R&S®FSMR3-K70
Vector Signal Analysis
User Manual
(;ÝR?2)
1179341502
Version 02
This document describes the following R&S®FSMR3000 models:
●
R&S®FSMR3008 (1345.4004K08)
●
R&S®FSMR3026 (1345.4004K26)
●
R&S®FSMR3050 (1345.4004K50)
The contents of this manual correspond to firmware version 1.10 and higher.
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S FSMR3-K70 (1345.3150.02) (requires R&S FSMR3-B1)
●
R&S FSMR3-K70M (1345.3737.02) (requires R&S FSMR3-K70)
●
R&S FSMR3-K70P (1345.3720.02) (requires R&S FSMR3-K70)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1179.3415.02 | Version 02 | R&S®FSMR3-K70
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®FSMR3 is indicated as
R&S FSMR3.
R&S®FSMR3-K70
1 Documentation overview.....................................................................13
1.1 Getting started manual............................................................................................... 13
1.2 User manuals and help...............................................................................................13
1.3 Service manual............................................................................................................13
1.4 Instrument security procedures................................................................................ 14
1.5 Printed safety instructions.........................................................................................14
1.6 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................ 14
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA).......................................14
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc......................................... 14
2 Welcome to the R&S FSMR3000 VSA application............................ 15
Contents
Contents
2.1 Introduction to vector signal analysis...................................................................... 16
2.2 Starting the VSA application......................................................................................17
2.3 Understanding the display information.................................................................... 17
3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 20
3.1 Evaluation data sources in VSA................................................................................ 20
3.2 Result types in VSA.................................................................................................... 24
3.2.1 Bit error rate (BER)....................................................................................................... 26
3.2.2 Channel frequency response group delay.................................................................... 28
3.2.3 Channel frequency response magnitude...................................................................... 29
3.2.4 Constellation frequency.................................................................................................30
3.2.5 Constellation I/Q............................................................................................................30
3.2.6 Constellation I/Q (rotated)............................................................................................. 32
3.2.7 Error vector magnitude (EVM)...................................................................................... 33
3.2.8 Eye diagram frequency................................................................................................. 34
3.2.9 Eye diagram imag (Q)................................................................................................... 35
3.2.10 Eye diagram real (I).......................................................................................................37
3.2.11 Frequency absolute.......................................................................................................38
3.2.12 Frequency relative.........................................................................................................39
3.2.13 Frequency error absolute.............................................................................................. 40
3.2.14 Frequency error relative................................................................................................ 42
3.2.15 Frequency response group delay..................................................................................43
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3.2.16 Frequency response magnitude....................................................................................44
3.2.17 Frequency response phase...........................................................................................44
3.2.18 Impulse response magnitude........................................................................................ 45
3.2.19 Impulse response phase............................................................................................... 46
3.2.20 Impulse response real/imag.......................................................................................... 47
3.2.21 Magnitude absolute.......................................................................................................47
3.2.22 Magnitude overview (capture buffer).............................................................................49
3.2.23 Magnitude relative.........................................................................................................50
3.2.24 Magnitude error.............................................................................................................51
3.2.25 Phase error................................................................................................................... 52
3.2.26 Phase wrap................................................................................................................... 53
3.2.27 Phase unwrap............................................................................................................... 54
3.2.28 Real/imag (I/Q)..............................................................................................................55
Contents
3.2.29 Result summary............................................................................................................ 56
3.2.30 Spectrum (capture buffer + error)..................................................................................59
3.2.31 Spectrum (measurement + error)..................................................................................61
3.2.32 Symbol table................................................................................................................. 62
3.2.33 Vector frequency........................................................................................................... 63
3.2.34 Vector I/Q...................................................................................................................... 64
3.3 Predefined display configuration.............................................................................. 66
3.4 Common parameters in VSA......................................................................................67
4 Measurement basics............................................................................69
4.1 Filters and bandwidths during signal processing................................................... 69
4.1.1 I/Q bandwidth................................................................................................................ 70
4.1.2 Demodulation bandwidth (measurement bandwidth)....................................................71
4.1.3 Modulation and demodulation filters............................................................................. 71
4.1.4 Measurement filters.......................................................................................................72
4.1.5 Customized filters..........................................................................................................74
4.2 Sample rate, symbol rate and I/Q bandwidth........................................................... 76
4.2.1 Sample rate and maximum usable I/Q bandwidth for RF input.....................................77
4.2.1.1 Relationship between sample rate, record length and usable I/Q bandwidth............... 78
4.3 Symbol mapping......................................................................................................... 78
4.3.1 Phase shift keying (PSK).............................................................................................. 79
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4.3.2 Rotating PSK.................................................................................................................83
4.3.3 Differential PSK.............................................................................................................86
4.3.4 Rotating differential PSK modulation.............................................................................87
4.3.5 Offset QPSK..................................................................................................................89
4.3.6 Shaped offset QPSK..................................................................................................... 90
4.3.7 Frequency shift keying (FSK)........................................................................................91
4.3.8 Minimum shift keying (MSK)......................................................................................... 95
4.3.9 Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)..................................................................... 96
4.3.10 ASK............................................................................................................................. 108
4.3.11 APSK...........................................................................................................................109
4.3.12 User-defined modulation............................................................................................. 110
4.4 Overview of the demodulation process.................................................................. 111
4.4.1 Burst search................................................................................................................ 114
Contents
4.4.2 I/Q pattern search........................................................................................................115
4.4.3 Demodulation and symbol decisions...........................................................................116
4.4.4 Pattern symbol check.................................................................................................. 118
4.4.5 Synchronization and the reference signal................................................................... 119
4.4.6 The equalizer.............................................................................................................. 121
4.5 Signal model, estimation and modulation errors...................................................123
4.5.1 PSK, QAM and MSK modulation................................................................................ 124
4.5.1.1 Error model................................................................................................................. 124
4.5.1.2 Estimation................................................................................................................... 125
4.5.1.3 Modulation errors........................................................................................................ 126
4.5.2 FSK modulation...........................................................................................................135
4.5.2.1 Error model................................................................................................................. 137
4.5.2.2 Estimation................................................................................................................... 138
4.5.2.3 Modulation errors........................................................................................................ 139
4.6 Measurement ranges................................................................................................ 140
4.6.1 Result range................................................................................................................141
4.6.2 Evaluation range......................................................................................................... 143
4.7 Display points vs estimation points per symbol....................................................145
4.8 Capture buffer display.............................................................................................. 146
4.9 Known data files - dependencies and restrictions................................................ 148
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4.10 Known data from PRBS generators........................................................................ 149
4.11 Multi-modulation analysis (R&S FSMR3-K70M).....................................................151
4.12 I/Q data import and export....................................................................................... 157
5 Configuration......................................................................................158
5.1 Configuration overview............................................................................................ 158
5.2 Configuration according to digital standards........................................................ 162
5.3 Signal description..................................................................................................... 163
5.3.1 Modulation...................................................................................................................164
5.3.2 Signal structure........................................................................................................... 167
5.3.3 Frame structure...........................................................................................................170
5.3.3.1 General frame structure settings.................................................................................171
5.3.3.2 Frame configuration.................................................................................................... 173
Contents
5.3.4 Known data................................................................................................................. 178
5.4 Input, output and frontend settings.........................................................................180
5.4.1 Input settings...............................................................................................................181
5.4.1.1 Radio frequency input................................................................................................. 181
5.4.1.2 Settings for input from I/Q data files............................................................................183
5.4.2 Output settings............................................................................................................ 184
5.4.2.1 General output configuration.......................................................................................184
5.4.2.2 DC power output configuration....................................................................................187
5.4.2.3 Signal source output configuration..............................................................................187
5.4.2.4 How to output a trigger signal..................................................................................... 187
5.4.3 Frequency settings......................................................................................................188
5.4.4 Amplitude and vertical axis configuration....................................................................189
5.4.4.1 Amplitude settings.......................................................................................................189
5.4.4.2 Scaling........................................................................................................................ 193
5.4.4.3 Units............................................................................................................................ 197
5.5 Signal capture........................................................................................................... 197
5.5.1 Data acquisition...........................................................................................................198
5.5.2 Trigger settings............................................................................................................200
5.5.3 Sweep settings............................................................................................................203
5.6 Burst and pattern configuration.............................................................................. 206
5.6.1 Burst search................................................................................................................ 206
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5.6.2 Pattern search.............................................................................................................208
5.6.3 Pattern configuration................................................................................................... 210
5.6.4 Pattern definition......................................................................................................... 213
5.7 Result range configuration...................................................................................... 216
5.8 Demodulation settings............................................................................................. 218
5.8.1 Demodulation - compensation and equalizer..............................................................218
5.8.2 Advanced demodulation (synchronization)................................................................. 222
5.9 Measurement filter settings..................................................................................... 226
5.10 Evaluation range configuration............................................................................... 227
5.11 Adjusting settings automatically.............................................................................229
5.12 Restoring factory settings for vector signal analysis........................................... 231
6 Analysis.............................................................................................. 232
Contents
6.1 Trace settings............................................................................................................232
6.2 Trace export settings................................................................................................236
6.3 Markers...................................................................................................................... 237
6.3.1 Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 237
6.3.2 Marker search settings................................................................................................239
6.3.3 Marker positioning functions....................................................................................... 241
6.4 Limit and display lines..............................................................................................242
6.4.1 Display lines for eye diagrams.................................................................................... 242
6.4.2 Modulation accuracy limit lines................................................................................... 243
6.5 Display and window configuration..........................................................................246
6.5.1 Result window configuration....................................................................................... 246
7 I/Q data import and export................................................................ 250
8 How to perform vector signal analysis............................................ 251
8.1 How to perform VSA according to digital standards.............................................251
8.2 How to perform customized VSA measurements.................................................. 253
8.2.1 How to define the result range.................................................................................... 254
8.2.2 How to select user-defined filters................................................................................ 255
8.2.3 How to perform pattern searches................................................................................256
8.2.3.1 How to assign patterns to a standard..........................................................................257
8.2.3.2 How to define a new pattern....................................................................................... 257
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8.2.3.3 How to manage patterns............................................................................................. 260
8.2.4 How to work with known data files.............................................................................. 261
8.2.4.1 How to load known data files...................................................................................... 262
8.2.4.2 How to create known data files................................................................................... 262
8.2.5 How to work with PRBS as known data...................................................................... 264
8.3 How to analyze the measured data......................................................................... 265
8.3.1 How to change the display scaling..............................................................................266
8.3.1.1 How to scale time and spectrum diagrams................................................................. 266
8.3.1.2 How to scale statistics diagrams................................................................................. 267
8.3.2 How to measure the size of an eye.............................................................................269
8.3.3 How to check limits for modulation accuracy.............................................................. 270
8.3.4 How to export the trace data to a file.......................................................................... 271
Contents
9 Measurement examples.....................................................................272
9.1 Connecting the transmitter and analyzer............................................................... 272
9.2 Measurement example 1: continuous QPSK signal.............................................. 273
9.2.1 Transmitter settings.....................................................................................................273
9.2.2 Analyzer settings.........................................................................................................274
9.2.3 Changing the display configuration............................................................................. 275
9.2.4 Navigating through the capture buffer.........................................................................276
9.2.5 Averaging several evaluations.................................................................................... 277
9.3 Measurement example 2: burst GSM EDGE signals..............................................278
9.3.1 Transmitter settings.....................................................................................................278
9.3.2 Analyzer settings.........................................................................................................280
9.3.3 Navigating through the capture buffer.........................................................................281
9.3.4 Evaluating the rising and falling edges........................................................................282
9.3.5 Setting the evaluation range....................................................................................... 283
9.3.6 Comparing the measurement signal to the reference signal.......................................284
10 Troubleshooting the measurement.................................................. 286
10.1 Flow chart for troubleshooting................................................................................ 286
10.2 Explanation of status bar messages.......................................................................288
10.3 Frequently asked questions.....................................................................................296
10.3.1 Issues with graphical results....................................................................................... 297
10.3.2 Issues with numeric results......................................................................................... 301
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10.3.3 Synchronization and demodulation problems............................................................. 306
11 Remote commands for VSA..............................................................308
11.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 308
11.1.1 Conventions used in descriptions............................................................................... 309
11.1.2 Long and short form.................................................................................................... 310
11.1.3 Numeric suffixes..........................................................................................................310
11.1.4 Optional keywords.......................................................................................................310
11.1.5 Alternative keywords................................................................................................... 311
11.1.6 SCPI parameters.........................................................................................................311
11.1.6.1 Numeric values............................................................................................................311
11.1.6.2 Boolean....................................................................................................................... 312
11.1.6.3 Character data............................................................................................................ 312
Contents
11.1.6.4 Character strings.........................................................................................................313
11.1.6.5 Block data................................................................................................................... 313
11.2 Common suffixes......................................................................................................313
11.3 Activating vector signal analysis............................................................................ 313
11.4 Digital standards.......................................................................................................317
11.5 Configuring VSA....................................................................................................... 319
11.5.1 Signal description........................................................................................................319
11.5.1.1 Modulation...................................................................................................................320
11.5.1.2 Signal structure........................................................................................................... 328
11.5.1.3 Frame structure...........................................................................................................331
11.5.1.4 Known data................................................................................................................. 342
11.5.2 Input, output and frontend settings..............................................................................346
11.5.2.1 RF input.......................................................................................................................346
11.5.2.2 Configuring file input................................................................................................... 350
11.5.2.3 Output settings............................................................................................................ 350
11.5.2.4 Configuring the trigger output......................................................................................351
11.5.2.5 Frequency................................................................................................................... 354
11.5.2.6 Amplitude settings.......................................................................................................355
11.5.2.7 Scaling and units.........................................................................................................359
11.5.3 Signal capture............................................................................................................. 365
11.5.4 Triggering measurements........................................................................................... 368
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11.5.5 Configuring sweeps.....................................................................................................372
11.5.6 Configuring bursts and patterns.................................................................................. 374
11.5.6.1 Burst search................................................................................................................ 374
11.5.6.2 Pattern searches......................................................................................................... 376
11.5.6.3 Configuring patterns....................................................................................................378
11.5.7 Defining the result range............................................................................................. 381
11.5.8 Demodulation settings.................................................................................................384
11.5.9 Measurement filter settings......................................................................................... 393
11.5.10 Defining the evaluation range..................................................................................... 395
11.5.11 Adjusting settings automatically.................................................................................. 396
11.6 Performing a measurement......................................................................................399
11.7 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 403
11.7.1 Configuring traces....................................................................................................... 403
Contents
11.7.2 Working with markers..................................................................................................407
11.7.2.1 Individual marker settings........................................................................................... 407
11.7.2.2 Marker search and positioning settings.......................................................................412
11.7.3 Configuring display lines for eye diagrams................................................................. 419
11.7.4 Configuring modulation accuracy limit lines................................................................ 423
11.7.4.1 General commands.....................................................................................................424
11.7.4.2 Defining limits..............................................................................................................424
11.8 Configuring the result display................................................................................. 429
11.8.1 General window commands........................................................................................429
11.8.2 Working with windows in the display...........................................................................431
11.8.3 VSA window configuration.......................................................................................... 437
11.9 Retrieving results......................................................................................................445
11.9.1 Retrieving trace data and marker values.................................................................... 445
11.9.2 Measurement results for TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n>.........................................451
11.9.2.1 Capture buffer results..................................................................................................451
11.9.2.2 Cartesian diagrams..................................................................................................... 451
11.9.2.3 Polar diagrams............................................................................................................ 452
11.9.2.4 Symbols...................................................................................................................... 452
11.9.2.5 Result summary.......................................................................................................... 452
11.9.2.6 Equalizer..................................................................................................................... 453
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11.9.2.7 Multi source.................................................................................................................453
11.9.3 Retrieving general burst and pattern information........................................................ 453
11.9.4 Retrieving parameter values....................................................................................... 458
11.9.5 Retrieving limit check results.......................................................................................473
11.10 Importing and exporting I/Q data and results........................................................ 475
11.11 Status reporting system........................................................................................... 476
11.11.1 STATus:QUEStionable:SYNC<n> register..................................................................479
11.11.2 STATus:QUEStionable:MODulation<n> register.........................................................479
11.11.3 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:EVM register............................................... 479
11.11.4 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:PHASe register........................................... 480
11.11.5 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:MAGnitude register.....................................480
11.11.6 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:CFRequency register..................................481
11.11.7 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:IQRHO register........................................... 481
Contents
11.11.8 STATus:QUESTionable:MODulation<n>:FSK register................................................482
11.11.9 Querying the status registers...................................................................................... 482
11.12 Deprecated commands.............................................................................................487
11.13 Programming examples........................................................................................... 488
11.13.1 Measurement example 1: user-defined measurement of continuous QPSK signal....489
11.13.2 Measurement example 2: GSM EDGE burst measurement based on a digital standard
.................................................................................................................................... 490
11.13.3 Measurement example 3: user-defined pattern search and limit check......................493
Annex.................................................................................................. 496
A Abbreviations..................................................................................... 496
B Predefined standards and settings.................................................. 497
C Predefined measurement and tx filters............................................506
C.1 Transmit filters.......................................................................................................... 506
C.2 Measurement filters.................................................................................................. 507
C.3 Typical combinations of tx and measurement filters.............................................508
D ASCII file export format for VSA data...............................................509
E Known data file syntax description..................................................511
F Formulae.............................................................................................513
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F.1 Trace-based evaluations.......................................................................................... 513
F.2 Result summary evaluations................................................................................... 515
F.2.1 PSK, QAM and MSK modulation................................................................................ 515
F.2.2 FSK modulation...........................................................................................................517
F.3 Statistical evaluations for the result summary...................................................... 518
F.4 Trace averaging.........................................................................................................518
F.5 Analytically calculated filters................................................................................... 519
F.6 Standard-specific filters........................................................................................... 520
F.6.1 Transmit filter...............................................................................................................520
F.6.2 Measurement filter...................................................................................................... 520
F.6.2.1 EDGE measurement filters......................................................................................... 520
F.6.2.2 Low-isi filters............................................................................................................... 523
Contents
List of Remote Commands (VSA).....................................................527
Index....................................................................................................538
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1 Documentation overview
1.1 Getting started manual
Documentation overview
Service manual
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSMR3 user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSMR3 product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FSMR3000.html/
Introduces the R&S FSMR3 and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
1.2 User manuals and help
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages.
●
Firmware application manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSMR3 is
not included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSMR3. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
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1.4 Instrument security procedures
1.5 Printed safety instructions
1.6 Data sheets and brochures
Documentation overview
Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSMR3 in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSMR3. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/FSMR3000/
1.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/FSMR3000/
1.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/FSMR3000/
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2 Welcome to the R&S FSMR3000 VSA
Welcome to the R&S FSMR3000 VSA application
application
The R&S FSMR3-K70 is a firmware application that adds functionality to perform vector signal analysis (VSA) to the R&S FSMR3.
The R&S FSMR3000 VSA application performs vector and scalar measurements on
digitally modulated single-carrier signals. To perform the measurements, it converts RF
signals into the complex baseband.
The R&S FSMR3000 VSA application features:
●
Flexible modulation analysis from MSK to 1024QAM
●
Numerous standard-specific default settings
●
Various graphical, numerical and statistical evaluations and result displays
●
Spectrum analyses of the measurement and error signal
●
Flexible burst search for the analysis of complex signal combinations, short bursts
or signal mix
Availability of Vector Signal Analysis
The Vector Signal Analysis application becomes available when you equip the
R&S FSMR3 with the optional Spectrum Analyzer hardware (R&S FSMR3-B1) and
firmware application R&S FSMR3-K70.
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
General R&S FSMR3 functions
The application-independent functions for general tasks on the R&S FSMR3 are also
available for VSA measurements and are described in the R&S FSMR3 user manual.
In particular, this comprises the following functionality:
●
Data management
●
General software preferences and information
The latest version is available for download at the product homepage
Additional information
Several application notes discussing vector signal analysis using the R&S FSMR3000
VSA application are available from the Rohde & Schwarz website:
1EF93: Modulation Accuracy Measurements of DVB-S2 and DVB-S2X Signals
1EF55: EVM Measurements for ZigBee signals in the 2.4 GHz band
1MA171: How to use Rohde & Schwarz Instruments in MATLAB
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2.1 Introduction to vector signal analysis
Welcome to the R&S FSMR3000 VSA application
Introduction to vector signal analysis
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the R&S FSMR3 Getting Started manual or in the Release Notes.
● Introduction to vector signal analysis...................................................................... 16
● Starting the VSA application................................................................................... 17
● Understanding the display information....................................................................17
The goal of vector signal analysis is to determine the quality of the signal that is transmitted by the device under test (DUT) by comparing it against an ideal signal. The DUT
is usually connected with the analyzer via a cable. The key task of the analyzer is to
determine the ideal signal. Hence, the analyzer aims to reconstruct the ideal signal
from the measured signal that is transmitted by the DUT. This ideal signal is commonly
referred to as the reference signal, while the signal from the DUT is called the mea-
surement signal.
After extracting the reference signal, the R&S FSMR3000 VSA application compares
the measurement signal and the reference signal, and the results of this comparison
are displayed.
Example:
The most common vector signal analysis measurement is the EVM ("Error Vector Magnitude") measurement. Here, the complex baseband reference signal is subtracted
from the complex baseband measurement signal. The magnitude of this error vector
represents the EVM value. The EVM has the advantage that it "summarizes" all potential errors and distortions in one single value. If the EVM value is low, the signal quality
of the DUT is high.
Figure 2-1: Simplified schema of vector signal analysis
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2.2 Starting the VSA application
Welcome to the R&S FSMR3000 VSA application
Understanding the display information
The VSA application adds a new application to the R&S FSMR3.
To activate the VSA application
1. Select the [MODE] key.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FSMR3.
2. Select the "VSA" item.
The R&S FSMR3 opens a new measurement channel for the VSA application.
The measurement is started immediately with the default settings. It can be configured
in the VSA "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the "Overview"
softkey from any menu (see Chapter 5.1, "Configuration overview", on page 158).
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application.
The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the available memory on the instrument.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a
Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
are updated in the tabs (as well as the "MultiView") as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function, see the R&S FSMR3 User Manual.
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
2.3 Understanding the display information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following
sections.
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Welcome to the R&S FSMR3000 VSA application
Understanding the display information
1
2
3
4
5
1 = Channel bar for firmware and measurement settings
2 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
3 = Diagram area
4 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on measurement application
5 = Instrument status bar with error messages, progress bar and date/time display
Channel bar information
In VSA application, the R&S FSMR3 shows the following settings:
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in VSA application
Ref Level Reference level
Offset Reference level offset (if not 0)
Cap Len Capture Length (instead of result length for "Capture Buffer" display), see
"Capture Length Settings" on page 198
Std/Mod Selected measurement standard or, if no standard selected, modulation
type or loaded user-defined modulation file
Res Len Result Length
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Freq Center frequency for the RF signal
SR Symbol Rate
Tx filter Transmit filter, see "Transmit Filter Type" on page 167
Res Rng # Number of the selected result range for burst signals, see Chapter 4.6.1,
"Result range", on page 141
Count Statistics count for averaging and other statistical operations, see "Statis-
tic Count" on page 205; cannot be edited directly
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Welcome to the R&S FSMR3000 VSA application
Understanding the display information
Input Input type of the signal source
See Chapter 5.4.1, "Input settings", on page 181
Burst Burst search active (see "Enabling Burst Searches" on page 207)
Pattern Pattern search active (see "Enabling Pattern Searches" on page 209)
Equalizer "Equalizer" active (see "State" on page 221 )
SGL The sweep is set to single sweep mode.
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect
the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display
of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement.
For details see the R&S FSMR3 Getting Started manual.
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
5
1 2
Figure 2-2: Window title bar information in VSA application
1 = Window name
2 = Result type
3 = Data source type
4 = Trace color
5 = Trace number
6 = Displayed signal for Meas&Ref or multi data source: "M" (Meas), "R" (Ref), "C" (Capture buffer), "E"
(Error)
7 = Trace mode
3
4
6 7
Diagram area
The diagram area displays the results according to the selected result displays (see
Chapter 3, "Measurements and result displays", on page 20).
Diagram footer information
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the start and stop symbols or time
of the evaluation range.
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
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3 Measurements and result displays
3.1 Evaluation data sources in VSA
Measurements and result displays
Evaluation data sources in VSA
Various different result displays for VSA measurements are available. Which result
types are available depends on the selected data source. You can define which part of
the measured signal is to be evaluated and displayed.
The determined result and evaluation ranges are included in the result displays (where
useful) to visualize the basis of the displayed values and traces.
For background information on the result and evaluation ranges, see Chapter 4.6,
"Measurement ranges", on page 140.)
● Evaluation data sources in VSA..............................................................................20
● Result types in VSA................................................................................................ 24
● Predefined display configuration.............................................................................66
● Common parameters in VSA.................................................................................. 67
All data sources for evaluation available for VSA are displayed in the evaluation bar in
SmartGrid mode.
The data source determines which result types are available (see Table 3-1). For
details on selecting the data source for evaluation, see Chapter 6.5, "Display and win-
dow configuration", on page 246.
In diagrams in the frequency domain (Spectrum transformation, see "Result Type
Transformation" on page 247) the usable I/Q bandwidth is indicated by vertical blue
lines.
Capture Buffer...............................................................................................................21
Measurement & Reference Signal................................................................................ 21
Symbols........................................................................................................................ 22
Error Vector...................................................................................................................22
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Measurements and result displays
Evaluation data sources in VSA
Modulation Errors..........................................................................................................22
Modulation Accuracy.....................................................................................................23
Equalizer....................................................................................................................... 23
Multi Source.................................................................................................................. 24
Capture Buffer
Displays the captured I/Q data.
In "Capture Buffer" result diagrams, the result ranges are indicated by green bars along
the time axis. The currently displayed result range is indicated by a blue bar.
Figure 3-1: Result ranges for a burst signal
Note: You can use the "Capture Buffer" display to navigate through the available result
ranges (using Select Result Rng function), and analyze the individual result ranges in
separate windows.
Once the sweep has stopped, you can change the position of the result range quickly
and easily. Drag the blue bar representing the result range to a different position in the
"Capture Buffer".
The default result type is "Magnitude Absolute".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.21, "Magnitude absolute", on page 47
●
Chapter 3.2.22, "Magnitude overview (capture buffer)", on page 49
●
Chapter 3.2.28, "Real/imag (I/Q)", on page 55
●
Chapter 3.2.11, "Frequency absolute", on page 38
●
Chapter 3.2.34, "Vector I/Q", on page 64
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,TCAP(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431)
Measurement & Reference Signal
The measurement signal or the ideal reference signal (or both)
The default result type is "Magnitude Relative".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.21, "Magnitude absolute", on page 47
●
Chapter 3.2.23, "Magnitude relative", on page 50
●
Chapter 3.2.26, "Phase wrap", on page 53
●
Chapter 3.2.27, "Phase unwrap", on page 54
●
Chapter 3.2.11, "Frequency absolute", on page 38
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Measurements and result displays
Evaluation data sources in VSA
●
Chapter 3.2.12, "Frequency relative", on page 39
●
Chapter 3.2.28, "Real/imag (I/Q)", on page 55
●
Chapter 3.2.10, "Eye diagram real (I)", on page 37
●
Chapter 3.2.9, "Eye diagram imag (Q)", on page 35
●
Chapter 3.2.8, "Eye diagram frequency", on page 34
●
Chapter 3.2.5, "Constellation I/Q", on page 30
●
Chapter 3.2.34, "Vector I/Q", on page 64
●
Chapter 3.2.4, "Constellation frequency", on page 30
●
Chapter 3.2.33, "Vector frequency", on page 63
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,REF(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431)
Symbols
The detected symbols (i.e. the detected bits) displayed in a table.
The default result type is a hexadecimal symbol table.
Other formats for the symbol table are available, but no other result types (see Chap-
ter 3.2.32, "Symbol table", on page 62).
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL, SYMB(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431)
Error Vector
The modulated difference between the complex measurement signal and the complex
reference signal:
Modulation (measurement signal - reference signal)
For example: EVM = Mag(meas - ref)
The default result type is "EVM".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.7, "Error vector magnitude (EVM)", on page 33
●
Chapter 3.2.28, "Real/imag (I/Q)", on page 55
●
Chapter 3.2.34, "Vector I/Q", on page 64
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,EVEC(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431)
Modulation Errors
The difference between the modulated complex samples in the measurement and the
modulated reference signal:
Modulation (measurement signal) - Modulation (reference signal)
For example: Magnitude Error = Mag(meas) - Mag(ref)
The default result type is "Magnitude Error".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.21, "Magnitude absolute", on page 47
●
Chapter 3.2.25, "Phase error", on page 52
●
Chapter 3.2.13, "Frequency error absolute", on page 40
●
Chapter 3.2.14, "Frequency error relative", on page 42
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Measurements and result displays
Evaluation data sources in VSA
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,MERR(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431)
Modulation Accuracy
Parameters that characterize the accuracy of modulation.
The default result type is "Result Summary".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.29, "Result summary", on page 56
●
Chapter 3.2.1, "Bit error rate (BER)", on page 26
The results of a "modulation accuracy" measurement can be checked for violation of
defined limits automatically. If limit check is activated and the measured values exceed
the limits, those values are indicated in red in the "Result Summary" table. If limit check
is activated and no values exceed the limits, the checked values are indicated in green.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,MACC(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431)
Equalizer
Filter characteristics of the "equalizer" used to compensate for channel distortion and
parameters of the distortion itself.
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.18, "Impulse response magnitude", on page 45
●
Chapter 3.2.19, "Impulse response phase", on page 46
●
Chapter 3.2.20, "Impulse response real/imag", on page 47
●
Chapter 3.2.16, "Frequency response magnitude", on page 44
●
Chapter 3.2.17, "Frequency response phase", on page 44
●
Chapter 3.2.15, "Frequency response group delay", on page 43
●
Chapter 3.2.3, "Channel frequency response magnitude", on page 29
●
Chapter 3.2.2, "Channel frequency response group delay", on page 28
The default result type is "Frequency Response Magnitude".
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,EQU(see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431)
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3.2 Result types in VSA
Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
Multi Source
Combines two data sources in one diagram, with (initially) one trace for each data
source. This display allows you to compare the errors to the captured or measured
data directly in the diagram.
Furthermore, for carrier-in-carrier measurements, this data source makes both carriers
visible.
The default result type is "Spec (Meas+Error)".
The following result types are available:
●
Chapter 3.2.30, "Spectrum (capture buffer + error)", on page 59
●
Chapter 3.2.31, "Spectrum (measurement + error)", on page 61
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,MCOM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431
The available result types for a window depend on the selected evaluation data source.
The SCPI parameters in the following table refer to the CALC:FORM command, see
CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 440.
Table 3-1: Available result types depending on data source
Evaluation data
source
"Capture Buffer" "Magnitude Absolute"
"Capture Buffer" "Magnitude Overview Absolute"
"Meas & Ref Signal" "Magnitude Absolute"
Result type SCPI parameter
MAGNitude
(selected capture buffer section)
"Real/Imag (I/Q)"
"Frequency Absolute"
"Vector I/Q"
(entire capture buffer)
"Magnitude Relative"
"Phase Wrap"
"Phase Unwrap"
"Frequency Absolute"
RIMag
FREQuency
COMP
MOVerview
MAGNitude
MAGNitude
PHASe
UPHase
FREQuency
"Frequency Relative"
"Real/Imag (I/Q)"
"Eye Diagram Real (I)"
"Eye Diagram Imag (Q)"
FREQuency
RIMag
IEYE
QEYE
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Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
Evaluation data
source
"Symbols" "Binary" -
"Error Vector" "EVM"
"Modulation Errors" "Magnitude Error"
Result type SCPI parameter
"Eye Diagram Frequency"
"Constellation I/Q"
"Constellation I/Q (Rotated)"
"Vector I/Q"
"Constellation Frequency"
"Vector Frequency"
"Octal" -
"Decimal" -
"Hexadecimal" -
"Real/Imag (I/Q)"
"Vector I/Q"
"Phase Error"
FEYE
CONS
RCON
COMP
CONF
COVF
MAGNitude
RIMag
COMP
MAGNitude
PHASe
"Frequency Error Absolute"
"Frequency Error Relative"
"Modulation Accuracy"
"Equalizer" "Impulse Response Magnitude"
"Multi Source" "Spectrum (Real/Imag) (Capture buf-
"Bit Error Rate"
"Result Summary"
"Impulse Response Phase"
"Impulse Response Real/Imag"
"Frequency Response Magnitude"
"Frequency Response Phase"
"Frequency Response Group Delay"
"Channel Frequency Response Magnitude"
"Channel Frequency Response
Group Delay"
fer + Error)"
"Spectrum (Real/Imag) (Measurement
+ Error)"
FREQuency
FREQuency
BERate
RSUM
MAGNitude
UPHase
RIMag
MAGNitude
UPHase
GDELay
MAGNitude
GDELay
RIMag (query only)
RIMag (query only)
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Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
For details on selecting the data source and result types for evaluation, see Chap-
ter 6.5, "Display and window configuration", on page 246.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 440
● Bit error rate (BER)................................................................................................. 26
● Channel frequency response group delay.............................................................. 28
● Channel frequency response magnitude................................................................ 29
● Constellation frequency...........................................................................................30
● Constellation I/Q......................................................................................................30
● Constellation I/Q (rotated).......................................................................................32
● Error vector magnitude (EVM)................................................................................ 33
● Eye diagram frequency........................................................................................... 34
● Eye diagram imag (Q).............................................................................................35
● Eye diagram real (I).................................................................................................37
● Frequency absolute.................................................................................................38
● Frequency relative...................................................................................................39
● Frequency error absolute........................................................................................40
● Frequency error relative..........................................................................................42
● Frequency response group delay............................................................................43
● Frequency response magnitude..............................................................................44
● Frequency response phase.....................................................................................44
● Impulse response magnitude..................................................................................45
● Impulse response phase.........................................................................................46
● Impulse response real/imag....................................................................................47
● Magnitude absolute.................................................................................................47
● Magnitude overview (capture buffer).......................................................................49
● Magnitude relative...................................................................................................50
● Magnitude error.......................................................................................................51
● Phase error............................................................................................................. 52
● Phase wrap............................................................................................................. 53
● Phase unwrap......................................................................................................... 54
● Real/imag (I/Q)........................................................................................................55
● Result summary...................................................................................................... 56
● Spectrum (capture buffer + error)........................................................................... 59
● Spectrum (measurement + error)............................................................................61
● Symbol table........................................................................................................... 62
● Vector frequency.....................................................................................................63
● Vector I/Q................................................................................................................64
3.2.1 Bit error rate (BER)
A bit error rate (BER) measurement compares the transmitted bits with the determined
symbol decision bits:
BER = error bits / number of analyzed bits
As a prerequisite for this measurement, the VSA application must know which bit
sequences are correct, i.e. which bit sequences can occur. This knowledge must be
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Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
provided as a list of possible data sequences in xml format, which is loaded in the VSA
application (see Chapter 4.9, "Known data files - dependencies and restrictions",
on page 148).
Auxiliary tool to create known data files
An auxiliary tool to create known data files from data that is already available in the
R&S FSMR3000 VSA application is provided with the instrument free of charge.
See Chapter 8.2.4.2, "How to create known data files", on page 262.
Alternatively, for data generated by a pseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) generator,
you can specify the algorithm used to generate the data, so the R&S FSMR3000 VSA
application knows which sequences can occur. This function requires the R&S FSMR3K70P option. See Chapter 4.10, "Known data from PRBS generators", on page 149.
If known data is specified in the application, the BER result display is available for the
following source types:
●
"Modulation Accuracy"
Note that this measurement can take some time, as each symbol decision must be
compared to the possible data sequences one by one.
The BER measurement is an indicator for the quality of the demodulated signal. High
BER values indicate problems such as:
●
Inadequate demodulation settings
●
Poor quality in the source data
●
False or missing sequences in the known data file
●
Result range alignment leads to a mismatch of the input data with the defined
sequences
A BER value of 0.5 means that for at least one measurement no matching sequence
was found.
See also Chapter 4.4.3, "Demodulation and symbol decisions", on page 116 and the
application sheet R&S®FSW-K70 Measuring the BER and the EVM for Signals with
Low SNR on the Rohde & Schwarz Internet site.
The following information is provided in the "Bit Error Rate" result display:
●
"Bit Error Rate": error bits / number of analyzed bits
●
"Total # of Errors": number of detected bit errors (known data compared to symbol
decisions)
●
"Total # of Bits": number of analyzed bits
For each of these results, the following values are provided:
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Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
BER result Description
Current Value for current result range
Minimum Minimum "Current" value during the current measurement
Maximum Maximum "Current" value during the current measurement
Accumulative Total value over several measurements;
For BER: "Total # of Errors" / "Total # of Bits" (similar to average function)
Remote commands:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,MACC
To define the required source type (see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431).
CALC:FORM BER
To define the result type (see CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 440).
CALC:BER?
To query the results (see CALCulate<n>:BERate? on page 459).
3.2.2 Channel frequency response group delay
The frequency response group delay of the channel is the derivation of phase over frequency for the original input signal. It is a measure of phase distortion.
Remote commands:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,EQU
To define the required source type (see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431).
CALC:FEED 'XFR:DDEM:IRAT'
To define the channel frequency response result type (see CALCulate<n>:FEED
on page 439).
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3.2.3 Channel frequency response magnitude
Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
CALC:FORM GDEL
To define the group delay result type (see CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 440).
TRAC:DATA? TRACE1
To query the trace results (see TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n> and Chap-
ter 11.9.2.6, "Equalizer", on page 453).
The frequency response magnitude of the channel indicates which distortions occurred
during transmission of the input signal. It is only determined if the equalizer is activated.
The bandwidth for which the channel transfer function can be estimated is not only limited by the usable I/Q bandwidth, but also by the bandwidth of the analyzed input signal. Areas with low reception power, e.g. at the filter edges, can suffer from less accurate estimation results.
Remote commands:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,EQU
To define the required source type (see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431).
CALC:FEED 'XFR:DDEM:IRAT'
To define the channel frequency response result type (see CALCulate<n>:FEED
on page 439).
CALC:FORM MAGN
To define the magnitude result type (see CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 440).
TRAC:DATA? TRACE1
To query the trace results (see TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n> and Chap-
ter 11.9.2.6, "Equalizer", on page 453).
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3.2.4 Constellation frequency
Measurements and result displays
Result types in VSA
Depending on the modulation type,, the source signal (without inter-symbol interference) as an X/Y plot; only the symbol decision instants are drawn and not connected.
Available for source types:
●
"Meas & Ref Signal"
Figure 3-2: Constellation Frequency result display
A special density trace mode is available for this diagram. The occurrence of each
value within the current result range or evaluation range is indicated by color.
Remote commands:
LAY:ADD? '1',BEL,MEAS
To define the required source type (see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 431)
CALC:FORM CONF
To define the result type (see CALCulate<n>:FORMat on page 440)
TRAC:DATA? TRACE1
To query the trace results (see TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n> and Chap-
ter 11.9.2.3, "Polar diagrams", on page 452)
3.2.5 Constellation I/Q
The complex source signal (without inter-symbol interference) as an X/Y plot; only the
(de-rotated) symbol decision instants are drawn and not connected
Available for source types:
●
"Meas & Ref Signal"
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