R&S®FS‑K101/103/105PC
R&S®FSV‑K101/103/105
R&S®FSQ‑K101/103/105
EUTRA / LTE Uplink PC Software
User Manual
(=8éSZ)
1308.9135.42 ─ 15
User Manual
Test & Measurement
This manual covers the following products.
●
R&S®FSQ-K101 (1308.9058.02)
●
R&S®FSQ-K103 (1309.9097.02)
●
R&S®FSQ-K105 (1309.9516.02)
●
R&S®FSV-K101 (1310.9100.02)
●
R&S®FSV-K103 (1310.9200.02)
●
R&S®FSV-K105 (1309.9780.02)
●
R&S®FS-K101PC (1309.9922.02)
●
R&S®FS-K103PC (1309.9945.02)
●
R&S®FS-K105PC (1309.9968.02)
The R&S®FS-K10xPC versions are available for the following spectrum and signal analyzers
●
R&S®FSG
●
R&S®FSQ
●
R&S®FSV
●
R&S®FSVR
●
R&S®FSW
The contents of the manual correspond to version 3.40 or higher.
© 2014 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
E-mail: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FS-K101-/K103/-K105 is abbreviated as R&S FS-K101/-K103/-
K105.
R&S®FS‑K101/103/105PC
Contents
1 Introduction............................................................................................ 7
1.1 Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution.......................................................... 7
1.2 Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme.................................................9
1.2.1 SC-FDMA........................................................................................................................9
1.2.2 SC-FDMA Parameterization..........................................................................................10
1.2.3 Uplink Data Transmission............................................................................................. 10
1.2.4 Uplink Reference Signal Structure................................................................................ 11
1.2.5 Uplink Physical Layer Procedures................................................................................ 11
1.3 References...................................................................................................................13
2 Welcome............................................................................................... 14
Contents
2.1 Licensing the Software...............................................................................................14
2.2 Installing the Software................................................................................................17
2.3 Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer................................................................ 17
2.3.1 Instrument Configuration...............................................................................................17
2.3.2 Figuring Out IP Addresses............................................................................................ 20
2.4 Application Overview..................................................................................................23
2.5 Configuring the Software........................................................................................... 25
2.5.1 Configuring the Display................................................................................................. 26
2.5.2 Configuring the Software...............................................................................................27
3 Measurements and Result Displays...................................................29
3.1 Numerical Results.......................................................................................................30
3.2 Measuring the Power Over Time............................................................................... 33
3.3 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)..........................................................35
3.4 Measuring the Spectrum............................................................................................ 38
3.4.1 Frequency Sweep Measurements................................................................................ 38
3.4.2 I/Q Measurements.........................................................................................................41
3.5 Measuring the Symbol Constellation........................................................................ 46
3.6 Measuring Statistics................................................................................................... 48
3.7 3GPP Test Scenarios.................................................................................................. 50
4 General Settings...................................................................................52
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4.1 Configuring the Measurement................................................................................... 52
4.1.1 Defining General Signal Characteristics....................................................................... 52
4.1.2 Configuring the Input.....................................................................................................53
4.1.3 Configuring the Input Level........................................................................................... 54
4.1.4 Configuring the Data Capture....................................................................................... 56
4.1.5 Configuring Measurement Results................................................................................58
4.1.6 Configuring Time Alignment Measurements................................................................. 61
4.2 Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups..................................................................61
4.3 Triggering Measurements.......................................................................................... 63
4.4 Spectrum Settings...................................................................................................... 64
4.4.1 Configuring SEM and ACLR Measurements.................................................................64
4.4.2 Configuring Spectrum Flatness Measurements............................................................ 66
4.5 Advanced Settings......................................................................................................66
Contents
4.5.1 Controlling I/Q Data.......................................................................................................67
4.5.2 Configuring the Baseband Input....................................................................................67
4.5.3 Using Advanced Input Settings..................................................................................... 68
4.5.4 Configuring the Digital I/Q Input.................................................................................... 69
4.5.5 Global Settings..............................................................................................................69
5 Demod Settings....................................................................................71
5.1 Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation................................................................. 71
5.1.1 Configuring the Data Analysis.......................................................................................71
5.1.2 Compensating Signal Errors......................................................................................... 74
5.2 Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics..................................................................... 75
5.2.1 Defining the Physical Signal Characteristics.................................................................75
5.2.2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity..................................................................77
5.2.3 Configuring Subframes................................................................................................. 78
5.3 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics...............................................................83
5.3.1 Configuring the Demodulation Reference Signal.......................................................... 83
5.3.2 Configuring the Sounding Reference Signal................................................................. 85
5.3.3 Defining the PUSCH Structure......................................................................................88
5.3.4 Defining the PUCCH Structure......................................................................................90
5.3.5 Defining the PRACH Structure......................................................................................92
5.3.6 Defining Global Signal Characteristics..........................................................................93
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6 Analyzing Measurement Results........................................................ 95
7 Data Management................................................................................ 98
7.1 Importing and Exporting I/Q Data..............................................................................98
7.2 Managing Frame Data.................................................................................................99
7.3 Customizing Reference Symbols............................................................................ 100
7.4 Importing and Exporting Limits...............................................................................101
8 Measurement Basics......................................................................... 102
8.1 Symbols and Variables.............................................................................................102
8.2 Overview.................................................................................................................... 103
8.3 The LTE Uplink Analysis Measurement Application............................................. 103
8.3.1 Synchronization...........................................................................................................104
8.3.2 Analysis.......................................................................................................................105
Contents
8.4 MIMO Measurement Guide....................................................................................... 107
8.4.1 MIMO Measurements with Signal Analyzers.............................................................. 107
8.4.2 MIMO Measurements with Oscilloscopes................................................................... 111
8.5 Performing Time Alignment Measurements...........................................................113
8.6 SRS EVM Calculation................................................................................................114
9 Remote Commands........................................................................... 116
9.1 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes................................................................ 116
9.2 Introduction............................................................................................................... 117
9.2.1 Long and Short Form.................................................................................................. 117
9.2.2 Numeric Suffixes......................................................................................................... 118
9.2.3 Optional Keywords...................................................................................................... 118
9.2.4 | (Vertical Stroke).........................................................................................................118
9.2.5 SCPI Parameters........................................................................................................ 119
9.3 Remote Commands to Select a Result Display......................................................121
9.4 Remote Commands to Perform Measurements..................................................... 122
9.5 Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results.......................................................123
9.6 Remote Commands to Read Trace Data.................................................................130
9.6.1 Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command.......................................................................... 130
9.6.2 Reading Out Limit Check Results............................................................................... 140
9.7 Remote Commands to Configure General Settings.............................................. 150
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9.7.1 Remote Commands for General Settings................................................................... 150
9.7.2 Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups....................................................................157
9.7.3 Using a Trigger............................................................................................................160
9.7.4 Configuring Spectrum Measurements.........................................................................161
9.7.5 Remote Commands for Advanced Settings................................................................ 164
9.8 Remote Commands to Configure the Demodulation.............................................167
9.8.1 Remote Commands for UL Demodulation Settings.................................................... 167
9.8.2 Remote Commands for UL Signal Characteristics......................................................171
9.8.3 Remote Commands for UL Advanced Signal Characteristics.....................................178
9.9 Configuring the Software......................................................................................... 189
9.10 Managing Files.......................................................................................................... 190
List of Commands..............................................................................192
Contents
Index....................................................................................................197
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1 Introduction
Currently, UMTS networks worldwide are being upgraded to high speed downlink
packet access (HSDPA) in order to increase data rate and capacity for downlink packet
data. In the next step, high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) will boost uplink performance in UMTS networks. While HSDPA was introduced as a 3GPP Release 5 feature, HSUPA is an important feature of 3GPP Release 6. The combination of HSDPA
and HSUPA is often referred to as HSPA.
However, even with the introduction of HSPA, the evolution of UMTS has not reached
its end. HSPA+ will bring significant enhancements in 3GPP Release 7. The objective
is to enhance the performance of HSPA-based radio networks in terms of spectrum
efficiency, peak data rate and latency, and to exploit the full potential of WCDMAbased
5 MHz operation. Important features of HSPA+ are downlink multiple input multiple output (MIMO), higher order modulation for uplink and downlink, improvements of layer 2
protocols, and continuous packet connectivity.
In order to ensure the competitiveness of UMTS for the next 10 years and beyond,
concepts for UMTS long term evolution (LTE) have been investigated. The objective is
a high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio access technology. Therefore, a study item was launched in 3GPP Release 7 on evolved UMTS terrestrial radio
access (EUTRA) and evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN). LTE/
EUTRA will then form part of 3GPP Release 8 core specifications.
Introduction
Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution
This introduction focuses on LTE/EUTRA technology. In the following, the terms LTE
or EUTRA are used interchangeably.
In the context of the LTE study item, 3GPP work first focused on the definition of
requirements, e.g. targets for data rate, capacity, spectrum efficiency, and latency.
Also commercial aspects such as costs for installing and operating the network were
considered. Based on these requirements, technical concepts for the air interface
transmission schemes and protocols were studied. Notably, LTE uses new multiple
access schemes on the air interface: orthogonal frequency division multiple access
(OFDMA) in downlink and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA)
in uplink. Furthermore, MIMO antenna schemes form an essential part of LTE. In an
attempt to simplify protocol architecture, LTE brings some major changes to the existing UMTS protocol concepts. Impact on the overall network architecture including the
core network is being investigated in the context of 3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE).
● Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution.........................................................7
● Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme................................................. 9
● References..............................................................................................................13
1.1 Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution
LTE is focusing on optimum support of packet switched (PS) services. Main requirements for the design of an LTE system are documented in 3GPP TR 25.913 [1] and
can be summarized as follows:
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Data Rate: Peak data rates target 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink) for
●
20 MHz spectrum allocation, assuming two receive antennas and one transmit
antenna are at the terminal.
Throughput: The target for downlink average user throughput per MHz is three to
●
four times better than Release 6. The target for uplink average user throughput per
MHz is two to three times better than Release 6.
Spectrum efficiency: The downlink target is three to four times better than Release
●
6. The uplink target is two to three times better than Release 6.
Latency: The one-way transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer
●
in either the UE or radio access network and the availability of this packet at IP
layer in the radio access network/UE shall be less than 5 ms. Also C-plane latency
shall be reduced, e.g. to allow fast transition times of less than 100 ms from
camped state to active state.
Bandwidth: Scaleable bandwidths of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz shall
●
be supported. Also bandwidths smaller than 5 MHz shall be supported for more
flexibility.
Interworking: Interworking with existing UTRAN/GERAN systems and non-3GPP
●
systems shall be ensured. Multimode terminals shall support handover to and from
UTRAN and GERAN as well as inter-RAT measurements. Interruption time for
handover between EUTRAN and UTRAN/GERAN shall be less than 300 ms for
realtime services and less than 500 ms for non-realtime services.
Multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS): MBMS shall be further enhanced
●
and is then referred to as E-MBMS.
Costs: Reduced CAPEX and OPEX including backhaul shall be achieved. Costef-
●
fective migration from Release 6 UTRA radio interface and architecture shall be
possible. Reasonable system and terminal complexity, cost, and power consumption shall be ensured. All the interfaces specified shall be open for multivendor
equipment interoperability.
Mobility: The system should be optimized for low mobile speed (0 to 15 km/h), but
●
higher mobile speeds shall be supported as well, including high speed train environment as a special case.
Spectrum allocation: Operation in paired (frequency division duplex / FDD mode)
●
and unpaired spectrum (time division duplex / TDD mode) is possible.
Co-existence: Co-existence in the same geographical area and co-location with
●
GERAN/UTRAN shall be ensured. Also, co-existence between operators in adjacent bands as well as cross-border co-existence is a requirement.
Quality of Service: End-to-end quality of service (QoS) shall be supported. VoIP
●
should be supported with at least as good radio and backhaul efficiency and
latency as voice traffic over the UMTS circuit switched networks.
Network synchronization: Time synchronization of different network sites shall not
●
be mandated.
Introduction
Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution
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Introduction
Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme
1.2 Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme
1.2.1 SC-FDMA
During the study item phase of LTE, alternatives for the optimum uplink transmission
scheme were investigated. While OFDMA is seen optimum to fulfil the LTE requirements in downlink, OFDMA properties are less favourable for the uplink. This is mainly
due to weaker peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) properties of an OFDMA signal,
resulting in worse uplink coverage.
Thus, the LTE uplink transmission scheme for FDD and TDD mode is based on
SCFDMA with a cyclic prefix. SC-FDMA signals have better PAPR properties compared to an OFDMA signal. This was one of the main reasons for selecting SC-FDMA
as LTE uplink access scheme. The PAPR characteristics are important for cost-effective design of UE power amplifiers. Still, SC-FDMA signal processing has some similarities with OFDMA signal processing, so parameterization of downlink and uplink can be
harmonized.
There are different possibilities how to generate an SC-FDMA signal. DFT-spreadOFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) has been selected for EUTRA. The principle is illustrated in fig-
ure 1-1.
For DFT-s-OFDM, a size-M DFT is first applied to a block of M modulation symbols.
QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM are used as uplink EUTRA modulation schemes, the latter being optional for the UE. The DFT transforms the modulation symbols into the frequency domain. The result is mapped onto the available sub-carriers. In EUTRA
uplink, only localized transmission on consecutive sub-carriers is allowed. An N point
IFFT where N>M is then performed as in OFDM, followed by addition of the cyclic prefix and parallel to serial conversion.
Fig. 1-1: Block Diagram of DFT-s-OFDM (Localized Transmission)
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The DFT processing is therefore the fundamental difference between SC-FDMA and
OFDMA signal generation. This is indicated by the term DFT-spread-OFDM. In an
SCFDMA signal, each sub-carrier used for transmission contains information of all
transmitted modulation symbols, since the input data stream has been spread by the
DFT transform over the available sub-carriers. In contrast to this, each sub-carrier of
an OFDMA signal only carries information related to specific modulation symbols.
Introduction
Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme
1.2.2 SC-FDMA Parameterization
The EUTRA uplink structure is similar to the downlink. An uplink radio frame consists
of 20 slots of 0.5 ms each, and 1 subframe consists of 2 slots. The slot structure is
shown in figure 1-2.
Each slot carries
SC-FDMA symbols, where = 7 for the normal cyclic prefix
and = 6 for the extended cyclic prefix. SC-FDMA symbol number 3 (i.e. the 4th
symbol in a slot) carries the reference signal for channel demodulation.
Fig. 1-2: Uplink Slot Structure
Also for the uplink, a bandwidth agnostic layer 1 specification has been selected. The
table below shows the configuration parameters in an overview table.
1.2.3 Uplink Data Transmission
In uplink, data is allocated in multiples of one resource block. Uplink resource block
size in the frequency domain is 12 sub-carriers, i.e. the same as in downlink. However,
not all integer multiples are allowed in order to simplify the DFT design in uplink signal
processing. Only factors 2, 3, and 5 are allowed.
The uplink transmission time interval (TTI) is 1 ms (same as downlink).
User data is carried on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) that is determined by the transmission bandwidth NTx and the frequency hopping pattern k0.
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The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) carries uplink control information, e.g.
CQI reports and ACK/NACK information related to data packets received in the downlink. The PUCCH is transmitted on a reserved frequency region in the uplink.
Introduction
Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme
1.2.4 Uplink Reference Signal Structure
Uplink reference signals are used for two different purposes: on the one hand, they are
used for channel estimation in the eNodeB receiver in order to demodulate control and
data channels. On the other hand, the reference signals provide channel quality information as a basis for scheduling decisions in the base station. The latter purpose is
also called channel sounding.
The uplink reference signals are based on CAZAC (Constant Amplitude Zero AutoCorrelation) sequences.
1.2.5 Uplink Physical Layer Procedures
For EUTRA, the following uplink physical layer procedures are especially important:
Non-synchronized random access
Random access may be used to request initial access, as part of handover, when transiting from idle to connected, or to re-establish uplink synchronization. The structure is
shown in figure 1-3.
Fig. 1-3: Random Access Structure, principle
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Multiple random access channels may be defined in the frequency domain within one
access period TRA in order to provide a sufficient number of random access opportuni-
ties.
For random access, a preamble is defined as shown in figure 1-4. The preamble
sequence occupies T
one subframe of 1 ms. During the guard time TGT, nothing is transmitted. The preamble
bandwidth is 1.08 MHz (72 sub-carriers). Higher layer signalling controls in which sub-
frames the preamble transmission is allowed, and the location in the frequency
domain. Per cell, there are 64 random access preambles. They are generated from
Zadoff-Chu sequences.
Introduction
Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme
= 0.8 ms and the cyclic prefix occupies TCP = 0.1 ms within
PRE
Fig. 1-4: Random Access Preamble
The random access procedure uses open loop power control with power ramping similar to WCDMA. After sending the preamble on a selected random access channel, the
UE waits for the random access response message. If no response is detected then
another random access channel is selected and a preamble is sent again.
Uplink scheduling
Scheduling of uplink resources is done by eNodeB. The eNodeB assigns certain time/
frequency resources to the UEs and informs UEs about transmission formats to use.
Scheduling decisions affecting the uplink are communicated to the UEs via the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in the downlink. The scheduling decisions may
be based on QoS parameters, UE buffer status, uplink channel quality measurements,
UE capabilities, UE measurement gaps, etc.
Uplink link adaptation
As uplink link adaptation methods, transmission power control, adaptive modulation
and channel coding rate, as well as adaptive transmission bandwidth can be used.
Uplink timing control
Uplink timing control is needed to time align the transmissions from different UEs with
the receiver window of the eNodeB. The eNodeB sends the appropriate timing-control
commands to the UEs in the downlink, commanding them to adapt their respective
transmit timing.
Hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ)
The Uplink Hybrid ARQ protocol is already known from HSUPA. The eNodeB has the
capability to request retransmissions of incorrectly received data packets.
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Introduction
References
1.3 References
[1] 3GPP TS 25.913: Requirements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN (Release 7)
[2] 3GPP TR 25.892: Feasibility Study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) for UTRAN enhancement (Release 6)
[3] 3GPP TS 36.211 v8.3.0: Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 8)
[4] 3GPP TS 36.300: E-UTRA and E-UTRAN; Overall Description; Stage 2 (Release 8)
[5] 3GPP TS 22.978: All-IP Network (AIPN) feasibility study (Release 7)
[6] 3GPP TS 25.213: Spreading and modulation (FDD)
[7] Speth, M., Fechtel, S., Fock, G., and Meyr, H.: Optimum Receiver Design for Wireless Broad-Band Systems Using OFDM – Part I. IEEE Trans. on Commun. Vol. 47
(1999) No. 11, pp. 1668-1677.
[8] Speth, M., Fechtel, S., Fock, G., and Meyr, H.: Optimum Receiver Design for
OFDM-Based Broadband Transmission – Part II: A Case Study. IEEE Trans. on Commun. Vol. 49 (2001) No. 4, pp. 571-578.
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2 Welcome
The EUTRA/LTE measurement software makes use of the I/Q capture functionality of
the following spectrum and signal analyzers to enable EUTRA/LTE TX measurements
conforming to the EUTRA specification.
R&S FSQ
●
R&S FSG
●
R&S FSV
●
R&S FSVR
●
R&S FSW
●
R&S RTO
●
This manual contains all information necessary to configure, perform and analyze such
measurements.
● Licensing the Software............................................................................................14
● Installing the Software.............................................................................................17
● Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer............................................................... 17
● Application Overview...............................................................................................23
● Configuring the Software.........................................................................................25
Welcome
Licensing the Software
2.1 Licensing the Software
The software provides the following general functionality.
● To capture and analyze I/Q data from an R&S®FSW, R&S®FSV, R&S®FSVR,
R&S®FSQ, R&S®FSG or R&S®RTO.
To read and analyze I/Q data from a file.
●
License type
You can purchase two different license types for the software.
● R&S®FS-K10xPC
This license supports software operation with and without an R&S instrument (analyzer or oscilloscope).
The software works with a connection to an analyzer but also supports the analysis
of data stored in a file. This license type requires a smartcard reader (dongle).
● R&S®FSV/FSQ-K10x
This license requires a connection to an R&S®FSV, R&S®FSVR, R&S®FSQ or
R&S®FSG. The license must be installed on the analyzer.
Using the smartcard reader (dongle)
Before you can use the software, you have to load the license(s) on a smartcard (if you
already have one) or order a new smartcard (R&S FSPC). New license types are available as registered licenses (see below).
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You can use the smart card together with the USB smart card reader (for SIM format)
supplied with the software. Alternatively, you can insert the smart card (full format) in a
reader that is connected to or built into your PC.
Note that support for problems with the smart card licensing can only be guaranteed if
the supplied USB smart card reader (for SIM format) is used.
1.
With the delivery of the R&S FSPC you got a smart card and a smart card reader.
2. Remove the smart card.
Welcome
Licensing the Software
3. Insert the smart card into the reader.
If the OMNIKEY label faces upward, the smart card has to be inserted with the chip
facedown and the angled corner facing away from the reader.
4. After pushing the smart card completely inside the USB smart card reader, you can
use it together with the software.
When you insert the USB Smartcard reader into the PC, the drivers will be loaded. If
your PC does not already have drivers installed for this reader, the hardware will not be
detected and the software will not work.
In this case, install the required driver manually. On the CD, it is in the folder
\Install\USB SmartCard Reader Driver Files, named according to the pro-
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cessor architecture (OMNIKEY3x21_x86... or OMNIKEY3x21_x64). Detailed information on the file content and the download location for updated drivers can be found in
the ReadMe.txt file in the same folder.
You may have problems locking a computer while the card is inserted, because MS
Windows tries to get log-in information from the card immediately after you have locked
the computer.
Solve this issue by changing a registry entry.
Either execute the registry file DisableCAD.reg in the same folder the USM Smartcard
reader installation files are located. Or manually change the entry.
Open the Windows Start Menu and select the "Run" item.
●
Enter "regedit" in the dialog to open the system reigistry.
●
Navigate to
●
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\
policies\system.
Set the value of DisableCAD to 0.
●
Welcome
Licensing the Software
Note that security policies may prevent you from editing the value. Contact your IT
administrator if you have problems with editing the value or installing the drivers.
Ordering licenses
In case of registered licenses, the license key code is based on the serial number of
the R&S FSPC smartcard. Thus, you need to know the serial number when you order
a new license.
1. Start the software (without a connected dongle).
2. Press the SETUP key.
3. Press the "Dongle License Info" softkey.
The software opens the "Rohde & Schwarz License Information" dialog box.
4. Connect the smartcard / dongle to the computer.
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5. Press the "Check Licenses" button.
The software shows all current licenses.
The serial number which is necessary to know if you need a license is shown in the
"Serial" column.
The "Device ID" also contains the serial number.
6. To enter a new license code, press the "Enter License Key Code" button.
Welcome
Installing the Software
2.2 Installing the Software
For information on the installation procedure see the release notes of the software.
2.3 Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
In order to be able to communicate with an analyzer (R&S FSQ, R&S FSG, R&S FSV,
R&S FSVR or R&S FSW) or oscilloscope (R&S RTO family), you have to connect it to
a computer. You can use the IEEE bus (GPIB) or a local area network (LAN).
Requirements
To be able to capture I/Q data, you need one of the signal analyzers or oscilloscopes
mentioned above.
If you are using an R&S FSQ, you must
use firmware 3.65 or higher to be able to establish a connection via TCP/IP
●
or
install the RSIB passport driver on the computer.
●
The driver is available for download at http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/
1EF47
To establish a connection, you also have to determine the network address of the analyzer and set it up in the LTE software.
2.3.1 Instrument Configuration
The functionality necessary to establish the connection to the test equipment is part of
the "Analyzer Config / MIMO Setup" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.
The software supports simultaneous connections to several analyzers or oscilloscopes.
Using a combination of analyzers and oscilloscopes is also possible. The software
automatically detects if you have connected an analyzer or an oscilloscope. On the
whole, you can perform measurement on up to eight input channels. Each input channel captures one I/Q data stream.
If you use a spectrum or signal analyzer, one input channel corresponds to one instrument's RF input. Thus, the required number of analyzers depends on the number of I/Q
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data streams you want to measure. The analyzers have to be connected to each other
with one analyzer controlling the other instruments by providing the trigger.
If you use an oscilloscope, the number of required instruments depends on the number
of channels available on the oscilloscope.
● General Instrument Configuration...........................................................................18
● Instrument Connection Configuration......................................................................19
Welcome
Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
2.3.1.1 General Instrument Configuration
The general analyzer or oscilloscope configuration determines the general MIMO
setup. The purpose of the general MIMO setup is to assign an analyzer or oscilloscope
channel to a particular I/Q data stream.
For successful measurements, you have to configure each instrument individually in
the "Analyzer Configuration" table.
The number of table rows depends on the number of antennas you have selected.
Input Channel
Shows the number of the analyzer in the test setup or the channel number of an oscilloscope.
If you are using several instruments, the first input channel always represents the controlling (master) instrument.
VISA RSC
Opens a dialog box to configure the instrument connection in the network (see chap-
ter 2.3.1.2, "Instrument Connection Configuration", on page 19.
If you perform MIMO measurements with several instruments, you have to establish a
network connection for each instrument.
Number of Channels
Defines the number of channels of an oscilloscope that you want to use.
The number of instruments to configure is reduced if you use an instrument with more
than one channel. The software also adjusts the contents of the "Analyzer Input Channel".
If you perform the measurement with one or more signal analyzers (for example
R&S FSW), the number of channels has to be "1".
SCPI command:
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CONFigure:ACONfig<instrument>:NCHannels on page 158
Analyzer Input Channel
Assigns one of the I/Q data streams (input channel) to a particular oscilloscope channel.
The "Analyzer Input Channel" has no effect if you use only instruments that have a single input channel.
SCPI command:
CONFigure:ACONfig<instrument>:ICSequence on page 158
Welcome
Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
2.3.1.2 Instrument Connection Configuration
The "Instrument Connection Configuration" dialog box contains functionality that is
necessary to successfully establish a connection in a network of analyzers. The dialog
box contains several elements.
Interface Type
Selects the type of interface you want to use. You have to connect the analyzer or
oscilloscope via LAN interface or the IEEE bus (GPIB).
Number
Selects the number of the interface if the PC has more than one interfaces (e.g. several LAN cards).
Address
Defines the address of the instrument. The type of content depends on the interface
type.
GPIB Address
●
Primary GPIB address of the analyzer. Possible values are in the range from 0 to
31. The default GPIB address for an R&S instruments is 20.
Available for IEEE bus systems using the IEEE 488 protocol. The interface type is
GPIB.
IP Address or Computer Name
●
Name or host address (TCP/IP) of the computer.
Available for LAN bus systems using either the VXI-11 protocol or a
Rohde&Schwarz specific protocol (RSIB). The interface type is either LAN (VXI-11)
or LAN (RSIB).
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Contact your local IT support for information on free IP addresses.
– The RSIB protocol is supported by all firmware version of the R&S analyzers
–
Complete VISA Resource String
●
Allows you to enter the complete VISA resource string manually. A VISA string is
made up out of the elements mentioned above, separated by double colons (::),
e.g. GPIB::20::INSTR.
Available for interface type "Free Entry".
Subsystem
Shows the subsystem in use. Typically you do not have to change the subsystem.
VISA RSC
Shows or defines the complete VISA resource string.
Welcome
Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
and oscilloscopes.
The VXI-11 protocol is supported as of R&S FSQ firmware version 3.65 and by
all firmware version of the R&S FSV(R), R&S FSG and oscilloscopes.
SCPI command:
CONFigure:ACONfig<instrument>:ADDRess on page 157
Test Connection
Button that tests the connection.
If the connection has been established successfully, the software returns a PASSED
message. If not, it shows a FAILED message.
2.3.2 Figuring Out IP Addresses
Each of the supported instruments logs its network connection information in a different
place. Find instructions on how to find out the necessary information below.
2.3.2.1 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSQ or R&S FSG
Follow these steps to figure out GPIB or IP address of an R&S FSQ or R&S FSG.
Figuring Out the GPIB address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "GPIB" softkey.
The R&S FSQ / FSG opens a dialog box that shows its current GPIB address.
Figuring Out the IP address
1. Press the SETUP key.
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2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "Configure Network" softkey.
4. Press the "Configure Network" softkey.
The MS Windows "Network Connections" dialog box opens.
5. Select the "Local Area Connection" item.
The "Local Area Connection Status" dialog box opens.
6. Select the "Support" tab.
The "Support" tab shows the current TCP/IP information of the R&S FSQ.
Welcome
Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
2.3.2.2 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSV or R&S FSVR
Follow these steps to figure out the GPIB or IP address of an R&S FSV or R&S FSVR.
Figuring Out the GPIB address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "GPIB" softkey.
4. Press the "GPIB Address" softkey.
The R&S FSV(R) opens a dialog box that shows its current GPIB address.
Figuring Out the IP address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "Network Address" softkey.
4. Press the "IP Address" softkey.
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The R&S FSV(R) opens a dialog box that contains information about the LAN connection.
Welcome
Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
2.3.2.3 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSW
Follow these steps to figure out the GPIB or IP address of an R&S FSW.
Figuring Out the GPIB address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "Network + Remote" softkey.
The R&S FSW opens the "Network & Remote" dialog box.
3. Select the "GPIB" tab.
The R&S FSW shows information about the GPIB connection, including the GPIB
address.
Figuring Out the IP address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "Network + Remote" softkey.
The R&S FSW opens the "Network & Remote" dialog box and shows its current IP
address in the corresponding field.
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Welcome
Application Overview
2.3.2.4 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S RTO
Follow these steps to figure out the network address of an R&S RTO.
► Press the SETUP key.
The R&S RTO opens a dialog box that contains general information about the system.
2.4 Application Overview
Starting the application
To start the software, use either the shortcut on the computer desktop or the entry in
the Microsoft Windows Start menu.
If you run the software on an analyzer, access the software via the "Mode" menu.
► Press the MODE key and select "EUTRA/LTE".
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Presetting the software
When you first start the software, all settings are in their default state. After you have
changed any parameter, you can restore the default state with the PRESET key.
Note that using the preset function also presets an analyzer if one is connected and
you capture the data from the hardware.
CONFigure:PRESet on page 189
Using the preset if the software has been installed on an R&S FSQ, R&S FSG,
R&S FSV, R&S FSVR or R&S FSW presets the software and the analyzer and exits
the LTE software.
SCPI command:
*RST
Elements and layout of the user interface
The user interface of the LTE measurement application is made up of several elements.
Welcome
Application Overview
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1 = Header table. The header table shows basic information like measurement frequency or sync state.
2 = Diagram area. The diagram area contains the measurement results. You can display it in full screen or
split screen mode. The result display is separated in a header that shows the title etc. and the diagram
area that show the actual results.
3 = Status bar. The status bar contains information about the current status of the measurement and the
software.
4 = Hotkeys. Hotkeys contain functionality to control the measurement process.
5 = Softkeys. Softkeys contain functionality to configure and select measurement functions.
6 = Hardkeys. Hardkeys open new softkey menus.
The status bar
The status bar is located at the bottom of the display. It shows the current measurement status and its progress in a running measurement. The status bar also shows
warning and error messages. Error messages are generally highlighted.
Display of measurement settings
The header table above the result displays shows information on hardware and measurement settings.
Welcome
Configuring the Software
The header table includes the following information
Freq
●
The analyzer RF frequency.
Mode
●
Link direction, duplexing, cyclic prefix and maximum number of physical resource
blocks (PRBs) / signal bandwidth.
CP/Cell Grp/ID
●
Shows the cell identity information.
Sync State
●
The following synchronization states may occur:
– OK The synchronization was successful.
– FAIL The synchronization has failed.
SCPI Command:
[SENSe]:SYNC[:STATe]? on page 123
Master Ref Level
●
Shows the reference level of the master analyzer.
Capture Time/Frame
●
Shows the capture length in ms.
In PRACH analysis mode, it also shows the preamble that is currently analyzed.
2.5 Configuring the Software
This chapter contains information about general software functionality.
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Welcome
Configuring the Software
2.5.1 Configuring the Display
The "Display" menu contains functionality to improve the display and documentation of
results.
► Press the DISP key.
The application features four screens (or result displays). Each of the screens may
contain a different result display. The number of visible screens depends on the screen
layout.
Full screen mode
In full screen mode, the application shows the contents a single screen.
► Press the "Full Screen" softkey.
If you have configured more than one result displays, these are still working in the
background.
Split screen mode
In split screen mode, the application shows the contents of two screens, either screen
A and screen B or screen C and screen D.
► Press the "Split Screen" softkey.
If you have configured more than two result displays, these are still working in the
background.
2x2 split screen mode
In 2x2 split screen mode, the application shows the contents of four screens.
► Press the "2x2 Split Screen" softkey.
Limitations
For the Spectrum Emission Mask, ACLR and Time Alignment measurements, a maximum of two screens is possible.
By default, the software shows the results in all four screens. The screens are labeled
A to D to the right of the measurement diagrams. The label of the currently active
screen is highlighted green ( ). The currently active screen is the one settings are
applied to.
Switch between the screens with the "Screen A", "Screen B", "Screen C" and "Screen
D" hotkeys.
The background color of the software by default is black. Apply another color via the
"Color Selection" softkey and the corresponding dialog box.
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For documentation purposes the software provides a hardcopy function that lets you
save the current results in one of the following formats.
bmp
●
gif
●
jpeg
●
png
●
tiff
●
Use the "Hardcopy to Clipboard" function to take a screenshot.
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SELect on page 189
Welcome
Configuring the Software
2.5.2 Configuring the Software
The "Setup" menu contains various general software functions.
► Press the SETUP key to access the "Setup" menu.
Configure Analyzer Connection
Opens the "General Settings" dialog box.
For more information see "MIMO Analyzer Configuration" on page 62.
Data Source (Instr File)
Selects the general input source (an instrument or a file).
For more information see "Selecting the Input Source" on page 54.
Dongle License Info
Opens the "Rohde & Schwarz License Information" dialog box.
The dialog box contains functionality to add new (registered) licenses. For more information see chapter 2.1, "Licensing the Software", on page 14.
"Check Licenses"
Looks for all smartcards connected to the computer and returns their
characteristics like the serial number of the smartcard or its device ID.
Note that the smartcard has to be connected to figure out its properties.
"Enter License
Key Code"
"Process
License File"
Opens an input field to manually enter a new license key code. A key
code consists of 30 digits.
Opens a dialog box to select a file (xml format) that contains a
license. Opening that file automatically adds a new license.
Show Logging
Opens a dialog box that contains a log of all messages that the software has shown in
the status bar.
Use the message log for debugging purposes in case any errors occur. You can
refresh and clear the contents of the log or copy the contents of the system log to the
clipboard.
"Refresh"
Updates the contents of the log.
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Welcome
Configuring the Software
"Clear All"
"Copy to Clipboard"
System Info
Opens a dialog box that contains information about the system like driver versions or
the utility software. You can use this information in case an analyzer does not work
properly.
Deletes all entries in the log.
Copies the contents of the log to the clipboard.
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3 Measurements and Result Displays
The LTE measurement analyzer features several measurements to examine and analyze different aspects of an LTE signal.
The source of the data that is processed is either a live signal or a previously recorded
signal whose characteristics have been saved to a file. For more information see
"Selecting the Input Source" on page 54.
In both cases, you can perform a continuous or a single measurement.
Continuous measurements capture and analyze the signal continuously and stop only
after you turn it off manually.
► Press the "Run Cont" softkey to start and stop continuous measurements.
Single measurements capture and analyze the signal over a particular time span or
number of frames. The measurement stops after the time has passed or the frames
have been captured.
Measurements and Result Displays
► Press the "Run Sgl" softkey to start a single measurement.
You can also repeat a measurement based on the data that has already been captured, e.g. if you want to apply different demodulation settings to the same signal.
► Press the "Refresh" softkey to measure the signal again.
This chapter provides information on all types of measurements that the LTE measurement analyzer supports.
Note that all measurements are based on the I/Q data that is captured except the
Spectrum Emission Mask and the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio. Those are based
on a frequency sweep the analyzer performs for the measurement.
SCPI command:
INITiate[:IMMediate] on page 122
INITiate:REFResh on page 122
● Numerical Results...................................................................................................30
● Measuring the Power Over Time............................................................................ 33
● Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)........................................................35
● Measuring the Spectrum.........................................................................................38
● Measuring the Symbol Constellation.......................................................................46
● Measuring Statistics................................................................................................48
● 3GPP Test Scenarios..............................................................................................50
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Measurements and Result Displays
Numerical Results
3.1 Numerical Results
Result Summary
The Result Summary shows all relevant measurement results in numerical form, combined in one table.
▶ Press the "Display (List Graph)" softkey so that the "List" element turns green to view
the Result Summary.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TABLe on page 122
Contents of the result summary
The contents of the result summary depend on the analysis mode you have selected.
The first screenshot shows the results for PUSCH/PUCCH analysis mode, the second
one those for PRACH analysis mode.
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