R&S®FPS-K82/-K83
CDMA2000® Measurements
User Manual
(;ÚãW2)
1176.8539.02 ─ 04
User Manual
Test & Measurement
This manual applies to the following R&S®FPS models with firmware version 1.50 and higher:
●
R&S®FPS4 (1319.2008K04)
●
R&S®FPS7 (1319.2008K07)
●
R&S®FPS13 (1319.2008K13)
●
R&S®FPS30 (1319.2008K30)
●
R&S®FPS40 (1319.2008K40)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S FPS-K82 (1321.4156.02)
●
R&S FPS-K83 (1321.4162.02)
The software contained in this product uses several valuable open source software packages. For information, see the "Open
Source Acknowledgment" on the user documentation CD-ROM (included in delivery).
Rohde & Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing.
© 2017 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
CDMA2000® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA -USA).
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FPS is abbreviated as R&S FPS. R&S®FPS-K82 / R&S®FPS-K83
is abbreviated as R&S FPS-K82/-K83
R&S®FPS-K82/-K83
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 7
1.1 About this Manual......................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Typographical Conventions.........................................................................................8
2 Welcome to the CDMA2000 Applications............................................ 9
2.1 Starting the CDMA2000 Applications........................................................................10
2.2 Understanding the Display Information....................................................................11
3 Measurements and Result Displays...................................................13
3.1 Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................... 13
3.2 RF Measurements....................................................................................................... 28
4 Measurement Basics........................................................................... 36
Contents
4.1 PCGs and Sets............................................................................................................ 36
4.2 Channels, Codes and Symbols..................................................................................36
4.3 Code Display and Sort Order..................................................................................... 38
4.4 Scrambling via PN Offsets and Long Codes............................................................ 40
4.5 Code Mapping and Branches.....................................................................................40
4.6 Radio Configuration....................................................................................................41
4.7 Transmission with Multiple Carriers and Multiple Antennas..................................41
4.8 Channel Detection and Channel Types.....................................................................43
4.9 Test Setup for CDMA2000 Tests................................................................................46
4.10 CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode........................................................ 48
5 I/Q Data Import and Export..................................................................50
5.1 Import/Export Functions............................................................................................ 50
6 Configuration........................................................................................53
6.1 Result Display............................................................................................................. 53
6.2 Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................... 54
6.3 RF Measurements....................................................................................................... 88
7 Analysis................................................................................................ 94
7.1 Code Domain Analysis Settings................................................................................ 94
7.2 Evaluation Range........................................................................................................ 96
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7.3 Traces...........................................................................................................................98
7.4 Markers........................................................................................................................ 99
8 Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement....................... 106
8.1 Error Messages......................................................................................................... 106
9 How to Perform Measurements in CDMA2000 Applications..........107
10 Measurement Examples.................................................................... 111
10.1 Meas 1: Measuring the Signal Channel Power.......................................................111
10.2 Meas 2: Measuring the Spectrum Emission Mask................................................. 112
10.3 Meas 3: Measuring the Relative Code Domain Power and Frequency Error...... 113
10.4 Meas 4: Measuring the Triggered Relative Code Domain Power......................... 115
10.5 Meas 5: Measuring the Composite EVM................................................................. 116
10.6 Meas 6: Measuring the Peak Code Domain Error and the RHO Factor............... 118
Contents
11 Remote Commands for CDMA2000 Measurements........................120
11.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 120
11.2 Common Suffixes......................................................................................................125
11.3 Activating the Measurement Channel..................................................................... 125
11.4 Selecting a Measurement......................................................................................... 129
11.5 Configuring Code Domain Analysis........................................................................130
11.6 Configuring RF Measurements................................................................................168
11.7 Configuring the Result Display................................................................................170
11.8 Starting a Measurement........................................................................................... 178
11.9 Retrieving Results.....................................................................................................183
11.10 General Analysis....................................................................................................... 203
11.11 Importing and Exporting I/Q Data and Results...................................................... 215
11.12 Configuring the Slave Application Data Range (MSRA mode only).....................217
11.13 Querying the Status Registers.................................................................................219
11.14 Deprecated Commands............................................................................................ 221
11.15 Programming Examples for CDMA2000 BTS Measurements............................... 223
Annex.................................................................................................. 226
A Annex - Reference Data.....................................................................226
A.1 Reference: Predefined Channel Tables.................................................................. 226
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A.2 Reference: Code Tables........................................................................................... 228
A.3 Reference: Supported Bandclasses........................................................................231
A.4 I/Q Data File Format (iq-tar)......................................................................................232
A.5 Abbreviations............................................................................................................ 238
List of Remote Commands (CDMA2000)......................................... 240
Index....................................................................................................244
Contents
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Contents
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1 Preface
Preface
About this Manual
1.1 About this Manual
This User Manual provides all the information specific to the CDMA2000 applications. All general instrument functions and settings common to all applications and
operating modes are described in the main R&S FPS User Manual.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the CDMA2000 Measurements Application
Introduction to and getting familiar with the application
●
Measurements and Result Displays
Details on supported measurements and their result types
●
Measurement Basics
Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the measurement
●
Configuration + Analysis
A concise description of all functions and settings available to configure measurements and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command
●
I/Q Data Import and Export
Description of general functions to import and export raw I/Q (measurement) data
●
Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement
Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the test setup
●
How to Perform Measurements in CDMA2000 Applications
The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step-by-step instructions
for more complex tasks or alternative methods
●
Measurement Examples
Detailed measurement examples to guide you through typical measurement scenarios and allow you to try out the application immediately
●
Remote Commands for CDMA2000 Measurements
Remote commands required to configure and perform CDMA2000 measurements
in a remote environment, sorted by tasks
(Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks on the
instrument are provided in the main R&S FPS User Manual)
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes
●
Annex
Reference material
●
List of remote commands
Alpahabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
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Preface
Typographical Conventions
1.2 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
KEYS Key names are written in capital letters.
File names, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
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2 Welcome to the CDMA2000 Applications
The CDMA2000 options are firmware applications that add functionality to the
R&S FPS to perform measurements on downlink or uplink signals according to the
CDMA2000 standard.
R&S FPS-K82 performs Base Transceiver Station (BTS) measurements on forward
link signals on the basis of the 3GPP2 Standard (Third Generation Partnership Project
2).
R&S FPS-K83 performs Mobile Station (MS) measurements on reverse link signals on
the basis of the 3GPP2 Standard (Third Generation Partnership Project 2).
The measurements are based on the "Physical Layer Standard for CDMA2000 Spread
Spectrum Systems Release C" of version C.S0002-C V1.0 dated May 2002 and "Recommended Minimum Performance Standard for CDMA2000 Spread Spectrum Base
Stations" of version C.S0010-B dated December 2002. This standard has been adopted by the following authorities with the specified norm:
TIA: TIA/EIA-97-E dated February 2003 (also known as IS-97-E)
Welcome to the CDMA2000 Applications
Reference made to the CDMA2000 specification in the following text alludes to these
standards.
The application firmware R&S FPS-82 supports radio configurations 1 to 5 and 10.
Thus, IS95A/B signals conforming to radio configurations 1&2 can also be measured
with this application firmware. Channels and modulation types of the 1xEV– DV
enhancement are supported as well.
The application firmware R&S FPS-83 supports the radio configurations 3 and 4. Apart
from CDMA2000 reverse link signals, the 1xEV-DV reverse link channels of Release C
are also supported. Code Domain Analysis is also possible at signals where the pilot
channel is active in at least one of the captured power control groups (pilot gating).
In addition to the code domain measurements described in the CDMA2000 standard,
the CDMA2000 applications feature measurements in the spectral range such as channel power, adjacent channel power, occupied bandwidth and spectrum emission mask
with predefined settings.
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the applications provide, including remote control operation.
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum application and are described in the R&S FPS User Manual. The latest version is available
for download at the product homepage
http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FPS.html.
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the R&S FPS Getting Started manual
or in the Release Notes.
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Welcome to the CDMA2000 Applications
Starting the CDMA2000 Applications
2.1 Starting the CDMA2000 Applications
The CDMA2000 measurements require special applications on the R&S FPS.
Manual operation via an external monitor and mouse
Although the R&S FPS does not have a built-in display, it is possible to operate it interactively in manual mode using a graphical user interface with an external monitor and
a mouse connected.
It is recommended that you use the manual mode initially to get familiar with the instrument and its functions before using it in pure remote mode. Thus, this document
describes in detail how to operate the instrument manually using an external monitor
and mouse. The remote commands are described in the second part of the document.
For details on manual operation see the R&S FPS Getting Started manual.
To activate the CDMA2000 applications
1. Press the MODE key.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FPS.
2. Select the "cdma2000 BTS" or "cdma2000 MS" item.
The R&S FPS opens a new measurement channel for the CDMA2000 application.
The measurement is started immediately with the default settings. It can be configured
in the CDMA2000 "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when you select the
"Overview" softkey from any menu (see Chapter 6.2.1, "Configuration Overview",
on page 55).
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you activate a CDMA2000 application, a new measurement channel is created
which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application
can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for
the same application.
The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the available memory on the instrument.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
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are updated in the tabs (as well as the "MultiView") as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FPS User Manual.
Welcome to the CDMA2000 Applications
Understanding the Display Information
2.2 Understanding the Display Information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram in the CDMA2000 BTS application. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the
following sections.
(The basic screen elements are identical in the CDMA2000 MS application.)
1
= Channel bar for firmware and measurement settings
2 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
3 = Diagram area with marker information
4 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on measurement
5 = Instrument status bar with error messages, progress bar and date/time display
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, additional tabs and elements are available. A colored background of the screen behind the measurement channel tabs indicates that you are in
MSRA operating mode. RF measurements are not available in MSRA operating mode.
For details on the MSRA operating mode see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
Channel bar information
In CDMA2000 applications, the R&S FPS shows the following settings:
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Table 2-1: Information displayed in the channel bar in CDMA2000 applications
Ref Level Reference level
Freq Center frequency for the RF signal
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Channel Channel number (code number and spreading factor)
PCG Power control group (see Chapter 4.1, "PCGs and Sets", on page 36)
Power Ref Reference used for power results
SymbRate Symbol rate of the currently selected channel
In addition, the channel bar also displays information on instrument settings that affect
the measurement results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display
of the measured values (e.g. transducer or trigger settings). This information is displayed only when applicable for the current measurement. For details see the
R&S FPS Getting Started manual.
Window title bar information
Welcome to the CDMA2000 Applications
Understanding the Display Information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
Figure 2-1: Window title bar information in CDMA2000 applications
1 = Window number
2 = Window type
3 = Trace color
4 = Trace number
5 = Detector
Diagram footer information
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the following information, depending on the evaluation:
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
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3 Measurements and Result Displays
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
The CDMA2000 applications provide several different measurements for signals
according to the CDMA2000 standard. The main and default measurement is Code
Domain Analysis. In addition to the code domain power measurements specified by the
CDMA2000 standard, the CDMA2000 applications offer measurements with predefined
settings in the frequency domain, e.g. RF power measurements.
For details on selecting measurements, see "Selecting the measurement type"
on page 53.
Evaluation methods
The captured and processed data for each measurement can be evaluated with various different methods. All evaluation methods available for the selected CDMA2000
measurement are displayed in the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode.
The evaluation methods for CDA are described in Chapter 3.1.2, "Evaluation Methods
for Code Domain Analysis", on page 16.
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
● Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................13
● RF Measurements...................................................................................................28
3.1 Code Domain Analysis
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Code Domain Analyzer"
The CDMA2000 firmware applications feature a Code Domain Analyzer. It can be used
used to perform the measurements required in the CDMA2000 standards with regard
to the power of the different codes and code channels (concentrated codes). In addition, the modulation quality (EVM and RHO factor), frequency errors and trigger–to–
frame time, as well as the peak code domain errors are determined. Constellation evaluations and bitstream evaluations are also available. Furthermore, the timing and
phase offsets of the channels to the pilot can also be calculated. The observation
period can be set as multiples of the power control group (PCG).
Basically, the firmware differentiates between the following result classes for the evaluations:
●
Results which take the overall signal into account over the whole observation
period (all PCGs)
●
Results which take the overall signal into account over a power control group
(PCG)
●
Results which take one channel into account over the whole observation period (all
PCGs)
●
Results which take one channel into account over a power control group (PCG)
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Remote command:
CONF:CDP:MEAS CDP, see CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 129
● Code Domain Parameters.......................................................................................14
● Evaluation Methods for Code Domain Analysis......................................................16
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
3.1.1 Code Domain Parameters
In the Result Summary, three different types of measurement results are determined
and displayed:
●
General results for the current set
●
PCG results for the current set and PCG
●
Channel results for the selected channel
In the Channel Table, channel results for all channels are displayed.
General Results
Under "General Results", the measurement results that concern the total signal (that is,
all channels) for the entire period of observation (that is, all PCGs) are displayed:
Table 3-1: General code domain power results for the current set
Parameter Description
Carrier Frequency Error Shows the frequency error referred to the center frequency of the R&S FPS. The
absolute frequency error is the sum of the frequency error of the R&S FPS and
that of the device under test. Frequency differences between the transmitter and
receiver of more than 1.0 kHz impair synchronization of the Code Domain Power
measurement. It is strongly recommended that you synchronize the transmitter
and the receiver.
The frequency error is available in the units Hz or ppm referred to the carrier frequency.
Chip Rate Error Shows the chip rate error (1.2288 Mcps) in ppm. A large chip rate error results in
symbol errors and, therefore, in possible synchronization errors for Code
Domain Power measurements. This measurement result is also valid if the
R&S FPS could not synchronize to the CDMA2000 signal.
Trigger to Frame Reflects the time offset from the beginning of the recorded signal section to the
start of the first PCG. In case of triggered data recording, this corresponds to the
timing offset:
timing offset = frame trigger (+ trigger offset) – start of first PCG
If it was not possible to synchronize the R&S FPS to the CDMA2000 signal, this
measurement result is meaningless. For the "Free Run" trigger mode, dashes
are displayed.
Active Channels Specifies the number of active channels found in the signal. Detected data chan-
nels as well as special channels are regarded as active. With transmit diversity,
the result applies to the selected Antenna Diversity - Antenna Number.
PCG Results
PCG results concern the total signal (that is, all channels) for the selected PCG.
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Table 3-2: Code domain power results for the current PCG
Parameter Description
Total Power Shows the total power of the signal.
Pilot Power Shows the power of the pilot channel. If antenna 2 is selected, the power of the
RHO Shows the quality parameter RHO. According to the CDMA2000 standard, RHO
Composite EVM The composite EVM is the difference between the test signal and the ideal refer-
IQ Imbalance Shows the IQ imbalance of the signal in %.
Offset Shows the IQ offset of the signal in %.
Channel results
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
F-TDPICH is displayed, in all other cases that of the F-PICH. For details on
antenna selection, refer to "Antenna Diversity - Antenna Number" on page 58.
is the normalized, correlated power between the measured and the ideally generated reference signal. When RHO is measured, the CDMA2000 standard
requires that only the pilot channel be supplied.
ence signal. For further details, refer to the Composite EVM result display.
In the Result Summary, channel results of the selected channel and the selected PCG
are displayed.
In the Channel Table, channel results for all channels are displayed. For details, see
"Channel Table" on page 17.
Not all channel results displayed in the Result Summary are also displayed in the
Channel Table and vice versa.
Table 3-3: Channel-specific parameters
Parameter Description
Channel Channel number including the spreading factor (in the form <Channel>.<SF>)
Modulation Type (BTS application only):
Displays the modulation type of the channel and PCG: BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, or
16QAM
Mapping (MS application only):
Indicates the selected branch (I or Q)
Phase Offset Phase offset between the selected channel and the pilot channel
If enabled (see "Timing and phase offset calculation " on page 95), the maximum value of the phase offset is displayed together with the associated channel
in the last two lines. Since the phase offset values of each active channel can be
either negative or positive, the absolute values are compared and the maximum
is displayed with the original sign.
Power Absolute Absolute (dBm) power of the channel
Power Relative Relative (dB) power of the channel (refers either to the pilot channel or the total
power of the signal)
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Parameter Description
Symbol EVM Peak or mean value of the EVM measurement result
Timing Offset Timing offset between the selected channel and the pilot channel
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
For further details, refer to the result display "Symbol EVM" on page 27.
If enabled (see "Timing and phase offset calculation " on page 95), the maximum value of the timing offset is displayed together with the associated channel
in the last two lines. Since the timing offset values of each active channel can be
either negative or positive, the absolute values are compared and the maximum
is displayed with the original sign.
3.1.2 Evaluation Methods for Code Domain Analysis
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
The captured I/Q data can be evaluated using various different methods without having
to start a new measurement. All evaluation methods available for the selected
CDMA2000 measurement are displayed in the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode.
The selected evaluation not only affects the result display, but also the results of the
trace data query (see TRACe<n>[:DATA]? on page 186).
The Code Domain Analyzer provides the following evaluation methods for measurements in the code domain:
Bitstream.......................................................................................................................16
Channel Table...............................................................................................................17
└ Table Configuration.........................................................................................18
Code Domain Power / Code Domain Error Power........................................................19
Composite Constellation............................................................................................... 20
Composite EVM............................................................................................................ 21
Mag Error vs Chip......................................................................................................... 22
Peak Code Domain Error..............................................................................................23
Phase Error vs Chip......................................................................................................23
Power vs PCG...............................................................................................................25
Power vs Symbol.......................................................................................................... 25
Result Summary............................................................................................................26
Symbol Constellation.................................................................................................... 26
Symbol EVM................................................................................................................. 27
Symbol Magnitude Error............................................................................................... 27
Symbol Phase Error......................................................................................................28
Bitstream
The "Bitstream" evaluation displays the demodulated bits of a selected channel over a
selected PCG.
All bits that are part of inactive channels are marked as being invalid using dashes.
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Figure 3-1: Bitstream result display for the BTS application
To select a specific symbol, press the MKR key. If you enter a number, the marker
jumps to the selected symbol. If there are more symbols than the screen can display,
use the marker to scroll inside the list.
The number of symbols per PCG depends on the spreading factor (symbol rate) and
the antenna diversity. The number of bits per symbol depends on the modulation type.
For details, see Chapter 4, "Measurement Basics", on page 36.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, 'XTIM:CDP:BSTR', see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]?
on page 171
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Channel Table
The "Channel Table" evaluation displays the detected channels and the results of the
code domain power measurement over the selected PCG. The analysis results for all
channels are displayed. Thus, the Channel Table can contain up to 128 entries, corresponding to the highest base spreading factor of 128.
The first entries of the table indicate the channels that must be available in the signal to
be analyzed and any other control channels (PICH, SYNC etc.).
The lower part of the table indicates the data channels that are contained in the signal.
If the type of a channel can be fully recognized, based on pilot sequences or modula-
tion type, the type is indicated in the table. In the BTS application, all other channels
are of type CHAN.
The channels are in descending order according to symbol rates and, within a symbol
rate, in ascending order according to the channel numbers. Therefore, the inactive
codes are always displayed at the end of the table (if "Show inactive channels" is
enabled, see "Table Configuration" on page 18.
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Figure 3-2: Channel Table display for the BTS application
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CTABle, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
Table Configuration ← Channel Table
You can configure which parameters are displayed in the Channel Table by doubleclicking the table header. A "Table Configuration" dialog box is displayed in which you
select the columns to be displayed.
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
By default, only active channels are displayed. To display all channels, including the
inactive ones, enable the "Show Inactive Channels" option.
The following parameters of the detected channels are determined by the CDP measurement and can be displayed in the Channel Table result display. (For details, see
Chapter 3.1.1, "Code Domain Parameters", on page 14.)
Table 3-4: Code domain power results in the channel table
Parameter Description
Channel Type Shows the channel type ('---' for inactive channels)
Walsh Ch.SF Channel number including the spreading factor (in the form <Channel>.<SF>)
(P Offs [mrad]) Phase offset between the selected channel and the pilot channel
If enabled (see "Timing and phase offset calculation " on page 95), the maximum
value of the phase offset is displayed together with the associated channel in the
last two lines. Since the phase offset values of each active channel can be either
negative or positive, the absolute values are compared and the maximum is displayed with the original sign.
Pwr [dBm]) Absolute (dBm) power of the channel
Pwr [dB] Relative (dB) power of the channel (refers either to the pilot channel or the total
power of the signal)
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Parameter Description
RC (BTS application only):
Mapping (MS application only):
Status Channel status; Unassigned codes are identified as inactive channels
Symbol Rate [ksps] Symbol rate at which the channel is transmitted (9.6 ksps to 307.2 ksps)
(T Offs [ns]) Timing offset between the selected channel and the pilot channel
Code Domain Power / Code Domain Error Power
The "Code Domain Power" evaluation shows the power of all possible code channels
in the total signal over the selected PCG.
"Code Domain Error Power" is the difference in power between the measured and the
ideal signal.
The x-axis represents the channel (code) number, which corresponds to the base
spreading factor. The y-axis is a logarithmic level axis that shows the (error) power of
each channel. With the error power, both active and inactive channels can be evaluated at a glance.
Both evaluations support either Hadamard or BitReverse code sorting order (see
Chapter 4.3, "Code Display and Sort Order", on page 38).
MS application only: the (error) power is calculated only for the selected branch (I or
Q).
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Radio configuration
Branch the data is mapped to
If enabled (see "Timing and phase offset calculation " on page 95), the maximum
value of the timing offset is displayed together with the associated channel in the
last two lines. Since the timing offset values of each active channel can be either
negative or positive, the absolute values are compared and the maximum is displayed with the original sign.
Figure 3-3: Code Domain Power Display for the BTS application
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Figure 3-4: Code Domain Error Power result display for the MS application
Active and inactive data channels are defined via the Inactive Channel Threshold. The
power values of the active and inactive channels are shown in different colors. In addition, codes with alias power can occur (see "Alias power" on page 39).
Table 3-5: Assignment of colors in CDEP result display
Color Usage
Red Selected channel (code number)
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Yellow Active channel
Green Inactive channel
Light blue Alias power of higher spreading factor
Magenta Alias power as a result of transmit diversity
Note: If codes with alias power are displayed, set the highest base spreading factor
available in the Base Spreading Factor field.
It is not recommended that you select more detailed result displays (such as "Symbol
Constell") for unassigned or inactive codes, since the results are not valid.
Remote command:
CDP:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDPower, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? CDP or CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? CDPR; see
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 183
CDEP:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDEPower, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 183.
Composite Constellation
In "Composite Constellation" evaluation, the constellation points of the 1536 chips are
displayed for the specified PCG. This data is determined inside the DSP even before
the channel search. Thus, it is not possible to assign constellation points to channels.
The constellation points are displayed normalized with respect to the total power.
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Figure 3-5: Composite Constellation display for the BTS application
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CCON, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 183
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Composite EVM
This result display measures the modulation accuracy. It determines the error vector
magnitude (EVM) over the total signal. The EVM is the root of the ratio of the mean
error power (root mean square) to the power of an ideally generated reference signal.
Thus, the EVM is shown in %. The diagram consists of a composite EVM for each
PCG.
The measurement evaluates the total signal over the entire period of observation. The
selected PCG is highlighted red. You can set the number of PCGs in the "Signal Capture" settings (see "Number of PCGs" on page 76).
Figure 3-6: Composite EVM result display
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Only the channels detected as being active are used to generate the ideal reference
signal. For example, a channel may not be detected as being active due to low power.
In this case, the difference between the test signal and the reference signal - and
therefore the composite EVM - is very large. Distortions also occur if unassigned codes
are wrongly given the status of "active channel". To obtain reliable measurement
results, select an adequate channel threshold via the Inactive Channel Threshold setting.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CEVM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? MACCuracy; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:
FUNCtion:CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 183
Mag Error vs Chip
The Magnitude Error versus chip display shows the magnitude error for all chips of the
selected slot.
The magnitude error is calculated as the difference of the magnitude of the received
signal to the magnitude of the reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from
the channel configuration of all active channels. The magnitude error is related to the
square root of the mean power of reference signal and given in percent.
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Where:
MAG
k
s
k
x
k
k Index number of the evaluated chip
N Number of chips at each CPICH slot
n Index number for mean power calculation of reference signal
Figure 3-7: Magnitude Error vs Chip display for CDMA2000 BTS measurements
Magnitude error of chip number k
Complex chip value of received signal
Complex chip value of reference signal
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MECHip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Peak Code Domain Error
The Peak Code Domain Error is defined as the maximum value for the Code Domain
Power / Code Domain Error Power for all codes. Thus, the error between the measure-
ment signal and the ideal reference signal is projected onto the code domain at a specific base spreading factor. In the diagram, each bar of the x-axis represents one PCG.
The y-axis represents the error power.
The measurement evaluates the total signal over the entire period of observation. The
currently selected PCG is highlighted red.
You can select the Base Spreading Factor and the number of evaluated PCGs in the
Signal Capture settings (see "Number of PCGs" on page 76).
MS application: the error is calculated only for the selected branch (I or Q).
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Figure 3-8: Peak Code Domain Error display for the BTS application
Note: Only the channels detected as being active are used to generate the ideal reference signal. For example, a channel may not be detected as being active due to low
power. In this case, the difference between the test signal and the reference signal is
very large. The result display therefore shows a peak code domain error that is too
high. Distortions also occur if unassigned codes are wrongly given the status of "active
channel". To obtain reliable measurement results, select an adequate channel threshold via the Inactive Channel Threshold setting.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PCDerror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? PCDerror; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:
FUNCtion:CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 183
Phase Error vs Chip
Phase Error vs Chip activates the phase error versus chip display. The phase error is
displayed for all chips of the selected slot.
The phase error is calculated by the difference of the phase of received signal and
phase of reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from the channel configuration of all active channels. The phase error is given in degrees in a range of +180° to
-180°.
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Figure 3-9: Calculating the magnitude, phase and vector error per chip
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Where:
PHI
k
s
k
x
k
k Index number of the evaluated chip
N Number of chips at each CPICH slot
φ(x) Phase calculation of a complex value
Phase error of chip number k
Complex chip value of received signal
Complex chip value of reference signal
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PECHip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
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Power vs PCG
In this result display, the power of the selected channel is averaged for each measured
PCG and referred to the pilot power of the PCG. Therefore the unit of the y-axis is dB
(relative to the Pilot Channel). The result display consists of the number of the PCGs in
the measurement and the power value of each one.
For measurements in which antenna diversity is inactive (OFF) or set to "Antenna 1",
the F-PICH channel is used as reference. The F-TDPICH channel is used for measurements in which antenna diversity is set to "Antenna 2".
Note: For signals with enabled power control, use the default reference power setting.
For details, refer to "Power Reference" on page 96.
The measurement evaluates one code channel over the entire period of observation.
The selected PCG is highlighted red.
MS application: the power is calculated only for the selected branch (I or Q).
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Figure 3-10: Power vs PCG Display for the BTS application
Note: To detect the start of a power control group correctly, the external trigger must
be used for power-regulated signals.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PSLot, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
Power vs Symbol
The "Power vs. Symbol" evaluation calculates the absolute power in dBm for each
symbol in the selected channel and the selected PCG.
Figure 3-11: Power vs Symbol result display
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PSYMbol, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 183
Result Summary
The "Result Summary" evaluation displays a list of measurement results on the screen.
For details on the displayed values, see Chapter 3.1.1, "Code Domain Parameters",
on page 14.
Figure 3-12: Result Summary result display
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, RSUMmary, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 183
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
Symbol Constellation
The "Symbol Constellation" evaluation shows all modulated symbols of the selected
channel and the selected PCG.
The BTS application supports BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM modulation types. The
modulation type itself depends on the channel type. Refer to Chapter 4.8.1, "BTS
Channel Types", on page 43 for further information.
Note: QPSK constellation points are located on the diagonals (not x and y-axis) of the
constellation diagram. BPSK constellation points are always on the x-axis.
Figure 3-13: Symbol Constellation display for the BTS application
The number of symbols is in the range from 6 (min) to 384 (max), depending on the
symbol rate of the channel (see Chapter 4, "Measurement Basics", on page 36).
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SCONst, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 183
Symbol EVM
The "Symbol EVM" evaluation shows the error between the measured signal and the
ideal reference signal in percent for the selected channel and the selected PCG. A
trace over all symbols of a PCG is drawn.
Figure 3-14: Symbol EVM display for the BTS application
Measurements and Result Displays
Code Domain Analysis
The number of symbols is in the range from 6 (min) to 384 (max), depending on the
symbol rate of the channel (see Chapter 4, "Measurement Basics", on page 36).
Inactive channels can be measured, but the result is meaningless since these channels do not contain data.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SEVM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
CALC:MARK:FUNC:CDP:RES? ; see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
CDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 183
Symbol Magnitude Error
The Symbol Magnitude Error is calculated analogous to symbol EVM. The result is one
symbol magnitude error value for each symbol of the slot of a special channel. Positive
values of symbol magnitude error indicate a symbol magnitude that is larger than the
expected ideal value. Negative symbol magnitude errors indicate a symbol magnitude
that is less than the expected ideal value. The symbol magnitude error is the difference
between the magnitude of the received symbol and that of the reference symbol, related to the magnitude of the reference symbol.
Figure 3-15: Symbol Magnitude Error display for CDMA2000 BTS measurements
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SMERror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Symbol Phase Error
The Symbol Phase Error is calculated analogous to symbol EVM. The result is one
symbol phase error value for each symbol of the slot of a special channel. Positive values of symbol phase error indicate a symbol phase that is larger than the expected
ideal value. Negative symbol phase errors indicate a symbol phase that is less than the
expected ideal value.
Measurements and Result Displays
RF Measurements
Figure 3-16: Symbol Phase Error display for CDMA2000 BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SPERror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 171
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
3.2 RF Measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement"
In addition to the Code Domain Analysis measurements, the CDMA2000 firmware
applications also provide some RF measurements as defined in the CDMA2000 standard. RF measurements are identical to the corresponding measurements in the base
unit, but configured according to the requirements of the CDMA2000 standard.
For details on these measurements, see the R&S FPS User Manual.
3.2.1 RF Measurement Types and Results
The CDMA2000 applications provide the following RF measurements:
Power............................................................................................................................29
Channel Power ACLR...................................................................................................29
Spectrum Emission Mask..............................................................................................30
Occupied Bandwidth..................................................................................................... 31
CCDF............................................................................................................................ 32
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Power
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Power"
The Power measurement determines the CDMA2000 signal channel power.
To do so, the CDMA2000 application performs a Channel Power measurement as in
the Spectrum application with settings according to the CDMA2000 standard. The
bandwidth and the associated channel power are displayed in the Result Summary.
Measurements and Result Displays
RF Measurements
Remote command:
CONF:CDP:MEAS POW, see CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 129
Querying results: CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? CPOW, see CALCulate<n>:
MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 201
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 201
Channel Power ACLR
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Channel Power ACLR"
Channel Power ACLR performs an adjacent channel power measurement in the
default setting according to CDMA2000 specifications (adjacent channel leakage ratio).
The R&S FPS measures the channel power and the relative power of the adjacent
channels and of the alternate channels. The results are displayed in the Result Summary.
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Remote command:
CONF:CDP:MEAS ACLR, see CONFigure:CDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 129
Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 201
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 201
Measurements and Result Displays
RF Measurements
Spectrum Emission Mask
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Spectrum Emission Mask"
The Spectrum Emission Mask measurement determines the power of the CDMA2000
signal in defined offsets from the carrier and compares the power values with a spectral mask specified by the CDMA2000 specifications. The limits depend on the selected
bandclass. Thus, the performance of the DUT can be tested and the emissions and
their distance to the limit be identified.
Note: The CDMA2000 standard does not distinguish between spurious and spectral
emissions.
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