Page 1
R&S®FSPN
Phase Noise Analyzer and VCO
Tester
User Manual
(;Ý[Í2)
1179436302
Version 01
Page 2
This document describes the following R&S®FSPN models:
●
R&S®FSPN8 (1322.8003K06)
●
R&S®FSPN26 (1322.8003K24)
© 2021 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1179.4363.02 | Version 01 | R&S®FSPN
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol, e.g. R&S®FSPN is indicated as
R&S FSPN.
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R&S®FSPN
Contents
Contents
1 Safety and Regulatory Information.....................................................11
1.1 Safety Instructions...................................................................................................... 11
1.2 Warning Messages in the Documentation................................................................13
1.3 Korea Certification Class A........................................................................................14
2 Documentation Overview....................................................................15
2.1 Getting Started Manual...............................................................................................15
2.2 User Manuals and Help...............................................................................................15
2.3 Service Manual............................................................................................................ 15
2.4 Instrument Security Procedures................................................................................16
2.5 Printed Safety Instructions........................................................................................ 16
2.6 Data Sheets and Brochures....................................................................................... 16
2.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA).....................................16
2.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.......................................16
3 Getting Started..................................................................................... 17
3.1 Preparing for Use........................................................................................................ 17
3.1.1 Lifting and Carrying....................................................................................................... 17
3.1.2 Unpacking and Checking.............................................................................................. 17
3.1.3 Choosing the Operating Site......................................................................................... 17
3.1.4 Setting Up the R&S FSPN............................................................................................ 18
3.1.5 Connecting the AC Power.............................................................................................19
3.1.6 Switching the Instrument On and Off............................................................................ 20
3.1.7 Connecting to LAN........................................................................................................ 21
3.1.8 Connecting a Keyboard.................................................................................................22
3.1.9 Connecting an External Monitor....................................................................................23
3.1.10 Windows Operating System..........................................................................................24
3.1.11 Logging On....................................................................................................................26
3.1.12 Checking the Supplied Options.....................................................................................27
3.1.13 Performing a Self-Alignment......................................................................................... 27
3.1.14 Considerations for Test Setup.......................................................................................28
3.2 Instrument Tour........................................................................................................... 29
3.2.1 Front Panel View...........................................................................................................29
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Contents
3.2.2 Rear Panel View............................................................................................................37
3.3 Operating the Instrument........................................................................................... 41
3.3.1 Understanding the Display Information......................................................................... 41
3.3.2 Accessing Functions..................................................................................................... 50
3.3.3 Changing the Focus...................................................................................................... 53
3.3.4 Entering Data................................................................................................................ 53
3.3.5 Displaying Results.........................................................................................................56
3.3.6 Remote Control............................................................................................................. 63
3.4 Trying Out the Instrument.......................................................................................... 64
3.4.1 Initial Setup................................................................................................................... 65
3.4.2 Measurements.............................................................................................................. 66
3.4.3 Result Evaluation.......................................................................................................... 70
3.4.4 Measurement Configuration..........................................................................................76
4 Applications..........................................................................................79
4.1 R&S MultiView............................................................................................................. 79
4.2 Running a Sequence of Measurements.................................................................... 80
4.2.1 The Sequencer Concept............................................................................................... 80
4.2.2 Sequencer Settings.......................................................................................................81
4.2.3 How to Set Up the Sequencer.......................................................................................81
5 Measurements and Result Displays...................................................83
5.1 Basics on Phase Noise Measurements.....................................................................83
5.1.1 Residual Effects............................................................................................................ 83
5.2 Performing Measurements.........................................................................................84
5.3 Selecting Measurements............................................................................................ 86
5.4 Result Displays........................................................................................................... 87
6 Common Measurement Settings........................................................ 97
6.1 Configuration Overview..............................................................................................97
6.2 Input Source................................................................................................................ 99
6.2.1 RF Input........................................................................................................................ 99
6.2.2 Baseband Input........................................................................................................... 100
6.3 Level Characteristics................................................................................................ 101
6.3.1 Signal Attenuation....................................................................................................... 101
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Contents
6.3.2 Amplitude Characteristics........................................................................................... 102
6.3.3 Diagram Scale.............................................................................................................104
6.4 Frequency.................................................................................................................. 105
6.5 Noise Measurement Configuration..........................................................................110
6.5.1 Triggered Measurements (Phase Noise CW)..............................................................110
6.5.2 Measurement Range...................................................................................................110
6.5.3 Noise Configuration..................................................................................................... 111
6.5.4 Integrated Measurement Configuration.......................................................................116
6.5.5 Spot Noise Information................................................................................................119
6.5.6 Spur Display................................................................................................................120
6.5.7 Frequency Stability Configuration............................................................................... 122
6.6 DC Source Configuration......................................................................................... 123
6.7 VCO Characterization Configuration.......................................................................126
6.7.1 Sweep Configuration...................................................................................................127
6.7.2 Trace Configuration.....................................................................................................129
6.8 Spot Noise vs Tune Configuration...........................................................................130
6.8.1 Trace Configuration.....................................................................................................130
6.9 PN Transient Analysis Configuration......................................................................131
6.9.1 Frequency Configuration.............................................................................................132
6.9.2 Trigger Configuration...................................................................................................133
6.9.3 Data Acquisition.......................................................................................................... 136
6.9.4 Amplitude Configuration..............................................................................................137
6.9.5 Diagram Scale.............................................................................................................138
6.9.6 Settling Time............................................................................................................... 140
6.9.7 Frequency Deviation................................................................................................... 140
6.9.8 Trace Configuration.....................................................................................................141
6.9.9 Marker Configuration...................................................................................................141
6.9.10 Limit Lines................................................................................................................... 142
7 Common Analysis and Display Functions...................................... 143
7.1 Result Display Configuration...................................................................................143
7.1.1 Basic Result Displays..................................................................................................143
7.1.2 Laying out the Result Display with the SmartGrid.......................................................143
7.2 Zoomed Displays...................................................................................................... 147
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Contents
7.2.1 Single Zoom Versus Multiple Zoom............................................................................ 147
7.2.2 Zoom Functions.......................................................................................................... 149
7.2.3 How to Zoom Into a Diagram...................................................................................... 150
7.3 Trace Configuration.................................................................................................. 152
7.3.1 Basics on Traces.........................................................................................................152
7.3.2 Trace Configuration.....................................................................................................155
7.3.3 Trace Export and Import..............................................................................................158
7.3.4 Copying Traces........................................................................................................... 162
7.3.5 Trace Math.................................................................................................................. 163
7.3.6 Trace Labels................................................................................................................163
7.3.7 How to Configure Traces.............................................................................................164
7.3.8 References..................................................................................................................165
7.4 Markers...................................................................................................................... 165
7.4.1 Basics on Markers and Marker Functions...................................................................165
7.4.2 Marker Settings........................................................................................................... 167
7.4.3 Marker Search Settings and Positioning Functions.................................................... 171
7.5 Limit Lines................................................................................................................. 174
7.5.1 Basics on Limit Lines.................................................................................................. 174
7.5.2 Limit Line Settings and Functions............................................................................... 177
7.5.3 How to Define Limit Lines........................................................................................... 181
8 Data Management.............................................................................. 185
8.1 Restoring the Default Instrument Configuration (Preset)..................................... 185
8.2 Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data.................... 186
8.2.1 Quick Save/Quick Recall.............................................................................................187
8.2.2 Configurable Storage and Recall................................................................................ 189
8.2.3 How to Save and Load Instrument Settings................................................................194
8.3 Import/Export Functions.......................................................................................... 195
8.4 Creating Screenshots of Current Measurement Results and Settings................197
8.4.1 Print and Screenshot Settings.....................................................................................197
8.4.2 How to Store or Print Screenshots of the Display....................................................... 206
9 General Instrument Setup................................................................. 210
9.1 Alignment...................................................................................................................210
9.1.1 Basics on Alignment....................................................................................................210
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Contents
9.1.2 Alignment Settings...................................................................................................... 212
9.1.3 How to Perform a Self-Test......................................................................................... 215
9.1.4 How to Align the Instrument........................................................................................ 215
9.1.5 How to Align the Touchscreen.....................................................................................216
9.2 Display Settings........................................................................................................ 216
9.2.1 Display Settings.......................................................................................................... 216
9.2.2 How to Configure the Colors for Display and Printing.................................................225
9.2.3 How to Work with the Soft Front Panels......................................................................226
9.3 Reference Frequency Settings................................................................................ 227
9.4 System Configuration Settings................................................................................230
9.4.1 Hardware Information..................................................................................................230
9.4.2 Information on Versions and Options..........................................................................231
9.4.3 System Messages.......................................................................................................232
9.4.4 Firmware Updates.......................................................................................................233
9.4.5 General Configuration Settings................................................................................... 235
9.5 Service Functions..................................................................................................... 236
9.5.1 R&S Support Information............................................................................................ 236
9.5.2 Self-test Settings and Results..................................................................................... 237
9.5.3 Calibration Signal Display........................................................................................... 238
9.5.4 Service Functions........................................................................................................240
9.5.5 Hardware Diagnostics................................................................................................. 241
10 Network and Remote Operation....................................................... 243
10.1 Remote Control Basics.............................................................................................243
10.1.1 Remote Control Interfaces and Protocols................................................................... 243
10.1.2 SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments).....................................251
10.1.3 VISA Libraries............................................................................................................. 252
10.1.4 Messages....................................................................................................................252
10.1.5 SCPI Command Structure...........................................................................................253
10.1.6 Command Sequence and Synchronization.................................................................261
10.1.7 Status Reporting System............................................................................................ 263
10.1.8 General Programming Recommendations..................................................................278
10.2 The IECWIN Tool........................................................................................................279
10.3 Network and Remote Control Settings................................................................... 280
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10.3.1 General Network Settings........................................................................................... 280
10.3.2 GPIB Settings..............................................................................................................282
10.3.3 Compatibility Settings..................................................................................................285
10.3.4 LAN Settings............................................................................................................... 286
10.3.5 Remote Errors.............................................................................................................288
10.3.6 Returning to Manual Mode ("Local")........................................................................... 289
10.4.1 How to Configure a Network....................................................................................... 291
10.4.2 How to Operate the Instrument Without a Network.....................................................297
10.4.3 How to Log on to the Network.....................................................................................297
10.4.4 How to Share Directories (only with Microsoft Networks)........................................... 300
10.4.5 How to Control the R&S FSPN via the Web Browser Interface.................................. 300
10.4.6 How to Deactivate the Web Browser Interface............................................................301
Contents
10.4 How to Set Up a Network and Remote Control...................................................... 290
10.4.7 How to Set Up Remote Desktop................................................................................. 302
10.4.8 How to Start a Remote Control Session from a PC.................................................... 309
10.4.9 How to Return to Manual Operation............................................................................310
11 Remote Control.................................................................................. 311
11.1 Conventions Used in SCPI Command Descriptions..............................................311
11.2 Common Suffixes......................................................................................................312
11.3 Common Commands................................................................................................312
11.4 Selecting the Operating Mode and Application..................................................... 316
11.4.1 Selecting Mode and Applications................................................................................ 316
11.4.2 Performing a Sequence of Measurements..................................................................319
11.4.3 Programming Example: Performing a Sequence of Measurements........................... 321
11.5 Measurements and Result Displays........................................................................323
11.5.1 Measurement Selection.............................................................................................. 323
11.5.2 Performing Measurements..........................................................................................325
11.5.3 Querying Results.........................................................................................................327
11.5.4 Programming Examples..............................................................................................336
11.6 Common Measurement Settings............................................................................. 337
11.6.1 Remote Commands to Configure the Input Source.................................................... 337
11.6.2 Output......................................................................................................................... 339
11.6.3 Remote Commands to Configure User Ports..............................................................348
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11.6.4 Remote Commands to Configure Level Characteristics............................................. 350
11.6.5 Remote Commands to Configure the Frequency........................................................356
11.6.6 Phase Noise Measurement Configuration.................................................................. 360
11.6.7 VCO Characterization Configuration...........................................................................379
11.6.8 Spot Noise vs Tune Configuration...............................................................................382
11.6.9 Transient Analysis.......................................................................................................386
11.7.1 Display Configuration.................................................................................................. 402
11.7.2 Zoom........................................................................................................................... 410
11.7.3 Trace Configuration.....................................................................................................413
11.7.4 Marker......................................................................................................................... 425
11.7.5 Limit Lines................................................................................................................... 438
Contents
11.7 Common Analysis and Display Functions............................................................. 402
11.8 Managing Settings and Results...............................................................................450
11.8.1 Managing Files............................................................................................................450
11.8.2 Selecting Items to Store.............................................................................................. 456
11.8.3 Saving and Loading Instrument Settings.................................................................... 459
11.8.4 Storing and Printing Screenshots................................................................................462
11.8.5 Saving Measurement Results..................................................................................... 473
11.8.6 Examples: Managing Data.......................................................................................... 474
11.9 Configuring the R&S FSPN...................................................................................... 477
11.9.1 Basic Instrument Setup............................................................................................... 477
11.9.2 Configuring the Reference Frequency........................................................................ 478
11.9.3 Calibrating the R&S FSPN and Checking Temperature..............................................483
11.9.4 Customizing the Screen Layout.................................................................................. 486
11.9.5 Configuring Network and Remote Control.................................................................. 492
11.9.6 Configuring HUMS...................................................................................................... 497
11.9.7 Checking the System Configuration............................................................................503
11.9.8 Using Service Functions............................................................................................. 507
11.9.9 Reference: Command Set of 5052 Emulation.............................................................509
11.9.10 Reference: Command Set of Emulated PSA Models.................................................. 511
11.10 Using the Status Register........................................................................................ 515
11.10.1 General Status Register Commands.......................................................................... 515
11.10.2 Reading Out the CONDition Part................................................................................ 516
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11.10.3 Reading Out the EVENt Part.......................................................................................516
11.10.4 Controlling the ENABle Part........................................................................................517
11.10.5 Controlling the Negative Transition Part......................................................................518
11.10.6 Controlling the Positive Transition Part....................................................................... 518
11.11 Programming Examples........................................................................................... 519
11.11.1 Service Request..........................................................................................................519
Contents
12 Troubleshooting................................................................................. 528
12.1 Collecting Information for Support..........................................................................528
12.2 Contacting Customer Support.................................................................................530
13 Transporting.......................................................................................531
14 Maintenance, Storage, Transport and Disposal.............................. 532
14.1 Cleaning..................................................................................................................... 532
14.2 Storage.......................................................................................................................532
14.3 Transporting.............................................................................................................. 532
14.4 Disposal..................................................................................................................... 533
List of commands.............................................................................. 534
Index....................................................................................................546
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R&S®FSPN
Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety Instructions
1 Safety and Regulatory Information
The product documentation helps you use the product safely and efficiently. Follow the
instructions provided here and in the Chapter 1.1, "Safety Instructions", on page 11.
Intended use
The product is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic
components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments.
Use the product only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating conditions and
performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Target audience
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you of potential dangers and gives instructions on how to prevent personal injury or damage caused by
dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
In Chapter 1.1, "Safety Instructions", on page 11. The same information is provided in many languages as printed "Safety Instructions". The printed "Safety
Instructions" are delivered with the product.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.
1.1 Safety Instructions
Products from the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies are manufactured according
to the highest technical standards. To use the products safely, follow the instructions
provided here and in the product documentation. Keep the product documentation
nearby and offer it to other users.
Use the product only for its intended use and within its performance limits. Intended
use and limits are described in the product documentation such as the data sheet,
manuals and the printed "Safety Instructions". If you are unsure about the appropriate
use, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
Using the product requires specialists or specially trained personnel. These users also
need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user interfaces
and the product documentation are available.
Never open the casing of the product. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product. If any part of the product is damaged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service at
http://www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com.
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R&S®FSPN
Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety Instructions
Lifting and carrying the product
The product is heavy. Do not move or carry the product by yourself. A single person
can only carry a maximum of 18 kg safely depending on age, gender and physical condition. Look up the maximum weight in the data sheet. Use the product handles to
move or carry the product. Do not lift by the accessories mounted on the product.
Accessories are not designed to carry the weight of the product.
To move the product safely, you can use lifting or transporting equipment such as lift
trucks and forklifts. Follow the instructions provided by the equipment manufacturer.
Choosing the operating site
Only use the product indoors. The product casing is not waterproof. Water that enters
can electrically connect the casing with live parts, which can lead to electric shock,
serious personal injury or death if you touch the casing. If Rohde & Schwarz provides
accessories designed for your product, e.g. a carrying bag, you can use the product
outdoors.
Unless otherwise specified, you can operate the product up to an altitude of 2000 m
above sea level. The product is suitable for pollution degree 2 environments where
nonconductive contamination can occur. For more information on environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
Setting up the product
Always place the product on a stable, flat and level surface with the bottom of the product facing down. If the product is designed for different positions, secure the product so
that it cannot fall over.
If the product has foldable feet, always fold the feet completely in or out to ensure stability. The feet can collapse if they are not folded out completely or if the product is
moved without lifting it. The foldable feet are designed to carry the weight of the product, but not an extra load.
If stacking is possible, keep in mind that a stack of products can fall over and cause
injury.
If you mount products in a rack, ensure that the rack has sufficient load capacity and
stability. Observe the specifications of the rack manufacturer. Always install the products from the bottom shelf to the top shelf so that the rack stands securely. Secure the
product so that it cannot fall off the rack.
Connecting to power
The product is an overvoltage category II product. Connect the product to a fixed
installation used to supply energy-consuming equipment such as household appliances and similar loads. Keep in mind that electrically powered products have risks, such
as electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Take the following measures for your safety:
●
Before switching on the product, ensure that the voltage and frequency indicated
on the product match the available power source. If the power adapter does not
adjust automatically, set the correct value and check the rating of the fuse.
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R&S®FSPN
Safety and Regulatory Information
Warning Messages in the Documentation
●
Only use the power cable delivered with the product. It complies with country-specific safety requirements. Only insert the plug into an outlet with protective conductor terminal.
●
Only use intact cables and route them carefully so that they cannot be damaged.
Check the power cables regularly to ensure that they are undamaged. Also ensure
that nobody can trip over loose cables.
●
If the product needs an external power supply, use the power supply that is delivered with the product or that is recommended in the product documentation or a
power supply that conforms to the country-specific regulations.
●
Only connect the product to a power source with a fuse protection of maximum
20 A.
●
Ensure that you can disconnect the product from the power source at any time.
Pull the power plug to disconnect the product. The power plug must be easily
accessible. If the product is integrated into a system that does not meet these
requirements, provide an easily accessible circuit breaker at the system level.
Cleaning the product
Use a dry, lint-free cloth to clean the product. When cleaning, keep in mind that the
casing is not waterproof. Do not use liquid cleaning agents.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential hazards.
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
Heavy product
Be careful when lifting, moving or carrying the product. Carrying the product requires a suffi-
cient number of persons or transport equipment.
Electrical hazard
Indicates live parts. Risk of electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Hot surface
Do not touch. Risk of skin burns. Risk of fire.
Protective conductor terminal
Connect this terminal to a grounded external conductor or to protective ground. This connec-
tion protects you against electric shock if an electric problem occurs.
1.2 Warning Messages in the Documentation
A warning message points out a risk or danger that you need to be aware of. The signal word indicates the severity of the safety hazard and how likely it will occur if you do
not follow the safety precautions.
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R&S®FSPN
Safety and Regulatory Information
Korea Certification Class A
WARNING
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in death or serious injury if not avoided.
CAUTION
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in minor or moderate injury if not avoided.
NOTICE
Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to other
property.
1.3 Korea Certification Class A
이 기기는 업무용(A급) 전자파 적합기기로서 판매자 또는 사용자는 이 점을 주의하시기
바라며, 가정외의 지역에서 사용하는 것을 목적으로 합니다.
14User Manual 1179.4363.02 ─ 01
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R&S®FSPN
Documentation Overview
Service Manual
2 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSPN user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSPN product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/FSPN
2.1 Getting Started Manual
Introduces the R&S FSPN and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
2.2 User Manuals and Help
The user manual contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also
provides an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control
commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
The contents of the user manual are available as help in the R&S FSPN. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the instrument
and its firmware.
The user manual is also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
2.3 Service Manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
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R&S®FSPN
Documentation Overview
Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
2.4 Instrument Security Procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSPN in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
2.5 Printed Safety Instructions
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
2.6 Data Sheets and Brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSPN. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSPN
2.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSPN
2.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSPN
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R&S®FSPN
3.1.1 Lifting and Carrying
Getting Started
Preparing for Use
3 Getting Started
Note: the following chapters are identical to those in the printed R&S FSPN Getting
Started manual.
3.1 Preparing for Use
Here, you can find basic information about setting up the instrument for the first time.
The carrying handles are designed to lift or carry the instrument. Do not apply excessive external force to the handles.
See "Lifting and carrying the product" on page 12.
3.1.2 Unpacking and Checking
1. Unpack the R&S FSPN carefully.
2. Retain the original packing material. Use it when transporting or shipping the
R&S FSPN later.
3. Using the delivery notes, check the equipment for completeness.
4. Check the equipment for damage.
If the delivery is incomplete or equipment is damaged, contact Rohde & Schwarz.
3.1.3 Choosing the Operating Site
Specific operating conditions ensure proper operation and avoid damage to the product and connected devices. For information on environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
See also "Choosing the operating site" on page 12.
Electromagnetic compatibility classes
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) class indicates where you can operate the
product. The EMC class of the product is given in the data sheet under "General data".
●
Class B equipment is suitable for use in:
– Residential environments
– Environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that
supplies residential buildings
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R&S®FSPN
3.1.4 Setting Up the R&S FSPN
3.1.4.1 Placing the Product on a Bench Top
Getting Started
Preparing for Use
●
Class A equipment is intended for use in industrial environments. It can cause
radio disturbances in residential environments due to possible conducted and radiated disturbances. It is therefore not suitable for class B environments.
If class A equipment causes radio disturbances, take appropriate measures to
eliminate them.
The R&S FSPN is designed for use on a bench top or in a rack.
See also:
●
"Setting up the product" on page 12
●
"Intended use" on page 11
To place the product on a bench top
1. Place the product on a stable, flat and level surface. Ensure that the surface can
support the weight of the product. For information on the weight, see the data
sheet.
WARNING! A stack of products can fall over and cause injury. Never stack more
2.
than two products. Otherwise, mount them in a rack.
Stack as follows:
● All products must have the same dimensions (width and length).
● Do not exceed a total load of 50 kg placed on the product at the bottom of the
stack.
= Stacked correctly
Left
Right = Stacked incorrectly, too many products
NOTICE! Overheating can damage the product.
3.
Prevent overheating as follows:
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R&S®FSPN
3.1.4.2 Mounting the R&S FSPN in a Rack
Getting Started
Preparing for Use
● Keep a minimum distance of 10 cm between the fan openings of the product
and any object in the vicinity.
● Do not place the product next to heat-generating equipment such as radiators
or other products.
To prepare the rack
1. Observe the requirements and instructions in "Setting up the product" on page 12.
NOTICE! Insufficient airflow can cause overheating and damage the product.
2.
Design and implement an efficient ventilation concept for the rack.
To mount the R&S FSPN in a rack
1. Use an adapter kit to prepare the R&S FSPN for rack mounting.
a) Order the rack adapter kit designed for the R&S FSPN. For the order number,
see the data sheet.
b) Mount the adapter kit. Follow the assembly instructions provided with the
adapter kit.
2. Lift the R&S FSPN to shelf height.
3. Grab the handles and push the R&S FSPN onto the shelf until the rack brackets fit
closely to the rack.
4. Tighten all screws in the rack brackets with a tightening torque of 1.2 Nm to secure
the R&S FSPN in the rack.
To unmount the R&S FSPN from a rack
1. Loosen the screws at the rack brackets.
2. Remove the R&S FSPN from the rack.
3. If placing the R&S FSPN on a bench top again, unmount the adapter kit from the
R&S FSPN. Follow the instructions provided with the adapter kit.
3.1.5 Connecting the AC Power
In the standard version, the R&S FSPN is equipped with an AC power supply connector.
The R&S FSPN can be used with different AC power voltages and adapts itself automatically to it. Refer to the datasheet for the requirements of voltage and frequency.
For safety information, see "Connecting to power" on page 12.
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R&S®FSPN
3.1.6 Switching the Instrument On and Off
Getting Started
Preparing for Use
To connect the AC power
1. Plug the AC power cable into the AC power connector on the rear panel of the
instrument. Only use the AC power cable delivered with the R&S FSPN.
2. Plug the AC power cable into a power outlet with ground contact.
The required ratings are listed next to the AC power connector and in the data
sheet.
For details on the connector, refer to Chapter 3.2.2.2, "AC Power Supply Connection
and Main Power Switch", on page 38.
Table 3-1: Overview of power states
Status LED on Power key Position of main power switch
Off
Standby
Ready
gray
orange
green
[0]
[I]
[I]
To switch on the R&S FSPN
The R&S FSPN is off but connected to power.
1. Set the switch on the power supply to position [I].
See Chapter 3.2.2.2, "AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch",
on page 38.
The LED of the Power key is orange.
See Chapter 3.2.1.2, "Power Key", on page 31.
2. Press the Power key.
See Table 3-1.
The LED changes to green.
The R&S FSPN boots.
After booting, the instrument is ready for operation.
Warm-up time for OCXO
When the instrument is switched on, the OCXO requires an extended warm-up time
(see data sheet).
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R&S®FSPN
Getting Started
Preparing for Use
To shut down the product
The product is in the ready state.
► Press the [Power] key.
The operating system shuts down. The LED changes to orange.
If the instrument temperature exceeds the limit specified in the data sheet, the
R&S FSPN automatically shuts down to protect the instrument from damage.
To disconnect from power
The R&S FSPN is in the standby state.
NOTICE! Risk of data loss. If you disconnect the product from power when it is in
1.
the ready state, you can lose settings and data. Shut it down first.
Set the switch on the power supply to position [0].
See Chapter 3.2.2.2, "AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch",
on page 38.
The LED of the standby key is switched off.
2. Disconnect the R&S FSPN from the power source.
3.1.7 Connecting to LAN
You can connect the instrument to a LAN for remote operation via a PC.
Provided the network administrator has assigned you the appropriate rights and adapted the Windows firewall configuration, you can use the interface, for example:
●
To transfer data between a controlling device and the test device, e.g. to run a
remote control program
●
To access or control the measurement from a remote computer using the "Remote
Desktop" application (or a similar tool)
●
To connect external network devices (e.g. printers)
●
To transfer data from a remote computer and back, e.g. using network folders
Network environment
Before connecting the product to a local area network (LAN), consider the following:
●
Install the latest firmware to reduce security risks.
●
For internet or remote access, use secured connections, if applicable.
●
Ensure that the network settings comply with the security policies of your company.
Contact your local system administrator or IT department before connecting your
product to your company LAN.
●
When connected to the LAN, the product may potentially be accessed from the
internet, which may be a security risk. For example, attackers might misuse or
damage the product. For more information about IT security and how to operate
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R&S®FSPN
Getting Started
Preparing for Use
the product in a secure LAN environment, see the Rohde & Schwarz white paper
1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10.
NOTICE! Risk of network failure.
►
Consult your network administrator before performing the following tasks:
● Connecting the instrument to the network
● Configuring the network
● Changing IP addresses
● Exchanging hardware
Errors can affect the entire network.
Connect the R&S FSPN to the LAN via the LAN interface on the rear panel of the
instrument.
Windows automatically detects the network connection and activates the required
drivers.
By default, the R&S FSPN is configured to use DHCP and no static IP address is
configured.
The default instrument name is <Type><variant>-<serial_number>, for example,
FSPN6-123456. For information on determining the serial number, see Chap-
ter 3.2.2.12, "Device ID", on page 40.
For more information on LAN configuration, see the R&S FSPN user manual.
3.1.8 Connecting a Keyboard
The keyboard is detected automatically when it is connected. The default input language is English – US.
However, you can also connect foreign language keyboards; currently the following
languages are supported for the R&S FSPN:
●
German
●
Swiss
●
French
●
Russian
To configure the keyboard language
1. To access the Windows operating system, press the Windows key on the external
keyboard.
2. Select "Start > Settings > Time & language > Region & language > Add a language" .
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R&S®FSPN
3.1.9 Connecting an External Monitor
Getting Started
Preparing for Use
You can connect an external monitor (or projector) to the "DVI" or "Display port" connector on the rear panel of the R&S FSPN (see also Chapter 3.2.2.3, "Display Port and
DVI", on page 38).
Screen resolution and format
The touchscreen of the R&S FSPN is calibrated for a 16:10 format. If you connect a
monitor or projector using a different format (e.g. 4:3), the calibration is not correct and
the screen does not react to your touch actions properly.
The touchscreen has a screen resolution of 1280x800 pixels. Usually, the display of
the external monitor is a duplicate of the instrument's monitor.
If you configure the external monitor to be used as the only display in the Windows
configuration dialog box ("Show only on 2"), the maximum screen resolution of the
monitor is used. In this case, you can maximize the R&S FSPN application window and
see even more details. You cannot change the monitor's screen resolution via the standard Windows configuration dialog box.
However, you can restore the default instrument resolution (1280x800) on the monitor
using the instrument function "Setup" > "Display" > "Configure Monitor" > "Screen Resolution: Restore to default".
The R&S FSPN supports a minimum resolution of 1280x768 pixels.
1. Connect the external monitor to the R&S FSPN.
2. Press the [Setup] key.
3. Press the "Display" softkey.
4. Select the "Configure Monitor" tab in the "Display" dialog box.
The standard Windows "Screen Resolution" dialog box is displayed.
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Getting Started
Preparing for Use
5. Select the instrument for display:
● "Display 1" : internal monitor only
● "Display 2" : external monitor only
● "Duplicate" : both internal and external monitor
6. Tap "Apply" to try out the settings before they are accepted permanently, then you
can easily return to the previous settings, if necessary.
7. Select "OK" if the settings are suitable.
3.1.10 Windows Operating System
The instrument contains the Microsoft Windows operating system which has been configured according to the instrument's features and needs. Changes in the system setup
are only required when peripherals like a keyboard or a printer are installed or if the
network configuration does not comply with the default settings. After the R&S FSPN is
started, the operating system boots and the instrument firmware is started automatically.
Tested software
The drivers and programs used on the instrument under Microsoft Windows are adapted to the instrument. Only install update software released by Rohde & Schwarz to
modify existing instrument software.
You can install additional software on the instrument; however, additional software can
impair instrument function. Thus, run only programs that Rohde & Schwarz has tested
for compatibility with the instrument software.
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R&S®FSPN
Getting Started
Preparing for Use
The following program packages have been tested:
●
Symantec Endpoint Security – virus-protection software
●
FileShredder - for reliable deletion of files on the hard disk
Service packs and updates
Microsoft regularly creates security updates and other patches to protect Windowsbased operating systems. These are released through the Microsoft Update website
and associated update server. Instruments using Windows, especially those that connect to a network, should be updated regularly.
Firewall settings
A firewall protects an instrument by preventing unauthorized users from gaining access
to it through a network. Rohde & Schwarz highly recommends the use of the firewall on
your instrument. Rohde & Schwarz instruments are shipped with the Windows firewall
enabled and preconfigured in such a way that all ports and connections for remote
control are enabled.
Note that changing firewall settings requires administrator rights.
Virus protection
Take appropriate steps to protect your instruments from infection. Use strong firewall
settings and scan any removable storage device used with a Rohde & Schwarz instrument regularly. It is also recommended that you install anti-virus software on the instrument. Rohde & Schwarz does NOT recommend running anti-virus software in the
background ("on-access" mode) on Windows-based instruments, due to potentially
degrading instrument performance. However, Rohde & Schwarz does recommend running it during non-critical hours.
For details and recommendations, see the following Rohde & Schwarz white paper:
●
1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10
To access the "Start" menu
The Windows "Start" menu provides access to the Microsoft Windows functionality and
installed programs.
► Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar, or press the "Windows" key or the [CTRL
+ ESC] key combination on the (external) keyboard.
The "Start" menu and the Windows taskbar are displayed.
The Windows taskbar also provides quick access to commonly used programs, for
example Paint or WordPad. IECWIN, the auxiliary remote control tool provided free of
charge and installed by Rohde & Schwarz, is also available from the taskbar or "Start"
menu.
For details on the IECWIN tool, see the "Network and Remote Control" chapter of the
R&S FSPN user manual.
All necessary system settings can be defined in the "Start > Settings" menu.
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R&S®FSPN
3.1.11 Logging On
Getting Started
Preparing for Use
For required settings, refer to the Microsoft Windows documentation and to the hardware description.
Microsoft Windows requires that users identify themselves by entering a user name
and password in a login window. By default, the R&S FSPN provides two user
accounts:
●
"Instrument": a standard user account with limited access
●
"Admin" or "Administrator" (depends on firmware image): an administrator
account with unrestricted access to the computer/domain
Some administrative tasks require administrator rights (e.g. the configuration of a LAN
network). Refer to the description of the basic instrument Setup ([Setup] menu) to find
out which functions are affected.
Passwords
For all default user accounts, the initial password is 894129. Note that this password is
very weak, and it is recommended that you change the password for both users after
initial login. An administrator can change the password in Microsoft Windows for any
user at any time via "Start > Settings > Account > SignIn Options > Password >
Change".
Auto-login
When shipped, the instrument automatically logs on the default "Instrument" user to
Microsoft Windows using the default password. This function is active until an administrator explicitly deactivates it or changes the password.
Changing the password and use of auto-login function
Note that when you change the default password, the default auto-login function no
longer works!
In this case, you must enter the new password manually to log on.
Adapting the auto-login function to a new password
If you change the password that is used during auto-login, this function no longer
works. Adapt the settings for the auto-login function first.
1. Open the C:\R_S\INSTR\USER\user\AUTOLOGIN.REG file in any text editor
(e.g. Notepad).
2. In the line "DefaultPassword"="894129", replace the default password
(894129) by the new password for automatic login.
3. Save the changes to the file.
4. In the Windows "Start" menu, select "Run".
The "Run" dialog box is displayed.
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R&S®FSPN
Getting Started
Preparing for Use
5. Enter the command C:\R_S\INSTR\USER\user\AUTOLOGIN.REG.
6. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm.
The auto-login function is reactivated with the changed password. It will be applied
the next time the instrument is switched on.
Switching users when using the auto-login function
Which user account is used is defined during login. If auto-login is active, the login window is not displayed. However, you can switch the user account to be used even when
the auto-login function is active.
1. Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar to access the operating system of the
R&S FSPN (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 25).
2. Press [CTRL] + [ALT] + [DEL], then select "Sign out".
The "Login" dialog box is displayed, in which you can enter the different user
account name and password.
For information on deactivating and reactivating the auto-login function, see "Deactivat-
ing the auto-login function" on page 299.
3.1.12 Checking the Supplied Options
The instrument can be equipped with both hardware and firmware options. To check
whether the installed options correspond to the options indicated on the delivery note,
proceed as follows.
1. Press the [SETUP] key.
2. Press the "System Config" softkey.
3. Switch to the "Versions + Options" tab in the "System Configuration" dialog box.
A list with hardware and firmware information is displayed.
4. Check the availability of the hardware options as indicated in the delivery note.
3.1.13 Performing a Self-Alignment
When strong temperature changes occur in the environment of the R&S FSPN, or after
updating the firmware, you have to perform a self-alignment to align the data to a reference source.
During self-alignment, do not connect a signal to the RF input connector. Running a
self-alignment with a signal connected to the RF input can lead to false measurement
results.
Performing a self-alignment
Before performing this functional test, make sure that the instrument has reached its
operating temperature (for details, refer to the data sheet).
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Getting Started
Preparing for Use
A message in the status bar ( "Instrument warming up..." ) indicates that the operating
temperature has not yet been reached.
Depending on the installation settings, an automatic self-alignment is performed each
time the instrument is switched on. A dialog is displayed indicating how much warm-up
time is still required before self-alignment can be performed.
1. Press the [Setup] key.
2. Press the "Alignment" softkey.
3. Select the "Start Self Alignment" button in the "Alignment" dialog box.
Once the system correction values have been calculated successfully, a message
is displayed.
To display the alignment results again later
●
Press the [SETUP] key.
●
Press the "Alignment" softkey.
3.1.14 Considerations for Test Setup
Cable selection and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress electromagnetic radiation during operation:
●
Use high-quality shielded cables, for example, double-shielded RF and LAN
cables.
●
Always terminate open cable ends.
●
Ensure that connected external devices comply with EMC regulations.
Preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when you connect or disconnect a DUT.
NOTICE! Risk of electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge can damage the
►
electronic components of the product and the device under test (DUT).
Ground yourself to prevent electrostatic discharge damage:
a) Use a wrist strap and cord to connect yourself to ground.
b) Use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
Signal input and output levels
Information on signal levels is provided in the data sheet. Keep the signal levels within
the specified ranges to avoid damage to the R&S FSPN and connected devices.
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R&S®FSPN
3.2.1 Front Panel View
3.2 Instrument Tour
On the instrument tour, you can learn about the different control elements and connectors on the front and back panel of the R&S FSPN.
● Front Panel View.....................................................................................................29
● Rear Panel View..................................................................................................... 37
This chapter describes the front panel, including all function keys and connectors.
1
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
13
12
11
2 3 4 5 6 7 9 108
Figure 3-1: Front panel of the R&S FSPN
1 = Display (touchscreen)
2 = Power key
3 = System control keys
4 = USB 2.0 interfaces
5 = Power sensor connector
6 = Probe power connector
7 = DC power connectors
8 = Baseband connector
9 = RF input
10 = Trigger in- and output
11 = Keypad
12 = Navigation control
13 = Function keys
● Display (Touchscreen).............................................................................................30
● Power Key...............................................................................................................31
● System Control Keys...............................................................................................31
● The Function Keys.................................................................................................. 32
● The Keypad.............................................................................................................33
● Navigation Control...................................................................................................34
● RF Input 50 Ohm.....................................................................................................35
● USB Ports............................................................................................................... 35
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R&S®FSPN
3.2.1.1 Display (Touchscreen)
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
● Power Sensors........................................................................................................35
● Probe Power Connector (3 Pins)............................................................................ 36
● Baseband Input.......................................................................................................36
● Trigger Input and Output.........................................................................................36
● DC Power Supply....................................................................................................36
The touchscreen on the front panel of the R&S FSPN displays the measurement
results. Additionally, the screen display provides status and setting information and
allows you to switch between various measurement tasks. The screen is touch-sensitive, offering an alternative means of user interaction for quick and easy handling of the
instrument.
1 2 3 7 9
1
= Toolbar: contains general functionality of the firmware.
2 = Channel tab: contains measurement channel.
3 = Channel bar: shows measurement settings.
4 = Result display: contains measurement results.
5 = Window title bar: contains diagram-specific (trace) information.
6 = Status bar: contains system messages, progress bar and date and time.
7 = Input field.
8 = Diagram footer: contains diagram-specific information.
9 = Softkeys: provide access to measurement functions.
4 5
6
8
A touchscreen is a screen that is touch-sensitive, i.e. it reacts in a specified way when
a particular element on the screen is tapped by a finger or a pointing device, for example. Any user interface elements that can be clicked on by a mouse pointer can also be
tapped on the screen to trigger the same behavior, and vice versa.
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3.2.1.2 Power Key
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
Using the touchscreen, the following tasks (among others) can be performed by the tap
of your finger:
●
Changing a setting
●
Changing the display
●
Moving a marker
●
Zooming into a diagram
●
Selecting a new evaluation method
●
Scrolling through a result list
●
Saving or printing results and settings
To imitate a right-click by mouse using the touchscreen, for example to open a contextsensitive menu for a specific item, press the screen for about 1 second.
The power key is on the lower left corner of the front panel. It starts up and shuts down
the instrument.
See also "Connecting to power" on page 12.
3.2.1.3 System Control Keys
System control keys provide access to the basic instrument configuration.
Refer to the User Manual for an extensive description of the system configuration functionality.
Resets the instrument to its default configuration.
Selects a particular measurement application or operating mode.
Provides functionality to configure basic instrument characteristics, for example:
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
the LAN connection
the date and time
the display configuration
the reference frequency
firmware update and application installation
service functions
transducer configuration
Provides access to the on-screen keyboard.
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R&S®FSPN
3.2.1.4 The Function Keys
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
Turns full screen mode on and off.
Selects a window in split screen mode or browses through active windows in full
screen mode.
Function keys provide access to the most common measurement settings and functions.
Refer to the user manual for an extensive description of the measurement settings and
functions.
Provides functionality to define frequency parameters, for example:
Provides functionality to configure amplitude or level characteristics, for example:
Provides functionality to automatically define various parameters like the level or frequency.
Provides functionality to define various filter bandwidths.
Provides functionality to configure the measurement, for example:
Provides functionality to configure data acquisition and analyze measured data, for
example:
Provides functionality to activate and position absolute and relative markers (markers
and delta markers).
Performs a peak search for active markers.
If no marker is active, marker 1 is activated and the peak search is performed for it.
Provides functionality to position and control markers, for example:
●
to configure the marker search
●
to configure the peak excursion
Provides the measurement functions, for example:
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R&S®FSPN
3.2.1.5 The Keypad
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
Provides functionality to configure the measurement.
Provides functionality to control display and limit lines.
Provides functionality to configure inputs and outputs.
Starts a measurement in single measurement mode.
Starts a measurement in continuous measurement mode.
The alphanumeric keys allow you to enter alphanumeric characters where necessary
(for example in dialog boxes or input fields). The keypad containing the alphanumeric
keys also provides keys that select a particular unit.
Provide access to numbers and (special) characters.
...
Inserts a decimal point at the cursor position (".").
Changes the sign of a numeric value or inserts a dash character ("-") in case of
alphanumeric input.
Select a particular unit for a numeric value. The labels on and next to the key state
the units it selects.
...
Pressing one of the unit keys also completes the entry of a numeric value. Note that
in case of level entries (dB, dBm etc.) or dimensionless values, all unit keys have the
value "1" as multiplying factor and thus work like the [ENTER] key..
Provides the following functions:
In dialog boxes:
●
Closes all kinds of dialog boxes if edit mode is not active.
●
Quits edit mode if it is active.
●
Selects the "Cancel" button when available.
In "Edit" dialog boxes:
●
If data entry has been started, it retains the original value and closes the dialog
box.
●
If data entry has not been started or has been completed, it closes the dialog
box.
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3.2.1.6 Navigation Control
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
Deletes the character to the left of the cursor (if an (alpha)numeric entry has been
started already.
Provides the following functions:
●
Completes the entry of input made with the alphanumeric keys (numeric or
alphanumeric) and accepts the input.
If you enter a numeric value that has a unit, the [ENTER] key works like the
[HZ/DB] key.
●
Selects the default or focused element in dialog boxes.
Navigation control consists of a rotary knob and cursor keys. These keys allow you to
navigate within the display or within dialog boxes.
In addition to the rotary knob and the cursor keys, the navigation control also provides
undo / redo functionality.
Rotary knob
The rotary knob allows you to do several things:
●
It increases or decreases any kind of numeric value. In most cases, the rotary knob
changes numeric values with a fixed step size.
Turning it to the right corresponds to an increase, turning it to the left to a decrease
of a numeric value.
●
It works like a cursor key in dialog boxes or lists (for example dropdown menus). In
that case you can navigate to one of the items with the rotary knob. If the dialog
box covers more than one screen page, it also scrolls through the dialog box.
Turning it to the right corresponds to a downward movement. Moving it to the left to
an upward movement.
●
It moves around markers and other graphical elements on the screen. In most
cases, the step size is fix.
●
Pressing the rotary knob has the same effect as pressing the [ENTER] key as it
confirms an entry or selection.
Cursor keys
The cursor keys allow you to do several things:
●
The up and down keys increase or decrease any kind of numeric value if an input
field is active.
The cursor keys change numeric values with a fixed step size.
●
The cursor keys navigate through dialog boxes or lists (for example dropdown
menus).
●
The left and right keys move the cursor in an input field in the corresponding direction.
●
The up and down keys move markers around.
The step size is fix.
●
The cursor keys allow you to navigate to a cell in a table.
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R&S®FSPN
3.2.1.7 RF Input 50 Ohm
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
●
The cursor keys move a scroll bar (vertical or horizontal) in dialog boxes that have
one.
Undo and redo functionality
Reverts the software to an older state by erasing the last change you have applied.
The undo function is useful, for example, if you are performing a measurement with
several markers and a limit line and accidentally select a different measurement. In
this case, a lot of settings would be lost. However, if you press [UNDO] immediately
afterwards, the previous status is retrieved.
Reverses an undo action or repeats the most recently performed action.
The [UNDO] function is not available after a [PRESET] or "RECALL" operation. When
these functions are used, the history of previous actions is deleted.
Provides RF input from a connected device under test (DUT) to the R&S FSPN, which
is then analyzed in an RF measurement. Connect the DUT to the "RF Input" connector
on the R&S FSPN. Do not overload the input. For maximum allowed values, see the
data sheet.
The RF input can be coupled to the DUT by alternating current (AC) or direct current
(DC). AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. This is the default setting to prevent damage to the instrument. However, some specifications require DC
coupling. In this case, you must protect the instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually. For details, refer to the data sheet. For details on coupling, see the
chapter on radio frequency input in the R&S FSPN user manual.
See also Chapter 3.1.14, "Considerations for Test Setup", on page 28.
3.2.1.8 USB Ports
The three USB ports on the front panel (type A) allow you to connect devices like keyboards, mouses or memory sticks.
The R&S FSPN provides additional USB ports (including one type B port) on the rear
panel.
All USB ports support standard 2.0.
3.2.1.9 Power Sensors
The female Lemosa connector allows you to connect power sensors of the R&S NRPZxy family to the R&S FSPN.
For an extensive list of supported power sensors, refer to the data sheet.
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R&S®FSPN
3.2.1.10 Probe Power Connector (3 Pins)
3.2.1.11 Baseband Input
3.2.1.12 Trigger Input and Output
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
For details on configuring and using power sensors, see the User Manual.
The Probe Power connector allows you to supply external equipment with power (for
example probes or transducers).
The three-pinned probe power connector supports supply voltages from +15 V to
-12.6 V and ground. The maximum permissible current is 150 mA. This probe power
connector is suitable, for example, for high-impedance probes.
The "Baseband Input 50 Ω" connector is a female BNC connector that you can use to
connect a DUT for baseband noise measurements. Do not overload the input. For
maximum allowed values, see the data sheet.
The female BNC connector labeled "Trigger Input / Output" allows you to receive an
external trigger signal or send a trigger signal to another device.
When you are using the connector as a trigger input, you can apply voltages in the
range from 0.5 V to 3.5 V (the default value is 1.4 V). The typical input impedance is
10 kΩ.
When you are using the connector as a trigger output, the TTL compatible signal is
transmitted (0 V / 5 V).
Note that you can find another connector for trigger input and output on the rear panel.
For more information about controlling and configuring trigger input and output, refer to
the User Manual.
3.2.1.13 DC Power Supply
The female BNC connectors labeled "V
external devices, for example a DUT or an external reference oscillator, with the
required voltage.
The V
connector provides supply voltage from 0 V to +16 V, for example to pro-
Supply
vide voltage for an oscillator. The supported maximum current is 2000 mA.
The V
connector provides tuning voltage from ‑10 V to +28 V. The supported maxi-
Tune
mum current is 20 mA.
Tune
", "V
" and "V
Aux
" allow you to supply
Supply
The V
connector provides DC voltage from ‑10 V to +10 V. The supported maximum
Aux
current is 100 mA.
For more information about configuring the DC Power supply, refer to the User Manual.
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3.2.2 Rear Panel View
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
This figure shows the rear panel view of the R&S FSPN. The individual elements are
described in more detail in the subsequent sections.
6 7
Figure 3-2: Rear panel of the R&S FSPN
1 = Removable hard disk
2 = AC power connector and power switch
3 = DisplayPort and DVI
4 = LAN interface
5 = USB ports
6 = IF / Video / Demod output
7 = Trigger in- / output
8 = Sync trigger input and output
9 = AUX port
10 = GPIB interface
11 = Ref input and output
1 23 4 5
8 9 10
11
For information about the trigger in- and output available on the rear panel, see Chap-
ter 3.2.1.12, "Trigger Input and Output", on page 36.
The digital baseband in- and outputs shown in the image above are not supported by
the R&S FSPN.
● Removable Hard Disk............................................................................................. 38
● AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch.......................................... 38
● Display Port and DVI...............................................................................................38
● LAN......................................................................................................................... 38
● USB Ports............................................................................................................... 38
● Sync Trigger Input and Output................................................................................39
● Aux. Port................................................................................................................. 39
● GPIB Interface.........................................................................................................39
● OCXO......................................................................................................................39
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3.2.2.1 Removable Hard Disk
3.2.2.2 AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
● REF INPUT / REF OUTPUT................................................................................... 39
● Labels on R&S FSPN..............................................................................................40
● Device ID.................................................................................................................40
The removable hard disk is accessible from the rear of the instrument.
In addition to the operating system and the firmware, the R&S FSPN also stores measurement data on that disk. When you remove the hard disk, you can store it and the
data on it somewhere secure.
An AC power supply connector and main power switch are located in a unit on the rear
panel of the instrument.
Main power switch function:
Position 1: The instrument can be started via the Power key on the front panel.
The OCXO reference frequency is warmed up.
Position O: The entire instrument is disconnected from the AC power supply.
For details, refer to "Connecting to power" on page 12 and Chapter 3.1.5, "Connecting
the AC Power", on page 19.
3.2.2.3 Display Port and DVI
You can connect an external monitor or other display device to the R&S FSPN to provide an enlarged display. Two different types of connectors are provided for this purpose:
●
Display Port
●
DVI (digital visual interface)
For details, see Chapter 3.1.9, "Connecting an External Monitor", on page 23.
3.2.2.4 LAN
The R&S FSPN is equipped with a 1 GBit Ethernet IEEE 802.3u network interface with
Auto-MDI(X) functionality. The assignment of the RJ-45 connector supports twistedpair category 5 UTP/STP cables in a star configuration (UTP stands for unshielded
twisted pair, and STP for shielded twisted pair).
For details, see Chapter 10, "Network and Remote Operation", on page 243.
3.2.2.5 USB Ports
The four USB ports on the rear panel (type A) allow you to connect devices like keyboards, mouses or memory sticks.
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3.2.2.6 Sync Trigger Input and Output
3.2.2.7 Aux. Port
Getting Started
Instrument Tour
The male USB connector (type B) allows you to connect the R&S FSPN to a computer
and establish a remote control connection, for example.
All USB connectors support standard 2.0.
The "Sync Trigger Input / Output" connectors allow you to synchronize several devices
(for example two R&S FSPNs) with respect to the trigger signal, but also the reference
frequency. A 100 MHz signal can be output as a trigger or reference signal to another
device, and an external trigger or reference signal can be received at the input connector by the R&S FSPN.
A 9-pole SUB-D male connector used to provide low-voltage TTL control signals (max.
5 V). The output signals can be used to control external devices.
3.2.2.8 GPIB Interface
The GPIB interface is in compliance with IEEE488 and SCPI. A computer for remote
control can be connected via this interface. To set up the connection, a shielded cable
is recommended.
For more details, refer to Chapter 10, "Network and Remote Operation", on page 243.
3.2.2.9 OCXO
The OCXO generates a 10 MHz reference signal with a very precise frequency. If no
external signal is used, this signal is used as an internal reference. It can also be used
to synchronize other connected devices via the REF OUTPUT 10 MHz connector.
Warm-up time for OCXO
When the instrument is switched on, the OCXO requires an extended warm-up time
(see data sheet).
3.2.2.10 REF INPUT / REF OUTPUT
The REF INPUT connectors are used to provide an external reference signal to the
R&S FSPN.
Various connectors are provided for different reference signals:
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Getting Started
Instrument Tour
Connector Reference signal Usage
REF INPUT 1...20 MHz
0...10 dBm
REF OUTPUT 1...20 MHz
0...10 dBm
REF OUTPUT 10 MHz
10 dBm
REF INPUT 100 MHz
0...10 dBm
REF OUTPUT 100 MHz
6 dBm
REF OUTPUT 640 MHz
16 dBm
To provide an external reference signal on the
R&S FSPN.
To provide the same external reference signal received
by the REF INPUT 1...20 MHz connector to another
device, when available.
To provide the internal reference signal from the
R&S FSPN to another device continuously.
Also used to provide OCXO reference signal to another
device.
To provide an external reference signal on the
R&S FSPN.
To provide a 100 MHz reference signal from the
R&S FSPN to another device.
To provide a 640 MHz reference signal from the
R&S FSPN to another device.
SYNC TRIGGER
The SYNC TRIGGER connector can also be used to synchronize the reference frequency on several devices.
3.2.2.11 Labels on R&S FSPN
Labels on the casing inform about:
●
Personal safety, see "Meaning of safety labels" on page 13
●
Product and environment safety, see Table 3-2
●
Identification of the product, see Chapter 3.2.2.12, "Device ID", on page 40
Table 3-2: Labels regarding R&S
Labeling in line with EN 50419 for disposal of electrical and electronic equipment after the product has come to the end of its service life. For more information, see the product user manual,
chapter "Disposal".
3.2.2.12 Device ID
The unique device identifier is provided as a barcode sticker on the rear panel of the
R&S FSPN.
It consists of the device order number and a serial number.
FSPN and environment safety
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Operating the Instrument
The serial number is used to define the default instrument name, which is:
<Type><variant>-<serial_number>
For example, FSPN6-123456.
The instrument name is required to establish a connection to the instrument in a LAN.
3.3 Operating the Instrument
The following topics provide an overview on how to work with the R&S FSPN. They
describe what kind of information is displayed in the diagram area, how to operate the
R&S FSPN via the front panel keys and other interaction methods, and how to use the
Online Help.
● Understanding the Display Information...................................................................41
● Accessing Functions............................................................................................... 50
● Changing the Focus................................................................................................53
● Entering Data.......................................................................................................... 53
● Displaying Results...................................................................................................56
● Remote Control.......................................................................................................63
3.3.1 Understanding the Display Information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram in the Phase Noise application. All
different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
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Operating the Instrument
1 2 3 7 9
1 = Toolbar: contains general functionality of the firmware.
2 = Channel tab: contains measurement channel.
3 = Channel bar: shows measurement settings.
4 = Result display: contains measurement results.
5 = Window title bar: contains diagram-specific (trace) information.
6 = Status bar: contains system messages, progress bar and date and time.
7 = Input field.
8 = Diagram footer: contains diagram-specific information.
9 = Softkeys: provide access to measurement functions.
4 5
6
8
Hiding elements in the display
You can hide some of the elements in the display, for example the status bar or channel bar, in order to enlarge the display area for the measurement results ("Setup > Display > Displayed Items").
For details see the R&S FSPN User Manual.
● Channel Bar............................................................................................................ 43
● Window Title Bar.....................................................................................................44
● Marker Information..................................................................................................45
● Spot Noise Information............................................................................................46
● Measurement Progress Information........................................................................46
● Frequency Information in Diagram Footer.............................................................. 47
● Instrument and Status Information..........................................................................47
● Error Information..................................................................................................... 48
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3.3.1.1 Channel Bar
Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
Using the R&S FSPN you can handle several different measurement tasks (channels)
at the same time (although they can only be performed asynchronously). For each
channel, a separate tab is displayed on the screen. In order to switch from one channel
display to another, simply select the corresponding tab.
Alternatively, if many tabs are displayed, select the tab selection list icon at the right
end of the channel bar and select the channel you want to switch to from the list.
MultiView tab
An additional tab labelled "MultiView" provides an overview of all active channels at a
glance. In the "MultiView" tab, each individual window contains its own channel bar
with an additional button. Tap this button to switch to the corresponding channel display quickly.
Icons in the channel bar
The star icon (
the current instrument settings. This may be the case, for example, if a trace is frozen
and the instrument settings are changed. As soon as a new measurement is performed, the icon disappears.
The exclamation mark ("!" or
that measurement channel. This is particularly useful if the MultiView tab is displayed.
The icon indicates the currently active channel during an automatic measurement
sequence (Sequencer functionality).
Beneath the channel name, information on channel-specific settings for the measurement are displayed in the channel bar. Channel information varies depending on the
active application.
In addition to the channel-specific settings, the channel bar above the diagram also
displays information on instrument settings that affect the measurement results even
though this is not immediately apparent from the display of the measured values. This
information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement.
) on the tab label indicates that the displayed trace no longer matches
) icon indicates that an error or warning is available for
The following table contains all labels that might be displayed in the Spectrum and
Receiver applications.
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Table 3-3: Channel settings displayed in the channel bar
Label Information
Signal Frequency Current carrier frequency of the applied signal.
Signal Level Currently level measured on the carrier frequency.
Att Current RF attenuation.
RBW Current Resolution bandwidth (RBW). The RBW is a function of the start offset
frequency of each half decade included in the measurement.
XCORR Factor Current cross-correlation factor. The cross-correlation factor defines the number
of cross-correlations are done in each half decade included in the measurement.
Meas Time (estimated) Current estimated measurement time.
The measurement time depends, among other things, on the offset frequency,
the resolution bandwidth or the number of averages / cross-correlations that
you have defined.
SGL Current number of measurements performed in a single sweep. Only displayed
if you are in single sweep measurement mode.
Count The current signal count for measurement tasks that involve a specific number
Meas Currently selected measurement
Icons for individual settings
A bullet next to the setting indicates that user-defined settings are used, not automatic
settings. A green bullet indicates this setting is valid and the measurement is correct. A
red bullet indicates an invalid setting that does not provide useful results.
3.3.1.2 Window Title Bar
Each channel in the R&S FSPN display may contain several windows. Each window
can display either a graph or a table as a result of the channel measurement. Which
type of result evaluation is displayed in which window is defined in the display configuration (see Chapter 3.3.5, "Displaying Results", on page 56). The window's title bar
indicates which type of evaluation is displayed.
Trace Information in Window Title Bar
Information on the displayed traces is indicated in the window title bar.
Result type
Trace number
of subsequent sweeps.
Spur removal
Trace color
Trace mode
Trace smoothing
Trace offset
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Trace color Color of trace display in diagram
Trace number Number of the trace (1 to 6)
Trace Mode
Result type
Trace smoothing Trace smoothing characteristics. Only displayed if trace smoothing has been
Spur removal Spur removal characteristics. Only displayed if spur removal has been turned
Trace offset Trace offset characteristics. Only displayed if an offset has been defined for a
3.3.1.3 Marker Information
Abbreviation of the trace mode:
●
Clrw
Clear Write trace
●
Max
Max Hold trace
●
Min
Min Hold trace
●
Avg
Average trace
●
View
Frozen trace
●
WrH
Write Hold trace
Type of result the trace represents.
●
PN
●
AM
●
PN + AM
turned on for a trace.
on for a trace.
trace.
Marker information is provided either in the diagram grid or in separate marker tables,
depending on the configuration.
Marker information in diagram grid
Within the diagram, the x-axis and y-axis positions of the last 2 markers or delta markers that were set are displayed, if available, as well as their index. The value in the
square brackets after the index indicates the trace to which the marker is assigned.
(Example: M2[1] defines marker 2 on trace 1.) For more than 2 markers, a separate
marker table is displayed beneath the diagram by default.
Marker information in marker table
In addition to the marker information displayed within the diagram grid, separate
marker tables may be added to the display. These tables provide the following information for all active markers:
Table 3-4: Regular marker table
Label Information
Wnd Window type the marker is positioned in.
(Only if there is more than one window containing a phase noise diagram.)
Type Marker type: N (normal), D (delta), T (temporary, internal)
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3.3.1.4 Spot Noise Information
Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
Label Information
Ref Reference (for delta markers)
Trc Trace to which the marker is assigned
X-value x-value of the marker
Y-value y-value of the marker
Spot noise information in diagram grid
The diagram contains information about all spot noise positions [T<x>]. Spot noise
information is made up out of the position of the spot noise measurement on the x-axis
and the y-axis. The value in the square brackets after the index indicates the trace to
which the spot noise calculation is assigned (Example: [T1] indicates trace 1). Note
that you can also display spot noise information in a separate table.
Spot noise information in spot noise table
The R&S FSPN also provides a numerical result table for the spot noise measurement.
The spot noise table has to be added deliberately. Note that the spot noise table only
contains information when the calculation of spot noise has been turned on.
Table 3-5: Spot noise information result table
Label Information
Wnd Measurement window that the spot noise has been calculated for.
(Only if there is more than one window containing a phase noise diagram.)
Offset Offset frequency or spot noise position on the x-axis of the Phase Noise dia-
gram.
Noise [T<x>] Measured noise on the spot noise position for each active trace.
3.3.1.5 Measurement Progress Information
The Phase Noise result display shows the progress of the measurement in a series of
green bars at the bottom of the diagram area. For each half decade in the measurement, the R&S FSPN adds a bar that spans the frequency range of the corresponding
half decade.
The bar has several features.
●
Measurement times less than 1 s
The numbers within the green bar indicate the number of cross-correlation operations applied to the corresponding half decade.
●
Measurement times greater than 1 s
The numbers within the green bar show the progress of the cross-correlation operations in the half decade the application currently works on.
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Operating the Instrument
The first number is the current, the second number the total count of cross-correlations for that half decade. The bars of half decades in which a measurement is still
running has a lighter tone of green than bars of half decades in which the measurement has already finished (see image below).
●
A double-click on the bar opens the "Noise Config" dialog box to define the crosscorrelation factor for that half decade.
●
A right-click on the bar opens a context menu.
The context menu provides easy access to various parameters to set up the measurement.
3.3.1.6 Frequency Information in Diagram Footer
Graphical result displays contain information in the diagram footer. The information
(beneath the diagram) depends on the result display.
The contents depend on the application and the result display.
Label Information
Start offset Start offset frequency
Stop offset Stop offset frequency
3.3.1.7 Instrument and Status Information
Global instrument settings and functions, the instrument status and any irregularities
are indicated in the status bar beneath the diagram.
In the MultiView tab the status bar always displays the information for the currently
selected measurement.
The following information is displayed:
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Operating the Instrument
Instrument status
The state of the DC Power features.
●
white label = DC Power has been turned off
●
green label = DC Power has been turned on and is within the defined limits
●
red label = DC Power has been turned on and violates the defined limits
The R&S FSPN is configured for operation with an external reference.
Progress
The status of the current operation is displayed in the status bar. This includes the
remaining measurement time for measurements that last longer than 1 second.
Display of the remaining measurement time is supported by the following measurements:
●
Phase noise
●
Baseband noise
In the MultiView tab, the progress bar indicates the status of the currently selected
measurement, not the measurement currently being performed by a Sequencer, for
example.
Date and time
The date and time settings of the instrument are displayed in the status bar.
Error messages and warnings
If errors or irregularities are detected, a keyword and an error message, if available,
are displayed in the status bar.
3.3.1.8 Error Information
If errors or irregularities are detected, a keyword and an error message, if available,
are displayed in the status bar.
Depending on the type of message, the status message is indicated in varying colors.
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Operating the Instrument
Table 3-6: Status bar information - color coding
Color Type Description
red Error An error occurred at the start or during a measurement, e.g. due to missing
data or wrong settings, so that the measurement cannot be started or completed correctly.
orange Warning An irregular situation occurred during measurement, e.g. the settings no lon-
ger match the displayed results, or the connection to an external device was
interrupted temporarily.
gray Information Information on the status of individual processing steps.
no color No errors No message displayed - normal operation.
green Measurement
successful
Some applications visualize that the measurement was successfull by showing a messsage.
If any error information is available for a measurement channel, an exclamation mark is
displayed next to the channel name ( ). This is particularly useful when the MultiView
tab is displayed, as the status bar in the MultiView tab always displays the information
for the currently selected measurement only.
Furthermore, a status bit is set in the STATus:QUEStionable:EXTended:INFO register for the application concerned (see "STATus:QUEStionable:EXTended:INFO Reg-
ister" on page 270). Messages of a specific type can be queried using the
SYST:ERR:EXT? command, see SYSTem:ERRor:EXTended? on page 505.
Table 3-7: Keywords in the status bar
Message Meaning
IF OVLD Overload of the IF signal path in the A/D converter or in the digital IF.
Increase attenuation or remove the signal from the RF input.
LOUNL Error in the instrument's frequency processing hardware was detected.
NO REF Instrument was set to an external reference but no signal was detected on the refer-
ence input.
OVEN The OCXO reference frequency has not yet reached its operating temperature. The
message usually disappears a few minutes after power has been switched on.
RF OVLD Overload of the input mixer or of the analog IF path.
Reduce the input level.
UNCAL One of the following conditions applies:
WRONG_FW The firmware version is out-of-date and does not support the currently installed hard-
●
Correction data has been switched off.
●
No correction values are available, for example after a firmware update.
●
Record the correction data by performing a self alignment
ware. Until the firmware version is updated, this error message is displayed and selfalignment fails.
(For details refer to the R&S FSPN User Manual).
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3.3.2 Accessing Functions
Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
All tasks necessary to operate the instrument can be performed using the user interface. Apart from instrument specific keys, all other keys that correspond to an external
keyboard (for example arrow keys, [Enter] key) operate conform to Microsoft.
For most tasks, there are at least 2 alternative methods to perform them:
●
Using the touchscreen
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, for example the keypad, rotary
knob, or arrow and position keys.
The measurement and instrument functions and settings can be accessed by selecting
one of the following elements:
●
System and function keys on the front panel of the instrument
●
Softkeys on the touchscreen
●
Context menus for specific elements on the touchscreen
●
Icons on the tool bar in the touchscreen
●
Displayed setting on the touchscreen
● Toolbar.................................................................................................................... 50
● Softkeys.................................................................................................................. 51
● Context Menus........................................................................................................52
● On-screen Keyboard...............................................................................................52
3.3.2.1 Toolbar
The icons in the toolbar provide access to general functions.
You can hide the toolbar display, for example when using remote control, in order to
enlarge the display area for the measurement results ("Setup > Display > Displayed
Items"). See the R&S FSPN User Manual for details.
Windows: opens the Windows "Start" menu and task bar.
Open: opens a file from the instrument or an external device ("Save/Recall" menu).
Store: stores data on the instrument or an external device ("Save/Recall" menu).
Print: defines print settings ("Print" menu).
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Operating the Instrument
Undo: reverts last operation
Redo: repeats previously reverted operation
Select: the cursor can be used to select (and move) elements in the display (markers, lines etc.).
Zoom mode: displays a dotted rectangle in the diagram that can be expanded to
define the zoom area.
Multiple zoom mode: multiple zoom areas can be defined for the same diagram.
Zoom off: displays the diagram in its original size.
SmartGrid: activates "SmartGrid" mode to configure the screen layout.
Sequencer: opens the "Sequencer" menu to perform consecutive measurements.
DC Power: turns the DC power output on and off.
DC Configuration: provides quick access to configure the main parameters for DC
power supply.
Help (+ Select): allows you to select an element for which context-specific help is displayed.
Help: displays context-sensitive help topic for currently selected element.
Print immediately: prints the current display (screenshot) as configured.
In "SmartGrid" mode only:
3.3.2.2 Softkeys
Softkeys are virtual keys provided by the software. Thus, more functions can be provided than those that can be accessed directly via the function keys on the instrument.
Close: Exit "SmartGrid" mode.
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Softkeys are dynamic: depending on the selected function key, a different list of softkeys is displayed on the right side of the screen.
A list of softkeys for a certain function key is also called a menu. Softkeys can either
perform a specific function or open a dialog box.
Recognizing the softkey status by color
Color Meaning
orange associated dialog box is open
blue associated function is active; for toggle keys: currently active state
gray instrument function is temporarily not available due to a specific setting or missing option
You can hide the softkey display, e.g. when using remote control, in order to enlarge
the display area for the measurement results ("Setup > Display > Displayed Items").
See the User Manual for details.
3.3.2.3 Context Menus
Several items in the diagram area have context menus (for example markers, traces or
the channel bar). If you right-click on one of these items (or tap it for about 1 second), a
menu is displayed which contains the same functions as the corresponding softkey.
This is useful, for example, when the softkey display is hidden.
3.3.2.4 On-screen Keyboard
The on-screen keyboard is an additional means of interacting with the instrument without having to connect an external keyboard.
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Operating the Instrument
The on-screen keyboard display can be switched on and off as desired using the "OnScreen Keyboard" function key beneath the screen.
When you press this key, the display switches between the following options:
●
Keyboard displayed at the top of the screen
●
Keyboard displayed at the bottom of the screen
●
No keyboard displayed
You can use the TAB key on the on-screen keyboard to move the focus from one field
to another in dialog boxes.
3.3.3 Changing the Focus
Any selected function is always performed on the currently focused element in the display, e.g. a dialog field, diagram, or table row. Which element is focused is indicated by
a blue frame (diagram, window, table) or is otherwise highlighted (softkey, marker etc.).
Moving the focus is most easily done by tapping on the element on the touchscreen.
Alternatively, use the "Tab" key on the on-screen keyboard or the rotary knob to move
the focus from one element to the next on the display.
To move the focus between any displayed diagrams or tables in a window, press the
"Change focus" key on the front panel. The focus moves from the diagram to the first
table to the next table etc. and then back to the diagram, within the same window.
In fullscreen mode, where a single window is displayed in full size on the screen, this
key switches the focus (and the display) from one active window to the next.
3.3.4 Entering Data
You can enter data in dialog boxes using any of the following methods:
●
Using the touchscreen, via the on-screen keyboard
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, e.g. the keypad, rotary knob, or
navigation keys
The rotary knob acts like the [ENTER] key when it is pressed.
●
Using a connected external keyboard
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Transparent dialog boxes
You can change the transparency of the dialog boxes to see the results in the windows
behind the dialog box. Thus, you can see the effects that the changes you make to the
settings have on the results immediately.
To change the transparency, select the transparency icon at the top of the dialog box.
A slider is displayed. To hide the slider, select the transparency icon again.
(The title bar of the dialog box is always slightly transparent and is not affected by the
slider.)
Particularities in Windows dialog boxes
In some cases, e.g. if you want to install a printer, original Windows dialog boxes are
used. In these dialog boxes, the rotary knob and function keys do not work. Use the
touchscreen instead.
3.3.4.1 Entering Numeric Parameters
If a field requires numeric input, the keypad provides only numbers.
1. Enter the parameter value using the keypad, or change the currently used parame-
ter value by using the rotary knob (small steps) or the [UP] or [DOWN] keys (large
steps).
2. After entering the numeric value via keypad, press the corresponding unit key.
The unit is added to the entry.
3. If the parameter does not require a unit, confirm the entered value by pressing the
[ENTER] key or any of the unit keys.
The editing line is highlighted to confirm the entry.
3.3.4.2 Entering Alphanumeric Parameters
If a field requires alphanumeric input, you can use the on-screen keyboard to enter
numbers and (special) characters (see Chapter 3.3.2.4, "On-screen Keyboard",
on page 52).
Alternatively, you can use the keypad. Every alphanumeric key represents several
characters and one number. The decimal point key (.) represents special characters,
and the sign key (-) toggles between capital and small letters. For the assignment,
refer to Table 3-8.
You can change the default behavior of the keypad for text input. This is useful if you
frequently enter numeric values in text fields, for example to define file names consisting of numbers.
For details, see "Number block behavior" on page 236.
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Operating the Instrument
To enter numbers and (special) characters via the keypad
1. Press the key once to enter the first possible value.
2. All characters available via this key are displayed.
3. To choose another value provided by this key, press the key again, until your
desired value is displayed.
4. With every key stroke, the next possible value of this key is displayed. If all possi-
ble values have been displayed, the series starts with the first value again. For
information on the series, refer to Table 3-8.
5. To change from capital to small letters and vice versa, press the sign key (-).
6. When you have chosen the desired value, wait for 2 seconds (to use the same key
again), or start the next entry by pressing another key.
To enter a blank
► Press the "Space" bar, or press the "0" key and wait 2 seconds.
To correct an entry
1. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor to the right of the entry you want to delete.
2. Press the [BACKSPACE] key.
The entry to the left of the cursor is deleted.
3. Enter your correction.
To complete the entry
► Press the [ENTER] key or the rotary knob.
To abort the entry
► Press the [ESC] key.
The dialog box is closed without changing the settings.
Table 3-8: Keys for alphanumeric parameters
Key name
(upper inscription)
7 7 µ Ω ° € ¥ $ ¢
Series of (special) characters and number provided
8 A B C 8 Ä ÆÅ Ç
9 D E F 9 É
4 G H I 4
5 J K L 5
6 M N O 6 Ň Ö
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Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
Key name
(upper inscription)
1 P Q R S 1
2 T U V 2 Ü
3 W X Y Z 3
0 <blank> 0 – @ + / \ < > = % &
. . * : _ , ; " ' ? ( ) #
– <toggles between capital and small letters>
Series of (special) characters and number provided
3.3.5 Displaying Results
The results of a measurement channel can be evaluated in many different ways, both
graphically and numerically. For each evaluation method the results are displayed in a
separate window in the tab.
The R&S FSPN allows you to configure the display to suit your specific requirements
and optimize analysis.
3.3.5.1 Activating and Deactivating Channels
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application. Whenever you switch channels, the corresponding measurement settings
are restored. Each channel is displayed in a separate tab on the screen.
An additional tab ("MultiView") provides an overview of all currently active channels at
once.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
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Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
To start a new channel
1. Select the [Mode] key.
2. In the "Mode" dialog box, select the required application on the "New Channel" tab.
A new tab is displayed for the new channel.
Remote command:
INSTrument:CREate[:NEW] on page 317/ INSTrument:CREate:DUPLicate
on page 317
To change the application in an active channel
1. Select the tab of the channel you want to change.
2. Select the [Mode] key.
3. In the "Mode" dialog box, select the new application to be displayed on the
"Replace Current Channel" tab.
The selected application is displayed in the current channel.
Remote command:
INSTrument:CREate:REPLace on page 317
To close a measurement channel
►
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3.3.5.2 Laying out the Result Display with the SmartGrid
Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
Select the "Close" icon on the tab of the measurement channel.
The tab is closed, any running measurements are aborted, and all results for that
channel are deleted.
Remote command:
INSTrument:DELete on page 318
Measurement results can be evaluated in many different ways, for example graphically,
as summary tables, statistical evaluations etc. Each type of evaluation is displayed in a
separate window in the channel tab. Up to 16 individual windows can be displayed per
channel (i.e. per tab). To arrange the diagrams and tables on the screen, the Rohde &
Schwarz SmartGrid function helps you find the target position simply and quickly.
Principally, the layout of the windows on the screen is based on an underlying grid, the
SmartGrid. However, the SmartGrid is dynamic and flexible, allowing for many different
layout possibilities. The SmartGrid functionality provides the following basic features:
●
Windows can be arranged in columns or in rows, or in a combination of both.
●
Windows can be arranged in up to four rows and four columns.
●
Windows are moved simply by dragging them to a new position on the screen, possibly changing the layout of the other windows, as well.
●
All evaluation methods available for the currently selected measurement are displayed as icons in the evaluation bar. If the evaluation bar contains more icons
than can be displayed at once on the screen, it can be scrolled vertically. The same
evaluation method can be displayed in multiple windows simultaneously.
●
New windows are added by dragging an evaluation icon from the evaluation bar to
the screen. The position of each new window depends on where you drop the evaluation icon in relation to the existing windows.
●
All display configuration actions are only possible in SmartGrid mode. When SmartGrid mode is activated, the evaluation bar replaces the current softkey menu display. When the SmartGrid mode is deactivated again, the previous softkey menu
display is restored.
● Background Information: The SmartGrid Principle..................................................58
● How to Activate SmartGrid Mode............................................................................60
● How to Add a New Result Window......................................................................... 60
● How to Close a Result Window...............................................................................61
● How to Arrange the Result Windows...................................................................... 61
Background Information: The SmartGrid Principle
SmartGrid display
During any positioning action, the underlying SmartGrid is displayed. Different colors
and frames indicate the possible new positions. The position in the SmartGrid where
you drop the window determines its position on the screen.
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Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
Figure 3-3: Moving a window in SmartGrid mode
The brown area indicates the possible "drop area" for the window, i.e. the area in which
the window can be placed. A blue area indicates the (approximate) layout of the window as it would be if the icon were dropped at the current position. The frames indicate
the possible destinations of the new window with respect to the existing windows:
above/below, right/left or replacement (as illustrated in Figure 3-4). If an existing window would be replaced, the drop area is highlighted in a darker color shade.
Positioning the window
The screen can be divided into up to four rows. Each row can be split into up to four
columns, where each row can have a different number of columns. However, rows
always span the entire width of the screen and may not be interrupted by a column. A
single row is available as the drop area for the window in the SmartGrid. The row can
be split into columns, or a new row can be inserted above or below the existing row (if
the maximum of 4 has not yet been reached).
1
A
B
2 223 3
C
Figure 3-4: SmartGrid window positions
1
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Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
1 = Insert row above or below the existing row
2 = Create a new column in the existing row
3 = Replace a window in the existing row
SmartGrid functions
Once the evaluation icon has been dropped, icons in each window provide delete and
move functions.
The "Move" icon allows you to move the position of the window, possibly changing the
size and position of the other displayed windows.
The "Delete" icon allows you to close the window, enlarging the display of the remaining windows.
How to Activate SmartGrid Mode
All display configuration actions are only possible in SmartGrid mode. In SmartGrid
mode the evaluation bar replaces the current softkey menu display. When the SmartGrid mode is deactivated again, the previous softkey menu display is restored.
► To activate SmartGrid mode, do one of the following:
●
Select the "SmartGrid" icon from the toolbar.
● Select the "Display Config" button in the configuration "Overview" .
● Select the "Display Config" softkey from the [Meas Config] menu.
The SmartGrid functions and the evaluation bar are displayed.
To close the SmartGrid mode and restore the previous softkey menu select the "Close"
icon in the right-hand corner of the toolbar, or press any key.
How to Add a New Result Window
Each type of evaluation is displayed in a separate window. Up to 16 individual windows
can be displayed per channel (i.e. per tab).
1. Activate SmartGrid mode.
All evaluation methods available for the currently selected measurement are displayed as icons in the evaluation bar.
2. Select the icon for the required evaluation method from the evaluation bar.
3. Drag the required icon from the evaluation bar to the SmartGrid, which is displayed
in the diagram area, and drop it at the required position. (See "How to Arrange the
Result Windows" on page 61 for more information on positioning the window).
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Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
Remote command:
LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 404 / LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD? on page 408
How to Close a Result Window
► To close a window, activate SmartGrid mode and select the "Delete" icon for the
window.
Remote command:
LAYout:REMove[:WINDow] on page 406 / LAYout:WINDow<n>:REMove
on page 409
How to Arrange the Result Windows
1. Select an icon from the evaluation bar or the "Move" icon for an existing evaluation
window.
2. Drag the evaluation over the SmartGrid.
A blue area shows where the window will be placed.
3. Move the window until a suitable area is indicated in blue.
4. Drop the window in the target area.
The windows are rearranged to the selected layout, and "Delete" and "Move" icons
are displayed in each window.
5. To close a window, select the corresponding "Delete" icon.
Remote command:
LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] on page 406 / LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace
on page 409
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3.3.5.3 Changing the Size of Windows
Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
Each channel tab may contain several windows to evaluate the measurement results
using different methods. A "splitter" allows you to change the size of neighboring windows.
The splitters are not available in SmartGrid mode.
► To change the size of two neighboring windows, drag the splitter between the win-
dows in either direction.
3.3.5.4 Switching Between a Split and Maximized Window Display
To get an overview of the results, displaying several windows at the same time may be
helpful. However, the individual windows may become rather small. In this case it is
useful to maximize an individual window to the entire screen temporarily in order to
analyze the results in more detail.
To switch between a split and a maximized display without having to close and re-open
windows, press the [SPLIT/MAXIMIZE] key on the front panel. In maximized display,
the currently focused window is maximized. In split display, all active windows are displayed.
Alternatively, double-tap the title bar of a window to maximize it.
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3.3.5.5 Changing the Display
3.3.6 Remote Control
Getting Started
Operating the Instrument
●
Displaying a simulation of the entire front panel of the instrument on the screen
("Front Panel")
●
Displaying the main function hardkeys in a separate window on the screen ("Mini
Front Panel")
●
Hiding or showing various screen elements
●
Selecting a display theme and colors
●
Changing the display update rate
●
Activating or deactivating the touch-sensitivity of the screen
●
Zooming into the diagram
In addition to working with the R&S FSPN interactively, located directly at the instrument, it is also possible to operate and control it from a remote PC. Various methods
for remote control are supported:
●
Connecting the instrument to a (LAN) network
(See the R&S FSPN user manual.)
●
Using the Windows Remote Desktop application in a LAN network
●
Connecting a PC via the GPIB interface
How to configure the remote control interfaces is described in the User Manual.
The R&S FSPN is delivered with IECWIN installed, the auxiliary remote control tool
provided free of charge by Rohde & Schwarz.
For details on the IECWIN tool, see the "Network and Remote Control" chapter of the
R&S FSPN User Manual.
3.3.6.1 Remote Desktop Connection
Remote Desktop is a Windows application which can be used to access and control
the instrument from a remote computer through a LAN connection. While the instrument is in operation, the instrument screen contents are displayed on the remote computer. Remote Desktop provides access to all of the applications, files, and network
resources of the instrument. Thus, remote operation of the instrument is possible.
The Remote Desktop Client is part of the installed Windows operating system. For
other versions of Windows, Microsoft offers the Remote Desktop Client as an add-on.
3.3.6.2 Connecting a PC via the GPIB Interface
You can connect a PC to the R&S FSPN via the GPIB interface to send remote commands to control and operate the instrument. You can configure the GPIB address and
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the ID response string. The GPIB language is set as SCPI by default but can be
changed to emulate other instruments.
A GPIB interface is integrated on the rear panel of the instrument.
3.4 Trying Out the Instrument
Overview of tutorials
Initial setup:
●
"Preparing the R&S FSPN" on page 65
●
"Selecting the phase noise application" on page 65
●
"Performing a preset" on page 66
Measurement selection
●
"Selecting a measurement" on page 66
Getting Started
Trying Out the Instrument
The phase noise measurement
●
"Measuring phase noise" on page 67
●
"Measuring amplitude noise" on page 67
●
"Measuring spurs" on page 68
●
"Measuring spot noise" on page 68
●
"Measuring integrated noise" on page 68
The baseband noise measurement
●
"How to measure baseband noise at the RF input" on page 69
●
"How to measure baseband noise at the baseband input" on page 69
Trace smoothing
●
"How to smooth the trace by averaging the measurement data" on page 70
●
"How to smooth the trace by adjusting the number of XCORR operations"
on page 71
●
"How to smooth the trace graphically" on page 71
●
"How to remove spurs from a trace" on page 72
Integration ranges
●
"How to define integration ranges" on page 72
●
"How to correct integrated measurements" on page 73
The cross-correlation gain indicator
●
"How to control the cross-correlation gain indicator (gray area)" on page 74
Miscellaneous evaluation tools
●
"Zooming into the results" on page 75
●
"Labeling traces" on page 75
●
"Exporting measurement data" on page 75
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3.4.1 Initial Setup
Getting Started
Trying Out the Instrument
Frequency configuration
●
"How to define the measurement range" on page 76
●
"How to search for signals" on page 76
●
"How to define the capture range for the signal search" on page 77
●
"How to define a carrier frequency manually" on page 77
The half decade configuration table
●
"How to work with the half decade configuration table" on page 77
DUT power supply
●
"How to supply DUTs with current or voltage" on page 78
● Initial Setup............................................................................................................. 65
● Measurements........................................................................................................ 66
● Result Evaluation.................................................................................................... 70
● Measurement Configuration....................................................................................76
Preparing the R&S FSPN
1. Connect the R&S FSPN to an electrical outlet as described in Chapter 3.1.5, "Con-
necting the AC Power", on page 19.
2. Turn on the R&S FSPN as described in Chapter 3.1.6, "Switching the Instrument
On and Off", on page 20.
Selecting the phase noise application
1. Select the [MODE] key.
2. Select the "Phase Noise" item in the "Mode" dialog box.
There's more than one way to skin a cat
In most cases, the firmware of the R&S FSPN provides several ways to change measurement parameters. For example, the measurement range can be defined via the
[FREQ] key, the "MEAS CONFIG" key or the "Overview" dialog box.
All procedures in this chapter use the "Overview" dialog box as a starting point (when
possible). You can reach this dialog via the "Overview" softkey displayed at the bottom
of the softkey bar on the right side of the diagram area.
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3.4.2 Measurements
Getting Started
Trying Out the Instrument
Performing a preset
Before configuring and starting a new measurement, it is always recommended to perform a preset and restore the default configuration of the instrument or the measurement application.
1. Select the [PRESET] key on the front panel to restore the default state of the
R&S FSPN.
2. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and select the "Preset Channel" item to restore the
default state of the selected measurement channel. All other measurement channels keep their custom configuration.
Measuring the phase noise characteristics of a DUT requires a simple measurement
setup consisting of the R&S FSPN and a DUT.
● Measurement Selection.......................................................................................... 66
● Phase Noise Measurement.....................................................................................66
● Baseband Noise Measurement...............................................................................69
● Adding Another Measurement Channel..................................................................70
3.4.2.1 Measurement Selection
Selecting a measurement
► Select the [MEAS] key.
The R&S FSPN opens a dialog box to select the measurement.
3.4.2.2 Phase Noise Measurement
Test setup
Connect the DUT via cable to the RF input of the R&S FSPN as shown in the illustration.
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Trying Out the Instrument
required connections
optional connections
DUT
Figure 3-5: Typical test setup for basic noise measurements
R&S FSPN
V
supply
V
tune
V
aux
RF
Measuring phase noise
1. Perform a [PRESET].
The application automatically starts a continuous measurement.
First, it searches for a carrier signal (see How to search for signals). When one has
been found, it measures the noise characteristics of the DUT in the default measurement (or frequency offset) range.
If no carrier could be found, a corresponding error message is displayed in the status bar below the diagram.
2. You can stop the measurement (to analyze the measurement data in detail) with
the [RUN SGL] or [RUN CONT] key; [RUN SGL] performs one more measurement,
then stops, [RUN CONT] stops immediately.
By default, two traces are displayed: the first trace shows the smoothed data without spurs, the second trace the raw data including spurs.
Measuring amplitude noise
The test setup is the same as shown above.
The default phase noise trace shows the phase noise characteristics of the DUT. In
addition, you can also display the amplitude noise characteristics (or both together).
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and, from there, enter the "Analysis" dialog box.
2. Select the vertical "Trace" tab, and then the horizontal "Traces" tab.
3. For any trace, select "AM Noise" from the "Result" dropdown menu.
4. Start a new measurement to determine the AM noise of the DUT.
(The "Phase + AM Noise" menu item displays the sum of phase and amplitude
noise.)
Tip: If you'd like to view both results separately at the same time, open two phase
noise diagrams, one that shows the phase noise, the other showing the AM noise
and perform a measurement.
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In addition to the graphical representation of the phase noise characteristics, the application also provides several tables that show specific phase noise characteristics.
Measuring spurs
In addition to the graphical display of spurs in the diagram (spikes on the trace), the
application also features a result display that contains a list of all detected spurs.
►
Open the SmartGrid ( ) and drag the "Spurious List" item from the evaluation bar
into the display.
The spurious list contains all detected spurs (including their characteristics) on all
traces and all windows.
More information:
● "Spurious List" on page 90
● Spur removal
Measuring spot noise
Spot noise is the phase noise or AM noise at a specific offset frequency (for example
the phase noise at 500 kHz).
►
Open the SmartGrid (
into the display.
The table contains a list of spot noise values for selected frequency offsets (in the
default state, these are the decade edges) on each active trace.
More information:
● "Spot Noise" on page 91
Tip: You can define custom spot noise frequencies in the "Spot Noise" tab of the
"Noise Config" dialog box.
Measuring integrated noise
Integrated measurements show various noise characteristics, like the residual noise,
integrated over a certain offset frequency range.
►
Open the SmartGrid (
evaluation bar into the display.
) and drag the "Spot Noise" item from the evaluation bar
) and drag the "Integrated Measurements" item from the
The table contains a list of integrated measurement results.
More information:
● "Integrated Measurements" on page 89
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3.4.2.3 Baseband Noise Measurement
Getting Started
Trying Out the Instrument
Tip: You can define custom integration ranges in the "Integration Ranges" tab of
the "Noise Config" dialog box.
Baseband Noise measurements measure the noise characteristics of a DUT over an
absolute frequency span (not relative to carrier).
You can use either the RF input for these measurements, or the baseband input. The
baseband input is DC coupled and extend the lower frequency range to 1 mHz (the
lowest supported frequency on the RF input is 1 MHz). Using the baseband input, you
can, for example, test the voltage supply of DC sources.
Test setup
required connections
optional connections
DUT
*
= See text below for instructions on how to use the baseband input.
R&S FSPN
V
supply
V
tune
V
aux
RF / BB*
How to measure baseband noise at the RF input
For baseband noise measurements on the RF input, proceed as follows.
1. Connect the DUT to the RF input.
2. Perform a [PRESET].
The application automatically starts a continuous measurement and measures the
noise characteristics of the DUT in the default frequency range.
3. Select the "Baseband Noise" measurement via the [MEAS] key.
4. You can stop the measurement (to analyze the measurement data in detail) with
the [RUN SGL] or [RUN CONT] key; [RUN SGL] performs one more measurement,
then stops, [RUN CONT] stops immediately.
By default, two traces are displayed: the first trace shows the smoothed data without spurs, the second trace the raw data including spurs.
Tip: Integrated measurement results. Note that the "PM", "FM" and "Jitter" results
are always "0" for baseband noise measurements.
How to measure baseband noise at the baseband input
For baseband noise measurements on the baseband input, proceed as follows.
1. Connect the DUT to the baseband input.
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3.4.2.4 Adding Another Measurement Channel
Getting Started
Trying Out the Instrument
2. Perform a [PRESET].
3. Select the "Baseband Noise" measurement via the [MEAS] key.
4. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Input" dialog box.
5. Select the vertical "Baseband" tab.
6. Turn on the baseband input.
The application automatically starts a continuous measurement and measures the
noise characteristics of the DUT in the default frequency range.
Measuring the noise characteristics in two different measurement channels allows you,
for example, to capture and analyze two different data streams with different measurement configurations.
Adding another measurement channel
1. Select the [MODE] key.
2. Select the "Phase Noise" item in the "Mode" dialog box.
The firmware adds a second instance of the phase noise application which is independent of the first one.
3.4.3 Result Evaluation
The phase noise application provides several tools to control the data displayed in the
various result displays. Some tools have an effect on the graphical result displays,
other on the numerical results and still others on both graphical and numerical (for
example in case the numerical results are based on the graphical results).
● Trace Smoothing.....................................................................................................70
● Integration Ranges..................................................................................................72
● Cross-Correlation Gain Indicator.............................................................................74
● Miscellaneous Evaluation Tools.............................................................................. 75
3.4.3.1 Trace Smoothing
How to smooth the trace by averaging the measurement data
When you average the trace, the application measures the data several times and
builds an average over all measurements when it is done. Averaging measurement
data yields a smoother trace.
Trace averaging is applied to all traces.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog
box.
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Trying Out the Instrument
2. Define the number of measurements to be performed in the "Sweep / Average
Count" input field, for example "10".
3. Start the measurement.
● In case of a single measurement, the application performs x measurements
over the frequency range you have defined. An average count of "10", for
example, would result in 10 measurements.
● In case of continuous measurements, the application performs a moving average over the average count.
How to smooth the trace by adjusting the number of XCORR operations
When you apply cross-correlation operations, the application is able to determine the
phase noise characteristics at a certain frequency offset more precisely.
The number of cross-correlation operations applied in each half decade depends on a
cross-correlation factor that you can define arbitrarily.
Cross-correlation operations are applied to all traces.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog
box.
2. Define the cross-correlation factor as required in the "XCORR Factor" input field.
The application calculates the number of cross-correlations for each half decade
based on this factor. You can see the resulting operations in the table of the "Noise
Config" dialog box.
The number of operations calculated for each half decade targets a similar measurement time for all half decades, so that the measurement is done at roughly the
same time in each half decade.
You can also see the resulting number of operations in the green bar at the bottom
of the diagram area.
More information:
● Cross-correlation
How to smooth the trace graphically
When you apply trace smoothing, the existing data remains the same. The trace is
smoothed by applying mathematical operations
Trace smoothing is applied to each trace individually.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Analysis" dialog box.
2. Select the vertical "Trace" tab, and then the horizontal "Traces" tab.
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3. For any trace, turn on "Smoothing" and define the amount by which the trace
should be smoothed (in %) in the corresponding input field.
Trace smoothing is applied immediately after you have applied it to a trace.
More information:
● Trace smoothing
How to remove spurs from a trace
By default, the application already shows a trace without spurs (the yellow one). However, you can decide for each trace individually whether it shows spurs or not.
Spur removal is done after traces have been smoothed in any way.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Analysis" dialog box.
2. Select the vertical "Trace" tab, and then the horizontal "Traces" tab.
3. For any trace, remove or display spurs individually. You can also enter a threshold
that defines a level from which a spur is recognized as a spur.
The application removes all signals that are above the threshold from the trace
spur removal is applied to. Signals with levels below the threshold are not regarded
as spurs and are still displayed.
More information:
● Spur removal
Note: Note that the threshold is always taken into account in the spur table,
regardless of whether spur removal is on or off.
3.4.3.2 Integration Ranges
How to define integration ranges
For the integrated measurements (residual AM, FM and PM and jitter), you can define
custom integration ranges.
By default, the integration range corresponds to the measurement range defined by the
frequency offsets. Custom integration ranges can have any range you desire.
Integration is done after traces have been smoothed in any way.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and, from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog
box.
2. Select the "Integrated Measurements" tab.
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3. Select the "Trace" whose data you would like to integrate from the "Show "dropdown menu.
Tip: If you select a trace that is currently not displayed in the diagram, no integrated measurement results will be displayed for the corresponding range.
4. Select "Manual" integration ranges.
5. Define the frequency ranges ("Range Start" and "Range Stop") over which you
would like to integrate.
The application calculates the measurement results as defined. Result in the integrated measurements result table are adjusted accordingly (see "Measuring inte-
grated noise" on page 68 for a description on how to view that table).
Figure 3-6: Custom integration range results (frequency range from 3 kHz to 500 kHz, applied to
trace 2)
Note that the integration ranges are displayed graphically in the noise diagram.
Figure 3-7: Custom integration ranges are represented in the diagram as colored lines
More information: Residual effects
How to correct integrated measurements
You can use so called weighting filters to compensate external effects that affect the
phase noise in certain frequency ranges.
Weighting filters are applied before trace are smoothed and before integration is
applied.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog
box.
2. Select the "Integrated Measurements" tab.
3. Select a weighting filter from the corresponding dropdown menu.
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3.4.3.3 Cross-Correlation Gain Indicator
Getting Started
Trying Out the Instrument
The dropdown menu contains all filters currently available on the hard disk of the
R&S FSPN.
When you apply the weighting filter, the results are automatically corrected by the
filter characteristics.
If you do not have a filter yet, or want to change filter characteristics for an existing
filter, design one or change one.
More information:
● Weighting filter design
● Weighting filter management
How to control the cross-correlation gain indicator (gray area)
The gray trace, or cross-correlation gain indicator, indicates the ideal position of the
measurement trace for the current number of cross-correlation operations. Thus, the
position of this area depends on the number of cross-correlations that are currently
applied in each half decade.
This in turn indicates that measurement traces that are close to the gray area (even if
only in places) can be improved by increasing the cross-correlation operations. On the
other hand, when the measurement trace lies above the gray area throughout (about
10 dB), it is not possible to improve the results any more.
More information: XCORR gain indicator
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog
box.
2. Select the "Noise Config" tab.
3. Change the "XCORR Factor", run a single measurement, and see how the position
of the gray area changes.
Figure 3-8: Increasing XCORR operations changes shape of gray area
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3.4.3.4 Miscellaneous Evaluation Tools
Getting Started
Trying Out the Instrument
4. If required, you can turn this area on and off as required with the "XCORR Gain
Indicator" feature.
Zooming into the results
The zoom tool is useful if you want to see parts of the results in more detail.
1.
Select the "Zoom" icon in the toolbar (
2. In the diagram, select the area you want to zoom in to (while doing this, the area is
marked by a dotted line).
3. You can return to the full display any time with the "Unzoom" icon in the toolbar
( ).
Labeling traces
Labeling traces with a short keyword is a good way to distinguish traces and see
immediately what the trace actually represents.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and, from there, enter the "Analysis" dialog box.
2. Select the vertical "Traces" tab and the horizontal "Trace Label" tab.
3. Turn on the trace label for a certain trace and define a string of text as a label.
The application adds a label to the trace. The color of the label is the same as the
trace color.
Tip: You can move trace labels around via drag and drop.
Exporting measurement data
Exporting measurement data to a .dat file allows you to archive that data in external
programs like a spreadsheet.
).
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and, from there, enter the "Analysis" dialog box.
2. Select the vertical "Traces" tab and the horizontal "Trace / Data Export" tab.
3. Select the data types as required (trace data only or together with numerical results
and / or measurement settings).
4. Select the "Export to ASCII File" button and select the destination where you want
to save that data.
5. View the .dat file that has been created with your preferred program.
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3.4.4 Measurement Configuration
3.4.4.1 Frequency Configuration
Getting Started
Trying Out the Instrument
The Phase Noise application provides several tools that make the measurement process easier to handle or allow you to customize the measurement configuration according to your needs.
● Frequency Configuration.........................................................................................76
● Half Decade Configuration Table............................................................................ 77
● DUT Power Supply..................................................................................................78
How to define the measurement range
The measurement range defines the carrier frequency offset over which the phase
noise measurement takes place.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog
box.
2. Select the "Noise Config" tab.
3. Define the measurement range with the "Start Offset" and "Stop Offset" properties.
The application adjusts the measurement range. You can see this change, for
example, in the noise diagram result display.
Note: In case of baseband measurements, the measurement range is defined by
an absolute start and stop frequency instead of offsets.
More information:
● Measurement range
How to search for signals
The application allows you to search for a carrier signal, instead of defining the carrier
frequency manually.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Frequency" dialog box.
2. Turn on the "Auto Search" feature (it is on by default).
3. Define the frequency range in which the search should take place ("Start" and
"Stop"). By default the search is done in the maximum frequency range supported
by the hardware.
4. Define a "Threshold" for the search. Signals below the threshold are ignored during
the search.
When the application finds a signal with appropriate characteristics, it starts a
phase noise measurement in the measurement range you have defined.
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Getting Started
Trying Out the Instrument
Note: Automatic signal search is only available in phase noise measurements.
How to define the capture range for the signal search
The capture range represents the frequency bandwidth with which a signal is
searched, and, if found, tracked.
A normal capture range is recommended for measurements on stable (or slowly drifting) DUTs. A wide capture range is recommended for DUTs whose frequency drifts
over greater distances. In the latter case, a normal capture range would probably result
in a scenario, where the signal drifts out of the capture range, and has to be searched
again (which would slow down the measurement considerably).
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Frequency" dialog box.
2. Select an appropriate "Capture Range" for your DUT.
Note: This feature is only available in phase noise measurements.
How to define a carrier frequency manually
When you already know the frequency of the carrier signal, you can define it manually
and reduce the measurement time.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Frequency" dialog box.
2. Turn off the "Auto Search" feature.
3. Define the "Signal Frequency".
The application performs the measurement on the defined frequency.
3.4.4.2 Half Decade Configuration Table
How to work with the half decade configuration table
The half decade configuration table contains the measurement configuration for each
half decade that is analyzed during a measurement.
You can either enter the values for the measurement bandwidth and number of crosscorrelation operations directly. Or you can let the application calculate ideal values for
each half decade.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box, and from there, enter the "Noise Config" dialog
box.
2. Select automatic or manual configuration mode with the "Half Decade Config" feature.
3. In case of an automatic configuration, define an "RBW" factor and an "XCORR
Factor".
From these values, the application calculates the best and least time-consuming
absolute resolution bandwidth and cross-correlation operations for each half decade.
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3.4.4.3 DUT Power Supply
Getting Started
Trying Out the Instrument
4. In case of a manual configuration, define the resolution bandwidth and number of
cross-correlations for each half decade directly in the half decade configuration
table as absolute values.
The relative "RBW" factor and "XCORR Factor" are ignored.
How to supply DUTs with current or voltage
Some measurement setups or DUTs require you to supply them with either voltage or
current.
The R&S FSPN can provide both, when you set it up that way.
1. Enter the "Overview" dialog box and, from there, enter the "Output" dialog box.
2. Select the "DC Config" tab.
There you have the following options:
● Turn each of the three DC outputs on or off.
●
Define the supplied voltage (or current in case of the V
supply
output).
● Define limits for the outputs. When you define limits, the supplied voltage will
not go below or above these.
● DC power output
3. Turn on the output of voltage or current with the "DC Power" feature.
Tip: You can turn the output on and off easily with the "DC On / Off" button in the
toolbar. The "DC Config" button provides access to a softkey menu that lets you
define the signal characteristics without entering a dialog box.
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Applications
R&S MultiView
4 Applications
The R&S FSPN is a dedicated Phase Noise Analyzer whose main feature is the phase
noise measurement application.
When you activate an application, the R&S FSPN creates a new measurement channel which in turn determines the measurement settings for that application. You can
use the same application with different measurement settings by creating several
channels for the same application. Each channel is represented by a separate tab on
the screen.
Note that the number of channels can be limited by the available memory of the
R&S FSPN.
● R&S MultiView........................................................................................................ 79
● Running a Sequence of Measurements..................................................................80
4.1 R&S MultiView
Each application is displayed in a separate tab. An additional tab ("MultiView") provides
an overview of all currently active channels at a glance. In the "MultiView" tab, each
individual window contains its own channel bar with an additional button. Select this
button to switch to the corresponding channel display quickly.
Remote command:
DISPlay:FORMat on page 402
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4.2.1 The Sequencer Concept
Applications
Running a Sequence of Measurements
4.2 Running a Sequence of Measurements
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
● The Sequencer Concept......................................................................................... 80
● Sequencer Settings.................................................................................................81
● How to Set Up the Sequencer.................................................................................81
The instrument can only activate one specific channel at any time. Thus, only one
measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently active
channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a
Sequencer function is provided, which changes the channel of the instrument as
required. If activated, the measurements configured in the currently defined "Channel"
s are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs.
For each individual measurement, the sweep count is considered. Thus, each measurement may consist of several sweeps. The currently active measurement is indicated by a symbol in the tab label.
The result displays of the individual channels are updated in the tabs as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently dis-
played tab.
Sequencer modes
Three different Sequencer modes are available:
●
Single Sequence
Similar to single sweep mode; each measurement is performed once, until all measurements in all defined "Channel" s have been performed.
●
Continuous Sequence
Similar to continuous sweep mode; the measurements in each defined "Channel"
are performed one after the other, repeatedly, in the same order, until sequential
operation is stopped. This is the default Sequencer mode.
●
Channel-defined Sequence
First, a single sequence is performed. Then, only "Channel" s in continuous sweep
mode are repeated continuously.
Run Single/Run Cont and Single Sweep/Sweep Continuous keys
While the Sequencer is active, the [Run Single] and [Run Cont] keys control the
Sequencer, not individual sweeps. [Run Single] starts the Sequencer in single mode,
while [Run Cont] starts the Sequencer in continuous mode.
The "Single Sweep" and "Continuous Sweep" softkeys control the sweep mode for the
currently selected channel only; the sweep mode only has an effect the next time the
Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a channel-defined sequence. In this
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4.2.2 Sequencer Settings
Applications
Running a Sequence of Measurements
case, a channel in single sweep mode is swept only once by the Sequencer. A channel
in continuous sweep mode is swept repeatedly.
The "Sequencer" menu is available from the toolbar.
Sequencer State .......................................................................................................... 81
Sequencer Mode ..........................................................................................................81
Sequencer State
Activates or deactivates the Sequencer. If activated, sequential operation according to
the selected Sequencer mode is started immediately.
Remote command:
SYSTem:SEQuencer on page 320
INITiate:SEQuencer:IMMediate on page 319
INITiate:SEQuencer:ABORt on page 319
Sequencer Mode
Defines how often which measurements are performed. The currently selected mode
softkey is highlighted blue. During an active Sequencer process, the selected mode
softkey is highlighted orange.
"Single Sequence"
Each measurement is performed once, until all measurements in all
active channels have been performed.
"Continuous Sequence"
The measurements in each active channel are performed one after
the other, repeatedly, in the same order, until sequential operation is
stopped.
This is the default Sequencer mode.
"Channel Defined Sequence"
First, a single sequence is performed. Then, only channels in continuous sweep mode are repeated.
Remote command:
INITiate:SEQuencer:MODE on page 320
4.2.3 How to Set Up the Sequencer
In order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function
is provided.
1. Configure a channel for each measurement configuration as required, including the
sweep mode.
2. In the toolbar, select the "Sequencer" icon.
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Applications
Running a Sequence of Measurements
The "Sequencer" menu is displayed.
3. Toggle the "Sequencer" softkey to "On" .
A continuous sequence is started immediately.
4. To change the Sequencer mode and start a new sequence immediately, select the
corresponding mode softkey, or press the [Run Single] or [Run Cont] key.
The measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one
after the other in the order of the tabs until the Sequencer is stopped.
The result displays in the individual channels are updated as the measurements
are performed.
To stop the Sequencer
► To stop the Sequencer temporarily, press the highlighted [Run Single] or [Run
Cont] key (not for a channel-defined sequence). To continue the Sequencer, press
the key again.
To stop the Sequencer permanently, select the "Sequencer" icon in the toolbar and
toggle the "Sequencer" softkey to "Off" .
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[dBc/Hz] noise phase sideband single with
PM Residual
)(
)(2
fL
raddffL
stop
start
f
f
mm
Measurements and Result Displays
Basics on Phase Noise Measurements
5 Measurements and Result Displays
The noise performance of a DUT is usually described by various effects and signal
characteristics that can be measured by the R&S FSPN.
The R&S FSPN provides several measurements, each of which analyzes different
noise characteristics for different types of signal.
All measurements support several result displays, each of which shows different
aspects of the noise characteristics of the measured signal.
● Basics on Phase Noise Measurements.................................................................. 83
● Performing Measurements......................................................................................84
● Selecting Measurements.........................................................................................86
● Result Displays....................................................................................................... 87
5.1 Basics on Phase Noise Measurements
● Residual Effects...................................................................................................... 83
5.1.1 Residual Effects
Residual noise effects are modulation products that originate directly from the phase
noise. It is possible to deduct them mathematically from the phase noise of a DUT.
The application calculates three residual noise effects. All calculations are based on an
integration of the phase noise over a particular offset frequency range.
Residual PM
The residual phase modulation is the contribution of the phase noise to the output of a
PM demodulator. It is evaluated over the frequency range you have defined.
Residual FM
The residual frequency modulation is the contribution of the phase noise to the output
of an FM demodulator. It is evaluated over the frequency range you have defined.
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[Hz]frequency
[dBc/Hz] noise phase sideband single with
FM Residual
m
m
f
f
mmm
f
fL
HzdffLf
stop
start
)(
)(2
2
frequency Carrier with
[rad]ResidualPM
Jitter[s]
0
0
2ff
Measurements and Result Displays
Performing Measurements
Jitter
The jitter is the RMS temporal fluctuation of a carrier with the given phase noise evaluated over a given frequency range of interest.
Figure 5-1: Residual noise based on an integration between 10 kHz and 100 kHz offset
5.2
Performing Measurements
To start single measurements
1. Configure the measurement range you would like to measure ("Frequency" dialog
box, see Chapter 6.4, "Frequency", on page 105).
2. Configure the number of measurements you would like to perform in a single measurement ("Sweep Config" dialog box, see " Sweep/Average Count " on page 115).
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Measurements and Result Displays
Performing Measurements
3. Define how the results are evaluated for display ("Trace" dialog box, see Chap-
ter 7.3, "Trace Configuration", on page 152).
4. To start the measurement, select one of the following:
● [RUN SINGLE] key
● "Single Sweep" softkey in the "Sweep" menu
The defined number of sweeps are performed, then the measurement is stopped.
While the measurement is running, the [RUN SINGLE] key is highlighted. To abort
the measurement, press the [RUN SINGLE] key again. The key is no longer highlighted. The results are not deleted until a new measurement is started.
5. To repeat the same number of measurements without deleting the last trace, select
the "Continue Single Sweep" softkey in the "Sweep" menu.
To start continuous measurements
1. If you want to average the trace or search for a maximum over more (or less) than
10 measurements, configure the "Average/Sweep Count" ("Sweep Config" dialog
box, see " Sweep/Average Count " on page 115).
2. To start the measurement, select one of the following:
● [RUN CONT] key
● "Continuous Sweep" softkey in the "Sweep" menu
After each sweep is completed, a new one is started automatically. While the mea-
surement is running, the [RUN CONT] key is highlighted. To stop the measurement, press the [RUN CONT] key again. The key is no longer highlighted. The
results are not deleted until a new measurement is started.
Single Sweep / Run Single ...........................................................................................85
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont .....................................................................................85
Continue Single Sweep ................................................................................................86
Single Sweep / Run Single
Initiates a single measurement. The measurement is finished after all frequencies in
the frequency list have been measured. If necessary, the application automatically
determines the reference level before starting the actual measurement.
While the measurement is running, the "Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN SINGLE]
key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] on page 327
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont
Initiates a measurement and repeats it continuously until stopped. If necessary, the
application automatically determines the reference level before starting the actual measurement.
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Measurements and Result Displays
Selecting Measurements
While the measurement is running, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
CONT] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the
highlighted softkey or key again. The results are not deleted until a new measurement
is started.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 326
Continue Single Sweep
Repeats the number of measurements defined by the "Sweep Count", without deleting
the trace of the last measurement.
While the measurement is running, the "Continue Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
SINGLE] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting
the highlighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONMeas on page 326
5.3 Selecting Measurements
Access: [MEAS]
The R&S FSPN provides several noise measurements, each determining different
noise aspects of different types of signal.
Phase noise Measurement........................................................................................... 86
Baseband noise measurement..................................................................................... 86
VCO characterization....................................................................................................87
Spot noise vs tune.........................................................................................................87
PN Transient analysis................................................................................................... 87
Phase noise Measurement
Provides tools to measure the noise characteristics of a continuous wave signal.
This measurement measures the combined noise characteristics of the components in
the test setup.
Remote command:
CONFigure:PNOise:MEASurement on page 323
Baseband noise measurement
Provides tools to measure the noise characteristics of a DUT in absolute terms (not relative to a carrier).
The measurement is designed to check the voltage supply of DC sources or to determine the noise characteristics of amplifiers. Baseband measurements are possible
between 0 Hz and 30 MHz (absolute).
Remote command:
CONFigure:PNOise:MEASurement on page 323
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Measurements and Result Displays
Result Displays
VCO characterization
Provides tools to measure various characteristics of DUTs whose characteristics
change depending on the applied voltage or current. Examples would be voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) or YIG oscillators.
The measurement is designed to evaluate DUT characteristics as a function of the tuning voltage (also known as sweep voltage).
Remote command:
CONFigure:VCO:MEASurement[:STATe] on page 324
Spot noise vs tune
Provides tools to measure the spot noise characteristic of DUTs whose spot noise
characteristic changes depending on the applied voltage or current. Examples would
be voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) or YIG oscillators.
The measurement is designed to evaluate DUT spot noise characteristic as a function
of the tuning voltage (also known as sweep voltage).
Remote command:
CONFigure:SNTune:MEASurement[:STATe] on page 324
PN Transient analysis
Provides tools to analyze the transient response of a DUT.
The measurement is designed to monitor the frequency and phase variations of a sig-
nal over time and to find out how long it takes until the signal is in a stable state.
Remote command:
CONFigure:TRANsient:MEASurement[:STATe] on page 324
5.4 Result Displays
Result displays show different aspects of the measurement results in numerical or
graphical form.
Depending on the measurement, one or more result displays are supported.
Phase noise and baseband noise measurements:
●
"Noise Diagram" on page 88
●
"Integrated Measurements" on page 89
●
"Spurious List" on page 90
●
"Spot Noise" on page 91
●
" Marker Table " on page 96
●
"Allan Variance / Allan Deviation" on page 92
(Phase noise measurement only.)
VCO characterization measurements:
●
"Frequency (VCO Characterization)" on page 93
●
"Sensitivity" on page 93
●
"Power" on page 93
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Measurements and Result Displays
Result Displays
●
"Current / Voltage" on page 94
●
"Power vs. Frequency" on page 94
●
"Harmonic Power" on page 94
●
" Marker Table " on page 96
Spot noise vs tune measurements:
●
"Spot Noise vs Tune PN" on page 95
●
"Spot Noise vs Tune AM" on page 95
●
" Marker Table " on page 96
Transient analysis
●
"Frequency (Transient Analysis)" on page 95
●
"Frequency Deviation" on page 96
●
"Phase" on page 96
●
" Marker Table " on page 96
Noise Diagram.............................................................................................................. 88
Integrated Measurements............................................................................................. 89
Spurious List................................................................................................................. 90
Spot Noise.....................................................................................................................91
Allan Variance / Allan Deviation.................................................................................... 92
Frequency (VCO Characterization)...............................................................................93
Sensitivity......................................................................................................................93
Power............................................................................................................................93
Current / Voltage...........................................................................................................94
Power vs. Frequency.................................................................................................... 94
Harmonic Power............................................................................................................94
Spot Noise vs Tune PN.................................................................................................95
Spot Noise vs Tune AM.................................................................................................95
Frequency (Transient Analysis).....................................................................................95
Frequency Deviation..................................................................................................... 96
Phase............................................................................................................................96
Marker Table ................................................................................................................ 96
Noise Diagram
The "Noise Diagram" result display shows the power level of the noise over a variable
frequency offset from the carrier frequency.
The unit of both axes in the diagram is fix. The x-axis always shows the offset frequencies in relation to the carrier frequency on a logarithmic scale in Hz. It always has a
logarithmic scale to make sure of an equal representation of offsets near and far away
from the carrier. The range of offsets that the x-axis shows is variable and depends on
the measurement range you have defined and the scope of the x-axis that you have
set.
The y-axis always shows the noise power level contained in a 1 Hz bandwidth in relation to the level of the carrier.
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Measurements and Result Displays
Result Displays
The unit of the y-axis depends on which version of the "Noise Spectrum" diagram you
have selected.
●
"Noise Spectrum": Default display showing the single sideband phase noise with
linear y-axis in dBc/Hz.
●
"Noise Spectrum L(f)": Same as the "Noise Spectrum" without AM noise calculation.
●
"Noise Spectrum SΦ(f)": Display showing the spectral density of phase fluctuations
with linear y-axis in dB/Hz.
●
"Noise Spectrum Sv(f)": Display showing the spectral density of frequency fluctuations with logarithmic y-axis in Hz/sqrt(Hz).
●
"Noise Spectrum Sy(f)": Display showing the spectral density of fractional frequency fluctuations with logarithmic y-axis in 1/sqrt(Hz).
The R&S FSPN adjusts numerical results like integrated measurements and spot
noise accordingly. AM noise calculation is only supported by the "Noise Spectrum"
result display.
The scale of the y-axis is variable. Usually it is best to use the automatic scaling that
the application provides, because it makes sure that the whole trace is always visible.
You can, however, also customize the range, the minimum and the maximum values
on the y-axis by changing the y-axis scale.
The measurement results are displayed as traces in the diagram area. Up to six active
traces at any time are possible. Each of those can have a different setup and thus
show different aspects of the measurement results.
In the default state, the application shows two traces. A yellow one and a blue one.
Both result from the same measurement data, but have been evaluated differently. On
the first trace, smoothing has been applied, the second one shows the raw data.
The diagram also contains a grey area in its default state. This trace represents the
cross-correlation gain indicator.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X? on page 335
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:X:POINts? on page 335
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y? on page 336
TRACe<n>[:DATA]:Y:POINts? on page 336
Integrated Measurements
The "Integrated Measurements" result display summarizes the residual effects results
in a table.
The table consists of up to four rows with each row representing a different integration
interval. Each row basically contains the same information, which depends on the
residual effects configuration.
Result Description
Wnd Shows the number of the measurement window the
integration is done in (usually "1", unless you have
several noise diagrams open at the same time).
Range Shows the index of the integration range (1 to 4).
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Measurements and Result Displays
Result Displays
Result Description
Trace Shows the number of the trace the integration is
applied to.
Start / Stop Offset Shows the start and stop offset of the integration
interval.
Weighting Shows the name of the weighting filter, if you have
applied one.
Int Noise Shows the integrated noise.
The integral is calculated over the frequency range
defined by the "Start" and "Stop" values.
PM* Shows the residual PM result in degrees and rad.
(Only available for Phase Noise traces.)
FM / AM* Shows the residual FM results in Hz or the residual
AM results in %, depending on the trace configura-
tion.
(Only available for Phase Noise traces.)
Jitter* Shows the jitter in seconds.
(Only available for Phase Noise traces.)
* For baseband noise measurements, these values are always 0.
Remote command:
Int. PHN: FETCh<n>[:RANGe<j>]:PNOise<t>:IPN? on page 330
FM: FETCh<n>[:RANGe<j>]:PNOise<t>:RFM? on page 331
AM: FETCh<n>[:RANGe<j>]:PNOise<t>:RAM? on page 330
PM: FETCh<n>[:RANGe<j>]:PNOise<t>:RPM? on page 332
Jitter: FETCh<n>[:RANGe<j>]:PNOise<t>:RMS? on page 331
Spurious List
Spurs are peak levels at one or more offset frequencies and are caused mostly by
interfering signals. The "Spurious List" result display shows the location of all detected
spurs in a table.
Note that only signals above a certain threshold are regarded as spurs. This threshold
is also considered in the spurious list if spur removal has been turned off for a trace.
The order of the spurs in the table depends on the sort order.
The table consists of a variable number of rows. For each detected spur, the table
shows several results.
Wnd Shows the number of the measurement window the
spur is in (usually "1", unless you have several noise
diagrams open at the same time).
Trace Shows the trace that the spur is on.
Spur Shows the spur number. Spurs are sorted by their
frequency, beginning with the spur with the lowest
frequency.
Offset* Shows the position (offset frequency) of the spur.
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Result Displays
Power** Shows the power level of the spur in dBc.
Jitter** Shows the jitter value of the spur in s.
In addition to the jitter for each spur, the result display also shows the discrete jitter and the random jitter at the end of the table.
●
The discrete jitter is the RMS average of all
individual spur jitter values.
●
The random jitter is the jitter contribution of the
phase noise without spurs.
* For baseband noise measurements, the result is the absolute frequency that the spur is located at.
** For baseband noise measurements, the unit is variable.
*** For baseband noise measurements, the jitter is always 0.
Remote command:
FETCh<n>:PNOise<t>:SPURs? on page 328
FETCh<n>:PNOise<t>:SPURs:COUNt? on page 328
FETCh<n>:PNOise<t>:SPURs:JITTer? on page 329
FETCh<n>:PNOise<t>:SPURs:DISCrete? on page 329
FETCh<n>:PNOise<t>:SPURs:RANDom? on page 329
Spot Noise
The "Spot Noise" result display shows the noise at a certain frequency offset (or spot)
that is part of the measurement range. It is thus like a fixed marker.
The unit of spot noise results is dBc/Hz (variable unit for baseband noise measurements). The application shows the results in a table.
The table consists of a variable number of 10x frequencies (depending on the measurement range), and a maximum of six user frequencies, with each row containing the
spot noise information for a particular frequency offset.
The spot noise information is made up out of several values.
Offset Frequency* Shows the offset frequency the spot noise is evalu-
ated for. You can add any offset that is part of the
measurement range.
The number in brackets (T<x>) indicates the trace
the result refers to.
Noise[T<x>] Shows the noise for the corresponding offset fre-
quency.
The number in brackets (T<x>) indicates the trace
the result refers to.
* For baseband noise measurements, the result is the absolute frequency of the spot.
Remote command:
Querying spot noise results on 10x offset frequencies:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<s>[:TRACe<t>]:DECades:X? on page 372
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<s>[:TRACe<t>]:DECades:Y? on page 373
Querying custom spot noise results:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<s>[:TRACe<t>]:Y? on page 374
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Measurements and Result Displays
Result Displays
Allan Variance / Allan Deviation
The "Allan Variance" and "Allan Deviation" result displays are tools to determine the
frequency stability of a DUT over a long period of time (days or even months).
Frequency stability is a measure of how well a DUT is able to produce its specified frequency over time without deviating from that frequency. Because of the noise characteristics of oscillators, standard variance or deviation are not really applicable. Instead
the Allan variance and deviation are the tools of choice for these statistical evaluations.
Like the standard deviation, the Allan variance and deviation show how much the frequency of the DUT deviates from its specified (= average) value. Also like the standard
variance and deviation, the deviation is the square root of the variance.
The R&S FSPN calculates the Allan variance from the phase noise spectrum using the
following relationship:
f
= integration bandwidth
h
Sy= spectral density of fractional frequency fluctuations
τ
= observation time
f = offset frequency
Overall, low values, both variance and deviation, correspond to a stable DUT, high values to an unstable DUT.
When you measure the stability of an oscillator, the resulting curve has a characteristic
shape. The shape is the same for variance and deviation.
The point of interest in the diagram is the minimum of the curve. First, the deviation is
high, because of noise. During the progression of the observation, the noise averages
out until the minimum is reached. The minimum thus corresponds to the point in time
when the deviation from the specified frequency is at its lowest. After that, the stability
deteriorates due to temperature effects and aging.
From the slope of the curve, you can also identify the type of noise that is in effect
(white noise, flicker phase, white frequency, flicker frequency, random walk).
For a comprehensive discussion of the Allan variance, refer to application note 1EF69:
Time Domain Oscillator Stability Measurement - Allan Variance.
The logarithmic x-axis corresponds to the observation time ("Tau"). Note that Tau is not
the measurement time, but the evaluated time - the measurement lasts longer than
Tau. Because the R&S FSPN calculates the Allan variance based on the measurement
range of the phase noise measurement (offset frequency), the observation time corresponds to the measurement range and vice versa.
The start time also defines the measurement bandwidth or integration bandwidth (fh in
the equation above):
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Result Displays
The measurement bandwidth is displayed in the diagram area.
The y-axis shows the variance or deviation. It also has a logarithmic scale.
Remote command:
Trace data: TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Measurement bandwidth: [SENSe:]BWIDth:MEASurement? on page 332
Frequency (VCO Characterization)
The "Frequency" result display shows the frequency characteristics of the DUT as a
function of the tuning voltage or current.
The x-axis shows the tuning characteristics of the DC source.
●
For V
the tuning voltage in Volt or current in Ampere, depending on the output
supply
type.
●
For V
tune
and V
the tuning voltage in Volt.
aux
The tuning voltages (alternatively: current) applied during the measurement depends
on the tuning range you have defined.
The y-axis shows the frequency on which the VCO operates at a given tuning voltage
or current in Hz.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Sensitivity
The "Sensitivity" result display shows the slope of the DUT characteristics, expressed
as the frequency change between measurement points.
The x-axis shows the tuning characteristics of the DC source.
●
For V
the tuning voltage in Volt or current in Ampere, depending on the output
supply
type.
●
For V
tune
and V
the tuning voltage in Volt.
aux
The tuning voltages (alternatively: current) applied during the measurement depends
on the tuning range you have defined.
The y-axis shows the sensitivity of the VCO at a given tuning voltage or current in
Hz/V.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Power
The "Power" result display shows the output power characteristics of the DUT as a
function of the tuning voltage or current.
The x-axis shows the tuning characteristics of the DC source.
●
For V
the tuning voltage in Volt or current in Ampere, depending on the output
supply
type.
●
For V
tune
and V
the tuning voltage in Volt.
aux
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Result Displays
The tuning voltages (alternatively: current) applied during the measurement depends
on the tuning range you have defined.
The y-axis shows the output power of the VCO at a given tuning voltage or current in
Hz.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Current / Voltage
The "Current / Voltage" result display shows the voltage or current that the DUT is supplied with by the selected fix source and displays the result for each measurement
point. Each measurement point corresponds to a specific tuning voltage (or current)
that was applied to the DUT.
The x-axis shows the tuning characteristics of the DC source.
●
For V
the tuning voltage in Volt or current in Ampere, depending on the output
supply
type.
●
For V
tune
and V
the tuning voltage in Volt.
aux
The tuning voltages (alternatively: current) applied during the measurement depends
on the tuning range you have defined.
The y-axis shows the current or voltage of the selected fix DC source. When V
Supply
is
configured to supply current and selected as the "Fix Source", the diagram shows the
voltage in Volt. In all other cases, it shows the current in mA.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Power vs. Frequency
The "Power vs. Frequency" result display shows the frequency characteristics of the
DUT as a function of the tuning voltage or current.
The x-axis shows the frequency on which the VCO operates at a given tuning voltage
or current in Hz.
The y-axis shows the output power of the VCO at a given tuning voltage or current in
Hz.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Harmonic Power
The "Harmonic Power" result display explicitly shows the power of the fundamental
wave and the power of the harmonics of a DUT measured for each measurement
point.
The x-axis shows the tuning characteristics of the DC source.
●
For V
the tuning voltage in Volt or current in Ampere, depending on the output
supply
type.
●
For V
tune
and V
the tuning voltage in Volt.
aux
The tuning voltages (alternatively: current) applied during the measurement depends
on the tuning range you have defined.
The y-axis shows the output power of the DUT at a given tuning voltage or current in
dBm.
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Result Displays
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Spot Noise vs Tune PN
The "Spot Noise vs Tune PN" result display shows the phase noise at specific frequency offsets measured on each measurement point. Each measurement point corresponds to a specific tuning voltage (or current) that was applied to the DUT.
The x-axis shows the tuning characteristics of the DC source.
●
For V
the tuning voltage in Volt or current in Ampere, depending on the output
supply
type.
●
For V
tune
and V
the tuning voltage in Volt.
aux
The tuning voltages (alternatively: current) applied during the measurement depends
on the tuning range you have defined.
The y-axis shows the phase noise measured at a given tuning voltage or current in
dBc/Hz.
You can configure the traces to show the phase noise for specific frequency offsets relative to the carrier.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Spot Noise vs Tune AM
The "Spot Noise vs Tune AM" result display shows the AM noise at specific frequency
offsets measured on each measurement point. Each measurement point corresponds
to a specific tuning voltage (or current) that was applied to the DUT.
The x-axis shows the tuning characteristics of the DC source.
●
For V
the tuning voltage in Volt or current in Ampere, depending on the output
supply
type.
●
For V
tune
and V
the tuning voltage in Volt.
aux
The tuning voltages (alternatively: current) applied during the measurement depends
on the tuning range you have defined.
The y-axis shows the AM noise measured at a given tuning voltage or current in
dBc/Hz.
You can configure the traces to show the AM noise for specific frequency offsets relative to the carrier.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Frequency (Transient Analysis)
The "Frequency" result display shows the frequency characteristics of the transient
response of the DUT over time.
The x-axis shows the time period over which the signal has been measured. The scale
depends on the measurement time.
The y-axis shows the frequency, either in absolute or relative terms. For a relative
scale, the offset frequencies displayed on the y-axis refer to the center frequency. In
both cases, the grid line in the middle of the diagram represents the center frequency.
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Result Displays
Remote command:
Trace data: TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Y-axis scale: Chapter 11.6.9.1, "Frequency Configuration", on page 386
Frequency Deviation
The "Frequency Deviation" result display shows the frequency deviation of the transient response of the DUT from an ideal linear behavior over time.
The x-axis shows the time period over which the signal has been measured. The scale
depends on the defined start and stop time.
The y-axis shows the deviation of the signal from the reference line within the timeframe between start and stop time. The scale of the y-axis depends on your configuration.
The frequency deviation calculation settings are described in Chapter 6.9.7, "Fre-
quency Deviation", on page 140.
Remote command:
Trace data: TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Phase
The "Phase" result display shows the phase characteristics of the transient response of
the DUT over time.
The x-axis shows the time period over which the signal has been measured. The scale
depends on the measurement time.
The y-axis shows the phase. The scale of the y-axis depends on your configuration.
Remote command:
Trace data: TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 333
Y-axis scale: Chapter 11.6.9.5, "Y-Axis Scale", on page 394
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers.
This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 404
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 430
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Common Measurement Settings
Configuration Overview
6 Common Measurement Settings
Basic measurement settings that are common to many measurement tasks, regardless
of the application or operating mode, are described here. If you are using an application other than the Phase Noise application, be sure to check the documentation for
that application. The settings can deviate from the common settings described here.
● Configuration Overview...........................................................................................97
● Input Source............................................................................................................99
● Level Characteristics.............................................................................................101
● Frequency............................................................................................................. 105
● Noise Measurement Configuration........................................................................110
● DC Source Configuration...................................................................................... 123
● VCO Characterization Configuration.....................................................................126
● Spot Noise vs Tune Configuration........................................................................ 130
● PN Transient Analysis Configuration.................................................................... 131
6.1 Configuration Overview
Access: "Overview"
Throughout the measurement channel configuration, an overview of the most important
currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview". The "Overview" is displayed
when you select the "Overview" icon, which is available at the bottom of all softkey
menus.
In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to
the main settings dialog boxes. The individual configuration steps are displayed in the
order of the data flow. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement channel
from input over processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes
as indicated in the "Overview".
In particular, the "Overview" provides quick access to the following configuration dialog
boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):
1. Input
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Common Measurement Settings
Configuration Overview
SeeChapter 6.2, "Input Source", on page 99 .
2. Amplitude / Scaling
See Chapter 6.3, "Level Characteristics", on page 101.
3. Frequency
See Chapter 6.4, "Frequency", on page 105.
4. Noise
See Chapter 6.5, "Noise Measurement Configuration", on page 110.
5. Output
See Chapter 6.6, "DC Source Configuration", on page 123.
6. Analysis
See Chapter 7, "Common Analysis and Display Functions", on page 143.
7. Display Configuration
See Chapter 5.4, "Result Displays", on page 87.
Selecting the noise measurement type.........................................................................98
Preset Channel............................................................................................................. 98
Specific Settings for ..................................................................................................... 98
Selecting the noise measurement type
The R&S FSPN provides different types of measurements to measure the noise characteristics of a DUT.
●
Phase Noise
Phase noise and AM noise measurements for continuous wave signals.
●
Baseband Noise
Noise measurement in absolute terms over a selected frequency range.
●
VCO Characterization
Measurements to determine the characteristics of a voltage controlled oscillator
(VCO).
●
Spot Noise vs Tune
Phase noise and AM noise measurements for a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO).
Remote command:
CONFigure:PNOise:MEASurement on page 323
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to
restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 462
Specific Settings for
The channel may contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indicated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the
selected window.
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6.2.1 RF Input
Common Measurement Settings
Input Source
Select an active window from the "Specific Settings for" selection list that is displayed
in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.
The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected
window.
6.2 Input Source
The phase noise application supports input from several signal sources.
For more information about the available connectors, refer to the getting started manual.
● RF Input.................................................................................................................. 99
● Baseband Input.....................................................................................................100
Access (RF input settings): "Overview" > "Input" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency"
> "Config"
Access (schematic test setups): "Overview" > "Input" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency" > "Test Setup"
The RF Input is the default input source.
A typical test setup for measurements over the RF input depends on the selected measurement and the equipment used in the test setup. A schematic representation of
such a setup is provided in the dialog box.
●
The DUT directly sends a signal to the RF input of the R&S FSPN.
●
If necessary, the R&S FSPN can supply the DUT with power over the DC ports.
For more information about configuring the DC ports used in the setup, see Chap-
ter 6.6, "DC Source Configuration", on page 123.
The remote commands required to configure the frequency are described in Chap-
ter 11.6.1.1, "RF Input", on page 337.
Radio Frequency State ................................................................................................ 99
Input Coupling ............................................................................................................100
Local Oscillator............................................................................................................100
Radio Frequency State
Activates input from the "RF Input" connector.
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Common Measurement Settings
Input Source
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:SELect on page 338
Input Coupling
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. This is the default setting to
prevent damage to the instrument. Very low frequencies in the input signal may be distorted.
However, some specifications require DC coupling. In this case, you must protect the
instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually. For details, refer to the data
sheet.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:COUPling on page 337
Local Oscillator
Selects the type of the local oscillator you are using for the measurement.
●
Internal
Uses the local oscillator of the R&S FSPN.
●
External
Uses an external local oscillator, connected to the "LO AUX Input" (Ch1 and Ch2)
of the R&S FSPN.
For an external LO, specify whether the signal at the input has a low or high
"Level". A low level corresponds to signals with a level of approximately 0 dBm. A
high level corresponds to signals with a level between about +5 dBm and
+10 dBm.
The exact definitions of low and high depend on the signal frequency and are
specified in the data sheet.
Note that for low phase noise boards with material number 1331.6439.xx, the low /
high setting is not available.
Remote command:
INPut<1|2>:LOSCillator:SOURce on page 338
INPut<1|2>:LOSCillator:SOURce:EXTernal:LEVel on page 338
6.2.2 Baseband Input
Access (baseband input settings): "Overview" > "Input" > "Input Source" > "Baseband"
> "Config"
Access (schematic test setups): "Overview" > "Input" > "Input Source" > "Baseband" >
"Test Setup"
Baseband measurements
In addition to the RF input, baseband noise measurements also support measurements on the two channels of the baseband input.
Remote command:
Input selection: INPut<ip>:SELect on page 338
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