®
R&S
FSPN
Phase Noise Analyzer
Getting Started
(;Ý[Ô2)
1179437002
Version 01
This document describes the following R&S®FSPN models:
●
R&S®FSPN8 (1322.8003K06)
●
R&S®FSPN26 (1322.8003K24)
© 2021 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1179.4370.02 | Version 01 | R&S®FSPN
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g.
R&S®FSPN is indicated as R&S FSPN.
R&S®FSPN
Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety Instructions
1 Safety and Regulatory Information
The product documentation helps you use the product safely and efficiently. Follow the instructions provided here and in the Chapter 1.1, "Safety Instructions",
on page 3.
Intended use
The product is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments. Use the product only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating
conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Target audience
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you of potential
dangers and gives instructions on how to prevent personal injury or damage
caused by dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
In Chapter 1.1, "Safety Instructions", on page 3. The same information is
provided in many languages as printed "Safety Instructions". The printed
"Safety Instructions" are delivered with the product.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you
need to take care during setup or operation.
1.1 Safety Instructions
Products from the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies are manufactured
according to the highest technical standards. To use the products safely, follow
the instructions provided here and in the product documentation. Keep the product documentation nearby and offer it to other users.
Use the product only for its intended use and within its performance limits. Intended use and limits are described in the product documentation such as the data
sheet, manuals and the printed "Safety Instructions". If you are unsure about the
appropriate use, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
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Using the product requires specialists or specially trained personnel. These users
also need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user
interfaces and the product documentation are available.
Never open the casing of the product. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product. If any part of the product is
damaged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer
service at http://www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com.
Lifting and carrying the product
The product is heavy. Do not move or carry the product by yourself. A single person can only carry a maximum of 18 kg safely depending on age, gender and
physical condition. Look up the maximum weight in the data sheet. Use the product handles to move or carry the product. Do not lift by the accessories mounted
on the product. Accessories are not designed to carry the weight of the product.
Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety Instructions
To move the product safely, you can use lifting or transporting equipment such as
lift trucks and forklifts. Follow the instructions provided by the equipment manufacturer.
Choosing the operating site
Only use the product indoors. The product casing is not waterproof. Water that
enters can electrically connect the casing with live parts, which can lead to electric shock, serious personal injury or death if you touch the casing. If
Rohde & Schwarz provides accessories designed for your product, e.g. a carrying
bag, you can use the product outdoors.
Unless otherwise specified, you can operate the product up to an altitude of
2000 m above sea level. The product is suitable for pollution degree 2 environments where nonconductive contamination can occur. For more information on
environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the
data sheet.
Setting up the product
Always place the product on a stable, flat and level surface with the bottom of the
product facing down. If the product is designed for different positions, secure the
product so that it cannot fall over.
If the product has foldable feet, always fold the feet completely in or out to ensure
stability. The feet can collapse if they are not folded out completely or if the prod-
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R&S®FSPN
uct is moved without lifting it. The foldable feet are designed to carry the weight of
the product, but not an extra load.
If stacking is possible, keep in mind that a stack of products can fall over and
cause injury.
If you mount products in a rack, ensure that the rack has sufficient load capacity
and stability. Observe the specifications of the rack manufacturer. Always install
the products from the bottom shelf to the top shelf so that the rack stands
securely. Secure the product so that it cannot fall off the rack.
Connecting to power
The product is an overvoltage category II product. Connect the product to a fixed
installation used to supply energy-consuming equipment such as household
appliances and similar loads. Keep in mind that electrically powered products
have risks, such as electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety Instructions
Take the following measures for your safety:
●
Before switching on the product, ensure that the voltage and frequency indicated on the product match the available power source. If the power adapter
does not adjust automatically, set the correct value and check the rating of the
fuse.
●
Only use the power cable delivered with the product. It complies with countryspecific safety requirements. Only insert the plug into an outlet with protective
conductor terminal.
●
Only use intact cables and route them carefully so that they cannot be damaged. Check the power cables regularly to ensure that they are undamaged.
Also ensure that nobody can trip over loose cables.
●
If the product needs an external power supply, use the power supply that is
delivered with the product or that is recommended in the product documentation or a power supply that conforms to the country-specific regulations.
●
Only connect the product to a power source with a fuse protection of maximum 20 A.
●
Ensure that you can disconnect the product from the power source at any
time. Pull the power plug to disconnect the product. The power plug must be
easily accessible. If the product is integrated into a system that does not meet
these requirements, provide an easily accessible circuit breaker at the system
level.
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Safety and Regulatory Information
Warning Messages in the Documentation
Cleaning the product
Use a dry, lint-free cloth to clean the product. When cleaning, keep in mind that
the casing is not waterproof. Do not use liquid cleaning agents.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential hazards.
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
Heavy product
Be careful when lifting, moving or carrying the product. Carrying the product requires
a sufficient number of persons or transport equipment.
Electrical hazard
Indicates live parts. Risk of electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Hot surface
Do not touch. Risk of skin burns. Risk of fire.
Protective conductor terminal
Connect this terminal to a grounded external conductor or to protective ground. This
connection protects you against electric shock if an electric problem occurs.
1.2 Warning Messages in the Documentation
A warning message points out a risk or danger that you need to be aware of. The
signal word indicates the severity of the safety hazard and how likely it will occur
if you do not follow the safety precautions.
WARNING
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in death or serious injury if not avoided.
CAUTION
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in minor or moderate injury if not
avoided.
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NOTICE
Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to
other property.
Safety and Regulatory Information
Korea Certification Class A
1.3 Korea Certification Class A
이 기기는 업무용(A급) 전자파 적합기기로서 판매자 또는 사용자는 이 점을 주의하
시기 바라며, 가정외의 지역에서 사용하는 것을 목적으로 합니다.
7Getting Started 1179.4370.02 ─ 01
R&S®FSPN
Documentation Overview
Service Manual
2 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSPN user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSPN product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSPN
2.1 Getting Started Manual
Introduces the R&S FSPN and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general
information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for
download on the Internet.
2.2 User Manuals and Help
The user manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions.
It also provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the
remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the
getting started manual.
The contents of the user manual are available as help in the R&S FSPN. The
help offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the
instrument and its firmware.
The user manual is also available for download or for immediate display on the
Internet.
2.3 Service Manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module
replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination,
and contains mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
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Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The service manual is available for registered users on the global
Rohde & Schwarz information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
Documentation Overview
2.4 Instrument Security Procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSPN in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
2.5 Printed Safety Instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with the product.
2.6 Data Sheets and Brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSPN. It also lists
the firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific
characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSPN
2.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of
the used open source software.
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Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSPN
Documentation Overview
2.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on
particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSPN
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Choosing the Operating Site
Preparing for Use
3 Preparing for Use
Here, you can find basic information about setting up the instrument for the first
time.
3.1 Lifting and Carrying
The carrying handles are designed to lift or carry the instrument. Do not apply
excessive external force to the handles.
See "Lifting and carrying the product" on page 4.
3.2 Unpacking and Checking
1. Unpack the R&S FSPN carefully.
2. Retain the original packing material. Use it when transporting or shipping the
R&S FSPN later.
3. Using the delivery notes, check the equipment for completeness.
4. Check the equipment for damage.
If the delivery is incomplete or equipment is damaged, contact
Rohde & Schwarz.
3.3 Choosing the Operating Site
Specific operating conditions ensure proper operation and avoid damage to the
product and connected devices. For information on environmental conditions
such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
See also "Choosing the operating site" on page 4.
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R&S®FSPN
Setting Up the R&S FSPN
Electromagnetic compatibility classes
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) class indicates where you can operate
the product. The EMC class of the product is given in the data sheet under "General data".
●
Class B equipment is suitable for use in:
– Residential environments
– Environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network
that supplies residential buildings
●
Class A equipment is intended for use in industrial environments. It can cause
radio disturbances in residential environments due to possible conducted and
radiated disturbances. It is therefore not suitable for class B environments.
If class A equipment causes radio disturbances, take appropriate measures to
eliminate them.
Preparing for Use
3.4 Setting Up the R&S FSPN
The R&S FSPN is designed for use on a bench top or in a rack.
See also:
●
"Setting up the product" on page 4
●
"Intended use" on page 3
3.4.1 Placing the Product on a Bench Top
To place the product on a bench top
1. Place the product on a stable, flat and level surface. Ensure that the surface
can support the weight of the product. For information on the weight, see the
data sheet.
2. WARNING! A stack of products can fall over and cause injury. Never stack
more than two products. Otherwise, mount them in a rack.
Stack as follows:
● All products must have the same dimensions (width and length).
● Do not exceed a total load of 50 kg placed on the product at the bottom of
the stack.
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R&S®FSPN
Left = Stacked correctly
Right = Stacked incorrectly, too many products
3. NOTICE! Overheating can damage the product.
Prevent overheating as follows:
Preparing for Use
Setting Up the R&S FSPN
● Keep a minimum distance of 10 cm between the fan openings of the prod-
uct and any object in the vicinity.
● Do not place the product next to heat-generating equipment such as radia-
tors or other products.
3.4.2 Mounting the R&S FSPN in a Rack
To prepare the rack
1. Observe the requirements and instructions in "Setting up the product"
on page 4.
2. NOTICE! Insufficient airflow can cause overheating and damage the product.
Design and implement an efficient ventilation concept for the rack.
To mount the R&S FSPN in a rack
1. Use an adapter kit to prepare the R&S FSPN for rack mounting.
a) Order the rack adapter kit designed for the R&S FSPN. For the order num-
ber, see the data sheet.
b) Mount the adapter kit. Follow the assembly instructions provided with the
adapter kit.
2. Lift the R&S FSPN to shelf height.
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R&S®FSPN
Connecting the AC Power
3. Grab the handles and push the R&S FSPN onto the shelf until the rack brackets fit closely to the rack.
4. Tighten all screws in the rack brackets with a tightening torque of 1.2 Nm to
secure the R&S FSPN in the rack.
To unmount the R&S FSPN from a rack
1. Loosen the screws at the rack brackets.
2. Remove the R&S FSPN from the rack.
3. If placing the R&S FSPN on a bench top again, unmount the adapter kit from
the R&S FSPN. Follow the instructions provided with the adapter kit.
Preparing for Use
3.5 Connecting the AC Power
In the standard version, the R&S FSPN is equipped with an AC power supply
connector.
The R&S FSPN can be used with different AC power voltages and adapts itself
automatically to it. Refer to the datasheet for the requirements of voltage and frequency.
For safety information, see "Connecting to power" on page 5.
To connect the AC power
1. Plug the AC power cable into the AC power connector on the rear panel of the
instrument. Only use the AC power cable delivered with the R&S FSPN.
2. Plug the AC power cable into a power outlet with ground contact.
The required ratings are listed next to the AC power connector and in the data
sheet.
For details on the connector, refer to Chapter 4.2.2, "AC Power Supply Connec-
tion and Main Power Switch", on page 37.
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Preparing for Use
Switching the Instrument On and Off
3.6 Switching the Instrument On and Off
Table 3-1: Overview of power states
Status LED on Power key Position of main power switch
Off
Standby
Ready
gray
orange
green
[0]
[I]
[I]
To switch on the R&S FSPN
The R&S FSPN is off but connected to power.
1. Set the switch on the power supply to position [I].
See Chapter 4.2.2, "AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch",
on page 37.
The LED of the Power key is orange.
See Chapter 4.1.2, "Power Key", on page 29.
2. Press the Power key.
See Table 3-1.
The LED changes to green.
The R&S FSPN boots.
After booting, the instrument is ready for operation.
Warm-up time for OCXO
When the instrument is switched on, the OCXO requires an extended warmup time (see data sheet).
To shut down the product
The product is in the ready state.
► Press the [Power] key.
The operating system shuts down. The LED changes to orange.
If the instrument temperature exceeds the limit specified in the data sheet,
the R&S FSPN automatically shuts down to protect the instrument from
damage.
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R&S®FSPN
To disconnect from power
The R&S FSPN is in the standby state.
1. NOTICE! Risk of data loss. If you disconnect the product from power when it
is in the ready state, you can lose settings and data. Shut it down first.
Set the switch on the power supply to position [0].
See Chapter 4.2.2, "AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch",
on page 37.
The LED of the standby key is switched off.
2. Disconnect the R&S FSPN from the power source.
Preparing for Use
Connecting to LAN
3.7 Connecting to LAN
You can connect the instrument to a LAN for remote operation via a PC.
Provided the network administrator has assigned you the appropriate rights and
adapted the Windows firewall configuration, you can use the interface, for example:
●
To transfer data between a controlling device and the test device, e.g. to run a
remote control program
●
To access or control the measurement from a remote computer using the
"Remote Desktop" application (or a similar tool)
●
To connect external network devices (e.g. printers)
●
To transfer data from a remote computer and back, e.g. using network folders
Network environment
Before connecting the product to a local area network (LAN), consider the following:
●
Install the latest firmware to reduce security risks.
●
For internet or remote access, use secured connections, if applicable.
●
Ensure that the network settings comply with the security policies of your company. Contact your local system administrator or IT department before connecting your product to your company LAN.
●
When connected to the LAN, the product may potentially be accessed from
the internet, which may be a security risk. For example, attackers might misuse or damage the product. For more information about IT security and how to
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R&S®FSPN
operate the product in a secure LAN environment, see the Rohde & Schwarz
white paper 1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10.
► NOTICE! Risk of network failure.
Consult your network administrator before performing the following tasks:
● Connecting the instrument to the network
● Configuring the network
● Changing IP addresses
● Exchanging hardware
Errors can affect the entire network.
Connect the R&S FSPN to the LAN via the LAN interface on the rear panel of
the instrument.
Windows automatically detects the network connection and activates the
required drivers.
By default, the R&S FSPN is configured to use DHCP and no static IP
address is configured.
Preparing for Use
Connecting a Keyboard
The default instrument name is <Type><variant>-<serial_number>, for
example, FSPN6-123456. For information on determining the serial number,
see Chapter 4.2.12, "Device ID", on page 40.
For more information on LAN configuration, see the R&S FSPN user manual.
3.8 Connecting a Keyboard
The keyboard is detected automatically when it is connected. The default input
language is English – US.
However, you can also connect foreign language keyboards; currently the following languages are supported for the R&S FSPN:
●
German
●
Swiss
●
French
●
Russian
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R&S®FSPN
Connecting an External Monitor
To configure the keyboard language
1. To access the Windows operating system, press the Windows key on the
external keyboard.
2. Select "Start > Settings > Time & language > Region & language > Add a language" .
Preparing for Use
3.9 Connecting an External Monitor
You can connect an external monitor (or projector) to the "DVI" or "Display port"
connector on the rear panel of the R&S FSPN (see also Chapter 4.2.3, "Display
Port and DVI", on page 38).
Screen resolution and format
The touchscreen of the R&S FSPN is calibrated for a 16:10 format. If you
connect a monitor or projector using a different format (e.g. 4:3), the calibration is not correct and the screen does not react to your touch actions properly.
The touchscreen has a screen resolution of 1280x800 pixels. Usually, the
display of the external monitor is a duplicate of the instrument's monitor.
If you configure the external monitor to be used as the only display in the
Windows configuration dialog box ("Show only on 2"), the maximum screen
resolution of the monitor is used. In this case, you can maximize the
R&S FSPN application window and see even more details. You cannot
change the monitor's screen resolution via the standard Windows configuration dialog box.
However, you can restore the default instrument resolution (1280x800) on
the monitor using the instrument function "Setup" > "Display" > "Configure
Monitor" > "Screen Resolution: Restore to default".
The R&S FSPN supports a minimum resolution of 1280x768 pixels.
1. Connect the external monitor to the R&S FSPN.
2. Press the [Setup] key.
3. Press the "Display" softkey.
4. Select the "Configure Monitor" tab in the "Display" dialog box.
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R&S®FSPN
Windows Operating System
The standard Windows "Screen Resolution" dialog box is displayed.
Preparing for Use
5. Select the instrument for display:
● "Display 1" : internal monitor only
● "Display 2" : external monitor only
● "Duplicate" : both internal and external monitor
6. Tap "Apply" to try out the settings before they are accepted permanently, then
you can easily return to the previous settings, if necessary.
7. Select "OK" if the settings are suitable.
3.10 Windows Operating System
The instrument contains the Microsoft Windows operating system which has been
configured according to the instrument's features and needs. Changes in the system setup are only required when peripherals like a keyboard or a printer are
installed or if the network configuration does not comply with the default settings.
After the R&S FSPN is started, the operating system boots and the instrument
firmware is started automatically.
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R&S®FSPN
Windows Operating System
Tested software
The drivers and programs used on the instrument under Microsoft Windows are
adapted to the instrument. Only install update software released by
Rohde & Schwarz to modify existing instrument software.
You can install additional software on the instrument; however, additional software can impair instrument function. Thus, run only programs that
Rohde & Schwarz has tested for compatibility with the instrument software.
The following program packages have been tested:
●
Symantec Endpoint Security – virus-protection software
●
FileShredder - for reliable deletion of files on the hard disk
Service packs and updates
Microsoft regularly creates security updates and other patches to protect Windows-based operating systems. These are released through the Microsoft Update
website and associated update server. Instruments using Windows, especially
those that connect to a network, should be updated regularly.
Preparing for Use
Firewall settings
A firewall protects an instrument by preventing unauthorized users from gaining
access to it through a network. Rohde & Schwarz highly recommends the use of
the firewall on your instrument. Rohde & Schwarz instruments are shipped with
the Windows firewall enabled and preconfigured in such a way that all ports and
connections for remote control are enabled.
Note that changing firewall settings requires administrator rights.
Virus protection
Take appropriate steps to protect your instruments from infection. Use strong firewall settings and scan any removable storage device used with a
Rohde & Schwarz instrument regularly. It is also recommended that you install
anti-virus software on the instrument. Rohde & Schwarz does NOT recommend
running anti-virus software in the background ("on-access" mode) on Windowsbased instruments, due to potentially degrading instrument performance. However, Rohde & Schwarz does recommend running it during non-critical hours.
For details and recommendations, see the following Rohde & Schwarz white
paper:
●
1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10
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R&S®FSPN
To access the "Start" menu
The Windows "Start" menu provides access to the Microsoft Windows functionality and installed programs.
► Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar, or press the "Windows" key or the
[CTRL + ESC] key combination on the (external) keyboard.
The "Start" menu and the Windows taskbar are displayed.
The Windows taskbar also provides quick access to commonly used programs, for example Paint or WordPad. IECWIN, the auxiliary remote control
tool provided free of charge and installed by Rohde & Schwarz, is also available from the taskbar or "Start" menu.
For details on the IECWIN tool, see the "Network and Remote Control"
chapter of the R&S FSPN user manual.
Preparing for Use
Logging On
All necessary system settings can be defined in the "Start > Settings" menu.
For required settings, refer to the Microsoft Windows documentation and to the
hardware description.
3.11 Logging On
Microsoft Windows requires that users identify themselves by entering a user
name and password in a login window. By default, the R&S FSPN provides two
user accounts:
●
"Instrument": a standard user account with limited access
●
"Admin" or "Administrator" (depends on firmware image): an administrator
account with unrestricted access to the computer/domain
Some administrative tasks require administrator rights (e.g. the configuration of a
LAN network). Refer to the description of the basic instrument Setup ([Setup]
menu) to find out which functions are affected.
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Passwords
For all default user accounts, the initial password is 894129. Note that this password is very weak, and it is recommended that you change the password for both
users after initial login. An administrator can change the password in Microsoft
Windows for any user at any time via "Start > Settings > Account > SignIn
Options > Password > Change".
Auto-login
When shipped, the instrument automatically logs on the default "Instrument" user
to Microsoft Windows using the default password. This function is active until an
administrator explicitly deactivates it or changes the password.
Changing the password and use of auto-login function
Note that when you change the default password, the default auto-login
function no longer works!
Preparing for Use
Logging On
In this case, you must enter the new password manually to log on.
Adapting the auto-login function to a new password
If you change the password that is used during auto-login, this function no longer
works. Adapt the settings for the auto-login function first.
1. Open the C:\R_S\INSTR\USER\user\AUTOLOGIN.REG file in any text editor (e.g. Notepad).
2. In the line "DefaultPassword"="894129", replace the default password
(894129) by the new password for automatic login.
3. Save the changes to the file.
4. In the Windows "Start" menu, select "Run".
The "Run" dialog box is displayed.
5. Enter the command C:\R_S\INSTR\USER\user\AUTOLOGIN.REG.
6. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm.
The auto-login function is reactivated with the changed password. It will be
applied the next time the instrument is switched on.
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Checking the Supplied Options
Switching users when using the auto-login function
Which user account is used is defined during login. If auto-login is active, the
login window is not displayed. However, you can switch the user account to be
used even when the auto-login function is active.
1. Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar to access the operating system of the
R&S FSPN (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 21).
2. Press [CTRL] + [ALT] + [DEL], then select "Sign out".
The "Login" dialog box is displayed, in which you can enter the different user
account name and password.
For information on deactivating and reactivating the auto-login function, see the
R&S FSPN user manual.
Preparing for Use
3.12 Checking the Supplied Options
The instrument can be equipped with both hardware and firmware options. To
check whether the installed options correspond to the options indicated on the
delivery note, proceed as follows.
1. Press the [SETUP] key.
2. Press the "System Config" softkey.
3. Switch to the "Versions + Options" tab in the "System Configuration" dialog
box.
A list with hardware and firmware information is displayed.
4. Check the availability of the hardware options as indicated in the delivery
note.
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Considerations for Test Setup
Preparing for Use
3.13 Performing a Self-Alignment
When strong temperature changes occur in the environment of the R&S FSPN, or
after updating the firmware, you have to perform a self-alignment to align the data
to a reference source.
During self-alignment, do not connect a signal to the RF input connector. Running
a self-alignment with a signal connected to the RF input can lead to false measurement results.
Performing a self-alignment
Before performing this functional test, make sure that the instrument has reached
its operating temperature (for details, refer to the data sheet).
A message in the status bar ( "Instrument warming up..." ) indicates that the operating temperature has not yet been reached.
Depending on the installation settings, an automatic self-alignment is performed
each time the instrument is switched on. A dialog is displayed indicating how
much warm-up time is still required before self-alignment can be performed.
1. Press the [Setup] key.
2. Press the "Alignment" softkey.
3. Select the "Start Self Alignment" button in the "Alignment" dialog box.
Once the system correction values have been calculated successfully, a message is displayed.
To display the alignment results again later
●
Press the [SETUP] key.
●
Press the "Alignment" softkey.
3.14 Considerations for Test Setup
Cable selection and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
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Considerations for Test Setup
To suppress electromagnetic radiation during operation:
●
Use high-quality shielded cables, for example, double-shielded RF and LAN
cables.
●
Always terminate open cable ends.
●
Ensure that connected external devices comply with EMC regulations.
Preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when you connect or disconnect a
DUT.
► NOTICE! Risk of electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge can damage
the electronic components of the product and the device under test (DUT).
Ground yourself to prevent electrostatic discharge damage:
a) Use a wrist strap and cord to connect yourself to ground.
b) Use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
Preparing for Use
Signal input and output levels
Information on signal levels is provided in the data sheet. Keep the signal levels
within the specified ranges to avoid damage to the R&S FSPN and connected
devices.
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Instrument Tour
Front Panel View
4 Instrument Tour
On the instrument tour, you can learn about the different control elements and
connectors on the front and back panel of the R&S FSPN.
● Front Panel View.............................................................................................26
● Rear Panel View..............................................................................................36
4.1 Front Panel View
This chapter describes the front panel, including all function keys and connectors.
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 9 108
Figure 4-1: Front panel of the R&S FSPN
1 = Display (touchscreen)
2 = Power key
3 = System control keys
4 = USB 2.0 interfaces
5 = Power sensor connector
6 = Probe power connector
7 = DC power connectors
8 = Baseband connector
9 = RF input
10 = Trigger in- and output
13
12
11
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Instrument Tour
Front Panel View
11 = Keypad
12 = Navigation control
13 = Function keys
● Display (Touchscreen).....................................................................................27
● Power Key.......................................................................................................29
● System Control Keys.......................................................................................29
● The Function Keys.......................................................................................... 30
● The Keypad.....................................................................................................31
● Navigation Control...........................................................................................32
● RF Input 50 Ohm.............................................................................................34
● USB Ports....................................................................................................... 34
● Power Sensors................................................................................................34
● Probe Power Connector (3 Pins).................................................................... 34
● Baseband Input...............................................................................................35
● Trigger Input and Output................................................................................. 35
● DC Power Supply............................................................................................35
4.1.1 Display (Touchscreen)
The touchscreen on the front panel of the R&S FSPN displays the measurement
results. Additionally, the screen display provides status and setting information
and allows you to switch between various measurement tasks. The screen is
touch-sensitive, offering an alternative means of user interaction for quick and
easy handling of the instrument.
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Instrument Tour
Front Panel View
1 2 3 7 9
4 5
6
8
1 = Toolbar: contains general functionality of the firmware.
2 = Channel tab: contains measurement channel.
3 = Channel bar: shows measurement settings.
4 = Result display: contains measurement results.
5 = Window title bar: contains diagram-specific (trace) information.
6 = Status bar: contains system messages, progress bar and date and time.
7 = Input field.
8 = Diagram footer: contains diagram-specific information.
9 = Softkeys: provide access to measurement functions.
A touchscreen is a screen that is touch-sensitive, i.e. it reacts in a specified way
when a particular element on the screen is tapped by a finger or a pointing
device, for example. Any user interface elements that can be clicked on by a
mouse pointer can also be tapped on the screen to trigger the same behavior,
and vice versa.
Using the touchscreen, the following tasks (among others) can be performed by
the tap of your finger:
●
Changing a setting
●
Changing the display
●
Moving a marker
●
Zooming into a diagram
●
Selecting a new evaluation method
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Instrument Tour
Front Panel View
●
Scrolling through a result list
●
Saving or printing results and settings
To imitate a right-click by mouse using the touchscreen, for example to open a
context-sensitive menu for a specific item, press the screen for about 1 second.
4.1.2 Power Key
The power key is on the lower left corner of the front panel. It
starts up and shuts down the instrument.
See also "Connecting to power" on page 5.
4.1.3 System Control Keys
System control keys provide access to the basic instrument configuration.
Refer to the User Manual for an extensive description of the system configuration
functionality.
Resets the instrument to its default configuration.
Selects a particular measurement application or operating mode.
Provides functionality to configure basic instrument characteristics, for
example:
●
the LAN connection
●
the date and time
●
the display configuration
●
the reference frequency
●
firmware update and application installation
●
service functions
●
transducer configuration
Provides access to the on-screen keyboard.
Turns full screen mode on and off.
Selects a window in split screen mode or browses through active windows
in full screen mode.
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Instrument Tour
Front Panel View
4.1.4 The Function Keys
Function keys provide access to the most common measurement settings and
functions.
Refer to the user manual for an extensive description of the measurement settings and functions.
Provides functionality to define frequency parameters, for example:
Provides functionality to configure amplitude or level characteristics, for
example:
Provides functionality to automatically define various parameters like the
level or frequency.
Provides functionality to define various filter bandwidths.
Provides functionality to configure the measurement, for example:
Provides functionality to configure data acquisition and analyze measured
data, for example:
Provides functionality to activate and position absolute and relative markers
(markers and delta markers).
Performs a peak search for active markers.
If no marker is active, marker 1 is activated and the peak search is per-
formed for it.
Provides functionality to position and control markers, for example:
●
to configure the marker search
●
to configure the peak excursion
Provides the measurement functions, for example:
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Provides functionality to configure the measurement.
Provides functionality to control display and limit lines.
Provides functionality to configure inputs and outputs.
Starts a measurement in single measurement mode.
Starts a measurement in continuous measurement mode.
4.1.5 The Keypad
Instrument Tour
Front Panel View
The alphanumeric keys allow you to enter alphanumeric characters where necessary (for example in dialog boxes or input fields). The keypad containing the
alphanumeric keys also provides keys that select a particular unit.
Provide access to numbers and (special) characters.
...
Inserts a decimal point at the cursor position (".").
Changes the sign of a numeric value or inserts a dash character ("-") in
case of alphanumeric input.
Select a particular unit for a numeric value. The labels on and next to the
key state the units it selects.
...
Pressing one of the unit keys also completes the entry of a numeric value.
Note that in case of level entries (dB, dBm etc.) or dimensionless values, all
unit keys have the value "1" as multiplying factor and thus work like the
[ENTER] key..
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Front Panel View
Provides the following functions:
In dialog boxes:
●
Closes all kinds of dialog boxes if edit mode is not active.
●
Quits edit mode if it is active.
●
Selects the "Cancel" button when available.
In "Edit" dialog boxes:
●
If data entry has been started, it retains the original value and closes
the dialog box.
●
If data entry has not been started or has been completed, it closes the
dialog box.
Deletes the character to the left of the cursor (if an (alpha)numeric entry has
been started already.
Provides the following functions:
●
Completes the entry of input made with the alphanumeric keys (numeric
or alphanumeric) and accepts the input.
If you enter a numeric value that has a unit, the [ENTER] key works like
the [HZ/DB] key.
●
Selects the default or focused element in dialog boxes.
4.1.6 Navigation Control
Navigation control consists of a rotary knob and cursor keys. These keys allow
you to navigate within the display or within dialog boxes.
In addition to the rotary knob and the cursor keys, the navigation control also provides undo / redo functionality.
Rotary knob
The rotary knob allows you to do several things:
●
It increases or decreases any kind of numeric value. In most cases, the rotary
knob changes numeric values with a fixed step size.
Turning it to the right corresponds to an increase, turning it to the left to a
decrease of a numeric value.
●
It works like a cursor key in dialog boxes or lists (for example dropdown
menus). In that case you can navigate to one of the items with the rotary
knob. If the dialog box covers more than one screen page, it also scrolls
through the dialog box.
Turning it to the right corresponds to a downward movement. Moving it to the
left to an upward movement.
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Instrument Tour
Front Panel View
●
It moves around markers and other graphical elements on the screen. In most
cases, the step size is fix.
●
Pressing the rotary knob has the same effect as pressing the [ENTER] key as
it confirms an entry or selection.
Cursor keys
The cursor keys allow you to do several things:
●
The up and down keys increase or decrease any kind of numeric value if an
input field is active.
The cursor keys change numeric values with a fixed step size.
●
The cursor keys navigate through dialog boxes or lists (for example dropdown
menus).
●
The left and right keys move the cursor in an input field in the corresponding
direction.
●
The up and down keys move markers around.
The step size is fix.
●
The cursor keys allow you to navigate to a cell in a table.
●
The cursor keys move a scroll bar (vertical or horizontal) in dialog boxes that
have one.
Undo and redo functionality
Reverts the software to an older state by erasing the last change you have
applied.
The undo function is useful, for example, if you are performing a measurement with several markers and a limit line and accidentally select a different
measurement. In this case, a lot of settings would be lost. However, if you
press [UNDO] immediately afterwards, the previous status is retrieved.
Reverses an undo action or repeats the most recently performed action.
The [UNDO] function is not available after a [PRESET] or "RECALL" operation. When these functions are used, the history of previous actions is
deleted.
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Instrument Tour
Front Panel View
4.1.7 RF Input 50 Ohm
Provides RF input from a connected device under test (DUT) to the R&S FSPN,
which is then analyzed in an RF measurement. Connect the DUT to the "RF
Input" connector on the R&S FSPN. Do not overload the input. For maximum
allowed values, see the data sheet.
The RF input can be coupled to the DUT by alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. This is the
default setting to prevent damage to the instrument. However, some specifications require DC coupling. In this case, you must protect the instrument from
damaging DC input voltages manually. For details, refer to the data sheet. For
details on coupling, see the chapter on radio frequency input in the R&S FSPN
user manual.
See also Chapter 3.14, "Considerations for Test Setup", on page 24.
4.1.8 USB Ports
The three USB ports on the front panel (type A) allow you to connect devices like
keyboards, mouses or memory sticks.
The R&S FSPN provides additional USB ports (including one type B port) on
the rear panel.
All USB ports support standard 2.0.
4.1.9 Power Sensors
The female Lemosa connector allows you to connect power sensors of the
R&S NRP-Zxy family to the R&S FSPN.
For an extensive list of supported power sensors, refer to the data sheet.
For details on configuring and using power sensors, see the User Manual.
4.1.10 Probe Power Connector (3 Pins)
The Probe Power connector allows you to supply external equipment with power
(for example probes or transducers).
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Instrument Tour
Front Panel View
The three-pinned probe power connector supports supply voltages from +15 V to
-12.6 V and ground. The maximum permissible current is 150 mA. This probe
power connector is suitable, for example, for high-impedance probes.
4.1.11 Baseband Input
The "Baseband Input 50 Ω" connector is a female BNC connector that you can
use to connect a DUT for baseband noise measurements. Do not overload the
input. For maximum allowed values, see the data sheet.
4.1.12 Trigger Input and Output
The female BNC connector labeled "Trigger Input / Output" allows you to receive
an external trigger signal or send a trigger signal to another device.
When you are using the connector as a trigger input, you can apply voltages in
the range from 0.5 V to 3.5 V (the default value is 1.4 V). The typical input impedance is 10 kΩ.
When you are using the connector as a trigger output, the TTL compatible signal
is transmitted (0 V / 5 V).
Note that you can find another connector for trigger input and output on the rear
panel.
For more information about controlling and configuring trigger input and output,
refer to the User Manual.
4.1.13 DC Power Supply
The female BNC connectors labeled "V
ply external devices, for example a DUT or an external reference oscillator, with
the required voltage.
The V
connector provides supply voltage from 0 V to +16 V, for example to
Supply
provide voltage for an oscillator. The supported maximum current is 2000 mA.
Tune
", "V
" and "V
Aux
" allow you to sup-
Supply
The V
connector provides tuning voltage from ‑10 V to +28 V. The supported
Tune
maximum current is 20 mA.
The V
connector provides DC voltage from ‑10 V to +10 V. The supported max-
Aux
imum current is 100 mA.
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Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
For more information about configuring the DC Power supply, refer to the User
Manual.
4.2 Rear Panel View
This figure shows the rear panel view of the R&S FSPN. The individual elements
are described in more detail in the subsequent sections.
1 23 4 5
6 7
8 9 10
11
Figure 4-2: Rear panel of the R&S FSPN
1 = Removable hard disk
2 = AC power connector and power switch
3 = DisplayPort and DVI
4 = LAN interface
5 = USB ports
6 = IF / Video / Demod output
7 = Trigger in- / output
8 = Sync trigger input and output
9 = AUX port
10 = GPIB interface
11 = Ref input and output
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R&S®FSPN
For information about the trigger in- and output available on the rear panel, see
Chapter 4.1.12, "Trigger Input and Output", on page 35.
The digital baseband in- and outputs shown in the image above are not supported
by the R&S FSPN.
● Removable Hard Disk..................................................................................... 37
● AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch.................................. 37
● Display Port and DVI.......................................................................................38
● LAN................................................................................................................. 38
● USB Ports....................................................................................................... 38
● Sync Trigger Input and Output........................................................................ 38
● Aux. Port......................................................................................................... 39
● GPIB Interface.................................................................................................39
● OCXO..............................................................................................................39
● REF INPUT / REF OUTPUT........................................................................... 39
● Labels on R&S FSPN......................................................................................40
● Device ID.........................................................................................................40
Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
4.2.1 Removable Hard Disk
The removable hard disk is accessible from the rear of the instrument.
In addition to the operating system and the firmware, the R&S FSPN also stores
measurement data on that disk. When you remove the hard disk, you can store it
and the data on it somewhere secure.
4.2.2 AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch
An AC power supply connector and main power switch are located in a unit on
the rear panel of the instrument.
Main power switch function:
Position 1: The instrument can be started via the Power key on the front panel.
The OCXO reference frequency is warmed up.
Position O: The entire instrument is disconnected from the AC power supply.
For details, refer to "Connecting to power" on page 5 and Chapter 3.5, "Connect-
ing the AC Power", on page 14.
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Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
4.2.3 Display Port and DVI
You can connect an external monitor or other display device to the R&S FSPN to
provide an enlarged display. Two different types of connectors are provided for
this purpose:
●
Display Port
●
DVI (digital visual interface)
For details, see Chapter 3.9, "Connecting an External Monitor", on page 18.
4.2.4 LAN
The R&S FSPN is equipped with a 1 GBit Ethernet IEEE 802.3u network interface
with Auto-MDI(X) functionality. The assignment of the RJ-45 connector supports
twisted-pair category 5 UTP/STP cables in a star configuration (UTP stands for
unshielded twisted pair, and STP for shielded twisted pair).
For details, see the R&S FSPN user manual.
4.2.5 USB Ports
The four USB ports on the rear panel (type A) allow you to connect devices like
keyboards, mouses or memory sticks.
The male USB connector (type B) allows you to connect the R&S FSPN to a computer and establish a remote control connection, for example.
All USB connectors support standard 2.0.
4.2.6 Sync Trigger Input and Output
The "Sync Trigger Input / Output" connectors allow you to synchronize several
devices (for example two R&S FSPNs) with respect to the trigger signal, but also
the reference frequency. A 100 MHz signal can be output as a trigger or reference
signal to another device, and an external trigger or reference signal can be
received at the input connector by the R&S FSPN.
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Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
4.2.7 Aux. Port
A 9-pole SUB-D male connector used to provide low-voltage TTL
control signals (max. 5 V). The output signals can be used to control external devices.
4.2.8 GPIB Interface
The GPIB interface is in compliance with IEEE488 and SCPI. A computer for
remote control can be connected via this interface. To set up the connection, a
shielded cable is recommended.
For more details, refer to "Setting Up Remote Control" in the R&S FSPN user
manual.
4.2.9 OCXO
The OCXO generates a 10 MHz reference signal with a very precise frequency. If
no external signal is used, this signal is used as an internal reference. It can also
be used to synchronize other connected devices via the REF OUTPUT 10 MHz
connector.
Warm-up time for OCXO
When the instrument is switched on, the OCXO requires an extended warmup time (see data sheet).
4.2.10 REF INPUT / REF OUTPUT
The REF INPUT connectors are used to provide an external reference signal to
the R&S FSPN.
Various connectors are provided for different reference signals:
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R&S®FSPN
Connector Reference signal Usage
Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
REF INPUT 1...20 MHz
0...10 dBm
REF OUTPUT 1...20 MHz
0...10 dBm
REF OUTPUT 10 MHz
10 dBm
REF INPUT 100 MHz
0...10 dBm
REF OUTPUT 100 MHz
6 dBm
REF OUTPUT 640 MHz
16 dBm
SYNC TRIGGER
To provide an external reference signal on the
R&S FSPN.
To provide the same external reference signal
received by the REF INPUT 1...20 MHz connector
to another device, when available.
To provide the internal reference signal from the
R&S FSPN to another device continuously.
Also used to provide OCXO reference signal to
another device.
To provide an external reference signal on the
R&S FSPN.
To provide a 100 MHz reference signal from the
R&S FSPN to another device.
To provide a 640 MHz reference signal from the
R&S FSPN to another device.
The SYNC TRIGGER connector can also be used to synchronize the reference frequency on several devices.
4.2.11 Labels on R&S FSPN
Labels on the casing inform about:
●
Personal safety, see "Meaning of safety labels" on page 6
●
Product and environment safety, see Table 4-1
●
Identification of the product, see Chapter 4.2.12, "Device ID", on page 40
Table 4-1: Labels regarding R&S FSPN and environment safety
Labeling in line with EN 50419 for disposal of electrical and electronic equipment after
the product has come to the end of its service life. For more information, see the product user manual, chapter "Disposal".
4.2.12 Device ID
The unique device identifier is provided as a barcode sticker on the rear panel of
the R&S FSPN.
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It consists of the device order number and a serial number.
The serial number is used to define the default instrument name, which is:
<Type><variant>-<serial_number>
For example, FSPN6-123456.
The instrument name is required to establish a connection to the instrument
in a LAN.
Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
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Trying Out the Instrument
5 Trying Out the Instrument
Overview of tutorials
Initial setup:
●
"Preparing the R&S FSPN" on page 43
●
"Selecting the phase noise application" on page 43
●
"Performing a preset" on page 44
Measurement selection
●
"Selecting a measurement" on page 44
The phase noise measurement
●
"Measuring phase noise" on page 45
●
"Measuring amplitude noise" on page 46
●
"Measuring spurs" on page 46
●
"Measuring spot noise" on page 47
●
"Measuring integrated noise" on page 47
The baseband noise measurement
●
"How to measure baseband noise at the RF input" on page 48
Trace smoothing
●
"How to smooth the trace by averaging the measurement data" on page 49
●
"How to smooth the trace by adjusting the number of XCORR operations"
on page 50
●
"How to smooth the trace graphically" on page 50
●
"How to remove spurs from a trace" on page 51
Integration ranges
●
"How to define integration ranges" on page 51
The cross-correlation gain indicator
●
"How to control the cross-correlation gain indicator (gray area)" on page 53
Miscellaneous evaluation tools
●
"Zooming into the results" on page 53
●
"Exporting measurement data" on page 54
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Frequency configuration
●
"How to define the measurement range" on page 54
●
"How to search for signals" on page 55
●
"How to define a carrier frequency manually" on page 55
The half decade configuration table
●
"How to work with the half decade configuration table" on page 56
DUT power supply
●
"How to supply DUTs with current or voltage" on page 56
An in-depth description of all features, including remote commands, is available in
the R&S FSPN user manual.
● Initial Setup..................................................................................................... 43
● Measurements................................................................................................ 44
● Result Evaluation............................................................................................ 49
● Measurement Configuration............................................................................54
Trying Out the Instrument
Initial Setup
5.1 Initial Setup
Preparing the R&S FSPN
1. Connect the R&S FSPN to an electrical outlet as described in Chapter 3.5,
"Connecting the AC Power", on page 14.
2. Turn on the R&S FSPN as described in Chapter 3.6, "Switching the Instru-
ment On and Off", on page 15.
Selecting the phase noise application
1. Select the [MODE] key.
2. Select the "Phase Noise" item in the "Mode" dialog box.
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There's more than one way to skin a cat
In most cases, the firmware of the R&S FSPN provides several ways to
change measurement parameters. For example, the measurement range
can be defined via the [FREQ] key, the "MEAS CONFIG" key or the "Overview" dialog box.
All procedures in this chapter use the "Overview" dialog box as a starting
point (when possible). You can reach this dialog via the "Overview" softkey
displayed at the bottom of the softkey bar on the right side of the diagram
area.
Performing a preset
Before configuring and starting a new measurement, it is always recommended to
perform a preset and restore the default configuration of the instrument or the
measurement application.
Trying Out the Instrument
Measurements
1. Select the [PRESET] key on the front panel to restore the default state of the
R&S FSPN.
2. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and select the "Preset Channel" item to
restore the default state of the selected measurement channel. All other measurement channels keep their custom configuration.
5.2 Measurements
Measuring the phase noise characteristics of a DUT requires a simple measurement setup consisting of the R&S FSPN and a DUT.
● Measurement Selection.................................................................................. 44
● Phase Noise Measurement.............................................................................45
● Baseband Noise Measurement.......................................................................47
● Adding Another Measurement Channel..........................................................48
5.2.1 Measurement Selection
Selecting a measurement
► Select the [MEAS] key.
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Trying Out the Instrument
Measurements
The R&S FSPN opens a dialog box to select the measurement.
5.2.2 Phase Noise Measurement
Test setup
Connect the DUT via cable to the RF input of the R&S FSPN as shown in the
illustration.
required connections
optional connections
DUT
Figure 5-1: Typical test setup for basic noise measurements
R&S FSPN
V
supply
V
tune
V
aux
RF
Measuring phase noise
1. Perform a [PRESET].
The application automatically starts a continuous measurement.
First, it searches for a carrier signal (see How to search for signals). When
one has been found, it measures the noise characteristics of the DUT in the
default measurement (or frequency offset) range.
If no carrier could be found, a corresponding error message is displayed in the
status bar below the diagram.
2. You can stop the measurement (to analyze the measurement data in detail)
with the [RUN SGL] or [RUN CONT] key; [RUN SGL] performs one more
measurement, then stops, [RUN CONT] stops immediately.
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By default, two traces are displayed: the first trace shows the smoothed data
without spurs, the second trace the raw data including spurs.
Measuring amplitude noise
The test setup is the same as shown above.
The default phase noise trace shows the phase noise characteristics of the DUT.
In addition, you can also display the amplitude noise characteristics (or both
together).
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and, from there, enter the "Analysis" dialog
box.
2. Select the vertical "Trace" tab, and then the horizontal "Traces" tab.
3. For any trace, select "AM Noise" from the "Result" dropdown menu.
Trying Out the Instrument
Measurements
4. Start a new measurement to determine the AM noise of the DUT.
(The "Phase + AM Noise" menu item displays the sum of phase and amplitude noise.)
Tip: If you'd like to view both results separately at the same time, open two
phase noise diagrams, one that shows the phase noise, the other showing the
AM noise and perform a measurement.
In addition to the graphical representation of the phase noise characteristics, the
application also provides several tables that show specific phase noise characteristics.
Measuring spurs
In addition to the graphical display of spurs in the diagram (spikes on the trace),
the application also features a result display that contains a list of all detected
spurs.
► Open the SmartGrid ( ) and drag the "Spurious List" item from the evaluation
bar into the display.
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The spurious list contains all detected spurs (including their characteristics) on
all traces and all windows.
For more information see the R&S FSPN user manual.
Measuring spot noise
Spot noise is the phase noise or AM noise at a specific offset frequency (for
example the phase noise at 500 kHz).
Trying Out the Instrument
Measurements
► Open the SmartGrid (
bar into the display.
The table contains a list of spot noise values for selected frequency offsets (in
the default state, these are the decade edges) on each active trace.
For more information on the table contents see the R&S FSPN user manual.
Tip: You can define custom spot noise frequencies in the "Spot Noise" tab of
the "Noise Config" dialog box.
Measuring integrated noise
Integrated measurements show various noise characteristics, like the residual
noise, integrated over a certain offset frequency range.
► Open the SmartGrid ( ) and drag the "Integrated Measurements" item from
the evaluation bar into the display.
) and drag the "Spot Noise" item from the evaluation
The table contains a list of integrated measurement results.
For more information on the table contents see the R&S FSPN user manual.
Tip: You can define custom integration ranges in the "Integration Ranges" tab
of the "Noise Config" dialog box.
5.2.3 Baseband Noise Measurement
Baseband Noise measurements measure the noise characteristics of a DUT over
an absolute frequency span (not relative to carrier).
You can use either the RF input for these measurements, or the baseband input.
The baseband input is DC coupled and extend the lower frequency range to
1 mHz (the lowest supported frequency on the RF input is 1 MHz). Using the
baseband input, you can, for example, test the voltage supply of DC sources.
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Test setup
Trying Out the Instrument
Measurements
required connections
optional connections
DUT
* = See text below for instructions on how to use the baseband input.
R&S FSPN
V
supply
V
tune
V
aux
RF / BB*
How to measure baseband noise at the RF input
For baseband noise measurements on the RF input, proceed as follows.
1. Connect the DUT to the RF input.
2. Perform a [PRESET].
The application automatically starts a continuous measurement and measures
the noise characteristics of the DUT in the default frequency range.
3. Select the "Baseband Noise" measurement via the [MEAS] key.
4. You can stop the measurement (to analyze the measurement data in detail)
with the [RUN SGL] or [RUN CONT] key; [RUN SGL] performs one more
measurement, then stops, [RUN CONT] stops immediately.
By default, two traces are displayed: the first trace shows the smoothed data
without spurs, the second trace the raw data including spurs.
Tip: Integrated measurement results. Note that the "PM", "FM" and "Jitter"
results are always "0" for baseband noise measurements.
5.2.4 Adding Another Measurement Channel
Measuring the noise characteristics in two different measurement channels allows
you, for example, to capture and analyze two different data streams with different
measurement configurations.
Adding another measurement channel
1. Select the [MODE] key.
2. Select the "Phase Noise" item in the "Mode" dialog box.
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The firmware adds a second instance of the phase noise application which is
independent of the first one.
Trying Out the Instrument
Result Evaluation
5.3 Result Evaluation
The phase noise application provides several tools to control the data displayed
in the various result displays. Some tools have an effect on the graphical result
displays, other on the numerical results and still others on both graphical and
numerical (for example in case the numerical results are based on the graphical
results).
● Trace Smoothing............................................................................................. 49
● Integration Ranges..........................................................................................51
● Cross-Correlation Gain Indicator.....................................................................53
● Miscellaneous Evaluation Tools...................................................................... 53
5.3.1 Trace Smoothing
How to smooth the trace by averaging the measurement data
When you average the trace, the application measures the data several times
and builds an average over all measurements when it is done. Averaging measurement data yields a smoother trace.
Trace averaging is applied to all traces.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog box.
2. Define the number of measurements to be performed in the "Sweep / Average
Count" input field, for example "10".
3. Start the measurement.
● In case of a single measurement, the application performs x measure-
ments over the frequency range you have defined. An average count of
"10", for example, would result in 10 measurements.
● In case of continuous measurements, the application performs a moving
average over the average count.
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How to smooth the trace by adjusting the number of XCORR operations
When you apply cross-correlation operations, the application is able to determine
the phase noise characteristics at a certain frequency offset more precisely.
The number of cross-correlation operations applied in each half decade depends
on a cross-correlation factor that you can define arbitrarily.
Cross-correlation operations are applied to all traces.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog box.
2. Define the cross-correlation factor as required in the "XCORR Factor" input
field.
Trying Out the Instrument
Result Evaluation
The application calculates the number of cross-correlations for each half decade based on this factor. You can see the resulting operations in the table of
the "Noise Config" dialog box.
The number of operations calculated for each half decade targets a similar
measurement time for all half decades, so that the measurement is done at
roughly the same time in each half decade.
You can also see the resulting number of operations in the green bar at the
bottom of the diagram area.
For more information on how cross-correlation works refer to the R&S FSPN
user manual.
How to smooth the trace graphically
When you apply trace smoothing, the existing data remains the same. The trace
is smoothed by applying mathematical operations
Trace smoothing is applied to each trace individually.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Analysis" dialog
box.
2. Select the vertical "Trace" tab, and then the horizontal "Traces" tab.
3. For any trace, turn on "Smoothing" and define the amount by which the trace
should be smoothed (in %) in the corresponding input field.
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Trace smoothing is applied immediately after you have applied it to a trace.
For more information on how this is done, refer to the R&S FSPN user manual.
How to remove spurs from a trace
By default, the application already shows a trace without spurs (the yellow one).
However, you can decide for each trace individually whether it shows spurs or
not.
Spur removal is done after traces have been smoothed in any way.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Analysis" dialog
box.
2. Select the vertical "Trace" tab, and then the horizontal "Traces" tab.
3. For any trace, remove or display spurs individually. You can also enter a
threshold that defines a level from which a spur is recognized as a spur.
Trying Out the Instrument
Result Evaluation
The application removes all signals that are above the threshold from the
trace spur removal is applied to. Signals with levels below the threshold are
not regarded as spurs and are still displayed.
For more information about spur removal, refer to the R&S FSPN user manual.
Note: Note that the threshold is always taken into account in the spur table,
regardless of whether spur removal is on or off.
5.3.2 Integration Ranges
How to define integration ranges
For the integrated measurements (residual AM, FM and PM and jitter), you can
define custom integration ranges.
By default, the integration range corresponds to the measurement range defined
by the frequency offsets. Custom integration ranges can have any range you
desire.
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Trying Out the Instrument
Result Evaluation
Integration is done after traces have been smoothed in any way.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and, from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog box.
2. Select the "Integrated Measurements" tab.
3. Select the "Trace" whose data you would like to integrate from the "Show
"dropdown menu.
Tip: If you select a trace that is currently not displayed in the diagram, no integrated measurement results will be displayed for the corresponding range.
4. Select "Manual" integration ranges.
5. Define the frequency ranges ("Range Start" and "Range Stop") over which
you would like to integrate.
The application calculates the measurement results as defined. Result in the
integrated measurements result table are adjusted accordingly (see "Measur-
ing integrated noise" on page 47 for a description on how to view that table).
Figure 5-2: Custom integration range results (frequency range from 3 kHz to 500 kHz,
applied to trace 2)
Note that the integration ranges are displayed graphically in the noise diagram.
Figure 5-3: Custom integration ranges are represented in the diagram as colored lines
For more information on integrated measurement result calculation refer to the
R&S FSPN user manual.
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Trying Out the Instrument
Result Evaluation
5.3.3 Cross-Correlation Gain Indicator
How to control the cross-correlation gain indicator (gray area)
The gray trace, or cross-correlation gain indicator, indicates the ideal position of
the measurement trace for the current number of cross-correlation operations.
Thus, the position of this area depends on the number of cross-correlations that
are currently applied in each half decade.
This in turn indicates that measurement traces that are close to the gray area
(even if only in places) can be improved by increasing the cross-correlation operations. On the other hand, when the measurement trace lies above the gray area
throughout (about 10 dB), it is not possible to improve the results any more.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog box.
2. Select the "Noise Config" tab.
3. Change the "XCORR Factor", run a single measurement, and see how the
position of the gray area changes.
Figure 5-4: Increasing XCORR operations changes shape of gray area
4. If required, you can turn this area on and off as required with the "XCORR
Gain Indicator" feature.
5.3.4 Miscellaneous Evaluation Tools
Zooming into the results
The zoom tool is useful if you want to see parts of the results in more detail.
1. Select the "Zoom" icon in the toolbar ( ).
2. In the diagram, select the area you want to zoom in to (while doing this, the
area is marked by a dotted line).
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3. You can return to the full display any time with the "Unzoom" icon in the toolbar ( ).
Exporting measurement data
Exporting measurement data to a .dat file allows you to archive that data in external programs like a spreadsheet.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and, from there, enter the "Analysis" dialog
box.
2. Select the vertical "Traces" tab and the horizontal "Trace / Data Export" tab.
3. Select the data types as required (trace data only or together with numerical
results and / or measurement settings).
4. Select the "Export to ASCII File" button and select the destination where you
want to save that data.
Trying Out the Instrument
Measurement Configuration
5. View the .dat file that has been created with your preferred program.
5.4 Measurement Configuration
The Phase Noise application provides several tools that make the measurement
process easier to handle or allow you to customize the measurement configuration according to your needs.
● Frequency Configuration.................................................................................54
● Half Decade Configuration Table.................................................................... 56
● DUT Power Supply..........................................................................................56
5.4.1 Frequency Configuration
How to define the measurement range
The measurement range defines the carrier frequency offset over which the
phase noise measurement takes place.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog box.
2. Select the "Noise Config" tab.
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3. Define the measurement range with the "Start Offset" and "Stop Offset" properties.
The application adjusts the measurement range. You can see this change, for
example, in the noise diagram result display.
Note: In case of baseband measurements, the measurement range is defined
by an absolute start and stop frequency instead of offsets.
For more information on the measurement range, refer to the R&S FSPN user
manual.
How to search for signals
The application allows you to search for a carrier signal, instead of defining the
carrier frequency manually.
Trying Out the Instrument
Measurement Configuration
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Frequency" dialog
box.
2. Turn on the "Auto Search" feature (it is on by default).
3. Define the frequency range in which the search should take place ("Start" and
"Stop"). By default the search is done in the maximum frequency range supported by the hardware.
4. Define a "Threshold" for the search. Signals below the threshold are ignored
during the search.
When the application finds a signal with appropriate characteristics, it starts a
phase noise measurement in the measurement range you have defined.
Note: Automatic signal search is only available in phase noise measurements.
How to define a carrier frequency manually
When you already know the frequency of the carrier signal, you can define it manually and reduce the measurement time.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Frequency" dialog
box.
2. Turn off the "Auto Search" feature.
3. Define the "Signal Frequency".
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The application performs the measurement on the defined frequency.
Trying Out the Instrument
Measurement Configuration
5.4.2 Half Decade Configuration Table
How to work with the half decade configuration table
The half decade configuration table contains the measurement configuration for
each half decade that is analyzed during a measurement.
You can either enter the values for the measurement bandwidth and number of
cross-correlation operations directly. Or you can let the application calculate ideal
values for each half decade.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog box.
2. Select automatic or manual configuration mode with the "Half Decade Config"
feature.
3. In case of an automatic configuration, define an "RBW" factor and an
"XCORR Factor".
From these values, the application calculates the best and least time-consuming absolute resolution bandwidth and cross-correlation operations for each
half decade.
4. In case of a manual configuration, define the resolution bandwidth and number of cross-correlations for each half decade directly in the half decade configuration table as absolute values.
The relative "RBW" factor and "XCORR Factor" are ignored.
5.4.3 DUT Power Supply
How to supply DUTs with current or voltage
Some measurement setups or DUTs require you to supply them with either voltage or current.
The R&S FSPN can provide both, when you set it up that way.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and, from there, enter the "Output" dialog
box.
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Trying Out the Instrument
Measurement Configuration
2. Select the "DC Config" tab.
There you have the following options:
● Turn each of the three DC outputs on or off.
● Define the supplied voltage (or current in case of the V
supply
output).
● Define limits for the outputs. When you define limits, the supplied voltage
will not go below or above these.
For more information on configuring DC outputs, refer to the R&S FSPN user
manual.
3. Turn on the output of voltage or current with the "DC Power" feature.
Tip: You can turn the output on and off easily with the "DC On / Off" button in
the toolbar. The "DC Config" button provides access to a softkey menu that
lets you define the signal characteristics without entering a dialog box.
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Operating the Instrument
Understanding the Display Information
6 Operating the Instrument
The following topics provide an overview on how to work with the R&S FSPN.
They describe what kind of information is displayed in the diagram area, how to
operate the R&S FSPN via the front panel keys and other interaction methods,
and how to use the Online Help.
● Understanding the Display Information...........................................................58
● Accessing Functions....................................................................................... 67
● Changing the Focus........................................................................................71
● Entering Data.................................................................................................. 72
● Displaying Results...........................................................................................75
● Remote Control...............................................................................................83
6.1 Understanding the Display Information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram in the Phase Noise application. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail
in the following sections.
1 2 3 7 9
4 5
6
8
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Operating the Instrument
Understanding the Display Information
1 = Toolbar: contains general functionality of the firmware.
2 = Channel tab: contains measurement channel.
3 = Channel bar: shows measurement settings.
4 = Result display: contains measurement results.
5 = Window title bar: contains diagram-specific (trace) information.
6 = Status bar: contains system messages, progress bar and date and time.
7 = Input field.
8 = Diagram footer: contains diagram-specific information.
9 = Softkeys: provide access to measurement functions.
Hiding elements in the display
You can hide some of the elements in the display, for example the status bar
or channel bar, in order to enlarge the display area for the measurement
results ("Setup > Display > Displayed Items").
For details see the R&S FSPN User Manual.
● Channel Bar.................................................................................................... 59
● Window Title Bar............................................................................................. 61
● Marker Information..........................................................................................62
● Spot Noise Information....................................................................................63
● Measurement Progress Information................................................................64
● Frequency Information in Diagram Footer...................................................... 65
● Instrument and Status Information..................................................................65
● Error Information............................................................................................. 66
6.1.1 Channel Bar
Using the R&S FSPN you can handle several different measurement tasks (channels) at the same time (although they can only be performed asynchronously).
For each channel, a separate tab is displayed on the screen. In order to switch
from one channel display to another, simply select the corresponding tab.
Alternatively, if many tabs are displayed, select the tab selection list icon at the
right end of the channel bar and select the channel you want to switch to from the
list.
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Understanding the Display Information
MultiView tab
An additional tab labelled "MultiView" provides an overview of all active channels
at a glance. In the "MultiView" tab, each individual window contains its own channel bar with an additional button. Tap this button to switch to the corresponding
channel display quickly.
Icons in the channel bar
The star icon ( ) on the tab label indicates that the displayed trace no longer
matches the current instrument settings. This may be the case, for example, if a
trace is frozen and the instrument settings are changed. As soon as a new measurement is performed, the icon disappears.
Operating the Instrument
The exclamation mark ("!" or ) icon indicates that an error or warning is available
for that measurement channel. This is particularly useful if the MultiView tab is
displayed.
The icon indicates the currently active channel during an automatic measurement sequence (Sequencer functionality).
Beneath the channel name, information on channel-specific settings for the measurement are displayed in the channel bar. Channel information varies depending on the active application.
In addition to the channel-specific settings, the channel bar above the diagram
also displays information on instrument settings that affect the measurement
results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display of the measured values. This information is displayed only when applicable for the current
measurement.
The following table contains all labels that might be displayed in the Spectrum
and Receiver applications.
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Operating the Instrument
Understanding the Display Information
Table 6-1: Channel settings displayed in the channel bar
Label Information
Signal Frequency Current carrier frequency of the applied signal.
Signal Level Currently level measured on the carrier frequency.
Att Current RF attenuation.
RBW Current Resolution bandwidth (RBW). The RBW is a function of the
start offset frequency of each half decade included in the measurement.
XCORR Factor Current cross-correlation factor. The cross-correlation factor defines
the number of cross-correlations are done in each half decade included in the measurement.
Meas Time (estimated)
SGL Current number of measurements performed in a single sweep. Only
Count The current signal count for measurement tasks that involve a specific
Meas Currently selected measurement
Current estimated measurement time.
The measurement time depends, among other things, on the offset fre-
quency, the resolution bandwidth or the number of averages / crosscorrelations that you have defined.
displayed if you are in single sweep measurement mode.
number of subsequent sweeps.
Icons for individual settings
A bullet next to the setting indicates that user-defined settings are used, not automatic settings. A green bullet indicates this setting is valid and the measurement
is correct. A red bullet indicates an invalid setting that does not provide useful
results.
6.1.2 Window Title Bar
Each channel in the R&S FSPN display may contain several windows. Each window can display either a graph or a table as a result of the channel measurement.
Which type of result evaluation is displayed in which window is defined in the display configuration (see Chapter 6.5, "Displaying Results", on page 75). The window's title bar indicates which type of evaluation is displayed.
Trace Information in Window Title Bar
Information on the displayed traces is indicated in the window title bar.
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Result type
Trace number
Operating the Instrument
Understanding the Display Information
Spur removal
Trace color
Trace mode
Trace color Color of trace display in diagram
Trace number Number of the trace (1 to 6)
Trace Mode
Result type
Trace smoothing
Abbreviation of the trace mode:
●
Clrw
Clear Write trace
●
Max
Max Hold trace
●
Min
Min Hold trace
●
Avg
Average trace
●
View
Frozen trace
●
WrH
Write Hold trace
Type of result the trace represents.
●
PN
●
AM
●
PN + AM
Trace offset
Trace smoothing Trace smoothing characteristics. Only displayed if trace smoothing has
been turned on for a trace.
Spur removal Spur removal characteristics. Only displayed if spur removal has been
turned on for a trace.
Trace offset Trace offset characteristics. Only displayed if an offset has been
defined for a trace.
6.1.3 Marker Information
Marker information is provided either in the diagram grid or in separate marker
tables, depending on the configuration.
Marker information in diagram grid
Within the diagram, the x-axis and y-axis positions of the last 2 markers or delta
markers that were set are displayed, if available, as well as their index. The value
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Operating the Instrument
Understanding the Display Information
in the square brackets after the index indicates the trace to which the marker is
assigned. (Example: M2[1] defines marker 2 on trace 1.) For more than 2 markers, a separate marker table is displayed beneath the diagram by default.
Marker information in marker table
In addition to the marker information displayed within the diagram grid, separate
marker tables may be added to the display. These tables provide the following
information for all active markers:
Table 6-2: Regular marker table
Label Information
Wnd Window type the marker is positioned in.
(Only if there is more than one window containing a phase noise diagram.)
Type Marker type: N (normal), D (delta), T (temporary, internal)
Ref Reference (for delta markers)
Trc Trace to which the marker is assigned
X-value x-value of the marker
Y-value y-value of the marker
6.1.4 Spot Noise Information
Spot noise information in diagram grid
The diagram contains information about all spot noise positions [T<x>]. Spot
noise information is made up out of the position of the spot noise measurement
on the x-axis and the y-axis. The value in the square brackets after the index indicates the trace to which the spot noise calculation is assigned (Example: [T1]
indicates trace 1). Note that you can also display spot noise information in a separate table.
Spot noise information in spot noise table
The R&S FSPN also provides a numerical result table for the spot noise measurement. The spot noise table has to be added deliberately. Note that the spot
noise table only contains information when the calculation of spot noise has been
turned on.
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Operating the Instrument
Understanding the Display Information
Table 6-3: Spot noise information result table
Label Information
Wnd Measurement window that the spot noise has been calculated for.
(Only if there is more than one window containing a phase noise diagram.)
Offset Offset frequency or spot noise position on the x-axis of the Phase
Noise diagram.
Noise [T<x>] Measured noise on the spot noise position for each active trace.
6.1.5 Measurement Progress Information
The Phase Noise result display shows the progress of the measurement in a series of green bars at the bottom of the diagram area. For each half decade in the
measurement, the R&S FSPN adds a bar that spans the frequency range of the
corresponding half decade.
The bar has several features.
●
Measurement times less than 1 s
The numbers within the green bar indicate the number of cross-correlation
operations applied to the corresponding half decade.
●
Measurement times greater than 1 s
The numbers within the green bar show the progress of the cross-correlation
operations in the half decade the application currently works on.
The first number is the current, the second number the total count of crosscorrelations for that half decade. The bars of half decades in which a measurement is still running has a lighter tone of green than bars of half decades
in which the measurement has already finished (see image below).
●
A double-click on the bar opens the "Noise Config" dialog box to define the
cross-correlation factor for that half decade.
●
A right-click on the bar opens a context menu.
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Operating the Instrument
Understanding the Display Information
The context menu provides easy access to various parameters to set up the
measurement.
6.1.6 Frequency Information in Diagram Footer
Graphical result displays contain information in the diagram footer. The information (beneath the diagram) depends on the result display.
The contents depend on the application and the result display.
Label Information
Start offset Start offset frequency
Stop offset Stop offset frequency
6.1.7 Instrument and Status Information
Global instrument settings and functions, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in the status bar beneath the diagram.
In the MultiView tab the status bar always displays the information for the currently selected measurement.
The following information is displayed:
Instrument status
The state of the DC Power features.
●
white label = DC Power has been turned off
●
green label = DC Power has been turned on and is within the
defined limits
●
red label = DC Power has been turned on and violates the defined
limits
The R&S FSPN is configured for operation with an external reference.
Progress
The status of the current operation is displayed in the status bar. This includes the
remaining measurement time for measurements that last longer than 1 second.
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Operating the Instrument
Understanding the Display Information
Display of the remaining measurement time is supported by the following measurements:
●
Phase noise
●
Baseband noise
In the MultiView tab, the progress bar indicates the status of the currently
selected measurement, not the measurement currently being performed by
a Sequencer, for example.
Date and time
The date and time settings of the instrument are displayed in the status bar.
Error messages and warnings
If errors or irregularities are detected, a keyword and an error message, if available, are displayed in the status bar.
6.1.8 Error Information
If errors or irregularities are detected, a keyword and an error message, if available, are displayed in the status bar.
Depending on the type of message, the status message is indicated in varying
colors.
Table 6-4: Status bar information - color coding
Color Type Description
red Error An error occurred at the start or during a measurement, e.g. due to
missing data or wrong settings, so that the measurement cannot be
started or completed correctly.
orange Warning An irregular situation occurred during measurement, e.g. the set-
tings no longer match the displayed results, or the connection to an
external device was interrupted temporarily.
gray Information Information on the status of individual processing steps.
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Color Type Description
no color No errors No message displayed - normal operation.
Operating the Instrument
Accessing Functions
green Measurement
successful
Some applications visualize that the measurement was successfull
by showing a messsage.
If any error information is available for a measurement channel, an exclamation mark is displayed next to the channel name ( ). This is particularly useful when the MultiView tab is displayed, as the status bar in the MultiView
tab always displays the information for the currently selected measurement
only.
Table 6-5: Keywords in the status bar
Message Meaning
IF OVLD Overload of the IF signal path in the A/D converter or in the digital IF.
Increase attenuation or remove the signal from the RF input.
LOUNL Error in the instrument's frequency processing hardware was detected.
NO REF Instrument was set to an external reference but no signal was detected on
the reference input.
OVEN The OCXO reference frequency has not yet reached its operating tempera-
ture. The message usually disappears a few minutes after power has been
switched on.
RF OVLD Overload of the input mixer or of the analog IF path.
Reduce the input level.
UNCAL One of the following conditions applies:
●
Correction data has been switched off.
●
No correction values are available, for example after a firmware update.
●
Record the correction data by performing a self alignment
WRONG_FW The firmware version is out-of-date and does not support the currently
installed hardware. Until the firmware version is updated, this error message is displayed and self-alignment fails.
(For details refer to the R&S FSPN User Manual).
6.2 Accessing Functions
All tasks necessary to operate the instrument can be performed using the user
interface. Apart from instrument specific keys, all other keys that correspond to an
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Operating the Instrument
Accessing Functions
external keyboard (for example arrow keys, [Enter] key) operate conform to
Microsoft.
For most tasks, there are at least 2 alternative methods to perform them:
●
Using the touchscreen
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, for example the keypad,
rotary knob, or arrow and position keys.
The measurement and instrument functions and settings can be accessed by
selecting one of the following elements:
●
System and function keys on the front panel of the instrument
●
Softkeys on the touchscreen
●
Context menus for specific elements on the touchscreen
●
Icons on the tool bar in the touchscreen
●
Displayed setting on the touchscreen
● Toolbar............................................................................................................ 68
● Softkeys.......................................................................................................... 70
● Context Menus................................................................................................70
● On-screen Keyboard.......................................................................................71
6.2.1 Toolbar
The icons in the toolbar provide access to general functions.
You can hide the toolbar display, for example when using remote control, in
order to enlarge the display area for the measurement results ("Setup > Display > Displayed Items"). See the R&S FSPN User Manual for details.
Windows: opens the Windows "Start" menu and task bar.
Open: opens a file from the instrument or an external device ("Save/Recall"
menu).
Store: stores data on the instrument or an external device ("Save/Recall"
menu).
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Operating the Instrument
Accessing Functions
Print: defines print settings ("Print" menu).
Undo: reverts last operation
Redo: repeats previously reverted operation
Select: the cursor can be used to select (and move) elements in the display
(markers, lines etc.).
Zoom mode: displays a dotted rectangle in the diagram that can be expanded to define the zoom area.
Multiple zoom mode: multiple zoom areas can be defined for the same diagram.
Zoom off: displays the diagram in its original size.
SmartGrid: activates "SmartGrid" mode to configure the screen layout.
Sequencer: opens the "Sequencer" menu to perform consecutive measurements.
DC Power: turns the DC power output on and off.
DC Configuration: provides quick access to configure the main parameters
for DC power supply.
Help (+ Select): allows you to select an element for which context-specific
help is displayed.
Help: displays context-sensitive help topic for currently selected element.
Print immediately: prints the current display (screenshot) as configured.
In "SmartGrid" mode only:
Close: Exit "SmartGrid" mode.
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Operating the Instrument
Accessing Functions
6.2.2 Softkeys
Softkeys are virtual keys provided by the software. Thus, more functions can be
provided than those that can be accessed directly via the function keys on the
instrument. Softkeys are dynamic: depending on the selected function key, a different list of softkeys is displayed on the right side of the screen.
A list of softkeys for a certain function key is also called a menu. Softkeys can
either perform a specific function or open a dialog box.
Recognizing the softkey status by color
Color Meaning
orange associated dialog box is open
blue associated function is active; for toggle keys: currently active state
gray instrument function is temporarily not available due to a specific setting or
missing option
You can hide the softkey display, e.g. when using remote control, in order to
enlarge the display area for the measurement results ("Setup > Display >
Displayed Items"). See the User Manual for details.
6.2.3 Context Menus
Several items in the diagram area have context menus (for example markers,
traces or the channel bar). If you right-click on one of these items (or tap it for
about 1 second), a menu is displayed which contains the same functions as the
corresponding softkey. This is useful, for example, when the softkey display is
hidden.
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Operating the Instrument
Changing the Focus
6.2.4 On-screen Keyboard
The on-screen keyboard is an additional means of interacting with the instrument
without having to connect an external keyboard.
The on-screen keyboard display can be switched on and off as desired using the
"On-Screen Keyboard" function key beneath the screen.
When you press this key, the display switches between the following options:
●
Keyboard displayed at the top of the screen
●
Keyboard displayed at the bottom of the screen
●
No keyboard displayed
You can use the TAB key on the on-screen keyboard to move the focus from
one field to another in dialog boxes.
6.3 Changing the Focus
Any selected function is always performed on the currently focused element in the
display, e.g. a dialog field, diagram, or table row. Which element is focused is indicated by a blue frame (diagram, window, table) or is otherwise highlighted (softkey, marker etc.). Moving the focus is most easily done by tapping on the element
on the touchscreen. Alternatively, use the "Tab" key on the on-screen keyboard or
the rotary knob to move the focus from one element to the next on the display.
To move the focus between any displayed diagrams or tables in a window,
press the "Change focus" key on the front panel. The focus moves from
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the diagram to the first table to the next table etc. and then back to the diagram,
within the same window.
In fullscreen mode, where a single window is displayed in full size on the screen,
this key switches the focus (and the display) from one active window to the next.
Operating the Instrument
Entering Data
6.4 Entering Data
You can enter data in dialog boxes using any of the following methods:
●
Using the touchscreen, via the on-screen keyboard
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, e.g. the keypad, rotary
knob, or navigation keys
The rotary knob acts like the [ENTER] key when it is pressed.
●
Using a connected external keyboard
Transparent dialog boxes
You can change the transparency of the dialog boxes to see the results in
the windows behind the dialog box. Thus, you can see the effects that the
changes you make to the settings have on the results immediately.
To change the transparency, select the transparency icon at the top of the
dialog box. A slider is displayed. To hide the slider, select the transparency
icon again.
(The title bar of the dialog box is always slightly transparent and is not affected by the slider.)
Particularities in Windows dialog boxes
In some cases, e.g. if you want to install a printer, original Windows dialog
boxes are used. In these dialog boxes, the rotary knob and function keys do
not work. Use the touchscreen instead.
6.4.1 Entering Numeric Parameters
If a field requires numeric input, the keypad provides only numbers.
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1. Enter the parameter value using the keypad, or change the currently used
parameter value by using the rotary knob (small steps) or the [UP] or [DOWN]
keys (large steps).
2. After entering the numeric value via keypad, press the corresponding unit key.
The unit is added to the entry.
3. If the parameter does not require a unit, confirm the entered value by pressing
the [ENTER] key or any of the unit keys.
The editing line is highlighted to confirm the entry.
Operating the Instrument
Entering Data
6.4.2 Entering Alphanumeric Parameters
If a field requires alphanumeric input, you can use the on-screen keyboard to
enter numbers and (special) characters (see Chapter 6.2.4, "On-screen Key-
board", on page 71).
Alternatively, you can use the keypad. Every alphanumeric key represents several characters and one number. The decimal point key (.) represents special
characters, and the sign key (-) toggles between capital and small letters. For the
assignment, refer to Table 6-6.
You can change the default behavior of the keypad for text input. This is
useful if you frequently enter numeric values in text fields, for example to
define file names consisting of numbers.
For details, see "System Configuration Setttings" in the R&S FSPN base
unit user manual.
To enter numbers and (special) characters via the keypad
1. Press the key once to enter the first possible value.
2. All characters available via this key are displayed.
3. To choose another value provided by this key, press the key again, until your
desired value is displayed.
4. With every key stroke, the next possible value of this key is displayed. If all
possible values have been displayed, the series starts with the first value
again. For information on the series, refer to Table 6-6.
5. To change from capital to small letters and vice versa, press the sign key (-).
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Operating the Instrument
Entering Data
6. When you have chosen the desired value, wait for 2 seconds (to use the
same key again), or start the next entry by pressing another key.
To enter a blank
► Press the "Space" bar, or press the "0" key and wait 2 seconds.
To correct an entry
1. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor to the right of the entry you want to
delete.
2. Press the [BACKSPACE] key.
The entry to the left of the cursor is deleted.
3. Enter your correction.
To complete the entry
► Press the [ENTER] key or the rotary knob.
To abort the entry
► Press the [ESC] key.
The dialog box is closed without changing the settings.
Table 6-6: Keys for alphanumeric parameters
Key name
(upper inscription)
7 7 µ Ω ° € ¥ $ ¢
8 A B C 8 Ä ÆÅ Ç
9 D E F 9 É
4 G H I 4
5 J K L 5
6 M N O 6 Ň Ö
1 P Q R S 1
Series of (special) characters and number provided
2 T U V 2 Ü
3 W X Y Z 3
0 <blank> 0 – @ + / \ < > = % &
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Operating the Instrument
Displaying Results
Key name
(upper inscription)
. . * : _ , ; " ' ? ( ) #
– <toggles between capital and small letters>
Series of (special) characters and number provided
6.5 Displaying Results
The results of a measurement channel can be evaluated in many different ways,
both graphically and numerically. For each evaluation method the results are displayed in a separate window in the tab.
The R&S FSPN allows you to configure the display to suit your specific requirements and optimize analysis.
6.5.1 Activating and Deactivating Channels
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which
determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application
can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same application. Whenever you switch channels, the corresponding
measurement settings are restored. Each channel is displayed in a separate tab
on the screen.
An additional tab ("MultiView") provides an overview of all currently active channels at once.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements
consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
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Operating the Instrument
Displaying Results
To start a new channel
1. Select the [Mode] key.
2. In the "Mode" dialog box, select the required application on the "New Channel" tab.
A new tab is displayed for the new channel.
To change the application in an active channel
1. Select the tab of the channel you want to change.
2. Select the [Mode] key.
3. In the "Mode" dialog box, select the new application to be displayed on the
"Replace Current Channel" tab.
The selected application is displayed in the current channel.
To close a measurement channel
►
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Select the "Close" icon on the tab of the measurement channel.
The tab is closed, any running measurements are aborted, and all results for
that channel are deleted.
Operating the Instrument
Displaying Results
6.5.2 Laying out the Result Display with the SmartGrid
Measurement results can be evaluated in many different ways, for example
graphically, as summary tables, statistical evaluations etc. Each type of evaluation is displayed in a separate window in the channel tab. Up to 16 individual windows can be displayed per channel (i.e. per tab). To arrange the diagrams and
tables on the screen, the Rohde & Schwarz SmartGrid function helps you find the
target position simply and quickly.
(For details on evaluation methods see the User Manual.)
Principally, the layout of the windows on the screen is based on an underlying
grid, the SmartGrid. However, the SmartGrid is dynamic and flexible, allowing for
many different layout possibilities. The SmartGrid functionality provides the following basic features:
●
Windows can be arranged in columns or in rows, or in a combination of both.
●
Windows can be arranged in up to four rows and four columns.
●
Windows are moved simply by dragging them to a new position on the screen,
possibly changing the layout of the other windows, as well.
●
All evaluation methods available for the currently selected measurement are
displayed as icons in the evaluation bar. If the evaluation bar contains more
icons than can be displayed at once on the screen, it can be scrolled vertically.
The same evaluation method can be displayed in multiple windows simultaneously.
●
New windows are added by dragging an evaluation icon from the evaluation
bar to the screen. The position of each new window depends on where you
drop the evaluation icon in relation to the existing windows.
●
All display configuration actions are only possible in SmartGrid mode. When
SmartGrid mode is activated, the evaluation bar replaces the current softkey
menu display. When the SmartGrid mode is deactivated again, the previous
softkey menu display is restored.
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Operating the Instrument
Displaying Results
● Background Information: The SmartGrid Principle..........................................78
● How to Activate SmartGrid Mode....................................................................79
● How to Add a New Result Window................................................................. 80
● How to Close a Result Window.......................................................................80
● How to Arrange the Result Windows.............................................................. 81
6.5.2.1 Background Information: The SmartGrid Principle
SmartGrid display
During any positioning action, the underlying SmartGrid is displayed. Different
colors and frames indicate the possible new positions. The position in the SmartGrid where you drop the window determines its position on the screen.
Figure 6-1: Moving a window in SmartGrid mode
The brown area indicates the possible "drop area" for the window, i.e. the area in
which the window can be placed. A blue area indicates the (approximate) layout
of the window as it would be if the icon were dropped at the current position. The
frames indicate the possible destinations of the new window with respect to the
existing windows: above/below, right/left or replacement (as illustrated in Fig-
ure 6-2). If an existing window would be replaced, the drop area is highlighted in a
darker color shade.
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Operating the Instrument
Displaying Results
Positioning the window
The screen can be divided into up to four rows. Each row can be split into up to
four columns, where each row can have a different number of columns. However,
rows always span the entire width of the screen and may not be interrupted by a
column. A single row is available as the drop area for the window in the SmartGrid. The row can be split into columns, or a new row can be inserted above or
below the existing row (if the maximum of 4 has not yet been reached).
1
A
B
C
Figure 6-2: SmartGrid window positions
1 = Insert row above or below the existing row
2 = Create a new column in the existing row
3 = Replace a window in the existing row
2 223 3
1
SmartGrid functions
Once the evaluation icon has been dropped, icons in each window provide delete
and move functions.
The "Move" icon allows you to move the position of the window, possibly changing the size and position of the other displayed windows.
The "Delete" icon allows you to close the window, enlarging the display
of the remaining windows.
6.5.2.2 How to Activate SmartGrid Mode
All display configuration actions are only possible in SmartGrid mode. In SmartGrid mode the evaluation bar replaces the current softkey menu display. When
the SmartGrid mode is deactivated again, the previous softkey menu display is
restored.
► To activate SmartGrid mode, do one of the following:
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●
Select the "SmartGrid" icon from the toolbar.
● Select the "Display Config" button in the configuration "Overview" .
● Select the "Display Config" softkey from the [Meas Config] menu.
The SmartGrid functions and the evaluation bar are displayed.
To close the SmartGrid mode and restore the previous softkey menu
select the "Close" icon in the right-hand corner of the toolbar, or
press any key.
6.5.2.3 How to Add a New Result Window
Each type of evaluation is displayed in a separate window. Up to 16 individual
windows can be displayed per channel (i.e. per tab).
Operating the Instrument
Displaying Results
1. Activate SmartGrid mode.
All evaluation methods available for the currently selected measurement are
displayed as icons in the evaluation bar.
2. Select the icon for the required evaluation method from the evaluation bar.
3. Drag the required icon from the evaluation bar to the SmartGrid, which is displayed in the diagram area, and drop it at the required position. (See Chap-
ter 6.5.2.5, "How to Arrange the Result Windows", on page 81 for more infor-
mation on positioning the window).
6.5.2.4 How to Close a Result Window
► To close a window, activate SmartGrid mode and select the "Delete" icon for
the window.
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6.5.2.5 How to Arrange the Result Windows
1. Select an icon from the evaluation bar or the "Move" icon for an existing evaluation window.
2. Drag the evaluation over the SmartGrid.
A blue area shows where the window will be placed.
3. Move the window until a suitable area is indicated in blue.
4. Drop the window in the target area.
The windows are rearranged to the selected layout, and "Delete" and "Move"
icons are displayed in each window.
Operating the Instrument
Displaying Results
5. To close a window, select the corresponding "Delete" icon.
6.5.3 Changing the Size of Windows
Each channel tab may contain several windows to evaluate the measurement
results using different methods. A "splitter" allows you to change the size of
neighboring windows.
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Operating the Instrument
Displaying Results
The splitters are not available in SmartGrid mode.
► To change the size of two neighboring windows, drag the splitter between the
windows in either direction.
6.5.4 Switching Between a Split and Maximized Window Dis-
play
To get an overview of the results, displaying several windows at the same time
may be helpful. However, the individual windows may become rather small. In this
case it is useful to maximize an individual window to the entire screen temporarily
in order to analyze the results in more detail.
To switch between a split and a maximized display without having to close and reopen windows, press the [SPLIT/MAXIMIZE] key on the front panel. In maximized
display, the currently focused window is maximized. In split display, all active windows are displayed.
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Alternatively, double-tap the title bar of a window to maximize it.
Operating the Instrument
Remote Control
6.5.5 Changing the Display
The display can be optimized for your individual needs. The following display
functions are available and are described in detail in the User Manual.
●
Displaying a simulation of the entire front panel of the instrument on the
screen ("Front Panel")
●
Displaying the main function hardkeys in a separate window on the screen
("Mini Front Panel")
●
Hiding or showing various screen elements
●
Selecting a display theme and colors
●
Changing the display update rate
●
Activating or deactivating the touch-sensitivity of the screen
●
Zooming into the diagram
6.6 Remote Control
In addition to working with the R&S FSPN interactively, located directly at the
instrument, it is also possible to operate and control it from a remote PC. Various
methods for remote control are supported:
●
Connecting the instrument to a (LAN) network
(See the R&S FSPN user manual.)
●
Using the Windows Remote Desktop application in a LAN network
●
Connecting a PC via the GPIB interface
How to configure the remote control interfaces is described in the User Manual.
The R&S FSPN is delivered with IECWIN installed, the auxiliary remote control tool provided free of charge by Rohde & Schwarz.
For details on the IECWIN tool, see the "Network and Remote Control"
chapter of the R&S FSPN User Manual.
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Operating the Instrument
Remote Control
6.6.1 Remote Desktop Connection
Remote Desktop is a Windows application which can be used to access and control the instrument from a remote computer through a LAN connection. While the
instrument is in operation, the instrument screen contents are displayed on the
remote computer. Remote Desktop provides access to all of the applications,
files, and network resources of the instrument. Thus, remote operation of the
instrument is possible.
The Remote Desktop Client is part of the installed Windows operating system.
For other versions of Windows, Microsoft offers the Remote Desktop Client as an
add-on.
6.6.2 Connecting a PC via the GPIB Interface
You can connect a PC to the R&S FSPN via the GPIB interface to send remote
commands to control and operate the instrument. You can configure the GPIB
address and the ID response string. The GPIB language is set as SCPI by default
but can be changed to emulate other instruments.
A GPIB interface is integrated on the rear panel of the instrument.
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Contacting Customer Support
7 Contacting Customer Support
Technical support – where and when you need it
For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz product, contact our customer
support center. A team of highly qualified engineers provides support and works
with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz products.
Contact information
Contact our customer support center at www.rohde-schwarz.com/support, or fol-
low this QR code:
Figure 7-1: QR code to the Rohde & Schwarz support page
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