Rohde&Schwarz FSQ-K100, FSQ-K102, FSQ-K104, FSV-K100, FSV-K102 User Manual

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R&S®FS‑K101/103/105PC R&S®FSV‑K101/103/105 R&S®FSQ‑K101/103/105

EUTRA / LTE Uplink PC Software

User Manual

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1308.9135.42 ─ 15

User Manual

Test & Measurement

This manual covers the following products.

●

R&S®FSQ-K101 (1308.9058.02)

●

R&S®FSQ-K103 (1309.9097.02)

●

R&S®FSQ-K105 (1309.9516.02)

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R&S®FSV-K101 (1310.9100.02)

●

R&S®FSV-K103 (1310.9200.02)

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R&S®FSV-K105 (1309.9780.02)

●

R&S®FS-K101PC (1309.9922.02)

●

R&S®FS-K103PC (1309.9945.02)

●

R&S®FS-K105PC (1309.9968.02)

The R&S®FS-K10xPC versions are available for the following spectrum and signal analyzers

●

R&S®FSG

●

R&S®FSQ

●

R&S®FSV

●

R&S®FSVR

●

R&S®FSW

The contents of the manual correspond to version 3.40 or higher.

Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany

Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0

Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164

E-mail: info@rohde-schwarz.com

Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com

Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.

R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.

Trade names are trademarks of the owners.

The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FS-K101-/K103/-K105 is abbreviated as R&S FS-K101/-K103/-

K105.

R&S®FS‑K101/103/105PC

1 Introduction............................................................................................ 7

1.1 Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution.......................................................... 7

1.2 Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme.................................................9

1.2.1 SC-FDMA........................................................................................................................9

1.2.2 SC-FDMA Parameterization..........................................................................................10

1.2.3 Uplink Data Transmission............................................................................................. 10

1.2.4 Uplink Reference Signal Structure................................................................................ 11

1.2.5 Uplink Physical Layer Procedures................................................................................ 11

1.3 References...................................................................................................................13

2 Welcome............................................................................................... 14

Contents

2.1 Licensing the Software...............................................................................................14

2.2 Installing the Software................................................................................................17

2.3 Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer................................................................ 17

2.3.1 Instrument Configuration...............................................................................................17

2.3.2 Figuring Out IP Addresses............................................................................................ 20

2.4 Application Overview..................................................................................................23

2.5 Configuring the Software........................................................................................... 25

2.5.1 Configuring the Display................................................................................................. 26

2.5.2 Configuring the Software...............................................................................................27

3 Measurements and Result Displays...................................................29

3.1 Numerical Results.......................................................................................................30

3.2 Measuring the Power Over Time............................................................................... 33

3.3 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)..........................................................35

3.4 Measuring the Spectrum............................................................................................ 38

3.4.1 Frequency Sweep Measurements................................................................................ 38

3.4.2 I/Q Measurements.........................................................................................................41

3.5 Measuring the Symbol Constellation........................................................................ 46

3.6 Measuring Statistics................................................................................................... 48

3.7 3GPP Test Scenarios.................................................................................................. 50

4 General Settings...................................................................................52

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4.1 Configuring the Measurement................................................................................... 52

4.1.1 Defining General Signal Characteristics....................................................................... 52

4.1.2 Configuring the Input.....................................................................................................53

4.1.3 Configuring the Input Level........................................................................................... 54

4.1.4 Configuring the Data Capture....................................................................................... 56

4.1.5 Configuring Measurement Results................................................................................58

4.1.6 Configuring Time Alignment Measurements................................................................. 61

4.2 Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups..................................................................61

4.3 Triggering Measurements.......................................................................................... 63

4.4 Spectrum Settings...................................................................................................... 64

4.4.1 Configuring SEM and ACLR Measurements.................................................................64

4.4.2 Configuring Spectrum Flatness Measurements............................................................ 66

4.5 Advanced Settings......................................................................................................66

Contents

4.5.1 Controlling I/Q Data.......................................................................................................67

4.5.2 Configuring the Baseband Input....................................................................................67

4.5.3 Using Advanced Input Settings..................................................................................... 68

4.5.4 Configuring the Digital I/Q Input.................................................................................... 69

4.5.5 Global Settings..............................................................................................................69

5 Demod Settings....................................................................................71

5.1 Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation................................................................. 71

5.1.1 Configuring the Data Analysis.......................................................................................71

5.1.2 Compensating Signal Errors......................................................................................... 74

5.2 Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics..................................................................... 75

5.2.1 Defining the Physical Signal Characteristics.................................................................75

5.2.2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity..................................................................77

5.2.3 Configuring Subframes................................................................................................. 78

5.3 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics...............................................................83

5.3.1 Configuring the Demodulation Reference Signal.......................................................... 83

5.3.2 Configuring the Sounding Reference Signal................................................................. 85

5.3.3 Defining the PUSCH Structure......................................................................................88

5.3.4 Defining the PUCCH Structure......................................................................................90

5.3.5 Defining the PRACH Structure......................................................................................92

5.3.6 Defining Global Signal Characteristics..........................................................................93

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6 Analyzing Measurement Results........................................................ 95

7 Data Management................................................................................ 98

7.1 Importing and Exporting I/Q Data..............................................................................98

7.2 Managing Frame Data.................................................................................................99

7.3 Customizing Reference Symbols............................................................................ 100

7.4 Importing and Exporting Limits...............................................................................101

8 Measurement Basics......................................................................... 102

8.1 Symbols and Variables.............................................................................................102

8.2 Overview.................................................................................................................... 103

8.3 The LTE Uplink Analysis Measurement Application............................................. 103

8.3.1 Synchronization...........................................................................................................104

8.3.2 Analysis.......................................................................................................................105

Contents

8.4 MIMO Measurement Guide....................................................................................... 107

8.4.1 MIMO Measurements with Signal Analyzers.............................................................. 107

8.4.2 MIMO Measurements with Oscilloscopes................................................................... 111

8.5 Performing Time Alignment Measurements...........................................................113

8.6 SRS EVM Calculation................................................................................................114

9 Remote Commands........................................................................... 116

9.1 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes................................................................ 116

9.2 Introduction............................................................................................................... 117

9.2.1 Long and Short Form.................................................................................................. 117

9.2.2 Numeric Suffixes......................................................................................................... 118

9.2.3 Optional Keywords...................................................................................................... 118

9.2.4 | (Vertical Stroke).........................................................................................................118

9.2.5 SCPI Parameters........................................................................................................ 119

9.3 Remote Commands to Select a Result Display......................................................121

9.4 Remote Commands to Perform Measurements..................................................... 122

9.5 Remote Commands to Read Numeric Results.......................................................123

9.6 Remote Commands to Read Trace Data.................................................................130

9.6.1 Using the TRACe[:DATA] Command.......................................................................... 130

9.6.2 Reading Out Limit Check Results............................................................................... 140

9.7 Remote Commands to Configure General Settings.............................................. 150

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9.7.1 Remote Commands for General Settings................................................................... 150

9.7.2 Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups....................................................................157

9.7.3 Using a Trigger............................................................................................................160

9.7.4 Configuring Spectrum Measurements.........................................................................161

9.7.5 Remote Commands for Advanced Settings................................................................ 164

9.8 Remote Commands to Configure the Demodulation.............................................167

9.8.1 Remote Commands for UL Demodulation Settings.................................................... 167

9.8.2 Remote Commands for UL Signal Characteristics......................................................171

9.8.3 Remote Commands for UL Advanced Signal Characteristics.....................................178

9.9 Configuring the Software......................................................................................... 189

9.10 Managing Files.......................................................................................................... 190

List of Commands..............................................................................192

Contents

Index....................................................................................................197

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1 Introduction

Currently, UMTS networks worldwide are being upgraded to high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) in order to increase data rate and capacity for downlink packet data. In the next step, high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) will boost uplink performance in UMTS networks. While HSDPA was introduced as a 3GPP Release 5 feature, HSUPA is an important feature of 3GPP Release 6. The combination of HSDPA and HSUPA is often referred to as HSPA.

However, even with the introduction of HSPA, the evolution of UMTS has not reached its end. HSPA+ will bring significant enhancements in 3GPP Release 7. The objective is to enhance the performance of HSPA-based radio networks in terms of spectrum efficiency, peak data rate and latency, and to exploit the full potential of WCDMAbased 5 MHz operation. Important features of HSPA+ are downlink multiple input multiple output (MIMO), higher order modulation for uplink and downlink, improvements of layer 2 protocols, and continuous packet connectivity.

In order to ensure the competitiveness of UMTS for the next 10 years and beyond, concepts for UMTS long term evolution (LTE) have been investigated. The objective is a high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio access technology. Therefore, a study item was launched in 3GPP Release 7 on evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (EUTRA) and evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN). LTE/ EUTRA will then form part of 3GPP Release 8 core specifications.

Introduction

Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution

This introduction focuses on LTE/EUTRA technology. In the following, the terms LTE or EUTRA are used interchangeably.

In the context of the LTE study item, 3GPP work first focused on the definition of requirements, e.g. targets for data rate, capacity, spectrum efficiency, and latency. Also commercial aspects such as costs for installing and operating the network were considered. Based on these requirements, technical concepts for the air interface transmission schemes and protocols were studied. Notably, LTE uses new multiple access schemes on the air interface: orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in downlink and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) in uplink. Furthermore, MIMO antenna schemes form an essential part of LTE. In an attempt to simplify protocol architecture, LTE brings some major changes to the existing UMTS protocol concepts. Impact on the overall network architecture including the core network is being investigated in the context of 3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE).

● Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution.........................................................7

● Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme................................................. 9

● References..............................................................................................................13

1.1 Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution

LTE is focusing on optimum support of packet switched (PS) services. Main requirements for the design of an LTE system are documented in 3GPP TR 25.913 [1] and can be summarized as follows:

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Data Rate: Peak data rates target 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink) for

●

20 MHz spectrum allocation, assuming two receive antennas and one transmit antenna are at the terminal.

Throughput: The target for downlink average user throughput per MHz is three to

●

four times better than Release 6. The target for uplink average user throughput per MHz is two to three times better than Release 6.

Spectrum efficiency: The downlink target is three to four times better than Release

●

6. The uplink target is two to three times better than Release 6.

Latency: The one-way transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer

●

in either the UE or radio access network and the availability of this packet at IP layer in the radio access network/UE shall be less than 5 ms. Also C-plane latency shall be reduced, e.g. to allow fast transition times of less than 100 ms from camped state to active state.

Bandwidth: Scaleable bandwidths of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz shall

●

be supported. Also bandwidths smaller than 5 MHz shall be supported for more flexibility.

Interworking: Interworking with existing UTRAN/GERAN systems and non-3GPP

●

systems shall be ensured. Multimode terminals shall support handover to and from UTRAN and GERAN as well as inter-RAT measurements. Interruption time for handover between EUTRAN and UTRAN/GERAN shall be less than 300 ms for realtime services and less than 500 ms for non-realtime services.

Multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS): MBMS shall be further enhanced

●

and is then referred to as E-MBMS.

Costs: Reduced CAPEX and OPEX including backhaul shall be achieved. Costef-

●

fective migration from Release 6 UTRA radio interface and architecture shall be possible. Reasonable system and terminal complexity, cost, and power consumption shall be ensured. All the interfaces specified shall be open for multivendor equipment interoperability.

Mobility: The system should be optimized for low mobile speed (0 to 15 km/h), but

●

higher mobile speeds shall be supported as well, including high speed train environment as a special case.

Spectrum allocation: Operation in paired (frequency division duplex / FDD mode)

●

and unpaired spectrum (time division duplex / TDD mode) is possible.

Co-existence: Co-existence in the same geographical area and co-location with

●

GERAN/UTRAN shall be ensured. Also, co-existence between operators in adjacent bands as well as cross-border co-existence is a requirement.

Quality of Service: End-to-end quality of service (QoS) shall be supported. VoIP

●

should be supported with at least as good radio and backhaul efficiency and latency as voice traffic over the UMTS circuit switched networks.

Network synchronization: Time synchronization of different network sites shall not

●

be mandated.

Introduction

Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution

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Introduction

Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

1.2 Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

1.2.1 SC-FDMA

During the study item phase of LTE, alternatives for the optimum uplink transmission scheme were investigated. While OFDMA is seen optimum to fulfil the LTE requirements in downlink, OFDMA properties are less favourable for the uplink. This is mainly due to weaker peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) properties of an OFDMA signal, resulting in worse uplink coverage.

Thus, the LTE uplink transmission scheme for FDD and TDD mode is based on SCFDMA with a cyclic prefix. SC-FDMA signals have better PAPR properties compared to an OFDMA signal. This was one of the main reasons for selecting SC-FDMA as LTE uplink access scheme. The PAPR characteristics are important for cost-effective design of UE power amplifiers. Still, SC-FDMA signal processing has some similarities with OFDMA signal processing, so parameterization of downlink and uplink can be harmonized.

There are different possibilities how to generate an SC-FDMA signal. DFT-spreadOFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) has been selected for EUTRA. The principle is illustrated in fig-

ure 1-1.

For DFT-s-OFDM, a size-M DFT is first applied to a block of M modulation symbols. QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM are used as uplink EUTRA modulation schemes, the latter being optional for the UE. The DFT transforms the modulation symbols into the frequency domain. The result is mapped onto the available sub-carriers. In EUTRA uplink, only localized transmission on consecutive sub-carriers is allowed. An N point IFFT where N>M is then performed as in OFDM, followed by addition of the cyclic prefix and parallel to serial conversion.

Fig. 1-1: Block Diagram of DFT-s-OFDM (Localized Transmission)

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The DFT processing is therefore the fundamental difference between SC-FDMA and OFDMA signal generation. This is indicated by the term DFT-spread-OFDM. In an SCFDMA signal, each sub-carrier used for transmission contains information of all transmitted modulation symbols, since the input data stream has been spread by the DFT transform over the available sub-carriers. In contrast to this, each sub-carrier of an OFDMA signal only carries information related to specific modulation symbols.

Introduction

Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

1.2.2 SC-FDMA Parameterization

The EUTRA uplink structure is similar to the downlink. An uplink radio frame consists of 20 slots of 0.5 ms each, and 1 subframe consists of 2 slots. The slot structure is shown in figure 1-2.

Each slot carries

SC-FDMA symbols, where = 7 for the normal cyclic prefix and = 6 for the extended cyclic prefix. SC-FDMA symbol number 3 (i.e. the 4th symbol in a slot) carries the reference signal for channel demodulation.

Fig. 1-2: Uplink Slot Structure

Also for the uplink, a bandwidth agnostic layer 1 specification has been selected. The table below shows the configuration parameters in an overview table.

1.2.3 Uplink Data Transmission

In uplink, data is allocated in multiples of one resource block. Uplink resource block size in the frequency domain is 12 sub-carriers, i.e. the same as in downlink. However, not all integer multiples are allowed in order to simplify the DFT design in uplink signal processing. Only factors 2, 3, and 5 are allowed.

The uplink transmission time interval (TTI) is 1 ms (same as downlink).

User data is carried on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) that is determined by the transmission bandwidth NTx and the frequency hopping pattern k0.

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The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) carries uplink control information, e.g. CQI reports and ACK/NACK information related to data packets received in the downlink. The PUCCH is transmitted on a reserved frequency region in the uplink.

Introduction

Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

1.2.4 Uplink Reference Signal Structure

Uplink reference signals are used for two different purposes: on the one hand, they are used for channel estimation in the eNodeB receiver in order to demodulate control and data channels. On the other hand, the reference signals provide channel quality information as a basis for scheduling decisions in the base station. The latter purpose is also called channel sounding.

The uplink reference signals are based on CAZAC (Constant Amplitude Zero AutoCorrelation) sequences.

1.2.5 Uplink Physical Layer Procedures

For EUTRA, the following uplink physical layer procedures are especially important:

Non-synchronized random access

Random access may be used to request initial access, as part of handover, when transiting from idle to connected, or to re-establish uplink synchronization. The structure is shown in figure 1-3.

Fig. 1-3: Random Access Structure, principle

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Multiple random access channels may be defined in the frequency domain within one access period TRA in order to provide a sufficient number of random access opportuni-

ties.

For random access, a preamble is defined as shown in figure 1-4. The preamble sequence occupies T

one subframe of 1 ms. During the guard time TGT, nothing is transmitted. The preamble bandwidth is 1.08 MHz (72 sub-carriers). Higher layer signalling controls in which sub-

frames the preamble transmission is allowed, and the location in the frequency domain. Per cell, there are 64 random access preambles. They are generated from Zadoff-Chu sequences.

Introduction

Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

= 0.8 ms and the cyclic prefix occupies TCP = 0.1 ms within

PRE

Fig. 1-4: Random Access Preamble

The random access procedure uses open loop power control with power ramping similar to WCDMA. After sending the preamble on a selected random access channel, the UE waits for the random access response message. If no response is detected then another random access channel is selected and a preamble is sent again.

Uplink scheduling

Scheduling of uplink resources is done by eNodeB. The eNodeB assigns certain time/ frequency resources to the UEs and informs UEs about transmission formats to use. Scheduling decisions affecting the uplink are communicated to the UEs via the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in the downlink. The scheduling decisions may be based on QoS parameters, UE buffer status, uplink channel quality measurements, UE capabilities, UE measurement gaps, etc.

Uplink link adaptation

As uplink link adaptation methods, transmission power control, adaptive modulation and channel coding rate, as well as adaptive transmission bandwidth can be used.

Uplink timing control

Uplink timing control is needed to time align the transmissions from different UEs with the receiver window of the eNodeB. The eNodeB sends the appropriate timing-control commands to the UEs in the downlink, commanding them to adapt their respective transmit timing.

Hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ)

The Uplink Hybrid ARQ protocol is already known from HSUPA. The eNodeB has the capability to request retransmissions of incorrectly received data packets.

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Introduction

References

1.3 References

[1] 3GPP TS 25.913: Requirements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN (Release 7)

[2] 3GPP TR 25.892: Feasibility Study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for UTRAN enhancement (Release 6)

[3] 3GPP TS 36.211 v8.3.0: Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 8)

[4] 3GPP TS 36.300: E-UTRA and E-UTRAN; Overall Description; Stage 2 (Release 8)

[5] 3GPP TS 22.978: All-IP Network (AIPN) feasibility study (Release 7)

[6] 3GPP TS 25.213: Spreading and modulation (FDD)

[7] Speth, M., Fechtel, S., Fock, G., and Meyr, H.: Optimum Receiver Design for Wireless Broad-Band Systems Using OFDM – Part I. IEEE Trans. on Commun. Vol. 47 (1999) No. 11, pp. 1668-1677.

[8] Speth, M., Fechtel, S., Fock, G., and Meyr, H.: Optimum Receiver Design for OFDM-Based Broadband Transmission – Part II: A Case Study. IEEE Trans. on Commun. Vol. 49 (2001) No. 4, pp. 571-578.

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2 Welcome

The EUTRA/LTE measurement software makes use of the I/Q capture functionality of the following spectrum and signal analyzers to enable EUTRA/LTE TX measurements conforming to the EUTRA specification.

R&S FSQ

●

R&S FSG

●

R&S FSV

●

R&S FSVR

●

R&S FSW

●

R&S RTO

●

This manual contains all information necessary to configure, perform and analyze such measurements.

● Licensing the Software............................................................................................14

● Installing the Software.............................................................................................17

● Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer............................................................... 17

● Application Overview...............................................................................................23

● Configuring the Software.........................................................................................25

Welcome

Licensing the Software

2.1 Licensing the Software

The software provides the following general functionality.

● To capture and analyze I/Q data from an R&S®FSW, R&S®FSV, R&S®FSVR,

R&S®FSQ, R&S®FSG or R&S®RTO.

To read and analyze I/Q data from a file.

●

License type

You can purchase two different license types for the software.

● R&S®FS-K10xPC

This license supports software operation with and without an R&S instrument (analyzer or oscilloscope). The software works with a connection to an analyzer but also supports the analysis of data stored in a file. This license type requires a smartcard reader (dongle).

● R&S®FSV/FSQ-K10x

This license requires a connection to an R&S®FSV, R&S®FSVR, R&S®FSQ or R&S®FSG. The license must be installed on the analyzer.

Using the smartcard reader (dongle)

Before you can use the software, you have to load the license(s) on a smartcard (if you already have one) or order a new smartcard (R&S FSPC). New license types are available as registered licenses (see below).

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You can use the smart card together with the USB smart card reader (for SIM format) supplied with the software. Alternatively, you can insert the smart card (full format) in a reader that is connected to or built into your PC.

Note that support for problems with the smart card licensing can only be guaranteed if the supplied USB smart card reader (for SIM format) is used.

With the delivery of the R&S FSPC you got a smart card and a smart card reader.

2. Remove the smart card.

Welcome

Licensing the Software

3. Insert the smart card into the reader.

If the OMNIKEY label faces upward, the smart card has to be inserted with the chip facedown and the angled corner facing away from the reader.

4. After pushing the smart card completely inside the USB smart card reader, you can

use it together with the software.

When you insert the USB Smartcard reader into the PC, the drivers will be loaded. If your PC does not already have drivers installed for this reader, the hardware will not be detected and the software will not work.

In this case, install the required driver manually. On the CD, it is in the folder \Install\USB SmartCard Reader Driver Files, named according to the pro-

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cessor architecture (OMNIKEY3x21_x86... or OMNIKEY3x21_x64). Detailed information on the file content and the download location for updated drivers can be found in the ReadMe.txt file in the same folder.

You may have problems locking a computer while the card is inserted, because MS Windows tries to get log-in information from the card immediately after you have locked the computer.

Solve this issue by changing a registry entry.

Either execute the registry file DisableCAD.reg in the same folder the USM Smartcard reader installation files are located. Or manually change the entry.

Open the Windows Start Menu and select the "Run" item.

●

Enter "regedit" in the dialog to open the system reigistry.

●

Navigate to

●

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\ policies\system.

Set the value of DisableCAD to 0.

●

Welcome

Licensing the Software

Note that security policies may prevent you from editing the value. Contact your IT administrator if you have problems with editing the value or installing the drivers.

Ordering licenses

In case of registered licenses, the license key code is based on the serial number of the R&S FSPC smartcard. Thus, you need to know the serial number when you order a new license.

1. Start the software (without a connected dongle).

2. Press the SETUP key.

3. Press the "Dongle License Info" softkey.

The software opens the "Rohde & Schwarz License Information" dialog box.

4. Connect the smartcard / dongle to the computer.

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5. Press the "Check Licenses" button.

The software shows all current licenses. The serial number which is necessary to know if you need a license is shown in the "Serial" column. The "Device ID" also contains the serial number.

6. To enter a new license code, press the "Enter License Key Code" button.

Welcome

Installing the Software

2.2 Installing the Software

For information on the installation procedure see the release notes of the software.

2.3 Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer

In order to be able to communicate with an analyzer (R&S FSQ, R&S FSG, R&S FSV, R&S FSVR or R&S FSW) or oscilloscope (R&S RTO family), you have to connect it to a computer. You can use the IEEE bus (GPIB) or a local area network (LAN).

Requirements

To be able to capture I/Q data, you need one of the signal analyzers or oscilloscopes mentioned above.

If you are using an R&S FSQ, you must

use firmware 3.65 or higher to be able to establish a connection via TCP/IP

●

install the RSIB passport driver on the computer.

●

The driver is available for download at http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/appnote/

1EF47

To establish a connection, you also have to determine the network address of the analyzer and set it up in the LTE software.

2.3.1 Instrument Configuration

The functionality necessary to establish the connection to the test equipment is part of the "Analyzer Config / MIMO Setup" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

The software supports simultaneous connections to several analyzers or oscilloscopes. Using a combination of analyzers and oscilloscopes is also possible. The software automatically detects if you have connected an analyzer or an oscilloscope. On the whole, you can perform measurement on up to eight input channels. Each input channel captures one I/Q data stream.

If you use a spectrum or signal analyzer, one input channel corresponds to one instrument's RF input. Thus, the required number of analyzers depends on the number of I/Q

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data streams you want to measure. The analyzers have to be connected to each other with one analyzer controlling the other instruments by providing the trigger.

If you use an oscilloscope, the number of required instruments depends on the number of channels available on the oscilloscope.

● General Instrument Configuration...........................................................................18

● Instrument Connection Configuration......................................................................19

Welcome

Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer

2.3.1.1 General Instrument Configuration

The general analyzer or oscilloscope configuration determines the general MIMO setup. The purpose of the general MIMO setup is to assign an analyzer or oscilloscope channel to a particular I/Q data stream.

For successful measurements, you have to configure each instrument individually in the "Analyzer Configuration" table.

The number of table rows depends on the number of antennas you have selected.

Input Channel

Shows the number of the analyzer in the test setup or the channel number of an oscilloscope.

If you are using several instruments, the first input channel always represents the controlling (master) instrument.

VISA RSC

Opens a dialog box to configure the instrument connection in the network (see chap-

ter 2.3.1.2, "Instrument Connection Configuration", on page 19.

If you perform MIMO measurements with several instruments, you have to establish a network connection for each instrument.

Number of Channels

Defines the number of channels of an oscilloscope that you want to use.

The number of instruments to configure is reduced if you use an instrument with more than one channel. The software also adjusts the contents of the "Analyzer Input Channel".

If you perform the measurement with one or more signal analyzers (for example R&S FSW), the number of channels has to be "1".

SCPI command:

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CONFigure:ACONfig<instrument>:NCHannels on page 158

Analyzer Input Channel

Assigns one of the I/Q data streams (input channel) to a particular oscilloscope channel.

The "Analyzer Input Channel" has no effect if you use only instruments that have a single input channel.

SCPI command:

CONFigure:ACONfig<instrument>:ICSequence on page 158

Welcome

Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer

2.3.1.2 Instrument Connection Configuration

The "Instrument Connection Configuration" dialog box contains functionality that is necessary to successfully establish a connection in a network of analyzers. The dialog box contains several elements.

Interface Type

Selects the type of interface you want to use. You have to connect the analyzer or oscilloscope via LAN interface or the IEEE bus (GPIB).

Number

Selects the number of the interface if the PC has more than one interfaces (e.g. several LAN cards).

Address

Defines the address of the instrument. The type of content depends on the interface type.

GPIB Address

●

Primary GPIB address of the analyzer. Possible values are in the range from 0 to

31. The default GPIB address for an R&S instruments is 20. Available for IEEE bus systems using the IEEE 488 protocol. The interface type is GPIB.

IP Address or Computer Name

●

Name or host address (TCP/IP) of the computer. Available for LAN bus systems using either the VXI-11 protocol or a Rohde&Schwarz specific protocol (RSIB). The interface type is either LAN (VXI-11) or LAN (RSIB).

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Contact your local IT support for information on free IP addresses. – The RSIB protocol is supported by all firmware version of the R&S analyzers

–

Complete VISA Resource String

●

Allows you to enter the complete VISA resource string manually. A VISA string is made up out of the elements mentioned above, separated by double colons (::), e.g. GPIB::20::INSTR. Available for interface type "Free Entry".

Subsystem

Shows the subsystem in use. Typically you do not have to change the subsystem.

VISA RSC

Shows or defines the complete VISA resource string.

Welcome

Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer

and oscilloscopes.

The VXI-11 protocol is supported as of R&S FSQ firmware version 3.65 and by all firmware version of the R&S FSV(R), R&S FSG and oscilloscopes.

SCPI command:

CONFigure:ACONfig<instrument>:ADDRess on page 157

Test Connection

Button that tests the connection.

If the connection has been established successfully, the software returns a PASSED message. If not, it shows a FAILED message.

2.3.2 Figuring Out IP Addresses

Each of the supported instruments logs its network connection information in a different place. Find instructions on how to find out the necessary information below.

2.3.2.1 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSQ or R&S FSG

Follow these steps to figure out GPIB or IP address of an R&S FSQ or R&S FSG.

Figuring Out the GPIB address

1. Press the SETUP key.

2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.

3. Press the "GPIB" softkey.

The R&S FSQ / FSG opens a dialog box that shows its current GPIB address.

Figuring Out the IP address

1. Press the SETUP key.

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2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.

3. Press the "Configure Network" softkey.

4. Press the "Configure Network" softkey.

The MS Windows "Network Connections" dialog box opens.

5. Select the "Local Area Connection" item.

The "Local Area Connection Status" dialog box opens.

6. Select the "Support" tab.

The "Support" tab shows the current TCP/IP information of the R&S FSQ.

Welcome

Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer

2.3.2.2 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSV or R&S FSVR

Follow these steps to figure out the GPIB or IP address of an R&S FSV or R&S FSVR.

Figuring Out the GPIB address

1. Press the SETUP key.

2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.

3. Press the "GPIB" softkey.

4. Press the "GPIB Address" softkey.

The R&S FSV(R) opens a dialog box that shows its current GPIB address.

Figuring Out the IP address

1. Press the SETUP key.

2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.

3. Press the "Network Address" softkey.

4. Press the "IP Address" softkey.

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The R&S FSV(R) opens a dialog box that contains information about the LAN connection.

Welcome

Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer

2.3.2.3 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSW

Follow these steps to figure out the GPIB or IP address of an R&S FSW.

Figuring Out the GPIB address

1. Press the SETUP key.

2. Press the "Network + Remote" softkey.

The R&S FSW opens the "Network & Remote" dialog box.

3. Select the "GPIB" tab.

The R&S FSW shows information about the GPIB connection, including the GPIB address.

Figuring Out the IP address

1. Press the SETUP key.

2. Press the "Network + Remote" softkey.

The R&S FSW opens the "Network & Remote" dialog box and shows its current IP address in the corresponding field.

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Welcome

Application Overview

2.3.2.4 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S RTO

Follow these steps to figure out the network address of an R&S RTO.

► Press the SETUP key.

The R&S RTO opens a dialog box that contains general information about the system.

2.4 Application Overview

Starting the application

To start the software, use either the shortcut on the computer desktop or the entry in the Microsoft Windows Start menu.

If you run the software on an analyzer, access the software via the "Mode" menu.

► Press the MODE key and select "EUTRA/LTE".

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Presetting the software

When you first start the software, all settings are in their default state. After you have changed any parameter, you can restore the default state with the PRESET key.

Note that using the preset function also presets an analyzer if one is connected and you capture the data from the hardware.

CONFigure:PRESet on page 189

Using the preset if the software has been installed on an R&S FSQ, R&S FSG, R&S FSV, R&S FSVR or R&S FSW presets the software and the analyzer and exits the LTE software.

SCPI command:

*RST

Elements and layout of the user interface

The user interface of the LTE measurement application is made up of several elements.

Welcome

Application Overview

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1 = Header table. The header table shows basic information like measurement frequency or sync state. 2 = Diagram area. The diagram area contains the measurement results. You can display it in full screen or

split screen mode. The result display is separated in a header that shows the title etc. and the diagram area that show the actual results.

3 = Status bar. The status bar contains information about the current status of the measurement and the

software. 4 = Hotkeys. Hotkeys contain functionality to control the measurement process. 5 = Softkeys. Softkeys contain functionality to configure and select measurement functions. 6 = Hardkeys. Hardkeys open new softkey menus.

The status bar

The status bar is located at the bottom of the display. It shows the current measurement status and its progress in a running measurement. The status bar also shows warning and error messages. Error messages are generally highlighted.

Display of measurement settings

The header table above the result displays shows information on hardware and measurement settings.

Welcome

Configuring the Software

The header table includes the following information

Freq

●

The analyzer RF frequency.

Mode

●

Link direction, duplexing, cyclic prefix and maximum number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) / signal bandwidth.

CP/Cell Grp/ID

●

Shows the cell identity information.

Sync State

●

The following synchronization states may occur: – OK The synchronization was successful.

– FAIL The synchronization has failed.

SCPI Command:

[SENSe]:SYNC[:STATe]? on page 123

Master Ref Level

●

Shows the reference level of the master analyzer.

Capture Time/Frame

●

Shows the capture length in ms. In PRACH analysis mode, it also shows the preamble that is currently analyzed.

2.5 Configuring the Software

This chapter contains information about general software functionality.

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Welcome

Configuring the Software

2.5.1 Configuring the Display

The "Display" menu contains functionality to improve the display and documentation of results.

► Press the DISP key.

The application features four screens (or result displays). Each of the screens may contain a different result display. The number of visible screens depends on the screen layout.

Full screen mode

In full screen mode, the application shows the contents a single screen.

► Press the "Full Screen" softkey.

If you have configured more than one result displays, these are still working in the background.

Split screen mode

In split screen mode, the application shows the contents of two screens, either screen A and screen B or screen C and screen D.

► Press the "Split Screen" softkey.

If you have configured more than two result displays, these are still working in the background.

2x2 split screen mode

In 2x2 split screen mode, the application shows the contents of four screens.

► Press the "2x2 Split Screen" softkey.

Limitations

For the Spectrum Emission Mask, ACLR and Time Alignment measurements, a maximum of two screens is possible.

By default, the software shows the results in all four screens. The screens are labeled A to D to the right of the measurement diagrams. The label of the currently active screen is highlighted green ( ). The currently active screen is the one settings are applied to.

Switch between the screens with the "Screen A", "Screen B", "Screen C" and "Screen D" hotkeys.

The background color of the software by default is black. Apply another color via the "Color Selection" softkey and the corresponding dialog box.

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For documentation purposes the software provides a hardcopy function that lets you save the current results in one of the following formats.

bmp

●

gif

●

jpeg

●

png

●

tiff

●

Use the "Hardcopy to Clipboard" function to take a screenshot.

DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SELect on page 189

Welcome

Configuring the Software

2.5.2 Configuring the Software

The "Setup" menu contains various general software functions.

► Press the SETUP key to access the "Setup" menu.

Configure Analyzer Connection

Opens the "General Settings" dialog box.

For more information see "MIMO Analyzer Configuration" on page 62.

Data Source (Instr File)

Selects the general input source (an instrument or a file).

For more information see "Selecting the Input Source" on page 54.

Dongle License Info

Opens the "Rohde & Schwarz License Information" dialog box.

The dialog box contains functionality to add new (registered) licenses. For more information see chapter 2.1, "Licensing the Software", on page 14.

"Check Licenses"

Looks for all smartcards connected to the computer and returns their characteristics like the serial number of the smartcard or its device ID. Note that the smartcard has to be connected to figure out its properties.

"Enter License Key Code"

"Process License File"

Opens an input field to manually enter a new license key code. A key code consists of 30 digits.

Opens a dialog box to select a file (xml format) that contains a license. Opening that file automatically adds a new license.

Show Logging

Opens a dialog box that contains a log of all messages that the software has shown in the status bar.

Use the message log for debugging purposes in case any errors occur. You can refresh and clear the contents of the log or copy the contents of the system log to the clipboard.

"Refresh"

Updates the contents of the log.

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Welcome

Configuring the Software

"Clear All"

"Copy to Clipboard"

System Info

Opens a dialog box that contains information about the system like driver versions or the utility software. You can use this information in case an analyzer does not work properly.

Deletes all entries in the log.

Copies the contents of the log to the clipboard.

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3 Measurements and Result Displays

The LTE measurement analyzer features several measurements to examine and analyze different aspects of an LTE signal.

The source of the data that is processed is either a live signal or a previously recorded signal whose characteristics have been saved to a file. For more information see

"Selecting the Input Source" on page 54.

In both cases, you can perform a continuous or a single measurement.

Continuous measurements capture and analyze the signal continuously and stop only after you turn it off manually.

► Press the "Run Cont" softkey to start and stop continuous measurements.

Single measurements capture and analyze the signal over a particular time span or number of frames. The measurement stops after the time has passed or the frames have been captured.

Measurements and Result Displays

► Press the "Run Sgl" softkey to start a single measurement.

You can also repeat a measurement based on the data that has already been captured, e.g. if you want to apply different demodulation settings to the same signal.

► Press the "Refresh" softkey to measure the signal again.

This chapter provides information on all types of measurements that the LTE measurement analyzer supports.

Note that all measurements are based on the I/Q data that is captured except the Spectrum Emission Mask and the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio. Those are based on a frequency sweep the analyzer performs for the measurement.

SCPI command:

INITiate[:IMMediate] on page 122

INITiate:REFResh on page 122

● Numerical Results...................................................................................................30

● Measuring the Power Over Time............................................................................ 33

● Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)........................................................35

● Measuring the Spectrum.........................................................................................38

● Measuring the Symbol Constellation.......................................................................46

● Measuring Statistics................................................................................................48

● 3GPP Test Scenarios..............................................................................................50

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Measurements and Result Displays

Numerical Results

3.1 Numerical Results

Result Summary

The Result Summary shows all relevant measurement results in numerical form, combined in one table.

▶ Press the "Display (List Graph)" softkey so that the "List" element turns green to view the Result Summary.

Remote command:

DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TABLe on page 122

Contents of the result summary

The contents of the result summary depend on the analysis mode you have selected. The first screenshot shows the results for PUSCH/PUCCH analysis mode, the second one those for PRACH analysis mode.

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The table is split in two parts. The first part shows results that refer to the complete frame. It also indicates limit check results where available. The font of 'Pass' results is green and that of 'Fail' results is red.

By default, the software checks the limits defined by the standard. You can also import customized limits. In that case the software evaluates those limits instead of the predefined ones. For more information see chapter 7.4, "Importing and Exporting Limits", on page 101.

Measurements and Result Displays

Numerical Results

Note: The EVM results on a frame level (first part of the table) are calculated as defined by 3GPP at the edges of the cyclic prefix. The other EVM results (lower part of the table) are calculated at the optimal timing position in the middle of the cyclic prefix.

Because of inter-symbol interference, the EVM calculated at the edges of the cyclic prefix is higher than the EVM calculated in the middle of the cyclic prefix.

Note: In some cases, it is not possible to calculate the I/Q Gain Imbalance and the I/Q Quadrature Error. The reason may be that the subframe selection is set to "All". In that case the software only displays the results if there is a result in all subframes. Try and search through individual subframes to find a subframe that provides those results.

EVM PUSCH QPSK Shows the EVM for all QPSK-modulated resource elements of the PUSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:USQP[:AVERage]? on page 127

EVM PUSCH 16QAM Shows the EVM for all 16QAM-modulated resource elements of the PUSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:USST[:AVERage]? on page 127

EVM PUSCH 64QAM Shows the EVM for all 64QAM-modulated resource elements of the PUSCH

channel in the analyzed frame.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:USSF[:AVERage]? on page 127

EVM DRMS PUSCH QPSK Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with QPSK modulation of the

PUSCH in the analyzed frame.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:SDQP[:AVERage]? on page 125

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EVM DRMS PUSCH 16QAM Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with 16QAM modulation of

EVM DRMS PUSCH 64QAM Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements with 64QAM modulation of

EVM PUCCH Shows the EVM of all resource elements of the PUCCH channel in the ana-

EVM DMRS PUCCH Shows the EVM of all DMRS resource elements of the PUCCH channel in the

EVM PRACH Shows the EVM of all resource elements of the PRACH channel in the ana-

By default, all EVM results are in %. To view the EVM results in dB, change the EVM

Unit.

The second part of the table shows results that refer to a specifc selection of the frame.

The statistic is always evaluated over the slots.

The header row of the table contains information about the selection you have made (like the subframe).

Measurements and Result Displays

Numerical Results

the PUSCH in the analyzed frame.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:SDST[:AVERage]? on page 126

the PUSCH in the analyzed frame.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:SDSF[:AVERage]? on page 125

lyzed frame.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:UCCH[:AVERage]? on page 126

analyzed frame.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:UCCD[:AVERage]? on page 126

lyzed frame.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:UPRA[:AVERage]? on page 127

EVM All Shows the EVM for all resource elements in the analyzed frame.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM[:ALL][:AVERage]? on page 124

EVM Phys Channel Shows the EVM for all physical channel resource elements in the analyzed

frame.

A physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying information from higher layers. PUSCH, PUCCH and PRACH are physical channels. For more information see 3GPP 36.211.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PCHannel[:AVERage]? on page 125

EVM Phys Signal Shows the EVM for all physical signal resource elements in the analyzed

frame.

The reference signal is a physical signal. For more information see 3GPP

36.211.

FETCh:SUMMary:EVM:PSIGnal[:AVERage]? on page 125

Frequency Error Shows the difference in the measured center frequency and the reference

center frequency.

FETCh:SUMMary:FERRor[:AVERage]? on page 128

Sampling Error Shows the difference in measured symbol clock and reference symbol clock

relative to the system sampling rate.

FETCh:SUMMary:SERRor[:AVERage]? on page 129

I/Q Offset Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power.

FETCh:SUMMary:IQOFfset[:AVERage]? on page 128

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I/Q Gain Imbalance Shows the logarithm of the gain ratio of the Q-channel to the I-channel.

I/Q Quadrature Error Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q-channel and I-channel

Power Shows the average time domain power of the allocated resource blocks of the

Crest Factor Shows the peak-to-average power ratio of captured signal.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Power Over Time

FETCh:SUMMary:GIMBalance[:AVERage]? on page 128

deviating from the ideal 90 degrees.

FETCh:SUMMary:QUADerror[:AVERage]? on page 129

analyzed signal.

FETCh:SUMMary:POWer[:AVERage]? on page 129

FETCh:SUMMary:CRESt[:AVERage]? on page 124

3.2 Measuring the Power Over Time

This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the power of a signal over time.

Capture Buffer...............................................................................................................33

Power vs Symbol x Carrier............................................................................................34

Time Alignment Error.................................................................................................... 34

Capture Buffer

The Capture Buffer result display shows the complete range of captured data for the last data capture. The x-axis represents time. The maximum value of the x-axis is equal to the Capture Time. The y-axis represents the amplitude of the captured I/Q data in dBm (for RF input).

The green bar at the bottom of the diagram represents the frame that is currently analyzed.

A blue vertical line at the beginning of the green bar in the Capture Buffer display represents the subframe start. Additionally, the diagram contains the "Start Offset" value. This value is the time difference between the subframe start and capture buffer start.

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When you zoom into the diagram, you will see that the bar may be interrupted at certain positions. Each small bar indicates the useful parts of the OFDM symbol.

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'PVT:CBUF' Querying results: TRACe:DATA? Querying the subframe start offset: FETCh:SUMMary:TFRame? on page 130

Power vs Symbol x Carrier

The Power vs Symbol x Carrier shows the power for each carrier in each symbol.

The horizontal axis represents the symbols. The vertical axis represents the carriers. Different colors in the diagram area represent the power. The color map for the power levels is provided above the diagram area.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Power Over Time

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:PVSC' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

Time Alignment Error

Starts the Time Alignment Error result display.

The time alignment is an indicator of how well the transmission antennas in a MIMO system are synchronized. The Time Alignment Error is the time delay between a reference antenna (for example antenna 1) and another antenna. For more information see

chapter 8.5, "Performing Time Alignment Measurements", on page 113.

The software shows the results in a table.

Each row in the table represents one antenna. The reference antenna is not shown.

For each antenna the maximum, minimum and average time delay that has been measured is shown. The minimum and maximum results are calculated only if the measurement covers more than one subframe.

If you perform the measurement on a system with carrier aggregation, each row represents one antenna. The number of lines increases because of multiple carriers. The reference antenna of the main component carrier (CC1) is not shown. In case of carrier aggregation, the result display also evaluates the frequency error of the component carrier (CC2) relative to the main component carrier (CC1).

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In any case, results are only displayed if the transmission power of both antennas is within 15 dB of each other. Likewise, if only one antenna transmits a signal, results will not be displayed (for example if the cabling on one antenna is faulty).

You can select the reference antenna via "Antenna Selection" in the MIMO Configura-

tion.

When you perform a time alignment measurement, the software also displays the Power Spectrum result display.

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<screenid>:FEED 'PVT:TAER' Querying results: FETCh:TAERror[:CC<cci>]:ANTenna<antenna>[:AVERage]? on page 130 Selecting reference antenna: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:MIMO:ASELection on page 158

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

3.3 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the error vector magnitude (EVM) of a signal.

The EVM is one of the most important indicators for the quality of a signal. For more information on EVM calculation methods refer to chapter 8, "Measurement Basics", on page 102.

EVM vs Carrier..............................................................................................................35

EVM vs Symbol.............................................................................................................36

EVM vs Sym x Carr.......................................................................................................37

EVM vs Subframe......................................................................................................... 38

EVM vs Carrier

Starts the EVM vs Carrier result display.

This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of the subcarriers. With the help of a marker, you can use it as a debugging technique to identify any subcarriers whose EVM is too high.

The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource elements for each subcarrier. This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each analyzed slot in the capture buffer.

If you analyze all slots, the result display contains three traces.

Average EVM

●

This trace shows the subcarrier EVM averaged over all slots. Minimum EVM

●

This trace shows the lowest (average) subcarrier EVM that has been found over the analyzed slots. Maximum EVM

●

This trace shows the highest (average) subcarrier EVM that has been found over the analyzed slots.

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If you select and analyze one slot only, the result display contains one trace that shows the subcarrier EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that case are the same. For more information see "Subframe Selection" on page 59

The x-axis represents the center frequencies of the subcarriers. On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'EVM:EVCA' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

EVM vs Symbol

Starts the EVM vs Symbol result display.

This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of the OFDM symbols. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any symbols whose EVM is too high.

The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over all subcarriers that are part of a particular OFDM symbol. This average OFDM symbol EVM is determined for all OFDM symbols in each analyzed slot.

If you analyze all subframes, the result display contains three traces.

Average EVM

●

This trace shows the OFDM symbol EVM averaged over all slots. Minimum EVM

●

This trace shows the lowest (average) OFDM symbol EVM that has been found over the analyzed slots. Maximum EVM

●

This trace shows the highest (average) OFDM symbol EVM that has been found over the analyzed slots.

If you select and analyze one slot only, the result display contains one trace that shows the OFDM symbol EVM for that slot only. Average, minimum and maximum values in that case are the same. For more information see "Subframe Selection" on page 59

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The x-axis represents the OFDM symbols, with each symbol represented by a dot on the line. The number of displayed symbols depends on the Subframe Selection and the length of the cyclic prefix. Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the analyzer could not determine the EVM for that symbol. In case of TDD signals, the result display does not show OFDM symbols that are not part of the measured link direction.

On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'EVM:EVSY' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

EVM vs Sym x Carr

The EVM vs Symbol x Carrier shows the EVM for each carrier in each symbol.

The horizontal axis represents the symbols. The vertical axis represents the carriers. Different colors in the diagram area represent the EVM. The color map for the power levels is provided above the diagram area.

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'EVM:EVSC' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

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EVM vs Subframe

Starts the EVM vs Subframe result display.

This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) for each subframe. You can use it as a debugging technique to identify a subframe whose EVM is too high.

The result is an average over all subcarriers and symbols of a specific subframe.

The x-axis represents the subframes, with the number of displayed subframes being

10.

On the y-axis, the EVM is plotted either in % or in dB, depending on the EVM Unit.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'EVM:EVSU' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

3.4 Measuring the Spectrum

This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the power of a signal in the frequency domain.

In addition to the I/Q measurements, spectrum measurements also include two frequency sweep measurements, the Spectrum Emission Mask and the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio.

3.4.1 Frequency Sweep Measurements

The Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) and Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) measurements are the only frequency sweep measurements available for the EUTRA/LTE measurement software. They do not use the I/Q data all other measurements use. Instead those measurements sweep the frequency spectrum every time you run a new measurement. Therefore it is not possible to to run an I/Q measurement and then view the results in the frequency sweep measurements and vice-versa. Also because each of the frequency sweep measurements uses different settings to obtain signal data it is not possible to run a frequency sweep measurement and view the results in another frequency sweep measurement.

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Frequency sweep measurements are available if RF input is selected.

Note that unwanted emissions measurements (for example the ACLR) are not supported for measurements with an oscilloscope.

Spectrum Mask............................................................................................................. 39

ACLR.............................................................................................................................40

Spectrum Mask

Starts the Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) result display.

The Spectrum Emission Mask measurement shows the quality of the measured signal by comparing the power values in the frequency range near the carrier against a spectral mask that is defined by the 3GPP specifications. In this way, you can test the performance of the DUT and identify the emissions and their distance to the limit.

In the diagram, the SEM is represented by a red line. If any measured power levels are above that limit line, the test fails. If all power levels are inside the specified limits, the test is passed. The software labels the limit line to indicate whether the limit check has passed or failed.

The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified EUTRA/LTE channel bandwidths. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm.

The result display also contains some numerical results for the SEM measurement, for example the total signal power or the limit check result.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

A table above the result display contains the numerical values for the limit check at each check point:

Start / Stop Freq Rel

●

Shows the start and stop frequency of each section of the Spectrum Mask relative to the center frequency.

RBW

●

Shows the resolution bandwidth of each section of the Spectrum Mask

● Freq at Δ to Limit

Shows the absolute frequency whose power measurement being closest to the limit line for the corresponding frequency segment.

Power Abs

●

Shows the absolute measured power of the frequency whose power is closest to the limit. The software evaluates this value for each frequency segment.

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Power Rel

●

Shows the distance from the measured power to the limit line at the frequency whose power is closest to the limit. The software evaluates this value for each frequency segment.

● Δ to Limit

Shows the minimal distance of the tolerance limit to the SEM trace for the corresponding frequency segment. Negative distances indicate the trace is below the tolerance limit, positive distances indicate the trace is above the tolerance limit.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:SEM' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

ACLR

Starts the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) measurement.

The ACLR measurement analyzes the power of the transmission (TX) channel and the power of the two neighboring channels (adjacent channels) to the left and right of the TX channel. Thus, the ACLR measurement provides information about the power in the adjacent channels as well as the leakage into these adjacent channels.

The x-axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified EUTRA/LTE channel and adjacent channel bandwidths. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dBm.

By default the ACLR settings are based on the selected LTE Channel Bandwidth. You can change the assumed adjacent channel carrier type and the Noise Correction.

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The software provides a relative and an absolute ACLR measurement mode that you can select with the "ACLR (REL ABS)" softkey.

In case of the relative measurement mode, the power for the TX channel is an

●

absolute value in dBm. The power of the adjacent channels are values relative to the power of the TX channel. In case of the absolute measurement mode, the power for both TX and adjacent

●

channels are absolute values in dBm.

In addition, the ACLR measurement results are also tested against the limits defined by 3GPP. In the diagram, the limits are represented by horizontal red lines.

ACLR table

A table above the result display contains information about the measurement in numerical form:

Channel

●

Shows the channel type (TX, Adjacent or Alternate Channel).

Bandwidth

●

Shows the bandwidth of the channel.

Spacing

●

Shows the channel spacing.

Channel Power

●

Shows the absolute or relative power of the corresponding channel.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

Remote command: Selecting the result display:

CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:ACP'

Querying results:

CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer:RESult[:CURRent]?

TRACe:DATA?

Querying limit check results:

CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:ACPower:ACHannel:RESult? on page 140 CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:ACPower:ALTernate:RESult? on page 141 CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:FAIL? on page 141

3.4.2 I/Q Measurements

Power Spectrum............................................................................................................42

Inband Emission............................................................................................................42

Spectrum Flatness........................................................................................................ 43

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Spectrum Flatness SRS................................................................................................44

Spectrum Flatness Difference.......................................................................................44

Channel Group Delay....................................................................................................45

Power Spectrum

Starts the Power Spectrum result display.

This result display shows the power density of the complete capture buffer in dBm/Hz. The displayed bandwidth depends on bandwidth or number of resource blocks you have set.

For more information see "Channel Bandwidth / Number of Resource Blocks" on page 75.

The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis the power level is plotted.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<screenid>:FEED 'SPEC:PSPE' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

Inband Emission

Starts the Inband Emission result display.

This result display shows the relative power of the unused resource blocks (yellow trace) and the inband emission limit lines (red trace) specified by the LTE standard document 3GPP TS36.101.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected subframe. The currently selected subframe depends on your selection.

Note that you have to select a specific subframe and slot to get valid measurement results.

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You can also display the inband emissions for the allocated resource block in addition to the unused resource blocks when you select the Inband Emissions All result display.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<screenid>:FEED 'SPEC:IE' Selecting the result display: CALCulate<screenid>:FEED 'SPEC:IEA' Qurying results: TRACe:DATA?

Spectrum Flatness

Starts the Spectrum Flatness result display.

This result display shows the relative power offset caused by the transmit channel.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected subframe.

The currently selected subframe depends on your selection.

The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the channel flatness is plotted in dB.

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Note that the limit lines are only displayed if you match the Operating Band to the center frequency. Limits are defined for each operating band in the standard. The shape of the limit line is different when "Extreme Conditions" on page 66 are on.

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:SFL' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

Spectrum Flatness SRS

The Spectrum Flatness SRS display shows the amplitude of the channel transfer function based on the sounding reference signal.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected subframe. The slot and subframe selection may be changed in the general settings.

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:SFSR' Querying results: TRACe:DATA

Spectrum Flatness Difference

Starts the Spectrum Flatness Difference result display.

This result display shows the level difference in the spectrum flatness result between two adjacent physical subcarriers.

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The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected subframe.

The currently selected subframe depends on your selection.

The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the power is plotted in dB.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Spectrum

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:SFD' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

Channel Group Delay

Starts the Channel Group Delay result display.

This result display shows the group delay of each subcarrier.

The measurement is evaluated over the currently selected slot in the currently selected subframe.

The currently selected subframe depends on your selection.

The x-axis represents the frequency. On the y-axis, the group delay is plotted in ns.

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'SPEC:GDEL' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

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Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Symbol Constellation

3.5 Measuring the Symbol Constellation

This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the constellation of a signal.

Constellation Diagram...................................................................................................46

DFT Precod Constellation............................................................................................. 46

Evaluation Range for the Constellation Diagram.......................................................... 47

Constellation Diagram

Starts the Constellation Diagram result display.

This result display shows the inphase and quadrature phase results and is an indicator of the quality of the modulation of the signal.

In the default state, the result display evaluates the full range of the measured input data. You can filter the results in the Constellation Selection dialog box.

The ideal points for the selected modulation scheme are displayed for reference purposes.

The constellation diagram also contains information about the current evaluation

range. In addition, it shows the number of points that are displayed in the diagram.

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'CONS:CONS' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

DFT Precod Constellation

Starts the DFT Precod Constellation result display.

This result display shows the inphase and quadrature phase results. It shows the data without the DFT precoding. The result display evaluates the full range of the measured input data. You can filter the results in the Constellation Selection dialog box.

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Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<screenid>:FEED 'CONS:DFTC'

Evaluation Range for the Constellation Diagram

The "Evaluation Range" dialog box defines the type of constellation points that are displayed in the Constellation Diagram.

By default the software displays all constellation points of the data that have been evaluated. However, you can filter the results by several aspects.

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring the Symbol Constellation

Modulation

●

Filters the results to include only the selected type of modulation. Allocation

●

Filters the results to include only a particular type of allocation. Symbol

●

Filters the results to include only a particular OFDM symbol. Carrier

●

Filters the results to include only a particular subcarrier.

The result display is updated as soon as you make the changes.

Note that the constellation selection is applied to all windows in split screen mode if the windows contain constellation diagrams.

Remote command: not supported

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Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring Statistics

3.6 Measuring Statistics

This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the statistics of a signal.

CCDF............................................................................................................................ 48

Allocation Summary...................................................................................................... 48

Bit Stream..................................................................................................................... 49

CCDF

Starts the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) result display.

This result display shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean power. For the measurement, the complete capture buffer is used.

The x-axis represents the power relative to the measured mean power. On the y-axis, the probability is plotted in %.

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'STAT:CCDF' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

Allocation Summary

Starts the Allocation Summary result display.

This result display shows the results of the measured allocations in tabular form.

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The rows in the table represent the allocations. A set of allocations form a subframe. The subframes are separated by a dashed line. The columns of the table contain the follwing information:

Subframe

●

Shows the subframe number.

Allocation ID

●

Shows the type / ID of the allocation.

Number of RB

●

Shows the number of resource blocks assigned to the current PDSCH allocation.

Offset RB

●

Shows the resource block offset of the allocation.

Modulation

●

Shows the modulation type.

Power

●

Shows the power of the allocation in dBm.

EVM

●

Shows the EVM of the allocation. The unit depends on your selection.

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'STAT:ASUM' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and Result Displays

Measuring Statistics

Bit Stream

Starts the Bit Stream result display.

This result display shows the demodulated data stream for each data allocation. Depending on the Bit Stream Format, the numbers represent either bits (bit order) or symbols (symbol order).

Selecting symbol format shows the bit stream as symbols. In that case the bits belonging to one symbol are shown as hexadecimal numbers with two digits. In the case of bit format, each number represents one raw bit.

Symbols or bits that are not transmitted are represented by a "-".

If a symbol could not be decoded because the number of layers exceeds the number of receive antennas, the application shows a "#" sign.

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The table contains the following information:

Subframe

●

Number of the subframe the bits belong to.

Allocation ID

●

Channel the bits belong to.

Codeword

●

Code word of the allocation.

Modulation

●

Modulation type of the channels. Symbol Index or Bit Index

●

Shows the position of the table row's first bit or symbol within the complete stream.

Bit Stream

●

The actual bit stream.

Remote command: Selecting the result display: CALCulate<n>:FEED 'STAT:BSTR' Querying results: TRACe:DATA?

Measurements and Result Displays

3GPP Test Scenarios

3.7 3GPP Test Scenarios

3GPP defines several test scenarios for measuring user equipment. These test scenarios are described in detail in 3GPP TS 36.521-1.

The following table provides an overview which measurements available in the LTE software are suited to use for the test scenarios in the 3GPP documents.

Table 3-1: Test scenarios for E-TMs as defined by 3GPP (3GPP TS 36.521-1)

Test scenario Test described in Measurement

UE Maximum Output Power chapter 6.2.2

Maximum Power Reduction chapter 6.2.3

Additional Maximum Power Reduction

chapter 6.2.4

Power (➙ Result Summary)

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Test scenario Test described in Measurement

Measurements and Result Displays

3GPP Test Scenarios

Configured UE-transmitted Output

chapter 6.2.5

Power (➙ Result Summary)

Power

Minimum Output Power chapter 6.3.2

Power (➙ Result Summary)

Transmit Off Power chapter 6.3.3 n/a

On/Off Time Mask chapter 6.3.4 n/a

Power Control chapter 6.3.5 n/a

Frequency Error chapter 6.5.1

Frequency Error (➙ Result Summary)

Transmit Modulation chapter 6.5.2.1 EVM results

Occupied Bandwidth chapter 6.6.1

chapter 6.5.2.2

I/Q Offset (➙ Result Summary)

chapter 6.5.2.3 Inband Emission

chapter 6.5.2.4 Spectrum Flatness

Occupied Bandwidth

Out of Band Emission chapter 6.6.2.1 Spectrum Emission Mask

Spurious Emissions chapter 6.6.3.1

chapter 6.6.2.2 Spectrum Emission Mask

chapter 6.6.2.3 ACLR

chapter 6.6.3.2

chapter 6.6.3.3

Spurious Emissions

Transmit Intermodulation chapter 6.7 ACLR

Time Alignment chapter 6.8 Time Alignment

these measurements are available in the Spectrum application of the Rohde & Schwarz signal and spec-

trum analyzers (for example the R&S FSW)

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4 General Settings

The following chapter contains all settings that are available in the "General Settings" dialog box.

● Configuring the Measurement.................................................................................52

● Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups................................................................61

● Triggering Measurements....................................................................................... 63

● Spectrum Settings...................................................................................................64

● Advanced Settings.................................................................................................. 66

General Settings

Configuring the Measurement

4.1 Configuring the Measurement

The general settings contain various settings that configure the general measurement setup.

You can find the signal characteristics in the "General Settings" dialog box.

● Defining General Signal Characteristics................................................................. 52

● Configuring the Input...............................................................................................53

● Configuring the Input Level..................................................................................... 54

● Configuring the Data Capture................................................................................. 56

● Configuring Measurement Results..........................................................................58

● Configuring Time Alignment Measurements...........................................................61

4.1.1 Defining General Signal Characteristics

The general signal characteristics contain settings to describe the general physical attributes of the signal.

The signal characteristics are part of the "General Settings" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Selecting the LTE Mode................................................................................................52

Defining the Signal Frequency...................................................................................... 53

Selecting the LTE Mode

The LTE mode is a combination of the "Standard" (always 3GPP LTE), the "Duplexing" mode and the "Link Direction".

The choices you have depend on the set of options you have installed.

option FSx-K100(PC) enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the downlink

●

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option FSx-K101(PC) enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the uplink

●

option FSx-K102(PC) enables testing of 3GPP LTE MIMO signals on the downlink

●

option FSx-K103(PC) enables testing of 3GPP MIMO signals on the uplink

●

option FSx-K104(PC) enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the downlink

●

option FSx-K105(PC) enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the uplink

●

FDD and TDD are duplexing methods.

FDD mode uses different frequencies for the uplink and the downlink.

●

TDD mode uses the same frequency for the uplink and the downlink.

●

Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) describe the transmission path.

Downlink is the transmission path from the base station to the user equipment. The

●

physical layer mode for the downlink is always OFDMA. Uplink is the transmission path from the user equipment to the base station. The

●

physical layer mode for the uplink is always SC-FDMA.

The software shows the currently selected LTE mode (including the bandwidth) in the header table.

General Settings

Configuring the Measurement

Remote command: Link direction: CONFigure[:LTE]:LDIRection on page 151 Duplexing mode: CONFigure[:LTE]:DUPLexing on page 150

Defining the Signal Frequency

For measurements with an RF input source, you have to match the center frequency of the analyzer to the frequency of the signal.

The software shows the current center frequency in the header table.

The available frequency range depends on the hardware configuration of the analyzer you are using.

Remote command: Center frequency: [SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cci>] on page 151

4.1.2 Configuring the Input

The input settings control the basic configuration of the input.

The input source selection is part of the "General Settings" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

For more information on advanced input configuration see chapter 4.5, "Advanced Set-

tings", on page 66.

Selecting the Input Source............................................................................................ 54

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Selecting the Input Source

The input source selects the source of the data you'd like to analyze. You can either analyze a live signal or a signal that has been recorded previously and whose characteristics have been saved to a file.

You can select the input source from the "Source" dropdown menu.

●

Captures and analyzes the data from the RF input of the spectrum analyzer in use. Baseband (BB)

●

Captures and analyzes the data from the baseband input of the spectrum analyzer in use. Note that you have to use an analyzer that supports analog baseband input if you select that input source. Digital I/Q

●

Captures and analyzes the data from the digital baseband input of the spectrum analyzer in use. Note that you have to use an analyzer that supports digital baseband input if you select that input source. File

●

Analyzes data that has been recorded already and has been saved to a file. If selected, the software asks you to select a file from a dialog box after you have initiated a measurement. If the file contents are not valid or the file could not be found, the software shows an error message. A connection to an analyzer or a dongle is required to successfully load a file. For more information see chapter 7.1, "Importing and Exporting I/Q Data", on page 98.

Remote command: Input source selection: SENSe:INPut on page 151 Loading I/Q data from file: MMEMory:LOAD:IQ:STATe on page 190

General Settings

Configuring the Measurement

4.1.3 Configuring the Input Level

The level settings contain settings that control the input level of any analyzer in the measurement setup.

You can control the input level for any of the input channels you are using separately from the dropdown menu next to the "Level Settings" label.

The level settings are part of the "General Settings" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

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Defining a Reference Level...........................................................................................55

Attenuating the Signal................................................................................................... 56

Defining a Reference Level

The reference level is the power level the analyzer expects at the RF input. Keep in mind that the power level at the RF input is the peak envelope power in case of signals with a high crest factor like LTE.

To get the best dynamic range, you have to set the reference level as low as possible. At the same time, make sure that the maximum signal level does not exceed the reference level. If it does, it will overload the A/D converter, regardless of the signal power. Measurement results may deteriorate (e.g. EVM). This applies especially for measurements with more than one active channel near the one you are trying to measure (± 6 MHz).

Note that the signal level at the A/D converter may be stronger than the level the application displays, depending on the current resolution bandwidth. This is because the resolution bandwidths are implemented digitally after the A/D converter.

You can either specify the RF Reference Level (in dBm) or Baseband Reference Level (in V), depending on the input source.

You can also use automatic detection of the reference level with the "Auto Level" function.

If active, the software measures and sets the reference level to its ideal value before each sweep. This process slightly increases the measurement time. You can define the measurement time of that measurement with the Auto Level Track Time (➙ "Advanced" tab).

Automatic level detection also optimizes RF attenuation.

Automatic level detection is available for an RF input source.

The software shows the current reference level of the first input channel (including RF and external attenuation) in the header table.

General Settings

Configuring the Measurement

Remote command: Manual (RF): CONFigure:POWer:EXPected:RF<instrument> on page 152 Manual (BB): CONFigure:POWer:EXPected:IQ<instrument> on page 152 Automatic: [SENSe]:POWer:AUTO<instrument>[:STATe] on page 152 Auto Level Track Time: [SENSe]:POWer:AUTO<instrument>:TIME on page 166

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Attenuating the Signal

Attenuation of the signal may become necessary if you have to reduce the power of the signal that you have applied. Power reduction is necessary, for example, to prevent an overload of the input mixer.

You can attenuate the signal at the RF input of one of the analyzers in the measurement setup (mechanical or RF attenuation) or attenuate the signal externally (exter- nal attenuation).

If you attenuate or amplify the signal either way, the software adjusts the numeric and graphical results accordingly. In case of graphical power result displays, it moves the trace(s) vertically by the specified value.

Positive values correspond to an attenuation and negative values correspond to an amplification.

The range of the RF attenuation depends on the hardware you are using in the measurement setup. For details refer to its data sheet. If the attenuation you have set is not supported by the hardware, the software corrects the attenuation and shows a corresponding message.

The software shows the RF and external attenuation level in the header table next to the reference level.

General Settings

Configuring the Measurement

Remote command: RF attenuation: INPut<n>:ATTenuation<instrument> on page 153 External attenuation: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:

OFFSet on page 153

4.1.4 Configuring the Data Capture

The data capture settings contain settings that control the amount of data and the way that the software records the LTE signal.

The data capture settings are part of the "General Settings" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Capture Time................................................................................................................ 56

Overall Frame Count.....................................................................................................57

Number of Frames to Analyze...................................................................................... 57

Auto According to Standard.......................................................................................... 57

Capture Time

Defines the capture time.

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The capture time corresponds to the time of one sweep. Hence, it defines the amount of data the software captures during one sweep.

By default, the software captures 20.1 ms of data to make sure that at least one complete LTE frame is captured in one sweep.

The software shows the current capture time (including the frame number) in the header table.

Remote command:

[SENSe]:SWEep:TIME on page 153

Overall Frame Count

Turns the manual selection of the number of frames to capture (and analyze) on and off.

If the overall frame count is active, you can define a particular number of frames to capture and analyze. The measurement runs until all required frames have been analyzed, even if it takes more than one sweep. The results are an average of the captured frames.

If the overall frame count is inactive, the analyzer analyzes all complete LTE frames currently in the capture buffer.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:FRAMe:COUNt:STATe on page 153

General Settings

Configuring the Measurement

Number of Frames to Analyze

Sets the number of frames that you want to capture and analyze.

If the number of frames you have set last longer than a single sweep, the analyzer continues the measurement until all frames have been captured.

The parameter is read only if

the overall frame count is inactive,

●

the data is captured according to the standard.

●

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:FRAMe:COUNt on page 154

Auto According to Standard

Turns automatic selection of the number of frames to capture and analyze on and off.

If active, the analyzer evaluates the number of frames as defined for EVM tests in the LTE standard.

If inactive, you can set the number of frames you want to analyze.

This parameter is not available if the overall frame count is inactive.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:FRAMe:COUNt:AUTO on page 154

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General Settings

Configuring the Measurement

4.1.5 Configuring Measurement Results

The measurement result settings contain settings that define certain aspects of the results that are displayed.

The result settings are part of the "General Settings" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

EVM Unit....................................................................................................................... 58

Bit Stream Format......................................................................................................... 58

Carrier Axes.................................................................................................................. 59

Subframe Selection.......................................................................................................59

Slot Selection................................................................................................................ 60

Preamble Selection....................................................................................................... 60

Antenna Selection......................................................................................................... 60

EVM Unit

Selects the unit for graphic and numerical EVM measurement results.

Possible units are dB and %.

Remote command:

UNIT:EVM on page 155

Bit Stream Format

Selects the way the bit stream is displayed.

The bit stream is either a stream of raw bits or of symbols. In case of the symbol format, the bits that belong to a symbol are shown as hexadecimal numbers with two digits.

Examples:

Fig. 4-1: Bit stream display in uplink application if the bit stream format is set to "symbols"

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Fig. 4-2: Bit stream display in uplink application if the bit stream format is set to "bits"

Remote command:

UNIT:BSTR on page 155

Carrier Axes

Selects the scale of the x-axis for result displays that show results of OFDM subcarriers.

X-axis shows the frequency of the subcarrier

●

General Settings

Configuring the Measurement

X-axis shows the number of the subcarrier

●

Remote command:

UNIT:CAXes on page 155

Subframe Selection

Selects a particular subframe whose results the software displays.

You can select a particular subframe for the following measurements.

Result Summary, EVM vs. Carrier, EVM vs. Symbol, EVM vs. Symbol x Carrier, Inband Emission, Channel Flatness, Spectrum Flatness SRS, Channel Group Delay, Spectrum Flatness Difference, Power vs Symbol x Carrier, Constellation Diagram, DFT Precoded Constellation, Allocation Summary, Bit Stream and Time Alignment. If ---All--- is selected, either the results from all subframes are displayed at once or a statistic is calculated over all analyzed subframes.

Selecting a subframe is not possible in PRACH analysis mode.

Selecting "All" either displays the results over all subframes or calculates a statistic over all subframes that have been analyzed.

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Example: Subframe selection

If you select all subframes ("All"), the software shows three traces. One trace shows the subframe with the minimum level characteristics, the second trace shows the subframe with the maximum level characteristics and the third subframe shows the averaged level characteristics of all subframes.

PK: peak value

●

AV: average value

●

MI: minimum value

●

If you select a specific subframe, the software shows one trace. This trace contains the results for that subframe only.

General Settings

Configuring the Measurement

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:SUBFrame:SELect on page 156

Slot Selection

Selects a particular slot whose measurement results you want to see.

You can select a particular slot for the following measurements.

Result Summary, EVM vs Carrier, EVM vs Symbol, EVM vs Symbol x Carrier, Inband Emission, Channel Flatness, Spectrum Flatness SRS, Channel Group Delay, Spectrum Flatness Difference, Power vs Symbol x Carrier, Constellation Diagram, DFT Precoded Constellation Diagram and Time Alignment.

In PRACH analysis mode, you can not select a particular slot.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:SLOT:SELect on page 156

Preamble Selection

Selects a particular preamble for measurements that analyze individual preambles.

Selecting preambles is available in PRACH analysis mode.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:PREamble:SELect on page 156

Antenna Selection

Selects the antenna you want to display the results for.

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For more information see "MIMO Configuration" on page 62.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:ANTenna:SELect on page 155

General Settings

Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups

4.1.6 Configuring Time Alignment Measurements

The Time Alignment measurement settings contain settings that define certain aspects of this measurement.

The Time Alignment measurement settings are part of the "General Settings" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Carrier Aggregation.......................................................................................................61

Carrier Aggregation

The software supports Time Alignment Error measurements with carrier aggregation.

Select the number of carriers from the "Number of Component Carriers" dropdown menu.

If you select more than one carrier, define the frequency of the other carrier in the "CC2 Frequency" field.

The "CC2 Demod Settings" button opens a dialog box to configure the signal characteristics of the second carrier. This dialog contains a selection of the demodulation settings.

For more information see chapter 5, "Demod Settings", on page 71.

Note that the software shows measurement results for the second component carrier even if only one antenna of the second component carrier is attached (i.e. no combiner is used).

Remote command:

CONFigure:NOCC on page 157 [SENSe]:FREQuency:CENTer[:CC<cci>] on page 151

CC2 Demod settings: see chapter 9.8, "Remote Commands to Configure the Demodu-

lation", on page 167

4.2 Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups

The MIMO settings contain settings to configure a MIMO test setup and control the instruments in that test setup.

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The MIMO settings are part of the "Analyzer Config / MIMO Setup" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

MIMO Configuration...................................................................................................... 62

MIMO Analyzer Configuration....................................................................................... 62

MIMO Configuration

Selects the antenna configuration and test conditions for a MIMO system.

The MIMO configuration selects the number of transmit antennas for selected channels in the system. MIMO configurations are supported for the PUSCH, the PUCCH and the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). For each channel you can select from a 1-, 2- or 4-antenna configuration.

In setups with multiple antennas, the antenna selection defines the antenna you'd like to test. Note that as soon as you have selected a transmission on more than one antenna for one of the channels, the corresponding number of antennas becomes available for testing.

General Settings

Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups

Antenna 1 Tests antenna 1 only.

Antenna 2 Tests antenna 2 only.

Antenna 3 Tests antenna 3 only.

Antenna 4 Tests antenna 4 only.

All Tests all antennas in the test setup in consecutive order (1-2-3-4).

A corresponding number of analyzers is required.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:MIMO:SRS:CONFig on page 159 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:MIMO:PUCCh:CONFig on page 159 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:MIMO:PUSCh:CONFig on page 159 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:MIMO:ASELection on page 158

MIMO Analyzer Configuration

For a comprehensive description see chapter 2.3, "Connecting the Computer to an

Analyzer", on page 17.

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General Settings

Triggering Measurements

4.3 Triggering Measurements

The trigger settings contain settings that control triggered measurements.

You can select a trigger for any of the four possible analyzers in the measurement setup separately by selecting one of the analyzers from the dropdown menu next to the "Trigger Settings" label.

The trigger settings are part of the "General Settings" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Configuring the Trigger

A trigger allows you to capture those parts of the signal that you are really interested in.

While the software runs freely and analyzes all signal data in its default state, no matter if the signal contains information or not, a trigger initiates a measurement only under certain circumstances (the trigger event).

The software supports several trigger modes or sources.

Free Run

●

Starts the measurement immediately and measures continuously. External

●

The trigger event is the level of an external trigger signal. The measurement starts when this signal meets or exceeds a specified trigger level at the "Ext Trigger/ Gate" input. Some measurement devices have several trigger ports. When you use one of these, you can additionally select the trigger port (1 to 3) you want to use. IF Power

●

The trigger event is the IF power level. The measurement starts when the IF power meets or exceeds a specified power trigger level. Trigger Unit FS-Z11

●

The R&S FS-Z11 is a trigger unit designed to control triggers in MIMO measurement setups. Note that the trigger unit is not compatible with oscilloscope measurements. For more information see "Measurements with the R&S FS-Z11 trigger unit" on page 110 and the documentation of the R&S FS-Z11.

You can define a power level for an external and an IF power trigger.

For most trigger sources you can select the trigger slope. The trigger slope defines whether triggering occurs when the signal rises to the trigger level or falls down to it.

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The measurement starts as soon as the trigger event happens. It may become necessary to start the measurement some time after the trigger event. In that case, define a trigger offset (or trigger delay). The trigger offset is the time that should pass between the trigger event and the start of the measurement.

The trigger offset may be a negative time. The trigger offset is then called a pretrigger.

The trigger offset is available for all trigger modes, except free run.

Remote command: For a comprehensive list of commands to define trigger characteristics see chap-

ter 9.7.3, "Using a Trigger", on page 160.

General Settings

Spectrum Settings

4.4 Spectrum Settings

The spectrum settings contain settings to configure frequency sweep measurements (ACLR and SEM).

You can find the spectrum settings in the "General Settings" dialog box.

4.4.1 Configuring SEM and ACLR Measurements

The SEM (Spectrum Emission Mask) and ACLR (Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio) settings contain settings that define aspects of those measurements.

The SEM and ACLR settings are part of the "Spectrum" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Number of TX Channels................................................................................................64

SEM Requirement.........................................................................................................65

Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier..............................................................................65

Noise Correction........................................................................................................... 65

Auto Gating................................................................................................................... 65

Number of TX Channels

The software allows you to perform ACLR and SEM measurements on systems that support carrier aggregation.

Measurements on one or two TX channels are supported.

For the second TX channel, you can select the bandwidths as defined by 3GPP. For more information see "Channel Bandwidth / Number of Resource Blocks" on page 75.

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In case of ACLR measurements with carrier aggregation, the measurement frequency is not the frequency of one of the carriers, but lies somewhere in between the carrier frequencies, depending on the bandwidths you have selected for the two carriers. The carriers have to be next to each other for the measurement to work reliably.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:CABW on page 162

SEM Requirement

Selects the type of spectrum emission mask used for the Out of Band emission measurement.

The software supports general and specific (additional) spectrum emission masks. The specific spectrum emission masks contain additional SEM requirements. The additional requirements masks to use for the measurement depend on the network signalled value "NS_03", "NS_04", "NS_06" or "NS_07".

If "NS_06" or "NS_07" is indicated in the cell, use SEM requirement "NS_06_07".

Remote command:

[SENSe]:POWer:SEM:UL:REQuirement on page 162

General Settings

Spectrum Settings

Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier

Selects the assumed adjacent channel carrier for the ACLR measurement.

The supported types are EUTRA of same bandwidth, 1.28 Mcps UTRA, 3.84 Mcps UTRA and 7.68 Mcps UTRA.

Note that not all combinations of LTE Channel Bandwidth settings and Assumed Adj. Channel Carrier settings are defined in the 3GPP standard.

Remote command:

[SENSe]:POWer:ACHannel:AACHannel on page 163

Noise Correction

Turns noise correction on and off.

Note that the input attenuator makes a clicking noise after each sweep if you are using the noise correction in combination with the auto leveling process.

Remote command:

[SENSe]:POWer:NCORrection on page 163

Auto Gating

Turns gating for SEM and ACLR measurements on and off.

If on, the software evaluates the on-periods of an LTE TDD signal only. The software determines the location and length of the on-period from the "TDD UL/DL Allocations" and the "Configuration of the Special Subframe".

Note that the automatic cyclic prefix mode detection is not supported if you have turned on Auto Gating. In that case, you have to select the cyclic prefix mode manually.

Auto gating is available for TDD measurements in combination with an external or IF power trigger.

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If you are using an external trigger, the DUT has to send an LTE frame trigger.

Remote command:

[SENSe]:SWEep:EGATe:AUTO on page 163

General Settings

Advanced Settings

4.4.2 Configuring Spectrum Flatness Measurements

The spectrum flatness settings contain settings that define certain aspects of those measurements.

The Spectrum Flatness measurement settings are part of the "General Settings" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Operating Band Index................................................................................................... 66

Extreme Conditions.......................................................................................................66

Operating Band Index

Selects one of the 40 operating bands for spectrum flatness measurements as defined in TS 36.101.

The operating band defines the frequency band and the dedicated duplex mode.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:SFLatness:OBANd on page 164

Extreme Conditions

Turns extreme conditions on and off.

If you turn the extreme conditions on, the software will modify the limit lines for the limit check of the spectral flatness measurement.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:SFLatness:ECONditions on page 164

4.5 Advanced Settings

The advanced settings contain settings to configure the signal input and some global measurement analysis settings.

You can find the advanced settings in the "General Settings" dialog box.

● Controlling I/Q Data.................................................................................................67

● Configuring the Baseband Input..............................................................................67

● Using Advanced Input Settings...............................................................................68

● Configuring the Digital I/Q Input..............................................................................69

● Global Settings........................................................................................................69

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General Settings

Advanced Settings

4.5.1 Controlling I/Q Data

The I/Q settings contain settings that control the I/Q data flow.

The I/Q settings are part of the "Advanced" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Swap I/Q....................................................................................................................... 67

File Source Offset......................................................................................................... 67

Swap I/Q

Swaps the real (I branch) and the imaginary (Q branch) parts of the signal.

Remote command:

[SENSe]:SWAPiq on page 164

File Source Offset

Defines the location in an I/Q data file where the analysis starts.

Remote command:

INPut:IQ:FSOFfset on page 165

4.5.2 Configuring the Baseband Input

The baseband settings contain settings that configure the baseband input.

The baseband settings are part of the "Advanced" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

High Impedance............................................................................................................ 67

Balanced....................................................................................................................... 68

Low Pass.......................................................................................................................68

Dither.............................................................................................................................68

High Impedance

Selects the impedance of the baseband input.

By default (high impedance is off), the impedance is 50 Ω.

If you turn the high impedance on, the impedance changes to 1 kΩ or 1 MΩ, depending on the configuration of the analyzer.

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High impedance is available for a baseband input source.

Remote command:

INPut:IQ:IMPedance on page 165

Balanced

Turns symmetric (or balanced) input on and off.

If active, a ground connection is not necessary. If you are using an assymetrical (unbalanced) setup, the ground connection runs through the shield of the coaxial cable that is used to connect the DUT

Balancing is available for a baseband input source.

Remote command:

INPut:IQ:BALanced[:STATe] on page 165

Low Pass

Turns an anti-aliasing low pass filter on and off.

The filter has a cut-off frequency of 36 MHz and prevents frequencies above from being mixed into the usable frequency range. Note that if you turn the filter off, harmonics or spurious emissions of the DUT might be in the frequency range above 36 MHz and might be missed.

General Settings

Advanced Settings

You can turn it off for measurement bandwidths greater than 30 MHz.

The low pass filter is available for a baseband input source.

Remote command:

[SENSe]:IQ:LPASs[:STATe] on page 166

Dither

Adds a noise signal into the signal path of the baseband input.

Dithering improves the linearity of the A/D converter at low signal levels or low modulation. Improving the linearity also improves the accuracy of the displayed signal levels.

The signal has a bandwidth of 2 MHz with a center frequency of 38.93 MHz.

Dithering is available for a baseband input source.

Remote command:

[SENSe]:IQ:DITHer[:STATe] on page 166

4.5.3 Using Advanced Input Settings

The advanced input settings contain settings that configure the RF input.

The advanced input settings are part of the "Advanced" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

For more information see "Defining a Reference Level" on page 55.

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General Settings

Advanced Settings

4.5.4 Configuring the Digital I/Q Input

The digital I/Q settings contain settings that configure the digital I/Q input.

The digital I/Q settings are part of the "Advanced" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Sampling Rate (Input Data Rate).................................................................................. 69

Full Scale Level.............................................................................................................69

Sampling Rate (Input Data Rate)

Defines the data sample rate at the digital baseband input.

The sample rate is available for a digital baseband input source.

Remote command:

INPut<n>:DIQ:SRATe on page 167

Full Scale Level

Defines the voltage corresponding to the maximum input value of the digital baseband input.

Remote command:

INPut<n>:DIQ:RANGe[:UPPer] on page 166

4.5.5 Global Settings

The global settings contain settings that are independent of other settings.

The global settings are part of the "Advanced" tab of the "General Settings" dialog box.

Couple Screens.............................................................................................................69

Stop Run Continuous On Limit Check Fail....................................................................70

Couple Screens

Couples and decouples markers that have the same x-axis unit in the top and bottom result displays (e.g. both result displays have a frequency axis).

In case of the constellation diagram, the constellation selection is also coupled to the marker.

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Stop Run Continuous On Limit Check Fail

Stops a continuous measurement if the signal fails any limit check in the currently active result display.

For example, the measurement would stop on an EVM PUSCH QPSK limit check fail if the result summary is active.

General Settings

Advanced Settings

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5 Demod Settings

The following chapter contains all settings that are available in the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

● Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation.................................................................71

● Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics.................................................................... 75

● Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics.............................................................. 83

Demod Settings

Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation

5.1 Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation

The uplink demodulation settings contain settings that describe the signal processing and the way the signal is measured.

You can find the demodulation settings in the "Demod Settings" dialog box.

● Configuring the Data Analysis.................................................................................71

● Compensating Signal Errors................................................................................... 74

5.1.1 Configuring the Data Analysis

The data analysis settings contain setting that control the data analysis.

The data analysis settings are part of the "Downlink Demodulation Settings" tab of the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

Analysis Mode...............................................................................................................72

Channel Estimation Range........................................................................................... 72

EVM with Exclusion Period........................................................................................... 72

Analyze TDD Transient Slots........................................................................................ 72

Compensate DC Offset................................................................................................. 72

Scrambling of Coded Bits..............................................................................................72

Auto Demodulation........................................................................................................73

Subframe Configuration Detection................................................................................ 73

Suppressed Interference Synchronization.................................................................... 74

Multicarrier Filter........................................................................................................... 74

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Analysis Mode

Selects the channel analysis mode.

You can select from "PUSCH/PUCCH" mode and "PRACH" mode.

PUSCH/PUCCH mode analyzes the PUSCH and PUCCH. This is the default.

PRACH mode analyzes the PRACH only. In PRACH analysis mode no subframe or slot selection is available. Instead you can select a particular preamble that the results are shown for. Note that PRACH analysis mode does not support all result displays.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:MODE on page 168

Channel Estimation Range

Selects the method for channel estimation.

You can select if only the pilot symbols are used to perform channel estimation or if both pilot and payload carriers are used.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:CESTimation on page 168

Demod Settings

Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation

EVM with Exclusion Period

Turns exclusion periods for EVM measurements as defined in 3GPP TS 36.521 on and off.

The exclusion period affects the PUSCH data EVM of the first and last symbol.

The software automatically determines the length of the exclusion period according to 3GPP TS 36.521-1.

The exclusion period has no effect on the EVM vs Carrier and EVM vs Symbol x Carrier result displays.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:EEPeriod on page 168

Analyze TDD Transient Slots

Includes or excludes the transient slots present after a switch from downlink to uplink in the analysis.

If on, the transient slots are not included in the measurement.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:ATTSlots on page 168

Compensate DC Offset

Turns DC offset compensation when calculating measurement results on and off.

According to 3GPP TS 36.101 (Annex F.4), the analyzer removes the carrier leakage (I/Q origin offset) from the evaluated signal before it calculates the EVM and in-band emissions.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:CDCoffset on page 169

Scrambling of Coded Bits

Turns the scrambling of coded bits for the PUSCH on and off.

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The scrambling of coded bits affects the bitstream results.

Fig. 5-1: Source for bitstream results if scrambling for coded bits is on and off

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:CBSCrambling on page 169

Demod Settings

Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation

Auto Demodulation

Turns automatic demodulation on and off.

If active, the analyzer automatically detects the characteristics of each subframe in the signal (resource allocation of the signal).

Two methods of detection are supported:

Subframe Configuration

●

This method automatically determines the characteristics for each subframe as shown in the Subframe Configuration Table. The table is populated accordingly. Subframe Configuration & DMRS

●

Auto Demodulation, DMRS Auto Detection (On) This method automatically detects the PUSCH and SRS (i.e. no PUCCH can be detected). To determine these characteristics, the software detects the CAZAC base parameters. Thus, the DMRS configuration parameters are not required for the synchronization and therefore are not available using this method. Note however that it is not possible to derive the DMRS configuration parameters from the CAZAC base parameters so that the disabled DMRS configuration parameters do not reflect the current parameters used for the synchronization. Also note that it can happen that the software successfully synchronizes on non-3GPP signals without a warning.

Automatic demodulation is not available if the Suppressed Interference Synchronization is active.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:ACON on page 169

Subframe Configuration Detection

Turns the detection of the subframe configuration on and off.

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Upon activation, the software compares the current demodulated LTE frame to the subframe configuration you have set. Only if the signal is consistent with the configuration, the software will further analyze the LTE frame.

If inactive, the software analyzes the signal even if it is not consistent with the current subframe configuration.

Subframe configuration detection is available if "Auto Demodulation" is turned off.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:FORMat:SCD on page 169

Suppressed Interference Synchronization

Turns suppressed interference synchronization on and off.

If active, the synchronization on signals containing more than one user equipment (UE) is more robust. Additionally, the EVM is lower in case the UEs have different frequency offsets. Note that Auto Demodulation is not supported in this synchronization mode and the EVM may be higher in case only one UE is present in the signal.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:SISYnc on page 170

Demod Settings

Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation

Multicarrier Filter

Turns the suppression of interference of neighboring carriers on and off.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:DEMod:MCFilter on page 170

5.1.2 Compensating Signal Errors

The tracking settings contain settings that compensate for various common signal errors that may occur.

The tracking settings are part of the "Downlink Demodulation Settings" tab of the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

Phase............................................................................................................................ 74

Timing........................................................................................................................... 75

Phase

Specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for common phase error. When phase compensation is used, the measurement results will be compensated for phase error on a per-symbol basis.

"Off"

"Pilot Only"

Phase tracking is not applied.

Only the reference signal is used for the estimation of the phase error.

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Demod Settings

Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics

"Pilot and Payload"

Both reference signal and payload resource elements are used for the estimation of the phase error.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:TRACking:PHASe on page 170

Timing

Specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for timing error. When timing compensation is used, the measurement results will be compensated for timing error on a per-symbol basis.

Remote command:

[SENSe][:LTE]:UL:TRACking:TIME on page 170

5.2 Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics

The uplink signal characteristics contain settings to describe the physical attributes and structure of an uplink LTE signal.

You can find the signal characteristics in the "Demod Settings" dialog box.

● Defining the Physical Signal Characteristics...........................................................75

● Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity............................................................77

● Configuring Subframes........................................................................................... 78

5.2.1 Defining the Physical Signal Characteristics

The physical signal characteristics contain settings to describe the physical attributes of an uplink LTE signal.

The physical settings are part of the "Uplink Signal Characteristics" tab of the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

Channel Bandwidth / Number of Resource Blocks

Specifies the channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks (RB).

The channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks (RB) are interdependent. Currently, the LTE standard recommends six bandwidths (see table below).

The software also calculates the FFT size, sampling rate, occupied bandwidth and occupied carriers from the channel bandwidth. Those are read only.

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Channel Bandwidth [MHz] 1.4 20151053

Number of Resource Blocks 6 10075502515

Sample Rate [MHz] 1.92 30.7230.7215.367.683.84

The software shows the currently selected LTE mode (including the bandwidth) in the header table.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:BW on page 171

Cyclic Prefix

The cyclic prefix serves as a guard interval between OFDM symbols to avoid interferences. The standard specifies two cyclic prefix modes with a different length each.

The cyclic prefix mode defines the number of OFDM symbols in a slot.

Normal

●

A slot contains 7 OFDM symbols. Extended

●

A slot contains 6 OFDM symbols. The extended cyclic prefix is able to cover larger cell sizes with higher delay spread of the radio channel. Auto

●

The application automatically detects the cyclic prefix mode in use.

The software shows the currently selected cyclic prefix in the header table.

Demod Settings

Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics

FFT Size 128 204820481024512256

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:CYCPrefix on page 171

Configuring TDD Frames

TDD frames contain both uplink and downlink information separated in time with every subframe being responsible for either uplink or downlink transmission. The standard specifies several subframe configurations or resource allocations for TDD systems.

TDD UL/DL Allocations

Selects the configuration of the subframes in a radio frame in TDD systems.

The UL/DL configuration (or allocation) defines the way each subframe is used: for uplink, downlink or if it is a special subframe. The standard specifies seven different configurations.

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Demod Settings

Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics

Configuration

U = uplink D = downlink S = special subframe

0 987654321

Subframe Number and Usage

Conf. of Special Subframe

In combination with the cyclic prefix, the special subframes serve as guard periods for switches from uplink to downlink. They contain three parts or fields.

DwPTS

●

The DwPTS is the downlink part of the special subframe. It is used to transmit downlink data. GP

●

The guard period makes sure that there are no overlaps of up- and downlink signals during a switch. UpPTS

●

The UpPTS is the uplink part of the special subframe. It is used to transmit uplink data.

The length of the three fields is variable. This results in several possible configurations of the special subframe. The LTE standard defines 10 different configurations for the special subframe. However, configurations 8 and 9 only work for a normal cyclic prefix.

If you select configurations 8 or 9 using an extended cyclic prefix or automatic detection of the cyclic prefix, the software will show an error message.

Remote command: Subframe: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:TDD:UDConf on page 172 Special subframe: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:TDD:SPSC on page 172

5.2.2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity

The physical signal characteristics contain settings to describe the physical attributes of an uplink LTE signal.

The physical settings are part of the "Uplink Signal Characteristics" tab of the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

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)2()1(

IDID

cell ID

NNN 

Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity

The cell ID, cell identity group and physical layer identity are interdependent parameters. In combination they are responsible for synchronization between network and user equipment.

The physical layer cell ID identifies a particular radio cell in the LTE network. The cell identities are divided into 168 unique cell identity groups. Each group consists of 3 physical layer identities. According to

(1)

= cell identity group, {0...167}

(2)

= physical layer identity, {0...2}

there is a total of 504 different cell IDs.

If you change one of these three parameters, the software automatically updates the other two.

The Cell ID determines

the reference signal grouping hopping pattern

●

the reference signal sequence hopping

●

the PUSCH demodulation reference signal pseudo-random sequence

●

the cyclic shifts for PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b and sequences for PUCCH formats

●

2/2a/2b the pseudo-random sequence used for scrambling

●

the pseudo-random sequence used for type 2 PUSCH frequency hopping

●

The software shows the currently selected cell ID in the header table.

Demod Settings

Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics

Remote command: Cell ID: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:PLC:CID on page 173 Cell Identity Group: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:PLC:CIDGroup on page 173 Identity: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:PLC:PLID on page 174

5.2.3 Configuring Subframes

An LTE frame consists of 10 subframes. Each individual subframe may have a different resource block configuration. This configuration is shown in the "Subframe Configuration Table".

The application supports two ways to determine the characteristics of each subframe.

Automatic demodulation of the channel configuration and detection of the subframe

●

characteristics. In case of automatic demodulation, the contents of the table are determined according to the signal currently evaluated. For more information see "Auto Demodulation" on page 73.

Custom configuration of the configuration of each subframe.

●

In case of manual configuration, you can customize the table according to the signal that you expect. The signal is demodulated even if the signal does not fit the

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decription in the table or, in case of Physical Detection, only if the frame fits the description in the table. Remote command: Conf. subframes: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:CSUBframes on page 175

Frame number offset

A frame number offset is also available. The frame number offset assigns a number to the demodulated frame in order to identify it in a series of transmitted (and captured) frames.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SFNO on page 174

Demod Settings

Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics

● Individual Subframe Configuration..........................................................................79

● Enhanced Settings..................................................................................................81

5.2.3.1 Individual Subframe Configuration

The "Subframe Configuration Table" contains the characteristics for each subframe. The software supports a maximum uplink LTE frame size of 10 subframes. The subframe number in the table depends on the number of "Configurable Subframes" that you have defined or that have been detected in case of automatic demodulation.

Each row in the table represents one subframe or one allocation if the subframe is a cluster of allocations.

Subframe Number.........................................................................................................79

Enable PUCCH............................................................................................................. 80

Enable PUSCH............................................................................................................. 80

Modulation.....................................................................................................................80

Enhanced Settings........................................................................................................ 80

Number of RB............................................................................................................... 80

Offset RB.......................................................................................................................80

Subframe Number

Shows the number of a subframe.

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Note that, depending on the TDD configuration, some subframes may not be available for editing. The analyzer labels those subframes "(not used)".

Enable PUCCH

Turns the PUCCH in the corresponding subframe on and off.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:CONT

on page 175

Enable PUSCH

Turns the PUSCH in the corresponding subframe on and off.

If you turn on a PUSCH, "Modulation", "Number of RBs" and "Offset RB" become available.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:CONT

on page 175

Modulation

Selects the modulation scheme for the corresponding PUSCH allocation.

The modulation scheme is either QPSK, 16QAM or 64QAM.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:MODulation

on page 176

Demod Settings

Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics

Enhanced Settings

Opens a dialog box to configure enhanced functionality for selected channels in each subframe.

For more information see Enhanced Settings.

Number of RB

Sets the number of resource blocks the PUSCH allocation covers. The number of resource blocks defines the size or bandwidth of the PUSCH allocation.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc[: CLUSter<cluster>]:RBCount on page 175

Offset RB

Sets the resource block at which the PUSCH allocation begins.

Make sure not to allocate PUSCH allocations into regions reserved for PUCCH allocations.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc[: CLUSter<cluster>]:RBOFfset on page 175

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Demod Settings

Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics

5.2.3.2 Enhanced Settings

The "Enhanced Settings" contain functionality to define enhanced characteristics for selected channels.

Enhanced PUSCH Configuration.................................................................................. 81

Enhanced Demodulation Reference Signal Configuration............................................81

Enhanced PUCCH Configuration..................................................................................82

Enhanced PUSCH Configuration

Configures the PUSCH in individual subframes.

Note that you have to select more than one antenna for the PUSCH transmission to access these parameters. For more information see "MIMO Configuration" on page 62.

Resource Allocation Type 1

Turns a clustered PUSCH allocation an and off. If on, a second row is added to the corresponding allocation. This second row represents the second cluster.

You can define the number of resource block and the offset resource block for each cluster. All other parameters (power, modulation etc.) are the same for both clusters.

Precoding Settings

If you are using a clustered PUSCH, you can also define the number of layers for any allocation and the codebook index.

The number of layers of an allocation in combination with the number of code words determines the layer mapping. The available number of layers depends on the number of transmission antennas. Thus, the maximum number of layers you can select is four.

The codebook index determines the precoding matrix. The available number of indices depends on the number of transmission antennas in use. The range is from 0 to 23.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:RATO

on page 178

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:PRECoding: CLMapping on page 176 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:PRECoding: CBINdex on page 176

Enhanced Demodulation Reference Signal Configuration

Configures the Demodulation Reference Signal in individual subframes.

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n(2)_DMRS

Defines the part of the demodulation reference signal index that is part of the uplink scheduling assignment. Thus, this part of the index is valid for corresponding UE and subframe only.

The index applies when multiple shifts within a cell are used. It is used for the calculation of the DMRS sequence.

Cyclic Shift Field

If Activate-DMRS-With OCC is on, the "Cyclic Shift Field" becomes available to define the cyclic shift field.

The Cyclic Shift Field is signalled by the PDCCH downlink channel in DCI format 0 and

4. It selects n(2)_DMRS and the orthogonal sequence (OCC) for signals according to LTE release 10.

If the "Cyclic Shift Field" is off, the demodulation reference signal is configured by the n(2)_DMRS parameter.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:PUSCh: NDMRs on page 177 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:PUSCh: CSField on page 177

Demod Settings

Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics

Enhanced PUCCH Configuration

Configures the PUSCH in individual subframes.

n_PUCCH

Defines the n_PUCCH parameter for the selected subframe.

Available only if you have selected "Per Subframe" for the N_PUCCH.

PUCCH Format

Selects the PUCCH format for the selected subframe.

Available only if you have selected "Per Subframe" for the Format.

Remote command: n_PUCCH: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:

PUCCh:NPAR on page 177

Format: CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:SUBFrame<subframe>:ALLoc:

PUCCh:FORMat on page 176

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Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

5.3 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

The uplink advanced signal characteristics contain settings that describe the detailed structure of an uplink LTE signal.

You can find the advanced signal characteristics in the "Demod Settings" dialog box.

● Configuring the Demodulation Reference Signal....................................................83

● Configuring the Sounding Reference Signal...........................................................85

● Defining the PUSCH Structure................................................................................88

● Defining the PUCCH Structure................................................................................90

● Defining the PRACH Structure................................................................................92

● Defining Global Signal Characteristics....................................................................93

5.3.1 Configuring the Demodulation Reference Signal

The demodulation reference signal settings contain settings that define the physical attributes and structure of the demodulation reference signal. This reference signal helps to demodulate the PUSCH.

The demodulation reference signal settings are part of the "Uplink Advanced Signal Characteristics" tab of the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

Sequence...................................................................................................................... 83

Group Hopping..............................................................................................................84

Sequence Hopping........................................................................................................84

Relative Power PUSCH................................................................................................ 84

Activate-DMRS-With OCC............................................................................................ 84

n(1)_DMRS................................................................................................................... 85

Delta Sequence Shift.................................................................................................... 85

Relative Power PUCCH................................................................................................ 85

Sequence

Selects the definition the demodulation reference signal is based on.

"3GPP"

The structure of the DRS is based on the 3GPP standard. If you are using a DRS based on 3GPP, you have to set all parameters in the "Demodulation Reference Signal" settings group. They have to be the same as those of the signal generator.

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Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

"I/Q File"

The structure of the DRS is customized. Move the file that contains the signal definition into the default directory. For more information see chapter 7.3, "Customizing Reference

Symbols", on page 100.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:DRS:SEQuence on page 180

Group Hopping

Turns group hopping for the demodulation reference signal on and off.

The group hopping pattern is based on 17 hopping patterns and 30 sequence shift patterns. It is generated by a pseudo-random sequence generator.

If on, PUSCH and PUCCH use the same group hopping pattern.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:DRS:GRPHopping on page 179

Sequence Hopping

Turns sequence hopping for the uplink demodulation reference signal on and off.

Sequence hopping is generated by a pseudo-random sequence generator.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:DRS:SEQHopping on page 180

Relative Power PUSCH

Defines the power of the DMRS relative to the power level of the PUSCH allocation in the corresponding subframe (P

DMRS_Offset

The effective power level of the DMRS depends on the allocation of the subframe and is calculated as follows.

DMRS

= PUE + P

PUSCH

+ P

DMRS_Offset

The relative power of the DMRS is applied to all subframes.

The power of the PUSCH (P

) may be different in each subframe.

PUSCH

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:DRS[:PUSCh]:POWer on page 180

Activate-DMRS-With OCC

Turns the configuration of the demodulation reference signal on a subframe basis via the "Cyclic Shift Field" on and off.

If on, the "Cyclic Shift Field" becomes available. Otherwise, the demodulation reference signal is configured by the n(2)_DMRS parameter.

Note that this parameter is automatically turned on if at least one of the physical channels uses more than one antenna.

For more information see Enhanced Settings and MIMO Configuration.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:DRS:AOCC on page 178

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n(1)_DMRS

Defines the part of the demodulation reference signal index that is broadcasted. It is valid for the whole cell.

The index applies when multiple shifts within a cell are used. It is used for the calculation of the DMRS sequence.

The n_DMRS parameter can be found in 3GPP TS36.211 V8.5.0, 5.5.2.1.1 Reference signal sequence.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:DRS:NDMRs on page 179

Delta Sequence Shift

Defines the delta sequence shift ΔSS.

The standard defines a sequence shift pattern fss for the PUCCH. The corresponding

sequence shift pattern for the PUSCH is a function of f shift.

For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.1.3 "Group Hopping".

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:DRS:DSSHift on page 179

Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

PUCCH

and the delta sequence

Relative Power PUCCH

Defines the power of the DMRS relative to the power level of the PUCCH allocation in the corresponding subframe (P

DMRS_Offset

The effective power level of the DMRS depends on the allocation of the subframe and is calculated as follows.

DMRS

= PUE + P

PUCCH

+ P

DMRS_Offset

The relative power of the DMRS is applied to all subframes.

The power of the PUCCH (P

) may be different in each subframe.

PUCCH

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:DRS:PUCCh:POWer on page 179

5.3.2 Configuring the Sounding Reference Signal

The sounding reference signal settings contain settings that define the physical attributes and structure of the sounding reference signal.

The sounding reference signal settings are part of the "Uplink Advanced Signal Characteristics" tab of the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

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Present..........................................................................................................................86

SRS Subframe Conf......................................................................................................86

SRS BW Conf. C_SRS................................................................................................. 86

SRS MaxUpPts............................................................................................................. 86

Conf. Index I_SRS........................................................................................................ 86

SRS Bandwidth B_SRS................................................................................................ 87

Transm. Comb. k_TC....................................................................................................87

SRS Rel Power............................................................................................................. 87

Hopping BW b_hop....................................................................................................... 87

Freq. Domain Pos. n_RRC........................................................................................... 88

SRS Cyclic Shift N_CS................................................................................................. 88

A/N + SRS Simultaneous TX........................................................................................ 88

Present

Includes or excludes the sounding reference signal (SRS) from the test setup.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:STAT on page 183

Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

SRS Subframe Conf.

Defines the subframe configuration of the SRS.

The subframe configuration of the SRS is specific to a cell. The UE sends a shortened PUCCH/PUSCH in these subframes, regardless of whether the UE is configured to send an SRS in the corresponding subframe or not.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:SUConfig on page 183

SRS BW Conf. C_SRS

Defines the bandwidth configuration of the SRS.

The bandwidth configuration is a cell specific parameter that, in combination with the SRS bandwidth and the channel bandwidth, defines the length of the souunding reference signal sequence. For more information on the calculation refer to 3GPP TS

36.211 chapter 5.5.3 "Sounding Reference Signal".

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:CSRS on page 181

SRS MaxUpPts

Turns the parameter srs_MaxUpPts on and off.

srs_MaxUpPts controls the SRS transmission in the UpPTS field in TDD systems. If on, the SRS is transmitted in a frequency range of the UpPTS field that does not overlap with resources reserved for PRACH preamble 4 transmissions.

To avoid an overlap, the number of SRS resource blocks otherwise determined by C_SRS and B_SRS is reconfigured.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:MUPT on page 182

Conf. Index I_SRS

Defines the configuration index of the SRS.

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Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

The configuration index I dicity (T on T

) and the SRS subframe offset (T

SRS

and T

depends on the duplexing mode.

offset

is a cell specific parameter that determines the SRS perio-

SRS

). The effects of the configuration index

offset

For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.213, Table 8.2-1 (FDD) and 8.2-2 (TDD).

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:ISRS on page 182

SRS Bandwidth B_SRS

Defines the parameter B

is a UE specific parameter that defines the bandwidth of the SRS. The SRS either

SRS

spans the entire frequency bandwidth or uses frequency hopping when several narrowband SRS cover the same total bandwidth.

The standard defines up to four bandwidths for the SRS. The most narrow SRS bandwidth (B

The other three values of B

= 3) spans four resource blocks and is available for all channel bandwidths.

SRS

define more wideband SRS bandwidths. Their availabil-

SRS

ity depends on the channel bandwidth.

The availability of SRS bandwidths additionally depends on the bandwidth configuration of the SRS (C

SRS

For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2 "Mapping to Physical Resources" for the Sounding Reference Signal.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:BSRS on page 181

Transm. Comb. k_TC

Defines the transmission comb kTC.

The transmission comb. is a UE specific parameter. For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2 "Mapping to Physical Resources" for the Sounding Reference Signal.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:TRComb on page 183

SRS Rel Power

Defines the power of the SRS relative to the power of the corresponding UE (P

set

SRS_Off-

The effective power level of the SRS is calculated as follows.

= PUE + P

SRS

SRS_Offset

The relative power of the SRS is applied to all subframes.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:POWer on page 182

Hopping BW b_hop

Defines the parameter b

hop

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is a UE specific parameter that defines the frequency hopping bandwidth. SRS fre-

hop

quency hopping is active if b

For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2 "Mapping to Physical Resources" for the Sounding Reference Signal.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:BHOP on page 181

Freq. Domain Pos. n_RRC

Defines the parameter n

is a UE specific parameter and determines the starting physical resource block of

RRC

the SRS transmission.

For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2 "Mapping to Physical Resources" for the Sounding Reference Signal.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:NRRC on page 182

RRC

Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

hop

< B

SRS

SRS Cyclic Shift N_CS

Defines the cyclic shift (nCS) used for the generation of the SRS CAZAC sequence.

Because the different shifts of the same Zadoff-Chu sequence are orthogonal to each other, applying different SRS cyclic shifts can be used to schedule different UE to simultaneously transmit their SRS.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:CYCS on page 182

A/N + SRS Simultaneous TX

Turns simultaneous transmission of the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and ACK/ NACK messages (via PUCCH) on and off.

By turning the parameter on, you allow for simultaneous transmission of PUCCH and SRS in the same subframe.

If off, the SRS not transmitted in the subframe for which you have configured simultaneous transmission of PUCCH and SRS.

Note that simultaneous transmission of SRS and PUCCH is available only if the PUCCH format is either 1, 1a, 1b or 3. The other PUCCH formats contain CQI reports which are not transmitted with the SRS.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:SRS:ANST on page 181

5.3.3 Defining the PUSCH Structure

The PUSCH structure settings contain settings that describe the physical attributes and structure of the PUSCH.

The PUSCH structure setup is part of the "Uplink Advanced Signal Characteristics" tab of the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

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Frequency Hopping Mode.............................................................................................89

Info. in Hopping Bits...................................................................................................... 89

PUSCH Hopping Offset.................................................................................................89

Number of Subbands.................................................................................................... 89

Frequency Hopping Mode

Selects the frequency hopping mode of the PUSCH.

Several hopping modes are supported.

None

●

No frequency hopping. Inter Subframe Hopping

●

PUSCH changes the frequency from one subframe to another. Intra Subframe Hopping

●

PUSCH also changes the frequency within a subframe.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:PUSCh:FHMode on page 183

Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

Info. in Hopping Bits

Defines the information available in the hopping bits according to the PDCCH DCI format 0 hopping bit definition.

The information in the hopping bits determines whether type 1 or type 2 hopping is used in the subframe and, in case of type 1, additionally determines the exact hopping function to use.

For more information on PUSCH frequency hopping refer to 3GPP TS36.213.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:PUSCh:FHOP:IIHB on page 184

PUSCH Hopping Offset

Defines the PUSCH Hopping Offset N

The PUSCH Hopping Offset determines the first physical resource block and the maximum number of physical resource blocks available for PUSCH transmission if PUSCH frequency hopping is active.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:PUSCh:FHOFfset on page 184

Number of Subbands

Defines the number of subbands reserved for PUSCH.

For more information refer to 3GPP TS 36.211, chapter 5.5.3.2 "Mapping to Physical Resources" for the Sounding Reference Signal.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL[:CC<cci>]:PUSCh:NOSM on page 184

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Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

5.3.4 Defining the PUCCH Structure

The PUCCH structure settings contain settings that describe the physical attributes and structure of the PUCCH.

The PUSCH structure setup is part of the "Uplink Advanced Signal Characteristics" tab of the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

No. of RBs for PUCCH..................................................................................................90

Delta Shift......................................................................................................................90

N(1)_cs..........................................................................................................................91

N(2)_RB........................................................................................................................ 91

Format...........................................................................................................................91

N_PUCCH.....................................................................................................................91

No. of RBs for PUCCH

Defines the number of resource blocks reserved for PUCCH.

The resource blocks for PUCCH are always allocated at the edges of the LTE spectrum.

In case of an even number of PUCCH resource blocks, half of the available PUCCH resource blocks is allocated on the lower, the other half on the upper edge of the LTE spectrum (outermost resource blocks).

In case of an odd number of PUCCH resource blocks, the number of resource blocks on the lower edge is one resource block larger than the number of resource blocks on the upper edge of the LTE spectrum.

If you select the "Auto" menu item, the software automatically detects the number of RBs.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:NORB on page 185

Delta Shift

Defines the delta shift parameter.

The delta shift is the difference between two adjacent PUCCH resource indices with the same orthogonal cover sequence (OC).

It determines the number of available sequences in a resource block that can be used for PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b.

For more information refer to 3GPP TS36.211, chapter 5.4 "Physical Uplink Control Channel".

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:DESHift on page 185

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N(1)_cs

Defines the number of cyclic shifts used for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b in a resource block used for a combination of the formats 1/1a/1b and 2/2a/2b.

Only one resource block per slot can support a combination of the PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b and 2/2a/2b.

The number of cyclic shifts available for PUCCH format 2/2a/2b N(2)_cs in a block with combination of PUCCH formats is calculated as follows.

N(2)_cs = 12 - N(1)_cs - 2

For more information refer to 3GPP TS36.211, chapter 5.4 "Physical Uplink Control Channel".

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:N1CS on page 185

N(2)_RB

Defines bandwidth in terms of resource blocks that are reserved for PUCCH formats 2/2a/2b transmission in each subframe.

Since there can be only one resource block per slot that supports a combination of the PUCCH formats 1/1a/1b and 2/2a/2b, the number of resource block(s) per slot available for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b is determined by N(2)_RB.

For more information refer to 3GPP TS36.211, chapter 5.4 "Physical Uplink Control Channel".

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:N2RB on page 185

Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

Format

Selects the format of the PUCCH.

You can define the PUCCH format for all subframes or define the PUCCH format for each subframe individually.

F1, F1a, F1b, F2, F2a, F2b, F3

●

Selects the PUCCH format globally for every subframe. Per Subframe

●

You can select the PUCCH format for each subframe separately in the Enhanced

Settings of the "Subframe Configuration".

Note that formats F2a and F2b are only supported for normal cyclic prefix length.

For more information refer to 3GPP TS36.211, table 5.4-1 "Supported PUCCH Formats".

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:FORMat on page 186

N_PUCCH

Defines the resource index for PUCCH format 1/1a/1b respectively 2/2a/2b.

You can select the PUCCH format manually or allow the software to determine the PUCCH format automatically based on the measurement.

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Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

It is also possible to define N

on a subframe level by selecting the "Per Subframe"

PUCCH

menu item. For more information see chapter 5.2.3, "Configuring Subframes", on page 78.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PUCCh:NPAR on page 186

5.3.5 Defining the PRACH Structure

The PRACH structure settings contain settings that describe the physical attributes and structure of the PUCCH.

The PRACH structure setup is part of the "Uplink Advanced Signal Characteristics" tab of the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

PRACH Configuration................................................................................................... 92

Restricted Set................................................................................................................92

Frequency Offset...........................................................................................................92

Ncs Conf....................................................................................................................... 93

Logical Root Sequ. Idx.................................................................................................. 93

Sequence Index (v)....................................................................................................... 93

PRACH Preamble Mapping.......................................................................................... 93

PRACH Configuration

Sets the PRACH configuration index as defined in the 3GPP TS 36.211, i.e. defines the subframes in which random access preamble transmission is allowed.

The preamble format is automatically derived form the PRACH Configuration.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PRACh:CONF on page 187

Restricted Set

Selects whether a restricted preamble set (high speed mode) or the unrestricted preamble set (normal mode) will be used.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PRACh:RSET on page 187

Frequency Offset

For preamble formats 0-3, sets the PRACH Frequency Offset as defined in the 3GPP TS 36.211, i.e. determines the first physical resource block available for PRACH expressed as a physical resource block number.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PRACh:FOFFset on page 187

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Ncs Conf

Selects the Ncs configuration, i.e. determines the Ncs value set according to TS

36.211, table 5.7.2.-2 and 5.7.2-3.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PRACh:NCSC on page 188

Logical Root Sequ. Idx

Selects the logical root sequence index.

The logical root sequence index is used to generate preamble sequences. It is provided by higher layers.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PRACh:RSEQ on page 188

Sequence Index (v)

Defines the sequence index (v).

The sequence index controls which of the 64 preambles available in a cell is used.

If you select the "Auto" menu item, the software automatically selects the required sequence index.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PRACh:SINDex on page 188

Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

PRACH Preamble Mapping

The frequency resource index fRA and the half frame indicator t1RA are neccessary to clearly specify the physical resource mapping of the PRACH in case a PRACH config-

uration index has more than one mapping alternative.

If you turn on the "Auto Preamble Mapping", the software automatically detects fRA and t1RA.

The values for both parameters are defined in table '5.7.1-4: Frame structure type 2 random access preamble mapping in time and frequency' (3GPP TS 36.211 v10.2.0).

The frequency resource index and half frame indicator are available in TDD mode.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PRACh:APM on page 187 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PRACh:FRINdex on page 188 CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:PRACh:HFINdicator on page 188

5.3.6 Defining Global Signal Characteristics

The global settings contain settings that apply to the complete signal.

The global settings are part of the "Uplink Advanced Signal Characteristics" tab of the "Demodulation Settings" dialog box.

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UE ID/n_RNTI............................................................................................................... 94

UE ID/n_RNTI

Sets the radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the UE.

Remote command:

CONFigure[:LTE]:UL:UEID on page 189

Demod Settings

Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

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6 Analyzing Measurement Results

The measurement software provides several tools to get more detailed information on the measurement results. The corresponding tools are part of the context menu.

► To access the context menu, click anywhere in the diagram grid with the right

mouse button.

Fig. 6-1: Context menu

Analyzing Measurement Results

Using the marker

You can use a marker to get the coordinates of a single point in the diagram area.

► Open the context menu and select the "Marker" menu item.

When the marker is active, the software puts a check mark ( "Marker" menu item.

When you turn it on, the software positions the marker on the trace maximum. After that you can move it around freely to any point of the trace.

In result displays that contain more than one trace (for example EVM vs Carrier), you can select the trace the marker is positioned on (Peak, Minimum or Average trace) with the "Set Marker To" menu item. Note that "Set Marker To" is only available if a marker is already active.

Marker positioning

If you try to put the marker on a coordinate not occupied by the trace, the software puts the marker to the nearest trace maximum (if you place it above the trace) or the nearest trace minimum (if you place it below the trace).

The marker coordinates are displayed in the upper left area of the diagram. The first number shows the vertical position, the second number the horizontal position of the marker including the units.

) in front of the

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If you want to reposition the marker on the trace maximum after moving it around, you have to first deactivate the marker and then reactivate it.

To deactivate the marker, open the context menu and reselect the "Marker" menu item.

Note that the marker is not available for all measurements and result displays.

Displaying data points

In result displays that contain a line trace only (for example the Power Spectrum), you can display the data points the trace is based on with the "Show Data Points" menu item. The data points are displayed in addition to the line trace.

Some result displays already contain the data points by default (for example EVM vs Symbol). Note that information might get lost if you turn the data points off in these result displays.

Analyzing Measurement Results

Zooming into the diagram area

If you'd like to see parts of the diagram area in more detail, you can use the zoom.

► Open the context menu and select the "Zoom" menu item.

The software opens a submenu with several zooming options.

Fig. 6-2: Zooming options

Zooming vertically and horizontally (XY)

●

Click on any point in the diagram area and draw a rectangle with the mouse. The rectangle defines the part of the diagram area you are zooming into.

Zooming horizontally (X)

●

Click on any point in the diagram area and define the horizontal section of the diagram area you want to zoom into.

Zooming vertically (Y)

●

Click on any point in the diagram area and define the vertical section of the diagram area you want to zoom into.

Zooming automatically (Auto XY)

●

Automatically scales the diagram area so that the complete trace data is visible. Double-clicking on the diagram has the same effect.

Restoring the default zoom

●

The "Default Zoom" entry restores the default zoom.

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The software also provides functionality to restore the default zoom each time when the results are refreshed.

► Open the context menu and select the "Default Zoom on Update" menu item.

Panning the trace

If you'd like to see parts of the measurement results that are outside the diagram area, you can move the contents of the diagram area. To move the contents of the diagram area, click anywhere in the diagram area and drag the contents of the diagram area until the parts you'd like to see are visible.

If there are parts of the trace data that are outside the visible display area, the software shows arrows to the right of the diagram area.

The arrows point in the direction where the invisible trace data is. If parts of the trace data is outside the visible area, the arrows are yellow. If all data in a particular direction is outside the visible area, the arrows turn red.

Analyzing Measurement Results

To make sure that the whole trace is always visible, you can use the automatic zoom ("Auto XY") available in the "Zoom" menu.

► Open the context menu and select the "Pan" menu item.

The software opens a submenu with several panning options.

Fig. 6-3: Panning options

Panning vertically and horizontally (XY)

●

Panning is possible in all directions.

Panning horizontally (X)

●

Panning is possible to the left and right.

Panning vertically (Y)

●

Panning is possible upwards and downwards.

Copying an image to the clipboard

If you want to document measurement results, you can move a copy of them to the clipboard of the operating system.

► Open the context menu and select the "Copy to Clipboard" menu item.

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7 Data Management

For easy handling of special measurement configurations, the software allows you to import or export various kinds of data.

Data Management

Importing and Exporting I/Q Data

7.1 Importing and Exporting I/Q Data

Instead of capturing data directly through hardware components, you can also analyze data that has been recorded previously and saved in a file. On the same lines, it is also possible to save the data that has been captured with an analyzer for further analysis at a later time or for documentation.

You can store and load I/Q data in binary or ASCII format. For a correct display of the power, the I/Q data has to be scaled linearily in Volt (e.g. for the Capture Buffer result display).

Loading I/Q data

Load the contents of an I/Q data file into the software fast and easy by dragging and dropping the file somwhere into the user interface.

The software updates the I/Q data to be measured automatically.

All functionality to import and export data is in the "File" menu (or file manager) that you can access via the FILE key.

ASCII format (.dat format)

In case of the ASCII (.dat) format, the data is expected as I and Q values in alternating rows.

(...)

To be able to analyze previously recorded data, you have to set the input source to "File". When you start a measurement, the software will ask you to select a file that contains the data.

To save data, enter the file manager and save the data with "Save IQ Data".

Binary format (.iqw format)

In case of the binary .iqw format, the data is expected in 32-bit floating point format. This format is also known as Little Endian, LSB Order or Intel format.

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Example:

The hexadecimal value 0x1D86E7BB would be decoded to -7.0655481E-3.

For single antenna measurements, the order of the I/Q data is either IQIQIQ... or II...IQQ...Q.

For MIMO measurements, you also have to consider the antenna in the order of the data, with alternating I and Q data for every antenna.

[I/Q][antenna index]([symbol index])

Example:

For a two antenna system, the string of data would like:

I0(0),Q0(0),I1(0),Q1(0),I0(1),Q0(1),I1(1),Q1(1),I0(2),Q0(2),...

Binary format (.iq.tar format)

In case of the .iq.tar format, the I/Q data is stored in a compressed format with the file extension .iq.tar.

Data Management

Managing Frame Data

An .iq.tar file contains I/Q data in binary format together with meta information that describes the nature and the source of data, e.g. the sample rate. The objective of the .iq.tar file format is to separate I/Q data from the meta information while still having both inside one file. In addition, the file format allows you to preview the I/Q data in a web browser, and allows you to include customized data.

An .iq.tar file must contain the following files.

I/Q parameter XML file

●

Contains meta information about the I/Q data (e.g. sample rate). The filename can be defined freely, but there must be only one single I/Q parameter XML file inside an .iq.tar file.

I/Q data binary file

●

Contains the binary I/Q data of all channels. There must be only one single I/Q data binary file inside an .iq.tar file.

Optionally, an .iq.tar file can contain the following file.

I/Q preview XSLT file

●

Contains a stylesheet to display the I/Q parameter XML file and a preview of the I/Q data in a web browser.

7.2 Managing Frame Data

For fast access to the frame description (or structure of a signal), you can save it and again use it at a later time. To manage frame descriptions, enter the file manager and select "Save Demod Setup" to save the current setup or "Load Demod Setup" to restore a previously created setup.

The frame decription contains the complete modulation structure of the signal.

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The frame structure is defined in the xml file format. The file contains all parameters that are part of the demodulation settings. If you want to define more than one allocation, you can do so by adding additional PRB entries (<PRB> element).

Note the following restrictions for the frame description.

You have to define at least one PRB.

●

You can allocate a maximum of one frames.

●

The example below shows a typical frame description.

<FrameDefinition LinkDirection="uplink" TDDULDLAllocationConfiguration="0"

RessourceBlocks="50" CP="auto" PhysLayCellIDGrp="Group 0" PhysLayID="ID 0"

N_RNTI="0" N_f="0" NOfSubbands="4" N_RB_HO="4" NOfRB_PUCCH="4" DeltaShift="2"

N1_cs="6" N2_RB="1" NPUCCH="0" DeltaOffset="0" PUCCHStructureFormat="F1 normal"

N_c_fastforward="1600" HoppingBitInformation="0" FrequencyHopping="None"

DemRefSeq="3GPP" DemPilBoostdBPUSCH="0" DemPilBoostdBPUCCH="0" GroupHop="0"

SequenceHop="0" EnableN_PRS="1" Delta_ss="0" N_DMRS1="0" N_DMRS2="0"

SoundRefSeq="3GPP" SoundRefBoostdB="0" SoundRefPresent="0" SoundRefSymOffs="13"

SoundRefCAZAC_u="2" SoundRefCAZAC_q="0" SoundRefCAZAC_alpha="0"

SoundRefCAZAC_mode="2" SoundRefB="0" SoundRefC="0" SRSSubframeConfiguration="0"

SoundRefN_CS="0" SoundRefK_TC="0" SoundRefN_RRC="0" SoundRefb_hop="0"

SoundRefI_SRS="0" SoundRefk0="24" SoundRefNumSubcarrier="132">

<Frame>

<PRBs>

</PRB>

</PRBs>

</Subframe>

</Frame>

<stControl PhaseTracking="1" TimingTracking="0" CompensateDCOffset="1"

UseBitStreamScrambling="1" ChannelEstimationRange="2" AutoDemodulation="1">

</stControl>

</FrameDefinition>

Data Management

Customizing Reference Symbols

7.3 Customizing Reference Symbols

The software supports the use of customized iq sequences for the reference signal. The sequence of symbols for the reference signal is a string of I/Q data.

Customizing iq sequences

For more information on customizing I/Q symbol sequences see chapter 7.1, "Import-

ing and Exporting I/Q Data", on page 98.

The length of the I/Q symbol sequence must be a multiple of 2. If not enough I/Q symbols are available for mapping, the I/Q symbols are repeated.

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Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Requirements for UMTS Long-Term Evolution

1.2 Long-Term Evolution Uplink Transmission Scheme

1.2.1 SC-FDMA

1.2.2 SC-FDMA Parameterization

1.2.3 Uplink Data Transmission

1.2.4 Uplink Reference Signal Structure

1.2.5 Uplink Physical Layer Procedures

1.3 References

2 Welcome

2.1 Licensing the Software

2.2 Installing the Software

2.3 Connecting the Computer to an Analyzer

2.3.1 Instrument Configuration

2.3.1.1 General Instrument Configuration

2.3.1.2 Instrument Connection Configuration

2.3.2 Figuring Out IP Addresses

2.3.2.1 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSQ or R&S FSG

2.3.2.2 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSV or R&S FSVR

2.3.2.3 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S FSW

2.3.2.4 Figuring Out the Address of an R&S RTO

2.4 Application Overview

2.5 Configuring the Software

2.5.1 Configuring the Display

2.5.2 Configuring the Software

3 Measurements and Result Displays

3.1 Numerical Results

3.2 Measuring the Power Over Time

3.3 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

3.4 Measuring the Spectrum

3.4.1 Frequency Sweep Measurements

3.4.2 I/Q Measurements

3.5 Measuring the Symbol Constellation

3.6 Measuring Statistics

3.7 3GPP Test Scenarios

4 General Settings

4.1 Configuring the Measurement

4.1.1 Defining General Signal Characteristics

4.1.2 Configuring the Input

4.1.3 Configuring the Input Level

4.1.4 Configuring the Data Capture

4.1.5 Configuring Measurement Results

4.1.6 Configuring Time Alignment Measurements

4.2 Configuring MIMO Measurement Setups

4.3 Triggering Measurements

4.4 Spectrum Settings

4.4.1 Configuring SEM and ACLR Measurements

4.4.2 Configuring Spectrum Flatness Measurements

4.5 Advanced Settings

4.5.1 Controlling I/Q Data

4.5.2 Configuring the Baseband Input

4.5.3 Using Advanced Input Settings

4.5.4 Configuring the Digital I/Q Input

4.5.5 Global Settings

5 Demod Settings

5.1 Configuring Uplink Signal Demodulation

5.1.1 Configuring the Data Analysis

5.1.2 Compensating Signal Errors

5.2 Defining Uplink Signal Characteristics

5.2.1 Defining the Physical Signal Characteristics

5.2.2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity

5.2.3 Configuring Subframes

5.2.3.1 Individual Subframe Configuration

5.2.3.2 Enhanced Settings

5.3 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics

5.3.1 Configuring the Demodulation Reference Signal

5.3.2 Configuring the Sounding Reference Signal

5.3.3 Defining the PUSCH Structure

5.3.4 Defining the PUCCH Structure

5.3.5 Defining the PRACH Structure

5.3.6 Defining Global Signal Characteristics

6 Analyzing Measurement Results

7 Data Management

7.1 Importing and Exporting I/Q Data

7.2 Managing Frame Data