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Rohde&Schwarz FPS-K84, FPS-K85 User Manual

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Page 1
R&S®FPS-84/-K85 1xEV-DO Measurements
User Manual
1176.8545.02 ─ 04
User Manual
Test & Measurement
Page 2
This manual applies to the following R&S®FPS models with firmware version 1.50 and higher:
●
R&S®FPS4 (1319.2008K04)
●
R&S®FPS7 (1319.2008K07)
●
R&S®FPS13 (1319.2008K13)
●
R&S®FPS30 (1319.2008K30)
●
R&S®FPS40 (1319.2008K40)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S FPS-K84 (1321.4179.02)
●
R&S FPS-K85 (1321.4185.02)
The software contained in this product uses several valuable open source software packages. For information, see the "Open Source Acknowledgment" on the user documentation CD-ROM (included in delivery). Rohde & Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing.
© 2017 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0 Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164 Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding. R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of their owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FPS is abbreviated as R&S FPS.
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R&S®FPS-84/-K85
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 7
1.1 About this Manual......................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Typographical Conventions.........................................................................................8
2 Welcome to the 1xEV-DO Applications................................................9
2.1 Starting the 1xEV-DO Applications........................................................................... 10
2.2 Understanding the Display Information....................................................................11
3 Measurements and Result Displays...................................................13
3.1 Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................... 13
3.2 RF Measurements....................................................................................................... 32
4 Measurement Basics........................................................................... 41

Contents

Contents
4.1 Slots and Sets............................................................................................................. 41
4.2 Scrambling via PN Offsets and Long Codes............................................................ 42
4.3 Synchronization (MS application only)..................................................................... 43
4.4 Channel Detection and Channel Types.....................................................................44
4.5 Subtypes...................................................................................................................... 48
4.6 Multicarrier Mode........................................................................................................ 49
4.7 Code Mapping and Branches.....................................................................................49
4.8 Code Display and Sort Order..................................................................................... 50
4.9 Test Setup for 1xEV-DO Base Station or Mobile Station Tests.............................. 51
4.10 CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode........................................................ 53
5 I/Q Data Import and Export..................................................................56
5.1 Import/Export Functions............................................................................................ 56
6 Configuration........................................................................................59
6.1 Result Display............................................................................................................. 59
6.2 Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................... 60
6.3 RF Measurements....................................................................................................... 93
7 Analysis.............................................................................................. 101
7.1 Code Domain Analysis Settings (BTS Application)...............................................101
7.2 Code Domain Analysis Settings (MS Application).................................................102
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7.3 Evaluation Range (BTS Application).......................................................................105
7.4 Evaluation Range (MS Application).........................................................................107
7.5 Channel Table Configuration................................................................................... 109
7.6 Traces.........................................................................................................................109
7.7 Markers...................................................................................................................... 110
8 Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement....................... 116
8.1 Error Messages......................................................................................................... 116
9 How to Perform Measurements in 1xEV-DO Applications............. 117
10 Measurement Examples.................................................................... 121
10.1 Meas 1: Measuring the Signal Channel Power.......................................................121
10.2 Meas 2: Measuring the Spectrum Emission Mask................................................. 123
10.3 Meas 3: Measuring the Relative Code Domain Power and Frequency Error...... 124
Contents
10.4 Meas 4: Measuring the Triggered Relative Code Domain Power......................... 126
10.5 Meas 5: Measuring the Composite EVM................................................................. 129
10.6 Meas 6: Measuring the Peak Code Domain Error and the RHO Factor............... 130
11 Remote Commands for 1xEV-DO Measurements........................... 133
11.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 133
11.2 Common Suffixes......................................................................................................138
11.3 Activating the Measurement Channel..................................................................... 138
11.4 Selecting a Measurement......................................................................................... 142
11.5 Configuring Code Domain Analysis........................................................................143
11.6 Configuring RF Measurements................................................................................182
11.7 Configuring the Result Display................................................................................185
11.8 Starting a Measurement........................................................................................... 194
11.9 Retrieving Results.....................................................................................................199
11.10 General Analysis....................................................................................................... 217
11.11 Importing and Exporting I/Q Data and Results...................................................... 228
11.12 Configuring the Slave Application Data Range (MSRA mode only).....................230
11.13 Querying the Status Registers.................................................................................232
11.14 Deprecated Commands............................................................................................ 235
Annex.................................................................................................. 238
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A Annex.................................................................................................. 238
A.1 Predefined Channel Tables...................................................................................... 238
A.2 Channel Type Characteristics..................................................................................241
A.3 Reference: Supported Bandclasses........................................................................242
A.4 I/Q Data File Format (iq-tar)......................................................................................243
Contents
List of Remote Commands (1xEV-DO).............................................250
Index....................................................................................................254
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R&S®FPS-84/-K85
Contents
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R&S®FPS-84/-K85

1 Preface

Preface
About this Manual

1.1 About this Manual

This User Manual provides all the information specific to the 1xEV-DO applications. All general instrument functions and settings common to all applications and operating modes are described in the main R&S FPS User Manual.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the 1xEV-DO Measurements Application
Introduction to and getting familiar with the application
●
Measurements and Result Displays
Details on supported measurements and their result types
●
Measurement Basics
Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the mea­surement
●
Configuration + Analysis
A concise description of all functions and settings available to configure measure­ments and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command
●
I/Q Data Import and Export
Description of general functions to import and export raw I/Q (measurement) data
●
Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement
Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the test setup
●
How to Perform Measurements in 1xEV-DO Applications
The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step-by-step instructions for more complex tasks or alternative methods
●
Measurement Examples
Detailed measurement examples to guide you through typical measurement sce­narios and allow you to try out the application immediately
●
Remote Commands for 1xEV-DO Measurements
Remote commands required to configure and perform 1xEV-DO measurements in a remote environment, sorted by tasks (Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks on the instrument are provided in the main R&S FPS User Manual) Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually be executed directly for test purposes
●
Annex
Reference material
●
List of remote commands
Alpahabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
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Preface
Typographical Conventions

1.2 Typographical Conventions

The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface ele­ments"
KEYS Key names are written in capital letters.
File names, commands, program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by quotation marks.
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distin­guished by their font.
tion marks.
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R&S®FPS-84/-K85

2 Welcome to the 1xEV-DO Applications

Welcome to the 1xEV-DO Applications
The 1xEV-DO options are firmware applications that add functionality to the R&S FPS to perform measurements on downlink or uplink signals according to the 1xEV-DO standard.
R&S FPS-K84 performs Base Transceiver Station (BTS) measurements on forward link signals on the basis of the 3GPP2 Standard (Third Generation Partnership Project
2).
R&S FPS-K85 performs Mobile Station (MS) measurements on reverse link signals on the basis of the 3GPP2 Standard (Third Generation Partnership Project 2).
The 1xEV-DO BTS application firmware is based on the "cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification" of version C.S0024 v.3.0 dated December 2001 and the "Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Access Network" of version C.S0032-0 v.1.0 dated December 2001.
These standard documents are published as TIA 856 (IS-856) and TIA 864 (IS-864), respectively.The application firmware supports code domain measurements on 1xEV­DO signals. This code domain power analyzer provides the following analyses, among others: Code Domain Power, Channel Occupancy Table, EVM, Frequency Error and RHO Factor.
In the BTS application, all four channel types (PILOT, MAC, PREAMBLE and DATA) are supported and the modulation types in the DATA channel type are detected auto­matically. The signals to be measured may contain different modulation types or pre­amble lengths in each slot, thus making it possible to perform measurements on base stations while operation is in progress.
In the MS application, all 5 channel types (PICH, RRI, DATA, ACK and DRC) as well as TRAFFIC and ACCESS operating mode are supported. Owing to their time struc­ture, the signals are analyzed on half-slot basis.
In addition to the code domain measurements described in the 1xEV-DO standard, the 1xEV-DO applications feature measurements in the spectral range such as channel power, adjacent channel power, occupied bandwidth and spectrum emission mask with predefined settings.
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum appli­cation and are described in the R&S FPS User Manual. The latest version is available for download at the product homepage
http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FPS.html.
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the R&S FPS Getting Started manual or in the Release Notes.
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Welcome to the 1xEV-DO Applications
Starting the 1xEV-DO Applications

2.1 Starting the 1xEV-DO Applications

The 1xEV-DO measurements require special applications on the R&S FPS.
Manual operation via an external monitor and mouse
Although the R&S FPS does not have a built-in display, it is possible to operate it inter­actively in manual mode using a graphical user interface with an external monitor and a mouse connected.
It is recommended that you use the manual mode initially to get familiar with the instru­ment and its functions before using it in pure remote mode. Thus, this document describes in detail how to operate the instrument manually using an external monitor and mouse. The remote commands are described in the second part of the document.
For details on manual operation see the R&S FPS Getting Started manual.
To activate the 1xEV-DO applications
1. Select the MODE key. A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FPS.
2. Select the "1xEV-DO BTS" or "1xEV-DO MS" item.
The R&S FPS opens a new measurement channel for the 1xEV-DO application.
The measurement is started immediately with the default settings. It can be configured in the 1xEV-DO "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the "Over­view" softkey from any menu (see Chapter 6.2.1, "Configuration Overview", on page 61).
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which deter­mines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be acti­vated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same application.
The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the avail­able memory on the instrument.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecu­tively, a Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are per­formed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is indicated by a
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
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Welcome to the 1xEV-DO Applications
Understanding the Display Information
are updated in the tabs (as well as the "MultiView") as the measurements are per­formed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FPS User Manual.

2.2 Understanding the Display Information

The following figure shows a measurement diagram during a 1xEV-DO BTS measure­ment. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
(The basic screen elements are identical for 1xEV-DO MS measurements:)
1
= Channel bar for firmware and measurement settings
2+3 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information 4 = Diagram area with marker information 5 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on measurement 6 = Instrument status bar with error messages, progress bar and date/time display
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, additional tabs and elements are available. A colored back­ground of the screen behind the measurement channel tabs indicates that you are in MSRA operating mode. RF measurements are not available in MSRA operating mode.
For details on the MSRA operating mode see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
Channel bar information
In 1xEV-DO applications, the R&S FPS shows the following settings:
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Welcome to the 1xEV-DO Applications
Understanding the Display Information
Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in 1xEV-DO applications
Ref Level Reference level
Freq Center frequency for the RF signal
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Channel Channel number (code number and spreading factor)
(Half-)Slot (Half-) Slot number (see Chapter 4.1, "Slots and Sets", on page 41)
Power Ref Reference used for power results
Subtype Subtype of the used transmission standard
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is dis­played only when applicable for the current measurement. For details see the R&S FPS Getting Started manual.
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
Figure 2-1: Window title bar information in 1xEV-DO applications
1 = Window number 2 = Window type 3 = Trace color 4 = Trace number 5 = Detector
Diagram footer information
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the following information, depend­ing on the evaluation:
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation is displayed in the status bar.
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R&S®FPS-84/-K85

3 Measurements and Result Displays

Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
The 1xEV-DO applications provide several different measurements for signals accord­ing to the 1xEV-DO standard. The main and default measurement is Code Domain Analysis. In addition to the code domain power measurements specified by the 1xEV­DO standard, the 1xEV-DO applications offer measurements with predefined settings in the frequency domain, e.g. RF power measurements.
For details on selecting measurements see "Selecting the measurement type" on page 59.
Evaluation methods
The captured and processed data for each measurement can be evaluated with vari­ous different methods. All evaluation methods available for the selected 1xEV-DO measurement are displayed in the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode.
The evaluation methods for CDA are described in Chapter 3.1.2, "Evaluation Methods
for Code Domain Analysis", on page 18.
● Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................13
● RF Measurements...................................................................................................32

3.1 Code Domain Analysis

Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Code Domain Analyzer"
The 1xEV-DO firmware applications feature a Code Domain Analyzer. It can be used used to perform the measurements required in the 1xEV–DO specification concerning the power of the different codes. In addition, the modulation quality (EVM and RHO factors), frequency error and trigger–to–frame time, and also peak code domain error are determined. Constellation analyses and bit stream analyses are similarly available. The calculation of the timing and phase offsets of the channels for the first active chan­nel can be enabled. The observation period can be adjusted in multiples of the slot.
Basically, the firmware differentiates between the following result classes for the evalu­ations:
●
Results which take the overall signal into account over the whole observation period (all slots)
●
Results that take a channel type (such as MAC) into account over the whole period of observation
●
Results that take a channel type (such as MAC) into account over a slot
●
Results that take a code in a channel type (such as MAC) into account over the whole period of observation
●
Results that take a code in a channel type (such as MAC) into account over a slot
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Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Remote command:
CONF:CDP:MEAS CDP, see CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement on page 142
● Code Domain Parameters.......................................................................................14
● Evaluation Methods for Code Domain Analysis......................................................18

3.1.1 Code Domain Parameters

In Code Domain Analysis, three different types of parameters describe the measured signals:
●
Global parameters for the current set
●
Parameters for a specific set and slot
●
Parameters for a specific channel
All parameters are described in detail in the tables below, including the parameters used for settings or results in SCPI commands (see Chapter 11, "Remote Commands
for 1xEV-DO Measurements", on page 133).
Global Parameters
The following parameters refer to the total signal (that is, all channels) for the entire period of observation (that is, all slots):
Table 3-1: Global code domain power parameters
Parameter SCPI Parame-
ter
Active Channels ACTive Specifies the number of active channels found in the signal.
Description
Detected data channels as well as special channels are regarded as active.
Carrier Frequency Error
Chip Rate Error CERRor The chip rate error (1.2288 Mcps) in ppm. A large chip rate error
Composite Data Power
Delta RRI/PICH DRPich MS application (subtype 0/1) only:
FERRor FERPpm
CODPower MS application (subtype 2/3) only:
The frequency error referred to the center frequency of the R&S FPS. The absolute frequency error is the sum of the fre­quency error of the R&S FPS and that of the device under test. Frequency differences between the transmitter and receiver of more than 1.0 kHz impair synchronization of the Code Domain Power measurement. If at all possible, the transmitter and the receiver should be synchronized.
The frequency error is available in the units Hz or ppm referred to the carrier frequency.
results in symbol errors and, therefore, in possible synchronization errors for Code Domain Power measurements. This parameter is also valid if the R&S FPS could not synchronize to the 1xEV-DO signal.
Power of composite data channel
Delta RRI/PICH in dB
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Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Parameter SCPI Parame-
ter
Rho Data RHOData BTS application only:
Rho MAC RHOMac BTS application only:
Rho Overall RHOVerall MS application only:
Rho Overall-1,2 RHO1
RHO2
Rho Pilot RHOPilot BTS application only:
Trigger to Frame TFRame Reflects the time offset from the beginning of the captured signal
Description
RHO over all half-slots for the DATA area
RHO over all slots for the MAC area
RHO over all half-slots
BTS application only:
RHO the half–slot limit
RHO the quarter–slot limit
RHO over all slots for the PILOT area
section to the start of the first slot. In case of triggered data acqui­sition, this corresponds to the timing offset:
timing offset = frame trigger (+ trigger offset) – start of first slot
If it was not possible to synchronize the R&S FPS to the 1xEV-DO signal, this measurement result is meaningless. For the "Free Run" trigger mode, dashes are displayed ('9' in remote com­mands).
over all slots over all chips with averaging starting at
overall–1
over all slots over all chips with averaging starting at
overall–2
Slot or Half-Slot Parameters
The following parameters refer to the total signal (that is, all channels) for the selected slot or half-slot.
Table 3-2: Code domain power parameters for a specific (half-)slot
Parameter SCPI Param-
eter
Active Data Chs DACTive Number of active Data channels
Active MAC Chs MACTive Number of active MAC channels
Composite EVM MACCuracy The difference between the measured signal and the ideal refer-
Data Mode Type DMTYpe BTS application only:
IQ Imbalance IQIMbalance IQ imbalance of the signal in %.
IQ Offset IQOFfset IQ offset of the signal in %.
Description
ence signal in percent. For further details refer to "Composite EVM" on page 23.
Modulation type in the DATA channel type: 2 = QPSK 3 = 8-PSK 4 = 16-QAM 10 = 64 QAM
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Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Parameter SCPI Param-
eter
Max. Inactive Power MAC
Max. Power Data PDMax Maximum power level in Data channel
Min. Power Data PDMin Minimum power level in Data channel
Peak CDE PCDerror Peak code domain error in dB
Power Data PDATa Power in the Data channel in dBm
Power MAC PMAC Power in the MAC channel in dBm
Power Pilot PPILot
Power Preamble PPReamble Power in the PREAMBLE channel in dBm
Preamable Length PLENgth Length of preamble in chips
IPMMax Maximum power level in inactive MAC channels, relative to the
PPICh
Description
absolute power of the MAC channel, in dB. This is the highest value from the I- and Q-branch of the inactive
MAC channels.
This is the highest value of the I and Q-branch of the Data channel.
This is the lowest value of the I and Q-branch of the Data channel.
Power of the pilot channel in dBm BTS application: power of the PICH channel
RHO RHO Quality parameter RHO. According to the 1xEV-DO standard, RHO
is the normalized, correlated power between the measured and the ideal reference signal. When RHO is measured, the 1xEV-DO stan­dard requires that only the pilot channel be supplied.
RRI Power PRRI Power of the RRI channel in dBm
Slot SLOT Slot number
Total Power PTOTal Total power of the signal in dBm.
Channel Parameters
The following parameters refer to a specific channel.
Table 3-3: Channel-specific parameters
Parameter SCPI Parame-
ter
Channel Pwr Rel CDPRelative Relative (dB) power of the channel (refers either to the pilot channel or
Channel Pwr Abs CDPabsolute Absolute (dBm) power of the channel
(Walsh)Chan­nel.SF
CHANnel SFACtor
Description
the total power of the signal)
Channel number including the spreading factor
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Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Parameter SCPI Parame-
ter
Channel Type
Code Class
Code Number
Composite Data EVM
Composite Data Modu...
Mapping
CDERms CDEPeak
CODMulation MS application only:
Description
Channel type BTS application:
●
0 = PICH
●
1 = RRI
●
2 = DATA
●
3 = ACK
●
4 = DRC
●
5 = INACTIVE
Code class of the channel (See Table 11-3 and Table 11-4)
Code number within the channel (0 to <SF>-1)
MS application only:
RMS or peak value of EVM (error vector magnitude) of composite data channel
Modulation type and selected branch of the composite data channel
MS application only:
Modulation type including mapping: 0 = I branch 1 = Q branch 2 = I and Q branch
Modulation Type MTYPe BTS application only:
Modulation type including mapping: 0 = BPSK-I 1 = BPSK-Q 2 = QPSK 3 = 8-PSK 4 = 16-QAM 5 = 2BPSK (Modulation types QPSK/8-PSK/16-QAM have complex values.)
Phase Offset POFFset Phase offset between the selected channel and the pilot channel
If enabled (see "Timing and phase offset calculation " on page 102), the maximum value of the phase offset is displayed together with the associated channel in the last two lines. Since the phase offset values of each active channel can be either negative or positive, the absolute values are compared and the maximum is displayed with the original sign. '9' for:
●
CDP:TPM OFF
●
> 50 active channels found
●
inactive channel
Symbol EVM EVMRms
EVMPeak
RMS or Peak value of the symbol EVM measurement result For further details refer to "Symbol EVM" on page 30.
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Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Parameter SCPI Parame-
ter
Symbol Rate SRATe Symbol rate in ksps with which symbols are transmitted
Timing Offset TOFFset Timing offset between the selected channel and the pilot channel

3.1.2 Evaluation Methods for Code Domain Analysis

Description
If enabled (see "Timing and phase offset calculation " on page 102), the maximum value of the timing offset is displayed together with the associated channel in the last two lines. Since the timing offset values of each active channel can be either negative or positive, the absolute values are compared and the maximum is displayed with the original sign. '9' for:
●
CDP:TPM OFF
●
> 50 active channels found
●
inactive channel
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
The captured I/Q data can be evaluated using various different methods without having to start a new measurement. All evaluation methods available for the selected 1xEV­DO measurement are displayed in the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode.
The selected evaluation not only affects the result display, but also the results of the trace data query (see Chapter 11.9.3, "Measurement Results for TRACe<n>[:DATA]?
TRACE<n>", on page 204).
The Code Domain Analyzer provides the following evaluation methods for measure­ments in the code domain:
Bitstream.......................................................................................................................19
BTS Channel Results....................................................................................................19
Channel Table...............................................................................................................20
Code Domain Power / Code Domain Error Power........................................................20
Composite Constellation............................................................................................... 22
Composite Data Bitstream (MS application only)..........................................................22
Composite Data Constellation (MS application only).................................................... 23
Composite EVM............................................................................................................ 23
General Results (BTS application only)........................................................................ 24
Mag Error vs Chip......................................................................................................... 25
Peak Code Domain Error..............................................................................................25
Phase Error vs Chip......................................................................................................26
Power vs Chip (BTS application only)...........................................................................27
Power vs Halfslot (MS application only)........................................................................28
Power vs Symbol.......................................................................................................... 28
Result Summary (MS application only)......................................................................... 29
Symbol Constellation.................................................................................................... 30
Symbol EVM................................................................................................................. 30
Symbol Magnitude Error............................................................................................... 31
Symbol Phase Error......................................................................................................32
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Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Bitstream
The "Bitstream" evaluation displays the demodulated bits of a selected channel over a selected slot.
All bits that are part of inactive channels are marked as being invalid using dashes.
Figure 3-1: Bitstream result display in the BTS application
To select a specific symbol press the MKR key. If you enter a number, the marker jumps to the selected symbol. If there are more symbols than the screen is capable of displaying, use the marker to scroll inside the list.
The number of symbols per slot depends on the spreading factor (symbol rate) and the antenna diversity. The number of bits per symbol depends on the modulation type.
For details see Chapter A.2, "Channel Type Characteristics", on page 241. Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, 'BITS', see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
BTS Channel Results
In the BTS application the result summary is divided into two different evaluations:
●
Channel and code-specific results
●
General results for the set and slot (see "General Results (BTS application only)" on page 24)
The Channel Results show the data of various measurements in numerical form for a specific channel.
Figure 3-2: Channel results summary
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Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
For details on the individual parameters see Chapter 3.1.1, "Code Domain Parame-
ters", on page 14.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CRES, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
Channel Table
The "Channel Table" evaluation displays the detected channels and the results of the code domain power measurement over the selected slot. The analysis results for all channels are displayed.
Figure 3-3: Channel Table display in the BTS application
For details on the individual parameters see Chapter 3.1.1, "Code Domain Parame-
ters", on page 14.
The channels that must be available in the signal to be analyzed and any other control channels are displayed first.
The data channels that are contained in the signal are displayed last. If the type of a channel can be fully recognized, based on pilot sequences or modula-
tion type, the type is indicated in the table. The channels are in descending order according to symbol rates and, within a symbol
rate, in ascending order according to the channel numbers. Therefore, the inactive codes are always displayed at the end of the table (if "Show inactive channels" is enabled, see Chapter 7.5, "Channel Table Configuration", on page 109.
Which parameters are displayed in the Channel Table is configurable, see Chapter 7.5,
"Channel Table Configuration", on page 109.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CTABle, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
Code Domain Power / Code Domain Error Power
The "Code Domain Power" evaluation shows the power of all possible code channels in the total signal over the selected slot for the selected branch.
"Code Domain Error Power" is the difference in power between the measured and the ideal signal.
The x-axis represents the channel (code) number, which corresponds to the base spreading factor. The y-axis is a logarithmic level axis that shows the (error) power of each channel. With the error power, both active and inactive channels can be evalu­ated at a glance.
Both evaluations support either Hadamard or BitReverse code sorting order (see
Chapter 4.8, "Code Display and Sort Order", on page 50).
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Figure 3-4: Code Domain Power Display in the BTS application
Figure 3-5: Code Domain Error Power result display
Active and inactive data channels are defined via the Inactive Channel Threshold. The power values of the active and inactive channels are shown in different colors.
Table 3-4: Assignment of colors in CDEP result display
Color Usage
Red Selected channel (code number)
Yellow Active channel
Green Inactive channel
Light blue Alias power of higher spreading factor
Magenta Alias power as a result of transmit diversity
Remote command:
CDP:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDPower, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? CDP or CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? CDPR; see
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
CDEP:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDEPower, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199.
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Code Domain Analysis
Composite Constellation
In "Composite Constellation" evaluation the constellation points of the 1536 chips are displayed for the specified slot. This data is determined inside the DSP even before the channel search. Thus, it is not possible to assign constellation points to channels. The constellation points are displayed normalized with respect to the total power.
Figure 3-6: Composite Constellation display in the BTS application
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CCON, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
Composite Data Bitstream (MS application only)
This result display is only available in the MS application for subtypes 2 or 3. The Composite Data Bitstream provides information on the demodulated bits for the
special composite data channel and selected half-slot, regardless of which channel is selected.
Figure 3-7: Composite Data Bitstream result display
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The number of displayed symbols depends on the spreading factor, see Chapter A.2,
"Channel Type Characteristics", on page 241.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
Composite Data Constellation (MS application only)
This result display is only available in the MS application for subtypes 2 or 3. The Composite Data Constellation shows the channel constellation of the modulated
composite data signal at symbol level. The results are displayed for the special compo­site data channel, regardless of which channel is selected.
Figure 3-8: Composite Data Constellation result display
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDC, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
Composite EVM
This result display measures the modulation accuracy. It determines the error vector magnitude (EVM) over the total signal. The EVM is the root of the ratio of the mean error power (root mean square) to the power of an ideally generated reference signal. Thus, the EVM is shown in %. The diagram consists of a composite EVM for each slot.
The measurement evaluates the total signal over the entire period of observation. The selected slot is highlighted red. You can set the number of slots in the "Signal Capture" settings (see "Number of Slots" on page 81).
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Code Domain Analysis
Figure 3-9: Composite EVM result display
Only the channels detected as being active are used to generate the ideal reference signal. If a channel is not detected as being active, e.g. on account of low power, the difference between the test signal and the reference signal and therefore the compo­site EVM is very large. Distortions also occur if unassigned codes are wrongly given the status of "active channel". To obtain reliable measurement results, select an ade­quate channel threshold via the "Inactive Channel Threshold" on page 84 setting.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CEVM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? MACCuracy; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:
FUNCtion:CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
General Results (BTS application only)
In the BTS application the result summary is divided into two different evaluations:
●
Channel and code-specific results (see "BTS Channel Results" on page 19)
●
General results for the set and slot
The General Results show the data of various measurements in numerical form for all channels in all slots in a specific set.
Figure 3-10: General results summary
For details on the individual parameters see Chapter 3.1.1, "Code Domain Parame-
ters", on page 14.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, GRES, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
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Code Domain Analysis
Mag Error vs Chip
The Magnitude Error versus chip display shows the magnitude error for all chips of the selected slot.
The magnitude error is calculated as the difference of the magnitude of the received signal to the magnitude of the reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from the channel configuration of all active channels. The magnitude error is related to the square root of the mean power of reference signal and given in percent.
Where:
MAG
k
s
k
x
k
k Index number of the evaluated chip
N Number of chips at each CPICH slot
n Index number for mean power calculation of reference signal
Figure 3-11: Magnitude Error vs Chip display for 1xEV-DO BTS measurements
Magnitude error of chip number k
Complex chip value of received signal
Complex chip value of reference signal
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MECHip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Peak Code Domain Error
The Peak Code Domain Error is defined as the maximum value for the Code Domain
Power / Code Domain Error Power for all codes. Thus, the error between the measure-
ment signal and the ideal reference signal is projected onto the code domain at a spe­cific base spreading factor. In the diagram, each bar of the x-axis represents one slot. The y-axis represents the error power.
The measurement evaluates the total signal over the entire period of observation. The currently selected slot is highlighted red.
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Code Domain Analysis
You can select the Number of Sets and the number of evaluated slots in the Signal Capture settings (see Chapter 6.2.6, "Signal Capture (Data Acquisition)", on page 80).
MS application: the error is calculated only for the selected branch (I or Q).
Figure 3-12: Peak Code Domain Error display in the BTS application
Note: Only the channels detected as being active are used to generate the ideal refer­ence signal. If a channel is not detected as being active, e.g. on account of low power, the difference between the test signal and the reference signal is very large. The result display therefore shows a peak code domain error that is too high. Distortions also occur if unassigned codes are wrongly given the status of "active channel". To obtain reliable measurement results, select an adequate channel threshold via the Inactive
Channel Threshold setting.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PCDerror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? PCDerror; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:
FUNCtion:CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
Phase Error vs Chip
Phase Error vs Chip activates the phase error versus chip display. The phase error is displayed for all chips of the selected slot.
The phase error is calculated by the difference of the phase of received signal and phase of reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from the channel configu­ration of all active channels. The phase error is given in degrees in a range of +180° to
-180°.
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Figure 3-13: Calculating the magnitude, phase and vector error per chip
Where:
PHI
k
s
k
x
k
k Index number of the evaluated chip
N Number of chips at each CPICH slot
φ(x) Phase calculation of a complex value
Phase error of chip number k
Complex chip value of received signal
Complex chip value of reference signal
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PECHip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Power vs Chip (BTS application only)
This result display shows the power for all chips in a specific slot. Therefore, a trace consists of 2048 power values.
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Code Domain Analysis
The measurement evaluates the total signal over a single slot in the selected branch. The selected slot is highlighted red.
Figure 3-14: Power vs Chip result display
Due to the symmetric structure of the 1xEV-DO forward link signal, it is easy to identify which channel types in the slot have power.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PVChip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
Power vs Halfslot (MS application only)
This result display shows the power of the selected channel over all half-slots.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PHSLot, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
Power vs Symbol
The "Power vs. Symbol" evaluation calculates the absolute power in dBm for each symbol in the selected channel and the selected (half-)slot.
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Figure 3-15: Power vs Symbol result display
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PSYMbol, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
Result Summary (MS application only)
The "Result Summary" evaluation displays a list of measurement results on the screen. For details on the displayed values see Chapter 3.1.1, "Code Domain Parameters", on page 14.
Note: BTS application. In the BTS application the result summary is divided into two different evaluations:
●
Channel and code-specific results (see "BTS Channel Results" on page 19)
●
General results for the set and slot (see "General Results (BTS application only)" on page 24)
The Result Summary shows the data of various measurements in numerical form for all channels.
Figure 3-16: Result Summary display in the MS application
The Result Summary is divided into three parts:
●
General results for the selected set
●
Slot results for the selected half-slot
●
Channel results for the selected channel
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Code Domain Analysis
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, RSUMmary, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES?; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
Symbol Constellation
The "Symbol Constellation" evaluation shows all modulated symbols of the selected channel and the selected slot.
The BTS application supports BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM and 64QAM modulation types. The modulation type itself depends on the channel type. Refer to Chapter A.2,
"Channel Type Characteristics", on page 241 for further information.
Note: QPSK constellation points are located on the diagonals (not x and y-axis) of the constellation diagram. BPSK constellation points are always on the x-axis.
Figure 3-17: Symbol Constellation display in the BTS application
The number of symbols is in the range from 1 to 100, depending on the symbol rate of the channel (see Chapter A.2, "Channel Type Characteristics", on page 241).
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SCONst, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
Symbol EVM
The "Symbol EVM" evaluation shows the error between the measured signal and the ideal reference signal in percent for the selected channel and the selected slot. A trace over all symbols of a slot is drawn.
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Figure 3-18: Symbol EVM display in the BTS application
The number of symbols is in the range from 1 to 100, depending on the symbol rate of the channel (see Chapter A.2, "Channel Type Characteristics", on page 241).
Inactive channels can be measured, but the result is meaningless since these chan­nels do not contain data.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SEVM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 199
Symbol Magnitude Error
The Symbol Magnitude Error is calculated analogous to symbol EVM. The result is one symbol magnitude error value for each symbol of the slot of a special channel. Positive values of symbol magnitude error indicate a symbol magnitude that is larger than the expected ideal value. Negative symbol magnitude errors indicate a symbol magnitude that is less than the expected ideal value. The symbol magnitude error is the difference between the magnitude of the received symbol and that of the reference symbol, rela­ted to the magnitude of the reference symbol.
Figure 3-19: Symbol Magnitude Error display for 1xEV-DO BTS measurements
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SMERror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
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Symbol Phase Error
The Symbol Phase Error is calculated analogous to symbol EVM. The result is one symbol phase error value for each symbol of the slot of a special channel. Positive val­ues of symbol phase error indicate a symbol phase that is larger than the expected ideal value. Negative symbol phase errors indicate a symbol phase that is less than the expected ideal value.
Figure 3-20: Symbol Phase Error display for 1xEV-DO BTS measurements
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SPERror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>

3.2 RF Measurements

Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
In addition to the Code Domain Analysis measurements, the 1xEV-DO firmware appli­cations also provide some RF measurements as defined in the 1xEV-DO standard. RF measurements are identical to the corresponding measurements in the base unit, but configured according to the requirements of the 1xEV-DO standard.
For details on these measurements see the R&S FPS User Manual.

3.2.1 RF Measurement Types and Results

The 1xEV-DO applications provide the following RF measurements:
Power vs Time (BTS application only).......................................................................... 32
Power............................................................................................................................33
Channel Power ACLR...................................................................................................34
Spectrum Emission Mask..............................................................................................35
Occupied Bandwidth..................................................................................................... 36
CCDF............................................................................................................................ 37
Power vs Time (BTS application only) Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Power vs Time"
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RF Measurements
The Power vs Time measurement examines a specified number of half slots. Up to 36 half slots can be captured and processed simultaneously. That means that for a stan­dard measurement of 100 half slots only three data captures are necessary. After the data has been captured, the R&S FPS averages the measured values and compares the results to the emission envelope mask.
This measurement is required by the standard for the "Emission Envelope Mask". It is only available in the BTS application.
The Power vs Time diagram displays the averaged power values versus time and the results of the limit checks.
Limit check indicates the overall result of all limit checks. PVTFU / PVTIU indicates the upper limit check. PVTFL / PVTIL indicates the lower limit check.
Figure 3-21: Power vs Time measurement results in the 1xEV-DO BTS application
Remote command: CONF:CDP:MEAS PVT, see CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement on page 142 Querying results:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:PVTime:LIST:RESult? on page 216
Power Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Power"
The Power measurement determines the 1xEV-DO signal channel power. To do so, the 1xEV-DO application performs a Channel Power measurement as in the
Spectrum application with settings according to the 1xEV-DO standard. The bandwidth and the associated channel power are displayed in the Result Summary.
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Figure 3-22: Power measurement results in the 1xEV-DO BTS application
Remote command: CONF:CDP:MEAS POW, see CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement on page 142 Querying results: CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? CPOW, see CALCulate<n>:
MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 214
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 214
Channel Power ACLR Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Channel Power ACLR"
Channel Power ACLR performs an adjacent channel power measurement in the default setting according to 1xEV-DO specifications (adjacent channel leakage ratio).
The R&S FPS measures the channel power and the relative power of the adjacent channels and of the alternate channels. The results are displayed in the Result Sum­mary.
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Figure 3-23: ACLR measurement results in the 1xEV-DO BTS application
Remote command: CONF:CDP:MEAS ACLR, see CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement on page 142 Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 214
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 214
Spectrum Emission Mask Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Spectrum Emission Mask"
The Spectrum Emission Mask measurement determines the power of the 1xEV-DO signal in defined offsets from the carrier and compares the power values with a spec­tral mask specified by the 1xEV-DO specifications. The limits depend on the selected bandclass.Thus, the performance of the DUT can be tested and the emissions and their distance to the limit be identified.
Note: The 1xEV-DO standard does not distinguish between spurious and spectral emissions.
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Figure 3-24: SEM measurement results in the 1xEV-DO BTS application
Remote command: CONF:CDP:MEAS ESP, see CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement on page 142 Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? CPOW, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 214
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 214 CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:FAIL? on page 213
Occupied Bandwidth Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "OBW"
The Occupied Bandwidth measurement determines the bandwidth in which – in default settings - 99 % of the total signal power is to be found. The percentage of the signal power to be included in the bandwidth measurement can be changed.
The occupied bandwidth (Occ BW) and the frequency markers are displayed in the marker table.
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Figure 3-25: OBW measurement results in the 1xEV-DO BTS application
Remote command: CONF:CDP:MEAS OBAN, see CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement on page 142 Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? OBW, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 214
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 214
CCDF Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "CCDF"
The CCDF measurement determines the distribution of the signal amplitudes (comple­mentary cumulative distribution function). The CCDF and the Crest factor are dis­played. For the purposes of this measurement, a signal section of user-definable length is recorded continuously in the zero span, and the distribution of the signal amplitudes is evaluated.
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Figure 3-26: CCDF measurement results in the 1xEV-DO BTS application
Remote command: CONF:CDP:MEAS CCDF, see CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement on page 142 Querying results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 202
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 214
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 214 CALCulate<n>:STATistics:RESult<t>? on page 216

3.2.2 Evaluation Methods for RF Measurements

Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
The evaluation methods for RF measurements are identical to those in the Spectrum application.
Diagram ........................................................................................................................38
Result Summary ...........................................................................................................39
Marker Table ................................................................................................................39
Marker Peak List .......................................................................................................... 39
Evaluation List...............................................................................................................40
Diagram
Displays a basic level vs. frequency or level vs. time diagram of the measured data to evaluate the results graphically. This is the default evaluation method. Which data is displayed in the diagram depends on the "Trace" settings. Scaling for the y-axis can be configured.
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Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, DIAG, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 Results:
Result Summary
Result summaries provide the results of specific measurement functions in a table for numerical evaluation. The contents of the result summary vary depending on the selected measurement function. See the description of the individual measurement functions for details.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, RSUM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers. This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly (see " Marker Table Dis-
play " on page 113).
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 220 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 202
Marker Peak List
The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum or time domain. How many peaks are displayed can be defined, as well as the sort order. In addition, the detected peaks can be indicated in the diagram. The peak list can also be exported to a file for analysis in an external application.
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Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PEAK, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187 Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 220 CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 202
Evaluation List
Displays the averaged, maximum and minimim values and the measurement range for the current measurement.
Remote command: LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH,LEV, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 187
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4 Measurement Basics

Measurement Basics
Slots and Sets
The R&S FPS 1xEV-DO applications perform measurements according to the "cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data" standard, which is generally referred to as 1xEV­DO (First EVolution Data Only).
1xEV-DO® was specified by 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project 2). The fol­lowing link provides access to 3GPP2 specifications:
http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/index.cfm
The 1xEV-DO standard was developed from the cdma2000 standard, which in turn was an extension of cdmaOne (IS 95). All these standards are based on the same RF parameters, thus the RF measurements of cdma2000 and 1xEV-DO are identical. In the code domain, however, cdma2000 and 1xEV-DO are not compatible: The chips for 1xEV-DO are assigned chronologically one after the other to the different channel types. Furthermore, in the DATA channel type, 8-PSK and 16-QAM modulation meth­ods are used in addition to QPSK. With cdma2000, only BPSK and QPSK modulation methods are used. Finally, a slot is always assigned to precisely one mobile station with 1xEV-DO, whereas with cdma2000, several mobile stations communicate with the base station simultaneously.
Some background knowledge on basic terms and principles used in 1xEV-DO tests and measurements is provided here for a better understanding of the required configu­ration settings.
● Slots and Sets.........................................................................................................41
● Scrambling via PN Offsets and Long Codes...........................................................42
● Synchronization (MS application only)....................................................................43
● Channel Detection and Channel Types.................................................................. 44
● Subtypes................................................................................................................. 48
● Multicarrier Mode.................................................................................................... 49
● Code Mapping and Branches..................................................................................49
● Code Display and Sort Order..................................................................................50
● Test Setup for 1xEV-DO Base Station or Mobile Station Tests.............................. 51
● CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode......................................................53

4.1 Slots and Sets

The "cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data" standard was defined for packet-oriented data transmission. The user data is transmitted in individual data packages, each of which can have different transmission settings such as the power level. The data in one such package is called a slot. In the 1xEV-DO standard, a slot is a basic time unit of 1.666 ms duration and corresponds to the expression "power control group" (PCG) in cdma2000. Each slot consists of two half-slots with identical structures. Each half-slot contains 1024 chips, which are distributed as shown below according to the different channel types.
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Measurement Basics
Scrambling via PN Offsets and Long Codes
Figure 4-1: Slot structure, chip distribution and preamble lengths in 1xEV-DO BTS application
The 1xEV-DO applications can capture up to 48000 slots (about 80 seconds) in a sin­gle sweep. To improve performance during measurement and analysis, the R&S FPS 1xEV-DO Measurements application does not process the captured slots all at once, but rather in sets, one at a time. One set usually consists of 32 slots in the BTS appli­cation, and 64 slots in the MS application. You can select how many sets are captured, and which set is currently analyzed and displayed. The possible capture range is from 1 to a maximum of 1500 (BTS application) or 810 (MS application) sets.

4.2 Scrambling via PN Offsets and Long Codes

Short code scrambling
Base stations use a pseudo noise (PN) sequence (also referred to as short code
sequence) to scramble the data during transmission. The used PN sequence is circula­ted in fixed time intervals. A specified PN offset value determines the start phase for the short code sequence.
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Synchronization (MS application only)
The PN parameter is unique for each base station. Thus, the 1xEV-DO BTS applica­tion can distinguish the signals from different base stations quickly, if both of the follow­ing conditions apply:
●
Tthe "PN Offset" is defined in the signal description
●
An external trigger is used to provide a reference for the start phase
If no offset is specified or no external trigger is available, calculation is much slower as the correct PN must be determined from all possible positions.
During short code scrambling, the channel data is split up into I and Q components.
Long code scrambling
Mobile stations also use a PN short code, but with a fixed or no offset. Additionally, a
complex long code is used for scrambling, making the data less susceptible to inter­ference. The long code used by a mobile station is defined by a mask on either branch. The 1xEV-DO MS application requires these masks to distinguish the senders. The masks are defined in the signal description.
During long code scrambling, the channel data is mapped either to the I or to the Q branch of the complex input signal.

4.3 Synchronization (MS application only)

The 1xEV-DO MS application has two synchronization stages: the frame synchroniza­tion (detection of the first chip of the frame) and the rough frequency/phase synchroni­zation. For the frame synchronization, different methods are implemented. Two meth­ods use the known sequence of a pilot channel (Pilot or Auxiliary Pilot); a third does not require a pilot channel. The frequency/phase synchronization always requires a pilot channel (Pilot or Auxiliary Pilot). Synchronization is usually only successful if both frame and frequency/phase synchronization were performed correctly.
Auto synchronization
Using auto synchronization mode, the following modes are tried sequentially until syn­chronization was successful. If none of the methods were successful, a failed synchro­nization is reported. If the result of the correlation methods (sync on Pilot and Auxiliary Pilot) becomes increasingly worse (due to bad power conditions), the non-data-aided synchronization works optimally. In this case, synchronization should be successful.
Pilot synchronization
For frame synchronization, this method uses the correlation characteristic of the known pilot channel (i.e. pilot channel sequence = spreading code including scrambling sequence). The correlation must be calculated for all hypotheses of the scrambling code (32768; for external triggers only 2048) to get the correct peak at the frame start. This correlation method can fail if the power of the underlying pilot channel is too low compared to the total power. In this case, the expected correlation peak is hidden by the upcoming auto-correlation noise of the bad hypothesis.
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Channel Detection and Channel Types
The frequency/phase synchronization also takes advantage of the known linear phase of the pilot channel.
Auxiliary pilot synchronization
Similar to synchronization on pilot, but with the different known sequence (= spreading code) of the auxiliary pilot channel. The benefits and problems of this approach are therefore identical to the synchronization on pilot. This mode is useful if the signal does not contain a pilot channel.
Channel power synchronization
This frame synchronization method does not require a pilot channel because it ana­lyzes the power of any specified channel (currently code 3 with spreading factor 4, which is the data channel 2). Again the channel power must be calculated for all hypotheses of the scrambling code (32768; for external triggers only 2048). Only for the correct position the result is low (inactive channel) or high (active channel) in con­trast to the wrong hypothesis. Obviously, a small band exists for which no power drop or peak is detected, if the power of the tested channel is nearly equal to the noise of the other hypotheses (from total signal).
The frequency/phase synchronization works in the same way as for the methods above with the difference that here, both pilot channels are tried consecutively.

4.4 Channel Detection and Channel Types

The 1xEV-DO applications provide two basic methods of detecting active channels:
●
Automatic search using pilot sequences
The application performs an automatic search for active channels throughout the entire code domain. At the specific codes at which channels can be expected, the application detects an active channel if the corresponding symbol rate and a suffi­ciently high power level is measured (see "Inactive Channel Threshold" on page 84). Any channel that does not have a predefined channel number and symbol rate is considered to be a data channel. In the MS application, a channel is considered to be active if a minimum signal/ noise ratio is maintained within the channel.
●
Comparison with predefined channel tables
The input signal is compared to a predefined channel table. All channels that are included in the predefined channel table are considered to be active. For a list of predefined channel tables provided by the 1xEV-DO applications, see
Chapter A.1, "Predefined Channel Tables", on page 238.
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Channel Detection and Channel Types
Quasi-inactive channels in the MS application
In the MS application, only one branch in the code domain is analyzed at a time (see also Chapter 4.7, "Code Mapping and Branches", on page 49). However, even if the code on the analyzed branch is inactive, the code with the same number on the other branch can belong to an active channel. In this case, the channel is indicated as
quasi-inactive in the current branch evaluation.

4.4.1 BTS Channel Types

The 1xEV-DO standard defines the BTS channel types. 1xEV-DO forward link signals contain 4 channel types which are sent exclusively at specific times (see also Fig-
ure 4-1):
●
PILOT: The PILOT channel type comprises 96 chips and is located in the center of each half-slot. It must be available in the signal for the base station signal to be detected. In the PILOT channel type, only the 0.32 channel on the I branch is active. With spreading factor 32, the BPSK-I and, hypothetically, BPSK-Q modula­tion are used. Hypothetically because no signal should exist on the Q branch.
●
MAC: The Medium Access Control channel type is 64 chips in front of and behind the PILOT. The MAC channel type contains the reverse activity (RA) channel and the MAC reverse power control (RPC) channels with which the power of the active terminals is controlled. The MAC indices described in the standard MAC can be transformed into Walsh codes very easily. The analysis for the MAC channel type is performed with spreading factor 64. BPSK-I and BPSK-Q modulation are used.
●
DATA: The DATA channel type is located with a length of up to 400 chips at the beginning and end of each half slot. The useful data is transmitted in it. As shown in Figure 4-1, there are packets that transmit their data distributed over 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 slots, depending on the transmission rate. Initially, a PREAMBLE range is trans­mitted, being between 64 and 1024 chips long - followed by the data. If more than one slot is required for transmission, the other data of this data packet follows at intervals of four slots, then without another preamble. In the DATA channel type, QPSK, 8-PSK and 16-QAM modulation types are used. Analysis is performed with a spreading factor of 16.
●
PREAMBLE: The first 64 to 1024 chips of the DATA channel type are replaced by the PREAMBLE channel type at the beginning of a data packet. Depending on the transmission speeds being used and whether the start of data of the packet is missed, preambles of different length can be in the signal. The application firmware detects the preambles automatically. If the PREAMBLE channel type is examined and no preamble is found in the signal, this is indicated by the message "PREAM­BLE MISSING" (see Chapter 8.1, "Error Messages", on page 116. Spreading fac­tor 32 is used for analysis of the PREAMBLE channel type as for the PILOT chan­nel type. Again, only a BPSK-I modulated channel should occur, but with variable code number.
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Channel Detection and Channel Types

4.4.2 MS Channel Types

The following channel types can be detected in 1xEV-DO MS signals by the 1xEV-DO MS application.
Table 4-1: Channel types in 1xEV-DO MS signals
Channel type
PICH 0.16 I Reverse Pilot Channel
RRI 0.16 I Reverse Rate Indicator
DATA 2.4 Q Reverse Data Channel
ACK 4.8 I Reverse Acknowledgment Channel
DRC 8.16 Q Reverse Data Rate Control Channel
Ch.no / SF
Mapping Description
If the RRI and the PICH channel types are active, it is assumed that for the first 256 chips (1/4 of the half slot, 1/8 of the entire slot) only the RRI and then the PICH is active in this half slot. If only the PICH is active (RRI activity 0), the PICH is active for the entire 1024 chips of the half slot.
Operating Modes - Access and Traffic
In the MS application, there are two operating modes for transmission: Access mode and Traffic mode.
The following diagrams show the possible channels together with their position on the I and Q branch, the possible orientation in time and the gain.
The ACCESS mode initiates and controls the data transmission between the mobile station and the base station. In Access mode, only the Reverse Pilot Channel (PICH) and the Reverse Data Channel (DATA) are used.
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Channel Detection and Channel Types
Figure 4-2: 1xEV-DO MS channels in ACCESS mode
Once the transmission has been established, the TRAFFIC mode takes over. The Traf­fic mode contains all five channels listed in Table 4-1.
The RRI takes up the first 256 chips of the first half slot and shares its code with the PICH. The ACK is always just one half slot in length. The DRC is a multiple of slots in length and offset by one half slot.
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Subtypes
Figure 4-3: 1xEV-DO MS channels in TRAFFIC mode

4.5 Subtypes

The 1xEV-DO standard includes various subtypes of the protocol for the physical layer. In subtype 2, the number of active users increases. This affects the used traffic chan­nel MAC, and the spreading factor (number of orthogonal codes) doubles for channel types MAC and PREAMBLE.
In subtype 2 the following modulation types are added within some of the MAC chan­nels in the BTS application:
●
ON/OFF keying ACK on the I branch (OOKA-I)
●
ON/OFF keying ACK on the Q branch (OOKA-Q)
●
ON/OFF keying NACK on the I branch (OOKN-I)
●
ON/OFF keying NACK on the Q branch (OOKN-Q)
If the 2 bits within an ON/OFF keying modulation are identical, the modulation cannot be recognized as an ON/OFF keying modulation. If both bits contain '1' (ON), the mod­ulation is identical to a BPSK and is recognized as BPSK. If both bits contain '0' (OFF) there is no power within that code and slot and therefore no modulation is detected. If the evaluation is set to "MAPPING COMPLEX", the separate I and Q branch detection within the result summary is no longer selected. The modulation type is a 2BPSK with the coding number 5 via remote.
In the MS application, as of subtype 2, the new modulation types B4, Q4, Q2, Q4Q2 and E4E2 are supported.
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Code Mapping and Branches
In both R&S FPS 1xEV-DO Measurements applications, a special multicarrier mode is available (see below) and channels using the new modulation types can be detected.
As of subtype 3, the additional modulation type 64QAM can be used. For BTS signals, the MAC RA channel occupies a variable code number and the preamble occupies the I- and the Q-branch.

4.6 Multicarrier Mode

The 1xEV-DO applications can filter out and analyze one carrier out of a multicarrier signal, if a special multicarrier mode is activated in the signal description.
Two filter types used to select the required carrier from the signal are available for selection: a low-pass filter and an RRC filter.
By default, the low-pass filter is active. The low-pass filter affects the quality of the measured signal compared to a measurement without a filter. The frequency response of the low-pass filter is shown below.
Figure 4-4: Frequency response of the low-pass multicarrier filter
The RRC filter comes with an integrated Hamming window. The roll-off factor of the RRC filter defines the slope of the filter curve and therefore the excess bandwidth of the filter. The cut-off frequency of the RRC filter is the frequency at which the passband of the filter begins. Both parameters can be configured.

4.7 Code Mapping and Branches

Since 1xEV-DO signals use long code scrambling, the channel data is mapped either to the I or to the Q branch of the complex input signal. During channel detection, the branch to which the data was mapped is determined and indicated in the channel table. During analysis, each branch of the symbol constellation area (imaginary part, I, or real part, Q) can be evaluated independently. Thus, when analyzing signals, you
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Code Display and Sort Order
must define which branch results you want to analyze. Especially for code power mea­surements the results can vary considerably. While a channel can be active on one branch, the other branch can belong to an inactive channel.
For BTS signals, the complex data (i.e. both branches simultaneously) can be ana­lyzed as well.

4.8 Code Display and Sort Order

In the result displays that refer to codes, the currently selected code is highlighted in the diagram. You select a code by entering a code number in the "Evaluation Range" settings.
By default, codes are displayed in ascending order of the code number (Hadamard order). The currently selected code number is highlighted.
In 1xEV-DO signals, the codes that belong to the same channel need not lie next to each other in the code domain, they can be distributed. All codes that belong to the same channel are highlighted in light green.
In the 1xEV-DO BTS signals, each of the four channel types occurs at a specific time within each slot. Thus, instead of selecting a code, you can also select which channel type to evaluate and display directly. By default, the Pilot channel as the first in the slot is evaluated.
In 1xEV-DO MS signals, the sort order of the codes can be changed so that codes that belong to the same channel are displayed next to each other (Bit-Reverse sorting).
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Test Setup for 1xEV-DO Base Station or Mobile Station Tests

Example: Example for Hadamard order
With Hadamard sorting, the following code order is displayed (the Pilot channel is selected):
Figure 4-5: Code Domain Error Power result display in Hadamard code sorting order
The same results in Bit-Reverse order:
Figure 4-6: Code Domain Error Power result display in BitReverse code sorting order
For the display in the 1xEV-DO BTS application, the scale for code-based diagrams displays 32 codes.
For the display in the 1xEV-DO MS application, the scale for code-based diagrams dis­plays 16 codes.
4.9 Test Setup for 1xEV-DO Base Station or Mobile Sta­tion Tests
Before a 1xEV-DO measurement can be performed, the R&S FPS must be set up in a test environment. This section describes the required settings of the R&S FPS if it is used as a 1xEV-DO base or mobile station tester. Before starting the measurements, you must supply the R&S FPS with power and configure it correctly, as described in the R&S FPS Getting Started manual, "Preparing For Use". Furthermore, the applica­tion firmware 1xEV-DO BTS or 1xEV-DO MS must be enabled. Installation and ena­bling of the application firmware are described in the R&S FPS Getting Started manual or in the Release Notes.
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Test Setup for 1xEV-DO Base Station or Mobile Station Tests
Risk of instrument damage due to inappropriate operating conditions
An unsuitable operating site or test setup can damage the instrument and connected devices. Before switching on the instrument, observe the information on appropriate operating conditions provided in the data sheet. In particular, ensure the following:
●
All fan openings are unobstructed and the airflow perforations are unimpeded. The minimum distance from the wall is 10 cm.
●
The instrument is dry and shows no sign of condensation.
●
The instrument is positioned as described in the following sections.
●
The ambient temperature does not exceed the range specified in the data sheet.
●
Signal levels at the input connectors are all within the specified ranges.
●
Signal outputs are connected correctly and are not overloaded.
Required units and accessories
The measurements are performed with the following units and accessories:
●
An R&S FPS equipped with the 1xEV-DO BTS or MS option.
●
R&S SMU signal generator equipped with option SMU-B9/B10/B11 baseband gen­erator and SMUK46 1xEV-DO incl. 1xEVDV.
●
1 coaxial cable, 50 Ω, approximately 1 m, N connector
●
2 coaxial cables, 50 Ω, approximately 1 m, BNC connector
General Test Setup
Connect the antenna output (or TX output) of the base station/mobile station to the RF input of the R&S FPS. Use a power attenuator exhibiting suitable attenuation.
TX signal
3
2
GHI1ABC
DEF
5 64
7
8
9
STU
ÜVW
XYZ
.-0 S CRCL M
RF
INPUT
The following values for external attenuation are recommended to ensure that the RF input of the R&S FPS is protected and the sensitivity of the unit is not reduced too much:
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CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode
Maximum Power Recommended external attenuation
≥ 55 to 60 dBm 35 to 40 dB
≥ 50 to 55 dBm 30 to 35 dB
≥ 45 to 50 dBm 25 to 30 dB
≥ 40 to 45 dBm 20 to 25 dB
≥ 35 to 40 dBm 15 to 20 dB
≥ 30 to 35 dBm 10 to 15 dB
≥ 25 to 30 dBm 0 to 10 dB
≥ 20 to 25 dBm 0 to 5 dB
≤ 20 dBm 0 dB
●
For signal measurements at the output of two-port networks, connect the reference frequency of the signal source to the rear reference input (REF INPUT) of the R&S FPS.
●
The R&S FPS must be operated with an external frequency reference to ensure that the error limits of the 1xEV-DO specification for frequency measurements on base stations/mobile stations are met. A rubidium frequency standard can be used as a reference source, for example.
●
If the base station/mobile station has a trigger output, connect the trigger output of the base station/mobile station to one of the trigger inputs (TRIGGER INPUT) of the R&S FPS (see "Trigger 2" on page 79).
Presettings
(For details see Chapter 6.2, "Code Domain Analysis", on page 60)
1. Enter the external attenuation.
2. Enter the reference level.
3. Enter the center frequency.
4. Set the trigger.
5. If used, enable the external reference.
6. Select the 1xEV-DO standard and the desired measurement.
7. Set the PN offset.

4.10 CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode

The 1xEV-DO BTS application can also be used to analyze data in MSRA operating mode.
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CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode
In MSRA operating mode, only the MSRA Master actually captures data; the MSRA applications receive an extract of the captured data for analysis, referred to as the application data. For the 1xEV-DO BTS application in MSRA operating mode, the application data range is defined by the same settings used to define the signal cap­ture in Signal and Spectrum Analyzer mode. In addition, a capture offset can be defined, i.e. an offset from the start of the captured data to the start of the analysis interval for the 1xEV-DO BTS measurement.
Data coverage for each active application
Generally, if a signal contains multiple data channels for multiple standards, separate applications are used to analyze each data channel. Thus, it is of interest to know which application is analyzing which data channel. The MSRA Master display indicates the data covered by each application, restricted to the channel bandwidth used by the corresponding standard (for 1xEV-DO: 1.2288 MHz), by vertical blue lines labeled with the application name.
Analysis interval
However, the individual result displays of the application need not analyze the com­plete data range. The data range that is analyzed by the individual result display is referred to as the analysis interval.
In the 1xEV-DO BTS application, the analysis interval is automatically determined according to the selected channel, slot or set to analyze which is defined for the evalu­ation range, depending on the result display. The analysis interval cannot be edited directly in the 1xEV-DO BTS application, but is changed automatically when you change the evaluation range.
Analysis line
A frequent question when analyzing multi-standard signals is how each data channel is correlated (in time) to others. Thus, an analysis line has been introduced. The analysis line is a common time marker for all MSRA slave applications. It can be positioned in any MSRA slave application or the MSRA Master and is then adjusted in all other slave applications. Thus, you can easily analyze the results at a specific time in the measure­ment in all slave applications and determine correlations.
If the marked point in time is contained in the analysis interval of the slave application, the line is indicated in all time-based result displays, such as time, symbol, slot or bit diagrams. By default, the analysis line is displayed, however, it can be hidden from view manually. In all result displays, the "AL" label in the window title bar indicates whether the analysis line lies within the analysis interval or not:
●
orange "AL": the line lies within the interval
●
white "AL": the line lies within the interval, but is not displayed (hidden)
●
no "AL": the line lies outside the interval
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CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
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5 I/Q Data Import and Export

I/Q Data Import and Export
Import/Export Functions
Baseband signals mostly occur as so-called complex baseband signals, i.e. a signal representation that consists of two channels; the in phase (I) and the quadrature (Q) channel. Such signals are referred to as I/Q signals. The complete modulation informa­tion and even distortion that originates from the RF, IF or baseband domains can be analyzed in the I/Q baseband.
Importing and exporting I/Q signals is useful for various applications:
●
Generating and saving I/Q signals in an RF or baseband signal generator or in external software tools to analyze them with the R&S FPS later
●
Capturing and saving I/Q signals with an RF or baseband signal analyzer to ana­lyze them with the R&S FPS or an external software tool later
As opposed to storing trace data, which may be averaged or restricted to peak values, I/Q data is stored as it was captured, without further processing. The data is stored as complex values in 32-bit floating-point format. Multi-channel data is not supported. The I/Q data is stored in a format with the file extension .iq.tar.
For a detailed description see the R&S FPS I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
An application note on converting Rohde & Schwarz I/Q data files is available from the Rohde & Schwarz website:
1EF85: Converting R&S I/Q data files
Export only in MSRA mode
In MSRA mode, I/Q data can only be exported to other applications; I/Q data cannot be imported to the MSRA Master or any MSRA applications.
● Import/Export Functions..........................................................................................56

5.1 Import/Export Functions

Access: "Save" / "Open" icon in the toolbar > "Import" / "Export"
The R&S FPS provides various evaluation methods for the results of the performed measurements. However, you may want to evaluate the data with further, external applications. In this case, you can export the measurement data to a standard format file (ASCII or XML). Some of the data stored in these formats can also be re-imported to the R&S FPS for further evaluation later, for example in other applications.
The following data types can be exported (depending on the application):
●
Trace data
●
Table results, such as result summaries, marker peak lists etc.
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I/Q Data Import and Export
Import/Export Functions
I/Q data can only be imported and exported in applications that process I/Q data, such as the I/Q Analyzer or optional applications.
See the corresponding user manuals for those applications for details.
These functions are only available if no measurement is running. In particular, if Continuous Sweep / Run Cont is active, the import/export functions are
not available.
Import ...........................................................................................................................57
└ I/Q Import .......................................................................................................57
Export ...........................................................................................................................57
└ I/Q Export .......................................................................................................57
Import Access: "Save/Recall" > Import
Provides functions to import data. Importing I/Q data is not possible in MSRA operating mode.
I/Q Import ← Import
Opens a file selection dialog box to select an import file that contains I/Q data. This function is only available in single sweep mode and only in applications that process I/Q data, such as the I/Q Analyzer or optional applications.
Note that the I/Q data must have a specific format as described in the R&S FPS I/Q Analyzer and I/Q Input User Manual.
Input from I/Q data files is imported as it was stored, including any correction factors, for example from transducers or SnP files. Any currently configured correction factors at the time of import, however, are not applied.
Remote command:
MMEMory:LOAD:IQ:STATe on page 228
Export Access: "Save/Recall" > Export
Opens a submenu to configure data export.
I/Q Export ← Export
Opens a file selection dialog box to define an export file name to which the I/Q data is stored. This function is only available in single sweep mode.
Note: MSRA operating mode. Importing I/Q data is not possible in MSRA operating mode.
Note: Storing large amounts of I/Q data (several Gigabytes) can exceed the available (internal) storage space on the R&S FPS. In this case, it can be necessary to use an external storage medium.
Note: Secure user mode.
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Import/Export Functions
In secure user mode, settings that are stored on the instrument are stored to volatile memory, which is restricted to 256 MB. Thus, a "memory limit reached" error can occur although the hard disk indicates that storage space is still available.
To store data permanently, select an external storage location such as a USB memory device.
For details, see "Protecting Data Using the Secure User Mode" in the "Data Manage­ment" section of the R&S FPS User Manual.
Remote command:
MMEMory:STORe<n>:IQ:STATe on page 229 MMEMory:STORe<n>:IQ:COMMent on page 228
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6 Configuration

Configuration
Result Display
The 1xEV-DO applications provide several different measurements for signals accord­ing to the 1xEV-DO standard. The main and default measurement is Code Domain Analysis. In addition to the code domain power measurements specified by the 1xEV­DO standard, the 1xEV-DO applications offer measurements with predefined settings in the frequency domain, e.g. RF power measurements.
Only one measurement type can be configured per channel; however, several chan­nels for 1xEV-DO applications can be configured in parallel on the R&S FPS. Thus, you can configure one channel for a Code Domain Analysis, for example, and another for a Power measurement for the same input signal. Then you can use the Sequencer to perform all measurements consecutively and either switch through the results easily or monitor all results at the same time in the "MultiView" tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FPS User Manual.
Selecting the measurement type
When you activate a measurement channel in a 1xEV-DO application, Code Domain Analysis of the input signal is started automatically. However, the 1xEV-DO applica­tions also provide other measurement types.
► To select a different measurement type, do one of the following:
● Select the "Overview" softkey. In the "Overview", select the "Select Measure­ment" button. Select the required measurement.
● Press the MEAS key. In the "Select Measurement" dialog box, select the required measurement.
● Result Display......................................................................................................... 59
● Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................60
● RF Measurements...................................................................................................93

6.1 Result Display

The captured signal can be displayed using various evaluation methods. All evaluation methods available for 1xEV-DO applications are displayed in the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode when you do one of the following:
●
Select the
●
Select the "Display" button in the "Overview".
●
Press the MEAS key.
●
Select the "Display Config" softkey in any 1xEV-DO menu.
"SmartGrid" icon from the toolbar.
Up to 16 evaluation methods can be displayed simultaneously in separate windows. The 1xEV-DO evaluation methods are described in Chapter 3.1.2, "Evaluation Meth-
ods for Code Domain Analysis", on page 18.
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Code Domain Analysis
To close the SmartGrid mode and restore the previous softkey menu select the "Close" icon in the righthand corner of the toolbar, or press any key.
For details on working with the SmartGrid see the R&S FPS Getting Started manual.

6.2 Code Domain Analysis

Access: MODE > "1xEV-DO BTS"/"1xEV-DO UE"
1xEV-DO measurements require a special application on the R&S FPS
When you activate a 1xEV-DO application the first time, a set of parameters is passed on from the currently active application:
●
Center frequency and frequency offset
●
Reference level and reference level offset
●
Attenuation
After initial setup, the parameters for the measurement channel are stored upon exiting and restored upon re-entering the channel. Thus, you can switch between applications quickly and easily.
When you activate a 1xEV-DO application, Code Domain Analysis of the input signal is started automatically with the default configuration. The "Code Domain Analyzer" menu is displayed and provides access to the most important configuration functions. This menu is also displayed when you press the MEAS CONFIG key.
The "Span", "Bandwidth", "Lines", and "Marker Functions" menus are not available in the 1xEV-DO application.
Code Domain Analysis can be configured easily in the "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu.
Importing and Exporting I/Q Data Access: , "Save/Recall" menu > "Import I/Q"/ "Export I/Q"
The 1xEV-DO applications can not only measure the 1xEV-DO I/Q data to be evalu­ated. They can also import I/Q data, provided it has the correct format. Furthermore, the evaluated I/Q data from the 1xEV-DO applications can be exported for further analysis in external applications.
For details on importing and exporting I/Q data, see the R&S FPS User Manual.
● Configuration Overview...........................................................................................61
● Signal Description................................................................................................... 63
● Data Input and Output Settings...............................................................................67
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● Frontend Settings....................................................................................................70
● Trigger Settings.......................................................................................................75
● Signal Capture (Data Acquisition)...........................................................................80
● Application Data (MSRA) ....................................................................................... 82
● Synchronization (MS Application Only)...................................................................82
● Channel Detection...................................................................................................83
● Sweep Settings....................................................................................................... 90
● Automatic Settings.................................................................................................. 91

6.2.1 Configuration Overview

Access: all menus
Throughout the measurement channel configuration, an overview of the most important currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview".
In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to the main settings dialog boxes. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement channel from input over processing to output and evaluation by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in the "Overview".
The available settings and functions in the "Overview" vary depending on the currently selected measurement. For RF measurements, see Chapter 6.3, "RF Measurements", on page 93.
For Code Domain Analysis, the "Overview" provides quick access to the following con­figuration dialog boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):
1. "Select Measurement" See "Selecting the measurement type" on page 59
2. "Signal Description" See Chapter 6.2.2, "Signal Description", on page 63
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3. "Input/ Frontend" SeeChapter 6.2.3, "Data Input and Output Settings", on page 67 and Chap-
ter 6.2.4, "Frontend Settings", on page 70
4. (Optionally:) "Trigger" See Chapter 6.2.5, "Trigger Settings", on page 75
5. "Signal Capture" See Chapter 6.2.6, "Signal Capture (Data Acquisition)", on page 80
6. "Synchronization" (MS application only) See Chapter 6.2.8, "Synchronization (MS Application Only)", on page 82
7. "Channel Detection" See Chapter 6.2.9, "Channel Detection", on page 83
8. "Analysis" See Chapter 7, "Analysis", on page 101
9. "Display Configuration" See Chapter 3.1.2, "Evaluation Methods for Code Domain Analysis", on page 18
To configure settings
► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.
Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to change a specific setting.
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the PRESET key, which restores the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the R&S FPS (except for the default channel)!
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 142
Select Measurement
Selects a different measurement to be performed. See "Selecting the measurement type" on page 59.
Specifics for
The channel may contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indi­cated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the selected window.
Select an active window from the "Specifics for" selection list that is displayed in the "Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.
The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected window.
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6.2.2 Signal Description

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description"
The signal description provides information on the expected input signal.
● BTS Signal Description........................................................................................... 63
● MS Signal Description.............................................................................................65
6.2.2.1 BTS Signal Description
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description"
These settings describe the input signal in BTS measurements.
Subtype.........................................................................................................................63
PN Offset.......................................................................................................................64
Multicarrier.................................................................................................................... 64
└ Enhanced Algorithm........................................................................................64
└ Multicarrier Filter............................................................................................. 64
└ Filter Type.......................................................................................................64
└ Roll-Off Factor...................................................................................... 65
└ Cut Off Frequency................................................................................ 65
Subtype
Specifies the characteristics of the used transmission standard. For details, see Chapter 4.5, "Subtypes", on page 48. "0,1" "2"
Single carrier Increased number of active users
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"3" Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:SUBType on page 146
PN Offset
Specifies the Pseudo Noise (PN) offset from an external trigger. If no offset is specified or no external trigger is available, calculation is much slower as the correct PN must be determined from all possible positions.
For details, see Chapter 4.2, "Scrambling via PN Offsets and Long Codes", on page 42.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:PNOFfset on page 147
Multicarrier
Activates or deactivates the multicarrier mode. This mode improves the processing of multicarrier signals. It allows you to measure one carrier out of a multicarrier signal.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier[:STATe] on page 146
Enhanced Algorithm ← Multicarrier
Activates or deactivates the enhanced algorithm that is used for signal detection on multicarrier signals. This algorithm slightly increases the calculation time.
This setting is only available if "Multicarrier" on page 64 is activated. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:MALGo on page 146
Modulation type 64QAM can be detected.
Multicarrier Filter ← Multicarrier
Activates or deactivates the usage of a filter for signal detection on multicarrier signals. This setting is only available if "Multicarrier" on page 64 is activated. For details, see Chapter 4.6, "Multicarrier Mode", on page 49. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer[:STATe] on page 145
Filter Type ← Multicarrier
Selects the filter type if Multicarrier Filter is activated. Two filter types are available for selection: a low-pass filter and an RRC filter. By default, the low-pass filter is active. The low-pass filter affects the quality of the
measured signal compared to a measurement without a filter. The RRC filter comes with an integrated Hamming window. If selected, two more set-
tings become available for configuration: the Roll-Off Factor and the Cut Off Fre-
quency.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer:TYPE on page 145
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Roll-Off Factor ← Filter Type ← Multicarrier
Defines the roll-off factor of the RRC filter which defines the slope of the filter curve and therefore the excess bandwidth of the filter. Possible values are between 0.01 and
0.99 in 0.01 steps. The default value is 0.02.
This parameter is available for the RRC filter. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer:TYPE on page 145 CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer:ROFF on page 144
Cut Off Frequency ← Filter Type ← Multicarrier
Defines the frequency at which the passband of the RRC filter begins. Possible values are between 0.1 MHz and 2.4 MHz in 1 Hz steps. The default value is 1.25 MHz
This parameter is available for the RRC filter. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer:TYPE on page 145 CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer:COFRequency on page 144
6.2.2.2 MS Signal Description
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description"
These settings describe the input signal in MS measurements.
Subtype.........................................................................................................................66
Long Code Mask I/Long Code Mask Q.........................................................................66
Multicarrier.................................................................................................................... 66
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└ Enhanced Algorithm........................................................................................66
└ Multicarrier Filter............................................................................................. 66
└ Filter Type.......................................................................................................66
└ Roll-Off Factor...................................................................................... 67
└ Cut Off Frequency................................................................................ 67
Subtype
Specifies the characteristics of the used transmission standard. For details, see Chapter 4.5, "Subtypes", on page 48. "0,1" "2" "3" Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:SUBType on page 146
Long Code Mask I/Long Code Mask Q
Defines the long code mask for each branch of the mobile in hexadecimal form. The value range is from 0 to 4FFFFFFFFFF.
Single carrier Increased number of active users Modulation type 64QAM can be detected.
For more information on long codes, see "Long code scrambling" on page 43. Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe:I on page 147 [SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe:Q on page 147
Multicarrier
Activates or deactivates the multicarrier mode. This mode improves the processing of multicarrier signals. It allows you to measure one carrier out of a multicarrier signal.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier[:STATe] on page 146
Enhanced Algorithm ← Multicarrier
Activates or deactivates the enhanced algorithm that is used for signal detection on multicarrier signals. This algorithm slightly increases the calculation time.
This setting is only available if "Multicarrier" on page 64 is activated. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:MALGo on page 146
Multicarrier Filter ← Multicarrier
Activates or deactivates the usage of a filter for signal detection on multicarrier signals. This setting is only available if "Multicarrier" on page 64 is activated. For details, see Chapter 4.6, "Multicarrier Mode", on page 49. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer[:STATe] on page 145
Filter Type ← Multicarrier
Selects the filter type if Multicarrier Filter is activated.
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Two filter types are available for selection: a low-pass filter and an RRC filter. By default, the low-pass filter is active. The low-pass filter affects the quality of the
measured signal compared to a measurement without a filter. The RRC filter comes with an integrated Hamming window. If selected, two more set-
tings become available for configuration: the Roll-Off Factor and the Cut Off Fre-
quency.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer:TYPE on page 145
Roll-Off Factor ← Filter Type ← Multicarrier
Defines the roll-off factor of the RRC filter which defines the slope of the filter curve and therefore the excess bandwidth of the filter. Possible values are between 0.01 and
0.99 in 0.01 steps. The default value is 0.02.
This parameter is available for the RRC filter. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer:TYPE on page 145 CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer:ROFF on page 144
Cut Off Frequency ← Filter Type ← Multicarrier
Defines the frequency at which the passband of the RRC filter begins. Possible values are between 0.1 MHz and 2.4 MHz in 1 Hz steps. The default value is 1.25 MHz
This parameter is available for the RRC filter. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer:TYPE on page 145 CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MCARrier:FILTer:COFRequency on page 144

6.2.3 Data Input and Output Settings

Access: INPUT / OUTPUT
The R&S FPS can analyze signals from different input sources and provide various types of output (such as noise or trigger signals).
● Input Source Settings..............................................................................................67
● Output Settings....................................................................................................... 69
6.2.3.1 Input Source Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source"
The input source determines which data the R&S FPS will analyze.
The default input source for the R&S FPS is "Radio Frequency" , i.e. the signal at the RF INPUT connector of the R&S FPS. If no additional options are installed, this is the only available input source.
● Radio Frequency Input............................................................................................68
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Radio Frequency Input
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency"
Radio Frequency State ................................................................................................ 68
Input Coupling ..............................................................................................................68
Impedance ................................................................................................................... 68
YIG-Preselector ............................................................................................................69
Radio Frequency State
Activates input from the RF INPUT connector. Remote command:
INPut:SELect on page 149
Input Coupling
The RF input of the R&S FPS can be coupled by alternating current (AC) or direct cur­rent (DC).
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. This is the default setting to prevent damage to the instrument. Very low frequencies in the input signal may be dis­torted.
However, some specifications require DC coupling. In this case, you must protect the instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually. For details, refer to the data sheet.
Remote command:
INPut:COUPling on page 148
Impedance
For some measurements, the reference impedance for the measured levels of the R&S FPS can be set to 50 Ω or 75 Ω.
Select 75 Ω if the 50 Ω input impedance is transformed to a higher impedance using a 75 Ω adapter of the RAZ type. (That corresponds to 25Ω in series to the input impe­dance of the instrument.) The correction value in this case is 1.76 dB = 10 log (75Ω/ 50Ω).
This value also affects the unit conversion (see " Reference Level " on page 72). Remote command:
INPut:IMPedance on page 149
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YIG-Preselector
Activates or deactivates the YIG-preselector, if available on the R&S FPS. An internal YIG-preselector at the input of the R&S FPS ensures that image frequen-
cies are rejected. However, this is only possible for a restricted bandwidth. To use the maximum bandwidth for signal analysis you can deactivate the YIG-preselector at the input of the R&S FPS, which can lead to image-frequency display.
Note that the YIG-preselector is active only on frequencies greater than 8 GHz. There­fore, switching the YIG-preselector on or off has no effect if the frequency is below that value.
Remote command:
INPut:FILTer:YIG[:STATe] on page 149
6.2.3.2 Output Settings
Access: INPUT/OUTPUT > "Output"
The R&S FPS can provide output to special connectors for other devices.
For details on connectors, refer to the R&S FPS Getting Started manual, "Front / Rear Panel View" chapters.
How to provide trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R&S FPS User Manual.
Noise Source Control....................................................................................................69
Noise Source Control
The R&S FPS provides a connector (NOISE SOURCE CONTROL) with a 28 V voltage supply for an external noise source. By switching the supply voltage for an external noise source on or off in the firmware, you can activate or deactivate the device as required.
External noise sources are useful when you are measuring power levels that fall below the noise floor of the R&S FPS itself, for example when measuring the noise level of an amplifier.
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In this case, you can first connect an external noise source (whose noise power level is known in advance) to the R&S FPS and measure the total noise power. From this value you can determine the noise power of the R&S FPS. Then when you measure the power level of the actual DUT, you can deduct the known noise level from the total power to obtain the power level of the DUT.
Remote command:
DIAGnostic:SERVice:NSOurce on page 150

6.2.4 Frontend Settings

Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend"
The frequency, amplitude and y-axis scaling settings represent the "frontend" of the measurement setup.
● Frequency Settings................................................................................................. 70
● Amplitude Settings.................................................................................................. 71
● Y-Axis Scaling.........................................................................................................74
6.2.4.1 Frequency Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Frequency"
Center Frequency ........................................................................................................ 70
Center Frequency Stepsize ..........................................................................................71
Frequency Offset ..........................................................................................................71
Center Frequency
Defines the center frequency of the signal in Hertz. The allowed range of values for the center frequency depends on the frequency span. span > 0: span
f
and span
max
/2 ≤ f
min
depend on the instrument and are specified in the data sheet.
min
center
≤ f
max
– span
min
/2
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Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer on page 150
Center Frequency Stepsize
Defines the step size by which the center frequency is increased or decreased using the arrow keys.
When you use the rotary knob the center frequency changes in steps of only 1/10 of the span.
The step size can be coupled to another value or it can be manually set to a fixed value.
This setting is available for frequency and time domain measurements. "X * Span"
Sets the step size for the center frequency to a defined factor of the span. The "X-Factor" defines the percentage of the span. Values between 1 % and 100 % in steps of 1 % are allowed. The default setting is 10 %.
"= Center"
Sets the step size to the value of the center frequency. The used value is indicated in the "Value" field.
"Manual"
Defines a fixed step size for the center frequency. Enter the step size in the "Value" field.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP on page 151
Frequency Offset
Shifts the displayed frequency range along the x-axis by the defined offset. This parameter has no effect on the instrument's hardware, or on the captured data or
on data processing. It is simply a manipulation of the final results in which absolute fre­quency values are displayed. Thus, the x-axis of a spectrum display is shifted by a constant offset if it shows absolute frequencies, but not if it shows frequencies relative to the signal's center frequency.
A frequency offset can be used to correct the display of a signal that is slightly distorted by the measurement setup, for example.
The allowed values range from -100 GHz to 100 GHz. The default setting is 0 Hz. Note: In MSRA mode, this function is only available for the MSRA Master. Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet on page 152
6.2.4.2 Amplitude Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Amplitude"
Amplitude settings determine how the R&S FPS must process or display the expected input power levels.
Reference Level ...........................................................................................................72
└ Shifting the Display ( Offset ).......................................................................... 72
└ Unit .................................................................................................................72
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└ Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level )...............................72
RF Attenuation ............................................................................................................. 73
└ Attenuation Mode / Value ...............................................................................73
Using Electronic Attenuation ........................................................................................73
Input Settings ............................................................................................................... 74
└ Preamplifier (option B22/B24).........................................................................74
Reference Level
Defines the expected maximum reference level. Signal levels above this value may not be measured correctly. This is indicated by an "IF Overload" status display.
The reference level can also be used to scale power diagrams; the reference level is then used as the maximum on the y-axis.
Since the hardware of the R&S FPS is adapted according to this value, it is recommen­ded that you set the reference level close above the expected maximum signal level. Thus you ensure an optimum measurement (no compression, good signal-to-noise ratio).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel on page 154
Shifting the Display ( Offset ) ← Reference Level
Defines an arithmetic level offset. This offset is added to the measured level. In some result displays, the scaling of the y-axis is changed accordingly.
Define an offset if the signal is attenuated or amplified before it is fed into the R&S FPS so the application shows correct power results. All displayed power level results are shifted by this value.
The setting range is ±200 dB in 0.01 dB steps. Note, however, that the internal reference level (used to adjust the hardware settings to
the expected signal) ignores any "Reference Level Offset" . Thus, it is important to keep in mind the actual power level the R&S FPS must handle. Do not rely on the dis­played reference level (internal reference level = displayed reference level - offset).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:OFFSet on page 155
Unit ← Reference Level
For CDA measurements, do not change the unit, as this would lead to useless results.
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level ) ← Reference Level
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at the R&S FPS for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators are adjusted so the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and clip­ping are minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the R&S FPS.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease the reference level in the same way.
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You can change the measurement time for the level measurement if necessary (see "
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual )" on page 93).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 176
RF Attenuation
Defines the attenuation applied to the RF input of the R&S FPS.
Attenuation Mode / Value ← RF Attenuation
The RF attenuation can be set automatically as a function of the selected reference level (Auto mode). This ensures that no overload occurs at the RF INPUT connector for the current reference level. It is the default setting.
By default and when no (optional) electronic attenuation is available, mechanical attenuation is applied.
In "Manual" mode, you can set the RF attenuation in 1 dB steps (down to 0 dB). Other entries are rounded to the next integer value. The range is specified in the data sheet. If the defined reference level cannot be set for the defined RF attenuation, the refer­ence level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed.
NOTICE! Risk of hardware damage due to high power levels. When decreasing the attenuation manually, ensure that the power level does not exceed the maximum level allowed at the RF input, as an overload may lead to hardware damage.
Remote command:
INPut:ATTenuation on page 155 INPut:ATTenuation:AUTO on page 156
Using Electronic Attenuation
If the (optional) Electronic Attenuation hardware is installed on the R&S FPS, you can also activate an electronic attenuator.
In "Auto" mode, the settings are defined automatically; in "Manual" mode, you can define the mechanical and electronic attenuation separately.
Note: Electronic attenuation is not available for stop frequencies (or center frequencies in zero span) above 7 GHz. In "Auto" mode, RF attenuation is provided by the electronic attenuator as much as possible to reduce the amount of mechanical switching required. Mechanical attenua­tion may provide a better signal-to-noise ratio, however.
When you switch off electronic attenuation, the RF attenuation is automatically set to the same mode (auto/manual) as the electronic attenuation was set to. Thus, the RF attenuation can be set to automatic mode, and the full attenuation is provided by the mechanical attenuator, if possible.
The electronic attenuation can be varied in 1 dB steps. If the electronic attenuation is on, the mechanical attenuation can be varied in 5 dB steps. Other entries are rounded to the next lower integer value.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the given attenuation, the reference level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed in the status bar.
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Remote command:
INPut:EATT:STATe on page 157 INPut:EATT:AUTO on page 157 INPut:EATT on page 156
Input Settings
Some input settings affect the measured amplitude of the signal, as well. The parameters "Input Coupling" and "Impedance" are identical to those in the "Input"
settings.
Preamplifier (option B22/B24) ← Input Settings
Switches the preamplifier on and off. If activated, the input signal is amplified by 20 dB. If option R&S FPS-B22 is installed, the preamplifier is only active below 7 GHz. If option R&S FPS-B24 is installed, the preamplifier is active for all frequencies. Remote command:
INPut:GAIN:STATe on page 155
6.2.4.3 Y-Axis Scaling
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Scale"
Or: AMPT > "Scale Config"
The vertical axis scaling is configurable. In Code Domain Analysis, the y-axis usually displays the measured power levels.
Y-Maximum, Y-Minimum...............................................................................................74
Auto Scale Once .......................................................................................................... 75
Restore Scale (Window)............................................................................................... 75
Y-Maximum, Y-Minimum
Defines the amplitude range to be displayed on the y-axis of the evaluation diagrams.
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Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MAXimum on page 153 DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MINimum on page 154
Auto Scale Once
Automatically determines the optimal range and reference level position to be dis­played for the current measurement settings.
The display is only set once; it is not adapted further if the measurement settings are changed again.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO ONCE on page 153
Restore Scale (Window)
Restores the default scale settings in the currently selected window.

6.2.5 Trigger Settings

Access: "Overview" > "Trigger"
Trigger settings determine when the input signal is measured.
External triggers from one of the TRIGGER INPUT/OUTPUT connectors on the R&S FPS are configured in a separate tab of the dialog box.
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For step-by-step instructions on configuring triggered measurements, see the main R&S FPS User Manual.
Trigger Source.............................................................................................................. 76
└ Trigger Source................................................................................................ 76
└ Free Run ..............................................................................................76
└ External Trigger 1/2.............................................................................. 77
└ IF Power .............................................................................................. 77
└ Trigger Level ..................................................................................................77
└ Drop-Out Time ............................................................................................... 77
└ Trigger Offset .................................................................................................78
└ Hysteresis ...................................................................................................... 78
└ Trigger Holdoff ............................................................................................... 78
└ Slope ..............................................................................................................78
└ Capture Offset ................................................................................................78
Trigger 2........................................................................................................................79
└ Output Type ................................................................................................... 79
└ Level .................................................................................................... 79
└ Pulse Length ........................................................................................80
└ Send Trigger ........................................................................................80
Trigger Source
The trigger settings define the beginning of a measurement.
Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Defines the trigger source. If a trigger source other than "Free Run" is set, "TRG" is displayed in the channel bar and the trigger source is indicated.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 161
Free Run ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
No trigger source is considered. Data acquisition is started manually or automatically and continues until stopped explicitly.
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Remote command: TRIG:SOUR IMM, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 161
External Trigger 1/2 ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Data acquisition starts when the TTL signal fed into the specified input connector meets or exceeds the specified trigger level.
(See " Trigger Level " on page 77). Note: The "External Trigger 1" softkey automatically selects the trigger signal from the
TRG IN connector. For details, see the "Instrument Tour" chapter in the R&S FPS Getting Started manual.
"External Trigger 1"
Trigger signal from the TRG IN connector.
"External Trigger 2"
Trigger signal from the TRG AUX connector. Note: Connector must be configured for "Input" in the "Output" config­uration (See the R&S FPS User Manual).
Remote command: TRIG:SOUR EXT, TRIG:SOUR EXT2 See TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 161
IF Power ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
The R&S FPS starts capturing data as soon as the trigger level is exceeded around the third intermediate frequency.
For frequency sweeps, the third IF represents the start frequency. The trigger band­width at the third IF depends on the RBW and sweep type.
For measurements on a fixed frequency (e.g. zero span or I/Q measurements), the third IF represents the center frequency.
This trigger source is only available for RF input. This trigger source is available for frequency and time domain measurements only. The available trigger levels depend on the RF attenuation and preamplification. A refer-
ence level offset, if defined, is also considered. For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths, see the data sheet. Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IFP, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 161
Trigger Level ← Trigger Source
Defines the trigger level for the specified trigger source. For details on supported trigger levels, see the data sheet. Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>] on page 159
Drop-Out Time ← Trigger Source
Defines the time the input signal must stay below the trigger level before triggering again.
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Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe on page 158
Trigger Offset ← Trigger Source
Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the measurement.
Offset > 0: Start of the measurement is delayed
Offset < 0: Measurement starts earlier (pretrigger)
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME] on page 158
Hysteresis ← Trigger Source
Defines the distance in dB to the trigger level that the trigger source must exceed before a trigger event occurs. Setting a hysteresis avoids unwanted trigger events caused by noise oscillation around the trigger level.
This setting is only available for "IF Power" trigger sources. The range of the value is between 3 dB and 50 dB with a step width of 1 dB.
This setting is available for frequency and time domain measurements only. Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis on page 159
Trigger Holdoff ← Trigger Source
Defines the minimum time (in seconds) that must pass between two trigger events. Trigger events that occur during the holdoff time are ignored.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff on page 158
Slope ← Trigger Source
For all trigger sources except time, you can define whether triggering occurs when the signal rises to the trigger level or falls down to it.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe on page 160
Capture Offset ← Trigger Source
This setting is only available for slave applications in MSRA operating mode. It has a similar effect as the trigger offset in other measurements: it defines the time offset between the capture buffer start and the start of the extracted slave application data.
In MSRA mode, the offset must be a positive value, as the capture buffer starts at the trigger time = 0.
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual. Remote command:
[SENSe:]MSRA:CAPTure:OFFSet on page 232
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Trigger 2
Defines the usage of the variable TRIGGER AUX connector on the rear panel. (Trigger 1 is INPUT only.) Note: Providing trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R&S FPS User
Manual. "Input"
"Output"
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<port>:DIRection on page 162
The signal at the connector is used as an external trigger source by the R&S FPS. Trigger input parameters are available in the "Trigger" dialog box.
The R&S FPS sends a trigger signal to the output connector to be used by connected devices. Further trigger parameters are available for the connector.
Output Type ← Trigger 2
Type of signal to be sent to the output "Device Trig-
gered" "Trigger
Armed"
"User Defined"
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<port>:OTYPe on page 162
Level ← Output Type ← Trigger 2
Defines whether a high (1) or low (0) constant signal is sent to the trigger output con­nector.
(Default) Sends a trigger when the R&S FPS triggers.
Sends a (high level) trigger when the R&S FPS is in "Ready for trig­ger" state. This state is indicated by a status bit in the STATus:OPERation reg­ister (bit 5).
Sends a trigger when you select the "Send Trigger" button. In this case, further parameters are available for the output signal.
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The trigger pulse level is always opposite to the constant signal level defined here. For example, for "Level = High", a constant high signal is output to the connector until you select the Send Trigger function. Then, a low pulse is provided.
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<port>:LEVel on page 162
Pulse Length ← Output Type ← Trigger 2
Defines the duration of the pulse (pulse width) sent as a trigger to the output connec­tor.
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<port>:PULSe:LENGth on page 163
Send Trigger ← Output Type ← Trigger 2
Sends a user-defined trigger to the output connector immediately. Note that the trigger pulse level is always opposite to the constant signal level defined
by the output Level setting. For example, for "Level" = "High", a constant high signal is output to the connector until you select the "Send Trigger" function. Then, a low pulse is sent.
Which pulse level will be sent is indicated by a graphic on the button. Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<port>:PULSe:IMMediate on page 163

6.2.6 Signal Capture (Data Acquisition)

Access: "Overview" > "Signal Capture"
How much and how data is captured from the input signal is user-definable.
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Figure 6-1: Signal capture settings in BTS application
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, only the MSRA Master channel actually captures data from the input signal. The data acquisition settings for the 1xEV-DO application in MSRA mode define the application data (see Chapter 6.2.7, "Application Data (MSRA) ", on page 82).
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
Sample Rate................................................................................................................. 81
Invert Q......................................................................................................................... 81
Number of Slots............................................................................................................ 81
Number of Sets............................................................................................................. 82
Set to Analyze...............................................................................................................82
Sample Rate
The sample rate is always 5.33333 MHz (indicated for reference only).
Invert Q
Inverts the sign of the signal's Q-branch. The default setting is OFF. Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:QINVert on page 164
Number of Slots
Sets the number of slots you want to analyze. The maximum number of slots is 36 for the BTS application, and 70 in the MS applica-
tion. The default value is 3. To capture more slots, increase the "Number of Sets" on page 82 to capture. In this case, the number of slots is <number of sets> x 32 (BTS application) or <number of sets> x 64 (MS application).
For more information on slots and sets, see Chapter 4.1, "Slots and Sets", on page 41.
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Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:IQLength on page 164
Number of Sets
Defines the number of consecutive sets to be captured and stored in the instrument's IQ memory. The possible value range is from 1 to a maximum of 1500 (BTS applica­tion) or 810 (MS application) sets.
The default setting is 1. If you capture more than one set, the number of slots/PCGs is always 64 (1xEV-DO
BTS application: 32) and is not available for modification. Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:SET:COUNt on page 164
Set to Analyze
Selects a specific set for further analysis. The value range is between 0 and "Number
of Sets" on page 82 – 1.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:SET on page 181

6.2.7 Application Data (MSRA)

For the 1xEV-DO BTS application in MSRA operating mode, the application data range is defined by the same settings used to define the signal capturing in Signal and Spec­trum Analyzer mode (see "Number of Sets" on page 82).
In addition, a capture offset can be defined, i.e. an offset from the start of the captured data to the start of the analysis interval for the 1xEV-DO BTS measurement (see "
Capture Offset " on page 78).
The analysis interval cannot be edited manually. It is determined automatically according to the selected channel, slot or set to analyze, which is defined for the evalu­ation range, depending on the result display. Note that the channel/slot/set is analyzed within the application data.

6.2.8 Synchronization (MS Application Only)

Access: "Overview" > "Synchronization"
The "Synchronization" settings are only available for MS measurements. They define how channels are synchronized for channel detection.
Sync To
Defines the synchronization mode for frame synchronization (detection of the first chip of the frame). Two methods use the known sequence of a pilot channel (Pilot or Auxili­ary Pilot); a third does not require a pilot channel.
For details, see Chapter 4.3, "Synchronization (MS application only)", on page 43.
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"Auto"
The following modes are tried sequentially until synchronization was successful. If none of the methods was successful, a failed synchroni-
zation is reported. "Pilot" "Auxiliary Pilot"
Uses the correlation characteristic of the known pilot channel.
Similar to synchronization on pilot, but with the different known
sequence (= spreading code) of the auxiliary pilot channel. This mode
is useful if the signal does not contain a pilot channel. "Channel
Analyzes the power of any specified channel. Power"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDP:SMODe on page 165

6.2.9 Channel Detection

Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection"
The channel detection settings determine which channels are found in the input signal.
● General Channel Detection Settings.......................................................................83
● Channel Table Management...................................................................................85
● Channel Table Settings and Functions................................................................... 86
● BTS Channel Details...............................................................................................87
● Channel Details (MS Application)........................................................................... 88
6.2.9.1 General Channel Detection Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection"
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Inactive Channel Threshold.......................................................................................... 84
Using Predefined Channel Tables................................................................................ 84
Inactive Channel Threshold
Defines the minimum power that a single channel must have compared to the total sig­nal to be recognized as an active channel.
The default value is -60 dB. With this value, the Code Domain Analyzer can detect all channels with signals such as the 1xEV-DO test models. Decrease the "Inactive Chan­nel Threshold" value, if not all channels contained in the signal are detected.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:ICTReshold on page 169
Using Predefined Channel Tables
Defines the channel search mode. "Predefined"
"Auto"
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle[:STATe] on page 169
Compares the input signal to the predefined channel table selected in
the "Predefined Tables" list
Detects channels automatically using pilot sequences and fixed code
numbers
The automatic search provides an overview of the channels con-
tained in the currently measured signal. If channels are not detected
as being active, change the Inactive Channel Threshold or select the
"Predefined" channel search mode.
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6.2.9.2 Channel Table Management
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection" > "Predefined Channel Tables"
Predefined Tables.........................................................................................................85
Selecting a Table.......................................................................................................... 85
Creating a New Table................................................................................................... 85
Editing a Table.............................................................................................................. 85
Copying a Table............................................................................................................85
Deleting a Table............................................................................................................86
Restoring Default Tables...............................................................................................86
Predefined Tables
The list shows all available channel tables and marks the currently used table with a checkmark. The currently focussed table is highlighted blue.
For details on predefined channel tables provided by the 1xEV-DO applications, see
Chapter A.1, "Predefined Channel Tables", on page 238.
The following channel tables are available by default: "DO16QAM, DO8PSK, DO_IDLE, DOQPSK"
Channel tables for BTS application "5CHANS, PICH, PICHRRI"
Channel tables for MS application Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:CATalog? on page 167
Selecting a Table
Selects the channel table currently focused in the "Predefined Tables" list and com­pares it to the measured signal to detect channels.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:SELect on page 168
Creating a New Table
Creates a new channel table. For a description of channel table settings and functions, see Chapter 6.2.9.3, "Channel Table Settings and Functions", on page 86.
For step-by-step instructions on creating a new channel table, see "To define or edit a
channel table" on page 118.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:NAME on page 172
Editing a Table
You can edit existing channel table definitions. The details of the selected channel are displayed in the "Channel Table" dialog box.
Copying a Table
Copies an existing channel table definition. The details of the selected channel are dis­played in the "Channel Table" dialog box.
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Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:COPY on page 167
Deleting a Table
Deletes the currently selected channel table after a message is confirmed. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DELete on page 168
Restoring Default Tables
Restores the predefined channel tables delivered with the instrument. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:RESTore on page 168
6.2.9.3 Channel Table Settings and Functions
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection" > "Predefined Channel Tables" > "New"/
"Copy"/ "Edit"
Some general settings and functions are available when configuring a predefined channel table.
For details on channel table entries, see Chapter 6.2.9.4, "BTS Channel Details", on page 87 or Chapter 6.2.9.5, "Channel Details (MS Application)", on page 88.
Name.............................................................................................................................86
Comment.......................................................................................................................86
Adding a Channel..........................................................................................................86
Deleting a Channel........................................................................................................87
Creating a New Channel Table from the Measured Signal (Measure Table)............... 87
Sorting the Table...........................................................................................................87
Cancelling the Configuration.........................................................................................87
Saving the Table........................................................................................................... 87
Name
Name of the channel table that is displayed in the "Predefined Channel Tables" list. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:NAME on page 172
Comment
Optional description of the channel table. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:COMMent on page 169
Adding a Channel
Inserts a new row in the channel table to define another channel.
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Deleting a Channel
Deletes the currently selected channel from the table.
Creating a New Channel Table from the Measured Signal (Measure Table)
Creates a completely new channel table according to the current measurement data. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement on page 142
Sorting the Table
Sorts the channel table entries.
Cancelling the Configuration
Closes the "Channel Table" dialog box without saving the changes.
Saving the Table
Saves the changes to the table and closes the "Channel Table" dialog box.
6.2.9.4 BTS Channel Details
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection" > "Predefined Channel Tables" > "New"/
"Copy"/ "Edit" > "Add Channel"
For details on the individual parameters, see Chapter 3.1.1, "Code Domain Parame-
ters", on page 14.
Channel Type................................................................................................................88
Channel Number (Walsh Ch./SF)................................................................................. 88
Symbol Rate..................................................................................................................88
Modulation.....................................................................................................................88
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Power............................................................................................................................88
Status............................................................................................................................88
Domain Conflict.............................................................................................................88
Channel Type
Type of channel according to 1xEV-DO standard. For a list of possible channel types, see Chapter 4.4.1, "BTS Channel Types", on page 45.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 170
Channel Number (Walsh Ch./SF)
Channel number, consisting of walsh channel code and spreading factor Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 170
Symbol Rate
Symbol rate at which the channel is transmitted.
Modulation
Modulation type used for transmission. For a list of available modulation types, see Table A-8. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 170
Power
Contains the measured relative code domain power. The unit is dB. The fields are filled with values after you press the "Meas" button (see "Creating a New Channel Table
from the Measured Signal (Measure Table)" on page 87).
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 170
Status
Indicates the channel status. Codes that are not assigned are marked as inactive channels.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 170
Domain Conflict
Indicates a code domain conflict between channel definitions (e.g. overlapping chan­nels).
6.2.9.5 Channel Details (MS Application)
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection" > "Predefined Channel Tables" > "New"/
"Copy"/ "Edit" > "Add Channel"
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For details on the individual parameters, see Chapter 3.1.1, "Code Domain Parame-
ters", on page 14.
Channel Type................................................................................................................89
Channel Number (Walsh Ch./SF)................................................................................. 89
Symbol Rate..................................................................................................................89
Modulation.....................................................................................................................89
Mapping........................................................................................................................ 90
Status............................................................................................................................90
Activity...........................................................................................................................90
Channel Type
Type of channel according to 1xEV-DO standard. For a list of possible channel types, see Chapter 4.4.2, "MS Channel Types",
on page 46. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:MS:CTABle:DATA on page 171
Channel Number (Walsh Ch./SF)
Channel number, consisting of walsh channel code and spreading factor Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:MS:CTABle:DATA on page 171
Symbol Rate
Symbol rate at which the channel is transmitted.
Modulation
Modulation type used for transmission. For a list of available modulation types, see Table A-10.
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Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 170
Mapping
Branch onto which the channel is mapped (I or Q). The setting is not editable, since the standard specifies the channel assignment for each channel.
For more information, see Chapter 4.7, "Code Mapping and Branches", on page 49. Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:MAPPing on page 180
Status
Indicates the channel status. Codes that are not assigned are marked as inactive channels.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:MS:CTABle:DATA on page 171
Activity
The decimal number - interpreted as a binary number in 16 bits - determines the half slot in which the channel is active (value 1) or inactive (value 0).
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower:MS:CTABle:DATA on page 171

6.2.10 Sweep Settings

Access: SWEEP
The sweep settings define how the data is measured.
Sweep/Average Count ................................................................................................. 90
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont .....................................................................................91
Single Sweep / Run Single ...........................................................................................91
Continue Single Sweep ................................................................................................91
Sweep/Average Count
Defines the number of measurements to be performed in the single sweep mode. Val­ues from 0 to 200000 are allowed. If the values 0 or 1 are set, one measurement is performed.
The sweep count is applied to all the traces in all diagrams. If the trace modes "Average" , "Max Hold" or "Min Hold" are set, this value also deter-
mines the number of averaging or maximum search procedures. In continuous sweep mode, if "Sweep Count" = 0 (default), averaging is performed
over 10 measurements. For "Sweep Count" =1, no averaging, maxhold or minhold operations are performed.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt on page 173 [SENSe:]AVERage<n>:COUNt on page 173
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Continuous Sweep / Run Cont
After triggering, starts the measurement and repeats it continuously until stopped. While the measurement is running, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey and the RUN
CONT key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again. The results are not deleted until a new measurement is started.
Note: Sequencer. If the Sequencer is active, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey only controls the sweep mode for the currently selected channel. However, the sweep mode only takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a channel-defined sequence. In this case, a channel in continuous sweep mode is swept repeatedly. Furthermore, the RUN CONT key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps. RUN CONT starts the Sequencer in continuous mode.
For details on the Sequencer, see the R&S FPS User Manual. Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 195
Single Sweep / Run Single
After triggering, starts the number of sweeps set in "Sweep Count". The measurement stops after the defined number of sweeps has been performed.
While the measurement is running, the "Single Sweep" softkey and the RUN SINGLE key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the high­lighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] on page 196
Continue Single Sweep
After triggering, repeats the number of sweeps set in "Sweep Count", without deleting the trace of the last measurement.
While the measurement is running, the "Continue Single Sweep" softkey and the RUN SINGLE key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONMeas on page 195

6.2.11 Automatic Settings

Access: AUTO SET
The R&S FPS 1xEV-DO Measurements application can adjust some settings automati­cally according to the current measurement settings. To do so, a measurement is per­formed. The duration of this measurement can be defined automatically or manually.
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Code Domain Analysis
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, the following automatic settings are not available, as they require a new data acquisition. However, 1xEV-DO applications cannot acquire data in MSRA operating mode.
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically ( Auto All )...................................... 92
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level ).............................................92
Auto Scale Window.......................................................................................................92
Auto Scale All................................................................................................................93
Restore Scale (Window)............................................................................................... 93
Resetting the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Auto )...................................93
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual ).............................. 93
Upper Level Hysteresis ................................................................................................93
Lower Level Hysteresis ................................................................................................93
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically ( Auto All )
Activates all automatic adjustment functions for the current measurement settings. This includes:
●
Auto Level
●
"Auto Scale All" on page 93
Note: MSRA operating modes. In MSRA operating mode, this function is only available for the MSRA Master, not the applications.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:ALL on page 174
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level )
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at the R&S FPS for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators are adjusted so the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and clip­ping are minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the R&S FPS.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease the reference level in the same way.
You can change the measurement time for the level measurement if necessary (see "
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual )" on page 93).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 176
Auto Scale Window
Automatically determines the optimal range and reference level position to be dis­played for the current measurement settings in the currently selected window. No new measurement is performed.
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RF Measurements
Auto Scale All
Automatically determines the optimal range and reference level position to be dis­played for the current measurement settings in all displayed diagrams. No new mea­surement is performed.
Restore Scale (Window)
Restores the default scale settings in the currently selected window.
Resetting the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Auto )
Resets the measurement duration for automatic settings to the default value. Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure[:LEVel]:DURation:MODE on page 175
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual )
This function allows you to change the measurement duration for automatic setting adjustments. Enter the value in seconds.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure[:LEVel]:DURation:MODE on page 175 [SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure[:LEVel]:DURation on page 175
Upper Level Hysteresis
When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function, the internal attenuators and the preamplifier are also adjusted. To avoid frequent adapta­tion due to small changes in the input signal, you can define a hysteresis. This setting defines an upper threshold the signal must exceed (compared to the last measure­ment) before the reference level is adapted automatically.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:UPPer on page 176
Lower Level Hysteresis
When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function, the internal attenuators and the preamplifier are also adjusted. To avoid frequent adapta­tion due to small changes in the input signal, you can define a hysteresis. This setting defines a lower threshold the signal must fall below (compared to the last measure­ment) before the reference level is adapted automatically.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:LOWer on page 175

6.3 RF Measurements

1xEV-DO measurements require special applications on the R&S FPS, which you acti­vate using the MODE key.
When you activate a measurement channel in 1xEV-DO applications, Code Domain Analysis of the input signal is started automatically. However, the 1xEV-DO applica­tions also provide various RF measurement types.
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RF Measurements
Selecting the measurement type
► To select an RF measurement type, do one of the following:
● Select the "Overview" softkey. In the "Overview", select the "Select Measure­ment" button. Select the required measurement.
● Press the MEAS key. In the "Select Measurement" dialog box, select the required measurement.
Some parameters are set automatically according to the 1xEV-DO standard the first time a measurement is selected (since the last PRESET operation). A list of these parameters is given with each measurement type. The parameters can be changed, but are not reset automatically the next time you re-enter the measurement.
The main measurement configuration menus for the RF measurements are identical to the Spectrum application.
For details refer to "Measurements" in the R&S FPS User Manual.
The measurement-specific settings for the following measurements are available via the "Overview".
● Power Vs Time (BTS only)......................................................................................94
● Signal Channel Power Measurements....................................................................96
● Channel Power (ACLR) Measurements..................................................................97
● Spectrum Emission Mask........................................................................................98
● Occupied Bandwidth............................................................................................... 99
● CCDF...................................................................................................................... 99

6.3.1 Power Vs Time (BTS only)

The Power vs Time measurement performs a special Spectrum Emission Mask mea­surement with predefined settings as defined by the 1xEV-DO standard. To do so, it examines a specified number of half slots. Up to 36 half slots can be captured and pro­cessed simultaneously. That means that for a standard measurement of 100 half slots only three data captures are necessary. After capturing the data the application aver­ages the measured values and compares the results to the emission envelope mask.
Table 6-1: Default settings used for the Power vs Time measurement
Setting Default value
Frequency Span 0 (Zero Span)
Sweep Time 833.38 Ms
RBW 3 MHz
VBW 10 MHz
Detector RMS
Trace Mode Average
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RF Measurements
The measurement-specific settings for the Power vs Time measurement are currently not available via the "Overview", only via softkeys in the "Power vs Time" menu, which is displayed when you press the MEAS CONFIG key.
Furthermore, the following buttons are not available in the "Overview":
●
Signal Description
●
Signal Capture
●
Synchronization
●
Channel Detection
The following settings can be configured for the Power vs Time measurement:
No of HalfSlots.............................................................................................................. 95
RF:Slot.......................................................................................................................... 95
Burst Fit.........................................................................................................................95
Reference Mean Pwr.................................................................................................... 96
Reference Manual.........................................................................................................96
Set Mean to Manual......................................................................................................96
Restart on Fail...............................................................................................................96
No of HalfSlots
Defines the number of halfslots used for averaging. The default value is 100. Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt on page 173
RF:Slot
Defines the expected signal. The limit lines and the borders for calculating the mean power are set accordingly.
"Full"
"Idle"
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:RFSLot on page 184
Burst Fit
Activates an automatic burst alignment to the center of the diagram. If enabled, the fol­lowing steps are performed:
●
1. The algorithm searches the maximum and minimum gradient.
●
2. The maximum peak between these two values is determined.
●
3. From this point the 7 dB down points are searched.
●
4. If these points are within plausible ranges the burst is centered in the screen,
otherwise nothing happens. By default, this algorithm is OFF. This function is only available if the RF:Slot is set to "Idle".
Full slot signal The lower and upper limit line are called "PVTFL"/"PVTFU"
Idle slot signal The lower and upper limit line are called "PVTIL"/"PVTIU"
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RF Measurements
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:PVTime:BURSt:CENTer on page 184
Reference Mean Pwr
If enabled, the mean power is calculated and the limit lines are set relative to that mean power.
The standard requires that the FULL slot first be measured with the limit line relative to the mean power of the averaged time response.
This value should also be used as the reference for the IDLE slot measurement. Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:PVTime:REFerence on page 182
Reference Manual
Defines the reference value for the limits manually. Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:PVTime:REFerence on page 182 CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:PVTime:RVALue on page 183
Set Mean to Manual
When selected, the current mean power value of the averaged time response is used as the fixed reference value for the limit lines. "Reference Manual" is activated. Now the IDLE slot can be selected and the measurement sequence can be finished.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:PVTime:REFerence on page 182
Restart on Fail
Evaluates the limit line over all results at the end of a single sweep. The sweep restarts if the result is "FAIL". After a "PASS" or "MARGIN" result, the sweep ends.
This function is only available in single sweep mode. Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:PVTime:FREStart on page 184

6.3.2 Signal Channel Power Measurements

The Power measurement determines the 1xEV-DO signal channel power.
To do so, the RF signal power of a single channel is analyzed with 1.2288 MHz band­width over a single trace. The displayed results are based on the root mean square. The bandwidth and the associated channel power are displayed in the Result Sum­mary.
In order to determine the signal channel power, the 1xEV-DO application performs a Channel Power measurement as in the Spectrum application with the following set­tings:
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Table 6-2: Predefined settings for 1xEV-DO Output Channel Power measurements
Setting Default Value
ACLR Standard 1xEV-DO MC1
Number of adjacent channels 0
Frequency Span 2 MHz
For further details about the Power measurement refer to "Channel Power and Adja­cent-Channel Power (ACLR) Measurements" in the R&S FPS User Manual.

6.3.3 Channel Power (ACLR) Measurements

The Adjacent Channel Power measurement analyzes the power of the Tx channel and the power of adjacent and alternate channels on the left and right side of the Tx chan­nel. The number of Tx channels and adjacent channels can be modified as well as the band class. The bandwidth and power of the Tx channel and the bandwidth, spacing and power of the adjacent and alternate channels are displayed in the Result Sum­mary.
Channel Power ACLR measurements are performed as in the Spectrum application with the following predefined settings according to 1xEV-DO specifications (adjacent channel leakage ratio).
Table 6-3: Predefined settings for 1xEV-DO ACLR Channel Power measurements
Setting Default value
Bandclass 0: 800 MHz Cellular
Number of adjacent channels 2
For further details about the ACLR measurements refer to "Measuring Channel Power and Adjacent-Channel Power" in the R&S FPS User Manual.
To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
Reference level and reference level offset
●
RBW, VBW
●
Sweep time
●
Span
●
Number of adjacent channels
●
Fast ACLR mode
The main measurement menus for the RF measurements are identical to the Spectrum application. However, for ACLR and SEM measurements in 1xEV-DO applications, an additional softkey is available to select the required bandclass.
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Bandclass
The bandclass defines the frequency band used for ACLR and SEM measurements. It also determines the corresponding limits and ACLR channel settings according to the 1xEV-DO standard.
For an overview of supported bandclasses and their usage, see Chapter A.3, "Refer-
ence: Supported Bandclasses", on page 242.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:BCLass|BANDclass on page 185

6.3.4 Spectrum Emission Mask

The Spectrum Emission Mask measurement shows the quality of the measured signal by comparing the power values in the frequency range near the carrier against a spec­tral mask that is defined by the 1xEV-DO specifications. The limits depend on the selected bandclass. In this way, the performance of the DUT can be tested and the emissions and their distance to the limit be identified.
Note that the 1xEV-DO standard does not distinguish between spurious and spectral emissions.
The Result Summary contains a peak list with the values for the largest spectral emis­sions including their frequency and power.
The 1xEV-DO applications perform the SEM measurement as in the Spectrum applica­tion with the following settings:
Table 6-4: Predefined settings for 1xEV-DO SEM measurements
Bandclass 0: 800 MHz Cellular
Span -4 MHz to +1.98 MHz
Number of ranges 5
Fast SEM ON
Sweep time 100 ms
Number of power classes 3
Power reference type Channel power
For further details about the Spectrum Emission Mask measurements refer to "Spec­trum Emission Mask Measurement" in the R&S FPS User Manual.
Changing the RBW and the VBW is restricted due to the definition of the limits by the standard.
To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
Reference level and reference level offset
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●
Sweep time
●
Span
The main measurement menus for the RF measurements are identical to the Spectrum application. However, for ACLR and SEM measurements, an additional softkey is available to select the required bandclass.
Bandclass
The bandclass defines the frequency band used for ACLR and SEM measurements. It also determines the corresponding limits and ACLR channel settings according to the 1xEV-DO standard.
For an overview of supported bandclasses and their usage, see Chapter A.3, "Refer-
ence: Supported Bandclasses", on page 242.
Remote command:
CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:BCLass|BANDclass on page 185

6.3.5 Occupied Bandwidth

The Occupied Bandwidth measurement is performed as in the Spectrum application with default settings.
Table 6-5: Predefined settings for 1xEV-DO OBW measurements
Setting Default value
% Power Bandwidth 99 %
Channel bandwidth 1.2288 MHz
The Occupied Bandwidth measurement determines the bandwidth that the signal occu­pies. The occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth in which – in default settings
- 99 % of the total signal power is to be found. The percentage of the signal power to be included in the bandwidth measurement can be changed.
For further details about the Occupied Bandwidth measurements refer to "Measuring the Occupied Bandwidth" in the R&S FPS User Manual.
To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
Reference level and reference level offset
●
RBW, VBW
●
Sweep time
●
Span

6.3.6 CCDF

The CCDF measurement determines the distribution of the signal amplitudes (comple­mentary cumulative distribution function). The CCDF and the Crest factor are dis­played. For the purposes of this measurement, a signal section of user-definable
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RF Measurements
length is recorded continuously in zero span, and the distribution of the signal ampli­tudes is evaluated.
The measurement is useful to determine errors of linear amplifiers. The crest factor is defined as the ratio of the peak power and the mean power. The Result Summary dis­plays the number of included samples, the mean and peak power and the crest factor.
The CCDF measurement is performed as in the Spectrum application with the follow­ing settings:
Table 6-6: Predefined settings for 1xEV-DO CCDF measurements
CCDF Active on trace 1
Analysis bandwidth 10 MHz
Number of samples 62500
VBW 5 MHz
For further details about the CCDF measurements refer to "Statistical Measurements" in the R&S FPS User Manual.
To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
Reference level and reference level offset
●
Analysis bandwidth
●
Number of samples
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