●

5 = 8PSK

●

6 = PSK

●

7 = mixed modulation

●

8 = BPSK

●

<number of symbols or bits>

In hexadecimal mode, this represents the number of symbols to be transmitted. In binary
mode, it represents the number of bits to be transmitted.

TRACe[:DATA]? <Result>

This command returns the trace data for the current measurement or result display.

For more information see chapter 9.6.1, "Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command",
on page 91.

Query parameters:

<TraceNumber> TRACE1 | TRACE2 | TRACE3

LIST

Usage: Query only

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