Rohde & Schwarz FSH4, FSH8, FSH20, FSH13 Operating Manual

R&S®FSH4/8/13/20

Spectrum Analyzer

1173.6275.12 – 30

Operating Manual

Operating Manual

The Operating Manual describes the following R&S®FSH models:

● R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.04)

● R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.14)

● R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.24)

● R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.08)

● R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.18)

● R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.28)

● R&S FSH13 (1314.2000.13)

● R&S FSH20 (1314.2000.20)

● R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.54, equivalent to 1309.6000.04)

● R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.64, equivalent to 1309.6000.14)

● R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.74, equivalent to 1309.6000.24)

● R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.58, equivalent to 1309.6000.08)

● R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.68, equivalent to 1309.6000.18)

● R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.78, equivalent to 1309.6000.28)

● R&S FSH13 (1314.2000.63, equivalent to 1314.2000.13)

● R&S FSH20 (1314.2000.70, equivalent to 1314.2000.20)

The manual also covers the following options:

− R&S FSH-K10 (1304.5864.02)

− R&S FSH-K14 (1304.5770.02)

− R&S FSH-K15 (1309.7488.02)

− R&S FSH-K16 (1309.7494.02)

− R&S FSH-K17 (1304.5893.02)

− R&S FSH-K29 (1304.5993.02)

− R&S FSH-K41 (1304.5612.02)

− R&S FSH-K42 (1309.5629.02)

− R&S FSH-K43 (1304.5635.02)

− R&S FSH-K44 (1309.5658.02)

− R&S FSH-K44E (1304.5758.02)

− R&S FSH-K45 (1309.5641.02)

− R&S FSH-K46 (1304.5729.02)

− R&S FSH-K46E (1304.5764.02)

− R&S FSH-K47 (1304.5787.02)

− R&S FSH-K47E (1304.5806.02)

− R&S FSH-K48 (1304.5887.02)

− R&S FSH-K48E (1304.5858.02)

− R&S FSH-K50 (1304.5735.02)

− R&S FSH-K50E (1304.5793.02)

− R&S FSH-K51 (1304.5812.02)

− R&S FSH-K51E (1304.5829.02)

The contents of this manual correspond to firmware version 2.80 or higher.

© 2017 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG

Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Munich. Germany

Phone: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

E-mail: [e-mail]

Internet: http://www.rohde-schwarz.com

81671 Munich, Germany

Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.

®

R&S

is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.

Trade names are trademarks of the owners.

Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the

R&S FSH.

®

symbol , e.g. R&S®FSH is indicated as

Observe product

documen-tation

Danger of

electric shock

Warning! Hot

surface

PE terminal

Ground

Ground

terminal

Attention!

Electrostatic

sensitive devices

R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions

Basic Safety Instructions

Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions!

All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort
to keep the safety standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the
highest possible degree of safety. Our products and the auxiliary equipment they
require are designed, built and tested in accordance with the safety standards that
apply in each case. Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by our
quality assurance system. The product described here has been designed, built and
tested in accordance with the attached EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the
manufacturer’s plant in a condition fully complying with safety standards. To maintain
this condition and to ensure safe operation, you must observe all instructions and
warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions regarding these safety
instructions, the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer them.

Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This
product is designed for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or, if
expressly permitted, also in the field and must not be used in any way that may cause
personal injury or property damage. You are responsible if the product is used for any
intention other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer's
instructions. The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the
product.

The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its
product documentation and within its performance limits (see data sheet,
documentation, the following safety instructions). Using the product requires technical
skills and a basic knowledge of English. It is therefore essential that only skilled and
specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be allowed to
use the product. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz
products, this will be indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation.
Keep the basic safety instructions and the product documentation in a safe place and
pass them on to the subsequent users.

Symbols and safety labels

1175.6590.12 - 02 Page i

indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will
result in death or serious injury.

indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in death or serious injury.

indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in minor or moderate injury.

indicates the possibility of incorrect operation which can
result in damage to the product.

In the product documentation, the word ATTENTION is used
synonymously.

R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions

Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any
kind caused by dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to
the following safety instructions before and when using the product. It is also absolutely
essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety, for example,
that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation. In these safety instructions,
the word "product" refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde &
Schwarz group of companies, including instruments, systems and all accessories.

Tags and their meaning

The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the
reader about risks and dangers.

These tags are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the
European Economic Area. Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may
also exist in other economic areas or military applications. It is therefore essential to
make sure that the tags described here are always used only in connection with the
related product documentation and the related product. The use of tags in connection
with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation and in
personal injury or material damage.

Operating states and operating positions

The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions
specified by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer's specifications are not observed,
this can result in electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death. Applicable
local or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be
observed in all work performed.

1. The R&S FSH is protected against dripping water and dust (IP degree 51). Unless
otherwise specified, the following requirements apply to Rohde & Schwarz
products: predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing
down, IP protection 2X, pollution severity 2, overvoltage category 2, use only in
enclosed spaces, max. operation altitude 4600 m above sea level, max. transport
altitude 12000 m above sea level. A tolerance of ±10% shall apply to the nominal
voltage and of ±5% to the nominal frequency.

1175.6590.12 - 02 Page ii

R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions

2. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan
heaters. The ambient temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature
specified in the product documentation or in the data sheet. Product overheating
can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death.

Electrical Safety

If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all to the extent
necessary, electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death may occur.

1. Prior to switching on the product, always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on
the power supply matches the nominal voltage of the AC supply network.

2. If the product does not have a power switch for disconnection from the AC supply
network, the plug of the connecting cable is regarded as the disconnecting device.
In such cases, always ensure that the power plug is easily reachable and
accessible at all times (corresponding to the length of connecting cable, approx.
2 m). Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing disconnection
from the AC supply network. If products without power switches are integrated into
racks or systems, a disconnecting device must be provided at the system level.

3. Never use the product if the power cable is damaged. Check the power cable on a
regular basis to ensure that it is in proper operating condition. By taking
appropriate safety measures and carefully laying the power cable, you can ensure
that the cable will not be damaged and that no one can be hurt by, for example,
tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock.

4. The product may be operated only from TN/TT supply networks fused with max.
16 A (higher fuse only after consulting with the Rohde & Schwarz group of
companies).

5. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty. Insert the plug firmly and
all the way into the socket. Otherwise, sparks that result in fire and/or injuries may
occur.

6. Do not overload any sockets, extension cords or connector strips; doing so can
cause fire or electric shocks.

7. For measurements in circuits with voltages V

> 30 V, suitable measures (e.g.

rms

appropriate measuring equipment, fusing, current limiting, electrical separation,
insulation) should be taken to avoid any hazards.

8. Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment, e.g. PCs or
other industrial computers, comply with the IEC60950-1/EN60950-1 or IEC61010­1/EN 61010-1 standards that apply in each case.

9. Unless expressly permitted, never remove the cover or any part of the housing
while the product is in operation. Doing so will expose circuits and components and
can lead to injuries, fire or damage to the product.

10. For permanently installed equipment without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or
similar protective devices, the supply circuit must be fused in such a way that
anyone who has access to the product, as well as the product itself, is adequately
protected from injury or damage.

1175.6590.12 - 02 Page iii

R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions

11. Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage (such as that
caused by a bolt of lightning) can reach the product. Otherwise, the person
operating the product will be exposed to the danger of an electric shock.

12. Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must
not be used for this purpose. Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product
and/or electric shocks, fire or injuries.

13. Unless specified otherwise, products are not liquid-proof (see also section
"Operating states and operating positions", item 1. Therefore, the equipment must
be protected against penetration by liquids. If the necessary precautions are not
taken, the user may suffer electric shock or the product itself may be damaged,
which can also lead to personal injury.

14. Prior to cleaning the product, disconnect it completely from the power supply (e.g.
AC supply network or battery). Use a soft, non-linting cloth to clean the product.
Never use chemical cleaning agents such as alcohol, acetone or diluents for
cellulose lacquers.

Operation

1. Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration. Make
sure that persons who use the products are physically, mentally and emotionally fit
enough to do so; otherwise, injuries or material damage may occur. It is the
responsibility of the employer/operator to select suitable personnel for operating
the products.

2. Before you move or transport the product, read and observe the section titled
"Transport".

3. As with all industrially manufactured goods, the use of substances that induce an
allergic reaction (allergens) such as nickel cannot be generally excluded. If you
develop an allergic reaction (such as a skin rash, frequent sneezing, red eyes or
respiratory difficulties) when using a Rohde & Schwarz product, consult a
physician immediately to determine the cause and to prevent health problems or
stress.

4. Before you start processing the product mechanically and/or thermally, or before
you take it apart, be sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled
"Waste disposal", item 1.

5. Depending on the function, certain products such as RF radio equipment can
produce an elevated level of electromagnetic radiation. Considering that unborn
babies require increased protection, pregnant women must be protected by
appropriate measures. Persons with pacemakers may also be exposed to risks
from electromagnetic radiation. The employer/operator must evaluate workplaces
where there is a special risk of exposure to radiation and, if necessary, take
measures to avert the potential danger.

6. Should a fire occur, the product may release hazardous substances (gases, fluids,
etc.) that can cause health problems. Therefore, suitable measures must be taken,
e.g. protective masks and protective clothing must be worn.

1175.6590.12 - 02 Page iv

R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions

Repair and service

1. The product may be opened only by authorized, specially trained personnel.
Before any work is performed on the product or before the product is opened, it
must be disconnected from the AC supply network. Otherwise, personnel will be
exposed to the risk of an electric shock.

2. Adjustments, replacement of parts, maintenance and repair may be performed only
by electrical experts authorized by Rohde & Schwarz. Only original parts may be
used for replacing parts relevant to safety (e.g. power switches, power
transformers, fuses). A safety test must always be performed after parts relevant to
safety have been replaced (visual inspection, PE conductor test, insulation
resistance measurement, leakage current measurement, functional test). This
helps ensure the continued safety of the product.

Batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells

If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries/cells is not observed
either at all or to the extent necessary, product users may be exposed to the risk of
explosions, fire and/or serious personal injury, and, in some cases, death. Batteries
and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes (e.g. lithium cells) must be
handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard.

1. Cells must not be taken apart or crushed.

2. Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire. Storage in direct sunlight
must be avoided. Keep cells and batteries clean and dry. Clean soiled connectors
using a dry, clean cloth.

3. Cells or batteries must not be short-circuited. Cells or batteries must not be stored
in a box or in a drawer where they can short-circuit each other, or where they can
be short-circuited by other conductive materials. Cells and batteries must not be
removed from their original packaging until they are ready to be used.

4. Keep cells and batteries out of the hands of children. If a cell or a battery has been
swallowed, seek medical aid immediately.

5. Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are
stronger than permitted.

6. If a cell develops a leak, the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the
skin or eyes. If contact occurs, wash the affected area with plenty of water and
seek medical aid.

7. Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline electrolytes
(e.g. lithium cells) can cause explosions. Replace cells or batteries only with the
matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see parts list) in order to ensure the safety of the
product.

8. Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste.
Rechargeable batteries and normal batteries that contain lead, mercury or
cadmium are hazardous waste. Observe the national regulations regarding waste
disposal and recycling.

1175.6590.12 - 02 Page v

R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions

Transport

1. Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport
the product. It is therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to
or on transport equipment such as cranes, fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is
responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the means of transport or
lifting. Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of
transport or lifting. Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material
damage.

2. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive
the vehicle safely and properly. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for
accidents or collisions. Never use the product in a moving vehicle if doing so could
distract the driver of the vehicle. Adequately secure the product in the vehicle to
prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident.

Waste disposal

1. If products or their components are mechanically and/or thermally processed in a
manner that goes beyond their intended use, hazardous substances (heavy-metal
dust such as lead, beryllium, nickel) may be released. For this reason, the product
may only be disassembled by specially trained personnel. Improper disassembly
may be hazardous to your health. National waste disposal regulations must be
observed.

1175.6590.12 - 02 Page vi

Ver documen-

tación de

producto

Peligro de

golpe de
corriente

¡Advertencia!

Superficie

caliente

Conexión a

conductor

protector

Conexión a

tierra

Conexión a

masa

conductora

¡Cuidado! Elementos

de construcción con

peligro de carga

electroestática

R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad

Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad

Es imprescindible leer y observar las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones
de seguridad!

El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros
productos siempre al día con los estándares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros
clientes el máximo grado de seguridad. Nuestros productos y todos los equipos
adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados según las normas de seguridad
vigentes. Nuestro sistema de garantía de calidad controla constantemente que sean
cumplidas estas normas. El presente producto ha sido fabricado y examinado según el
certificado de conformidad adjunto de la UE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado
impecable según los estándares técnicos de seguridad. Para poder preservar este
estado y garantizar un funcionamiento libre de peligros, el usuario deberá atenerse a
todas las indicaciones, informaciones de seguridad y notas de alerta. El grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz está siempre a su disposición en caso de que tengan
preguntas referentes a estas informaciones de seguridad.

Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma
debida. Este producto está destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el
laboratorio o, si ha sido expresamente autorizado, para aplicaciones de campo y de
ninguna manera deberá ser utilizado de modo que alguna persona/cosa pueda sufrir
daño. El uso del producto fuera de sus fines definidos o sin tener en cuenta las
instrucciones del fabricante queda en la responsabilidad del usuario. El fabricante no
se hace en ninguna forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del
producto.

Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es
utilizado conforme a las indicaciones de la correspondiente documentación del
producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento definido (ver hoja de datos,
documentación, informaciones de seguridad que siguen). El uso del producto hace
necesarios conocimientos técnicos y ciertos conocimientos del idioma inglés. Por eso
se debe tener en cuenta que el producto solo pueda ser operado por personal
especializado o personas instruidas en profundidad con las capacidades
correspondientes. Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de seguridad para el uso de
productos de Rohde & Schwarz, encontraría la información debida en la
documentación del producto en el capítulo correspondiente. Guarde bien las
informaciones de seguridad elementales, así como la documentación del producto, y
entréguelas a usuarios posteriores.

Símbolos y definiciones de seguridad

1175.6590.17 - 02 Page i

PELIGRO identifica un peligro inminente con riesgo elevado
que provocará muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita.

ADVERTENCIA identifica un posible peligro con riesgo
medio de provocar muerte o lesiones (graves) si no se evita.

ATENCIÓN identifica un peligro con riesgo reducido de
provocar lesiones leves o moderadas si no se evita.

AVISO indica la posibilidad de utilizar mal el producto y,
como consecuencia, dañarlo.

En la documentación del producto se emplea de forma
sinónima el término CUIDADO.

R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad

Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para evitar en lo posible
lesiones o daños por peligros de toda clase. Por eso es imprescindible leer
detalladamente y comprender por completo las siguientes informaciones de seguridad
antes de usar el producto, y respetarlas durante el uso del producto. Deberán tenerse
en cuenta todas las demás informaciones de seguridad, como p. ej. Las referentes a la
protección de personas, que encontrarán en el capítulo correspondiente de la
documentación del producto y que también son de obligado cumplimiento. En las
presentes informaciones de seguridad se recogen todos los objetos que distribuye el
grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz bajo la denominación de "producto", entre ellos
también aparatos, instalaciones así como toda clase de accesorios.

Palabras de señal y su significado

Las palabras de señal corresponden a la definición habitual para aplicaciones civiles
en el area económica europea. Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definición
en otras áreas económicas o en aplicaciones militares. Por eso se deberá tener en
cuenta que las palabras de señal aquí descritas sean utilizadas siempre solamente en
combinación con la correspondiente documentación del producto y solamente en
combinación con el producto correspondiente. La utilización de las palabras de señal
en combinación con productos o documentaciones que no les correspondan puede
llevar a interpretaciones equivocadas y tener por consecuencia daños en personas u
objetos.

Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento

El producto solamente debe ser utilizado según lo indicado por el fabricante respecto a
los estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la
ventilación. Si no se siguen las indicaciones del fabricante, pueden producirse
choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de
muerte. En todos los trabajos deberán ser tenidas en cuenta las normas nacionales y
locales de seguridad del trabajo y de prevención de accidentes.

1175.6590.17 - 02 Page ii

R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad

1. El producto solamente debe ser utilizado según lo indicado por el fabricante
referente a la situación y posición de funcionamient. R&S FSH está protegido
contra roción y polvo (modo de protección IP 51). Si no se convino de otra
manera, es para los productos Rohde & Schwarz válido lo que sigue: como
posición de funcionamiento se define por principio la posición con el suelo de la
caja para abajo, modo de protección IP 2X, grado de suciedad 2, categoría de
sobrecarga eléctrica 2, uso solamente en estancias interiores, utilización hasta
4600 m sobre el nivel del mar, transporte hasta 12000 m sobre el nivel del mar. Se
aplicará una tolerancia de ±10 % sobre el voltaje nominal y de ±5 % sobre la
frecuencia nominal.

2. No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que generen calor (p. ej. radiadores o
calefactores). La temperatura ambiente no debe superar la temperatura máxima
especificada en la documentación del producto o en la hoja de datos. En caso de
sobrecalentamiento del producto, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios
y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte.

Seguridad eléctrica

Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones del fabricante en
cuanto a seguridad eléctrica, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o
lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte.

1. Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto se deberá comprobar siempre que la
tension preseleccionada en el producto coincida con la de la red de alimentación
eléctrica.

2. Si el producto no está equipado con un interruptor para desconectarlo de la red, se
deberá considerer el enchufe del cable de conexión como interruptor. En estos
casos se deberá asegurar que el enchufe siempre sea de fácil acceso (de acuerdo
con la longitud del cable de conexión, aproximadamente 2 m). Los interruptores de
función o electrónicos no son aptos para el corte de la red eléctrica. Si los
productos sin interruptor están integrados en bastidores o instalaciones, se deberá
colocar el interruptor en el nivel de la instalación.

3. No utilice nunca el producto si está dañado el cable de conexión a red.
Compruebe regularmente el correcto estado de los cables de conexión a red.
Asegúrese, mediante las medidas de protección y de instalación adecuadas, de
que el cable de conexión a red no pueda ser dañado o de que nadie pueda ser
dañado por él, p. ej. al tropezar o por un choque eléctrico.

4. Solamente está permitido el funcionamiento en redes de alimentación TN/TT
aseguradas con fusibles de 16 A como máximo (utilización de fusibles de mayor
amperaje solo previa consulta con el grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz).

5. Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de corriente sucias o llenas de polvo.
Introduzca el enchufe por completo y fuertemente en la toma de corriente. La no
observación de estas medidas puede provocar chispas, fuego y/o lesiones.

6. No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente, los cables alargadores o las regletas de
enchufe ya que esto podría causar fuego o choques eléctricos.

1175.6590.17 - 02 Page iii

R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad

7. En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente con una tensión U

> 30 V se deberán

eff

tomar las medidas apropiadas para impedir cualquier peligro (p. ej. medios de
medición adecuados, seguros, limitación de tensión, corte protector, aislamiento
etc.).

8. Para la conexión con dispositivos informáticos como un PC o un ordenador
industrial, debe comprobarse que éstos cumplan los estándares IEC60950­1/EN60950-1 o IEC61010-1/EN 61010-1 válidos en cada caso.

9. A menos que esté permitido expresamente, no retire nunca la tapa ni
componentes de la carcasa mientras el producto esté en servicio. Esto pone a
descubierto los cables y componentes eléctricos y puede causar lesiones, fuego o
daños en el producto.

10. En el caso de dispositivos fijos que no estén provistos de fusibles, interruptor
automático ni otros mecanismos de seguridad similares, el circuito de alimentación
debe estar protegido de modo que todas las personas que puedan acceder al
producto, así como el producto mismo, estén a salvo de posibles daños.

11. Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensión (debida p. ej. a una caída
del rayo) mediante los correspondientes sistemas de protección. Si no, el personal
que lo utilice quedará expuesto al peligro de choque eléctrico.

12. No debe introducirse en los orificios de la caja del aparato ningún objeto que no
esté destinado a ello. Esto puede producir cortocircuitos en el producto y/o puede
causar choques eléctricos, fuego o lesiones.

13. Salvo indicación contraria, los productos no están impermeabilizados (ver también
el capítulo "Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento", punto 1). Por eso
es necesario tomar las medidas necesarias para evitar la entrada de líquidos. En
caso contrario, existe peligro de choque eléctrico para el usuario o de daños en el
producto, que también pueden redundar en peligro para las personas.

14. Antes de la limpieza, desconecte por completo el producto de la alimentación de
tensión (p. ej. red de alimentación o batería). Realice la limpieza de los aparatos
con un paño suave, que no se deshilache. No utilice bajo ningún concepto
productos de limpieza químicos como alcohol, acetona o diluyentes para lacas
nitrocelulósicas.

Funcionamiento

1. El uso del producto requiere instrucciones especiales y una alta concentración
durante el manejo. Debe asegurarse que las personas que manejen el producto
estén a la altura de los requerimientos necesarios en cuanto a aptitudes físicas,
psíquicas y emocionales, ya que de otra manera no se pueden excluir lesiones o
daños de objetos. El empresario u operador es responsable de seleccionar el
personal usuario apto para el manejo del producto.

2. Antes de desplazar o transportar el producto, lea y tenga en cuenta el capítulo
"Transporte".

1175.6590.17 - 02 Page iv

R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad

3. Como con todo producto de fabricación industrial no puede quedar excluida en
general la posibilidad de que se produzcan alergias provocadas por algunos
materiales empleados, los llamados alérgenos (p. ej. el níquel). Si durante el
manejo de productos Rohde & Schwarz se producen reacciones alérgicas, como
p. ej. irritaciones cutáneas, estornudos continuos, enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva
o dificultades respiratorias, debe avisarse inmediatamente a un médico para
investigar las causas y evitar cualquier molestia o daño a la salud.

4. Antes de la manipulación mecánica y/o térmica o el desmontaje del producto,
debe tenerse en cuenta imprescindiblemente el capítulo "Eliminación", punto 1.

5. Ciertos productos, como p. ej. las instalaciones de radiocomunicación RF, pueden
a causa de su función natural, emitir una radiación electromagnética aumentada.
Deben tomarse todas las medidas necesarias para la protección de las mujeres
embarazadas. También las personas con marcapasos pueden correr peligro a
causa de la radiación electromagnética. El empresario/operador tiene la obligación
de evaluar y señalizar las áreas de trabajo en las que exista un riesgo elevado de
exposición a radiaciones.

6. Tenga en cuenta que en caso de incendio pueden desprenderse del producto
sustancias tóxicas (gases, líquidos etc.) que pueden generar daños a la salud. Por
eso, en caso de incendio

Reparación y mantenimiento

1. El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con
autorización para ello. Antes de manipular el producto o abrirlo, es obligatorio
desconectarlo de la tensión de alimentación, para evitar toda posibilidad de
choque eléctrico.

2. El ajuste, el cambio de partes, el mantenimiento y la reparación deberán ser
efectuadas solamente por electricistas autorizados por Rohde & Schwarz. Si se
reponen partes con importancia para los aspectos de seguridad (p. ej. el enchufe,
los transformadores o los fusibles), solamente podrán ser sustituidos por partes
originales. Después de cada cambio de partes relevantes para la seguridad
deberá realizarse un control de seguridad (control a primera vista, control del
conductor de protección, medición de resistencia de aislamiento, medición de la
corriente de fuga, control de funcionamiento). Con esto queda garantizada la
seguridad del producto.

Baterias y acumuladores o celdas

Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones en cuanto a las
baterías y acumuladores o celdas, pueden producirse explosiones, incendios y/o
lesiones graves con possible consecuencia de muerte. El manejo de baterías y
acumuladores con electrolitos alcalinos (p. ej. celdas de litio) debe seguir el estándar
EN 62133.

1. No deben desmontarse, abrirse ni triturarse las celdas.

2. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a calor ni fuego. Debe evitarse el
almacenamiento a la luz directa del sol. Las celdas y baterías deben mantenerse
limpias y secas. Limpiar las conexiones sucias con un paño seco y limpio.

1175.6590.17 - 02 Page v

R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad

3. Las celdas o baterías no deben cortocircuitarse. Es peligroso almacenar las celdas
o baterías en estuches o cajones en cuyo interior puedan cortocircuitarse por
contacto recíproco o por contacto con otros materiales conductores. No deben
extraerse las celdas o baterías de sus embalajes originales hasta el momento en
que vayan a utilizarse.

4. Mantener baterías y celdas fuera del alcance de los niños. En caso de ingestión
de una celda o batería, avisar inmediatamente a un médico.

5. Las celdas o baterías no deben someterse a impactos mecánicos fuertes
indebidos.

6. En caso de falta de estanqueidad de una celda, el líquido vertido no debe entrar
en contacto con la piel ni los ojos. Si se produce contacto, lavar con agua
abundante la zona afectada y avisar a un médico.

7. En caso de cambio o recarga inadecuados, las celdas o baterías que contienen
electrolitos alcalinos (p. ej. las celdas de litio) pueden explotar. Para garantizar la
seguridad del producto, las celdas o baterías solo deben ser sustituidas por el tipo
Rohde & Schwarz correspondiente (ver lista de recambios).

8. Las baterías y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura doméstica.
Las baterías o acumuladores que contienen plomo, mercurio o cadmio deben
tratarse como residuos especiales. Respete en esta relación las normas
nacionales de eliminación y reciclaje.

Transporte

1. Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven solamente de ayuda para el transporte
del producto por personas. Por eso no está permitido utilizar las asas para la
sujeción en o sobre medios de transporte como p. ej. grúas, carretillas elevadoras
de horquilla, carros etc. Es responsabilidad suya fijar los productos de manera
segura a los medios de transporte o elevación. Para evitar daños personales o
daños en el producto, siga las instrucciones de seguridad del fabricante del medio
de transporte o elevación utilizado.

2. Si se utiliza el producto dentro de un vehículo, recae de manera exclusiva en el
conductor la responsabilidad de conducir el vehículo de manera segura y
adecuada. El fabricante no asumirá ninguna responsabilidad por accidentes o
colisiones. No utilice nunca el producto dentro de un vehículo en movimiento si
esto pudiera distraer al conductor. Asegure el producto dentro del vehículo
debidamente para evitar, en caso de un accidente, lesiones u otra clase de daños.

Eliminación

1. Si se trabaja de manera mecánica y/o térmica cualquier producto o componente
más allá del funcionamiento previsto, pueden liberarse sustancias peligrosas
(polvos con contenido de metales pesados como p. ej. plomo, berilio o níquel). Por
eso el producto solo debe ser desmontado por personal especializado con
formación adecuada. Un desmontaje inadecuado puede ocasionar daños para la
salud. Se deben tener en cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes a la
eliminación de residuos.

1175.6590.17 - 02 Page vi

Customer Support

Technical support – where and when you need it

For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support
Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a
solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz
equipment.

Up-to-date information and upgrades

To keep your instrument up-to-date and to be informed about new application notes related to your
instrument, please send an e-mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish.
We will take care that you will get the right information.

Europe, Africa, Middle East

North America

Latin America

Asia/Pacific

China

Phone [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone 1-888-TEST-RSA (1-888-837-8772)

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone] /
[phone]

[e-mail]

1171.0200.22-06.00

R&S FSH Table of Contents

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 1

Table of Contents

Documentation Overview ................................................................... 9

Conventions Used in the Documentation ....................................... 10

1 Operating the R&S FSH .................................................................... 11

1.1 Screen Layout and Elements ....................................................................................11

1.2 Means of Input ............................................................................................................12

1.2.1 Using the Alphanumeric Keys ......................................................................................13

1.2.2 Confirming and Cancelling Entries ..............................................................................14

1.2.3 Using the Rotary Knob .................................................................................................14

1.2.4 Using the Cursor Keys .................................................................................................15

1.2.5 Remote Operation........................................................................................................15

1.3 Presetting the R&S FSH ............................................................................................16

1.4 Configuring Measurements ......................................................................................16

1.5 Configuring the Instrument ......................................................................................17

1.6 Taking Screenshots ...................................................................................................20

1.7 Saving Events ............................................................................................................21

1.8 Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC ............................................................................23

1.8.1 Connecting the R&S FSH in a LAN .............................................................................24

1.8.2 Connecting the R&S FSH in an Existing LAN .............................................................27

1.8.3 Connecting the R&S FSH via USB ..............................................................................28

1.9 Managing Datasets ....................................................................................................29

1.9.1 Saving Datasets ...........................................................................................................31

1.9.2 Restoring Datasets ......................................................................................................36

1.9.3 Deleting Datasets.........................................................................................................38

1.10 Updating the Firmware ..............................................................................................39

1.11 Installing Firmware Options .....................................................................................39

2 Working with the Measurement Wizard .......................................... 40

2.1 Preparing the Measurement .....................................................................................41

2.1.1 Creating a Measurement Set .......................................................................................41

2.1.2 Uploading Measurement Sets .....................................................................................43

R&S FSH Table of Contents

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 2

2.2 Using the Measurement Wizard ...............................................................................44

2.2.1 Starting the Measurement Wizard ...............................................................................44

2.2.2 Performing a Sequence of Measurements ..................................................................46

2.3 Evaluating Results .....................................................................................................49

3 Spectrum Analyzer Mode ................................................................. 50

3.1 Performing Spectrum Measurements ......................................................................50

3.1.1 Measuring Basic Signal Characteristics ......................................................................50

3.1.2 Measuring the Channel Power of Continuously Modulated Signals ............................51

3.1.3 Measuring the Occupied Bandwidth ............................................................................55

3.1.4 Power Measurements on TDMA Signals .....................................................................59

3.1.5 Measuring the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) ...........................................62

3.1.6 Measuring the Spectrum Emission Mask ....................................................................71

3.1.7 Measuring the Harmonic Distortion .............................................................................74

3.1.8 Measuring the AM Modulation Depth ..........................................................................76

3.1.9 Measuring Spurious Emissions ...................................................................................78

3.1.10 Working with the Spectrogram Result Display (R&S FSH-K14/ -K15) ........................81

3.1.11 Using Isotropic Antennas .............................................................................................92

3.2 Configuring Spectrum Measurements ....................................................................94

3.2.1 Configuring the Horizontal Axis ...................................................................................94

3.2.2 Configuring the Vertical Axis ........................................................................................98

3.2.3 Setting Bandwidths ....................................................................................................102

3.2.4 Configuring and Triggering the Sweep ......................................................................105

3.2.5 Working with Traces ..................................................................................................111

3.2.6 Using Markers ............................................................................................................116

3.2.7 Using Display Lines ...................................................................................................125

3.2.8 Using Limit Lines........................................................................................................126

3.3 Working with Channel Tables .................................................................................129

3.4 Using Transducer Factors ......................................................................................130

3.4.1 Unit for Measurements with Transducers ..................................................................131

3.4.2 Setting the Reference Level ......................................................................................131

3.4.3 Frequency Range of Transducer ...............................................................................132

3.4.4 Data Sets Containing Transducer Factors ................................................................132

R&S FSH Table of Contents

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 3

4 Power Meter .................................................................................... 133

4.1 Using a Power Sensor .............................................................................................133

4.1.1 Connecting a Power Sensor ......................................................................................135

4.1.2 Performing and Configuring Measurements ..............................................................136

4.2 Using a Directional Power Sensor .........................................................................139

4.2.1 Connecting a Directional Power Sensor ....................................................................140

4.2.2 Performing and Configuring Measurements ..............................................................141

4.3 Using the Internal Power Meter ..............................................................................144

4.4 Performing Pulse Power Measurements (R&S FSH-K29) ....................................145

4.4.1 Configuring the Numerical Result Display .................................................................148

4.4.2 Configuring the Power vs Time Result Display .........................................................148

5 Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) ................................. 152

5.1 Measuring the Spectrum .........................................................................................154

5.1.1 Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio ........................................................................154

5.1.2 Measuring the Carrier-to-Interference Ratio ..............................................................155

5.1.3 Analyzing Interference Measurements ......................................................................156

5.2 Working with Maps ..................................................................................................157

5.2.1 Transferring Maps (R&S FSH-K15 and -K16) ...........................................................157

5.2.2 Transferring Indoor Maps (R&S FSH-K17) ................................................................158

5.2.3 Displaying Maps .........................................................................................................159

5.2.4 Measuring Interference ..............................................................................................165

5.2.5 Collecting Geographic Data (R&S FSH-K15 and -K16) ............................................168

5.2.6 Collecting Measurement Data (R&S FSH-K17) .........................................................172

5.2.7 Analyzing Geographic Data (R&S FSH-K15 and -K16).............................................175

5.2.8 Analyzing Indoor Data (R&S FSH-K17) .....................................................................176

6 Network Analyzer Mode ................................................................. 177

6.1 Configuring the Tracking Generator ......................................................................179

6.2 Calibrating Measurements ......................................................................................181

6.3 Performing Scalar Measurements ..........................................................................187

6.3.1 Measuring the Transmission ..........................................................................................187

6.3.2 Measuring the Reflection ...........................................................................................189

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Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 4

6.4 Performing Vector Measurements (R&S FSH-K42) ..............................................191

6.4.1 Measuring the Transmission ......................................................................................192

6.4.2 Measuring the Reflection ...........................................................................................195

6.5 Evaluating the Results ............................................................................................197

6.5.1 Selecting the Measurement Format...........................................................................197

6.5.2 Configuring the Vertical Axis ......................................................................................205

6.5.3 Using Markers ............................................................................................................208

6.5.4 Working with Channel Tables ....................................................................................208

6.5.5 Using Limit Lines........................................................................................................208

6.5.6 Using Trace Mathematics ..........................................................................................208

6.6 Vector Voltmeter (R&S FSH-K45) ...........................................................................209

6.6.1 Calibrating Measurements .........................................................................................210

6.6.2 Performing Measurements ........................................................................................211

6.6.3 Evaluating the Results ...............................................................................................213

7 Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) ....................................... 214

7.1 Performing Cable and Antenna Measurements ....................................................216

7.1.1 Reflection Measurements ..........................................................................................216

7.1.2 Distance to Fault Measurements ...............................................................................217

7.1.3 Spectrum Measurements ...........................................................................................217

7.1.4 Selecting the Measurement Format...........................................................................218

7.1.5 Calibrating Measurements .........................................................................................220

7.2 Configuring Cable and Antenna Tests ..................................................................221

7.2.1 Selecting the Cable Model .........................................................................................221

7.2.2 Configuring the Horizontal Axis .................................................................................224

7.2.3 Configuring the Amplitude Characteristics ................................................................226

7.2.4 Configuring the Tracking Generator ..........................................................................228

7.3 Analyzing Measurement Results ............................................................................229

7.3.1 Working with Traces ..................................................................................................229

7.3.2 Using Markers ............................................................................................................230

7.3.3 Using Display and Limit Lines ....................................................................................230

R&S FSH Table of Contents

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 5

8 Receiver Mode (R&S FSH-K43) ...................................................... 231

8.1 Selecting the Measurement Mode ..........................................................................232

8.1.1 Performing Single Frequency Measurements ...........................................................232

8.1.2 Performing Frequency Scans ....................................................................................235

8.2 Configuring Measurements in Receiver Mode .....................................................238

8.2.1 Selecting Detectors for EMI Measurements ..............................................................238

8.2.2 Selecting the Measurement Bandwidths for EMI Measurements ..............................240

8.2.3 Defining the Measurement Time ................................................................................241

8.2.4 Working with Traces ..................................................................................................242

8.2.5 Using Transducers .....................................................................................................242

8.2.6 Using Limit Lines........................................................................................................242

9 Digital Modulation Analyzer ........................................................... 243

9.1 General Settings of the Digital Modulation Analyzer ...........................................244

9.1.1 General Settings in the Result Summary ..................................................................244

9.1.2 Trace Mode Selection ................................................................................................247

9.2 General Result Displays of the Digital Modulation Analyzer ..............................249

9.3 Measurements on GSM Signals .............................................................................252

9.3.1 The Result Summary .................................................................................................253

9.3.2 The Burst Power Result Display ................................................................................257

9.3.3 Configuring the Measurement ...................................................................................259

9.4 Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals ...................................................................260

9.4.1 The Result Summary .................................................................................................261

9.4.2 The Code Domain Analyzer .......................................................................................265

9.4.3 The Code Domain Channel Table .............................................................................267

9.4.4 Configuring the Measurement ...................................................................................269

9.5 Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals ..................................................................273

9.5.1 The Result Summary .................................................................................................274

9.5.2 The Code Domain Analyzer .......................................................................................277

9.5.3 The Code Domain Channel Table .............................................................................279

9.5.4 The PN Scanner ........................................................................................................281

9.5.5 Configuring the Measurement ...................................................................................282

R&S FSH Table of Contents

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 6

9.6 Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals ......................................................................285

9.6.1 The Result Summary .................................................................................................286

9.6.2 The PN Scanner ........................................................................................................289

9.6.3 The Burst Power Result Display ................................................................................290

9.6.4 Configuring the Measurement ...................................................................................291

9.7 Measurements on TD-SCDMA Signals ..................................................................292

9.7.1 The Result Summary .................................................................................................293

9.7.2 The Code Domain Analyzer .......................................................................................297

9.7.3 The Code Domain Channel Table .............................................................................299

9.7.4 The Sync ID Result Display .......................................................................................301

9.7.5 The Time Domain Power Result Display ...................................................................302

9.7.6 Configuring the Measurement ...................................................................................304

9.8 Measurements on LTE Signals ...............................................................................308

9.8.1 The Result Summary .................................................................................................309

9.8.2 The Result Summary for Carrier Aggregation ...........................................................315

9.8.3 The Constellation Diagram ........................................................................................316

9.8.4 The BTS Scanner ......................................................................................................318

9.8.5 The Resource Allocations Result Display ..................................................................319

9.8.6 Configuring the Measurement ...................................................................................321

10 Menu and Softkey Overview ................................ .......................... 327

10.1 General Functions ...................................................................................................327

10.1.1 General R&S FSH Setup ...........................................................................................327

10.1.2 File Management .......................................................................................................328

10.1.3 Operating Mode Selection .........................................................................................328

10.2 Functions of the Spectrum Analyzer .....................................................................329

10.2.1 Measurement Selection .............................................................................................329

10.2.2 Frequency Parameters ..............................................................................................331

10.2.3 Span Selection ...........................................................................................................332

10.2.4 Amplitude Parameters ...............................................................................................332

10.2.5 Sweep Configuration .................................................................................................332

10.2.6 Bandwidth Selection ..................................................................................................332

10.2.7 Trace Functionality.....................................................................................................333

10.2.8 Display and Limit Lines ..............................................................................................333

R&S FSH Table of Contents

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 7

10.2.9 Markers ......................................................................................................................333

10.3 Functions of the Network Analyzer ........................................................................335

10.3.1 Measurement Configuration ......................................................................................335

10.3.2 Frequency Parameters ..............................................................................................335

10.3.3 Span Selection ...........................................................................................................336

10.3.4 Amplitude Parameters ...............................................................................................336

10.3.5 Sweep Configuration .................................................................................................336

10.3.6 Bandwidth Selection ..................................................................................................336

10.3.7 Trace Functionality.....................................................................................................337

10.3.8 Limit Lines ..................................................................................................................337

10.3.9 Markers ......................................................................................................................337

10.4 Functions of the Power Meter ................................................................................339

10.4.1 Power Meter Measurements ......................................................................................339

10.4.2 Frequency Parameters ..............................................................................................339

10.4.3 Amplitude Parameters ...............................................................................................340

10.4.4 Sweep Configuration .................................................................................................340

10.4.5 Bandwidth Configuration ............................................................................................340

10.4.6 Trace Configuration ...................................................................................................341

10.5 Functions of the Distance-to-Fault Mode ..............................................................342

10.5.1 Measurement Configuration ......................................................................................342

10.5.2 Frequency Parameters ..............................................................................................342

10.5.3 Span Selection ...........................................................................................................343

10.5.4 Amplitude Parameters ...............................................................................................343

10.5.5 Sweep Configuration .................................................................................................343

10.5.6 Bandwidth Selection ..................................................................................................343

10.5.7 Trace Functionality.....................................................................................................344

10.5.8 Markers ......................................................................................................................344

10.6 Functions of the Receiver Mode ............................................................................345

10.6.1 Measurement Configuration ......................................................................................345

10.6.2 Frequency Parameters ..............................................................................................345

10.6.3 Span Selection ...........................................................................................................345

10.6.4 Amplitude Parameters ...............................................................................................346

10.6.5 Sweep Configuration .................................................................................................346

R&S FSH Table of Contents

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 8

10.6.6 Bandwidth Selection ..................................................................................................346

10.6.7 Trace Functionality.....................................................................................................346

10.6.8 Markers ......................................................................................................................347

10.7 Functions of the Interference Analyzer (Map Mode) ............................................348

10.7.1 Measurement Configuration ......................................................................................348

10.7.2 Frequency Parameters ..............................................................................................348

10.7.3 Amplitude Parameters ...............................................................................................349

10.7.4 Sweep Configuration .................................................................................................349

10.7.5 Bandwidth Selection ..................................................................................................349

10.7.6 Trace Functionality.....................................................................................................349

10.8 Functions of the Digital Modulation Analyzer ......................................................350

10.8.1 Measurement Configuration ......................................................................................350

10.8.2 Frequency Parameters ..............................................................................................352

10.8.3 Amplitude Parameters ...............................................................................................353

10.8.4 Sweep Configuration .................................................................................................353

10.8.5 Trace Functionality.....................................................................................................354

11 How a Spectrum Analyzer Works .................................................. 355

Index ................................................................................................ 361

R&S FSH Documentation Overview

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 9

Documentation Overview

The user documentation for the R&S FSH is divided as follows:

Quick Start Guide

The Quick Start Guide provides basic information on the instrument's functions.
It covers the following topics:

● overview of all elements of the front and rear panels

● basic information on how to set up the R&S FSH

● information on how to operate the R&S FSH in a network

● instructions on how to perform measurements

Operating Manual

The Operating Manual provides a detailed description on the instrument's functions
It covers the following topics:

● instructions on how to set up and operate the R&S FSH in its various operating
modes

● instructions on how to perform measurements with the R&S FSH

● instructions on how to work with the available software options and applications

Service Manual

The Service Manual provides information on maintenance.
It covers the following topics:

● instructions on how to perform a performance test

● instructions on how to repair the R&S FSH including a spare parts list

● mechanical drawings

Release Notes

The release notes describe the installation of the firmware, new and modified
functions, eliminated problems, and last minute changes to the documentation. The
corresponding firmware version is indicated on the title page of the release notes. The
current release notes are provided on the internet.

Internet Site

The internet site at: http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/fsh.html provides the most
up to date information on the R&S FSH. The most recent manuals are available as
printable PDF files in the download area.

Also provided for download are firmware updates including the corresponding release
notes, instrument drivers, current data sheets, application notes and image versions.

R&S FSH Conventions Used in the Documentation

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 10

Conventions Used in the Documentation

The following conventions are used throughout the R&S R&S FSH Operating Manual:

Typographical conventions

Convention

Description

“Graphical user interface elements”

All names of graphical user interface elements both on the screen
and on the front and rear panels, such as dialog boxes, softkeys,
menus, options, buttons etc., are enclosed by quotation marks.

“KEYS”

Key names are written in capital letters and enclosed by quotation
marks.

Input

Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.

File names, commands,
program code

File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are
distinguished by their font.

"Links"

Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.

"References"

References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by
quotation marks.

Other conventions

● Remote commands: Remote commands may include abbreviations to simplify
input. In the description of such commands, all parts that have to be entered are
written in capital letters. Additional text in lower-case characters is for information
only.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Screen Layout and Elements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 11

1 Operating the R&S FSH

This chapter provides information about basic functionality and about the user interface
of the R&S FSH.

1.1 Screen Layout and Elements

The following figure shows the screen layout in cable and antenna test operating
mode. It shows all elements that are the same for all operating modes of the R&S FSH.
Screen layouts that show specifics for each operating mode or measurement are
provided in the corresponding sections of this manual.

1

Measurement information

13

Horizontal axis labeling

2

GPS and antenna status

14

Active menu item

3

Date and time

15

Unavailable menu item

4

Battery status

16

Currently selected menu item

5

Hardware settings

17

Selectable menu item

6

GPS information

18

Input field

7

Marker information

19

Vertical axis labeling

8

Reference position

20

Currently selected softkey

9

Invalid trace indicator and
overload information

21

Selectable softkey

10

Diagram

22

Active softkey function

11

Marker

23

Unavailable softkey

12

Trace

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Means of Input

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 12

1.2 Means of Input

The user interface of the R&S FSH provides several elements for you to input data.

1 Alphanumeric keys
2 Unit keys
3 Rotary knob
4 Cursor keys
5 Enter key
6 Cancel key
7 Back key

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Means of Input

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 13

1.2.1 Using the Alphanumeric Keys

Using the alphanumeric keys, you can enter numeric values or characters. The
alphanumeric keys include the numbers from 0 to 9, the alphabet, a minus sign and
dot.

If you have to enter a numeric value, press the corresponding key. In case of numeric
values, each key covers just the number that's printed on it.

You can enter negative values with the minus sign key and enter values that contain
decimal places with the dot key.

If the R&S FSH asks you to enter a character or you need to enter a character (e.g. file
names), the key assignment changes. Each key covers one number and more than
one character with the first choice being a character. If you need to enter a character,
press the key several times until the character you require is selected. The following
table shows an overview of character assignment.

You can correct entries with the BACK key. The BACK key moves the cursor one
position backwards and deletes the character that was in that place.

Key

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

1 1

2 a b c 2 A B C

3 d e f 3 D E F 4 g h i 4 G H I

5 j k l 5 J K L

6 m n o 6 M N O

7 p q r s 7 P Q R

S

8 t u v 8 T U V

9 w x y z 9 W X Y

Z

0 0 blank

_ - - +

. .

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Means of Input

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 14

1.2.2 Confirming and Cancelling Entries

Depending on the input you have made, there are several ways to confirm entries.

● Values without unit or values that have a fixed unit that you enter in an input field
can be confirmed with the ENTER key or by pressing the center of the rotary knob.

Alternatively, you can confirm such an entry by pressing the softkey that has
opened the input field in question.

● Values that have flexible units, like frequency or time, can be confirmed with one of
the unit keys.

If you confirm a such a value with the ENTER key, the R&S FSH always uses the
smallest possible unit (e.g. Hz).

● If you have opened a submenu or input field by accident, you can close it without
making any changes with the CANCEL key.

1.2.3 Using the Rotary Knob

Using the rotary knob, you can do several things.

● The rotary knob works like a cursor key in dialog boxes or softkey submenus. In
that case you can navigate to one of the items with the rotary knob. If the dialog
box covers more than one screen page, it also scrolls through the dialog box.

Turning it to the right corresponds to a downward movement. Moving it to the left to
an upward movement.

● The rotary knob increases or decreases any kind of numeric value if an input field
is active.

Turning it to the right corresponds to an increase, turning it to the left to a decrease
of a numeric value.

In most cases, the rotary knob changes numeric values with a fixed step size.

● The rotary knob moves markers around.
Again the step size is fixed.

● Pressing the rotary knob has the same effect as pressing the ENTER key as it
confirms an entry or selection.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Means of Input

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 15

1.2.4 Using the Cursor Keys

Using the cursor keys, you can do several things.

● The cursor keys navigate through dialog boxes or softkey submenus.

● The up and down keys increase or decrease any kind of numeric value if an input

field is active.
The cursor keys change numeric values with a fixed step size.

● The up and down keys move markers around.
The step size is fixed.

● The left and right keys move the cursor in an input field in the corresponding
direction.

1.2.5 Remote Operation

Remote operation is a way to control the R&S FSH from another device like a PC. To
use the R&S FSH this way, you have to establish a connection between both devices
via the LAN or USB interfaces of the R&S FSH.

The product range of the R&S FSH provides several tools for remote operation.

Remote control with R&S FSH-K40

The R&S FSH-K40 is a firmware option to control the R&S FSH with remote control
commands that are compatible to the SCPI standard.

You can download the user manual for the R&S FSH-K40 from the R&S website.

Remote desktop with R&S FSH4View

The remote desktop is an application provided by the R&S FSH4View software. You
can use it to access and control the R&S FSH in the R&S FSH4View environment.

While the R&S FSH is running and connected to the control computer, the screen
contents and control elements (keys, softkeys etc.) are displayed. Thus, you can
operate the R&S FSH just like the hardware itself.

► Connect the R&S FSH to the control computer.
► Start the R&S FSH4View software.
► Press the "Remote Display" button ( ) in the user interface.

The software opens the remote display to operate the R&S FSH remotely.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Presetting the R&S FSH

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 16

1.3 Presetting the R&S FSH

Before you prepare a measurement, it is recommended to preset the R&S FSH. During
a preset, the R&S FSH resets all settings to their default state. Restoring the default
configuration has the advantage that old settings do not affect measurements.

The default setup is specific to the operating mode.
► Press the PRESET key.

The R&S FSH restores its default setup.

You can also define your own default settings via a dataset. These are then loaded
after pressing the PRESET key instead of the factory default.

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "User Preferences" softkey.
► Select the "Preset Dataset" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the dataset that contains the settings
you would like to have as the preset settings.

► Select the dataset with the settings you want.
► Select the "Preset Mode" menu item in the "User Preferences" dialog box.
► Select the "User Defined" item from the dropdown menu.

The R&S FSH now loads the settings of the dataset after you press PRESET.

1.4 Configuring Measurements

The "Measurement Setup" dialog box provides an overview of the current configuration
of the R&S FSH. In addition, you can also change the configuration in this dialog box.

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "Measurement Setup" softkey.
► Select one of the menu items and change the settings as you like.

Note that the contents of the "Measurement Setup" dialog box are customized for each
operating mode of the R&S FSH. Therefore, the order and number of displayed
settings is different in each mode.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Configuring the Instrument

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 17

1.5 Configuring the Instrument

The "Instrument Setup" dialog box contains functionality that is independent of the
operating mode.

For more information see the "Quick Start Guide".

Protecting the R&S FSH with a PIN

The R&S FSH features a PIN protection system that protects the R&S FSH from
unauthorized access. If PIN protection is on, you have to enter the PIN whenever you
turn the R&S FSH on.

The protection system provides three levels of security.

● PIN made up of four digits

● Master PIN made up out of 10 digits.

When you enter the wrong PIN three times in a row, you have to enter the Master
PIN to unlock the R&S FSH. By default, the Master PIN is the same as the OEM
Master PIN, but you can define a User Master PIN.

If you unlock the R&S FSH with the User Master PIN, the PIN is automatically
reset to its default value ('0000').

● OEM Master PIN code made up out of 10 digits.
If you

- have defined a User Master PIN and enter the wrong User Master PIN five

times in a row or

- have not defined a User Master PIN and enter the wrong PIN three times in a

row,

the only remaining way to unlock the R&S FSH is with the OEM Master PIN. The
OEM Master PIN is a fix PIN that you receive upon delivery of your R&S FSH. You
cannot change the OEM Master PIN.

OEM Master PIN

Make sure not to lose the OEM Master PIN that is delivered with the R&S FSH and
keep it in a safe place away from the instrument itself.

If you use PIN protection and forget the User PINs, the OEM Master PIN is the only
way you can unlock and use the R&S FSH.

If you unlock the R&S FSH with the OEM Master PIN, the PIN and, if defined, the
User Master PIN are automatically reset to their default values:

'0000' (PIN) and '0000000000' (User Master PIN).

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Configuring the Instrument

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 18

If you fail to unlock the R&S FSH with the OEM Master PIN, the R&S FSH will
force a reboot of the software until you enter the correct OEM Master PIN.

Firmware update

If the R&S FSH is protected with a PIN, a firmware update is only possible after you
have entered the correct PIN.

In the initial state after delivery, PIN protection is turned off. So if you want to protect
the R&S FSH, you have to turn it on manually.

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "Instrument Settings" softkey.

The R&S FSH shows the "Instrument Settings" dialog box.

► Select the "PIN Code Protection" menu item.
► Press ENTER

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define a new PIN.

► Enter a 4-digit PIN.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to confirm the PIN.

► Enter the 4-digit PIN again.

If the PIN confirmation was successful, the R&S FSH shows a corresponding
message and activates PIN protection. In that case, you have to enter the PIN
every time the R&S FSH boots.

If the PIN confirmation was not successful, the R&S FSH shows a corresponding
message and does not activate PIN protection. In that case repeat the last steps.

You can change the PIN any time you want.
► Select the "New PIN Code" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define a new PIN.

► Enter the new PIN.
► Confirm the new PIN.

The R&S FSH changes the PIN accordingly.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Configuring the Instrument

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 19

You can define a User Master PIN the same way. By default, the User Master PIN is
the OEM Master PIN as shown in the "Instrument Settings" dialog box.

► Select the "Master PIN Code" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define a User Master PIN.

► Enter a 10-digit number for the User Master PIN.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to confirm the User Master PIN.

► Confirm the PIN.

The R&S FSH shows a message if the change was successful or not.

► Alternatively, select the "User Master PIN Code" menu item and enter a 10-digit

PIN in the input field that opens.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Taking Screenshots

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 20

1.6 Taking Screenshots

You can take and store a screenshot of the current screen anytime with the key.
► Press the key.

The R&S FSH takes a screenshot.

If available, the R&S FSH stores the screenshot on an external storage device (USB
memory stick or SD card). If both are connected, the R&S FSH uses the SD card.

If no external device is available, the R&S FSH stores the screenshot in its internal
memory (if there is enough left). In that case you can transfer the pictures with the
R&S FSH4View software to your computer.

Saving screenshot and dataset at the same time

Depending on the "Capture" settings available in the "User Preference" menu, using
the key also saves a dataset in addition to the screenshot.

For more information see "Managing Datasets" on page 29.

Screenshot file name

All screenshots get a default file name "Screenshot####". The files also get numbers
(####) in ascending order, beginning with 0000. You can select a default file name and
start number in the "User Preference" menu.

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "User Preference" softkey.
► Select the "Default Filename" and "File Name Counter Starts At" items and assign

a file name and number as you wish.

Screenshot file format

The file format of screenshots is either *.png or *.jpg, depending on your configuration
in the "User Preference" menu.

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "User Preference" softkey.
► Select the "Capture Screen Format" item to select the screenshot file format.

Previewing screenshots

If you want to make sure if a screenshot you took contains the wanted information, you
can preview screenshots on the R&S FSH.

► Press the SAVE/RECALL key.
► Press the "Recall Screenshot" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select a screenshot for the preview.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Saving Events

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 21

1.7 Saving Events

The R&S FSH provides functionality that automatically saves measurement information
if a certain situation or event occurs.

Saving events is possible in all operating modes.

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "User Preference" softkey.
► Select the "Save on Event" menu item.
► Select "On" from the "Save on Event" dropdown menu.

The R&S FSH turns on automatic event recognition. You can select one of several
events that trigger the storage of measurement data.

Data types

You can select several data types to save when an event occurs.

● A screenshot of the sweep that contains the event (.png or .jpg file)

● A dataset of the sweep that contains the event (.set file)

● The GPS coordinates of the location where the event happens (.gpx file) - a GPS

receiver and option R&S FSH-K16 is required for this

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "User Preference" softkey.
► Select the "Capture Screen", "Capture Dataset" or "Capture GPX" menu item and

turn it on or off.
If on, the corresponding information is included in the saved data.

Timing of the data capture

Note that the R&S FSH evaluates the measured data after a sweep is done and thus
detects and saves an event only after a sweep has been completed.

Event types

To use the "Save on Event" functionality, you have to select an event type that triggers
the capture of the selected data. The R&S FSH supports several event types.

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "User Preference" softkey.
► Select the "Event Source" menu item and select an event type from the dropdown

menu.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Saving Events

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 22

● Time interval
Saves measurement data every <x> seconds.
You can define the duration of the time interval via the "Time Interval" menu item.

Single sweeps and sweep time

Note that it is not possible to save measurement data every <x> seconds in single
sweep mode, because the R&S FSH only performs one sweep and then stops.

Note also that the time interval must be longer than the sweep time. If the time interval
would be shorter, the R&S FSH would not be able to save data, because a sweep has
to be complete before the R&S FSH is able to save the data.

● Limit failure
Saves measurement data if a limit line is violated. (not supported by Geotagging

mode yet)
The R&S FSH provides different modes for handling limit check failures. You can

select one via the "Limits Save Mode"

- Start on failure: starts to save measurement data if a limit line is violated.

- Stop on failure: stops to save measurement data if a limit line is violated.

- Save only failure: saves only the sweeps that actually fail a limit check.

● Distance interval
Saves measurement data after you have covered a certain distance.
You can define the distance that must covered before data is saved via the

"Distance Interval" menu item.

● Every sweep
Saves the data of all measurement sweeps that are performed.

Storage device

To use the "Save on Event" functionality, you need an SD card or USB stick to store
the data on. The internal memory would probably not be sufficient.

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "User Preference" softkey.
► Select the "Recording Storage" menu item.
► From the dropdown menu, select the storage device you prefer (SD card or USB

device)

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 23

1.8 Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC

The R&S FSH comes with the R&S FSH4View software package. This software
package features several tools that allow you to document measurement results or
create and edit limit lines or channel tables among other things.

Note that the .NET Framework 2.0 (or higher) is required on the PC to run the software
properly.

You can set up a connection between the R&S FSH and R&S FSH4View either via its
LAN port or its mini USB port.

You have to install the R&S FSH4View software on the PC before you are able to
establish a connection.

► Run the CD-ROM delivered with the R&S FSH.
► Navigate to the "Software" section and start the setup file.
► Follow the instructions on the screen.

Alternatively, you can download the latest R&S FSH4View from the R&S FSH product
homepage.

http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/fsh.html

Firewall settings

If no connection can be established between the software and the R&S FSH after
successful configuration, check the firewall settings on your PC.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 24

1.8.1 Connecting the R&S FSH in a LAN

You can connect the R&S FSH directly to the PC with the LAN cable that is supplied
with the R&S FSH. The LAN port is located on the left side of the R&S FSH behind a
protective cap.

You can set up the LAN connection in the "Instrument Settings" dialog box.

For a direct connection between a PC and the R&S FSH, DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol) has to be turned off (which is the default state).

► In the "Instrument Setup" dialog box, select the "DHCP" item.
► Press the ENTER key.

A dropdown menu to select the DHCP state opens.

► Turn DHCP on or off as required.

Setting an IP address and subnet mask

To establish a connection, the PC and the R&S FSH have to be in the same subnet.
► Identify the subnet mask of your PC, for example in the Microsoft Windows

"TCP/IP Properties".

► In the "Instrument Setup" dialog box, select the "Subnet Mask" item.
► Press the ENTER key.
► Enter the subnet mask of the PC with the numeric keys.

► Confirm the entry with the ENTER key.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 25

After you have matched the subnet mask, you can define the IP address. When both
devices are in the same subnet, the first three digits of the IP address are usually the
same ('192' in the example below).

Example

IP address PC

192.0.2.0

IP address R&S FSH

192.0.2.10

► Identify the IP address of your PC, for example in the Microsoft Windows "TCP/IP

Properties".

► In the "Instrument Setup" dialog box, select the "IP Address" item.

► Press the ENTER key.
► Enter the IP address of the PC with the numeric keys.
► Confirm the entry with the ENTER key.

Configuring the R&S FSH4View software

► Start R&S FSH4View.
► Select the "LAN" tab in the "Instrument Connect" dialog box.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 26

► Press the "Add" button to create a new network connection.

► Specify a name for the new network connection, for example R&S FSH.
► Enter the IP address for the R&S FSH (in this case 192.0.2.10)
► Confirm the entry with the "OK" button.

The connection is now created and configured and is added to the IP Configuration
list.

► Select the new connection labeled R&S FSH.
► Press the Connect button to establish the connection.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 27

1.8.2 Connecting the R&S FSH in an Existing LAN

You can either draw the R&S FSH IP address automatically from the DHCP server or
manually assign a fixed address. With manual allocation, a fixed IP address and
subnet mask must be assigned to the R&S FSH as described in the chapter on direct
LAN connection. Then the R&S FSH4View software has to be configured as described
with the assigned IP address.

Free IP address

Contact your IT system manager to get a free IP address.

In networks with a DHCP server, DHCP permits automatic allocation of the network
configuration to the R&S FSH connected via LAN cable. For this purpose, DHCP has
to be active on the R&S FSH.

DHCP is off by default. Turn it on like this:

► In the "Instrument Setup" dialog box, select the "DHCP" item.
► Press the ENTER key.

A dropdown menu to select the DHCP state opens.

► Select "On" to activate DHCP.

The R&S FSH is now allocated an IP address and the subnet mask by the DHCP
server. This can take several seconds.

The IP address and subnet mask are automatically set in the corresponding input
fields and are no longer available for editing.

Configure the R&S FSH4View software with the IP address and subnet mask as
defined by the DHCP server. For more information see "Connecting the R&S FSH

in a LAN" on page 24.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Connecting the R&S FSH to a PC

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 28

1.8.3 Connecting the R&S FSH via USB

Alternatively, you can connect the R&S FSH to the PC with the USB cable that is
supplied with the delivery. The Mini USB interface is located on the left side of the
R&S FSH behind a protective cap.

When you connect the R&S FSH to a computer for the first time, Windows tries to
install the new hardware automatically. The required drivers are installed along with the
R&S FSH4View software package.

When the drivers have been found on your system and the hardware has been
successfully installed, Windows shows a corresponding message.

► Connect the R&S FSH via the Mini USB port to your computer.
► Start R&S FSH4View on the PC.
► Select the "USB" tab in the "Instrument Connect" dialog box.

► Select the R&S FSH connection.
► Confirm the selection with the "Connect" button.

R&S FSH IP address

The R&S FSH internally emulates a LAN connection. The IP address displayed by
R&S FSH4View for the USB connection is for information only. It is fixed to

172.16.10.10 and cannot be changed.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Managing Datasets

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 29

1.9 Managing Datasets

The R&S FSH provides functionality to manage (save, restore etc.) datasets available
in its internal memory or an external storage device.

The USB interface that supports the use of memory sticks is available for models with
serial numbers 105000 and higher.

Read-only files

If a file is labeled with a lock symbol in the "Stat" column of the file manager, it is read­only and therefore cannot be edited.

You can remove the read-only attribute in several ways.

● Connect the R&S FSH to a PC and start the R&S FSH4View software.
In the software, start the "Synchonization Control", select a file and lock or unlock

the file with the corresponding buttons.

● Copy the file to a computer and remove the attribute with the Windows functionality
(right click on the file, select "Properties" and remove the check from the "Read­only" checkbox.

● Use the SYSTem:SET:UNLock command to remove the read-only attribute. Note
that you might have to select the correct directory first with MMEM:CDIR.

MMEM:CDIR '\Public\Cable Models'
SYST:SET:UNL 'xyz.cblmod'

Datasets

Basically, the R&S FSH supports various types of datasets. The instructions below
primarily describe managing datasets that you create on the R&S FSH during
measurements, for example measurement results and configurations. Note that these
datasets have the file extension .set.

Datasets with the file extension .set are an image of measurement results and
configurations. Thus, you can subsequently reproduce the context of the
measurement.

You can use datasets for documentation, for example, or use them for a more detailed
analysis later on (for example with the R&S FSH4View software). Note that datasets
also contain calibration data if calibration has been performed.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Managing Datasets

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 30

Templates

The R&S FSH also supports various other types of datasets (or templates). Such
templates mainly contain additional requirements for a particular measurement, like
limit lines or channel tables.

Creating and editing these templates is only possible with the functionality provided by
the R&S FSH4View software package. Note that the file extension depends on the
application of the template. For example, a template containing a channel table has the
extension .chntab.

For more information on working with templates refer to the documentation of the
R&S FSH4View software package.

Data synchronization

The R&S FSH4View features a data synchronization that matches the data available
on the R&S FSH and that on the computer with the R&S FSH4View installation.

► Press the "Synchronization Control" ( ) button.

The software opens another dialog box to control synchronization.

By default, the software synchronizes a selected set of data, depending on the
synchronization direction.

● Synchronization from PC to R&S FSH: button
Updates all files on the R&S FSH that have been created or edited with the

R&S FSH4View software package (cable models, limit lines, transducers, channel
tables etc.).

● Synchronization from R&S FSH to PC: button
Updates all files on the PC that have been created on the R&S FSH (datasets,

screenshots and wizard results).

Removing outdated files

When you turn on "Remove Orphans", the software removes all files from the
R&S FSH that it cannot find on the PC.

Alternatively, you can synchronize all files at the same time
(templates and datasets) in one direction (PC to R&S FSH
or R&S FSH to PC), regardless of the file type.

► Turn on "Synchronize All".

► Press either the "FSH ← PC" button to update all files on the R&S FSH based on

the data available on the PC or the "FSH → PC" button to update the files on the
PC based on the data available on the R&S FSH.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Managing Datasets

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 31

1.9.1 Saving Datasets

The R&S FSH allows you to save the data that is currently analyzed at any time.
► Press the SAVE/RECALL key.

The R&S FSH opens the file manager.

► Press the "Save" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the "Save Dataset" dialog box.

1 Available datasets and folder structure
2 Dataset name input field
3 Remaining memory on selected data storage device
4 File manager softkey menu

The folder structure shows all available data storage devices. Possible storage devices
are the internal memory of the R&S FSH, an SD card or a memory stick.

The default storage device depends on which devices are connected to the R&S FSH.

● If an SD card is connected, datasets are always stored there first.

● If a memory stick is connected, datasets are stored there only if no SD card is

connected.

● The internal memory is used only if neither SD card or memory stick are connected.

The internal memory provides approximately 20 MB of data, therefore the number of
datasets you save on the R&S FSH is limited. Each dataset needs about 100 kB of
memory, but this value can vary.

If you are using an external storage device, the number of datasets you can save is
limited only by the size of the storage device.

The R&S FSH shows the remaining memory on the storage device in the dialog box.

► Select the storage device you want to save the data to.
► Select the folder you want to save the data to.
► Enter a file name in the corresponding input field.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Managing Datasets

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 32

The default file name for datasets is "Dataset###.set" with a new number in
ascending order for each new dataset. The file extension for datasets is .set.

If you enter another name, the R&S FSH uses that name and assigns a new
number to the file name if you save the data set the next time. This function allows
you to assign consecutive dataset file names without entering a new name every
time you want to save a dataset.

You can enter the file name with the alphanumeric keypad. Each key covers more
than one character. To get the character you want, press the key in question the
appropiate number of times.

Instead of entering a file name character by character, you can also put a name
together using the quick naming feature. For more information see "Quick Naming

of Datasets" on page 33.

► Press the "Save" softkey.

The R&S FSH saves the dataset.

1.9.1.1 Alternative Ways to Save Datasets

The R&S FSH provides alternative and more comfortable ways to save datasets.

Using the key

You can configure the key to take a screenshot as well as saving a dataset.

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "User Preference" softkey.
► Select the "Capture Dataset" item and turn it on.

If on, pressing the key saves a dataset of the current measurement.
Pressing the key saves the selected data of the current measurement.

Saving events

You can configure the R&S FSH to save a dataset when an event occurs.

► Press the SETUP key.
► Press the "User Preference" softkey.
► Select the "Capture Dataset" item and turn it on.

If on, the R&S FSH saves a dataset of the current measurement if an event occurs.
For more information on events see "Saving Events" on page 21.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Managing Datasets

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 33

1.9.1.2 Renaming File Names

If necessary, you can rename files or file directories directly on the R&S FSH.

► Enter the "File Manager".
► Select the file or directory you want to rename.
► Press the "Select Action" softkey.
► Select the "Rename" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to change the name of the file.

1.9.1.3 Quick Naming of Datasets

The R&S FSH provides a quick naming feature that speeds up the process of naming
a file.

Putting together a file name

Basically, using the quick naming feature is a way of compiling a file name by putting
one or more predefined text modules or terms together in a logical way.

The various terms are combined in a table, each cell of which contains one term. The
table consists of 120 cells. You can define the contents of each cell freely.

► Press the SAVE/RECALL key.
► Press the "Save" softkey.
► Press the "Quick Naming" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box that contains the terms.

► Select the term you want to add with the cursor keys.

► Press ENTER to add the term to

the file name.
The current file name is displayed

in the line above the table.
So, if you perform, for example, an

ACLR measurement of an uplink
LTE signal at a certain location,
you might want that information in
the file name:

'Site_LTE_UL_ACLR'

► Press the "OK" softkey to exit the quick naming table.

After you have exited the table, the file name appears in the "Save as:" field in the
"Save Dataset" dialog box. If necessary, you can then add additional characters.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Managing Datasets

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 34

Note that by default, the R&S FSH adds a term without separators between each term.
If you need a separator between the term, you can add a blank space or an
underscore.

► After having added a term, press the "_" softkey or the "Space" softkey.
Or to add a separator automatically upon adding a term.

► Press the "Auto Insert" softkey.
► Select the "Off" menu item to add no separator, the "_" menu item to add an

underscore or the "Space" menu item to add a blank space.

Designing a quick naming table

The firmware of the R&S FSH already has some basic mobile communication terms in
the table. However, you can add up to 120 terms to the table.

► Press the SAVE/RECALL key.
► Press the "Save" softkey.
► Press the "Quick Naming" softkey.
► Select one of the table cells with the cursor keys.
► Press the "Change Table Item" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define a term for the cell.

► Define a term with the number keys and confirm the term with ENTER.

The R&S FSH adds the term to the table.

You can create and edit quick naming tables with the R&S FSH4View software
package and then transfer them into the internal memory of the R&S FSH.

► In the "Quick Naming" softkey menu, press the "Import" softkey.
► Select the "Import Quick Naming Table" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select a file to import.

The same way, you can also export a quick naming table.

► In the "Quick Naming" softkey menu, press the "Export" softkey.
► Select the "Export Quick Naming Table" menu item.

1.9.1.4 Converting Dataset File Types

The functionality of the R&S FSH4View software allows you to convert a dataset of the
file type *.set into the *.csv format.

The conversion is possible with a command line option for the FSH4View.exe file.
The general syntax you have to use is:

FSH4View.exe -csv "<InputDataset.set>" "<DestinationFile.csv>"

Note that you have to use quotation marks for the file name if it contains blank spaces.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Managing Datasets

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 35

Example:

FSH4View.exe -csv 'Dataset.set' 'Dataset.csv'

Renames the file Datset.set into Dataset.csv.

Environment variables

The command line option only works if you execute the command from the installation
folder of R&S FSH4View software.

Otherwise, you have to set a "Path" environment variable to the destination of the
location of the .exe file.

You can access the environment variable via the MS Windows control panel.

"Start Menu"  "Control Panel"  "System"  "Advanced System Settings"

 "Advanced" tab
 "Environment Variables" button  "System Variables"  "Path"

► Add a new variable with the installation path of the software.
The default installation path is

● C:\Program Files\Rohde-Schwarz\FSH4View\ (for Windows XP, Vista and 7 (32-bit)

● C:\Program Files (x86)\Rohde-Schwarz\FSH4View\ (for Windows 7 64-bit)

If necessary, change the path as required.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Managing Datasets

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 36

1.9.2 Restoring Datasets

You can preview and load previously saved measurement results with the recall
function of the R&S FSH. This function also provides easy access to previous
measurement settings so that you do not have to set up the R&S FSH again.

► Press the SAVE/RECALL key.

The R&S FSH opens the file manager.

► Select the dataset you want to use.

The R&S FSH restores the configuration that the dataset contains.

By default, the most recently saved dataset is highlighted. If you need another dataset,
navigate to the folder or storage device that contains the dataset you need.

1.9.2.1 Previewing a Dataset

The R&S FSH provides a preview of datasets. The preview is like a screenshot and
lets you take a quick look at that measurement and its settings. The R&S FSH does
not yet activate the measurement settings of that dataset.

► Browse through the available datasets and select the one you want.
► Press the "Recall" softkey.

The R&S FSH shows a preview of the measurement contained in the selected
dataset. The preview shows the measurement results as well as the measurement
settings.

► Use the rotary knob to browse the previews of all datasets available in the selected

folder.

► Press the "Exit" softkey to return to the "Recall Dataset" dialog box.

1.9.2.2 Loading a Dataset

If you find a dataset whose settings you need for your current measurement task, you
can load it.

► Press the "Activate" softkey.

The R&S FSH loads the dataset in question and adjusts its measurement settings
to those of the dataset.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Managing Datasets

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 37

1.9.2.3 Quick Recall of Instrument Settings

For regular measurement tasks, the R&S FSH allows quick access to previously saved
datasets by linking a particular dataset to one of the softkeys.

Assigning a dataset to one of the softkeys

► Press the SETUP key.

The R&S FSH opens the setup menu.

► Press the "User Preference" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the User Preference Setup menu.

In this menu you can customize the name of one of the softkeys F1 to F6 and assign a
dataset to a specific softkey for quick access to that dataset. By default, the name of
the label is "User-Pref 1" to "User-Pref 6".

► Select one of the User Key Labels F1 to F6.
► Customize the name of the softkey by entering a new one with the alphanumeric

keys, e.g. 'user label 1'.
The first word of the key label is displayed in the first row of the label, the rest in

the second row. If a label is too long to be displayed, it is truncated. If you enter no
label, the softkey will be inactive.

► Select the User Key Dataset corresponding to the customized User Key Label F1

to F6.
The R&S FSH opens the file manager and displays a list of available datasets.

► Select the dataset you want to assign to the softkey.

The R&S FSH returns to the User Preference Setup menu. The dataset is now
assigned to the softkey.

Recalling a dataset

► Press the USER key.
► Press one of the softkeys F1 to F6 in the menu.

Note that the label of the softkeys depends on the settings made in the User
Preference Setup menu.

The R&S FSH immediately activates the dataset assigned to that softkey.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Managing Datasets

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 38

1.9.3 Deleting Datasets

If you have to delete a dataset, you can do so with the file manager.

► Press the SAVE/RECALL key.
► Press the "File Manager" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the file manager.

► In order to delete a single dataset, press the "Select Action" softkey. Select

"Delete" and the dataset currently selected is deleted after your confirmation.

In order to delete multiple data sets, the respective datasets have to be marked first.

► Press the "Mark" softkey to mark files for deletion
► Select the dataset you'd like to delete.
► Mark the data sets with the ENTER key.

The selected data sets should be checked in the "Status" column.
Repeat the selection by moving the cursor with the rotary knob or the cursor key

and marking more data sets with the ENTER key.

► Press the "Select Action" softkey.
► Select the "Delete" menu item and confirm with the ENTER key or the "Select

Action" softkey.
Before deleting the data set, the R&S FSH shows a warning message that you

need to confirm. After confirming the deletion process the R&S FSH deletes the
selected data sets from its memory.

R&S FSH Operating the R&S FSH

Updating the Firmware

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 39

1.10 Updating the Firmware

You can download new firmware versions from the R&S FSH website.

http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/fsh.html

The website also provides release notes for each new firmware version. The release
notes include instructions on how to perform a firmware update.

1.11 Installing Firmware Options

You can equip the R&S FSH with several firmware options to enable additional
operating modes or special measurements.

For more information see the "Quick Start Guide"

R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard

Installing Firmware Options

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 40

2 Working with the Measurement Wizard

When testing antennas and cables it is often necessary to perform a sequence of
standardized and recurring measurements, often in an environment that is not easily
accessible. To make sure that measurements are performed as required and to avoid
a constant adjustment of parameters, the R&S FSH features a measurement wizard.

The measurement wizard allows you to combine several individual measurement
configurations to a sequence of measurements (or measurement set). Because all
relevant parameters have been set prior to the actual measurement and cannot be
changed once the measurement procedure has begun, the wizard is a good way to
avoid mistakes and save time when setting up measurements.

This chapter describes the functionality of the measurement wizard. For details on the
individual measurements you can perform with the wizard, refer to the corresponding
chapters.

● Spectrum Analyzer Mode on page 50

● Power Meter on page 133

● Network Analyzer Mode on page 152

● Distance-to-Fault Mode (R&S FSH-K41) on page 214

● Receiver Mode on page 231

● Interference Analyzer (R&S FSH-K15/ -K16) on page 152

● Digital Modulation Analyzer on page 243

You can use the wizard for measurements in all operating modes.
Note that it is necessary to install and use the R&S FSH4View software package if you

want to access the measurement wizard.

R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard

Preparing the Measurement

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 41

2.1 Preparing the Measurement

Before you can use the measurement wizard you have to define a measurement set
with the R&S FSH4View software package and transfer it to the R&S FSH.

The R&S FSH4View software package is delivered with the R&S FSH. The latest
version is also available for download on the R&S FSH website at

http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/product/fsh.html

2.1.1 Creating a Measurement Set

A measurement set consists of several datasets. A dataset is a file that contains the
settings of a specific R&S FSH configuration, for example frequency, scaling etc. To
get hold of a dataset, set up the R&S FSH as you need and save the configuration or
use one of the predefined datasets.

For more information on datasets see "Saving Datasets" on page 31.

► Start the R&S FSH4View software on your PC.
► Select the "Wizard Set Editor" with the button.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog that provides all functionality to manage
measurement sets.

1 Name of the measurement set
2 Description of the measurement task
3 Font type for on-screen instructions (latin and some asian fonts are supported)
4 Measurement set password protection
5 Measurement sequence control
6 Calibration method
7 Cable characteristics (length and model)

R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard

Preparing the Measurement

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 42

8 Control of cable characteristics (model and length) after individual measurements
9 List of datasets that are available via the PC
10 List of datasets that are currently part of the measurement set
11 File management options
12 Preview dataset button

► Set up the measurement set as you like by adding or removing datasets.
The editor also allows you to add comments to each measurement that is part of the

measurement set. You can also rename the measurement.
► Select one of the datasets and click on the button.

The R&S FSH opens another dialog box.

In this dialog box, you can

- see the name of the selected dataset

- define a name for the corresponding measurement

- include instructions (verbal or graphical) about performing the measurement

- define several hardware settings as described in the Quick Start Guide.

- select a calibration method specific for that measurement
You can add instructions for every measurement that you include in the set to

avoid handling measurements incorrectly.

The R&S FSH shows these instructions before the measurement starts.

Password protection for measurement sets

It is possible to protect the contents of measurement sets with a password from
unauthorized access.

If you protect a measurement set, you are able to edit the contents of the
measurement set only after you have entered the correct password.

In addition, you can control who is using the measurement sets by limiting its access
to a particular set of R&S FSH serial numbers only. All other devices will not be able
to process these wizard files.

R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard

Preparing the Measurement

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 43

2.1.2 Uploading Measurement Sets

In order to perform the actual measurements, you have to upload the wizard definition
file that contains the set of measurements to the R&S FSH.

► Select the "Wizard Set Control" function with the button.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the measurement set(s) to upload.

► Select the measurement set you want to upload.
► Copy the files with the button.

The software stores a copy of the measurement set in the memory of the
R&S FSH.

Alternatively, you can use a memory stick or SD card to access a measurement
set on the R&S FSH.

R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard

Using the Measurement Wizard

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 44

2.2 Using the Measurement Wizard

Now that the measurement set is available on the R&S FSH you can start performing
measurements.

2.2.1 Starting the Measurement Wizard

► Press the USER key.
► Press the "Wizard" softkey".

The R&S FSH opens the "W izard" dialog box. This dialog box contains information
about the measurement set, including several parameters whose values you can
change during the measurement (for example the site name).

► Press the "Load Meas Set" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the file manager.

► Select the file that contains the

measurement set that you require.

► Confirm the selection with the

"Select" softkey.
The R&S FSH returns to the

measurement wizard dialog box. It
now displays information about the
measurement set you have just
loaded.

The dialog box contains the following information:

● Measurement Definition
Name of the wizard definition file currently in use. Pressing the ENTER key on this

field has the same effect as the "Load Meas Set" softkey.

● Measurement Description
Short description of the measurement task. This is a read only field that shows the

description as defined with the R&S FSH4View software.

● User
Name of the person that performs the measurement.

● Number of Sequence Steps to Perform
Number of individual measurements in the measurement sequence.

The field allows you to reduce the number of individual measurements and perform
only those measurements that are really necessary. If you reduce the number of
measurements, the R&S FSH omits the last measurements in the sequence.

You can edit this field only if you have turned on the "Allow Variable Number of
Sequence Steps" in the "Wizard Set Editor" of the R&S FSH4View software.

R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard

Using the Measurement Wizard

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 45

● Site Name
Location of the measurement. This field is available on the R&S FSH only.

● Comments
Comments about the measurement, e.g. the external conditions during the

measurement.

● GPS Position
Shows the GPS position, if you have connected a GPS receiver. Pressing the

ENTER key on this field results in an update of the GPS coordinates.

● Use Wizard Cable Settings
Determines if you want to use the cable characteristics as defined in the

measurement set or if you want to be able change cable characteristics on site.
Select "Yes" to use the predefined cable characteristics. In That case the
parameters below will be locked.

● Cable Model
Cable model that you perform the measurement on. You can define a cable model

with the R&S FSH4View software, but can also change the cable model on short
notice, if necessary.

● Clear Cable Model
Deactivates the currently active cable model.

● Cable Length
Length of the cable that you perform the measurement on.

● Calibration
Calibration method to use before the measurement starts. This is a read only field,

the calibration method has to be defined with R&S FSH4View.
You have to calibrate the R&S FSH before you can begin with the measurement

sequence defined in the wizard. If the R&S FSH has already been calibrated with
the defined routine prior to starting the wizard, the R&S FSH skips the calibration
and directly starts the measurement.

● Measurements
List of all individual measurements (datasets) that need to be performed for

successful completion of the measurement task. The list also shows the
measurements that still need to be performed.

Some parameters of the measurement setup you can still change directly on the
R&S FSH. These are mainly parameters whose details may not be available when you
define the measurement set or whose details may differ depending on the
measurement site, e.g. the cable length or the cable model if it is different to the one
defined previously.

► To change a parameter, select it with the cursor keys and activate the

corresponding input field with the ENTER key.

► Update all parameters that are not correct for the current measurement.

R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard

Using the Measurement Wizard

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 46

2.2.2 Performing a Sequence of Measurements

Now that you have updated all parameters concerning the measurement task, you can
start the measurement procedure.

► Press the "Start Meas Set" softkey.

If calibration of the R&S FSH is necessary for the measurement task, it asks you to
perform the calibration routine. The stages of the calibration depend on the defined
calibration routine.

For more information see "Calibrating Measurements" on page 181.

Calibration pool

The R&S FSH adds the calibration data of each calibration you perform to a calibration
pool available on its internal memory. Each dataset in the calibration pool is unique for
a particular calibration method and a particular measurement configuration.

Note that the calibration is only valid for the instrument it has been performed on.
Before you start a measurement sequence with the measurement wizard, the

R&S FSH compares the contents of the calibration pool to the measurement
configurations and required calibration methods in the measurement sequence.

● If the R&S FSH has already been calibrated for a particular configuration, it
restores that data. Another calibration is not necessary.

● If the R&S FSH has not been calibrated for a particular configuration yet,
calibration becomes necessary. The new calibration data is added to the pool.

Therefore, calibration is necessary only for calibration methods that have not been
used for a particular measurement configuration before.

However, it is recommended to perform calibration on a regular basis to keep
measurements as accurate as possible.

You can delete obsolete calibration data from the folder:
\Public\CalibrationPool.

Measurement sequence

After having successfully calibrated the R&S FSH, it starts to go through the
measurements that are part of the measurement set. The sequence of measurements
is as defined with R&S FSH4View.

Before each measurement, the
R&S FSH shows a message box.

The message box contains the information and instructions on how to prepare and
perform the measurement that you have defined with the R&S FSH4View software.

► Make the necessary preparations, like connecting the cable.
► Press the "Confirm" softkey.

R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard

Using the Measurement Wizard

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 47

The R&S FSH performs the measurement as defined in the dataset and
measurement set. When finished, it shows the measurement results and says

.

Note that it is not possible to change any measurement parameters while using the
measurement wizard. Marker functionality, scaling parameters and (if configured
that way) cable settings are, however, available.

Changing cable characteristics

If necessary, you can define different cable characteristics (cable model and length)
after each individual measurement. This is useful, for example, if you want to do the
same measurements on different cables at one go.

This feature is available when you turn on "Prompt User to Change Cable Settings" in
the "Wizard Set Editor" of the R&S FSH4View software.

When this function is on, the R&S FSH asks you to select new cable characteristics
during the preparation of a measurement.

► Press the "Yes" softkey if changes are required and select new cable

characteristics before proceeding with the measurement.

► Press the "No" softkey if changes are not required and proceed with the

measurement.

After each measurement step, you have several options:

- Continue with the next measurement ("Continue" softkey).

Finishes the current measurement and begins with the next measurement by
showing the necessary preparations.

- Repeat the current measurement ("Repeat Meas" softkey).

Repeats the current measurement, e.g. if the results don't match your
expectations and you want to validate the results.

- Interrupt the measurement set sequence ("Interrupt Wizard" softkey).

Interrupting the sequence of measurements may become necessary if the
measurement doesn't yield the expected results (e.g. violated limit lines).

In that case, you can interrupt the measurement sequence and try to find the
origin of the problem by using different settings or measurements than those
defined in the wizard.

When you interrupt the wizard sequence, the complete functionality is
available as if you would not use the wizard.

When you interrupt a measurement sequence, the R&S FSH keeps the results
of measurements you have already performed.

When you are finished reconfiguring the measurement, press the WIZARD key
and resume the measurement sequence with the "Resume Sequence" softkey.

R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard

Using the Measurement Wizard

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 48

- Skip a measurement ("Skip Meas" softkey).

Skips a single measurement and initiates the subsequent measurement.
Skipping individual measurements is possible when you turn on "Allow to skip

measurements and finish wizard sequence" in the "Wizard Set Editor" of the
R&S FSH4View software.

- End the measurement sequence ("Finish Wizard" softkey).

Ends the measurement sequence and returns to the "Measurement Wizard"
dialog box. The results of the measurements you have already finished are
kept in the memory of the R&S FSH.

Ending the sequence is possible when you turn on "Allow to skip
measurements and finish wizard sequence" in the "Wizard Set Editor" of the
R&S FSH4View software.

- Abort the measurement sequence ("Cancel" softkey).

Aborts the measurement and returns to the "Measurement Wizard" dialog box.
The results of the measurements you have already finished are lost.

When you have finished all measurements that are part of the measurement set, the
R&S FSH asks you if you want to save the measurement results.

► Press the "Save Meas Results" softkey.

The R&S FSH saves the results on the selected storage device.

Limited internal memory

If you have to store the results on the internal memory, make sure that it has enough
space left to store them. Else the results might get lost. If the space is not enough, you
can delete old data with the file manager.

For more information see "Deleting Datasets" on page 38.

The results for a measurement set consist of a number of files, each file corresponding
to one of the performed measurements. For easy evaluation, the R&S FSH includes
the name of the measurement as defined in the wizard dialog or R&S FSH4View in the
file name.

All result files that belong to a measurement set are stored in the same directory. The
directory is named after the measurement name and site. The syntax is
'sitename_measurement_#'.

The R&S FSH adds numbers in ascending order to files as well as directories if you
perform a measurement or measurement set more than once.

R&S FSH Working with the Measurement Wizard

Evaluating Results

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 49

2.3 Evaluating Results

The R&S FSH4View software provides functionality to evaluate results and compile
measurement reports. However, before you can start to evaluate the results you have
to download the results to your computer.

► Select the "Wizard Result Control" function with the button.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the measurement set(s) to download.

► Select the measurement set you want to download.
► Copy the files with the button.

Now that the results are available, you can start to compile a measurement report with
the R&S FSH4View.

► Select the "Report Generator" with the button.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog that provides all functionality to manage
measurement sets.

1 Source folder of the datasets
2 Preview of a particular dataset
3 Measurement data to be included in the report
4 Selection of the included information on each report page
5 Selection of the output format
6 Save/load a report

With the report editor, you can create measurement reports for the full measurement
set or a selection of dataset only. You can also perform simple tasks like activating or
deactivating markers that have been set during the measurement.

► Add the results you want to include in the report by setting a checkmark or

removing the checkmark in the report pane.

► Select the report format you would like.
► Create the report with the "Save" button.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 50

3 Spectrum Analyzer Mode

The default operating mode of the R&S FSH is the spectrum analyzer. The spectrum
analyzer provides the functionality to perform measurements in the frequency domain,
e.g. to identify the power of signals.

3.1 Performing Spectrum Measurements

In addition to basic spectrum measurements, the R&S FSH provides several specific
measurements. These measurements, also in combination with one of the available
accessories, allow you to perform advanced and more complex measurement tasks.

3.1.1 Measuring Basic Signal Characteristics

Basic spectrum measurements determine the spectrum of a signal in the frequency
domain or keep track of a signal in the time domain. They provide a basic overview of
the input signal characteristics.

Frequency domain

In the frequency domain, the R&S FSH analyzes the input signal characteristics over a
particular span. You can use it, for example, to obtain basic measurement results like
peak levels and the shape of the spectrum.

The horizontal axis shows the frequency, the vertical axis shows the signal levels.
The measurement in the frequency domain is the default measurement mode.

Time domain

In the time domain, the R&S FSH analyzes the characteristics of a signal at a particular
frequency over time. The span during time domain measurements is 0 (zero span
mode). You can use time domain measurements, for example to monitor the
characteristics of a signal.

The horizontal axis shows the time, the vertical axis shows the signal levels.
To perform a time domain measurement, you have to set the span to zero manually.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 51

3.1.2 Measuring the Channel Power of Continuously Modulated Signals

The channel power measurement selectively measures the power of modulated
signals. Unlike a power meter that performs measurements over its entire frequency
range, the channel power measurement measures the power of a specific transmission
channel. Other signals in the frequency spectrum don't show in the results.

When measuring the spectrum within a channel, the R&S FSH uses a resolution
bandwidth that is small compared to the channel bandwidth. It then determines the
total power of the channel by integrating the results on the trace. The R&S FSH takes
the following parameters into account:

● display mode (absolute or relative)

● detector

● resolution bandwidth

That means that you can compare the result to the result that would have been
obtained from a thermal power meter. The small resolution bandwidth acts like a
narrow channel filter and so prevents out-of-channel emissions from affecting the
result.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Meas Mode" softkey.
► Select the "Channel Power" menu item.

The R&S FSH starts to measure the channel power.
By default, the 3GPP WCDMA standard is active. Two vertical lines show the

channel bandwidth.

Screen layout for channel power measurements

1 Standard
2 Channel bandwidth
3 Channel power numerical
4 Channel bandwidth graphical (blue lines)
5 Channel power measurement softkey menu

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 52

3.1.2.1 Selecting the Standard

If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications
standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in
the R&S FSH memory. However, you can create new configurations to perform
measurements on other standards as well.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Standard" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the standard.

► Select one of the available standards.
► Confirm the selection with the "Select" softkey.

The R&S FSH loads the configuration of the selected standard. It automatically
sets the optimal span, resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, sweep time and
detector for the standard.

If the measurement is not according to the selected standard anymore (e.g. if you
make changes to a parameter), the R&S FSH puts a red dot in front of the
standard display ( ).

You can create and edit standards with the R&S FSH4View software and transfer them
to the R&S FSH via the USB or the LAN interface. The number of standards the
R&S FSH can store in its memory depends on the number of other data sets stored on
the R&S FSH. For more information see "Managing Datasets" on page 29.

3.1.2.2 Setting the Reference Level

The reference level is the power level that the R&S FSH expects at the RF input. When
selecting the reference level, make sure that you do not overload the R&S FSH by
applying a signal whose power exeeds the maximum reference level.

As the power is measured with a small resolution bandwidth compared to the signal
bandwidth, it is still possible to overload the R&S FSH, even if the trace is within the
measurement diagram. To prevent an overload, perform the measurement with the
largest resolution bandwidth possible using the peak detector. If you set these
parameters, it is not possible for the trace to exceed the reference level.

To simplify operation and to prevent incorrect measurements, the R&S FSH has an
automatic routine for setting the reference level.

► Press the AMPT key.
► Press the "Level Adjust" softkey.

The R&S FSH performs a
measurement to determine the
optimal reference level.

It uses a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz, a video bandwidth of 1 MHz and the peak
detector. After finishing the automatic measurement, the R&S FSH sets the optimal
reference level.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 53

3.1.2.3 Setting the Channel Bandwidth

The channel bandwidth specifies the frequency range around the center frequency,
over which the R&S FSH performs the power measurement.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Chan BW" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to specify the channel bandwidth.

► Enter the channel bandwidth you need.

The R&S FSH sets the appropriate span for the channel bandwidth that you have
entered (span = 1.2 x channel bandwidth). This ensures that no incorrect channel
power measurements are made.

The minimum channel bandwidth that you can set is 833 Hz at a span of 1 kHz.

3.1.2.4 Changing the Span

Usually, the span the R&S FSH sets yields optimal results. But sometimes you also
need to see the spectrum outside the current span to detect other signal components
that you need to include in the measurement. Therefore, you can adjust the span to up
to ten times the channel bandwidth and hence still be able to see the spectrum outside
the measurement channel.

► Press the SPAN key.

In the default configuration, "Auto Span" is active. The R&S FSH automatically sets
the optimal span for the channel power measurement.

► Press the "Manual Span" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the span manually.

► Enter the span you need.

The largest possible span for the channel power measurement is ten times the
channel bandwidth. At larger spans, the result of the channel power measurement
would be increasingly imprecise, because too few points of the trace would be in
the channel you are measuring.

► Press the "Auto Span" softkey.

The R&S FSH again calculates the span automatically.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 54

3.1.2.5 Measuring the Maximum Channel Power

If signal levels fluctuate significantly, you can define the maximum channel power with
the Max Hold function.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Power Display" softkey.
► Select the "Max Hold" menu item.

The power display switches from "Power" to "Max Power".

If you want to deactivate the Max Hold function and return to the normal power display,
activate Clear/Write.

► To deactivate the Max Hold function, press the "Power Display" softkey.
► Select the "Clear/Write" menu item.

The power display returns to "Power" display.

3.1.2.6 Unit for Power Display

The R&S FSH can apply different units to the power output. The default unit is dBm.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Power Unit" softkey.
► Select the unit you want from the submenu.

The R&S FSH displays the power level in the selected unit.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 55

3.1.3 Measuring the Occupied Bandwidth

The proper operation of a transmission network requires that all transmitters adhere to
the bandwidths assigned to them. The occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth
that contains a specified percentage of the entire power of the transmitter.

Numerous standards require a occupied bandwidth of 99 %. Therefore this is the
default setting. If you need another percentage for the occupied bandwidth you can set
values from 10 % to 99.9 %.

After entering the channel bandwidth, the R&S FSH automatically selects the
measurement parameters so that you can attain the best result.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Meas Mode" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the measurement menu.

► Select the "Occupied BW" menu item.

The R&S FSH starts to measure the occupied bandwidth.
Two vertical lines show the occupied bandwidth.

Screen layout for the occupied bandwidth

1 Standard
2 Occupied bandwidth numerical
3 Channel bandwidth
4 Power percentage
5 Occupied bandwidth graphical (blue lines)
5 Occupied bandwidth measurement softkey menu

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 56

3.1.3.1 Selecting a Standard

If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications
standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in
the R&S FSH memory. However, you can create new configurations to perform
measurements on other standards as well.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Standard" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the standard.

► Select one of the available standards.
► Confirm the selection with the "Select" softkey.

The R&S FSH loads the configuration of the selected standard. It automatically
sets the optimal span, resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, sweep time and
detector for the standard.

You can create and edit standards with the R&S FSH4View software and transfer them
to the R&S FSH via the USB or the LAN interface. The number of standards the
R&S FSH can store in its memory depends on the number of other data sets stored on
the R&S FSH.

For more information see "Managing Datasets" on page 29.
If you make changes to the settings or create datasets, note that

● the span is always coupled to the channel bandwidth. Changes to either of those
automatically adjust the other (= 5 x channel bandwidth).

● the resolution bandwidth should be between 1 % and 4 % of the channel
bandwidth. This ensures that the occupied bandwidth is measured with high
accuracy.

● the video bandwidth must be at least three times the resolution bandwidth. This
prevents incorrect results due to the compression of signal peaks by the video
filter.

● you use the RMS detector if possible. This ensures that the power measurement is
always correct irrespective of the waveform being investigated.

● the sweep time must be set so that the result is stable. If you increase the sweep
time, the R&S FSH also increases the integration time for the RMS detector and
thus ensures more stable measured values.

3.1.3.2 Setting the Reference Level

The reference level is the power level that the R&S FSH expects at the RF input. When
selecting the reference level, make sure that you do not overload the R&S FSH by
applying a signal whose power exeeds the maximum reference level.

As the power is measured with a small resolution bandwidth compared to the signal
bandwidth, it is still possible to overload the R&S FSH, even if the trace is within the
measurement diagram.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 57

To prevent an overload, perform the measurement with the largest resolution
bandwidth possible using the peak detector. If you set these parameters, it is not
possible for the trace to exceed the reference level.

To simplify operation and to prevent incorrect measurements, the R&S FSH has an
automatic routine for setting the reference level.

► Press the AMPT key.
► Press the "Level Adjust" softkey.

The R&S FSH performs a measurement to determine the ideal reference level.
It uses a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz, a video bandwidth of 1 MHz and the peak

detector. After finishing the automatic measurement, the R&S FSH sets the ideal
reference level.

3.1.3.3 Setting the Channel Bandwidth

The channel bandwidth specifies the frequency range around the center frequency,
over which the R&S FSH performs the power measurement.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Chan BW" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to specify the channel bandwidth.

► Enter the channel bandwidth you need.

The R&S FSH sets the appropriate span for the channel bandwidth that you have
entered (span = 5 x channel bandwidth). This ensures that no incorrect channel
power measurements are made.

The minimum channel bandwidth that you can set is 2 kHz at a span of 1 kHz.

3.1.3.4 Defining the Percentage of Occupied Bandwidth

By default, the power percentage inside the occupied bandwidth is 99 %, a number
most standards require. If you measure standards that specify another power
percentage you can change that value.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "% Power BW" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the power percentage.

► Enter the power percentage you need.

The value you enter here is the power percentage that has to be inside the channel
bandwidth relative to the power over the total span (the percentage of the total
power).

The R&S FSH now displays the occupied bandwidth graphically in the trace
window and numerically above the trace window.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 58

3.1.3.5 Changing the Span

Usually, the span the R&S FSH sets yields optimal results. But sometimes you also
need to see the spectrum outside the current span to detect other signal components
that you need to include in the measurement. Therefore, you can adjust the span to up
to ten times the channel bandwidth and still be able to see the spectrum outside the
measurement channel.

► Press the SPAN key.

In the default configuration, "Auto Span" is active. The R&S FSH automatically sets
the optimal span for the channel power measurement.

► Press the "Manual Span" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the span manually.

► Enter the span you need.

The largest possible span for the channel power measurement is ten times the
channel bandwidth. At larger spans, the result of the channel power measurement
would be increasingly imprecise, because too few points of the trace occur in the
channel to be measured.

► Press the "Auto Span" softkey.

The R&S FSH again calculates the span automatically.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 59

3.1.4 Power Measurements on TDMA Signals

When TDMA (time division multiple access) methods are used, e.g. for GSM, several
users share a channel. Each user is assigned a period of time or timeslot. With the
TDMA power measurement, you can determine the power over one of the timeslots.

The TDMA power measurement is a measurement in the time domain (span = 0 Hz).
You can start it on an external or video trigger and specify the power measurement
time.

To prevent incorrect power measurements in the time domain, make sure that the
whole signal is within the selected resolution bandwidth. If the resolution bandwidth is
too small, the displayed power will be lower than the actual power.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Meas Mode" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the measurement menu.

► Select the "TDMA Power" menu item.

The R&S FSH starts to measure the TDMA power.
Two vertical lines define the measurement range.

Screen layout for TDMA power measurements

1 Standard
2 TDMA power
3 Measurement limits
4 Trigger delay
5 Trigger level
6 Measurement time
7 TDMA power measurement softkey menu

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 60

3.1.4.1 Selecting a Standard

If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications
standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in
the R&S FSH memory. When starting the measurement in the default configuration,
the R&S FSH automatically activates the GSM/EDGE standard. However, you can
create new configurations to perform measurements on other standards as well.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Standard" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the standard.

► Select one of the available standards.
► Confirm the selection with the "Select" softkey.

The R&S FSH loads the configuration of the selected standard. It automatically
sets the optimal settings for the selected standard.

You can create and edit standards with the R&S FSH4View software and transfer them
to the R&S FSH via the USB or the LAN interface. The number of standards the
R&S FSH can store in its memory depends on the number of other data sets stored on
the R&S FSH.

For more information see "Managing Datasets" on page 29.

3.1.4.2 Setting the Burst Length

The burst length is the measurement time that the R&S FSH performs measurements
with. The burst length can be equal or less than the sweep time.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Burst Length" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the burst length.
► Enter the length of the burst you need.

The R&S FSH performs the measurement over the time you have entered.
If the measurement time you have entered was greater than the sweep time, the

R&S FSH sets a burst length equal to the sweep time. To work with a greater burst
length, you have to increase the sweep time first.

The minimum burst length is the time corresponding to one trace pixel (= sweep
time / 631).

3.1.4.3 Setting the Reference Level

The reference level is the power level that the R&S FSH expects at the RF input. When
selecting the reference level, make sure that you do not overload the R&S FSH by
applying a signal whose power exeeds the maximum reference level.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 61

Because the resolution bandwidths of the R&S FSH are implemented digitally after the
A/D converter, the signal level at the A/D converter can be higher than the level
indicated by the trace, depending on the selected resolution bandwidth.

To prevent the A/D converter from being overloaded, the signal must be measured at
the widest resolution bandwidth and video bandwidth with the peak detector. The trace
maximum then determines the best reference level.

To simplify operation and to prevent incorrect measurements, the R&S FSH has an
automatic routine for setting the reference level.

► Press the AMPT key.
► Press the "Level Adjust" softkey.

The R&S FSH performs a measurement to determine the ideal reference level.
It uses a resolution bandwidth of 3 MHz, a video bandwidth of 3 MHz and the peak

detector. After finishing the automatic measurement, the R&S FSH sets the ideal
reference level.

3.1.4.4 Using a Trigger

Usually you will apply a trigger when measuring bursts.
If a trigger is active, the R&S FSH uses the video trigger for TDMA measurements by

default. The video trigger level is at 50 % of the range of the vertical axis but is
variable. This means, the R&S FSH triggers a measurement if the rising edge of the
burst exceeds this 50 % line.

If the DUT features some sort of trigger equipment, you can also use an external
trigger to trigger measurements.

► Connect the DUT trigger output to the R&S FSH trigger input.
► Press the SWEEP key.
► Press the "Trigger" softkey.
► Select either the "External Rise" or "External Fall" menu item (rising or falling

edge).
The R&S FSH activates the trigger and shows the results of the measurement.

It may be that the burst is not completely visible on the display. To correct that and
make the whole burst visible, you can set a trigger delay.

► Press the "Trigger" softkey.
► Select the "Trigger Delay" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the trigger delay.

► Adjust the trigger delay until the burst is visible inside the vertical lines that show

the measurement range.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 62

3.1.5 Measuring the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR)

The Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) measurement is a method to measure
the power over more than one transmission channel and also evaluate the power of
the adjacent (or alternate) channels of the transmission channel. The ACLR performs
measurements according to a specific channel configuration, e.g. a particular radio
communications standard.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Meas Mode" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the measurement menu.

► Select the "ACLR" menu item.

The R&S FSH starts to measure the adjacent channel leakage ratio.

In principle, the ACLR measurement works like the channel power measurement in
that it determines the spectrum within the channel using a resolution bandwidth that is
small compared to the channel bandwidth. In addition to the channel bandwidth, the
ACLR measurement is also defined by the channel spacing, the bandwidth of adjacent
channels and the adjacent channel spacing. The R&S FSH supports measurements on
up to 12 carrier channels and 12 adjacent channels to either side of the carrier. When
measuring more than one carrier or adjacent channels, the R&S FSH shows the
powers of each channel in a list below the marker list. The channel itself is marked by
red (transmission channels) or green (adjacent channels) vertical lines.

Screen Layout for ACLR measurements

1 Standard
2 Marker information
3 Limit check information
4 Channel information
5 TX channel (red line)
6 Adjacent channel (green line)
7 Alternate channels (green lines)
8 Marker (blue line)
9 ACLR softkey menu

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 63

The predefined standards are the same as for channel power measurements (3GPP
WCDMA, cdmaOne and CDMA2000 1x systems). However, you can also customize
the settings to set up the R&S FSH for other radio communication standards. You can
define the settings directly on the R&S FSH or define and manage them using the
R&S FSH4View software.

When customizing settings, make sure to consider the following points to get valid and
accurate measurement results:

● Reference level
Make sure not to overload the R&S FSH as the power is measured with a

resolution bandwidth that is small in comparison with the signal bandwidth. As with
Channel Power measurements, automatically set the reference to an optimal level
with the "Level Adjust" softkey.

● Setting the span
The frequency span must at least cover the carriers and the adjacent channels

plus a measurement margin of about 10 % to get valid results.
If the span is automatically calculated by the R&S FSH with the "Auto Span"

function, the span is calculated as follows:

(No. of transmission channels - 1) x transmission channel spacing +
2 x transmission channel bandwidth + measurement margin

with the measurement margin being approx. 10 % of the value obtained by adding
the channel spacing and the channel bandwidth.

Selecting the frequency span

If the frequency span is too large in comparison to the channel bandwidth (or the
adjacent-channel bandwidths) being examined, only a few points on the trace are
available per channel. This reduces the accuracy of the waveform calculation for the
channel filter used, which has a negative effect on the measurement accuracy. It is
therefore strongly recommended that the formulas mentioned be taken into
consideration when selecting the frequency span.

● Setting the resolution bandwidth:
The RBW should not be too high or too small to get both an acceptable

measurement speed and a suppression of spectral components outside the
channels. As a rule of thumb, it is recommended to set it to about 1 % to 4 % of the
channel bandwidth.

You can select a larger resolution bandwidth if the spectrum within the channel to
be measured and around it has a flat characteristic. In the standard setting, e.g. for
standard cdmaOne at an adjacent channel bandwidth of 30 kHz, a resolution
bandwidth of 30 kHz is used. This yields correct results since the spectrum in the
neighborhood of the adjacent channels normally has a constant level.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 64

For standard NADC/IS136 this would not be not possible, for example, since the
spectrum of the transmit signal penetrates into the adjacent channels and a too
large resolution bandwidth causes a too low selection of the channel filter. The
adjacent-channel power would thus be measured too high.

If the RBW is automatically calculated by the R&S FSH with the "Auto RBW"
function, the RBW is calculated as follows:

RBW ≤ 1/40 of channel bandwidth

The R&S FSH then selects the maximum possible resolution bandwidth resulting
from the available RBW steps (1, 3).

● Setting the video bandwidth
To obtain correct power measurements, the video signal must not be limited in

bandwidth. A restricted bandwidth of the logarithmic video signal would cause
signal averaging and thus result in a too low indication of the power (-2.51 dB at
very low video bandwidths). Therefore, the VBW should be at least three times the
resolution bandwidth.

If the VBW is automatically calculated by the R&S FSH with the "Auto VBW"
function, the VBW is calculated as follows:

VBW ≥ 3 x RBW

The R&S FSH then selects the smallest possible VBW with regard to the available
step size.

● Selecting the detector:
It is best to use the RMS detector. This detector correctly indicates the power

irrespective of the characteristics of the signal to be measured. The whole IF
envelope is used to calculate the power for each measurement point. The IF
envelope is digitized using a sampling frequency which is at least five times the
resolution bandwidth which has been selected. Based on the sample values, the
power is calculated for each measurement point using the following formula:







N

i

iRMS

s

N

P

1

2

1

with
si = linear digitized video voltage at the output of the A/D converter
N = number of A/D converter values per measurement point
P

RMS

= power represented by a measurement point

When the power has been calculated, the power units are converted into decibels
and the value is displayed as a measurement point.

In principle, the sample detector would be possible as well. Due to the limited
number of measurement points used to calculate the power in the channel, the
sample detector would yield less stable results.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 65

3.1.5.1 Selecting a Standard

If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications
standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in
the R&S FSH memory. Those predefined standards have already been set up to yield
the best results. However, the R&S FSH provides functionality to create new
configurations to perform measurements on other test setups as well.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Standard" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the standard.

► Select one of the available standards.
► Confirm the selection with the "Select" softkey.

The R&S FSH loads the configuration of the selected standard. It automatically
sets the optimal span, resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, sweep time and
detector for the standard.

You can create and edit standards with the R&S FSH4View software and transfer them
to the R&S FSH via the USB or the LAN interface. The number of standards the
R&S FSH can store in its memory depends on the number of other data sets stored on
the R&S FSH. For more information see "Managing Datasets" on page 29.

3.1.5.2 Configuring the Measurement

In addition to creating and editing standards with the R&S FSH4View software, the
R&S FSH also provides functionality to set up a measurement configuration.

Setting the number of transmission channels

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Channel Settings" softkey.
► Select the "Tx Channels" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the number of transmission channels.

► Enter the number of transmission channels you need for the measurement.

Setting the number of adjacent channels

► Press the "Channel Settings" softkey.
► Select the "Adj Channels" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the number of adjacent channels.

► Enter the number of adjacent / alternate channels you need for the measurement.

The borders of Tx channels are displayed red in the trace diagram, the borders of
adjacent and alternate channels are displayed green.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 66

Setting the channel bandwidth

The channel bandwidth specifies the frequency range around the center frequency,
over which the R&S FSH performs the power measurement.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Channel BW" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box
to specify the channel bandwidth
for all channels.

► Select the channel you want to

change the bandwidth for.

► Activate the input by pressing the

ENTER key.

► Enter the channel bandwidth you need.

The R&S FSH sets the appropriate span for the channel bandwidth that you have
entered according to the criteria desribed above. This ensures that no incorrect
channel power measurements are made.

The minimum channel bandwidth that you can set is 833 Hz at a span of 1 kHz.

Setting the channel spacing

In case of the R&S FSH, the channel spacing is defined as the distance between the
center frequency of the transmission channel and the center frequency to the next
transmission channel or the distance between the center frequency of the transmission
channel and the center frequency of the adjacent channel.

Specific channel spacing definitions

Note that some some radio communication standards, e.g. CDMA2000 DS / MC1 /
MC3 and IS95 B / C, IS97 B / C, IS98 B / C, define the channel spacing differently,
namely the distance from the center of the transmission channel to the closest border
of the adjacent channel. The R&S FSH does not consider these specifics. It always
regards the channel spacing as the distance between the center of a channel and the
center of its neighboring channel.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Channel Settings" softkey.
► Select the "Channel Spacing" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to define the spacings for all transmission
channels and adjacent / alternate channels.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 67

► Select the channel you want to

change the spacing for.

► Activate the input by pressing the

ENTER key.

► Enter the channel spacing you

need.
The R&S FSH now takes the new

values into account for future
measurements.

When performing measurements on multi-carrier signals, you can define the spacing of
the transmission (Tx) channels to one another. By default, the R&S FSH assumes
equal spacing between all Tx channels in the system. Therefore, the spacing you enter
for the first two Tx channels is automatically applied to all other Tx channels.

If you do measurements on systems with a different channel spacing for each Tx
channel, you can also set the channel spacing for each Tx channel separately by
entering the respective number in the fields.

If the spacings are not equal, the channel distribution according to the center frequency
is as follows:

● Odd number of TX channels
The middle TX channel is centered to center frequency.

● Even number of TX channels
The two TX channels in the middle are used to calculate the frequency between

those two channels. This frequency is aligned to the center frequency.

Adjacent or alternate channel spacing is also available for single-carrier
measurements. The R&S FSH can perform measurements on up to 12 adjacent
channels. Usually the first adjacent channel to the Tx channel is referred to as the
Adjacent Channel (ADJ). All others are called Alternate Channels (ALT1 to ALT11).

By default, the R&S FSH assumes that the distance of the adjacent channels to each
other is the same. In that case, you only have to enter the first spacing value. The
R&S FSH then calculates all higher adjacent channels from that value. If you change
the spacing of one of the higher channels, the R&S FSH only updates the channel
spacings above the one you have changed, but not those below.

So, for example, if you set the first adjacent channel spacing (ADJ) to 20 kHz, the
following spacings are 40 kHz (ALT1), 60 kHz (ALT2), 80 kHz (ALT3), 100 kHz (ALT4),
120 kHz (ALT5) and so on.

If you then change the spacing of the third alternate channel (ALT3) to 100 kHz, the
R&S FSH adjusts the alternate channels above the third one accordingly: 125 kHz
(ALT4), 150 kHz (ALT5) and so on.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 68

3.1.5.3 Normalization of Measurement Results

By default, the power of the channels and adjacent channels is displayed in the unit
dBm. It is also possible to display the power density of the signal to, for example,
measure the signal/noise power density or obtain the signal to noise ratio.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Channel Settings" softkey.
► Select the "Channel Pwr/Hz" menu item.

The R&S FSH activates normalization and switches the unit from dBm to dBm/Hz.
The channel power density in dBm/Hz corresponds to the power inside a

bandwidth of 1 Hz and is calculated as follows:

channel power density = channel power - log10(channel bandwidth)

3.1.5.4 Displaying Absolute and Relative Results

You can set up the result display to either show the absolute power of the adjacent
channels or the power relative to one of the transmission channels.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Power Display" softkey.
► Select either the "Absolute" menu item to display the absolute results or the

"Relative" menu item to display the power relative to one of the transmission
channels.

3.1.5.5 Selecting the Reference Channel

When determining relative power values for the adjacent channels, you can set a
specific transmission channel as the reference channel.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Channel Settings" softkey.
► Select the "ACLR Ref Setting" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens a another submenu to select the reference channel.

► Select the method of determining the reference channel.

The following methods are available:

- Tx Channel

Select a specific transmission channel by entering its number as the reference.

- Min Power Tx Channel

The channel with the lowest power level is the reference channel.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

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- Max Power Tx Channel

The channel with the highest power level is the reference channel.

- Lowest Highest Channel

The outer left-hand transmission channel is the reference channel for the lower
adjacent channels. The outer right-hand transmission channel is the reference
channel for the upper adjacent channels.

3.1.5.6 Setting and Checking the Limits

Limit checks in ACLR measurement mode are independent of limit line handling. You
can define a limit for each of the adjacent channels. Limits for adjacent channels can
be set either in absolute or relative terms.

Defining relative limits

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Channel Settings"

softkey.

► Select the "Channel Limit Relative"

menu item.
The R&S FSH opens a dialog box

to define the relative limits for each
adjacent channel.

► Select the channel you want to

define a limit for.

► Activate the input by pressing the "Select" softkey.

The channel turns green and the check box in the first column is marked.

► Enter the limit value you need.

The R&S FSH automatically activates the check flag, so that the limit is included in
future limit checks.

► To deactivate the limit check for a specific channel, move the cursor to the channel

in question with the rotary knob or the cursor keys and deselect it with the "Select"
softkey.

Defining absolute limits

► Press the "Channel Settings" softkey.
► Select the "Channel Limit Absolute" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to define the absolute limits for each adjacent
channel.

► The procedure of defining absolute limits is analogous to that of defining relative

limits.

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Performing a limit check

► Press the "Channel Settings" softkey.
► Select the "Check Channel Limits" menu item.

The R&S FSH automatically
performs limit checks.

The results of the limit check are displayed in the table above the trace. If a result
fails the limit check, it turns red and has a star (*) in front of its power level.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

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3.1.6 Measuring the Spectrum Emission Mask

The Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) measurement is a method to detect spurious
emissions or intermodulation products of a signal. When performing a SEM
measurement, the R&S FSH checks the signal against a spectral mask to see whether
the signal complies with a specific standard or not. Therefore, the R&S FSH provides
predefined spectrum emission masks for various telecomunications standards.

However, you can define your own spectral masks with the R&S FSH4View software to
perform measurements in frequency ranges other than the predefined ones. To learn
how to define Spectrum Emission Masks, refer to the R&S FSH4View manual.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Meas Mode" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the measurement menu.

► Select the "Spectrum Emission Mask" menu item.

The R&S FSH starts to measure the spectrum emission mask.

Note that the frequency range of the actual measurement depends on the start and
stop frequency you have set on the R&S FSH. Correct measurement results are
therefore only possible if the frequency ranges of the SEM are inside the current span
of the R&S FSH.

Screen Layout for the SEM measurement

1 Standard
2 Marker information
3 SEM list
4 Limit check result
5 Spectrum emission mask (red line)
6 Trace (yellow line)
7 Peak (P<x>) and normal markers (M<x> and D<x>) (blue line)
8 SEM softkey menu

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

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Markers in the SEM measurement

In addition to the normal marker functionality of the R&S FSH, the SEM measurement
provides special markers labeled P1 to Px.

The R&S FSH activates and positions these special markers automatically after
displaying the trace. Each of these markers marks the peak level in each SEM
subrange. Thus, the number of markers depends on the number of subranges defined
for the Spectrum Emission Mask and in turn depends on the standard you are
measuring against.

The numerical marker information (frequency and level) for these markers is part of the
SEM list.

Markers P1 to Px are fix and always remain on the peak level of the corresponding
subrange. If you'd like to analyze other locations on the trace, use normal marker and
deltamarker functionality. For more information see "Using Markers and Deltamarkers"
on page 116.

3.1.6.1 Selecting a Standard

If you need to perform measurements that are conform to a telecommunications
standard, you can activate one of the predefined standards that are already stored in
the R&S FSH memory. However, you can create new configurations to perform
measurements on other standards as well.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Standard" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to select the standard.

► Select one of the available standards.
► Confirm the selection with the "Select" softkey.

The R&S FSH loads the configuration of the selected standard. It automatically
sets the optimal span, resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, sweep time and
detector for the standard.

You can create and edit standards with the R&S FSH4View software and transfer them
to the R&S FSH via the USB or the LAN interface. The number of standards the
R&S FSH can store in its memory depends on the number of other data sets stored on
the R&S FSH.

For more information see "Managing Datasets" on page 29.

3.1.6.2 Optimizing Measurement Settings

After selecting the standard and applying the signal to the R&S FSH, you can optimize
measurement settings to avoid overloading the R&S FSH.

► Press the "Adjust Settings" softkey.

The R&S FSH performs a measurement to determine the ideal reference level ans
span..

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 73

3.1.6.3 Viewing the Results in a Table

You can add a table to the display that shows the measurement results in numerical
form.

► Press the MEAS key.

► Press the "View List" softkey.

The R&S FSH shows a list above
the trace diagram.

If the list contains more than four entries, you can scroll through the list with the
rotary knob or the cursor keys to see the other results. Note that scrolling works
only if there is no active input field.

The list contains the following information:

● Tx Power
Power level of the transmission channel.

● Tx Bandwidth
Bandwidth of the transmission channel.

● PASS / FAIL information
If the signal is within the limits of the spectral mask, the R&S FSH shows ,

if not it shows .

● Range [Hz]
Frequency range. The first number is the start frequency, the second number the

stop frequency of each defined frequency range. The character following the
number indicates the unit (k = kHz, M = MHz, G = GHz)

● RBW [Hz]
Resolution bandwidth the corresponding frequency range is measured with.

● Peak
Number of the peak marker (Px).

● Freq [Hz]
Frequency of the peak level that has been measured in each frequency range

● Power Abs
Absolute peak power in the corresponding frequency range.

● Power Rel
Relative peak power in relation to the channel power of the reference channel.

● Δ Limit
Minimum distance from the limit line to the trace in the corresponding frequency

range. Negative values or a zero indicate a passed SEM limit check, positive
values indicate a violation of the limit check.

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3.1.7 Measuring the Harmonic Distortion

The Harmonic Distortion measurement is an easy way to identify the harmonics of a
DUT. In addition to the graphic display of the harmonics, this measurement mode also
calculates the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and shows the results.

You can perform a Harmonic Distortion measurement in frequency sweep (span > 0)
and zero span mode (span = 0). When starting the measurement, the R&S FSH looks
for the first harmonic of the signal (= the highest signal) in the defined frequency range.
It then adjusts the frequency axis so that all harmonics are visible. In zero span mode,
the center frequency remains the same.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Meas Mode" softkey.
► Select the "Harmonic Distortion" menu item.

The R&S FSH starts to measure the harmonic distortion.

The search for harmonics starts as soon as you enter the Harmonic Distortion
measurement. Upon entering the measurement, the R&S FSH automatically adjusts
the settings in order to display the selected number of harmonics (default = 2) on the
screen.

Screen layout for the harmonic distortion measurement

1 Harmonics list
2 Total harmonic distortion in %
3 Total harmonic distortion in dB
4 Trace
5 Markers indicating harmonics (blue lines)
6 Harmonic distortion softkey menu

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3.1.7.1 Defining the Number of Harmonics

By default, the R&S FSH shows the signal and its first harmonic. Each harmonic is
indicated by a marker that the R&S FSH places on the harmonic (here M1 and M2).
Note that all of the markers that have been set are normal markers that show the
absolute frequency of the harmonic.

At the same time, the R&S FSH also calculates the values for the total harmonic
distortion (THD) and shows the results in a box above the trace diagram. The values
are output in % as well as dB.

If you want to see more than one harmonic, the R&S FSH can show up to six
harmonics.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Harmonics" softkey.
► Enter the number of harmonics you'd like to see.

3.1.7.2 Optimizing the Display of Harmonics

The R&S FSH places the markers on the other harmonics even if they are outside of
the display range.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Adjust Settings" softkey.

The R&S FSH performs a measurement to determine the ideal reference level,
frequency and span in order to display all harmonics.

3.1.7.3 Activating the Harmonics List

To see the exact frequency of the harmonic, you can activate the marker list that
shows the value for each harmonic or marker.

► Press the MKR key.
► Press the "View List" softkey.

The R&S FSH displays the marker list that contains the values for each harmonic.

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3.1.8 Measuring the AM Modulation Depth

The AM Modulation Depth measurement analyzes AM modulated signals and
calculates the modulation depth of the signal using the measurement results. Note that
the measurement works properly only if you apply an AM modulated signal.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Meas Mode" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the measurement menu.

► Select the "AM Modulation Depth" menu item.

The R&S FSH starts to measure the AM modulation depth.

After you have started the measurement, the R&S FSH places three markers on the
trace. The first marker is placed on the peak power level. The R&S FSH assumes that
position as the level of the carrier. The second and third markers are delta markers.
These are placed symmetrically on the adjacent peak values to the left and right of the
carrier.

Screen layout for the AM modulation depth measurement

1 Marker list
2 Modulation depth
3 Trace
4 Threshold line
5 Markers (blue lines)
6 AM modulation depth softkey menu

By default, delta marker 2 is active for editing. If you move the delta marker to another
position, the other delta marker will be moved by the same distance relative to the
normal marker. Note that this happens only if you move delta marker 2 (D2). When
moving delta marker 3 (D3), only this marker is repositioned.

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From the values of the markers, the R&S FSH then calculates the AM modulation
depth. The AM modulation depth is the ratio between the power values at the
reference marker and at the delta markers. When the powers of the two AM side bands
are not the same, the R&S FSH uses the mean value of the two sideband values.

If the R&S FSH is unable to find any AM modulated a carriers, it shows the message

.

3.1.8.1 Setting a Threshold

You can set a threshold that defines the minimum power level the signal must have. If
the power of the signal is below the threshold, the R&S FSH will not set the markers
and therefore will not calculate the modulation depth.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Threshold" softkey

The R&S FSH opens an input field to set the threshold.

► Enter the threshold value you need.

The threshold is represented as a horizontal blue line in the diagram area.

3.1.8.2 Optimizing the Settings

In order to get the best results, you can use the automatic adjustment routine that the
R&S FSH offers.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Adjust Settings" softkey.

The R&S FSH performs a sweep and repeats the peak search sequence for the
three markers.

3.1.8.3 Activating the Marker List

To see the exact frequency of the carrier and its sidebands, you can activate the
marker list that shows the value for each marker.

► Press the MKR key.
► Press the "View List" softkey.

The R&S FSH displays the marker list that contains the values for carrier and
sideband.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 78

3.1.9 Measuring Spurious Emissions

The Spurious Emission measurement is a tool to monitor unwanted emissions in the
frequency spectrum outside of an assigned channel (carrier). When performing a
Spurious Emission measurement, the R&S FSH checks the spectrum that you have
defined against a limit line to see whether the signal complies with a specific standard
or not.

Spurious Emission measurements are usually performed over a wide frequency
spectrum. To avoid long measurement times, the spectrum is split into several smaller
ranges. Each of those ranges has a different configuration (for example a different
RBW).

The Spurious Emission measurement available on the R&S FSH is designed for
measurements on category A 3GPP base stations with the appropriate configuration in
each measurement range.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Meas Mode" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the measurement menu.

► Select the "3GPP BTS Spurious Emission" menu item.
► Press the "Start Meas" softkey.

The R&S FSH starts the measurement.

Screen Layout for the Spurious Emission measurement

1 Result display
2 Limit check
3 List of spurious emissions
4 Limit line (red line)
5 Trace (yellow line)
6 Spurious Emission softkey menu

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Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 79

Note that the frequency range of the actual measurement depends on the start and
stop frequency you have set for the carrier. Correct measurement results are therefore
only possible if the frequency ranges of the measurement are inside the current span
of the R&S FSH.

Markers in the Spurious Emission measurement

In addition to the normal marker functionality of the R&S FSH, the Spurious Emission
measurement provides special markers labeled P1 to Px.

The R&S FSH activates and positions these special markers automatically after
displaying the trace. Each of these markers marks the peak level in each Spurious
Emission range.

The numerical marker information (frequency and level) for these markers is part of the
result table.

Markers P1 to P4 are fix and always remain on the peak level of the corresponding
subrange. If you'd like to analyze other locations on the trace, use normal marker and
deltamarker functionality. For more information see "Using Markers and Deltamarkers"
on page 116.

3.1.9.1 Defining the Channel Bandwidth

Several frequency bands have been defined for 3GPP transmissions. Depending on
the frequency band you are testing, you have to adjust the start and stop frequencies
of the carriers.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Carrier Start" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the lower frequency of the channel.

► Press the "Carrier Stop" softkey.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to define the upper frequency of the channel.

Note that the standard defines spurious emissions as transmission outside the
frequency band 12.5 MHz below the first carrier and 12.5 MHz above the last carrier.
Keep these values in mind when defining the start and stop frequencies of the carrier.

3.1.9.2 Viewing the Results in a Table

You can add a table to the display that shows the measurement results in numerical
form.

► Press the MEAS key.

► Press the "View List" softkey.

The R&S FSH shows a list above
the trace diagram.

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Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 80

The list contains information for each frequency range that the measurement covers.
Thus, the number of entries in the list depends on the overall frequency span you are
using for the measurement. The following ranges have been defined:

● 9 kHz to 150 kHz (with an RBW of 1 kHz)

● 150 kHz to 30 MHz (with an RBW of 10 kHz)

● 30 MHz to 1 GHz (with an RBW of 100 kHz)

● > 1 GHz (with an RBW of 1 MHz)

The spurious list contains the following information for each range.

● Frequency range
Start and stop frequencies of the range.

● RBW
Resolution bandwidth that the R&S FSH uses within that range.

● Peak Frequency
Frequency at which the peak power has been measured in a particular range.

● Peak Power
Peak power that has been measured in a particular range.

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3.1.10 Working with the Spectrogram Result Display (R&S FSH-K14/ -K15)

With option R&S FSH-K14 or R&S FSH-K15, you can view measurement results in a
spectrogram.

The spectrogram result display shows the spectral density of a signal in the frequency
domain and over time simultaneously.

Screen layout for the spectrogram

1 Result display
2 Marker and time line information
3 Spectrum result display (optional)
4 Marker/ delta marker (vertical lines)
5 Spectrogram
6 Time lines T1 and T2 (horizontal lines)
7 Scroll direction
8 Spectrogram softkey menu

Like other result displays, the horizontal axis represents the frequency span. The
vertical axis represents time. Time in the spectrogram runs chronologically from top to
bottom. Therefore, the top of the diagram is the present. A third dimension shows the
amplitude for each frequency by mapping different colors to every power level. The
result is therefore a two dimensional diagram.

The color the R&S FSH assigns to a power level that was measured depends on:

● the color table you have selected

● the spectrogram reference level

● the spectrogram level range

The spectrogram consists of horizontal lines, each one pixel high, that are called
frames. In the default state, a frame is added to the spectrogram after each sweep.
This means that the amount of data in a frame depends on the sweep time. As the
spectrogram in the R&S FSH runs from top to bottom, the outdated time line(s) move
down one position, so that the present frame is always on top of the diagram.
Therefore, the sequence of frames is chronological.

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Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 82

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Meas Mode" softkey.
► Select the "Spectrogram" menu item.

The R&S FSH starts the spectrogram result display.

By default, the spectrogram result display consists of two windows. The upper window
shows the measured spectrum as a trace line. The lower window shows the
measurement results in a spectrogram. The chronological information in the
spectrogram is restricted by the internal memory of the R&S FSH. The R&S FSH
stores 1024 frames or spectrums that have been measured in its memory. As the
height of the display is smaller, some of the data becomes invisible after a time.

3.1.10.1 Controlling the Spectrogram Update

The spectrogram starts running as soon as you enter the spectrogram mode, if you are
in continuous sweep mode. If you are in single sweep mode, the R&S FSH does not
add a line to the spectrogram until you initiate the next single sweep.

You can stop the update of the spectrogram in continuous sweep mode.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Hold" softkey.

Note that in continuous sweep mode the measurement in the spectrum result
display does not stop. The trace in the upper window still updates continuously.
Only the spectrogram view stops.

► Press the "Hold" softkey again.

The R&S FSH resumes updating the spectrogram.

The spectrogram result display is filled with results until you change a measurement
setting. As soon as a setting is changed, the spectrogram clears and starts to fill again.

You can also clear the spectrogram manually.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Clear" softkey.

3.1.10.2 Browsing Through the Signal History

There are two ways to view parts of the measurement result history that have moved
outside the visible area of the spectrogram.

► Press the MEAS key.
► Press the "Spectrogram Settings" softkey.
► Select the "[ ] Spectrogram Full Screen" menu item.

The R&S FSH now uses the full diagram area of the screen for the spectrogram.
The number of lines in the spectrogram and therefore the displayed time period
more than doubles.

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Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 83

► The "Spectrogram Full Screen" menu item is marked by an [X].
It may, however, be necessary that the spectrum result display is still visible to

evaluate measurement results. For this purpose, the spectrogram has an (invisible)
scrollbar that you can use to scroll up and down the spectrogram to the frame that
you'd like to see.

Scrolling through the spectrogram

Turn the rotary knob or use the UP and DOWN cursor keys whenever you are viewing
the spectrogram.

The R&S FSH scrolls through the spectrogram history.
Note that this is only possible as long as no input field or menu is active. To resume

the spectrogram scroll function in this case,

► Press the CANCEL key
► Use the rotary knob or the UP and DOWN cursor keys again.

The R&S FSH resumes scrolling through the spectrogram history.

The symbols on the right side of the spectrogram indicate the position of the
spectrogram part currently displayed on the screen:

● A single down arrow in the right lower corner of the spectrogram indicates that the
uppermost frame still represents the most recently recorded trace.

● Two arrows (one up, one down) indicate that the spectrogram area displayed is
somewhere in the middle of the available history.

● A single up arrow in the upper right corner of the spectrogram indicates that the
lowest line of the spectrogram represents the end of the history buffer.

3.1.10.3 Configuring the Display

As colors are an important part of the spectrogram, the R&S FSH offers various ways
to customize the display for best viewing results.

The first and most obvious way to configure the display is to select a different color
scheme.

► Press the "Spectrogram Settings" softkey.
► Select the "Spectrogram Color Table" menu.

The R&S FSH opens a submenu that contains several color schemes.

● Default

● Green-Yellow

● Green-Blue

● Black-White

● Red-Purple

● Blue-Black

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The following examples are based on the green-yellow color scheme.
► Select the color scheme you are most comfortable with.

The R&S FSH adjusts the screen colors according to your selection.
It is possible that the color distribution is not ideal in the current configuration. You

have two ways to set things straight.
By cutting the reference level, you can eliminate amplitudes from the color map

that are not part of the signal.
Example: By default, the spectrogram reference level is 30 dBm.

That means that signal parts with
an amplitude of 30 dBm would be
yellow in the spectrogram, and
signal parts with a very small
amplitude would be dark green.
Everything in between is a shade
of the colors between. As the
colors are distributed over a very
large range (about a 150 dBm or
more), it is likely that you can not
distinguish details in the signal you
have measured.

Therefore you should adjust the color map to the overall shape of the signal you
are measuring. Let's say, for example, that the signal has an amplitude range of
about 30 dB with the maximum amplitude at about -60 dBm and the minimum
amplitude at about -100 dBm and the Green-Yellow color scheme. With the default
settings, the spectrogram is made up exclusively of green colors and it's not easy
to distinguish amplitude levels. That's because the yellow color shades are
completely out of range.

To get a better result, change the spectrogram reference level to a level near the
maximum power level that has been measured first.

► Press the "Spectrogram Settings" softkey.
► Select the "Spectrogram Reference Level" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to enter the spectrogram reference level.
The reference level should be near the maximum level that has been measured

while the spectrogram was running. In the example, the reference level should be
at about -60 dBm.

► Enter the reference level you need.

The R&S FSH now shifts the reference level of the spectrogram to the value you
have entered.

Note that the spectrogram reference level does not affect the spectrum result
display, as well as the spectrum reference level ("Amplitude" menu) does not affect
the spectrogram. In the screenshot the spectrum trace is therefore exactly the
same as in the previous picture.

R&S FSH Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Performing Spectrum Measurements

Operating Manual 1173.6275.12 - 30 85

The result however, still does not
show signal differences in detail.
The only thing that happened is
that the colors have shifted, in the
example to yellow, because the
color that corresponds to the
reference level has shifted from
green to yellow. All other colors
that are part of the color scheme
are still unused, because the
spectrogram level range is still the
same (150 dB).

► Press the "Spectrogram Settings" softkey.
► Select the "Spectrogram Level Range" menu item.

The R&S FSH opens an input field to enter the spectrogram level range.
In the example, the level range of the signal is from about -60 dBm to about

-100 dBm.

► Therefore set the level range to

40 dB to get the whole signal.
As the level range is now adjusted,

the R&S FSH is able to map its
complete color range to the level
range of the signal.

This means that signal parts with a
low amplitude are in a shade of
green while signal parts with a
high amplitude are yellow.

The best way to display a spectrogram is therefore to reduce the level range until
the lowest signal part is mapped to the lower end of the color map and the highest
signal part to the upper end of the color map.

In a last step you can configure the spectrogram in a way that it only shows signal
peaks in color and the noise floor in black. To get a result like that you have to
reduce the level range, until the noise floor is outside the displayed range.