R&S®FSMR3-K40
Phase Noise Measurements
User Manual
(;Ý]R2)
1179453402
Version 02
This document describes the following R&S®FSMR3000 models:
●
R&S®FSMR3008 (1345.4004K08)
●
R&S®FSMR3026 (1345.4004K26)
●
R&S®FSMR3050 (1345.4004K50)
The contents of this manual correspond to firmware version 1.10 and higher.
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S FSMR3-K40 (1345.3620.02)
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1179.4534.02 | Version 02 | R&S®FSMR3-K40
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®FSMR3 is indicated as
R&S FSMR3.
R&S®FSMR3-K40
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 7
1.1 About this manual.........................................................................................................7
1.2 Documentation overview..............................................................................................8
1.2.1 Getting started manual....................................................................................................8
1.2.2 User manuals and help................................................................................................... 8
1.2.3 Service manual............................................................................................................... 8
1.2.4 Instrument security procedures.......................................................................................9
1.2.5 Printed safety instructions............................................................................................... 9
1.2.6 Data sheets and brochures............................................................................................. 9
1.2.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA).............................................. 9
1.2.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc...................................................9
Contents
Contents
1.3 Conventions used in the documentation....................................................................9
1.3.1 Typographical conventions..............................................................................................9
1.3.2 Conventions for procedure descriptions........................................................................10
1.3.3 Notes on screenshots................................................................................................... 10
2 Welcome to the phase noise measurement application...................11
2.1 Starting the application.............................................................................................. 11
2.2 Understanding the display information.................................................................... 12
3 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 16
4 Measurement basics............................................................................24
4.1 Spurs and spur removal............................................................................................. 24
4.2 Residual effects...........................................................................................................25
4.3 Measurement range.................................................................................................... 26
4.4 Sweep modes.............................................................................................................. 27
4.5 Trace averaging...........................................................................................................27
4.5.1 Half decade averaging.................................................................................................. 28
4.5.2 Sweep count................................................................................................................. 28
4.5.3 Trace smoothing............................................................................................................28
4.6 Frequency determination........................................................................................... 29
4.7 Level determination.................................................................................................... 32
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4.8 Signal attenuation....................................................................................................... 32
4.9 Using limit lines...........................................................................................................33
4.10 Analyzing several traces - trace mode......................................................................35
4.11 Using markers............................................................................................................. 37
4.11.1 Marker types................................................................................................................. 37
4.11.2 Activating markers.........................................................................................................37
5 Configuration........................................................................................38
5.1 Configuration overview.............................................................................................. 38
5.2 Default settings for phase noise measurements..................................................... 40
5.3 Configuring the frontend............................................................................................40
5.4 Controlling the measurement.................................................................................... 42
5.5 Configuring the measurement range........................................................................ 46
Contents
5.6 Performing measurements.........................................................................................49
5.7 Configuring in- and outputs.......................................................................................51
5.7.1 Input source configuration.............................................................................................51
5.8 Automatic measurement configuration.................................................................... 52
6 Analysis................................................................................................ 53
6.1 Configuring graphical result displays.......................................................................53
6.1.1 Scaling the diagram...................................................................................................... 53
6.1.2 Configuring traces......................................................................................................... 55
6.1.3 Trace/data ex/import..................................................................................................... 57
6.1.4 Trace math.................................................................................................................... 60
6.2 Configure numerical result displays......................................................................... 60
6.2.1 Configuring residual noise measurements....................................................................61
6.2.2 Configuring spot noise measurements..........................................................................62
6.3 Using limit lines...........................................................................................................63
6.3.1 Using phase noise limit lines.........................................................................................64
6.3.2 Selecting standard limit lines.........................................................................................65
6.3.3 Creating and editing standard limit lines....................................................................... 68
6.4 Using markers............................................................................................................. 70
7 How to configure phase noise measurements..................................74
7.1 Performing a basic phase noise measurement........................................................74
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7.2 Customizing the measurement range....................................................................... 74
8 Remote control commands for phase noise measurements...........76
8.1 Common suffixes........................................................................................................ 76
8.2 Introduction................................................................................................................. 77
8.2.1 Conventions used in descriptions................................................................................. 77
8.2.2 Long and short form...................................................................................................... 78
8.2.3 Numeric suffixes............................................................................................................78
8.2.4 Optional keywords.........................................................................................................79
8.2.5 Alternative keywords..................................................................................................... 79
8.2.6 SCPI parameters...........................................................................................................79
8.2.6.1 Numeric values............................................................................................................. 80
8.2.6.2 Boolean......................................................................................................................... 80
Contents
8.2.6.3 Character data.............................................................................................................. 81
8.2.6.4 Character strings...........................................................................................................81
8.2.6.5 Block data..................................................................................................................... 81
8.3 Controlling the phase noise measurement channel................................................81
8.4 Performing measurements.........................................................................................85
8.5 Configuring the result display................................................................................... 89
8.5.1 General window commands..........................................................................................90
8.5.2 Working with windows in the display.............................................................................90
8.6 Configuring the frontend............................................................................................97
8.7 Controlling the measurement.................................................................................... 99
8.8 Configuring the measurement range...................................................................... 103
8.9 Using limit lines.........................................................................................................110
8.9.1 Using phase noise limit lines....................................................................................... 110
8.9.2 Using standard limit lines.............................................................................................113
8.9.3 Creating and editing standard limit lines......................................................................117
8.10 Graphical display of phase noise results............................................................... 121
8.11 Configure numerical result displays.......................................................................133
8.11.1 Configuring residual noise measurements..................................................................133
8.11.2 Reading out residual noise results.............................................................................. 136
8.11.3 Configuring spot noise measurements........................................................................138
8.11.4 Reading out the spur list............................................................................................. 142
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8.11.5 Reading out measured values.................................................................................... 143
8.11.6 Reading out the sweep result list................................................................................ 143
8.12 Using markers........................................................................................................... 147
8.12.1 Using markers............................................................................................................. 147
8.12.2 Using delta markers.................................................................................................... 149
8.12.3 Configuring markers....................................................................................................151
8.12.4 Using the marker zoom............................................................................................... 152
8.13 Configuring in- and outputs.....................................................................................153
8.14 Automatic measurement configuration.................................................................. 155
8.15 Using the status register.......................................................................................... 156
8.15.1 Status registers for phase noise measurements.........................................................156
8.15.1.1 STATus:QUEStionable register................................................................................... 158
8.15.1.2 STATus:QUEStionable:POWer register...................................................................... 158
Contents
8.15.1.3 STATus:QUEStionable:LIMit register.......................................................................... 159
8.15.1.4 STATus:QUEStionable:PNOise register......................................................................159
8.15.1.5 Status register remote commands.............................................................................. 160
8.16 Remote control example scripts..............................................................................162
8.16.1 Performing a basic phase noise measurement...........................................................162
8.16.2 Configuring the measurement range...........................................................................163
8.16.3 Scaling the display...................................................................................................... 164
8.16.4 Configuring numerical results......................................................................................165
8.16.5 Using limit lines........................................................................................................... 166
8.16.6 Using markers............................................................................................................. 167
List of Commands (Phase Noise)..................................................... 168
Index....................................................................................................173
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1 Preface
1.1 About this manual
Preface
About this manual
This User Manual provides all the information specific to the application. All general
instrument functions and settings common to all applications and operating modes are
described in the main R&S FSMR3 User Manual.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the Phase Noise Application
Introduction to and getting familiar with the application
●
Typical applications
Example measurement scenarios in which the application is frequently used.
●
Measurements and Result Displays
Details on supported measurements and their result types
●
Phase Noise Measurement Basics
Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the measurement
●
Phase Noise Measurement Configuration + Analysis
A concise description of all functions and settings available to configure measurements and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command
●
How to Perform Measurements with the Phase Noise Application
The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step-by-step instructions
for more complex tasks or alternative methods
●
Measurement Examples
Detailed measurement examples to guide you through typical measurement scenarios and allow you to try out the application immediately
●
Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement
Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the test setup
●
Remote Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Remote commands required to configure and perform phase noise measurements
in a remote environment, sorted by tasks
(Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks on the
instrument are provided in the main R&S FSMR3 User Manual)
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes
●
Annex
Reference material
●
List of remote commands
Alphabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
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1.2 Documentation overview
1.2.1 Getting started manual
1.2.2 User manuals and help
Preface
Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S FSMR3 user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S FSMR3 product page at:
Introduces the R&S FSMR3 and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Firmware application manual
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S FSMR3 is
not included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S FSMR3. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
1.2.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for registered users on the global Rohde & Schwarz
information system (GLORIS):
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1.2.4 Instrument security procedures
1.2.5 Printed safety instructions
1.2.6 Data sheets and brochures
Preface
Conventions used in the documentation
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S FSMR3 in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
Provides safety information in many languages. The printed document is delivered with
the product.
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S FSMR3. It also lists the
firmware applications and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
1.2.7 Release notes and open-source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open-source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
1.2.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
1.3 Conventions used in the documentation
1.3.1 Typographical conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
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Preface
Conventions used in the documentation
Convention Description
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
1.3.2 Conventions for procedure descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to perform the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is described.
Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an additionally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or
the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating procedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a keyboard.
1.3.3 Notes on screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
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2 Welcome to the phase noise measurement
Welcome to the phase noise measurement application
Starting the application
application
The R&S FSMR3-K40 is a firmware application that adds functionality to measure the
phase noise characteristics of a device under test with the R&S FSMR3 signal analyzer.
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum application and are described in the R&S FSMR3 User Manual. The latest versions of the
manuals are available for download at the product homepage.
Installation
Find detailed installing instructions in the Getting Started or the release notes of the
R&S FSMR3.
● Starting the application............................................................................................11
● Understanding the display information....................................................................12
2.1 Starting the application
The phase noise measurement application adds a new type of measurement to the
R&S FSMR3.
To activate the Phase Noise application
1. Select the [MODE] key.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FSMR3.
2. Select the "Phase Noise" item.
The R&S FSMR3 opens a new measurement channel for the Phase Noise application.
All settings specific to phase noise measurements are in their default state.
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you enter an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application.
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2.2 Understanding the display information
Welcome to the phase noise measurement application
Understanding the display information
The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the available memory on the instrument.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
are updated in the tabs (as well as the "MultiView") as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FSMR3 User Manual.
The following figure shows the display as it looks for phase noise measurements. All
different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
Figure 2-1: Screen layout of the phase noise measurement application
1 = Channel bar
2+3 = Diagram header
4 = Result display
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Welcome to the phase noise measurement application
Understanding the display information
5 = Measurement status
6 = Diagram footer
7 = Status bar
For a description of the elements not described below, please refer to the Getting Started of the R&S FSMR3.
Measurement status
The application shows the progress of the measurement in a series of green bars at
the bottom of the diagram area. For each half decade in the measurement, the application adds a bar that spans the frequency range of the corresponding half decade.
The bar has several features.
●
The numbers within the green bar show the progress of the measurement(s) in the
half decade the application currently works on.
The first number is the current, the second number the total count of measurements for that half decade. The last number is the time the measurement requires.
●
A double-click on the bar opens an input field to define the number of averages for
that half decade.
●
A right-click on the bar opens a context menu.
The context menu provides easy access to various parameters (resolution bandwidth, sweep mode etc.) that define the measurement characteristics for a half
decade. The values in parentheses are the currently selected values. For more
information on the available parameters see "Half Decades Configuration Table"
on page 49.
Channel bar information
The channel bar contains information about the current measurement setup, progress
and results.
Figure 2-2: Channel bar of the phase noise application
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Welcome to the phase noise measurement application
Understanding the display information
Frequency Frequency the R&S FSMR3 has been tuned to.
The frontend frequency is the expected frequency of the carrier. When frequency tracking or verification is on, the application might adjust the frontend
frequency.
Ref Level & Att Reference level (first value) and attenuation (second value) of the
R&S FSMR3.
When level tracking or verification is on, the application might adjust the fron-
tend level.
Measurement Complete phase noise measurement range. For more information see Chap-
ter 4.3, "Measurement range", on page 26.
Measured Level DUT level that has been actually measured.
The measured level might differ from the frontend level, e.g. if you are using
level verification.
Initial Delta Difference between the nominal level and the first level that has been mea-
sured.
Drift Difference between the 1st level that has been measured and the level that
has been measured last.
In continuous sweep mode, the drift is the difference between the 1st level that
has been measured in the 1st sweep and the level that has been measured
last.
Measured Frequency DUT frequency that has been actually measured.
The measured frequency might differ from the frontend frequency, e.g. if you
are using level verification.
Initial Delta Difference between the nominal frequency and the first frequency that has
been measured.
Drift Difference between the 1st frequency that has been measured and the fre-
quency that has been measured last.
In continuous sweep mode, the drift is the difference between the 1st fre-
quency that has been measured in the 1st sweep and the frequency that has
been measured last.
SGL [#/#] Sweep mode (single or continuous). If you use trace averaging, it also shows
the current measurement number out of the total number of measurements.
The following two figures show the relations between the frequency and level errors.
initial
offset
frequency
drift
f
meas_3
front
f
meas_2
f
Figure 2-3: Frequency errors
f
= initial frequency set on the frontend
front
f
= actual frequency that has been measured
meas_x
f
meas_1
f
meas_4
f
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Welcome to the phase noise measurement application
Understanding the display information
P
P
meas_2
P
front
P
meas_1
P
meas_3
initial
offset
level drift
Figure 2-4: Level errors
P
= reference level if tracking = off
front
P
= initial reference level if tracking = on
front
P
= becomes reference level after first sweep if tracking = on
meas_1
P
= becomes reference level after second sweep if tracking = on
meas_2
P
= becomes reference level after third sweep if tracking = on
meas_3
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
Figure 2-5: Window title bar information of the phase noise application
1 = Window number
2 = Window type
3 = Trace color and number
4 = Trace mode
5 = Smoothing state and degree
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
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3 Measurements and result displays
Measurements and result displays
Access:
The Phase Noise application measures the phase noise of a single sideband of a carrier.
It features several result displays. Result displays are different representations of the
measurement results. They may be diagrams that show the results in a graphic way or
tables that show the results in a numeric way.
In the default state of the application, only the graphical display of phase noise results
is active.
Phase Noise Diagram................................................................................................... 16
Residual Noise..............................................................................................................17
Spot Noise.....................................................................................................................18
Spur List........................................................................................................................19
Sweep Result List......................................................................................................... 20
Spectrum Monitor..........................................................................................................21
Frequency Drift..............................................................................................................22
Frequency and Level Stability.......................................................................................22
Reference Measurement...............................................................................................23
Phase Noise Diagram
The phase noise diagram shows the power level of the phase noise over a variable frequency offset from the carrier frequency.
Measurement range
The unit of both axes in the diagram is fix. The x-axis always shows the offset frequencies in relation to the carrier frequency on a logarithmic scale in Hz. It always has a
logarithmic scale to make sure of an equal representation of offsets near and far away
from the carrier. The range of offsets that the x-axis shows is variable and depends on
the measurement range you have defined and the scope of the x-axis that you have
set.
For more information on the measurement range see Chapter 4.3, "Measurement
range", on page 26.
If the measurement range you have set is necessary, but you need a better resolution
of the results, you can limit the displayed result by changing the x-axis scope. The
scope works like a zoom to get a better view of the trace at various points. It does not
start a new measurement or alter the current measurements results in any way.
The y-axis always shows the phase noise power level contained in a 1 Hz bandwidth in
relation to the level of the carrier. The unit for this information is dBc/Hz and is also fix.
Y-axis scale
The scale of the y-axis is variable. Usually it is best to use the automatic scaling that
the application provides, because it makes sure that the whole trace is always visible.
You can, however, also customize the range, the minimum and the maximum values
on the y-axis by changing the y-axis scale.
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Measurements and result displays
The measurement results are displayed as traces in the diagram area. Up to six active
traces at any time are possible. Each of those may have a different setup and thus
show different aspects of the measurement results.
In the default state, the application shows two traces. A yellow one and a blue one.
Both result from the same measurement data, but have been evaluated differently. On
the first trace, smoothing has been applied, the second one shows the raw data.
For more information on trace smoothing see Chapter 4.5, "Trace averaging",
on page 27.
Figure 3-1: Overview of the phase noise result display
The figure above shows a phase noise curve with typical characteristics. Frequency
offsets near the carrier usually have higher phase noise levels than those further away
from the carrier. The curve has a falling slope until the thermal noise of the DUT has
been reached. From this point on, it is more or less a straight horizontal line.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 132
Residual Noise
The residual noise display summarizes the residual noise results in a table.
For more information on the residual noise results see Chapter 4.2, "Residual effects",
on page 25.
The table consists of up to four rows with each row representing a different integration
interval. Each row basically contains the same information with the exception that the
first row always shows the results for the first trace and the other rows with custom
integration ranges the results for any one trace.
The residual noise information is made up out of several values.
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Measurements and result displays
Type Shows the number of the trace that is integrated (T[x]).
Start / Stop Offset Shows the start and stop offset of the integration interval.
Int. PHN Shows the Integrated Phase Noise.
The integral is calculated over the frequency range defined by the Start and Stop
Offset values.
PM Shows the Residual PM result in degrees and rad.
FM Shows the Residual FM results in Hz.
Jitter Shows the Jitter in seconds.
For more information on residual noise see Chapter 4.2, "Residual effects",
on page 25.
Remote command:
Querying Residual PM:
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RPM? on page 138
Querying Residual FM:
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RFM? on page 137
Querying Jitter:
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RMS? on page 138
Querying Integrated Phase Noise
Querying user ranges:
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RFM? on page 137
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RMS? on page 138
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RPM? on page 138
Spot Noise
Spot noise is the phase noise at a particular frequency offset (or spot) that is part of the
measurement range. It is thus like a fixed marker.
The unit of spot noise results is dBc/Hz. The application shows the results in a table.
The table consists of a variable number of 10x frequencies (depending on the measurement range), and a maximum of five user frequencies, with each row containing
the spot noise information for a particular frequency offset.
The spot noise information is made up out of several variables.
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Measurements and result displays
Type Shows where the spot noise offset frequency comes from. By default, the applica-
tion evaluates the spot noise for the first offset frequency of a decade only (10x Hz,
beginning at 1 kHz). However, you can add up to five customized offsets frequencies that you want to know the phase noise for. If you want to use more custom
offsets, you can add another spot noise table.
The "User" label indicates a custom offset frequency.
Offset Frequency Shows the offset frequency the spot noise is evaluated for. You may add any offset
that is part of the measurement range.
The number in brackets (T<x>) indicates the trace the result refers to.
Phase Noise Shows the phase noise for the corresponding offset frequency.
The number in brackets (T<x>) indicates the trace the result refers to.
Note that the spot noise results are calculated for a particular trace only. You can select
the trace by tapping on the trace LED in the header of the result display.
Remote command:
Querying spot noise results on 10x offset frequencies:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades:X on page 139
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades:Y on page 140
Querying custom spot noise results:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:Y on page 141
Trace selection: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:SELect on page 141
Spur List
Spurs are peak levels at one or more offset frequencies and are caused mostly by
interfering signals. The application shows the location of all detected spurs in a table.
The table consists of a variable number of rows. For each detected spur, the table
shows several results.
Number Shows the spur number. Spurs are sorted by their frequency, beginning with
the spur with the lowest frequency.
Offset Frequency Shows the position (offset frequency) of the spur.
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Measurements and result displays
Power Shows the power level of the spur in dBc.
Jitter Shows the jitter value of the spur in s.
In addition to the jitter for each spur, the result display also shows the Discrete Jitter and the Random Jitter at the end of the table.
●
The Discrete Jitter is the RMS value of all individual jitter values.
●
The Random Jitter is the difference of the overall jitter (as shown in the
Residual Noise result display) and the Discrete Jitter.
The result is an RMS value: RandomJitter2 = Jitter2 - DiscreteJitter
For more information see Chapter 4.1, "Spurs and spur removal", on page 24.
Remote command:
FETCh:PNOise<t>:SPURs? on page 142
FETCh:PNOise<t>:SPURs:DISCrete? on page 142
FETCh:PNOise<t>:SPURs:RANDom? on page 142
Sweep Result List
The sweep result list summarizes the results of the phase noise measurement.
2
The table consists of several rows with each row representing a half decade. The number of rows depends on the number of half decades analyzed during the measurement.
The sweep results are made up out of several values.
●
Results in a red font indicate that the frequency drift is so large that the frequency
has drifted into the range of a higher half decade. The result is therefore invalid.
●
Results in a green font indicate the half decade that is currently measured.
Start / Stop Shows the start and stop offset of the half decade.
Sampling Rate Shows the sample rate used in the corresponding half decade.
AVG Shows the number of measurements performed in the half decade to calculate the
average (final) result.
Freq Drift Shows the difference to the initial (nominal) frequency that was measured in the
half decade.
If you perform more than one measurement (averages) in the half decade, the
value is updated for each single measurement. The last value that has been measured in the half decade will remain in the table.
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Measurements and result displays
Max Drift Shows the highest difference to the initial (nominal) frequency that was measured
in the half decade.
Level Drift Shows the difference to the initial (nominal) level that was measured in the half
decade.
If you perform more than one measurement (averages) in the half decade, the
value is updated for each single measurement. The last value that has been measured in the half decade will remain in the table.
Remote command:
Start offset: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:STARt? on page 146
Stop offset: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:STOP? on page 146
Sample rate: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:SRATe? on page 145
Averages: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:AVG? on page 144
Frequency drift:FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:FDRift? on page 144
Max drift: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:MDRift? on page 145
Level drift: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:LDRift? on page 144
Spectrum Monitor
The spectrum monitor shows the spectrum for the half decade that is currently measured.
Span
The span on the x-axis is defined by the start and stop frequency of the half decade
that is currently measured.
Y-axis scale
The scale of the y-axis is automatically determined according to the signal characteristics.
In I/Q mode, the result display contains two traces.
●
The yellow trace ("raw trace") represents the live signal with the actual center frequency currently measured.
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Measurements and result displays
●
The blue trace ("track trace") equalizes frequency drifting signals and thus shows a
stable version of the signal with the intended center frequency.
If necessary, you can turn the traces on and off. For more information see "Spectrum
Monitor: Raw Trace / Trk Trace (On Off)" on page 57.
The green vertical lines indicate the phase noise offset to be measured on in relation to
the displayed center frequency. The position of the two green lines depends on the half
decade that is currently measured and the sample rate you have selected.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 132
Frequency Drift
The frequency drift shows the instantaneous frequency over time for the half decade
that is currently measured.
Time span
The displayed time span on the x-axis is defined by the time it takes to perform a measurement in the half decade that is currently measured. If the measurement time for a
particular half decade is very long (several seconds), the application probably updates
the result display several times. In that case, the application splits the measurement
into several "sub-measurements".
Y-axis scale
The scale of the y-axis is automatically determined according to the sample rate. For a
better resolution, the trace is offset by the first measured frequency value. Thus, the
trace always starts at 0 Hz. The initial correction value is displayed in the diagram as a
numeric result.
To get a better resolution of the time axis, use the zoom function.
Frequency and Level Stability
The stability results show the current level and frequency drift characteristics of the
carrier signal compared to the initial frequency and level. In addition to the numerical
results, the result display also contains a graphical representation of the drift characteristics.
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Measurements and result displays
The result display contains the following results.
●
Carrier Stability
Difference between the 1st frequency that has been measured and the frequency
that has been measured last.
●
Δ to Ref Level
Difference between the 1st level that has been measured and the level that has
been measured last.
The results correspond to the Level Drift and Frequency Drift results displayed in the
channel bar. For more information see "Channel bar information" on page 13
Note that the results are only valid for I/Q FFT measurements (see "Global Sweep
Mode" on page 48).
Reference Measurement
The reference measurement measures the inherent noise figure (DANL) of the
R&S FSMR3.
To determine the inherent noise, you must remove the signal from the input. The application then performs a measurement without the signal. The resulting trace shows the
inherent noise of the R&S FSMR3 only. When you subtract that inherent noise from the
phase noise of the measurement with trace mathematics, you get a trace that shows
the phase noise of the DUT only.
Remote command:
CONFigure:REFMeas on page 86
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4 Measurement basics
Measurement basics
Spurs and spur removal
The measurement basics contain background information on the terminology and principles of phase noise measurements.
Phase noise measurements in general determine the single sideband phase noise
characteristics of a device under test (DUT).
● Spurs and spur removal..........................................................................................24
● Residual effects.......................................................................................................25
● Measurement range................................................................................................26
● Sweep modes......................................................................................................... 27
● Trace averaging...................................................................................................... 27
● Frequency determination........................................................................................ 29
● Level determination.................................................................................................32
● Signal attenuation................................................................................................... 32
● Using limit lines....................................................................................................... 33
● Analyzing several traces - trace mode....................................................................35
● Using markers.........................................................................................................37
4.1 Spurs and spur removal
Most phase noise results contain unwanted spurs. Spurs are peak levels at one or
more offset frequencies and are caused mostly by interfering signals. For some applications, you might want to identify the location of spurs. For other applications, spurs
do not matter in evaluating the results and you might want to remove them from the
trace to get a "smooth" phase noise trace.
Spur display
Usually, spurs are visible on the trace as a peak. In addition, the R&S FSMR3 draws a
straight, vertical line to represent the position of a spur visually. The length of these
lines indicates the level of the spur in dBc and refers to the scale on the right side of
the phase noise diagram.
The lines indicating a spur are not part of the trace data. When you export the trace, for
example, the spur data is not exported.
Spur suppression
The application allows you to (visually) remove spurs from the trace. Spur removal is
based on an algorithm that detects and completely removes the spurs from the trace
and fills the gaps with data that has been determined mathematically.
The spur removal functionality separates the actual spur power from the underlying
phase noise and displays the latter in a two-stage process. The first stage of spur
detection is based on an eigenvalue decomposition during the signal processing.
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[dBc/Hz] noise phase sideband single with
PM Residual
)(
)(2
fL
raddffL
stop
start
f
f
mm
Measurement basics
Residual effects
Spur threshold
During the second stage, the application uses statistical methods to remove a spur. A
spur is detected, if the level of the signal is above a certain threshold. The spur threshold is relative to an imaginary median trace that the application calculates.
If parts of the signal are identified as spurs, the application removes all signal parts
above that level and substitutes them with the median trace.
Figure 4-1: Spur detection and removal principle
4.2 Residual effects
Residual noise effects are modulation products that originate directly from the phase
noise. It is possible to deduct them mathematically from the phase noise of a DUT.
The application calculates three residual noise effects. All calculations are based on an
integration of the phase noise over a particular offset frequency range.
Residual PM
The residual phase modulation is the contribution of the phase noise to the output of a
PM demodulator. It is evaluated over the frequency range you have defined.
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[Hz]frequency
[dBc/Hz] noise phase sideband single with
FM Residual
m
m
f
f
mmm
f
fL
HzdffLf
stop
start
)(
)(2
2
frequency Carrier with
[rad]ResidualPM
Jitter[s]
0
0
2ff
Measurement basics
Measurement range
Residual FM
The residual frequency modulation is the contribution of the phase noise to the output
of an FM demodulator. It is evaluated over the frequency range you have defined.
Jitter
The jitter is the RMS temporal fluctuation of a carrier with the given phase noise evaluated over a given frequency range of interest.
Figure 4-2: Residual noise based on an integration between 10 kHz and 100 kHz offset
4.3 Measurement range
Noise measurements determine the noise characteristics of a DUT over a particular
measurement range. This measurement range is defined by two offset frequencies.
The frequency offsets themselves are relative to the nominal frequency of the DUT.
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Measurement basics
Trace averaging
The measurement range again is divided into several (logarithmic) decades, or, for
configuration purposes, into half decades.
Figure 4-3: Measurement range and half decades
This breakdown into several half decades is made to speed up measurements. You
can configure each half decade separately in the "Half Decade Configuration Table".
For quick, standardized measurements, the application provides several predefined
sweep types or allows you to configure each half decade manually, but globally.
The main issue in this context is the resolution bandwidth (RBW) and its effect on the
measurement time. In general, it is best to use a resolution bandwidth as small as possible for the most accurate measurement results. However, accuracy comes at the
price of measurement speed.
To avoid long measurement times, the application provides only a certain range of
RBWs that are available for each half decade.
4.4 Sweep modes
Sweep modes define the data processing method.
Swept
The application performs a sweep of the frequency spectrum.
I/Q FFT
The application evaluates the I/Q data that has been collected and calculates the trace
based on that data.
4.5 Trace averaging
The application provides several methods of trace averaging that you can use separately or in any combination.
The order in which averaging is performed is as follows.
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Measurement basics
Trace averaging
1. Half decade averaging.
The application measures each half decade a particular number of times before
measuring the next one.
2. Cross-correlation
The application performs a certain number of cross-correlation operations in each
half decade.
3. Sweep count.
The application measures the complete measurement range a particular number of
times.
It again includes half decade averaging as defined.
After the measurement over the sweep count is finished, the application displays
the averaged results.
4. Trace smoothing.
Calculates the moving average for the current trace.
4.5.1 Half decade averaging
Define the number of measurements that the application performs for each half decade
before it displays the averaged results and measures the next half decade.
In combination with the RBW, this is the main factor that affects the measurement time.
Usually, a small number of averages is sufficient for small RBWs, because small RBWs
already provide accurate results, and a high number of averages for high RBWs to get
more balanced results.
4.5.2 Sweep count
The sweep count defines the number of sweeps that the application performs during a
complete measurements.
A sweep in this context is the measurement over the complete measurement range
once. A complete measurement, however, can consist of more than one sweep. In that
case, the application measures until the number of sweeps that have been defined are
done. The measurement configuration stays the same all the time.
In combination with the average trace mode and half decade averaging, the sweep
count averages the trace even more.
4.5.3 Trace smoothing
(Software-based) smoothing is a way to remove anomalies visually in the trace that
can distort the results. The smoothing process is based on a moving average over the
complete measurement range. The number of samples included in the averaging process (the aperture size) is variable and is a percentage of all samples that the trace consists of.
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2
1
2
1
1
'
n
sx
n
sx
xy
n
sy
2
1
2
1
10
10
10
1
log10'
n
sx
n
sx
xy
n
sy
Measurement basics
Frequency determination
Figure 4-4: Sample size included in trace smoothing
The application smoothes the trace only after the measurement has been finished and
the data has been analyzed and written to a trace. Thus, smoothing is just an enhancement of the trace display, not of the data itself. This also means that smoothing is
always applied after any other trace averagings have been done, as these happen during the measurement itself.
You can turn trace smoothing on and off for all traces individually and compare, for
example, the raw and the smooth trace.
Linear smoothing is based on the following algorithm:
Equation 4-1: Linear trace smoothing
Logarithmic smoothing is based on the following algorithm:
Equation 4-2: Logarithmic trace smoothing
y(s) = logarithmic phase noise level
4.6 Frequency determination
Nominal frequency
The nominal frequency is the output or center frequency of the DUT. To get correct and
valid measurement results, the application needs to know the real frequency of the
DUT.
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Measurement basics
Frequency determination
Unverified signals
The R&S FSMR3 tries to start the measurement as soon as you enter the phase noise
application. If it cannot verify a signal, it will try to start the measurement over and over.
To stop the repeated (and probably unsuccessful) signal verification, stop the measurement on the first verification failure.
The available (nominal) frequency range depends on the hardware you are using. For
more information see the datasheet of the R&S FSMR3.
If you are not sure about the nominal frequency, define a tolerance range to verify the
frequency. For measurements on unstable or drifting DUTs, use the frequency tracking
functionality.
Frequency verification
When you are using frequency verification, the application initiates a measurement that
verifies that the frequency of the DUT is within a certain range of the nominal frequency. This measurement takes place before the actual phase noise measurement.
Its purpose is to find strong signals within a frequency tolerance range and, if successful, to adjust the nominal frequency and lock onto that new frequency. The frequency
tolerance is variable. You can define it in absolute or relative terms.
Figure 4-5: Frequency and level tolerance
You can define both absolute and relative tolerances. In that case, the application uses
the higher tolerance to determine the frequency.
If there is no signal within the tolerance range, the application aborts the phase noise
measurement.
In the numerical results, the application always shows the frequency the measurement
was actually performed on. If the measured frequency is not the same as the nominal
frequency, the numerical results also show the deviation from the nominal frequency.
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Measurement basics
Frequency determination
Frequency tracking
When you are using the frequency tracking, the application tracks drifting frequencies
of unstable DUTs. It internally adjusts and keeps a lock on the nominal frequency of the
DUT.
Figure 4-6: Frequency and level tracking
Tracking bandwidth
The tracking bandwidth defines the bandwidth within which the application tracks the
frequency.
Normally, the application adjusts the sample rate to the half decade it is currently measuring. For half decades that are near the carrier, the sample rate is small. Half decades far from the carrier use a higher sample rate. However, in case of drifting signals,
this method may result in data loss because the default bandwidth for a half decade
might be too small for the actual drift in the frequency. In that case, you can define the
tracking bandwidth which increases the sample rate if necessary and thus increases
the chance to capture the signal.
Figure 4-7: Frequency tracking with tracking bandwidth turned off (left) and a tracking bandwidth of
100 Hz (right)
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4.7 Level determination
Measurement basics
Signal attenuation
Nominal level
The nominal level in other terms is the reference level of the R&S FSMR3. This is the
level that the analyzer expects at the RF input.
The available level range depends on the hardware. For more information see the
datasheet of the R&S FSMR3.
Make sure to define a level that is as close to the level of the DUT to get the best
dynamic range for the measurement. At the same time make sure that the signal level
is not higher than the reference level to avoid an overload of the A/D converter and
thus deteriorating measurement results.
If you are not sure about the power level of the DUT, but would still like to use the best
dynamic range and get results that are as accurate as possible, you can verify or track
the level.
Level verification
When you are using the level verification, the application initiates a measurement that
determines the level of the DUT. If the level of the DUT is within a certain tolerance
range, it will adjust the nominal level to that of the DUT. Else, it will abort the phase
noise measurement.
Define a level tolerance in relation to the current nominal level. The tolerance range
works for DUT levels that are above or below the current nominal level.
Level tracking
For tests on DUTs whose level varies, use level tracking. If active, the application
keeps track of the DUTs level during the phase noise measurement and adjusts the
nominal level accordingly.
For a graphical representation of level verification and level tracking see the figures in
Chapter 4.6, "Frequency determination", on page 29.
4.8 Signal attenuation
Attenuation of the signal may become necessary if you have to reduce the power of
the signal that you have applied. Power reduction is necessary, for example, to prevent
an overload of the input mixer. An overload of the input mixer may lead to incorrect
measurement results or damage to the hardware if the signal power is too strong.
In the default state, the application automatically determines the attenuation according
to the reference level. If necessary, you can also define the attenuation manually.
When you attenuate the signal, the application adjusts graphical and numerical results
accordingly.
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Measurement basics
Using limit lines
Because the reference level and attenuation are interdependent, changing the attenuation manually may also adjust the reference level.
RF attenuation
RF attenuation is always available. It is a combination of mechanical and IF attenuation.
The mechanical attenuator is located directly after the RF input of the R&S FSMR3. Its
step size is 5 dB. IF attenuation is applied after the signal has been down-converted.
Its step size is 1 dB.
Thus, the step size for RF attenuation as a whole is 1 dB. Mechanical attenuation is
used whenever possible (attenuation levels that are divisible by 5). IF attenuation handles the 1 dB steps only.
Example:
If you set an attenuation level of 18 dB, 15 dB are mechanical attenuation and 3 dB are
IF attenuation.
If you set an attenuation level of 6 dB, 5 dB are mechanical attenuation and 1 dB is IF
attenuation.
Electronic attenuation
Electronic attenuation is available with R&S FSMR3-B25. You can use it in addition to
mechanical attenuation. The step size of electronic attenuation is 1 dB with attenuation
levels not divisible by 5 again handled by the IF attenuator. Compared to RF attenuation, you can define the amount of mechanical and electronic attenuation freely.
4.9 Using limit lines
Limit lines provide an easy way to verify if measurement results are within the limits
you need them to be. As soon as you turn a limit line on, the application will indicate if
the phase noise a trace displays is in line with the limits or if it violates the limits.
The application provides two kinds of limit lines. 'Normal' limit lines as you know them
from the Spectrum application and special thermal limit lines for easy verification of
thermal noise results.
Phase noise limit lines
Phase noise limit lines have been designed specifically for phase noise measurements. Their shape is based on the thermal noise floor of the DUT and the typical run
of the phase noise curve.
The typical slope of the phase noise curve depends on the offset from the DUT frequency. In the white noise range (the noise floor), far away from the carrier, the slope is
more or less 0 dB per frequency decade. In the colored noise segment, the slope is
greater than 0 dB. The slope, however, is not constant in that segment, but again is
typical for various carrier offset segments (or ranges).
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Measurement basics
Using limit lines
The application supports the definition of up to five ranges, each with a different slope.
The ranges themselves are defined by corner frequencies. Corner frequencies are
those frequencies that mark the boundaries of typical curve slopes. If you use all five
ranges, the result would be a limit line with six segments.
All segments have a slope of 10 dB per decade (f-1) by default.
In most cases, these special limit lines will suffice for phase noise measurements as
they represent the typical shape of a phase noise curve.
Figure 4-8: Typical looks of a special limit line
Normal limit lines
Normal limit lines on the other hand may have any shape and may consist of up to 200
data points. You can turn on up to 8 normal limit lines at the same time. Each of those
limit lines can test one or several traces.
If you want to use them for phase noise measurements however, a limit line must be
scaled in the unit dBc/Hz and must be defined on a logarithmic scale on the horizontal
axis.
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4.10 Analyzing several traces - trace mode
Measurement basics
Analyzing several traces - trace mode
Figure 4-9: Possible looks of a normal limit line
If several sweeps are performed one after the other, or continuous sweeps are performed, the trace mode determines how the data for subsequent traces is processed.
After each sweep, the trace mode determines whether:
●
the data is frozen (View)
●
the data is hidden (Blank)
●
the data is replaced by new values (Clear Write)
●
the data is replaced selectively (Max Hold, Min Hold, Average)
Each time the trace mode is changed, the selected trace memory is cleared.
The R&S FSMR3 provides the following trace modes:
Table 4-1: Overview of available trace modes
Trace Mode Description
Blank Hides the selected trace.
Clear Write Overwrite mode: the trace is overwritten by each sweep. This is the default setting.
Max Hold The maximum value is determined over several sweeps and displayed. The
R&S FSMR3 saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is
greater than the previous one.
Min Hold The minimum value is determined from several measurements and displayed. The
R&S FSMR3 saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is
lower than the previous one.
Average The average is formed over several sweeps. The sweep count determines the number
of averaging procedures.
View The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed.
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10
*9 MeasValueTrace
Trace
old
1
1
)(
1
n
i
nin
MeasValueT
n
Trace
Measurement basics
Analyzing several traces - trace mode
If a trace is frozen ("View" mode), the instrument settings, apart from level range and
reference level, can be changed without impact on the displayed trace. The fact that
the displayed trace no longer matches the current instrument setting is indicated by the
icon on the tab label.
If the level range or reference level is changed, the R&S FSMR3 automatically adapts
the trace data to the changed display range. This allows an amplitude zoom to be
made after the measurement in order to show details of the trace.
Trace averaging algorithm
In "Average" trace mode, the sweep count determines how many traces are averaged.
The more traces are averaged, the smoother the trace is likely to become.
The algorithm for averaging traces depends on the sweep mode and sweep count.
●
sweep count = 0 (default)
In continuous sweep mode, a continuous average is calculated for 10 sweeps,
according to the following formula:
Figure 4-10: Equation 1
Due to the weighting between the current trace and the average trace, past values
have practically no influence on the displayed trace after about ten sweeps. With
this setting, signal noise is effectively reduced without need for restarting the averaging process after a change of the signal.
●
sweep count = 1
The currently measured trace is displayed and stored in the trace memory. No
averaging is performed.
●
sweep count > 1
For both "Single Sweep" mode and "Continuous Sweep" mode, averaging takes
place over the selected number of sweeps. In this case the displayed trace is
determined during averaging according to the following formula:
Figure 4-11: Equation 2
where n is the number of the current sweep (n = 2 ... Sweep Count).
No averaging is carried out for the first sweep but the measured value is stored in
the trace memory. With increasing n, the displayed trace is increasingly smoothed
since there are more individual sweeps for averaging.
After the selected number of sweeps the average trace is saved in the trace memory. Until this number of sweeps is reached, a preliminary average is displayed.
When the averaging length defined by the "Sweep Count" is attained, averaging is
continued in continuous sweep mode or for "Continue Single Sweep" according to
the following formula:
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N
MeasValueTraceN
Trace
old
*)1(
4.11 Using markers
Measurement basics
Using markers
where N is the sweep count
Markers are used to mark points on traces, to read out measurement results and to
select a display section quickly. The application provides 4 markers.
By default, the application positions the marker on the lowest level of the trace. You
can change a marker position in several ways.
●
Enter a particular offset frequency in the input field that opens when you activate a
marker.
●
Move the marker around with the rotary knob or the cursor keys.
4.11.1 Marker types
All markers can be used either as normal markers or delta markers. A normal marker
indicates the absolute signal value at the defined position in the diagram. A delta
marker indicates the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker (by
default marker 1).
In addition, special functions can be assigned to the individual markers. The availability
of special marker functions depends on whether the measurement is performed in the
frequency or time domain.
4.11.2 Activating markers
Only active markers are displayed in the diagram and in the marker table. Active markers are indicated by a highlighted softkey.
By default, marker 1 is active and positioned on the maximum value (peak) of trace 1
as a normal marker. If several traces are displayed, the marker is set to the maximum
value of the trace which has the lowest number and is not frozen (View mode). The
next marker to be activated is set to the frequency of the next lower level (next peak)
as a delta marker; its value is indicated as an offset to marker 1.
A marker can only be activated when at least one trace in the corresponding window is
visible. If a trace is switched off, the corresponding markers and marker functions are
also deactivated. If the trace is switched on again, the markers along with coupled
functions are restored to their original positions, provided the markers have not been
used on another trace.
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5 Configuration
Configuration
Configuration overview
Access: [MODE] > "Phase Noise"
When you activate a measurement channel in the Phase Noise application, a measurement for the input signal is started automatically with the default configuration. The
"Phase Noise" menu is displayed and provides access to the most important configuration functions.
For a description see
●
Chapter 5.3, "Configuring the frontend", on page 40
●
Chapter 5.4, "Controlling the measurement", on page 42
●
Chapter 5.5, "Configuring the measurement range", on page 46
●
Chapter 6.3, "Using limit lines", on page 63
●
Chapter 6.1, "Configuring graphical result displays", on page 53
●
Chapter 6.2, "Configure numerical result displays", on page 60
Automatic refresh of preview and visualization in dialog boxes after configuration changes
The R&S FSMR3 supports you in finding the correct measurement settings quickly and
easily - after each change in settings in dialog boxes, the preview and visualization
areas are updated immediately and automatically to reflect the changes. Thus, you can
see if the setting is appropriate or not before accepting the changes.
● Configuration overview............................................................................................38
● Default settings for phase noise measurements.....................................................40
● Configuring the frontend..........................................................................................40
● Controlling the measurement..................................................................................42
● Configuring the measurement range.......................................................................46
● Performing measurements......................................................................................49
● Configuring in- and outputs.....................................................................................51
● Automatic measurement configuration....................................................................52
5.1 Configuration overview
Throughout the measurement channel configuration, an overview of the most important
currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview". The "Overview" is displayed
when you select the "Overview" icon, which is available at the bottom of all softkey
menus.
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Configuration
Configuration overview
In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to
the main settings dialog boxes. The individual configuration steps are displayed in the
order of the data flow. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement channel
from input over processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes
as indicated in the "Overview".
In particular, the "Overview" provides quick access to the following configuration dialog
boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):
1. Frontend
See Chapter 5.3, "Configuring the frontend", on page 40.
2. Measurement Control
See Chapter 5.4, "Controlling the measurement", on page 42.
3. Phase Noise Measurement
See Chapter 5.5, "Configuring the measurement range", on page 46.
4. Limit Analysis
See Chapter 6.3, "Using limit lines", on page 63.
5. Graphical Results
See Chapter 6.1, "Configuring graphical result displays", on page 53.
6. Numerical Results
See Chapter 6.2, "Configure numerical result displays", on page 60.
To configure settings
► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.
Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to
change a specific setting.
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5.2 Default settings for phase noise measurements
Configuration
Configuring the frontend
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to
restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Note: Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the [Preset] key, which restores
the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the
R&S FSMR3 (except for the default channel)!
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 85
When you enter the phase noise application for the first time, a set of parameters is
passed on from the currently active application:
●
nominal or center frequency
●
nominal or reference level
●
input coupling
After initial setup, the parameters for the measurement channel are stored upon exiting
and restored upon re-entering the channel. Thus, you can switch between applications
quickly and easily.
Apart from these settings, the following default settings are activated directly after a
measurement channel has been set to the Phase Noise application, or after a channel
preset:
Table 5-1: Default settings for phase noise measurement channels
Parameter Value
Attenuation Auto (0 dB)
Verify frequency & level On
Frequency & level tracking Off
Measurement range 1 kHz ... 1 MHz
Sweep type Normal
X-axis scaling Measurement range
Y-axis scaling 20 dBc/Hz ... 120 dBc/Hz
Smoothing 1%
Smoothing type Linear
5.3 Configuring the frontend
Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend"
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Configuration
Configuring the frontend
The "Frontend" tab of the "Measurement Settings" dialog box contains all functions
necessary to configure the frontend of the RF measurement hardware.
Functions to configure the RF input described elsewhere:
●
Chapter 5.7.1, "Input source configuration", on page 51
Nominal Frequency.......................................................................................................41
Nominal Level............................................................................................................... 41
Mechanical Attenuator / Value.......................................................................................41
Coupling........................................................................................................................42
Preamplifier...................................................................................................................42
Nominal Frequency
Defines the nominal frequency of the measurement.
For more information see Chapter 4.6, "Frequency determination", on page 29.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer on page 97
Nominal Level
Defines the nominal level of the R&S FSMR3.
For more information see .Chapter 4.7, "Level determination", on page 32
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify[:STATe] on page 102
Mechanical Attenuator / Value
Turns mechanical attenuation on and off.
If on, you can define an attenuation level in 5 dB steps.
For more information see Chapter 4.8, "Signal attenuation", on page 32.
Remote command:
Turning manual attenuation on and off:
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO on page 98
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Configuration
Controlling the measurement
Defining an attenuation level:
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation on page 97
Coupling
Selects the coupling method at the RF input.
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. DC coupling lets DC voltage
through.
For more information refer to the data sheet.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:COUPling on page 153
Preamplifier
If the (optional) internal preamplifier hardware is installed, a preamplifier can be activated for the RF input signal.
You can use a preamplifier to analyze signals from DUTs with low output power.
"Off"
"15 dB"
"30 dB"
For FSMR3050, the input signal is amplified by 30 dB if the preamplifier is activated.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe on page 98
INPut<ip>:GAIN[:VALue] on page 99
Deactivates the preamplifier.
The RF input signal is amplified by about 15 dB.
The RF input signal is amplified by about 30 dB.
5.4 Controlling the measurement
Access: "Overview" > "Measurement Control"
The "Control" tab of the "Measurement Settings" dialog box contains all functions necessary to control the sequence of the phase noise measurement.
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Configuration
Controlling the measurement
Verify Frequency...........................................................................................................43
Verify Level....................................................................................................................44
On Verify Failed.............................................................................................................44
Frequency Tracking.......................................................................................................44
Level Tracking...............................................................................................................44
AM Rejection.................................................................................................................44
Max Freq Drift............................................................................................................... 45
Digital PLL.....................................................................................................................45
Decimation.................................................................................................................... 45
Online I/Q......................................................................................................................45
Verify Frequency
Turns frequency verification on and off.
If frequency verification is on, the R&S FSMR3 initiates the phase noise measurement
only if the frequency of the DUT is within a certain frequency tolerance range. The tolerance range is either a percentage range of the nominal frequency or a absolute deviation from the nominal frequency.
If you define both an absolute and relative tolerance, the application uses the higher
tolerance level.
For more information see Chapter 4.6, "Frequency determination", on page 29.
Remote command:
Verify frequency:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify[:STATe] on page 100
Relative tolerance:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance[:RELative] on page 100
Absolute tolerance:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance:ABSolute on page 100
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Configuration
Controlling the measurement
Verify Level
Turns level verification on and off.
If level verification is on, the R&S FSMR3 initiates the phase noise measurement only
if the level of the DUT is within a certain level tolerance range. The tolerance range is a
level range relative to the nominal level.
For more information see Chapter 4.7, "Level determination", on page 32.
Remote command:
Verify level:
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify[:STATe] on page 102
Level tolerance:
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify:TOLerance on page 102
On Verify Failed
Selects the way the application reacts if signal verification fails.
Takes effect on both frequency and level verification.
"Restart"
"Stop"
"Run Auto All"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:SVFailed on page 103
Restarts the measurement if verification has failed.
Stops the measurement if verification has failed.
Starts an automatic frequency and level detection routine if verifica-
tion has failed. After the new frequency and level have been set, the
measurement restarts. For more information see Chapter 5.8, "Auto-
matic measurement configuration", on page 52.
Frequency Tracking
Turns frequency tracking on and off.
If on, the application tracks the frequency of the DUT during the phase noise measure-
ment and adjusts the nominal frequency accordingly. The application adjusts the frequency after each half decade measurement.
For more information see Chapter 4.6, "Frequency determination", on page 29.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:TRACk on page 100
Level Tracking
Turns level tracking on and off.
If on, the R&S FSMR3 tracks the level of the DUT during phase noise measurements
and adjusts the nominal level accordingly. The application adjusts the level after each
half decade measurement.
For more information see Chapter 4.7, "Level determination", on page 32.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify[:STATe] on page 102
AM Rejection
Turns the suppression of AM noise on and off.
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Configuration
Controlling the measurement
If on, the application suppresses the AM noise that the signal contains in order to display phase noise as pure as possible.
AM rejection is available for the I/Q sweep mode.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]REJect:AM on page 103
Max Freq Drift
Defines the minimum bandwidth or sample rate used in the signal processing to
increase the probability of capture drifting signals.
The tracking bandwidth is valid for all half decades measured in I/Q mode.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:TBW on page 102
Digital PLL
Turns an additional frequency correction based on the I/Q data on and off.
If on, the application is able to track frequency changes during the I/Q data capture that
would otherwise fall into the half decade measurement bandwidth (see Max Freq Drift).
The digital PLL works for all half decades measured in I/Q mode.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:DPLL on page 101
Decimation
Turns decimation on and off.
When you turn on decimation, the samples that have already been used for a given
half decade are resampled in lower half decades. Reusing these samples results in
lower measurement times in the lower half decades, because less samples have to be
recorded there.
To get valid results for lower offset frequencies, make sure to use an appropriate sample rate.
This feature is especially useful when you are measuring half decades with very low
offset frequencies.
Using decimation is available for the "I/Q FFT" sweep mode.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:DECimation on page 101
Online I/Q
Turns the online measurement mode for I/Q measurements on and off.
When you turn the online measurement mode on, the application records smaller
amounts of data at a time. It is thus able to process that data faster, because it does
not have to wait until the I/Q capture buffer is full, before processing the data.. The
result is that the measurement results are updated faster.
This mode is useful to measure the phase noise at small offset frequencies, because
the small bandwidths required to measure these offset frequencies usually lead to long
measurement times (and especially when you apply averaging).
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Configuration
Configuring the measurement range
In the Half Decade Configuration Table, half decades that are measured in online
mode are highlighted in a darker shade of green (compared to the shade of green that
is used to highlight the half decades that are taken into account in the measurement).
Light green = normal I/Q mode
Dark green = online I/Q mode
The online measurement mode is available under the following conditions:
●
Only half decades with a frequency offset smaller than 30 kHz can be measured in
online mode.
●
The half decades that you want to measure in online mode have to be set to "I/Q
FFT" sweep mode.
●
Decimation has to be turned on.
●
Sweep Forward has to be turned off.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:ONLine on page 101
5.5 Configuring the measurement range
Access: "Overview" > "Phase Noise Meas"
The "Phase Noise" tab of the "Measurement Settings" dialog box contains all functions
necessary to configure the measurement range for phase noise measurements, including individual range settings.
Range Start / Stop.........................................................................................................47
Sweep Forward.............................................................................................................47
Presets..........................................................................................................................47
Global RBW.................................................................................................................. 47
Global Average Count...................................................................................................48
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Configuration
Configuring the measurement range
Multiplier........................................................................................................................48
Global Sweep Mode......................................................................................................48
Global I/Q Window........................................................................................................ 48
Half Decades Configuration Table.................................................................................49
Range Start / Stop
Defines the frequency offsets that make up the measurement range.
Note that the maximum offset you can select depends on the hardware you are using.
If a preamplifier is used, make sure the entire frequency range is covered by the pre-
amplifier.
Remote command:
Measurement Range Start
[SENSe:]FREQuency:STARt on page 105
Measurement Range Stop
[SENSe:]FREQuency:STOP on page 105
Sweep Forward
Selects the sweep direction. Forward and reverse sweep direction are available.
Forward sweep direction performs a measurement that begins at the smallest fre-
quency offset you have defined. The measurement ends after the largest offset has
been reached.
Reverse sweep direction performs a measurement that begins at the largest frequency
offset you have defined. The measurement ends after the smallest offset has been
reached. The reverse sweep is the default sweep direction because the application is
able to lock on a drifting carrier frequency in that case.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:FORWard on page 108
Presets
Selects predefined measurement settings for each individual half decade that are used
for the measurement.
If the measurement settings differ from one of the preset states, the application displays a symbol (
"Fast"
"Normal"
"Average"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:MODE on page 109
Global RBW
Defines the resolution bandwidth for all half decades globally.
The resulting RBW is a percentage of the start frequency of the corresponding half
decade.
) at the label.
Fast measurements perform one measurement in each half decade.
No averaging takes place.
Normal measurements use averaging for some half decades, but with
respect to measurement speed.
Average measurements use averaging for all half decades. However,
you have to put up with slower measurement speed.
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Configuration
Configuring the measurement range
If the resulting RBW is not available, the application rounds to the next available bandwidth.
You can also change the global bandwidth with the "RBW Global" softkey in the "Bandwidth" menu.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:BWIDth[:RESolution] on page 106
Global Average Count
Defines the number of measurements that the application uses to calculate averaged
results in each half decade.
The range is 1 to 10000.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt on page 107
Multiplier
Turns a multiplier that changes the average count in each half decade on and off.
If on, you can define a value that multiplies the number of averages currently defined
for each half decade by that value.
When you turn it off, the original averages are restored and used again.
Example:
You have three half decades:
●
1st half decade average count: 1
●
2nd half decade average count: 3
●
3rd half decade average count: 5
If you turn the multiplier on and define a value of 5, the average count changes as follows:
●
1st half decade average count: 5
●
2nd half decade average count: 15
●
3rd half decade average count: 25
Remote command:
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt:MULTiplier on page 108
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt:MULTiplier:STATe on page 108
Global Sweep Mode
Selects the analysis mode for all half decades. The sweep mode defines the way the
application processes the data.
For more information see Chapter 4.4, "Sweep modes", on page 27.
"Normal"
"I/Q / FFT"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]LIST:BWIDth[:RESolution]:TYPE on page 105
Uses spectrum analyzer data for the data analysis.
Uses I/Q data for the data analysis.
Global I/Q Window
Selects the window function for all half decades.
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Configuration
Performing measurements
The window function is available for I/Q analysis.
"Blackman
Harris"
"Chebychev"
"Gaussian"
"Rectangular"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:IQWindow:TYPE on page 107
Half Decades Configuration Table
Contains all functionality to configure the phase noise measurement range.
"Start"
"Stop"
"RBW"
"Sweep Mode"
"AVG"
"Window"
"Meas Time"
Remote command:
RBW:
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:BWIDth[:RESolution] on page 106
Sweep Mode
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:FILTer:TYPE on page 106
Averages:
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:SWEep:COUNt on page 107
Window:
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:IQWindow:TYPE on page 107
Blackman Harris window.
Chebychev window.
Gaussian window.
Rectangular window.
Shows the offset frequency that the half decade starts with.
Shows the offset frequency that the half decade stops with.
Tip: Note that double-clicking on one of the start or stop offset values
is an easy way to adjust the measurement range.
Selects resolution bandwidth for the half decade.
To avoid invalid measurements and long measurement times, the
availability of RBW for each half decade is limited.
Selects the measurement mode. The measurement mode is the way
the application analyzes the data.
●
Swept
●
I/Q / FFT
For more information see Chapter 4.4, "Sweep modes", on page 27.
Defines the number of averagings that the application performs
before the results for a half decade are displayed.
Selects the window type for a half decade.
Window functions are available for I/Q measurements.
Shows an estimation of how long the measurement of a half decade
lasts.
5.6 Performing measurements
Access: [SWEEP]
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Configuration
Performing measurements
The "Sweep" menu contains all functionality necessary to control and perform phase
noise measurements.
Functions to configure the sweep described elsewhere:
●
"Multiplier" on page 48
●
"Global Average Count" on page 48
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont......................................................................................50
Single Sweep / Run Single............................................................................................50
Continue Single Sweep.................................................................................................50
Sweep/Average Count.................................................................................................. 50
Finish Half Decade........................................................................................................51
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont
After triggering, starts the sweep and repeats it continuously until stopped. This is the
default setting.
While the measurement is running, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
CONT] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the
highlighted softkey or key again. The results are not deleted until a new measurement
is started.
Note: Sequencer. Furthermore, the [RUN CONT] key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps. [RUN CONT] starts the Sequencer in continuous mode.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 87
Single Sweep / Run Single
While the measurement is running, the "Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN SINGLE]
key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again.
Note: Sequencer. Furthermore, the [RUN SINGLE] key controls the Sequencer, not
individual sweeps. [RUN SINGLE] starts the Sequencer in single mode.
If the Sequencer is off, only the evaluation for the currently displayed channel is updated.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] on page 87
Continue Single Sweep
After triggering, repeats the number of sweeps set in "Sweep Count", without deleting
the trace of the last measurement.
While the measurement is running, the "Continue Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
SINGLE] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting
the highlighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONMeas on page 86
Sweep/Average Count
Defines the number of sweeps to be performed in the single sweep mode. Values from
0 to 200000 are allowed. If the values 0 or 1 are set, one sweep is performed.
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Configuration
Configuring in- and outputs
The sweep count is applied to all the traces in all diagrams.
If the trace modes "Average", "Max Hold" or "Min Hold" are set, this value also deter-
mines the number of averaging or maximum search procedures.
In continuous sweep mode, if "Sweep Count" = 0 (default), averaging is performed
over 10 sweeps. For "Sweep Count" =1, no averaging, maxhold or minhold operations
are performed.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt on page 109
Finish Half Decade
Aborts the measurement in the current half decade and continues measuring the subsequent half decade.
Averaged results displayed for a half decade finished prematurely are based on the
number of measurements already done.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:FHDecade on page 89
5.7 Configuring in- and outputs
The "In- / Output" menu contains all functionality necessary to control and perform
phase noise measurements.
● Input source configuration.......................................................................................51
5.7.1 Input source configuration
Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend" > "Input Source Config"
The "Radio Frequency" dialog box contains functionality to configure the input source.
Note that the "Radio Frequency (On Off)" button is unavailable in the R&S FSMR3-K40
Coupling........................................................................................................................51
Coupling
Selects the coupling method at the RF input.
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. DC coupling lets DC voltage
through.
For more information refer to the data sheet.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:COUPling on page 153
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5.8 Automatic measurement configuration
Configuration
Automatic measurement configuration
Access: [AUTO SET]
The "Auto Set" menu contains all functionality necessary to determine measurement
parameters automatically.
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically (Auto All)........................................ 52
Adjusting the Center Frequency Automatically (Auto Frequency)................................ 52
Setting the Reference Level Automatically (Auto Level)...............................................52
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically (Auto All)
Activates all automatic adjustment functions for the current measurement settings,
including:
●
Auto Frequency
●
Auto Level
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:ALL on page 155
Adjusting the Center Frequency Automatically (Auto Frequency)
The R&S FSMR3000 adjusts the center frequency automatically.
The optimum center frequency is the frequency with the highest S/N ratio in the fre-
quency span. As this function uses the signal counter, it is intended for use with sinusoidal signals.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:FREQuency on page 155
Setting the Reference Level Automatically (Auto Level)
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at
the R&S FSMR3000 for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators are adjusted. As a result, the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and clipping are minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the
R&S FSMR3000.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation
level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease
the reference level in the same way.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 155
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6 Analysis
6.1 Configuring graphical result displays
Analysis
Configuring graphical result displays
The application provides various means and methods to analyze and evaluate measurement results.
● Configuring graphical result displays...................................................................... 53
● Configure numerical result displays........................................................................ 60
● Using limit lines....................................................................................................... 63
● Using markers.........................................................................................................70
Access: "Overview" > "Graphical Results"
The "Graphical" tab of the "Results" dialog box and the "Trace" menu contains all functions necessary to set up and configure the graphical phase noise result displays.
● Scaling the diagram................................................................................................ 53
● Configuring traces...................................................................................................55
● Trace/data ex/import............................................................................................... 57
● Trace math..............................................................................................................60
6.1.1 Scaling the diagram
X-Axis Scope.................................................................................................................54
X-Axis Start / Stop.........................................................................................................54
Half Decade.................................................................................................................. 54
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Analysis
Configuring graphical result displays
Y Axis Scaling............................................................................................................... 54
Top / Range / Bottom.................................................................................................... 55
Auto Scale Once........................................................................................................... 55
X-Axis Scope
Selects the way the application scales the horizontal axis.
"Half Decade"
"Manual"
"Meas Range"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:X[:SCALe]:SCOPe on page 125
X-Axis Start / Stop
Defines the start and stop frequency of the horizontal axis.
Note that the displayed frequency range is a detail of the measurement range. Regard-
less of the displayed frequency range, the application still performs all measurement
over the measurement range you have defined.
The range depends on the measurement range. and possible increments correspond
to the half decades.
Available for a manual "X Axis Scope".
Remote command:
X-axis start:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:X[:SCALe]:STARt on page 126
X-axis stop:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:X[:SCALe]:STOP on page 126
The horizontal axis shows one half decade that you can select.
The horizontal axis shows a detail of the measurement range that you
can define freely.
The horizontal axis shows the complete measurement range.
Half Decade
Selects the half decade that is displayed.
Available if you have selected the half decade "X Axis Scope".
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:X[:SCALe]:HDECade on page 125
Y Axis Scaling
Selects the type of scaling for the vertical axis.
"Auto"
"Top & Bottom"
"Top & Range"
"Bottom &
Range"
Remote command:
Automatic scaling:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO on page 127
Manual scaling:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MANual on page 127
Automatically scales the vertical axis.
Allows you to set the values at the top and bottom of the vertical axis.
Allows to set the value at the top of the vertical axis and its range.
Allows you to set the value at the bottom of the vertical axis and its
range.
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Analysis
Configuring graphical result displays
Top / Range / Bottom
Define the top and bottom values or the range of the vertical axis.
Top defines the top values of the vertical axis. The unit is dBm/Hz.
Bottom defines the bottom value of the vertical axis. The unit is dBm/Hz.
Range defines the range of the vertical axis. The unit is dB.
The availability of the three fields depends on the type of manual "Y Axis Scaling" you
have selected.
Remote command:
Top:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel on page 128
Range:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe] on page 126
Bottom:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:LOWer on page 128
Auto Scale Once
Automatically scales the vertical axis for ideal viewing.
6.1.2 Configuring traces
Trace Offset...................................................................................................................55
Trace 1/Trace 2/Trace 3/Trace 4/Trace 5/Trace 6.........................................................55
Trace Mode...................................................................................................................56
Smoothing.....................................................................................................................56
Spur Removal / Spur Threshold....................................................................................56
Predefined Trace Settings - Quick Config.....................................................................56
Spectrum Monitor: Raw Trace / Trk Trace (On Off).......................................................57
Copy Trace....................................................................................................................57
Trace Offset
Access: "Overview" > "Graphical Results" > "Graphical" tab
Defines a trace offset in dB.
The trace offset moves the trace vertically by the level you have defined.
The range is from -200 dB to 200 dB.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:OFFSet on page 129
Trace 1/Trace 2/Trace 3/Trace 4/Trace 5/Trace 6
Selects the corresponding trace for configuration. The currently selected trace is highlighted.
Remote command:
Selected via numeric suffix of:TRACe<1...6> commands
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>[:STATe] on page 124
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Analysis
Configuring graphical result displays
Trace Mode
Defines the update mode for subsequent traces.
"Clear/ Write"
"Max Hold"
Overwrite mode (default): the trace is overwritten by each sweep.
The maximum value is determined over several sweeps and dis-
played. The R&S FSMR3 saves each trace point in the trace memory
only if the new value is greater than the previous one.
"Min Hold"
The minimum value is determined from several measurements and
displayed. The R&S FSMR3 saves each trace point in the trace memory only if the new value is lower than the previous one.
"Average"
"View"
"Blank"
The average is formed over several sweeps.
The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed.
Removes the selected trace from the display.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:MODE on page 122
Smoothing
If enabled, the trace is smoothed by the specified value (between 1 % and 50 %). The
smoothing value is defined as a percentage of the display width. The larger the
smoothing value, the greater the smoothing effect.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:SMOothing[:STATe]
on page 123
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:SMOothing:APERture
on page 123
Spur Removal / Spur Threshold
Turns spur removal for all traces on and off and defines the threshold for spur removal.
For more information see Chapter 4.1, "Spurs and spur removal", on page 24.
Note that you can also remove spurs for individual traces in the "Trace Config" dialog
box.
Remote command:
Turn spur suppression on and off:
[SENSe:]SPURs:SUPPress on page 132
Set the threshold:
[SENSe:]SPURs:THReshold on page 132
Predefined Trace Settings - Quick Config
Commonly required trace settings have been predefined and can be applied very
quickly by selecting the appropriate button.
Function Trace Settings
Preset All Traces Trace 1: Clear Write
Set Trace Mode
Max | Avg | Min
Trace 1: Max Hold
Blank
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Analysis
Configuring graphical result displays
Function Trace Settings
Trace 2: Average
Trace 3: Min Hold
Set Trace Mode
Max | ClrWrite | Min
Trace 1: Max Hold
Trace 2: Clear Write
Trace 3: Min Hold
Blank
Blank
Spectrum Monitor: Raw Trace / Trk Trace (On Off)
Access: [TRACE] key for selected Spectrum Monitor window
Turns the traces displayed in the Spectrum Monitor result display on and off.
The "Raw Trace (On Off)" softkey controls the yellow trace.
The "Trk Trace (On Off)" softkey controls the blue trace.
Copy Trace
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Traces" > "Copy Trace"
Or: [TRACE] > "Copy Trace"
Copies trace data to another trace.
The first group of buttons (labeled "Trace 1" to "Trace 6") selects the source trace. The
second group of buttons (labeled "Copy to Trace 1" to "Copy to Tace 6") selects the
destination.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>:COPY on page 132
6.1.3 Trace/data ex/import
Access: [TRACE] > "Trace Config" > "Trace / Data Export"
The R&S FSMR3 provides various evaluation methods for the results of the performed
measurements. However, you may want to evaluate the data with other, external applications. In this case, you can export the measurement data to a standard ASCII format
file (DAT or CSV). You can also import existing trace data from a file, for example as a
reference trace (Spectrum application only).
The standard data management functions (e.g. saving or loading instrument settings)
that are available for all R&S FSMR3 applications are not described here.
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Configuring graphical result displays
Export all Traces and all Table Results.........................................................................58
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings................................................................ 58
Trace to Export..............................................................................................................58
Decimal Separator........................................................................................................ 58
X-Value Distribution.......................................................................................................59
Export Trace to ASCII File.............................................................................................59
Importing Traces........................................................................................................... 59
└ Import All Traces/Import to Trace....................................................................59
└ Import ASCII File to Trace...............................................................................59
└ File Explorer..........................................................................................60
Export all Traces and all Table Results
Selects all displayed traces and result tables (e.g. "Result Summary", marker table
etc.) in the current application for export to an ASCII file.
Alternatively, you can select one specific trace only for export (see Trace to Export).
The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window
by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:TRACes on page 130
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings
Includes additional instrument and measurement settings in the header of the export
file for result data.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:HEADer on page 129
Trace to Export
Defines an individual trace to be exported to a file.
This setting is not available if Export all Traces and all Table Results is selected.
Decimal Separator
Defines the decimal separator for floating-point numerals for the data export/import
files. Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages.
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Configuring graphical result displays
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator on page 129
X-Value Distribution
Defines how the x-values of the trace are determined in the frequency domain.
"Bin-Centered"
"Start/Stop"
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:XDIStrib on page 130
Export Trace to ASCII File
Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected trace in ASCII format (.dat)
to the specified file and directory.
The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window
by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row.
Remote command:
MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe on page 131
The full measurement span is divided by the number of sweep points
to obtain bins. The x-value of the sweep point is defined as the xvalue at the center of the bin (bin/2).
(Default): The x-value of the first sweep point corresponds to the
starting point of the full measurement span. The x-value of the last
sweep point corresponds to the end point of the full measurement
span. All other sweep points are divided evenly between the first and
last points.
Importing Traces
Trace data that was stored during a previous measurement can be imported to the
Spectrum application, for example as a reference trace.
Import All Traces/Import to Trace ← Importing Traces
If the import file contains more than one trace, you can import several traces at once,
overwriting the existing trace data for any active trace in the result display with the
same trace number. Data from the import file for currently not active traces is not
imported.
Alternatively, you can import a single trace only, which is displayed for the trace number specified in "Import to Trace". This list contains all currently active traces in the
result display. If a trace with the specified number exists in the import file, that trace is
imported. Otherwise, the first trace in the file is imported (indicated by a message in
the status bar).
Remote command:
FORMat:DIMPort:TRACes on page 130
Import ASCII File to Trace ← Importing Traces
Loads one trace or all traces from the selected file in the selected ASCII format (.DAT
or .CSV) to the currently active result display.
Remote command:
FORMat:DIMPort:TRACes on page 130
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6.1.4 Trace math
Analysis
Configure numerical result displays
File Explorer ← Import ASCII File to Trace ← Importing Traces
Opens the Microsoft Windows File Explorer.
Remote command:
not supported
Access: [TRACE] > "Trace Math"
If you have several traces with different modes, for example an average trace and a
maximum trace, it may be of interest to compare the results of both traces. In this
example, you could analyze the maximum difference between the average and maximum values. To analyze the span of result values, you could subtract the minimum
trace from the maximum trace. For such tasks, the results from several traces can be
combined using mathematical functions.
Trace Math Function..................................................................................................... 60
Trace Math Off.............................................................................................................. 60
Trace Math Function
Defines which trace is subtracted from trace 1. The result is displayed in trace 1.
"T1-T3->T1" Subtracts trace 3 from trace 1
T2-T3->T2 Subtracts trace 3 from trace 2
To switch off the trace math, use the Trace Math Off button.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MATH<t>[:EXPRession][:DEFine] on page 121
CALCulate<n>:MATH<t>:STATe on page 122
Trace Math Off
Deactivates any previously selected trace math functions.
Remote command:
CALC:MATH:STAT OFF, see CALCulate<n>:MATH<t>:STATe on page 122
6.2 Configure numerical result displays
Access: "Overview" > "Numerical Results"
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Analysis
Configure numerical result displays
The "Numerical" tab of the "Results" dialog box contains all functions necessary to set
up and configure the numerical phase noise result displays.
6.2.1 Configuring residual noise measurements
Meas Range..................................................................................................................61
User Range...................................................................................................................62
Meas Range
Turns the integration of the entire measurement range for residual noise calculations
on and off.
The range defined here is applied to all traces.
"Meas"
The application calculates the residual noise over the entire measurement range.
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Analysis
Configure numerical result displays
"Manual"
Remote command:
Turn customized range on and off:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation[:STATe] on page 134
Define start point of custom range:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation:STARt on page 133
Define end point of custom range:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation:USER<range>:STOP on page 135
User Range
Defines a custom range for residual noise calculations. You have to assign a user
range to a particular trace.
In the default state, user ranges are inactive. "None" is selected in the dropdown
menu. If you assign the user range to a trace by selecting one of the traces from the
dropdown menu, the input fields next to the trace selection become active. In these
fields, you can define a start and stop offset frequency.
Remote command:
Selecting a trace:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation:USER<range>:TRACe on page 135
Define start frequency of user range:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation:STARt on page 133
Define stop frequency of user range:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation:USER<range>:STOP on page 135
The application calculates the residual noise over a customized
range.
The input fields become available to define a customized integration
range. The application shows two red lines ("EL1" and "EL2") in the
graphical result display to indicate the custom range.
6.2.2 Configuring spot noise measurements
Sort by Frequency.........................................................................................................62
On All Decade Edges....................................................................................................62
On User Defined Offsets / Offset Frequency.................................................................63
Sort by Frequency
If enabled, the spot noise result table is sorted in ascending order of the offset frequency from the carrier.
On All Decade Edges
Turns the calculation of spot noise on all 10x offset frequencies on and off.
Remote command:
Turn on and off spot noise calculation on 10x offset frequencies:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades[:STATe] on page 139
Querying spot noise results on 10x offset frequencies:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades:X on page 139
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades:Y on page 140
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6.3 Using limit lines
Analysis
Using limit lines
On User Defined Offsets / Offset Frequency
Turns custom spot noise frequencies on and off.
If on, the "Offset Frequency" input fields become available. You can measure the spot
noise for up to five custom offset frequencies. If active, the application adds those
spots to the spot noise table.
Remote command:
Turning spot noise marker on and off:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades[:STATe] on page 139
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:AOFF on page 138
Positioning spot noise markers:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:X on page 140
Querying custom spot noise results:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:Y on page 141
Access: "Overview" > "Limit Analysis"
The "Limits" tab of the "Results" dialog box contains all functions necessary to set up
and configure limit lines.
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Analysis
Using limit lines
6.3.1 Using phase noise limit lines
Phase Noise Limit Line................................................................................................. 64
Selected Traces............................................................................................................ 64
Noise Floor....................................................................................................................65
Range x - Range y........................................................................................................ 65
Copy to User Limit Line.................................................................................................65
Phase Noise Limit Line
Selects the shape of the phase noise limit line.
For more information see Chapter 4.9, "Using limit lines", on page 33.
"None"
"Noise floor
and x Ranges"
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:TYPE on page 111
Selected Traces
Selects the trace(s) to assign a phase noise limit line to.
No limit line.
Limit line defined by the noise floor and x corner frequencies and
slopes. The application supports up to 5 ranges.
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Analysis
Using limit lines
For more information see Chapter 4.9, "Using limit lines", on page 33.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:TRACe on page 111
Noise Floor
Defines the noise floor level in dBm/Hz of the DUT.
For more information see Chapter 4.9, "Using limit lines", on page 33.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:NOISe on page 111
Range x - Range y
Defines the corner frequencies and slope for a particular segment of phase noise limit
lines.
The slope defines the slope of the limit line segment to the left of the corner frequency.
For more information see Chapter 4.9, "Using limit lines", on page 33.
Remote command:
Corner frequencies:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:FC<1 to 5> on page 110
Slope:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:SLOPe<segment> on page 112
Copy to User Limit Line
Creates a new user limit line from the data of a phase noise limit line.
The file is stored in the default folder for user limit lines. You can load and edit the limit
line via the "Select Limit Line" dialog box. For more information see "Select Limit Line"
on page 66.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:COPY<k> on page 110
6.3.2 Selecting standard limit lines
Access: "Overview" > "Limit Analysis" > "Line Config"
Select Limit Line............................................................................................................66
└ Name.............................................................................................................. 66
└ Unit..................................................................................................................66
└ Compatible......................................................................................................66
└ Visible............................................................................................................. 66
└ Check Traces..................................................................................................67
└ Comment........................................................................................................ 67
└ View Filter....................................................................................................... 67
└ New / Edit / Copy To....................................................................................... 67
└ Delete..............................................................................................................67
└ Disable All Lines............................................................................................. 68
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Analysis
Using limit lines
Select Limit Line
The "Select Limit Line" dialog box contains functionality to include standard limit lines
in the measurement.
The dialog box consists of a table that shows all available limit lines and their characteristics and a few buttons to manage individual limit lines.
Name ← Select Limit Line
Shows the name of the limit line.
Unit ← Select Limit Line
Shows the unit of the limit line.
Compatible ← Select Limit Line
Shows if the limit line is compatible to the current measurement setup or not.
"Yes"
"No"
Visible ← Select Limit Line
Displays a limit line in the diagram area.
You can display up to eight limit lines at the same time.
Remote command:
Display a limit line:
Lower limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:LOWer:STATe on page 115
Upper limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:UPPer:STATe on page 117
You can use the limit line because it is compatible to the current measurement setup.
You cannot use the limit line because it is compatible to the current
measurement setup.
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Analysis
Using limit lines
Query all visible limit lines:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACTive? on page 113
Check Traces ← Select Limit Line
Turns the limit check for a particular trace on and off.
Remote command:
Assign a limit line to a particular trace:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:TRACe<t> on page 116
Activate the limit check:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:STATe on page 115
Querying limit check results:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:FAIL? on page 114
Comment ← Select Limit Line
Shows the comment of the selected limit line. If the limit line has no comment, this field
stays empty.
View Filter ← Select Limit Line
Turns filter for the list of limit lines on and off.
By default, the list includes all limit lines that are stored on the R&S FSMR3.
"Show Com-
patible"
"Show Lines
For PNoise"
New / Edit / Copy To ← Select Limit Line
All three buttons open the "Edit Limit Line" dialog box to create or edit limit lines.
When you use the "New" button, the dialog box contains no data.
When you use the "Edit" button, the dialog box contains the data of the previously
selected limit line.
When you use the "Copy To" button, the dialog box also contains a copy the data of
the previously selected limit line.
Remote command:
New:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:NAME on page 115
Copy:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:COPY on page 113
Delete ← Select Limit Line
Deletes the selected limit line.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:DELete on page 114
Filters the list of limit lines by compatibility.
If on, the list includes only those limit lines that are compatible to the
current measurement setup.
Filters the list of limit lines by compatibility to phase noise measurements.
If on, the list includes only those limit lines that are compatible to
phase noise measurements.
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6.3.3 Creating and editing standard limit lines
Analysis
Using limit lines
Disable All Lines ← Select Limit Line
Turns all active limit lines off.
Access: "Overview" > "Limit Analysis" > "Line Config" > "New" / "Edit" > "Copy To"
Edit Limit Line................................................................................................................68
└ Name.............................................................................................................. 68
└ Comment........................................................................................................ 69
└ X-Axis..............................................................................................................69
└ Y-Axis..............................................................................................................69
└ Data Points..................................................................................................... 69
└ Insert Value..................................................................................................... 70
└ Delete Value....................................................................................................70
└ Shift X............................................................................................................. 70
└ Shift Y............................................................................................................. 70
└ Save................................................................................................................70
Edit Limit Line
The "Edit Limit Line" dialog box contains functionality to describe the shape of a limit
line.
Because limit lines have to meet certain conditions for phase noise measurements, the
availability of parameters is limited.
Name ← Edit Limit Line
Defines the name of a limit line.
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Analysis
Using limit lines
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:NAME on page 115
Comment ← Edit Limit Line
Defines a comment for the limit line.
A comment is not mandatory.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:COMMent on page 117
X-Axis ← Edit Limit Line
Defines the characteristics of the horizontal axis.
The characteristics consist of the unit, the scaling and the type of values.
In the Phase Noise application, the unit for the horizontal axis is always Hz. The scal-
ing can either be logarithmic or linear
"Unit"
"Scaling"
"Type of Values"
Remote command:
Type of values:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:LOWer:MODE on page 119
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:UPPer:MODE on page 119
In the Phase Noise application, the unit is always Hz.
In the Phase Noise application, the scaling of the horizontal axis is
always logarithmic.
The type of values can be absolute values or relative to the nominal
frequency.
Y-Axis ← Edit Limit Line
Defines the characteristics of the vertical axis.
The characteristics consist of the unit, the type of values and the usage of the line.
"Unit"
"Type of Val-
ues"
"Line usage"
Data Points ← Edit Limit Line
The data points define the shape of the limit line. A limit line consists of at least 2 data
points and a maximum of 200 data points.
A data point is defined by its position in horizontal ("Position" column) and vertical
direction ("Value" column). The position of the data points have to be in ascending
order.
Remote command:
Horizontal data (position):
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:CONTrol[:DATA] on page 118
Vertical data (value):
Lower limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:LOWer[:DATA] on page 118
Upper limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:UPPer[:DATA] on page 120
In the Phase Noise application, the unit is always dBc/Hz.
In the Phase Noise application, the type of values is always absolute.
Selects if the limit line is used as an upper or lower limit line.
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Analysis
Using markers
Insert Value ← Edit Limit Line
Insert a new limit line data point below the selected data point.
Delete Value ← Edit Limit Line
Deletes the selected limit line data point.
Shift X ← Edit Limit Line
Shifts each data point horizontally by a particular amount.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:CONTrol:SHIFt on page 118
Shift Y ← Edit Limit Line
Shifts each data point vertically by a particular amount.
Remote command:
Lower limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:LOWer:SHIFt on page 119
Upper limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:UPPer:SHIFt on page 120
Save ← Edit Limit Line
Saves the limit line or the changes you have made to a limit line.
6.4 Using markers
Access (marker position): [MKR] > "Marker Config" > "Markers"
Access (marker settings): [MKR] > "Marker Config" > "Marker Settings"
The "Marker Configuration" dialog box and the "Marker" menu contain all functionality
necessary to control markers.
The "Marker Configuration" dialog box consists of two tabs.
The "Markers" tab contains functionality to define characteristics for each marker.
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Analysis
Using markers
The "Marker Settings" tab contains general marker functionality.
Marker 1 ... Marker x.....................................................................................................71
Marker Type..................................................................................................................72
Reference Marker......................................................................................................... 72
Assigning the Marker to a Trace................................................................................... 72
Marker Zoom.................................................................................................................72
All Markers Off...............................................................................................................73
Marker Table Display.....................................................................................................73
Marker Info....................................................................................................................73
Marker 1 ... Marker x
Selects and turns the corresponding marker on and off.
Turning on a marker also opens an input field to define the horizontal position of the
marker.
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Analysis
Using markers
In the "Marker Configuration" dialog box, you can also define the horizontal position of
each marker ("x-value").
By default, the first marker you turn on is a normal marker, all others are delta markers.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 147
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 149
Marker Type
Toggles the marker type.
The type for marker 1 is always "Normal", the type for delta marker 1 is always "Delta".
These types cannot be changed.
Note: If normal marker 1 is the active marker, switching the "Mkr Type" activates an
additional delta marker 1. For any other marker, switching the marker type does not
activate an additional marker, it only switches the type of the selected marker.
"Normal"
"Delta"
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 147
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 149
A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position
in the diagram.
A delta marker defines the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker (marker 1 by default).
Reference Marker
Defines a marker as the reference marker which is used to determine relative analysis
results (delta marker values).
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MREFerence on page 149
Assigning the Marker to a Trace
The "Trace" setting assigns the selected marker to an active trace. The trace determines which value the marker shows at the marker position. If the marker was previously assigned to a different trace, the marker remains on the previous frequency or
time, but indicates the value of the new trace.
If a trace is turned off, the assigned markers and marker functions are also deactivated.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:TRACe on page 148
Marker Zoom
Turns the marker zoom on and off.
The marker zoom magnifies the diagram area around marker 1 by a certain factor.
Turning on the zoom also opens an input field to define the zoom factor.
Remote command:
Turning on the zoom:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:ZOOM[:STATe] on page 153
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Defining the zoom factor:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:ZOOM on page 152
All Markers Off
Deactivates all markers in one step.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:AOFF on page 147
Marker Table Display
Defines how the marker information is displayed.
"On"
"Off"
"Auto"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MTABle on page 152
Displays the marker information in a table in a separate area beneath
the diagram.
No separate marker table is displayed.
If Marker Info is active, the marker information is displayed within the
diagram area.
(Default) If more than two markers are active, the marker table is displayed automatically.
If Marker Info is active, the marker information for up to two markers
is displayed in the diagram area.
Analysis
Using markers
Marker Info
Turns the marker information displayed in the diagram on and off.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MINFo[:STATe] on page 151
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7 How to configure phase noise measure-
7.1 Performing a basic phase noise measurement
How to configure phase noise measurements
Customizing the measurement range
ments
1. In the Spectrum application, define the center frequency of the DUT.
2. Enter the "Phase Noise" application.
The R&S FSMR3-K40 starts the measurement with the default configuration. The
default configuration defines most settings automatically.
If you need any custom configuration, define them after entering the Phase Noise
application.
3. Layout the display as required via the SmartGrid.
4. Open the "Overview" dialog box to configure the measurement.
5. Configure the frontend (frequency, level etc.) via the "Frontend" dialog box.
6. Define the measurement range via the "Phase Noise" dialog box.
7. Turn on frequency and level tracking via the "Control" dialog box.
8. Run a single sweep.
9. Turn on a marker and read out the results.
10. Read out the residual noise over the measurement range.
11. Customize a residual noise range and read out the results.
12. Freeze trace 1 and 2 (trace mode: View).
13. Turn on trace 3 and 4 (trace mode: Clear/Write).
14. Switch the measurement mode to "IQ FFT" in the "Phase Noise" dialog box.
15. Repeat the measurement.
7.2 Customizing the measurement range
The application provides several ways to customize. Each method features a different
level of details you can define.
1. Open the "Phase Noise" configuration via the "Overview" dialog box or the "Meas
Config" softkey menu.
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How to configure phase noise measurements
Customizing the measurement range
2. Define the frequency offset range you would like to measure in the corresponding
fields.
3. Select the "Sweep Type".
a) Select sweep types "Fast", "Normal" or "Averaged" for automatic measurement
configuration.
For a custom configuration, proceed to set up each measurement parameter separately.
4. Define the "RBW", number of "Averages", sweep "Mode" and "I/Q Window" function.
a) Define the parameters globally for all (half) decades covered by the measure-
ment range.
b) Define the parameters for each individual (half) decade covered by the mea-
surement range in the "Half Decade Configuration Table".
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8 Remote control commands for phase noise
Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Common suffixes
measurements
The following remote control commands are required to configure and perform phase
noise measurements in a remote environment. The R&S FSMR3 must already be configured for remote operation in a network as described in the base unit manual.
Universal functionality
Note that basic tasks that are also performed in the base unit in the same way are not
described here. For a description of such tasks, see the R&S FSMR3 user manual.
In particular, this includes:
●
Managing settings and results, i.e. storing and loading settings and result data.
●
Basic instrument configuration, e.g. checking the system configuration, customizing
the screen layout, or configuring networks and remote operation.
●
Using the common status registers (specific status registers for pulse measurements are not used).
● Common suffixes.................................................................................................... 76
● Introduction............................................................................................................. 77
● Controlling the phase noise measurement channel................................................81
● Performing measurements......................................................................................85
● Configuring the result display..................................................................................89
● Configuring the frontend..........................................................................................97
● Controlling the measurement..................................................................................99
● Configuring the measurement range.....................................................................103
● Using limit lines..................................................................................................... 110
● Graphical display of phase noise results...............................................................121
● Configure numerical result displays...................................................................... 133
● Using markers.......................................................................................................147
● Configuring in- and outputs...................................................................................153
● Automatic measurement configuration..................................................................155
● Using the status register....................................................................................... 156
● Remote control example scripts............................................................................162
8.1 Common suffixes
In the R&S FSMR3 Phase Noise Measurement application, the following common suffixes are used in remote commands:
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Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Introduction
Table 8-1: Common suffixes used in remote commands in the R&S FSMR3 Phase Noise Measurement
Suffix Value range Description
<m> 1 to 16 Marker
<n> 1 to 16 Window (in the currently selected channel)
<t> 1 to 4 Trace
<li> 1 to 8 Limit line
application
8.2 Introduction
Commands are program messages that a controller (e.g. a PC) sends to the instrument or software. They operate its functions ('setting commands' or 'events') and
request information ('query commands'). Some commands can only be used in one
way, others work in two ways (setting and query). If not indicated otherwise, the commands can be used for settings and queries.
The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and, usually, one or more parameters. To use a command as a query, you have to append a question mark after the
last header element, even if the command contains a parameter.
A header contains one or more keywords, separated by a colon. Header and parameters are separated by a "white space" (ASCII code 0 to 9, 11 to 32 decimal, e.g. blank).
If there is more than one parameter for a command, they are separated by a comma
from one another.
Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI
commands are described here. For a more complete description, refer to the user
manual of the R&S FSMR3.
Remote command examples
Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction are
possibly not supported by this particular application.
8.2.1 Conventions used in descriptions
The following conventions are used in the remote command descriptions:
●
Command usage
If not specified otherwise, commands can be used both for setting and for querying
parameters.
If a command can be used for setting or querying only, or if it initiates an event, the
usage is stated explicitly.
●
Parameter usage
If not specified otherwise, a parameter can be used to set a value and it is the
result of a query.
Parameters required only for setting are indicated as Setting parameters.
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Introduction
Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters.
Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return
values.
●
Conformity
Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI confirmed. All commands used by the R&S FSMR3 follow the SCPI syntax rules.
●
Asynchronous commands
A command which does not automatically finish executing before the next command starts executing (overlapping command) is indicated as an Asynchronous
command.
●
Reset values (*RST)
Default parameter values that are used directly after resetting the instrument (*RST
command) are indicated as *RST values, if available.
●
Default unit
The default unit is used for numeric values if no other unit is provided with the
parameter.
●
Manual operation
If the result of a remote command can also be achieved in manual operation, a link
to the description is inserted.
8.2.2 Long and short form
The keywords have a long and a short form. You can use either the long or the short
form, but no other abbreviations of the keywords.
The short form is emphasized in uppercase letters. Note however, that this emphasis
only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual. For
the instrument, the case does not matter.
Example:
SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer is the same as SENS:FREQ:CENT.
8.2.3 Numeric suffixes
Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple
instances of an object. In that case, the suffix selects a particular instance (e.g. a measurement window).
Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets (<n>) next to the keyword.
If you do not quote a suffix for keywords that support one, a 1 is assumed.
Example:
DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe enables the zoom in a particular measurement window, selected by the suffix at WINDow.
DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON refers to window 4.
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8.2.4 Optional keywords
Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Introduction
Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compliance. You can include them in the header or not.
If an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix, you have to
include the optional keyword. Otherwise, the suffix of the missing keyword is assumed
to be the value 1.
Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets.
Example:
Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer is the same as FREQuency:CENTer
With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword:
DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe
DISPlay:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 (no suffix).
DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4.
8.2.5 Alternative keywords
A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword. You can use both keywords to the same effect.
Example:
[SENSe:]BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]
In the short form without optional keywords, BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect
as BWID 1MHZ.
8.2.6 SCPI parameters
Many commands feature one or more parameters.
If a command supports more than one parameter, they are separated by a comma.
Example:
LAYout:ADD:WINDow Spectrum,LEFT,MTABle
Parameters can have different forms of values.
● Numeric values....................................................................................................... 80
● Boolean...................................................................................................................80
● Character data........................................................................................................ 81
● Character strings.....................................................................................................81
● Block data............................................................................................................... 81
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8.2.6.1 Numeric values
Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Introduction
Numeric values can be entered in any form, i.e. with sign, decimal point or exponent.
For physical quantities, you can also add the unit. If the unit is missing, the command
uses the basic unit.
Example:
With unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ
Without unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz.
Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down.
If the number you have entered is not supported (e.g. for discrete steps), the command
returns an error.
Instead of a number, you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special
cases.
●
MIN/MAX
Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported.
●
DEF
Defines the default value.
●
UP/DOWN
Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step. The step size depends on
the setting. Sometimes, you can customize the step size with a corresponding
command.
Querying numeric values
When you query numeric values, the system returns a number. For physical quantities,
it applies the basic unit (e.g. Hz for frequencies). The number of digits after the decimal
point depends on the type of numeric value.
Example:
Setting: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ
Query: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer? would return 1E9
Sometimes, numeric values are returned as text.
●
INF/NINF
Infinity or negative infinity. Represents the numeric values 9.9E37 or -9.9E37.
●
NAN
Not a number. Represents the numeric value 9.91E37. NAN is returned if errors
occur.
8.2.6.2 Boolean
Boolean parameters represent two states. The "on" state (logically true) is represented
by "ON" or the numeric value 1. The "off" state (logically untrue) is represented by
"OFF" or the numeric value 0.
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8.2.6.3 Character data
Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Controlling the phase noise measurement channel
Querying Boolean parameters
When you query Boolean parameters, the system returns either the value 1 ("ON") or
the value 0 ("OFF").
Example:
Setting: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe ON
Query: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe? would return 1
Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords. You can enter text using a short
or a long form. For more information, see Chapter 8.2.2, "Long and short form",
on page 78.
Querying text parameters
When you query text parameters, the system returns its short form.
Example:
Setting: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE NORMal
Query: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE? would return NORM
8.2.6.4 Character strings
Strings are alphanumeric characters. They have to be in straight quotation marks. You
can use a single quotation mark ( ' ) or a double quotation mark ( " ).
Example:
INSTRument:DELete 'Spectrum'
8.2.6.5 Block data
Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data.
The ASCII character # introduces the data block. The next number indicates how many
of the following digits describe the length of the data block. The data bytes follow. During the transmission of these data bytes, all end or other control signs are ignored until
all bytes are transmitted. #0 specifies a data block of indefinite length. The use of the
indefinite format requires an NL^END message to terminate the data block. This format
is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length.
8.3 Controlling the phase noise measurement channel
The following commands are necessary to control the measurement channel.
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Controlling the phase noise measurement channel
INSTrument:CREate:DUPLicate........................................................................................ 82
INSTrument:CREate[:NEW].............................................................................................. 82
INSTrument:CREate:REPLace..........................................................................................82
INSTrument:DELete......................................................................................................... 83
INSTrument:LIST?........................................................................................................... 83
INSTrument:REName.......................................................................................................84
INSTrument[:SELect]........................................................................................................84
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC]................................................................................... 85
INSTrument:CREate:DUPLicate
This command duplicates the currently selected channel, i.e creates a new channel of
the same type and with the identical measurement settings. The name of the new
channel is the same as the copied channel, extended by a consecutive number (e.g.
"IQAnalyzer" -> "IQAnalyzer 2").
The channel to be duplicated must be selected first using the INST:SEL command.
Example:
INST:SEL 'Measuring Receiver'
INST:CRE:DUPL
Duplicates the channel named 'Measuring Receiver' and creates
a new channel named 'Measuring Receiver 2'.
Usage: Event
INSTrument:CREate[:NEW] <ChannelType>, <ChannelName>
This command adds a measurement channel. You can configure up to 10 measurement channels at the same time (depending on available memory).
Parameters:
<ChannelType> Channel type of the new channel.
For a list of available channel types, see INSTrument:LIST?
on page 83.
<ChannelName> String containing the name of the channel.
Note that you cannot assign an existing channel name to a new
channel. If you do, an error occurs.
Example:
INST:CRE SAN, 'Spectrum 2'
Adds a spectrum display named "Spectrum 2".
INSTrument:CREate:REPLace <ChannelName1>,<ChannelType>,<ChannelName2>
This command replaces a channel with another one.
Setting parameters:
<ChannelName1> String containing the name of the channel you want to replace.
<ChannelType> Channel type of the new channel.
For a list of available channel types, see INSTrument:LIST?
on page 83.
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Controlling the phase noise measurement channel
<ChannelName2> String containing the name of the new channel.
Note: If the specified name for a new channel already exists, the
default name, extended by a sequential number, is used for the
new channel (see INSTrument:LIST? on page 83).
Channel names can have a maximum of 31 characters, and
must be compatible with the Windows conventions for file
names. In particular, they must not contain special characters
such as ":", "*", "?".
Example:
Usage: Setting only
INSTrument:DELete <ChannelName>
This command deletes a channel.
If you delete the last channel, the default Measuring Receiver channel is activated.
Setting parameters:
<ChannelName> String containing the name of the channel you want to delete.
Example:
Usage: Setting only
INSTrument:LIST?
INST:CRE:REPL 'Measuring Receiver
2',MREC,'Measuring Receiver 3'
Replaces the channel named "Measuring Receiver 2" by a new
channel of type "Measuring Receiver" named "Measuring
Receiver 3".
A channel must exist to delete it.
INST:DEL 'Measuring Receiver 2'
Deletes the channel with the name 'Measuring Receiver 2'.
This command queries all active channels. The query is useful to obtain the names of
the existing channels, which are required to replace or delete the channels.
Return values:
<ChannelType>,
<ChannelName>
Example:
Usage: Query only
For each channel, the command returns the channel type and
channel name (see tables below).
Tip: to change the channel name, use the INSTrument:
REName command.
INST:LIST?
Result for 2 channels:
'MREC','Measuring Receiver','MREC','Measuring
Receiver 2'
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Controlling the phase noise measurement channel
Table 8-2: Available channel types and default channel names
Application <ChannelType> Parameter Default Channel Name*)
Measuring Receiver MRECeiver Measuring Receiver
Spectrum (R&S FSMR3B1)
I/Q Analyzer (R&S FSMR3B1)
Phase Noise
(R&S FSMR3-B60)
Pulse (R&S FSMR3-K6) PULSE Pulse
Avionics (R&S FSMR3K15)
Vector Signal Analysis
(VSA, R&S FSMR3-K70)
Note: the default channel name is also listed in the table. If the specified name for a new channel already
exists, the default name, extended by a sequential number, is used for the new channel.
SANalyzer Spectrum
IQ IQ Analyzer
PNOise Phase Noise
AVIonics Avionics
DDEM VSA
INSTrument:REName <ChannelName1>, <ChannelName2>
This command renames a channel.
Setting parameters:
<ChannelName1> String containing the name of the channel you want to rename.
<ChannelName2> String containing the new channel name.
Note that you cannot assign an existing channel name to a new
channel. If you do, an error occurs.
Channel names can have a maximum of 31 characters, and
must be compatible with the Windows conventions for file
names. In particular, they must not contain special characters
such as ":", "*", "?".
Example:
INST:REN 'Measuring Receiver 2','Measuring
Receiver 3'
Renames the channel with the name 'Measuring Receiver 2' to
'Measuring Receiver 3'.
Usage: Setting only
INSTrument[:SELect] <Application>
Selects the measurement application (channel type) for the current channel.
See also INSTrument:CREate[:NEW] on page 82.
For a list of available channel types see INSTrument:LIST? on page 83.
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Performing measurements
Parameters:
<Application> PNOise
Phase noise measurements, R&S FSMR3–K40
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC]
This command restores the default instrument settings in the current channel.
Use INST:SEL to select the channel.
Example:
INST:SEL 'Spectrum2'
Selects the channel for "Spectrum2".
SYST:PRES:CHAN:EXEC
Restores the factory default settings to the "Spectrum2" channel.
Usage: Event
Manual operation: See "Preset Channel" on page 40
8.4 Performing measurements
The following commands are necessary to perform measurements.
You can also perform a sequence of measurements using the Sequencer (see "Multi-
ple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function" on page 11).
ABORt............................................................................................................................ 85
CONFigure:REFMeas.......................................................................................................86
INITiate<n>:CONMeas..................................................................................................... 86
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous.................................................................................................. 87
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate]....................................................................................................87
INITiate:SEQuencer:ABORt.............................................................................................. 88
INITiate:SEQuencer:IMMediate......................................................................................... 88
INITiate:SEQuencer:MODE...............................................................................................88
[SENSe:]SWEep:FHDecade..............................................................................................89
SYSTem:SEQuencer........................................................................................................89
ABORt
This command aborts the measurement in the current channel and resets the trigger
system.
To prevent overlapping execution of the subsequent command before the measurement has been aborted successfully, use the *OPC? or *WAI command after ABOR and
before the next command.
For details on overlapping execution see Remote control via SCPI.
Note on blocked remote control programs:
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Performing measurements
If a sequential command cannot be completed, for example because a triggered sweep
never receives a trigger, the remote control program will never finish and the remote
channel to the R&S FSMR3000 is blocked for further commands. In this case, you
must interrupt processing on the remote channel first in order to abort the measurement.
To do so, send a "Device Clear" command from the control instrument to the
R&S FSMR3000 on a parallel channel to clear all currently active remote channels.
Depending on the used interface and protocol, send the following commands:
●
Visa: viClear()
●
GPIB: ibclr()
●
RSIB: RSDLLibclr()
Now you can send the ABORt command on the remote channel performing the measurement.
Example:
Example:
Usage: Event
CONFigure:REFMeas <arg0>
This command initiates a reference measurement that determines the inherent phase
noise of the R&S FSMR3.
Parameters:
<arg0> ONCE
Example:
Manual operation: See "Reference Measurement" on page 23
ABOR;:INIT:IMM
Aborts the current measurement and immediately starts a new
one.
ABOR;*WAI
INIT:IMM
Aborts the current measurement and starts a new one once
abortion has been completed.
CONF:REFM ONCE
Initiates a reference measurement
INITiate<n>:CONMeas
This command restarts a (single) measurement that has been stopped (using ABORt)
or finished in single sweep mode.
The measurement is restarted at the beginning, not where the previous measurement
was stopped.
As opposed to INITiate<n>[:IMMediate], this command does not reset traces in
maxhold, minhold or average mode. Therefore it can be used to continue measurements using maxhold or averaging functions.
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Performing measurements
Suffix:
<n>
Manual operation: See "Continue Single Sweep" on page 50
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous <State>
This command controls the sweep mode for an individual channel.
Note that in single sweep mode, you can synchronize to the end of the measurement
with *OPC, *OPC? or *WAI. In continuous sweep mode, synchronization to the end of
the measurement is not possible. Thus, it is not recommended that you use continuous
sweep mode in remote control, as results like trace data or markers are only valid after
a single sweep end synchronization.
For details on synchronization see Remote control via SCPI.
Suffix:
<n>
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
.
irrelevant
.
irrelevant
ON | 1
Continuous sweep
OFF | 0
Single sweep
*RST: 1
Example:
Manual operation: See "Continuous Sweep / Run Cont" on page 50
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate]
This command starts a (single) new measurement.
With sweep count or average count > 0, this means a restart of the corresponding
number of measurements. With trace mode MAXHold, MINHold and AVERage, the
previous results are reset on restarting the measurement.
You can synchronize to the end of the measurement with *OPC, *OPC? or *WAI.
For details on synchronization see Remote control via SCPI.
Suffix:
<n>
Manual operation: See "Single Sweep / Run Single" on page 50
INIT:CONT OFF
Switches the sweep mode to single sweep.
INIT:CONT ON
Switches the sweep mode to continuous sweep.
.
irrelevant
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INITiate:SEQuencer:ABORt
This command stops the currently active sequence of measurements.
You can start a new sequence any time using INITiate:SEQuencer:IMMediate
on page 88.
Usage: Event
INITiate:SEQuencer:IMMediate
This command starts a new sequence of measurements by the Sequencer.
Its effect is similar to the INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] command used for a single
measurement.
Before this command can be executed, the Sequencer must be activated (see
SYSTem:SEQuencer on page 89).
Example:
INITiate:SEQuencer:MODE <Mode>
Defines the capture mode for the entire measurement sequence and all measurement
groups and channels it contains.
Note: To synchronize to the end of a measurement sequence using *OPC, *OPC? or
*WAI, use SINGle Sequencer mode.
Parameters:
<Mode> SINGle
SYST:SEQ ON
Activates the Sequencer.
INIT:SEQ:MODE SING
Sets single sequence mode so each active measurement is performed once.
INIT:SEQ:IMM
Starts the sequential measurements.
Each measurement group is started one after the other in the
order of definition. All measurement channels in a group are
started simultaneously and performed once. After all measurements are completed, the next group is started. After the last
group, the measurement sequence is finished.
CONTinuous
Each measurement group is started one after the other in the
order of definition. All measurement channels in a group are
started simultaneously and performed once. After all measurements are completed, the next group is started. After the last
group, the measurement sequence restarts with the first one and
continues until it is stopped explicitly.
*RST:
CONTinuous
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Configuring the result display
[SENSe:]SWEep:FHDecade
This command stops the measurement in the current half decade and continues measuring in the subsequent half decade.
Example:
Manual operation: See "Finish Half Decade" on page 51
SYSTem:SEQuencer
This command turns the Sequencer on and off. The Sequencer must be active before
any other Sequencer commands (INIT:SEQ...) are executed, otherwise an error
occurs.
A detailed programming example is provided in the "Operating Modes" chapter in the
R&S FSMR3 User Manual.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
SWE:FHD
Aborts the current measurement and continues in the next half
decade.
<State>
ON | 1
The Sequencer is activated and a sequential measurement is
started immediately.
OFF | 0
The Sequencer is deactivated. Any running sequential measurements are stopped. Further Sequencer commands
(INIT:SEQ...) are not available.
*RST: 0
Example:
SYST:SEQ ON
Activates the Sequencer.
INIT:SEQ:MODE SING
Sets single Sequencer mode so each active measurement is
performed once.
INIT:SEQ:IMM
Starts the sequential measurements.
SYST:SEQ OFF
8.5 Configuring the result display
The commands required to configure the screen display in a remote environment are
described here.
● General window commands....................................................................................90
● Working with windows in the display.......................................................................90
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8.5.1 General window commands
Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Configuring the result display
The following commands are required to configure general window layout, independent
of the application.
DISPlay:FORMat............................................................................................................. 90
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SIZE............................................................................................. 90
DISPlay:FORMat <Format>
This command determines which tab is displayed.
Parameters:
<Format> SPLit
Displays the MultiView tab with an overview of all active channels
SINGle
Displays the measurement channel that was previously focused.
*RST: SING
Example:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SIZE <Size>
This command maximizes the size of the selected result display window temporarily.
To change the size of several windows on the screen permanently, use the LAY:SPL
command (see LAYout:SPLitter on page 93).
Suffix:
<n>
Parameters:
<Size> LARGe
Example:
DISP:FORM SPL
.
Window
Maximizes the selected window to full screen.
Other windows are still active in the background.
SMALl
Reduces the size of the selected window to its original size.
If more than one measurement window was displayed originally,
these are visible again.
*RST: SMALl
DISP:WIND2:SIZE LARG
8.5.2 Working with windows in the display
The following commands are required to change the evaluation type and rearrange the
screen layout for a channel as you do using the SmartGrid in manual operation. Since
the available evaluation types depend on the selected application, some parameters
for the following commands also depend on the selected channel.
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Configuring the result display
Note that the suffix <n> always refers to the window in the currently selected channel.
LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]?...................................................................................................91
LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]?..............................................................................................92
LAYout:IDENtify[:WINDow]?..............................................................................................92
LAYout:REMove[:WINDow]............................................................................................... 93
LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow]..............................................................................................93
LAYout:SPLitter................................................................................................................93
LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD?............................................................................................... 95
LAYout:WINDow<n>:IDENtify?.......................................................................................... 95
LAYout:WINDow<n>:REMove............................................................................................96
LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace.......................................................................................... 96
LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? <WindowName>,<Direction>,<WindowType>
This command adds a window to the display in the active channel.
This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of
the new window as a result.
To replace an existing window, use the LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] command.
Query parameters:
<WindowName> String containing the name of the existing window the new win-
dow is inserted next to.
By default, the name of a window is the same as its index. To
determine the name and index of all active windows, use the
LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]? query.
<Direction> LEFT | RIGHt | ABOVe | BELow
Direction the new window is added relative to the existing window.
<WindowType> text value
Type of result display (evaluation method) you want to add.
See the table below for available parameter values.
Return values:
<NewWindowName> When adding a new window, the command returns its name (by
default the same as its number) as a result.
Example:
LAY:ADD? '1',LEFT,MTAB
Result:
'2'
Adds a new window named '2' with a marker table to the left of
window 1.
Usage: Query only
Table 8-3: <WindowType> parameter values for Phase Noise application
Parameter value Window type
FDRift Frequency drift
MTABle Marker table
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Configuring the result display
Parameter value Window type
PNOise Phase noise diagram
RNOise Residual noise table
SNOise Spot noise table
SPECtrum Spectrum monitor
SPURs Spur list
SRESults Sweep result list
STABility Frequency and level stability indicator
LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]?
This command queries the name and index of all active windows in the active channel
from top left to bottom right. The result is a comma-separated list of values for each
window, with the syntax:
<WindowName_1>,<WindowIndex_1>..<WindowName_n>,<WindowIndex_n>
Return values:
<WindowName> string
Name of the window.
In the default state, the name of the window is its index.
<WindowIndex> numeric value
Index of the window.
Example:
LAY:CAT?
Result:
'2',2,'1',1
Two windows are displayed, named '2' (at the top or left), and '1'
(at the bottom or right).
Usage: Query only
LAYout:IDENtify[:WINDow]? <WindowName>
This command queries the index of a particular display window in the active channel.
Note: to query the name of a particular window, use the LAYout:WINDow<n>:
IDENtify? query.
Query parameters:
<WindowName> String containing the name of a window.
Return values:
<WindowIndex> Index number of the window.
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Configuring the result display
Example:
Usage: Query only
LAYout:REMove[:WINDow] <WindowName>
This command removes a window from the display in the active channel.
Setting parameters:
<WindowName> String containing the name of the window. In the default state,
Example:
Usage: Setting only
LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] <WindowName>,<WindowType>
This command replaces the window type (for example from "Diagram" to "Result Summary") of an already existing window in the active channel while keeping its position,
index and window name.
LAY:IDEN:WIND? '2'
Queries the index of the result display named '2'.
Response:
2
the name of the window is its index.
LAY:REM '2'
Removes the result display in the window named '2'.
To add a new window, use the LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? command.
Setting parameters:
<WindowName> String containing the name of the existing window.
By default, the name of a window is the same as its index. To
determine the name and index of all active windows in the active
channel, use the LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]? query.
<WindowType> Type of result display you want to use in the existing window.
See LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 91 for a list of available
window types.
Example:
Usage: Setting only
LAYout:SPLitter <Index1>, <Index2>, <Position>
This command changes the position of a splitter and thus controls the size of the windows on each side of the splitter.
Compared to the DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SIZE on page 90 command, the
LAYout:SPLitter changes the size of all windows to either side of the splitter permanently, it does not just maximize a single window temporarily.
LAY:REPL:WIND '1',MTAB
Replaces the result display in window 1 with a marker table.
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Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Configuring the result display
Note that windows must have a certain minimum size. If the position you define conflicts with the minimum size of any of the affected windows, the command does not
work, but does not return an error.
Figure 8-1: SmartGrid coordinates for remote control of the splitters
Setting parameters:
<Index1> The index of one window the splitter controls.
<Index2> The index of a window on the other side of the splitter.
<Position> New vertical or horizontal position of the splitter as a fraction of
the screen area (without channel and status bar and softkey
menu).
The point of origin (x = 0, y = 0) is in the lower left corner of the
screen. The end point (x = 100, y = 100) is in the upper right corner of the screen. (See Figure 8-1.)
The direction in which the splitter is moved depends on the
screen layout. If the windows are positioned horizontally, the
splitter also moves horizontally. If the windows are positioned
vertically, the splitter also moves vertically.
Range: 0 to 100
Example:
LAY:SPL 1,3,50
Moves the splitter between window 1 ('Frequency Sweep') and 3
('"Marker Table"') to the center (50%) of the screen, i.e. in the
figure above, to the left.
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Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Configuring the result display
Example:
Usage: Setting only
LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD?
This command adds a measurement window to the display. Note that with this command, the suffix <n> determines the existing window next to which the new window is
added. Unlike LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]?, for which the existing window is defined by
a parameter.
To replace an existing window, use the LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace command.
This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of
the new window as a result.
Suffix:
<n>
LAY:SPL 1,4,70
Moves the splitter between window 1 ('Frequency Sweep') and 3
('"Marker Peak List"') towards the top (70%) of the screen.
The following commands have the exact same effect, as any
combination of windows above and below the splitter moves the
splitter vertically.
LAY:SPL 3,2,70
LAY:SPL 4,1,70
LAY:SPL 2,1,70
<Direction>,<WindowType>
.
Window
Query parameters:
<Direction> LEFT | RIGHt | ABOVe | BELow
<WindowType> Type of measurement window you want to add.
See LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 91 for a list of available
window types.
Return values:
<NewWindowName> When adding a new window, the command returns its name (by
default the same as its number) as a result.
Example:
Usage: Query only
LAYout:WINDow<n>:IDENtify?
This command queries the name of a particular display window (indicated by the <n>
suffix) in the active channel.
Note: to query the index of a particular window, use the LAYout:IDENtify[:
WINDow]? command.
LAY:WIND1:ADD? LEFT,MTAB
Result:
'2'
Adds a new window named '2' with a marker table to the left of
window 1.
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Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Configuring the result display
Suffix:
<n>
Return values:
<WindowName> String containing the name of a window.
Example:
Usage: Query only
LAYout:WINDow<n>:REMove
This command removes the window specified by the suffix <n> from the display in the
active channel.
The result of this command is identical to the LAYout:REMove[:WINDow] command.
Suffix:
<n>
Example:
.
Window
In the default state, the name of the window is its index.
LAY:WIND2:IDEN?
Queries the name of the result display in window 2.
Response:
'2'
.
Window
LAY:WIND2:REM
Removes the result display in window 2.
Usage: Event
LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace <WindowType>
This command changes the window type of an existing window (specified by the suffix
<n>) in the active channel.
The effect of this command is identical to the LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] command.
To add a new window, use the LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD? command.
Suffix:
<n>
Setting parameters:
<WindowType> Type of measurement window you want to replace another one
Example:
Usage: Setting only
.
Window
with.
See LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 91 for a list of available
window types.
LAY:WIND2:REPL MTAB
Replaces the result display in window 2 with a marker table.
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8.6 Configuring the frontend
Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Configuring the frontend
The following commands are necessary to configure the frontend settings.
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer........................................................................................... 97
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel...................................................................................................97
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation.....................................................................................................97
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO........................................................................................... 98
INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe.....................................................................................................98
INPut<ip>:GAIN[:VALue]...................................................................................................99
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer <Frequency>
This command defines the nominal frequency.
Parameters:
<Frequency> Range: 0 to fmax
*RST: fmax/2
Default unit: HZ
f
is specified in the data sheet. min span is 10 Hz
max
Example:
FREQ:CENT 100 MHz
Defines a nominal frequency of 100 MHz.
Manual operation: See "Nominal Frequency" on page 41
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel <Power>
This command defines the nominal level.
Parameters:
<Power> Range: -200 to 200
*RST: 0
Default unit: DBM
Example:
POW:RLEV -20
Defines a nominal level of -20 dBm.
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation <Attenuation>
This command defines the total attenuation for RF input.
If you set the attenuation manually, it is no longer coupled to the reference level, but
the reference level is coupled to the attenuation. Thus, if the current reference level is
not compatible with an attenuation that has been set manually, the command also
adjusts the reference level.
Suffix:
<ip>
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
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Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Configuring the frontend
Parameters:
<Attenuation> Range: see data sheet
Increment: 5 dB (with optional electr. attenuator: 1 dB)
*RST: 10 dB (AUTO is set to ON)
Default unit: DB
Example:
Manual operation: See "Mechanical Attenuator / Value" on page 41
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO
This command couples or decouples the attenuation to the reference level. Thus, when
the reference level is changed, the R&S FSMR3 determines the signal level for optimal
internal data processing and sets the required attenuation accordingly.
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
Example:
Manual operation: See "Mechanical Attenuator / Value" on page 41
INP:ATT 30dB
Defines a 30 dB attenuation and decouples the attenuation from
the reference level.
<State>
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
*RST: 1
INP:ATT:AUTO ON
Couples the attenuation to the reference level.
INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe <State>
This command turns the internal preamplifier on and off. It requires the optional preamplifier hardware.
The preamplification value is defined using the INPut<ip>:GAIN[:VALue]
on page 99.
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
OFF | 0
Switches the function off
ON | 1
Switches the function on
*RST: 0
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Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Controlling the measurement
Example:
INP:GAIN:STAT ON
INP:GAIN:VAL 15
Switches on 15 dB preamplification.
Manual operation: See "Preamplifier" on page 42
INPut<ip>:GAIN[:VALue] <Gain>
This command selects the "gain" if the preamplifier is activated (INP:GAIN:STAT ON,
see INPut<ip>:GAIN:STATe on page 98).
The command requires the additional preamplifier hardware option.
Suffix:
<ip>
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
Parameters:
<Gain> For FSMR3008 and FSMR3026, the following settings are avail-
able:
15 dB and 30 dB
All other values are rounded to the nearest of these two.
FSMR3050:
30 dB
Default unit: DB
Example:
INP:GAIN:STAT ON
INP:GAIN:VAL 30
Switches on 30 dB preamplification.
Manual operation: See "Preamplifier" on page 42
8.7 Controlling the measurement
The following commands are necessary to control the sequence of the phase noise
measurement.
[SENSe:]FREQuency:TRACk..........................................................................................100
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance:ABSolute...........................................................100
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance[:RELative]..........................................................100
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify[:STATe]...............................................................................100
[SENSe:]IQ:DECimation................................................................................................. 101
[SENSe:]IQ:DPLL...........................................................................................................101
[SENSe:]IQ:ONLine........................................................................................................101
[SENSe:]IQ:TBW........................................................................................................... 102
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify:TOLerance.....................................................................102
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify[:STATe]..........................................................................102
[SENSe:]POWer:TRACk.................................................................................................103
[SENSe:]REJect:AM.......................................................................................................103
[SENSe:]SWEep:SVFailed..............................................................................................103
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Remote control commands for phase noise measurements
Controlling the measurement
[SENSe:]FREQuency:TRACk <State>
This command turns frequency tracking on and off.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 1 | 0
*RST: 1
Example:
Manual operation: See "Frequency Tracking" on page 44
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance:ABSolute <Frequency>
This command defines an absolute frequency tolerance for frequency verification.
If you define both an absolute and relative tolerance, the application uses the higher
tolerance level.
Parameters:
<Frequency> Numeric value in Hz.
Example:
Manual operation: See "Verify Frequency" on page 43
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance[:RELative] <Percentage>
This command defines a relative frequency tolerance for frequency verification.
FREQ:TRAC OFF
Turns off frequency tracking.
Default unit: HZ
FREQ:VER:TOL:ABS 100kHz
Defines a frequency tolerance range of 100 kHz.
If you define both an absolute and relative tolerance, the application uses the higher
tolerance level.
Parameters:
<Percentage> Numeric value in %, relative to the current nominal frequency.
Range: 1 to 100
*RST: 10
Default unit: PCT
Example:
Manual operation: See "Verify Frequency" on page 43
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify[:STATe] <State>
This command turns frequency verification on and off.
FREQ:VER:TOL:REL 12
Defines a frequency tolerance of 12% in relation to the nominal
frequency.
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