R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
R&S®FSV‑K100/102/104
R&S®FSQ‑K100/102/104
EUTRA / LTE Downlink PC Software
User Manual
(=8èMZ)
1308.9029.42 ─ 17
User Manual
Test & Measurement
This manual covers the following products.
●
R&S®FSQ-K100 (1308.9006.02)
●
R&S®FSQ-K102 (1309.9000.02)
●
R&S®FSQ-K104 (1309.9422.02)
●
R&S®FSV-K100 (1310.9051.02)
●
R&S®FSV-K102 (1310.9151.02)
●
R&S®FSV-K104 (1309.9774.02)
●
R&S®FS-K100PC (1309.9916.02)
●
R&S®FS-K102PC (1309.9939.02)
●
R&S®FS-K104PC (1309.9951.02)
The R&S®FS-K10xPC versions are available for the following spectrum and signal analyzers and oscilloscopes
●
R&S®FSG
●
R&S®FSQ
●
R&S®FSV
●
R&S®FSVR
●
R&S®FSW
●
R&S®RTO
The contents of the manual correspond to version 3.40 or higher.
© 2014 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
E-mail: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FS-K100/-K102/-K104 is abbreviated as R&S FS-K100/-K102/-
K104.
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Contents
1 Introduction............................................................................................ 7
1.1 Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution.......................................................... 7
1.2 Long-Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme............................................9
1.2.1 OFDMA........................................................................................................................... 9
1.2.2 OFDMA Parameterization............................................................................................. 10
1.2.3 Downlink Data Transmission.........................................................................................12
1.2.4 Downlink Reference Signal Structure and Cell Search.................................................12
1.2.5 Downlink Physical Layer Procedures............................................................................14
1.3 References...................................................................................................................14
2 Welcome............................................................................................... 16
Contents
2.1 Licensing the Software...............................................................................................16
2.2 Installing the Software................................................................................................19
2.3 Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer................................................................ 19
2.3.1 Instrument Configuration...............................................................................................19
2.3.2 Figuring Out IP Addresses............................................................................................ 22
2.4 Application Overview..................................................................................................25
2.5 Configuring the Software........................................................................................... 28
2.5.1 Configuring the Display................................................................................................. 28
2.5.2 Configuring the Software...............................................................................................29
3 Measurements and Result Displays...................................................31
3.1 Numerical Results.......................................................................................................32
3.2 Measuring the Power Over Time............................................................................... 34
3.3 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)..........................................................40
3.4 Measuring the Spectrum............................................................................................ 45
3.4.1 Frequency Sweep Measurements................................................................................ 45
3.4.2 I/Q Measurements.........................................................................................................49
3.5 Measuring the Symbol Constellation........................................................................ 52
3.6 Measuring Statistics................................................................................................... 54
3.7 Measuring Beamforming............................................................................................ 60
3.8 3GPP Test Scenarios.................................................................................................. 66
3User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
4 General Settings...................................................................................68
4.1 Configuring the Measurement................................................................................... 68
4.1.1 Defining General Signal Characteristics....................................................................... 68
4.1.2 Configuring the Input.....................................................................................................69
4.1.3 Configuring the Input Level........................................................................................... 70
4.1.4 Configuring the Data Capture....................................................................................... 72
4.1.5 Configuring Measurement Results................................................................................74
4.1.6 Configuring Time Alignment Measurements................................................................. 76
4.1.7 Configuring Transmit On/Off Power Measurements..................................................... 77
4.2 Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups..................................................................78
4.3 Triggering Measurements.......................................................................................... 81
4.4 Spectrum Settings...................................................................................................... 82
4.4.1 Configuring SEM and ACLR Measurements.................................................................82
Contents
4.5 Advanced Settings......................................................................................................84
4.5.1 Controlling I/Q Data.......................................................................................................84
4.5.2 Configuring the Baseband Input....................................................................................85
4.5.3 Using Advanced Input Settings..................................................................................... 86
4.5.4 Configuring the Digital I/Q Input.................................................................................... 86
4.5.5 Global Settings..............................................................................................................87
4.5.6 Mapping Antenna Ports.................................................................................................88
5 Demod Settings....................................................................................89
5.1 Configuring Downlink Signal Demodulation............................................................ 89
5.1.1 Selecting the Demodulation Method............................................................................. 89
5.1.2 Configuring Multicarrier Base Stations..........................................................................90
5.1.3 Configuring Parameter Estimation................................................................................ 91
5.1.4 Compensating Signal Errors......................................................................................... 91
5.1.5 Configuring EVM Measurements.................................................................................. 92
5.1.6 Processing Demodulated Data..................................................................................... 93
5.1.7 Configuring MIMO Setups.............................................................................................94
5.2 Defining Downlink Signal Characteristics................................................................ 95
5.2.1 Defining the Physical Signal Characteristics.................................................................95
5.2.2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity..................................................................97
5.2.3 Configuring MIMO Measurements................................................................................ 98
4User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
5.2.4 Configuring PDSCH Subframes....................................................................................99
5.3 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics.............................................................105
5.3.1 Configuring the Synchronization Signal...................................................................... 105
5.3.2 Configuring the Reference Signal............................................................................... 106
5.3.3 Configuring Positioning Reference Signals.................................................................106
5.3.4 Configuring Channel State Information Reference Signal.......................................... 108
5.3.5 Defining the PDSCH Resource Block Symbol Offset..................................................110
5.3.6 Configuring the Control Channels............................................................................... 110
5.3.7 Configuring the Shared Channel.................................................................................115
5.4 Defining MBSFN Characteristics............................................................................. 116
5.4.1 Configuring MBSFNs.................................................................................................. 116
5.4.2 Configuring MBSFN Subframes..................................................................................117
Contents
6 Analyzing Measurement Results...................................................... 119
7 Data Management.............................................................................. 122
7.1 Importing and Exporting I/Q Data............................................................................122
7.2 Managing Frame Data...............................................................................................123
7.3 Importing and Exporting Limits...............................................................................124
8 Measurement Basics......................................................................... 126
8.1 Symbols and Variables.............................................................................................126
8.2 Overview.................................................................................................................... 127
8.3 The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Application........................................ 127
8.3.1 Synchronization...........................................................................................................127
8.3.2 Channel Estimation and Equalizitaion.........................................................................129
8.3.3 Analysis.......................................................................................................................129
8.4 MIMO Measurement Guide....................................................................................... 130
8.4.1 MIMO Measurements with Signal Analyzers.............................................................. 131
8.4.2 MIMO Measurements with Oscilloscopes................................................................... 135
8.5 Calibrating Beamforming Measurements............................................................... 136
8.6 Performing Time Alignment Measurements...........................................................138
8.7 Performing Transmit On/Off Power Measurements...............................................140
9 Remote Commands........................................................................... 142
9.1 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes................................................................ 142
5User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
9.2 Introduction............................................................................................................... 143
9.2.1 Long and Short Form.................................................................................................. 143
9.2.2 Numeric Suffixes......................................................................................................... 144
9.2.3 Optional Keywords...................................................................................................... 144
9.2.4 | (Vertical Stroke).........................................................................................................144
9.2.5 SCPI Parameters........................................................................................................ 145
9.3 Remote Commands to Select a Result Display......................................................147
9.4 Remote Commands to Perform Measurements..................................................... 148
9.5 Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results.......................................................151
9.6 Remote Commands to Read Trace Data.................................................................158
9.6.1 Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command.......................................................................... 158
9.6.2 Reading Out Limit Check Results............................................................................... 173
9.7 Remote Commands to Configure General Settings.............................................. 181
Contents
9.7.1 Remote Commands for General Settings................................................................... 181
9.7.2 Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups....................................................................190
9.7.3 Using a Trigger............................................................................................................192
9.7.4 Configuring Spectrum Measurements.........................................................................194
9.7.5 Remote Commands for Advanced Settings................................................................ 196
9.8 Remote Command to Configure the Demodulation...............................................199
9.8.1 Remote Commands for PDSCH Demodulation Settings............................................ 199
9.8.2 Remote Commands for DL Signal Characteristics......................................................204
9.8.3 Remote Commands for DL Advanced Signal Characteristics.....................................213
9.8.4 Remote Commands for MBSFN Settings................................................................... 223
9.9 Configuring the Software......................................................................................... 225
9.10 Managing Files.......................................................................................................... 226
List of Commands..............................................................................229
Index....................................................................................................234
6User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
1 Introduction
Currently, UMTS networks worldwide are being upgraded to high speed downlink
packet access (HSDPA) in order to increase data rate and capacity for downlink packet
data. In the next step, high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) will boost uplink performance in UMTS networks. While HSDPA was introduced as a 3GPP Release 5 feature, HSUPA is an important feature of 3GPP Release 6. The combination of HSDPA
and HSUPA is often referred to as HSPA.
However, even with the introduction of HSPA, the evolution of UMTS has not reached
its end. HSPA+ will bring significant enhancements in 3GPP Release 7. The objective
is to enhance the performance of HSPA-based radio networks in terms of spectrum
efficiency, peak data rate and latency, and to exploit the full potential of WCDMAbased
5 MHz operation. Important features of HSPA+ are downlink multiple input multiple output (MIMO), higher order modulation for uplink and downlink, improvements of layer 2
protocols, and continuous packet connectivity.
In order to ensure the competitiveness of UMTS for the next 10 years and beyond,
concepts for UMTS long term evolution (LTE) have been investigated. The objective is
a high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio access technology. Therefore, a study item was launched in 3GPP Release 7 on evolved UMTS terrestrial radio
access (EUTRA) and evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN). LTE/
EUTRA will then form part of 3GPP Release 8 core specifications.
Introduction
Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution
This introduction focuses on LTE/EUTRA technology. In the following, the terms LTE
or EUTRA are used interchangeably.
In the context of the LTE study item, 3GPP work first focused on the definition of
requirements, e.g. targets for data rate, capacity, spectrum efficiency, and latency.
Also commercial aspects such as costs for installing and operating the network were
considered. Based on these requirements, technical concepts for the air interface
transmission schemes and protocols were studied. Notably, LTE uses new multiple
access schemes on the air interface: orthogonal frequency division multiple access
(OFDMA) in downlink and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA)
in uplink. Furthermore, MIMO antenna schemes form an essential part of LTE. In an
attempt to simplify protocol architecture, LTE brings some major changes to the existing UMTS protocol concepts. Impact on the overall network architecture including the
core network is being investigated in the context of 3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE).
● Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution.........................................................7
● Long-Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme.............................................9
● References..............................................................................................................14
1.1 Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution
LTE is focusing on optimum support of packet switched (PS) services. Main requirements for the design of an LTE system are documented in 3GPP TR 25.913 [1] and
can be summarized as follows:
7User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Data Rate: Peak data rates target 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink) for
●
20 MHz spectrum allocation, assuming two receive antennas and one transmit
antenna are at the terminal.
Throughput: The target for downlink average user throughput per MHz is three to
●
four times better than Release 6. The target for uplink average user throughput per
MHz is two to three times better than Release 6.
Spectrum efficiency: The downlink target is three to four times better than Release
●
6. The uplink target is two to three times better than Release 6.
Latency: The one-way transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer
●
in either the UE or radio access network and the availability of this packet at IP
layer in the radio access network/UE shall be less than 5 ms. Also C-plane latency
shall be reduced, e.g. to allow fast transition times of less than 100 ms from
camped state to active state.
Bandwidth: Scaleable bandwidths of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz shall
●
be supported. Also bandwidths smaller than 5 MHz shall be supported for more
flexibility.
Interworking: Interworking with existing UTRAN/GERAN systems and non-3GPP
●
systems shall be ensured. Multimode terminals shall support handover to and from
UTRAN and GERAN as well as inter-RAT measurements. Interruption time for
handover between EUTRAN and UTRAN/GERAN shall be less than 300 ms for
realtime services and less than 500 ms for non-realtime services.
Multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS): MBMS shall be further enhanced
●
and is then referred to as E-MBMS.
Costs: Reduced CAPEX and OPEX including backhaul shall be achieved. Costef-
●
fective migration from Release 6 UTRA radio interface and architecture shall be
possible. Reasonable system and terminal complexity, cost, and power consumption shall be ensured. All the interfaces specified shall be open for multivendor
equipment interoperability.
Mobility: The system should be optimized for low mobile speed (0 to 15 km/h), but
●
higher mobile speeds shall be supported as well, including high speed train environment as a special case.
Spectrum allocation: Operation in paired (frequency division duplex / FDD mode)
●
and unpaired spectrum (time division duplex / TDD mode) is possible.
Co-existence: Co-existence in the same geographical area and co-location with
●
GERAN/UTRAN shall be ensured. Also, co-existence between operators in adjacent bands as well as cross-border co-existence is a requirement.
Quality of Service: End-to-end quality of service (QoS) shall be supported. VoIP
●
should be supported with at least as good radio and backhaul efficiency and
latency as voice traffic over the UMTS circuit switched networks.
Network synchronization: Time synchronization of different network sites shall not
●
be mandated.
Introduction
Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution
8User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Introduction
Long-Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme
1.2 Long-Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme
1.2.1 OFDMA
The downlink transmission scheme for EUTRA FDD and TDD modes is based on conventional OFDM.
In an OFDM system, the available spectrum is divided into multiple carriers, called subcarriers, which are orthogonal to each other. Each of these subcarriers is independently modulated by a low rate data stream.
OFDM is used as well in WLAN, WiMAX and broadcast technologies like DVB. OFDM
has several benefits including its robustness against multipath fading and its efficient
receiver architecture.
figure 1-1 shows a representation of an OFDM signal taken from 3GPP TR 25.892 [2].
In this figure, a signal with 5 MHz bandwidth is shown, but the principle is of course the
same for the other EUTRA bandwidths. Data symbols are independently modulated
and transmitted over a high number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers. In
EUTRA, downlink modulation schemes QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM are available.
In the time domain, a guard interval may be added to each symbol to combat interOFDM-symbol-interference due to channel delay spread. In EUTRA, the guard interval
is a cyclic prefix which is inserted prior to each OFDM symbol.
Fig. 1-1: Frequency-Time Representation of an OFDM Signal
In practice, the OFDM signal can be generated using the inverse fast Fourier transform
(IFFT) digital signal processing. The IFFT converts a number N of complex data symbols used as frequency domain bins into the time domain signal. Such an N-point IFFT
is illustrated in figure 1-2, where a(mN+n) refers to the nth subchannel modulated data
symbol, during the time period mTu < t ≤ (m+1)Tu.
9User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Fig. 1-2: OFDM useful symbol generation using an IFFT
The vector sm is defined as the useful OFDM symbol. It is the time superposition of the
N narrowband modulated subcarriers. Therefore, from a parallel stream of N sources
of data, each one independently modulated, a waveform composed of N orthogonal
subcarriers is obtained, with each subcarrier having the shape of a frequency sinc
function (see figure 1-1).
Introduction
Long-Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme
figure 1-3 illustrates the mapping from a serial stream of QAM symbols to N parallel
streams, used as frequency domain bins for the IFFT. The N-point time domain blocks
obtained from the IFFT are then serialized to create a time domain signal. Not shown
in figure 1-3 is the process of cyclic prefix insertion.
Fig. 1-3: OFDM Signal Generation Chain
In contrast to an OFDM transmission scheme, OFDMA allows the access of multiple
users on the available bandwidth. Each user is assigned a specific time-frequency
resource. As a fundamental principle of EUTRA, the data channels are shared channels, i.e. for each transmission time interval of 1 ms, a new scheduling decision is
taken regarding which users are assigned to which time/frequency resources during
this transmission time interval.
1.2.2 OFDMA Parameterization
A generic frame structure is defined for both EUTRA FDD and TDD modes. Additionally, an alternative frame structure is defined for the TDD mode only. The EUTRA
frame structures are defined in 3GPP TS 36.211. For the generic frame structure, the
10 ms radio frame is divided into 20 equally sized slots of 0.5 ms. A subframe consists
of two consecutive slots, so one radio frame contains 10 subframes. This is illustrated
in figure 1-4 (Ts expresses the basic time unit corresponding to 30.72 MHz).
10User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Fig. 1-4: Generic Frame Structure in EUTRA Downlink
figure 1-5shows the structure of the downlink resource grid for the duration of one
downlink slot. The available downlink bandwidth consists of subcarriers with a
spacing of Δf = 15 kHz. In the case of multi-cell MBMS transmission, a subcarrier
spacing of Δf = 7.5 kHz is also possible. can vary in order to allow for scalable
bandwidth operation up to 20 MHz. Initially, the bandwidths for LTE were explicitly
defined within layer 1 specifications. Later on a bandwidth agnostic layer 1 was introduced, with for the different bandwidths to be specified by 3GPP RAN4 to meet
performance requirements, e.g. for out-of-band emission requirements and regulatory
emission limits.
Introduction
Long-Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme
Fig. 1-5: Downlink Resource Grid
One downlink slot consists of OFDM symbols. To each symbol, a cyclic prefix
(CP) is appended as guard time, compare figure 1-1.
depends on the cyclic prefix
length. The generic frame structure with normal cyclic prefix length contains = 7
symbols. This translates into a cyclic prefix length of TCP≈5.2μs for the first symbol and
TCP≈4.7μs for the remaining 6 symbols. Additionally, an extended cyclic prefix is
defined in order to cover large cell scenarios with higher delay spread and MBMS
transmission. The generic frame structure with extended cyclic prefix of T
contains
= 6 OFDM symbols (subcarrier spacing 15 kHz). The generic frame
CP-E
≈16.7μs
11User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Introduction
Long-Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme
structure with extended cyclic prefix of T
carrier spacing 7.5 kHz). table 1-1 gives an overview of the different parameters for the
generic frame structure.
Table 1-1: Parameters for Downlink Generic Frame Structure
Configuration Number of Symbols Cyclic Prefix
Normal cyclic prefix Δf=15 kHz
Extended cyclic prefix Δf=15 kHz
Extended cyclic prefix Δf=7.5 kHz
1.2.3 Downlink Data Transmission
7 160 for first symbol
6 512 16.7 µs
3 1024 33.3 µs
Data is allocated to the UEs in terms of resource blocks. A physical resource block
consists of 12 (24) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain for the Δf=15 kHz
(Δf=7.5 kHz) case. In the time domain, a physical resource block consists of DL N
consecutive OFDM symbols, see figure 1-5.
bols in a slot. The resource block size is the same for all bandwidths, therefore the
number of available physical resource blocks depends on the bandwidth. Depending
on the required data rate, each UE can be assigned one or more resource blocks in
each transmission time interval of 1 ms. The scheduling decision is done in the base
station (eNodeB). The user data is carried on the physical downlink shared channel
(PDSCH). Downlink control signaling on the physical downlink control channel
(PDCCH) is used to convey the scheduling decisions to individual UEs. The PDCCH is
located in the first OFDM symbols of a slot.
≈33.3μs contains = 3 symbols (sub-
CP-E
Cyclic Prefix
Length in Samples
144 for other symbols
Length in µs
5.2 µs for first sym-
bol
4.7 µs for other
symbols
is equal to the number of OFDM sym-
symb
1.2.4 Downlink Reference Signal Structure and Cell Search
The downlink reference signal structure is important for cell search, channel estimation
and neighbor cell monitoring. figure 1-6 shows the principle of the downlink reference
signal structure for one-antenna, two-antenna, and four-antenna transmission. Specific
predefined resource elements in the time-frequency domain carry the reference signal
sequence. Besides first reference symbols, there may be a need for second reference
symbols. The different colors in figure 1-6 represent the sequences transmitted from up
to four transmit antennas.
12User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Introduction
Long-Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme
Fig. 1-6: Downlink Reference Signal Structure (Normal Cyclic Prefix)
The reference signal sequence carries the cell identity. Each reference signal
sequence is generated as a symbol-by-symbol product of an orthogonal sequence r
(three of them existing) and a pseudo-random sequence r
PRS
(170 of them existing).
Each cell identity corresponds to a unique combination of one orthogonal sequence r
and one pseudo-random sequence r
PRS
, allowing 510 different cell identities.
OS
OS
Frequency hopping can be applied to the downlink reference signals. The frequency
hopping pattern has a period of one frame (10 ms).
During cell search, different types of information need to be identified by the handset:
symbol and radio frame timing, frequency, cell identification, overall transmission bandwidth, antenna configuration, and cyclic prefix length.
Besides the reference symbols, synchronization signals are therefore needed during
cell search. EUTRA uses a hierarchical cell search scheme similar to WCDMA. This
means that the synchronization acquisition and the cell group identifier are obtained
from different synchronization signals. Thus, a primary synchronization signal (PSYNC) and a secondary synchronization signal (S-SYNC) are assigned a predefined
structure. They are transmitted on the 72 center subcarriers (around the DC subcarrier)
within the same predefined slots (twice per 10 ms) on different resource elements, see
figure 1-7.
13User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Fig. 1-7: P-SYNC and S-SYNC Structure
As additional help during cell search, a common control physical channel (CCPCH) is
available which carries BCH type of information, e.g. system bandwidth. It is transmitted at predefined time instants on the 72 subcarriers centered around the DC subcarrier.
In order to enable the UE to support this cell search concept, it was agreed to have a
minimum UE bandwidth reception capability of 20 MHz.
Introduction
References
1.2.5 Downlink Physical Layer Procedures
For EUTRA, the following downlink physical layer procedures are especially important:
Cell search and synchronization
●
See above.
Scheduling
●
Scheduling is done in the base station (eNodeB). The downlink control channel
PDCCH informs the users about their allocated time/frequency resources and the
transmission formats to use. The scheduler evaluates different types of information, e.g. quality of service parameters, measurements from the UE, UE capabilities, and buffer status.
Link adaptation
●
Link adaptation is already known from HSDPA as adaptive modulation and coding.
Also in EUTRA, modulation and coding for the shared data channel is not fixed, but
rather is adapted according to radio link quality. For this purpose, the UE regularly
reports channel quality indications (CQI) to the eNodeB.
Hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ)
●
Downlink hybrid ARQ is also known from HSDPA. It is a retransmission protocol.
The UE can request retransmissions of incorrectly received data packets.
1.3 References
[1] 3GPP TS 25.913: Requirements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN (Release 7)
[2] 3GPP TR 25.892: Feasibility Study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) for UTRAN enhancement (Release 6)
[3] 3GPP TS 36.211 v8.3.0: Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 8)
14User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
[4] 3GPP TS 36.300: E-UTRA and E-UTRAN; Overall Description; Stage 2 (Release 8)
[5] 3GPP TS 22.978: All-IP Network (AIPN) feasibility study (Release 7)
[6] 3GPP TS 25.213: Spreading and modulation (FDD)
[7] Speth, M., Fechtel, S., Fock, G., and Meyr, H.: Optimum Receiver Design for Wireless Broad-Band Systems Using OFDM – Part I. IEEE Trans. on Commun. Vol. 47
(1999) No. 11, pp. 1668-1677.
[8] Speth, M., Fechtel, S., Fock, G., and Meyr, H.: Optimum Receiver Design for
OFDM-Based Broadband Transmission – Part II: A Case Study. IEEE Trans. on Commun. Vol. 49 (2001) No. 4, pp. 571-578.
Introduction
References
15User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
2 Welcome
The EUTRA/LTE measurement software makes use of the I/Q capture functionality of
the following spectrum and signal analyzers to enable EUTRA/LTE TX measurements
conforming to the EUTRA specification.
R&S FSQ
●
R&S FSG
●
R&S FSV
●
R&S FSVR
●
R&S FSW
●
R&S RTO
●
This manual contains all information necessary to configure, perform and analyze such
measurements.
● Licensing the Software............................................................................................16
● Installing the Software.............................................................................................19
● Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer............................................................... 19
● Application Overview...............................................................................................25
● Configuring the Software.........................................................................................28
Welcome
Licensing the Software
2.1 Licensing the Software
The software provides the following general functionality.
● To capture and analyze I/Q data from an R&S®FSW, R&S®FSV, R&S®FSVR,
R&S®FSQ, R&S®FSG or R&S®RTO.
To read and analyze I/Q data from a file.
●
License type
You can purchase two different license types for the software.
● R&S®FS-K10xPC
This license supports software operation with and without an R&S instrument (analyzer or oscilloscope).
The software works with a connection to an analyzer but also supports the analysis
of data stored in a file. This license type requires a smartcard reader (dongle).
● R&S®FSV/FSQ-K10x
This license requires a connection to an R&S®FSV, R&S®FSVR, R&S®FSQ or
R&S®FSG. The license must be installed on the analyzer.
Using the smartcard reader (dongle)
Before you can use the software, you have to load the license(s) on a smartcard (if you
already have one) or order a new smartcard (R&S FSPC). New license types are available as registered licenses (see below).
16User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
You can use the smart card together with the USB smart card reader (for SIM format)
supplied with the software. Alternatively, you can insert the smart card (full format) in a
reader that is connected to or built into your PC.
Note that support for problems with the smart card licensing can only be guaranteed if
the supplied USB smart card reader (for SIM format) is used.
1.
With the delivery of the R&S FSPC you got a smart card and a smart card reader.
2. Remove the smart card.
Welcome
Licensing the Software
3. Insert the smart card into the reader.
If the OMNIKEY label faces upward, the smart card has to be inserted with the chip
facedown and the angled corner facing away from the reader.
4. After pushing the smart card completely inside the USB smart card reader, you can
use it together with the software.
When you insert the USB Smartcard reader into the PC, the drivers will be loaded. If
your PC does not already have drivers installed for this reader, the hardware will not be
detected and the software will not work.
In this case, install the required driver manually. On the CD, it is in the folder
\Install\USB SmartCard Reader Driver Files, named according to the pro-
17User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
cessor architecture (OMNIKEY3x21_x86... or OMNIKEY3x21_x64). Detailed information on the file content and the download location for updated drivers can be found in
the ReadMe.txt file in the same folder.
You may have problems locking a computer while the card is inserted, because MS
Windows tries to get log-in information from the card immediately after you have locked
the computer.
Solve this issue by changing a registry entry.
Either execute the registry file DisableCAD.reg in the same folder the USM Smartcard
reader installation files are located. Or manually change the entry.
Open the Windows Start Menu and select the "Run" item.
●
Enter "regedit" in the dialog to open the system reigistry.
●
Navigate to
●
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\
policies\system.
Set the value of DisableCAD to 0.
●
Welcome
Licensing the Software
Note that security policies may prevent you from editing the value. Contact your IT
administrator if you have problems with editing the value or installing the drivers.
Ordering licenses
In case of registered licenses, the license key code is based on the serial number of
the R&S FSPC smartcard. Thus, you need to know the serial number when you order
a new license.
1. Start the software (without a connected dongle).
2. Press the SETUP key.
3. Press the "Dongle License Info" softkey.
The software opens the "Rohde & Schwarz License Information" dialog box.
4. Connect the smartcard / dongle to the computer.
18User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
5. Press the "Check Licenses" button.
The software shows all current licenses.
The serial number which is necessary to know if you need a license is shown in the
"Serial" column.
The "Device ID" also contains the serial number.
6. To enter a new license code, press the "Enter License Key Code" button.
Welcome
Installing the Software
2.2 Installing the Software
For information on the installation procedure see the release notes of the software.
2.3 Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
In order to be able to communicate with an analyzer (R&S FSQ, R&S FSG, R&S FSV,
R&S FSVR or R&S FSW) or oscilloscope (R&S RTO family), you have to connect it to
a computer. You can use the IEEE bus (GPIB) or a local area network (LAN).
Requirements
To be able to capture I/Q data, you need one of the signal analyzers or oscilloscopes
mentioned above.
If you are using an R&S FSQ, you must
use firmware 3.65 or higher to be able to establish a connection via TCP/IP
●
or
install the RSIB passport driver on the computer.
●
The driver is available for download at http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/
1EF47
To establish a connection, you also have to determine the network address of the analyzer and set it up in the LTE software.
2.3.1 Instrument Configuration
The functionality necessary to establish the connection to the test equipment is part of
the "Analyzer Config / MIMO Setup" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.
The software supports simultaneous connections to several analyzers or oscilloscopes.
Using a combination of analyzers and oscilloscopes is also possible. The software
automatically detects if you have connected an analyzer or an oscilloscope. On the
whole, you can perform measurement on up to eight input channels. Each input channel captures one I/Q data stream.
If you use a spectrum or signal analyzer, one input channel corresponds to one instrument's RF input. Thus, the required number of analyzers depends on the number of I/Q
19User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
data streams you want to measure. The analyzers have to be connected to each other
with one analyzer controlling the other instruments by providing the trigger.
If you use an oscilloscope, the number of required instruments depends on the number
of channels available on the oscilloscope.
● General Instrument Configuration...........................................................................20
● Instrument Connection Configuration......................................................................21
Welcome
Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
2.3.1.1 General Instrument Configuration
The general analyzer or oscilloscope configuration determines the general MIMO
setup. The purpose of the general MIMO setup is to assign an analyzer or oscilloscope
channel to a particular I/Q data stream.
For successful measurements, you have to configure each instrument individually in
the "Analyzer Configuration" table.
The number of table rows depends on the number of input channels you have
selected.
Input Channel
Shows the number of the analyzer in the test setup or the channel number of an oscilloscope.
If you are using several instruments, the first input channel always represents the controlling (master) instrument.
VISA RSC
Opens a dialog box to configure the instrument connection in the network (see chap-
ter 2.3.1.2, "Instrument Connection Configuration", on page 21.
If you perform MIMO measurements with several instruments, you have to establish a
network connection for each instrument.
Number of Channels
Defines the number of channels of an oscilloscope that you want to use.
The number of instruments to configure is reduced if you use an instrument with more
than one channel. The software also adjusts the contents of the "Analyzer Input Channel".
If you perform the measurement with one or more signal analyzers (for example
R&S FSW), the number of channels has to be "1".
20User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
SCPI command:
CONFigure:ACONfig<instrument>:NCHannels on page 191
Analyzer Input Channel
Assigns one of the I/Q data streams (input channel) to a particular oscilloscope channel.
The "Analyzer Input Channel" has no effect if you use only instruments that have a single input channel.
SCPI command:
CONFigure:ACONfig<instrument>:ICSequence on page 191
Welcome
Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
2.3.1.2 Instrument Connection Configuration
The "Instrument Connection Configuration" dialog box contains functionality that is
necessary to successfully establish a connection in a network of analyzers. The dialog
box contains several elements.
Interface Type
Selects the type of interface you want to use. You have to connect the analyzer or
oscilloscope via LAN interface or the IEEE bus (GPIB).
Number
Selects the number of the interface if the PC has more than one interfaces (e.g. several LAN cards).
Address
Defines the address of the instrument. The type of content depends on the interface
type.
GPIB Address
●
Primary GPIB address of the analyzer. Possible values are in the range from 0 to
31. The default GPIB address for an R&S instruments is 20.
Available for IEEE bus systems using the IEEE 488 protocol. The interface type is
GPIB.
IP Address or Computer Name
●
Name or host address (TCP/IP) of the computer.
21User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Available for LAN bus systems using either the VXI-11 protocol or a
Rohde&Schwarz specific protocol (RSIB). The interface type is either LAN (VXI-11)
or LAN (RSIB).
Contact your local IT support for information on free IP addresses.
– The RSIB protocol is supported by all firmware version of the R&S analyzers
–
Complete VISA Resource String
●
Allows you to enter the complete VISA resource string manually. A VISA string is
made up out of the elements mentioned above, separated by double colons (::),
e.g. GPIB::20::INSTR.
Available for interface type "Free Entry".
Subsystem
Shows the subsystem in use. Typically you do not have to change the subsystem.
Welcome
Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
and oscilloscopes.
The VXI-11 protocol is supported as of R&S FSQ firmware version 3.65 and by
all firmware version of the R&S FSV(R), R&S FSG and oscilloscopes.
VISA RSC
Shows or defines the complete VISA resource string.
SCPI command:
CONFigure:ACONfig<instrument>:ADDRess on page 190
Test Connection
Button that tests the connection.
If the connection has been established successfully, the software returns a PASSED
message. If not, it shows a FAILED message.
2.3.2 Figuring Out IP Addresses
Each of the supported instruments logs its network connection information in a different
place. Find instructions on how to find out the necessary information below.
2.3.2.1 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSQ or R&S FSG
Follow these steps to figure out GPIB or IP address of an R&S FSQ or R&S FSG.
Figuring Out the GPIB address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "GPIB" softkey.
The R&S FSQ / FSG opens a dialog box that shows its current GPIB address.
22User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Figuring Out the IP address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "Configure Network" softkey.
4. Press the "Configure Network" softkey.
The MS Windows "Network Connections" dialog box opens.
5. Select the "Local Area Connection" item.
The "Local Area Connection Status" dialog box opens.
6. Select the "Support" tab.
The "Support" tab shows the current TCP/IP information of the R&S FSQ.
Welcome
Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
2.3.2.2 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSV or R&S FSVR
Follow these steps to figure out the GPIB or IP address of an R&S FSV or R&S FSVR.
Figuring Out the GPIB address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "GPIB" softkey.
4. Press the "GPIB Address" softkey.
The R&S FSV(R) opens a dialog box that shows its current GPIB address.
Figuring Out the IP address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.
23User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
3. Press the "Network Address" softkey.
4. Press the "IP Address" softkey.
The R&S FSV(R) opens a dialog box that contains information about the LAN connection.
Welcome
Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer
2.3.2.3 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSW
Follow these steps to figure out the GPIB or IP address of an R&S FSW.
Figuring Out the GPIB address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "Network + Remote" softkey.
The R&S FSW opens the "Network & Remote" dialog box.
3. Select the "GPIB" tab.
The R&S FSW shows information about the GPIB connection, including the GPIB
address.
Figuring Out the IP address
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "Network + Remote" softkey.
The R&S FSW opens the "Network & Remote" dialog box and shows its current IP
address in the corresponding field.
24User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Welcome
Application Overview
2.3.2.4 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S RTO
Follow these steps to figure out the network address of an R&S RTO.
► Press the SETUP key.
The R&S RTO opens a dialog box that contains general information about the system.
2.4 Application Overview
Starting the application
To start the software, use either the shortcut on the computer desktop or the entry in
the Microsoft Windows Start menu.
If you run the software on an analyzer, access the software via the "Mode" menu.
► Press the MODE key and select "EUTRA/LTE".
25User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Presetting the software
When you first start the software, all settings are in their default state. After you have
changed any parameter, you can restore the default state with the PRESET key.
Note that using the preset function also presets an analyzer if one is connected and
you capture the data from the hardware.
CONFigure:PRESet on page 226
Using the preset if the software has been installed on an R&S FSQ, R&S FSG,
R&S FSV, R&S FSVR or R&S FSW presets the software and the analyzer and exits
the LTE software.
SCPI command:
*RST
Elements and layout of the user interface
The user interface of the LTE measurement application is made up of several elements.
Welcome
Application Overview
26User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
1 = Header table. The header table shows basic information like measurement frequency or sync state.
2 = Diagram area. The diagram area contains the measurement results. You can display it in full screen or
split screen mode. The result display is separated in a header that shows the title etc. and the diagram
area that show the actual results.
3 = Status bar. The status bar contains information about the current status of the measurement and the
software.
4 = Hotkeys. Hotkeys contain functionality to control the measurement process.
5 = Softkeys. Softkeys contain functionality to configure and select measurement functions.
6 = Hardkeys. Hardkeys open new softkey menus.
The status bar
The status bar is located at the bottom of the display. It shows the current measurement status and its progress in a running measurement. The status bar also shows
warning and error messages. Error messages are generally highlighted.
Display of measurement settings
The header table above the result displays shows information on hardware and measurement settings.
Welcome
Application Overview
The header table includes the following information
Freq
●
The analyzer RF frequency.
Mode
●
Link direction, duplexing, cyclic prefix and maximum number of physical resource
blocks (PRBs) / signal bandwidth.
CP/Cell Grp/ID
●
Shows the cell identity information.
Sync State
●
The following synchronization states may occur:
– OK The synchronization was successful.
– FAIL (C) The cyclic prefix correlation failed.
– FAIL (P) The P-SYNC correlation failed.
– FAIL (S) The S-SYNC correlation failed.
Any combination of C, P and S may occur.
SCPI Command:
[SENSe]:SYNC[:STATe]? on page 150
Master Ref Level
●
Shows the reference level of the master analyzer.
Capture Time/Frame
●
Shows the capture length in ms.
27User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Welcome
Configuring the Software
2.5 Configuring the Software
This chapter contains information about general software functionality.
2.5.1 Configuring the Display
The "Display" menu contains functionality to improve the display and documentation of
results.
► Press the DISP key.
The application features four screens (or result displays). Each of the screens may
contain a different result display. The number of visible screens depends on the screen
layout.
Full screen mode
In full screen mode, the application shows the contents a single screen.
► Press the "Full Screen" softkey.
If you have configured more than one result displays, these are still working in the
background.
Split screen mode
In split screen mode, the application shows the contents of two screens, either screen
A and screen B or screen C and screen D.
► Press the "Split Screen" softkey.
If you have configured more than two result displays, these are still working in the
background.
2x2 split screen mode
In 2x2 split screen mode, the application shows the contents of four screens.
► Press the "2x2 Split Screen" softkey.
Limitations
For the Spectrum Emission Mask, ACLR, Time Alignment and On/Off Power measurements, a maximum of two screens is possible.
By default, the software shows the results in all four screens. The screens are labeled
A to D to the right of the measurement diagrams. The label of the currently active
screen is highlighted green (
). The currently active screen is the one settings are
applied to.
28User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Switch between the screens with the "Screen A", "Screen B", "Screen C" and "Screen
D" hotkeys.
The background color of the software by default is black. Apply another color via the
"Color Selection" softkey and the corresponding dialog box.
For documentation purposes the software provides a hardcopy function that lets you
save the current results in one of the following formats.
bmp
●
gif
●
jpeg
●
png
●
tiff
●
Use the "Hardcopy to Clipboard" function to take a screenshot.
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SELect on page 226
Welcome
Configuring the Software
2.5.2 Configuring the Software
The "Setup" menu contains various general software functions.
► Press the SETUP key to access the "Setup" menu.
Configure Analyzer Connection
Opens the "General Settings" dialog box.
For more information see "MIMO Analyzer Configuration" on page 81.
Data Source (Instr File)
Selects the general input source (an instrument or a file).
For more information see "Selecting the Input Source" on page 70.
Dongle License Info
Opens the "Rohde & Schwarz License Information" dialog box.
The dialog box contains functionality to add new (registered) licenses. For more information see chapter 2.1, "Licensing the Software", on page 16.
"Check Licenses"
Looks for all smartcards connected to the computer and returns their
characteristics like the serial number of the smartcard or its device ID.
Note that the smartcard has to be connected to figure out its properties.
"Enter License
Key Code"
"Process
License File"
Opens an input field to manually enter a new license key code. A key
code consists of 30 digits.
Opens a dialog box to select a file (xml format) that contains a
license. Opening that file automatically adds a new license.
29User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
R&S®FS‑K100/102/104PC
Show Logging
Opens a dialog box that contains a log of all messages that the software has shown in
the status bar.
Use the message log for debugging purposes in case any errors occur. You can
refresh and clear the contents of the log or copy the contents of the system log to the
clipboard.
"Refresh"
"Clear All"
"Copy to Clipboard"
System Info
Opens a dialog box that contains information about the system like driver versions or
the utility software. You can use this information in case an analyzer does not work
properly.
Welcome
Configuring the Software
Updates the contents of the log.
Deletes all entries in the log.
Copies the contents of the log to the clipboard.
30User Manual 1308.9029.42 ─ 17
Loading...