R&S®FPS-K72/K73
3GPP FDD Measurements Options
User Manual
(;ÚãF2)
1176.8522.02 ─ 08
User Manual
Test & Measurement
This manual applies to the following R&S®FPS models with firmware version 1.50 and higher:
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R&S®FPS4 (1319.2008K04)
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R&S®FPS7 (1319.2008K07)
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R&S®FPS13 (1319.2008K13)
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R&S®FPS30 (1319.2008K30)
●
R&S®FPS40 (1319.2008K40)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S FPS-K72 (1321.4133.02)
●
R&S FPS-K73 (1321.4140.02)
The software contained in this product uses several valuable open source software packages. For information, see the "Open
Source Acknowledgment" on the user documentation CD-ROM (included in delivery).
Rohde & Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing.
© 2017 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of their owners.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FPS is abbreviated as R&S FPS. "R&S FPS-K72 and R&S FPSK73" are abbreviated as "R&S FPS-K72/K73".
R&S®FPS-K72/K73
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 7
1.1 About this Manual......................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Typographical Conventions.........................................................................................8
2 Welcome to the 3GPP FDD Applications............................................. 9
2.1 Starting the 3GPP FDD Application.............................................................................9
2.2 Understanding the Display Information....................................................................11
3 Measurements and Result Display.....................................................13
3.1 Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................... 13
3.2 Time Alignment Error Measurements....................................................................... 31
3.3 RF Measurements....................................................................................................... 33
Contents
4 Measurement Basics........................................................................... 40
4.1 Channel Detection.......................................................................................................43
4.2 BTS Channel Types.................................................................................................... 43
4.3 UE Channel Types.......................................................................................................47
4.4 3GPP FDD BTS Test Models...................................................................................... 48
4.5 Setup for Base Station Tests..................................................................................... 49
4.6 3GPP FDD UE Test Models........................................................................................ 50
4.7 Setup for User Equipment Tests............................................................................... 51
4.8 Time Alignment Error Measurements....................................................................... 52
4.9 CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode........................................................ 54
5 Configuration........................................................................................56
5.1 Result Display............................................................................................................. 56
5.2 Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................... 57
5.3 Time Alignment Error Measurements....................................................................... 92
5.4 RF Measurements....................................................................................................... 99
6 Analysis.............................................................................................. 104
6.1 Evaluation Range...................................................................................................... 104
6.2 Code Domain Settings (BTS Measurements)......................................................... 107
6.3 Code Domain Settings (UE Measurements)........................................................... 109
6.4 Traces.........................................................................................................................110
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6.5 Trace / Data Export Configuration...........................................................................112
6.6 Markers...................................................................................................................... 113
7 I/Q Data Import and Export................................................................120
7.1 Import/Export Functions.......................................................................................... 120
8 Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement....................... 123
8.1 Error Messages......................................................................................................... 123
9 How to Perform Measurements in 3GPP FDD Applications.......... 124
10 Measurement Examples.................................................................... 129
10.1 Measurement 1: Measuring the Signal Channel Power.........................................129
10.2 Measurement 2: Determining the Spectrum Emission Mask................................130
10.3 Measurement 3: Measuring the Relative Code Domain Power.............................132
Contents
10.4 Measurement 4: Triggered Measurement of Relative Code Domain Power........136
10.5 Measurement 5: Measuring the Composite EVM................................................... 138
10.6 Measurement 6: Determining the Peak Code Domain Error................................. 139
11 Remote Commands for 3GPP FDD Measurements........................ 142
11.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 142
11.2 Common Suffixes......................................................................................................147
11.3 Activating 3GPP FDD Measurements......................................................................148
11.4 Selecting a Measurement......................................................................................... 152
11.5 Configuring Code Domain Analysis and Time Alignment Error Measurements
.................................................................................................................................... 153
11.6 Configuring RF Measurements................................................................................205
11.7 Configuring the Result Display................................................................................207
11.8 Starting a Measurement........................................................................................... 215
11.9 Retrieving Results.....................................................................................................220
11.10 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 247
11.11 Importing and Exporting I/Q Data and Results...................................................... 259
11.12 Configuring the Slave Application Data Range (MSRA mode only).....................261
11.13 Querying the Status Registers.................................................................................263
11.14 Deprecated Commands............................................................................................ 266
11.15 Programming Examples (R&S FPS-k72).................................................................269
12 I/Q Data File Format (iq-tar)...............................................................277
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12.1 I/Q Parameter XML File Specification......................................................................278
12.2 I/Q Data Binary File................................................................................................... 281
List of Remote Commands (3GPP FDD).......................................... 283
Index....................................................................................................288
Contents
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Contents
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1 Preface
Preface
About this Manual
1.1 About this Manual
This 3GPP FDD User Manual provides all the information specific to the 3GPP FDD
applications. All general instrument functions and settings common to all applications
and operating modes are described in the main R&S FPS User Manual.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the 3GPP FDD Measurements Application
Introduction to and getting familiar with the application
●
Measurements and Result Displays
Details on supported measurements and their result types
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Measurement Basics
Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the measurement
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Configuration + Analysis
A concise description of all functions and settings available to configure measurements and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command
●
I/Q Data Import and Export
Description of general functions to import and export raw I/Q (measurement) data
●
Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement
Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the test setup
●
How to Perform Measurements in 3GPP FDD Applications
The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step-by-step instructions
for more complex tasks or alternative methods
●
Measurement Examples
Detailed measurement examples to guide you through typical measurement scenarios and allow you to try out the application immediately
●
Remote Commands for 3GPP FDD Measurements
Remote commands required to configure and perform 3GPP FDD measurements
in a remote environment, sorted by tasks
(Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks on the
instrument are provided in the main R&S FPS User Manual)
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes
●
List of remote commands
Alpahabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
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Preface
Typographical Conventions
1.2 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
KEYS Key names are written in capital letters.
File names, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
File names, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
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2 Welcome to the 3GPP FDD Applications
The 3GPP FDD applications add functionality to the R&S FPS to perform code domain
analysis or power measurements according to the 3GPP standard (FDD mode). The
application firmware is in line with the 3GPP standard (Third Generation Partnership
Project) with Release 5. Signals that meet the conditions for channel configuration of
test models 1 to 4 according to the 3GPP standard, e.g. W-CDMA signals using FDD,
can be measured with the 3GPP FDD BTS application. In addition to the code domain
measurements specified by the 3GPP standard, the application firmware offers measurements with predefined settings in the frequency domain, e.g. power and ACLR
measurements.
R&S FPS-K72 performs Base Transceiver Station (BTS) measurements (for downlink
signals).
R&S FPS-K73 performs User Equipment (UE) measurements (for uplink signals).
In particular, the 3GPP FDD applications feature:
●
●
●
●
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Welcome to the 3GPP FDD Applications
Starting the 3GPP FDD Application
Code domain analysis, providing results like code domain power, EVM, peak code
domain error etc.
Time alignment error determination
Various power measurements
Spectrum Emission Mask measurements
Statistical (CCDF) evaluation
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum application and are described in the R&S FPS User Manual. The latest version is available
for download at the product homepage
http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FPS.html.
Installation
You can find detailed installation instructions in the R&S FPS Getting Started manual
or in the Release Notes.
2.1 Starting the 3GPP FDD Application
The 3GPP FDD measurements require a special application on the R&S FPS.
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Manual operation via an external monitor and mouse
Although the R&S FPS does not have a built-in display, it is possible to operate it interactively in manual mode using a graphical user interface with an external monitor and
a mouse connected.
It is recommended that you use the manual mode initially to get familiar with the instrument and its functions before using it in pure remote mode. Thus, this document
describes in detail how to operate the instrument manually using an external monitor
and mouse. The remote commands are described in the second part of the document.
For details on manual operation see the R&S FPS Getting Started manual.
To activate the 3GPP FDD applications
1. Select the MODE key.
2. Select the "3GPP FDD BTS" or "3GPP FDD UE" item.
Welcome to the 3GPP FDD Applications
Starting the 3GPP FDD Application
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FPS.
The R&S FPS opens a new measurement channel for the 3GPP FDD application.
A Code Domain Analysis measurement is started immediately with the default settings.
It can be configured in the 3GPP FDD "Overview" dialog box, which is displayed when
you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu (see Chapter 5.2.1, "Configuration
Overview", on page 58).
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
are updated in the tabs (including the "MultiView") as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FPS User Manual.
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
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Welcome to the 3GPP FDD Applications
Understanding the Display Information
2.2 Understanding the Display Information
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during a 3GPP FDD BTS measurement. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail
in the following sections.
(The basic screen elements are identical for 3GPP FDD UE measurements)
1
= Channel bar for firmware and measurement settings
2+3 = Window title bar with diagram-specific (trace) information
4 = Diagram area
5 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information
6 = Instrument status bar with error messages, progress bar and date/time display
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, additional tabs and elements are available. A colored background of the screen behind the measurement channel tabs indicates that you are in
MSRA operating mode.
For details on the MSRA operating mode see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
Channel bar information
In 3GPP FDD applications, when performing Code Domain Analysis, the R&S FPS
screen display deviates from the Spectrum application. For RF measurements, the
familiar settings are displayed (see the R&S FPS Getting Started manual).
Table 2-1: Hardware settings displayed in the channel bar in 3GPP FDD applications for Code
Ref Level Reference level
Att Mechanical and electronic RF attenuation
Domain Analysis
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Welcome to the 3GPP FDD Applications
Understanding the Display Information
Freq Center frequency for the RF signal
Channel Channel number (code number and spreading factor)
CPICH Slot
/ Slot (UE)
Power Power result mode:
SymbRate Symbol rate of the current channel
Capture (UE application (K73) only): basis for analysis (slot or frame)
Slot of the (CPICH) channel
●
Absolute
●
Relative to CPICH (BTS application (K72) only)
●
Relative to total power
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
Figure 2-1: Window title bar information in 3GPP applications
1 = Window number
2 = Window type
3 = Trace color
4 = Trace number
5 = Detector
Diagram footer information
For most graphical evaluations the diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains scaling information for the x-axis, where applicable:
●
Start channel/chip/frame/slot
●
Channel/chip/frame/slot per division
●
Stop channel/chip/frame/slot
For the Bitstream evaluation, the diagram footer indicates:
●
Channel format (type and modulation type (HS-PDSCH only))
●
Number of data bits
●
Number of TPC bits
●
Number of TFCI bits
●
Number of pilot bits
(The bit numbers are indicated in the order they occur.)
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
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3 Measurements and Result Display
The 3GPP FDD applications provide several different measurements for signals
according to the 3GPP FDD standard. The main and default measurement is Code
Domain Analysis. Furthermore, a Time Alignment Error measurement is provided.
In addition to the code domain power measurements specified by the 3GPP standard,
the 3GPP FDD options offer measurements with predefined settings in the frequency
domain, e.g. RF power measurements.
Evaluation methods
The captured and processed data for each measurement can be evaluated with various different methods. All evaluation methods available for the selected 3GPP FDD
measurement are displayed in the evaluation bar in SmartGrid mode.
Evaluation range
You can restrict evaluation to a specific channel, frame or slot, depending on the evaluation method. See Chapter 6.1, "Evaluation Range", on page 104.
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
● Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................13
● Time Alignment Error Measurements..................................................................... 31
● RF Measurements...................................................................................................33
3.1 Code Domain Analysis
Access: MEAS > "Code Domain Analyzer"
The Code Domain Analysis measurement provides various evaluation methods and
result diagrams.
The code domain power measurements are performed as specified by the 3GPP
standards. A signal section of approximately 20 ms is recorded for analysis and then
searched through to find the start of a 3GPP FDD frame. If a frame start is found in the
signal, the code domain power analysis is performed for a complete frame starting
from slot 0. The different evaluations are calculated from the captured I/Q data set.
Therefore it is not necessary to start a new measurement in order to change the evaluation.
The 3GPP FDD applications provide the peak code domain error measurement and
composite EVM specified by the 3GPP standard, as well as the code domain power
measurement of assigned and unassigned codes. The power can be displayed either
for all channels in one slot, or for one channel in all slots. The composite constellation
diagram of the entire signal can also be displayed. In addition, the symbols demodulated in a slot, their power, and the determined bits or the symbol EVM can be displayed
for an active channel.
The power of a code channel is always measured in relation to its symbol rate within
the code domain. It can be displayed either as absolute values or relative to the total
signal or the CPICH channel. By default, the power relative to the CPICH channel is
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displayed. The total power may vary depending on the slot, since the power can be
controlled on a per-slot-basis. The power in the CPICH channel, on the other hand, is
constant in all slots.
For all measurements performed in a slot of a selected channel (bits, symbols, symbol
power, EVM), the actual slot spacing of the channel is taken as a basis, rather than the
CPICH slots. The time reference for the start of a slot is the CPICH slot. If code channels contain a timing offset, the start of a specific slot of the channel differs from the
start of the reference channel (CPICH). Thus, the power-per-channel display may not
be correct. If channels with a timing offset contain a power control circuit, the channelpower-versus-time display may provide better results.
The composite EVM, peak code domain error and composite constellation measurements are always referenced to the total signal.
Remote command:
CONF:WCDP:MEAS WCDP, see CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 152
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
3.1.1 Code Domain Parameters
Two different types of measurement results are determined and displayed in the Result
Summary: global results and channel results (for the selected channel).
The number of the CPICH slot at which the measurement is performed is indicated
globally for the measurement in the channel bar.
The spreading code of the selected channel is indicated with the channel number in
the channel bar and above the channel-specific results in the Result Summary.
In the Channel Table, the analysis results for all active channels are displayed.
Table 3-1: General code domain power results for a specific frame and slot
Parameter Description
Total Power: The total signal power (average power of total evaluated slot).
Carrier Freq Error: The frequency error relative to the center frequency of the analyzer. The absolute
frequency error is the sum of the analyzer and DUT frequency error. The specified
value is averaged for one (CPICH) slot. See also the note on "Carrier Frequency
Error" on page 15.
Chip Rate Error: The chip rate error in the frame to analyze in ppm. As a result of a high chip rate
error, symbol errors arise and the CDP measurement is possibly not synchronized
to the 3GPP FDD BTS signal. The result is valid even if synchronization of the analyzer and signal failed.
Trigger to Frame: The time difference between the beginning of the recorded signal section to the
start of the analyzed frame. In case of triggered data collection, this difference is
identical with the time difference of frame trigger (+ trigger offset) – frame start. If
synchronization of the analyzer and input signal fails, the value of "Trigger to
Frame" is not significant.
IQ Offset: DC offset of the signal in the selected slot in %
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Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
Parameter Description
IQ Imbalance: I/Q imbalance of signals in the selected slot in %
Avg Power Inact
Chan
Composite EVM: The composite EVM is the difference between the test signal and the ideal refer-
Pk CDE (15 ksps): The Peak Code Domain Error projects the difference between the test signal and
RHO Quality parameter RHO for each slot.
No of Active Chan: The number of active channels detected in the signal in the selected slot. Both the
Avg. RCDE Average Relative Code Domain Error over all channels detected with 64 QAM (UE:
Average power of the inactive channels
ence signal in the selected slot in %.
See also "Composite EVM" on page 21
the ideal reference signal onto the selected spreading factor in the selected slot
(see "Peak Code Domain Error" on page 25). The spreading factor onto which
projection is performed can be derived from the symbol rate indicated in brackets.
detected data channels and the control channels are considered active channels.
4PAM) modulation in the selected frame.
Carrier Frequency Error
The maximum frequency error that can be compensated is specified in Table 3-2 as a
function of the synchronization mode. Transmitter and receiver should be synchronized
as far as possible.
Table 3-2: Maximum frequency error that can be compensated
SYNC mode ANTENNA DIV Max. Freq. Offset
CPICH X 5.0 kHz
SCH OFF 1.6 kHz
SCH ANT 1 330 Hz
SCH ANT 2 330 Hz
Table 3-3: Channel-specific code domain power results
Symbol Rate: Symbol rate at which the channel is transmitted
Channel Slot No: (BTS measurements only):
Channel slot number; determined by combining the value of the selected CPICH and
the channel's timing offset
Channel Mapping (UE measurements only):
Branch onto which the channel is mapped (I or Q, specified by the standard)
Chan Power Abs: Channel power, absolute
Chan Power Rel: Channel power, relative (referenced to CPICH or total signal power)
Timing Offset: Offset between the start of the first slot in the channel and the start of the analyzed
3GPP FDD BTS frame
RCDE Relative Code Domain Error for the complete frame of the selected channel
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Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
Symbol EVM: Peak and average of the results of the error vector magnitude evaluation
No of Pilot Bits: Number of pilot bits of the selected channel
Modulation Type: BTS measurements:
Modulation type of an HSDPA channel. High speed physical data channels can be
modulated with QPSK, 16 QAM or 64 QAM modulation.
UE measurements: the modulation type of the selected channel. Valid entries are:
●
BPSK I for channels on I-branch
●
BPSK Q for channels on Q-branch
●
NONE for inactive channels
3.1.2 Evaluation Methods for Code Domain Analysis
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
The captured I/Q data can be evaluated using various different methods without having
to start a new measurement.
The selected evaluation also affects the results of the trace data query (see Chap-
ter 11.9.2, "Measurement Results for TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<n>", on page 225).
Bitstream.......................................................................................................................16
Channel Table...............................................................................................................17
└ Table Configuration.........................................................................................18
Code Domain Power.....................................................................................................19
Code Domain Error Power............................................................................................20
Composite Constellation............................................................................................... 20
Composite EVM............................................................................................................ 21
EVM vs Chip................................................................................................................. 22
Frequency Error vs Slot................................................................................................ 23
Mag Error vs Chip......................................................................................................... 23
Marker Table ................................................................................................................24
Peak Code Domain Error..............................................................................................25
Phase Discontinuity vs Slot...........................................................................................25
Phase Error vs Chip......................................................................................................26
Power vs Slot................................................................................................................ 27
Power vs Symbol.......................................................................................................... 28
Result Summary............................................................................................................28
Symbol Constellation.................................................................................................... 29
Symbol EVM................................................................................................................. 29
Symbol Magnitude Error............................................................................................... 30
Symbol Phase Error......................................................................................................30
Bitstream
The Bitstream evaluation displays the demodulated bits of a selected channel for a
given slot. Depending on the symbol rate the number of symbols within a slot can vary
from 12 (min) to 384 (max). For QPSK modulation a symbol consists of 2 bits (I and
Q). For BPSK modulation a symbol consists of 1 bit (only I used).
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Figure 3-1: Bitstream display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
TIP: Select a specific symbol using the MKR key while the display is focused. If you
enter a number, the marker jumps to the selected symbol, which is highlighted by a
blue circle.
The diagram footer indicates:
●
●
●
●
●
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, BITS, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? ABITstream
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
Channel format (type and modulation type (HS-PDSCH only))
Number of data bits (D1 / D2)
Number of TPC bits (TPC)
Number of TFCI bits (TFCI)
Number of pilot bits (Pil)
Channel Table
The Channel Table evaluation displays the detected channels and the results of the
code domain power measurement. The channel table can contain a maximum of 512
entries.
In BTS measurements, this corresponds to the 512 codes that can be assigned within
the class of spreading factor 512.
In UE measurements, this corresponds to the 256 codes that can be assigned within
the class of spreading factor 256, with both I and Q branches.
The first entries of the table indicate the channels that must be available in the signal to
be analyzed and any other control channels (see Chapter 4.2, "BTS Channel Types",
on page 43 and Chapter 4.3, "UE Channel Types", on page 47).
The lower part of the table indicates the data channels that are contained in the signal.
If the type of a channel can be fully recognized, based on pilot sequences or modula-
tion type, the type is indicated in the table. In BTS measurements, all other channels
are of type CHAN.
The channels are in descending order according to symbol rates and, within a symbol
rate, in ascending order according to the channel numbers. Therefore, the unassigned
codes are always displayed at the end of the table.
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Figure 3-2: Channel Table display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CTABle, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? CTABle
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? PWCDp
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? CWCDp
Table Configuration ← Channel Table
You can configure which parameters are displayed in the Channel Table by doubleclicking the table header.
A "Table Configuration" dialog box is displayed in which you can select the columns to
be displayed.
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
By default, only active channels are displayed. In order to display all channels, including the inactive ones, enable the "Show Inactive Channels" option.
The following parameters of the detected channels are determined by the CDP measurement and can be displayed in the Channel Table evaluation. (For details see
Chapter 3.1.1, "Code Domain Parameters", on page 14.)
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Table 3-4: Code domain power results in the channel table
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
Label Description
Chan Type Type of channel (active channels only)
Ch. SF Number of channel spreading code (0 to [spreading factor-1])
Symbol Rate [ksps] Symbol rate at which the channel is transmitted
In BTS measurements: always
State Active: channel is active and all pilot symbols are correct
Inactive: channel is not active
Pilotf: channel is active, but pilot symbols incomplete or missing
TFCI (BTS measurements only):
Data channel uses TFCI symbols
Mapping (UE measurements only):
Branch the channel is mapped to (I or Q)
PilotL [Bits] Number of pilot bits in the channel
(UE measurements: only for control channel DPCCH)
Pwr Abs [dBm]/Pwr Rel [dBm] Absolute and relative channel power (referred to the CPICH or the
total power of the signal)
T Offs [Chips] (BTS measurements only):
Timing offset
Code Domain Power
Figure 3-3: Code Domain Power Display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
The Code Domain Power evaluation shows the power of all possible code channels in
the selected channel slot. The x-axis shows the possible code channels from 0 to the
highest spreading factor. Due to the circumstance that the power is regulated from slot
to slot, the result power may differ between different slots. Detected channels are displayed yellow. The selected code channel is highlighted red. The codes where no
channel could be detected are displayed green.
Note: Effects of missing or incomplete pilot symbols. In "Autosearch" channel detection mode, the application expects specific pilot symbols for DPCH channels. If these
symbols are missing or incomplete, the channel power in the Code Domain Power
evaluation is displayed green at the points of the diagram the channel should appear
due to its spreading code, and a message ("INCORRECT PILOT") is displayed in the
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status bar. In this case, check the pilot symbols for those channels using the Power vs
Slot or the Bitstream evaluations.
Optionally, all QPSK-modulated channels can also be recognized without pilot symbols
(see "HSDPA/UPA" on page 60).
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDPower, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
CALC:MARK:FUNC:WCDP:RES? CDP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
WCDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 221
CALC:MARK:FUNC:WCDP:MS:RES? CDP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:
FUNCtion:WCDPower:MS:RESult? on page 223
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? CTABle
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? PWCDp
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? CWCDp
Code Domain Error Power
Code Domain Error Power is the difference in power between the measured and the
ideal signal. The unit is dB. There are no other units for the y-axis.
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
Figure 3-4: Code Domain Error Power Display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CDEPower, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Composite Constellation
The Composite Constellation evaluation analyzes the entire signal for one single slot. If
a large number of channels is to be analyzed, the results are superimposed. In that
case the benefit of this evaluation is limited (senseless).
In Composite Constellation evaluation the constellation points of the 1536 chips are
displayed for the specified slot. This data is determined inside the DSP even before the
channel search. Thus, it is not possible to assign constellation points to channels. The
constellation points are displayed normalized with respect to the total power.
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2560|%100*
²
²
1
0
0
N
x
xs
EVM
N
n
n
N
n
nn
RMS
Figure 3-5: Composite Constellation display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CCONst, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Composite EVM
The Composite EVM evaluation displays the root mean square composite EVM (modulation accuracy) according to the 3GPP specification. The square root is determined of
the mean squared errors between the real and imaginary components of the received
signal and an ideal reference signal (EVM referenced to the total signal). The error is
averaged over all channels for individual slots. The Composite EVM evaluation covers
the entire signal during the entire observation time.
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
where:
EVM
RMS
s
n
x
n
n index number for mean power calculation of received and reference signal.
N number of chips at each CPICH slot
root mean square of the vector error of the composite signal
complex chip value of received signal
complex chip value of reference signal
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Figure 3-6: Composite EVM display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
The measurement result consists of one composite EVM measurement value per slot.
In this case, the measurement interval is the slot spacing of the CPICH (timing offset of
0 chips referenced to the beginning of the frame). Only the channels recognized as
active are used to generate the ideal reference signal. If an assigned channel is not
recognized as active since pilot symbols are missing or incomplete, the difference
between the measurement and reference signal and the composite EVM is very high.
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, CEVM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
EVM vs Chip
EVM vs Chip activates the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) versus chip display. The
EVM is displayed for all chips of the selected slot.
Note: In UE measurements, if the measurement interval "Halfslot" is selected for evaluation, 30 slots are displayed instead of the usual 15 (see "Measurement Interval"
on page 109).
The EVM is calculated by the root of the square difference of received signal and reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from the channel configuration of all
active channels. The EVM is related to the square root of the mean power of reference
signal and given in percent.
where:
EVM
s
k
x
k
k
vector error of the chip EVM of chip number k
complex chip value of received signal
complex chip value of reference signal
k index number of the evaluated chip
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Figure 3-7: EVM vs Chip display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, EVMChip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
N number of chips at each CPICH slot
n index number for mean power calculation of reference signal
Frequency Error vs Slot
For each value to be displayed, the difference between the frequency error of the corresponding slot to the frequency error of the first (zero) slot is calculated (based on
CPICH slots). This helps eliminate a static frequency offset of the whole signal to achieve a better display of the actual time-dependant frequency diagram.
Figure 3-8: Frequency Error vs Slot display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Note: This display is not available if the Capture Mode is set to "Slot".
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, FESLot, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? ATRACE
Mag Error vs Chip
The Magnitude Error versus chip display shows the magnitude error for all chips of the
selected slot.
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Note: In UE measurements, if the measurement interval "Halfslot" is selected for eval-
uation, 30 slots are displayed instead of the usual 15 (see "Measurement Interval"
on page 109).
The magnitude error is calculated as the difference of the magnitude of the received
signal to the magnitude of the reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from
the channel configuration of all active channels. The magnitude error is related to the
square root of the mean power of reference signal and given in percent.
Where:
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
MAG
k
s
k
x
k
k Index number of the evaluated chip
N Number of chips at each CPICH slot
n Index number for mean power calculation of reference signal
Figure 3-9: Magnitude Error vs Chip display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Magnitude error of chip number k
Complex chip value of received signal
Complex chip value of reference signal
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MECHip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers.
This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly (see " Marker Table Dis-
play " on page 116).
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 249
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 246
Peak Code Domain Error
In line with the 3GPP specifications, the error between the measurement signal and
the ideal reference signal for a given slot and for all codes is projected onto the various
spreading factors. The result consists of the peak code domain error value per slot.
The measurement interval is the slot spacing of the CPICH (timing offset of 0 chips referenced to the beginning of the frame). Only the channels recognized as active are
used to generate the ideal reference signal for the peak code domain error. If an
assigned channel is not recognized as active since pilot symbols are missing or incomplete, the difference between the measurement and reference signal is very high. This
display is a bar diagram over slots. The unit is dB. The Peak Code Domain Error evaluation covers the entire signal and the entire observation time.
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
Figure 3-10: Peak Code Domain Error display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PCDerror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Phase Discontinuity vs Slot
The Phase Discontinuity vs Slot is calculated according to 3GPP specifications. The
phase calculated for each slot is interpolated to both ends of the slot using the frequency shift of that slot. The difference between the phase interpolated for the beginning of one slot and the end of the preceding slot is displayed as the phase discontinuity of that slot.
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Figure 3-11: Phase Discontinuity vs Slot display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Note: This display is not available if the Capture Mode is set to "Slot".
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PDSLot, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
Phase Error vs Chip
Phase Error vs Chip activates the phase error versus chip display. The phase error is
displayed for all chips of the selected slot.
Note: In UE measurements, if the measurement interval "Halfslot" is selected for evaluation, 30 slots are displayed instead of the usual 15 (see "Measurement Interval"
on page 109).
The phase error is calculated by the difference of the phase of received signal and
phase of reference signal. The reference signal is estimated from the channel configuration of all active channels. The phase error is given in degrees in a range of +180° to
-180°.
Figure 3-12: Calculating the magnitude, phase and vector error per chip
Where:
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Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
PHI
k
s
k
x
k
k Index number of the evaluated chip
N Number of chips at each CPICH slot
φ(x) Phase calculation of a complex value
Phase error of chip number k
Complex chip value of received signal
Complex chip value of reference signal
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PECHip, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Power vs Slot
The Power vs Slot evaluation displays the power of the selected channel for each slot.
The power is displayed either absolute or relative to the total power of the signal or to
the CPICH channel.
Note: In UE measurements, this evaluation is only available if the analysis mode
"Frame" is selected (see "Capture Mode" on page 79).
If the measurement interval "Halfslot" is selected for evaluation, 30 slots are displayed
instead of the usual 15 (see "Measurement Interval" on page 109).
Figure 3-13: Power vs Slot Display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
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If a timing offset of the selected channel in relation to the CPICH channel occurs, the
power is calculated and displayed per channel slot (as opposed to the Code Domain
Power evaluation). However, for reference purposes, the grid in the Power vs Slot diagram indicates the CPICH slots. The first CPICH slot is always slot 0, the grid and
labels of the grid lines do not change. Thus, the channel slots may be shifted in the
diagram grid. The channel slot numbers are indicated within the power bars. The
selected slot is highlighted in the diagram.
Note: This display is not available if the Capture Mode is set to "Slot".
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PSLot, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TPVSlot
Power vs Symbol
The Power vs. Symbol evaluation shows the power over the symbol number for the
selected channel and the selected slot. The power is not averaged here. The trace is
drawn using a histogram line algorithm, i.e. only vertical and horizontal lines, no diagonal, linear Interpolation (polygon interpolation). Surfaces are NOT filled.
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
Figure 3-14: Power vs Symbol display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PSYMbol, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Result Summary
The Result Summary evaluation displays a list of measurement results on the screen.
For details see Chapter 3.1.1, "Code Domain Parameters", on page 14.
Figure 3-15: Result Summary display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, RSUMmary, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:WCDPower[:BTS]:RESult? on page 221
Symbol Constellation
The Symbol Constellation evaluation shows all modulated signals of the selected channel and the selected slot. QPSK constellation points are located on the diagonals (not x
and y-axis) of the constellation diagram. BPSK constellation points are always on the
x-axis.
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
Figure 3-16: Symbol Constellation display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SCONst, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Symbol EVM
The Symbol EVM evaluation shows the error between the measured signal and the
ideal reference signal in percent for the selected channel and the selected slot. A trace
over all symbols of a slot is drawn. The number of symbols is in the range from 12
(min) to 384 (max). It depends on the symbol rate of the channel.
Figure 3-17: Symbol EVM display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SEVM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Symbol Magnitude Error
The Symbol Magnitude Error is calculated analogous to symbol EVM. The result is one
symbol magnitude error value for each symbol of the slot of a special channel. Positive
values of symbol magnitude error indicate a symbol magnitude that is larger than the
expected ideal value. Negative symbol magnitude errors indicate a symbol magnitude
that is less than the expected ideal value. The symbol magnitude error is the difference
between the magnitude of the received symbol and that of the reference symbol, related to the magnitude of the reference symbol.
Measurements and Result Display
Code Domain Analysis
Figure 3-18: Symbol Magnitude Error display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SMERror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Symbol Phase Error
The Symbol Phase Error is calculated analogous to symbol EVM. The result is one
symbol phase error value for each symbol of the slot of a special channel. Positive values of symbol phase error indicate a symbol phase that is larger than the expected
ideal value. Negative symbol phase errors indicate a symbol phase that is less than the
expected ideal value.
Figure 3-19: Symbol Phase Error display for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, SPERror, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
TRACe<n>[:DATA]? TRACE<1...4>
Measurements and Result Display
Time Alignment Error Measurements
3.1.3 CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode
The 3GPP FDD BTS application can also be used to analyze data in MSRA operating
mode.
In MSRA operating mode, only the MSRA Master actually captures data; the MSRA
applications receive an extract of the captured data for analysis, referred to as the
application data. The application data range is indicated in the MSRA Master by vertical blue lines.
However, the individual result displays of the application need not analyze the complete data range. The data range that is actually analyzed by the individual result display is referred to as the analysis interval.
In the 3GPP FDD BTS application, the analysis interval is automatically determined. It
depends on the selected channel/ slot/ frame to analyze, which is defined for the evaluation range, and on the result display. The currently used analysis interval (in seconds,
related to capture buffer start) is indicated in the window header for each result display.
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
3.2 Time Alignment Error Measurements
Access: MEAS > "Time Alignment Error"
Time Alignment Error Measurements are a special type of Code Domain Analysis used
to determine the time offset between signals on different antennas in a base station
and different base stations. This measurement is required by the standard for Tx diversity and MIMO signals. It can be performed for the two transmitter branches of a BTS
as well as for the transmit signals of multiple base stations on different transmit frequencies.
They are only available in 3GPP FDD BTS measurements.
The result is displayed numerically on the screen, a graphical result is not available.
Synchronization errors
A synchronization check is performed for both antennas which must have the result
"Sync OK" to ensure a proper TAE result. Synchronization problems are indicated by
the messages "No antenna 1 sync", "No antenna 2 sync" and "No sync".
For more information see Chapter 4.8, "Time Alignment Error Measurements",
on page 52.
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Evaluation Methods
For Time Alignment Error measurements, the following evaluation methods are available:
Result List
For one base station only:
Indicates the time delay (in chips) of the signal at antenna 2 relative to the signal at
antenna 1.
Measurements and Result Display
Time Alignment Error Measurements
Figure 3-20: Time Alignment Error display for 1 base station
For multiple base stations and carriers:
Indicates the frequency offset for each carrier and the time delay (in chips) for each
antenna, relative to the specified reference carrier. Furthermore, the synchronization
state for each antenna is indicated. The overall status indicated above the table is
"SYNC OK" only if the signals for all of the antennas for all of the base stations defined
in the table are "SYNC OK".
Figure 3-21: Time Alignment Error display for multiple base stations and carriers
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Remote command:
CONF:WCDP:MEAS TAER, see CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 152
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:TAERror:RESult? on page 221
Measurements and Result Display
RF Measurements
3.3 RF Measurements
In addition to the Code Domain Analysis measurements, the 3GPP FDD applications
also provide some RF measurements as defined in the 3GPP FDD standard. RF measurements are identical to the corresponding measurements in the base unit, but configured according to the requirements of the 3GPP FDD standard.
For details on these measurements see the R&S FPS User Manual.
MSRA operating mode
RF measurements are not available in MSRA operating mode.
For details on the MSRA operating mode see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
3.3.1 RF Measurement Types and Results
Access: MEAS > Select Meas
The 3GPP FDD applications provide the following RF measurements:
Channel Power ACLR...................................................................................................33
Occupied Bandwidth..................................................................................................... 34
Power............................................................................................................................34
RF Combi......................................................................................................................34
Spectrum Emission Mask..............................................................................................35
CCDF............................................................................................................................ 36
Channel Power ACLR
Access: MEAS > "Channel Power ACLR"
Channel Power ACLR performs an adjacent channel power measurement in the
default setting according to 3GPP specifications (adjacent channel leakage ratio).
The R&S FPS measures the channel power and the relative power of the adjacent
channels and of the alternate channels. The results are displayed below the diagram.
Remote command:
CONF:WCDP:MEAS ACLR, see CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 152
Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
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Occupied Bandwidth
Access: MEAS > "OBW"
The Occupied Bandwidth measurement determines the bandwidth that the signal occupies.
The occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth in which – in default settings 99 % of the total signal power is to be found. The percentage of the signal power to be
included in the bandwidth measurement can be changed.
The occupied bandwidth (Occ BW) and the frequency markers are displayed in the
marker table.
Remote command:
CONF:WCDP:MEAS OBAN, see CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 152
Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? OBW, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
Measurements and Result Display
RF Measurements
Power
Access: MEAS > "Power"
The Output Power measurement determines the 3GPP FDD signal channel power.
The R&S FPS measures the unweighted RF signal power in a bandwidth of:
The power is measured in zero span mode (time domain) using a digital channel filter
of 5 MHz in bandwidth. According to the 3GPP standard, the measurement bandwidth
(5 MHz) is slightly larger than the minimum required bandwidth of 4.7 MHz. The bandwidth is displayed numerically below the screen.
Remote command:
CONF:WCDP:MEAS POW, see CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 152
Querying results: CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? CPOW, see CALCulate<n>:
MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
RF Combi
Access: MEAS > "RF Combi"
This measurement combines the following measurements:
●
"Channel Power ACLR" on page 33
●
"Occupied Bandwidth" on page 34
●
"Spectrum Emission Mask" on page 35
The ACLR and OBW are measured on trace 1, from which the SEM trace 2 is derived
via integration.
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The advantage of the RF COMBI measurement is that all RF results are measured
with a single measurement process. This measurement is faster than the three individual measurements.
Measurements and Result Display
RF Measurements
Figure 3-22: RF Combi measurement results
Remote command:
CONF:WCDP:BTS:MEAS RFC, see CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 152
Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACPCALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? OBW
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? CPOW
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? OBW
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? CPOW
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:FAIL? on page 243
Spectrum Emission Mask
Access: MEAS > "Spectrum Emission Mask"
The Spectrum Emission Mask measurement determines the power of the 3GPP FDD
signal in defined offsets from the carrier and compares the power values with a spectral mask specified by 3GPP.
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Figure 3-23: SEM measurement results for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Measurements and Result Display
RF Measurements
Remote command:
CONF:WCDP:MEAS ESP, see CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 152
Querying results:
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? CPOW, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<k>:FAIL? on page 243
CCDF
Access: MEAS > "CCDF"
The CCDF measurement determines the distribution of the signal amplitudes (complementary cumulative distribution function). The CCDF and the Crest factor are displayed. For the purposes of this measurement, a signal section of user-definable
length is recorded continuously in the zero span, and the distribution of the signal
amplitudes is evaluated.
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Figure 3-24: CCDF measurement results for 3GPP FDD BTS measurements
Remote command:
CONF:WCDP:MEAS CCDF, see CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:MEASurement
on page 152
Querying results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 246
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
CALC:MARK:FUNC:POW:RES? ACP, see CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:
POWer<sb>:RESult? on page 244
CALCulate<n>:STATistics:RESult<t>? on page 246
Measurements and Result Display
RF Measurements
3.3.2 Evaluation Methods for RF Measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Display Config"
The evaluation methods for RF measurements are identical to those in the Spectrum
application.
Diagram ........................................................................................................................37
Result Summary ...........................................................................................................38
Marker Table ................................................................................................................38
Marker Peak List .......................................................................................................... 38
Diagram
Displays a basic level vs. frequency or level vs. time diagram of the measured data to
evaluate the results graphically. This is the default evaluation method. Which data is
displayed in the diagram depends on the "Trace" settings. Scaling for the y-axis can be
configured.
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, DIAG, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
Results:
Result Summary
Result summaries provide the results of specific measurement functions in a table for
numerical evaluation. The contents of the result summary vary depending on the
selected measurement function. See the description of the individual measurement
functions for details.
Measurements and Result Display
RF Measurements
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, RSUM, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
Marker Table
Displays a table with the current marker values for the active markers.
This table is displayed automatically if configured accordingly (see " Marker Table Dis-
play " on page 116).
Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, MTAB, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 249
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 246
Marker Peak List
The marker peak list determines the frequencies and levels of peaks in the spectrum or
time domain. How many peaks are displayed can be defined, as well as the sort order.
In addition, the detected peaks can be indicated in the diagram. The peak list can also
be exported to a file for analysis in an external application.
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Remote command:
LAY:ADD? '1',RIGH, PEAK, see LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 208
Results:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:X on page 249
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:Y? on page 246
Measurements and Result Display
RF Measurements
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4 Measurement Basics
Some background knowledge on basic terms and principles used in 3GPP FDD tests
and measurements is provided here for a better understanding of the required configuration settings.
Basic principle
The basic principle of 3GPP FDD (frequency division duplex) is that the communication
between a base station and several mobile stations is performed in the same frequency band and in the same time slots. The separation of the data for the different
mobile stations is achieved by using CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). In this
technique, channels are distinguished by using different orthogonal codes.
Scrambling codes
Each base station uses a unique scrambling code. The mobile station can only demodulate the base station signal if it knows which scrambling code was used by the base
station.
Measurement Basics
Thus, in order to demodulate the data in the 3GPP FDD applications, you must either
specify the scrambling code explicitly, or the application can perform an automatic
search to detect the scrambling code itself.
Channels, codes and symbol rate
In signals according to the 3GPP FDD standard, the data is transmitted in channels.
These channels are based on orthogonal codes and can have different data rates. The
data rate depends on the used modulation type and the spreading factor of the channel.
Spreading factors
Spreading factors determine whether the transmitted data is sent in short or long
sequences. The spreading factor is re-assigned dynamically in certain time intervals
according to the current demand of users and data to be transmitted. The higher the
spreading factor, the lower the data rate; the lower the spreading factor, the higher the
data rate.
The smallest available spreading factor is 4, the largest is 512. So we can say that the
code domain consists of 512 basic codes. A channel with a lower spreading factor consists of several combined codes. That means a channel can be described by its number and its spreading factor.
The following table shows the relationship between the code class, the spreading factor, the number of codes per channel, and the symbol rate.
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Measurement Basics
Table 4-1: Relationship between code class, spreading factor, codes per channel and symbol rate for
Code class Spreading factor No. codes / chan-
2 4 128 960 ksps
3 8 64 480 ksps
4 16 32 240 ksps
5 32 16 120 ksps
6 64 8 60 ksps
7 128 4 30 ksps
8 256 2 15 ksps
9 512 1 7.5 ksps
3GPP FDD signals
Symbol rate
nel
In the measurement settings and results, the spreading factor is often represented by
the corresponding symbol rate (in kilo symbols per second, ksps). The power of a
channel is always measured in relation to its symbol rate (or spreading factor).
In the 3GPP FDD applications, the channel number consists of the used spreading factor and the channel's sequential number in the code domain, assuming the code
domain is divided into equal divisions:
<sequence number>.<spreading factor>
Example:
For a channel number of 5.32, for example, imagine a code domain of 512 codes with
a scale of 16 codes per division. Each division represents a possible channel with
spreading factor 32. Since channel numbering starts at 0, channel number 5 is the
sixth division on the scale.
Selected codes and channels
In the result displays that refer to channels, the currently selected channel is highlighted in the diagram. You select a channel by entering a channel number and spreading
factor in the "Evaluation Range" settings. In the example above, if you select the channel number 5.32, the sixth division on the scale with 16 codes per division is highlighted.
For the display in the 3GPP FDD applications, the scale for code-based diagrams contains 512 divisions, one for each code. The selected channel in the example (5.32)
would thus correspond to codes 80-96. (The division starts at 5*16=80 and is 16 codes
wide.)
If no spreading factor is given for the channel number, the default factor 512 is
assumed. Channel number 5 would thus refer to the sixth division on the scale, which
is the sixth code in the code domain. If the code belongs to a detected channel, the
entire channel is highlighted.
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If the selected channel is not active, only the first code belonging to the corresponding
division is highlighted. In the example, for the inactive channel number 5.32, the first
code in the sixth division on the scale with 16 codes per division is highlighted. That
corresponds to code number 80 with the scale based on 512 divisions.
Special channels - PCCPCH, SCH, CPICH, DPCH
In order to control the data transmission between the sender and the receiver, specific
symbol must be included in the transmitted data, for example the scrambling code of
the sender or the used spreading factor, as well as synchronization data for different
channels. This data is included in special data channels defined by the 3GPP standard
which use fixed codes in the code domain. Thus, they can be detected easily by the
receiver.
The Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH) must always be contained
in the signal. As the name implies, it is responsible for common control of the channels
during transmission.
The Synchronization Channel (SCH) is a time reference and responsible for synchronizing the individual channels.
Measurement Basics
Another important channel is the Common Pilot Channel (CPICH), which continuously
transmits the sender's scrambling code. This channel is used to identify the sender, but
also as a reference in 3GPP FDD signal measurements.
The user data is contained in the Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH).
More details on channel types are provided in Chapter 4.2, "BTS Channel Types",
on page 43.
Chips, frames and slots
The user data is spread across the available bandwidth using the spreading factor
before transmission. The spread bits are referred to as "chips".
A time span of 10 ms is also known as a "frame". A frame is a basic time unit in the
transmission process. Each frame is divided into 15 time "slots". Various channel
parameters are put in relation to frames or the individual slots in the 3GPP standard,
as well as some measurement results for 3GPP FDD signals. A slot contains 2560
chips.
Channel slots versus CPICH slots
The time slots of the individual channels may not be absolutely synchronous. A time
offset may occur, so that the slots in a data channel are slightly shifted in relation to the
CPICH slots, for example. In the 3GPP FDD BTS application, the CPICH slot number
is provided as a reference with the measurement settings in the channel bar. In the
Result Summary, the actual slot number of the evaluated channel is indicated as the
"Channel Slot No".
Pilot symbols
Some slots contain a fixed sequence of symbols, referred to as "pilot symbols". These
pilot symbols allow the receiver to identify a particular channel, if the unique pilot symbols can be detected in the input signal.
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Power control
While the spreading factors are adjusted for each frame, i.e. every 10 ms, the power
levels for transmission must be adapted to the current requirements (such as interference) much more dynamically. Thus, power control bits are transmitted in each slot,
allowing for much higher change rates. As the CPICH channel continuously transmits
the same data, the power level need not be adapted. Thus, the power control bits can
lead to a timing offset between the CPICH slots and other channel slots.
Measurement Basics
BTS Channel Types
4.1 Channel Detection
The 3GPP FDD applications provide two basic methods of detecting active channels:
●
Automatic search using pilot sequences
The application performs an automatic search for active (DPCH) channels throughout the entire code domain. The search is based on the presence of known symbol
sequences (pilot symbols) in the despread symbols of a channel. A data channel is
considered to be active if the pilot symbols as specified by the 3GPP FDD standard
are found at the end of each slot. In this mode, channels without or with incomplete
pilot symbols are therefore not recognized as being active.
An exception to this rule is seen in the special channels PICH and SCCPCH, which
can be recognized as active in the automatic search mode although they do not
contain pilot symbols. Optionally, all QPSK-modulated channels can also be recognized without pilot symbols (see "HSDPA/UPA" on page 60).
In addition, the channel must exceed a minimum power in order to be considered
active (see "Inactive Channel Threshold (BTS measurements only)" on page 83).
In UE measurements, a channel is considered to be active if a minimum signal/
noise ratio is maintained within the channel.
●
Comparison with predefined channel tables
The input signal is compared to a predefined channel table. All channels that are
included in the predefined channel table are considered to be active.
4.2 BTS Channel Types
The 3GPP FDD standard defines various BTS channel types. Some channels are
mandatory and must be contained in the signal, as they have control or synchronization functions. Thus, these channels always occupy a specific channel number and use
a specific symbol rate by which they can be identified.
Control and synchronization channels
The 3GPP FDD BTS application expects the following control and synchronization
channels for the Code Domain Power measurements:
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Table 4-2: Common 3GPP FDD BTS control channels and their usage
Channel type Description
PSCH Primary Synchronization Channel
The Primary Synchronization Channel is used to synchronize the signal in the case
of SCH synchronization. It is a non-orthogonal channel. Only the power of this
channel is determined.
SSCH Secondary Synchronization Channel
The Secondary Synchronization Channel is a non-orthogonal channel. Only the
power of this channel is determined.
PCCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel
The Primary Common Control Physical Channel is also used to synchronize the
signal in the case of SCH synchronization. It is expected at code class 8 and code
number 1.
SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
The Secondary Common Control Physical Channel is a QPSK-modulated channel
without any pilot symbols. In the 3GPP test models, this channel can be found in
code class 8 and code number 3. However, the code class and code number need
not be fixed and can vary. For this reason, the following rules are used to indicate
the SCCPCH.
●
Only one QPSK-modulated channel without pilot symbols is detected and displayed as the SCCPCH. Any further QPSK-modulated channels without pilot
symbols are not detected as active channels.
●
If the signal contains more than one channel without pilot symbols, the channel
that is received in the highest code class and with the lowest code number is
displayed as the SCCPCH. It is expected that only one channel of this type is
included in the received signal. According to this assumption, this channel is
probably the SCCPCH.
●
If the application is configured to recognize all QPSK-modulated channels
without pilot symbols (see "HSDPA/UPA" on page 60), and one of these
channels is received at code class 8 and code number 3, it is displayed as the
SCCPCH.
Measurement Basics
BTS Channel Types
CPICH Common Pilot Channel
The Common Pilot Channel is used to synchronize the signal in the case of CPICH
synchronization. It is expected at code class 8 and code number 0.
If it is not contained in the signal configuration, the firmware application must be
configured to synchronize to the SCH channel (see "Synchronization Type"
on page 81).
Other channels are optional and contain the user data to be transmitted. A data channel is any channel that does not have a predefined channel number and symbol rate.
The following channel types can be detected by the 3GPP FDD BTS application.
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Table 4-3: Common 3GPP FDD BTS data channels and their usage
Measurement Basics
BTS Channel Types
Channel type Description
PICH Paging Indication Channel
The Paging Indication Channel is expected at code class 8 and code number 16.
The lower part of the table indicates the data channels contained in the signal. A
data channel is any channel that does not have a predefined channel number and
symbol rate. There are different types of data channels, which are indicated in the
column "Chan Type".
DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel of a standard frame
The Dedicated Physical Channel is a data channel that contains pilot symbols. The
displayed channel type is DPCH.
CPRSD Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH) in compressed mode
Compressed mode channels usually do not transmit valid symbols in all slots.
There are different lengths of the transmitting gap. One to fourteen slots can be
switched off in each frame. In some cases outside the gap the symbol rate is
increased by 2 to ensure a constant average symbol rate of this channel. In any
case all of the transmitted slots contain a pilot sequence defined in the 3GPP specification. There are different types of compressed mode channels.
To evaluate compressed mode channels, the associated measurement mode
needs to be activated (see "Compressed Mode" on page 61).
CPR-TPC DPCH in compressed mode where TPC symbols are sent in the first slot of the
transmitting gap
CPR-SF/2 DPCH in compressed mode using half spreading factor (SF/2) to increase the
symbol rate of the active slots by two
CPR-SF/2-TPC DPCH in compressed mode using half spreading factor (SF/2) to increase the
symbol rate of the active slots by two, where TPC symbols are sent in the first slot
of the transmitting gap
HS-PDSCH HSDPA: High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
The High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HSDPA) does not contain any
pilot symbols. It is a channel type that is expected in code classes lower than 7.
The modulation type of these channels can vary depending on the selected slot.
HSPDSCH-QPSK_: QPSK-modulated slot of an HS PDSCH channel
HSPDSCH-16QAM_: 16QAM-modulated slot of an HS PDSCH channel
HSPDSCH-NONE_: slot without power of an HS PDSCH channel
HS-SCCH HSDPA: High Speed Shared Control Channel
The High Speed Shared Control Channel (HSDPA) does not contain any pilot symbols. It is a channel type that is expected in code classes equal to or higher than 7.
The modulation type should always be QPSK. The channel does not contain any
pilot symbols.
If the application is configured to recognize all QPSK-modulated channels without
pilot symbols (see "HSDPA/UPA" on page 60), the channels of HSDPA will be
found among the data channels. If the type of a channel can be fully recognized, as
for example with a DPCH (based on pilot sequences) or HS-PDSCH (based on
modulation type), the type is entered in the field TYPE. All other channels without
pilot symbols are of type CHAN. The channels are in descending order according to
symbol rates and, within a symbol rate, in ascending order according to the channel
numbers. There-fore, the unassigned codes are always to be found at the end of
the table.
If the modulation type for a channel can vary, the measured value of the modulation
type will be appended to the type of the channel.
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MIMO channel types
Optionally, single antenna MIMO measurement channels can also be detected. In this
case, HS-PDSCH channels with exclusively QPSK or exclusively 16 QAM on both
transport streams are automatically detected and demodulated. The corresponding
channel types are denoted as "HS-MIMO-QPSK" and "HS-MIMO-16QAM".
Measurement Basics
BTS Channel Types
Channel type Description
EHICH-ERGCH HSUPA:
Enhanced HARQ Hybrid Acknowledgement Indicator Channel
Enhanced Relative Grant Channel
EAGCH Enhanced Absolute Grant Channel
SCPICH Secondary Common Pilot Channel
CHAN If the application is configured to recognize all QPSK-modulated channels without
pilot symbols (see "HSDPA/UPA" on page 60), all QPSK-modulated channels
without pilot symbols and a code class higher than or equal to 7 are marked with
the channel type CHAN.
The MIMO constellations resulting on a single antenna consist of three amplitudes per
dimension (-1, 0, 1) in the case of QPSK x QPSK, and seven amplitudes per dimension (-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3) in the case of 16 QAM x 16 QAM. The symbol decisions of
these constellations can be retrieved via the bitstream output. The mapping between
bits and constellation points is given by the following table.
Table 4-4: Mapping between bits and constellation points for MIMO-QPSK
Constellation point (normalized) Bit sequence
0,0 0,1,0,1
1,0 0,1,0,0
-1,0 0,1,1,1
0,1 0,0,0,1
1,1 0,0,0,0
-1,1 0,0,1,1
0,-1 1,1,0,1
1,-1 1,1,0,0
-1,-1 1,1,1,1
For MIMO-16QAM, the bit sequence is the same in both I and Q. Only one dimension
is given here.
Table 4-5: Mapping between bits and constellation points for MIMO-16QAM
Constellation point (normalized) Bit sequence
-3 1,1,1
-2 1,1,0
-1 1,0,0
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Measurement Basics
UE Channel Types
Constellation point (normalized) Bit sequence
0 1,0,1
1 0,0,1
2 0,0,0
3 0,1,0
4.3 UE Channel Types
The following channel types can be detected in 3GPP FDD uplink signals by the 3GPP
FDD UE application.
Control channels
The 3GPP FDD UE application expects the following control channels for the Code
Domain Power measurements:
Table 4-6: Common 3GPP FDD UE control channels and their usage
Channel type Description
DPCCH The Dedicated Physical Control Channel is used to synchronize the signal. It
carries pilot symbols and is expected in the Q branch at code class 8 with code
number 0. This channel must be contained in every channel table.
HSDPCCH The High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (for HS-DCH) is used to
carry control information (CQI/ACK/NACK) for downlink high speed data channels (HS-DCH). It is used in HSDPA signal setup. The symbol rate is fixed to
15ksps. The code allocation depends on the number of active DPCH. The HSDPCCH can be switched on or off after the duration of 1/5 frame or 3 slots or
2ms. Power control is applicable too.
EDPCCH The Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control Channel is used to carry control
information for uplink high speed data channels (EDPDCH). It is used in
HSUPA signal setup. The symbol rate is fixed to 15ksps.
Other channels are optional and contain the user data to be transmitted. A data channel is any channel that does not have a predefined channel number and symbol rate.
The following channel types can be detected by the 3GPP FDD UE application:
Table 4-7: Common 3GPP FDD UE data channels and their usage
Channel type Description
DPDCH The Dedicated Physical Data Channel is used to carry UPLINK data from the UE to
the BS. The code allocation depends on the total required symbol rate.
EDPDCH The Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel is used to carry UPLINK data for
high speed channels (EDPDCH). It is used in HSUPA signal setup. The symbol
rate and code allocation depends on the number of DPDCH and HS-DPCCH.
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As specified in 3GPP, the channel table can contain up to 6 DPDCHs or up to 4 EDPDCHs.
Measurement Basics
3GPP FDD BTS Test Models
4.4 3GPP FDD BTS Test Models
For measurements on base-station signals in line with 3GPP, test models with different
channel configurations are specified in the document "Base station conformance testing (FDD)" (3GPP TS 25.141 V5.7.0). An overview of the test models is provided here.
Table 4-8: Test model 1
Channel type Number of chan-
nels
PCCPCH+SCH 1 10 -10 1 0
Primary CPICH 1 10 -10 0 0
PICH 1 1.6 -18 16 120
SCCPCH (SF=256) 1 1.6 -18 3 0
DPCH (SF=128) 16/32/64 76.8
Table 4-9: Test model 2
Channel type Number of chan-
nels
PCCPCH+SCH 1 10 -10 1 0
Power
(%)
total
Power
(%)
Level (dB) Spreading
code
see TS
25.141
Level (dB) Spreading
see TS 25.141 see TS 25.141
code
Timing offset
(×256Tchip)
Timing offset
(x256Tchip)
Primary CPICH 1 10 -10 0 0
PICH 1 5 -13 16 120
SCCPCH (SF=256) 1 5 -13 3 0
DPCH (SF=128) 3 2 × 10,
1 × 50
Table 4-10: Test model 3
Channel type Number of
channels
PCCPCH+SCH 1 12.6/7.9 -9/-11 1 0
Primary CPICH 1 12.6/7.9 -9/-11 0 0
PICH 1 5/1.6 -13/-18 16 120
SCCPCH
(SF=256)
DPCH (SF=256) 16/32 63,7/80,4
1 5/1.6 -13/-18 3 0
Power (%)
16/32
total
2 × -10, 1 ×-324, 72, 120 1, 7, 2
Level (dB)
16/32
see TS
25.141
Spreading
code
see TS 25.141 see TS 25.141
Timing offset
(×256Tchip)
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Table 4-11: Test model 4
Measurement Basics
Setup for Base Station Tests
Channel type Number of chan-
nels
PCCPCH+SCH 1 50 to 1.6 -3 to -18 1 0
Primary CPICH* 1 10 -10 0 0
Table 4-12: Test model 5
Channel type Number of
channels
PCCPCH+SCH 1 7.9 -11 1 0
Primary CPICH 1 7.9 -11 0 0
PICH 1 1.3 -19 16 120
SCCPCH (SF=256) 1 1.3 -19 3 0
DPCH (SF=256) 30/14/6 14/14.2/14.4 total see TS
HS_SCCH 2 4 total see TS
HS_PDSCH
(16QAM)
8/4/2 63.6/63.4/63.2 total see TS
Power
(%)
16/32
Power (%) Level
Level (dB)
16/32
(dB)
25.141
25.141
25.141
Spreading code Timing offset
Spreading
code
see TS
25.141
see TS
25.141
see TS
25.141
(×256Tchip)
Timing offset
(×256Tchip)
see TS 25.141
see TS 25.141
see TS 25.141
4.5 Setup for Base Station Tests
This section describes how to set up the analyzer for 3GPP FDD BTS tests. As a prerequisite for starting the test, the R&S FPS must be correctly set up and connected to
the AC power supply as described in the instrument's Getting Started manual. Furthermore, the 3GPP FDD BTS application must be available.
Standard Test Setup
●
Connect the antenna output (or Tx output) of the BTS to the RF input of the analyzer via a power attenuator of suitable attenuation.
The following values are recommended for the external attenuator to ensure that
the RF input of the analyzer is protected and the sensitivity of the analyzer is not
reduced too much.
Max. power Recommended ext. attenuation
≥55 to 60 dBm 35 to 40 dB
≥50 to 55 dBm 30 to 35 dB
≥45 to 50 dBm 25 to 30 dB
≥40 to 45 dBm 20 to 25 dB
≥35 to 40 dBm 15 to 20 dB
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●
●
●
Measurement Basics
3GPP FDD UE Test Models
Max. power Recommended ext. attenuation
≥30 to 35 dBm 10 to 15 dB
≥25 to 30 dBm 5 to 10 dB
≥20 to 25 dBm 0 to 5 dB
<20 dBm 0 dB
For signal measurements at the output of two-port networks, connect the reference
frequency of the signal source to the rear reference input of the analyzer (EXT REF
IN/OUT).
To ensure that the error limits specified by the 3GPP standard are met, the analyzer should use an external reference frequency for frequency measurements on
base stations. For instance, a rubidium frequency standard may be used as a reference source.
If the base station is provided with a trigger output, connect this output to the trigger input of the analyzer.
Presetting
Configure the R&S FPS as follows:
●
Set the external attenuation (Reference level offset).
●
Set the reference level.
●
Set the center frequency.
●
Set the trigger.
●
Select the BTS standard and measurement.
4.6 3GPP FDD UE Test Models
The possible channel configurations for the mobile station signal are limited by 3GPP.
Only two different configurations for data channels DPDCH are permissible according
to the specification. In addition to these two channel configurations, the HS-DPCCH
channel can be transmitted to operate the mobile station in HSDPA mode. Thus, the
3GPP FDD UE application checks for these channel configurations only during the
automatic channel search. Therefore, channels whose parameters do not correspond
to one of these configurations are not automatically detected as active channels.
The two possible channel configurations are summarized below:
Table 4-13: Channel configuration 1: DPCCH and 1 DPDCH
Channel type Number of chan-
nels
DPCCH 1 15 ksps 0 Q
DPDCH 1 15 ksps – 960
Symbol rate Spreading
code(s)
[spreading-
ksps
factor/4]
Mapping
I
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Table 4-14: Channel configuration 2: DPCCH and up to 6 DPDCH
Measurement Basics
Setup for User Equipment Tests
Channel type Number of channels Symbol rate Spreading code(s) Mapping
DPCCH 1 15 ksps 0 Q
DPDCH 1 960 ksps 1 I
DPDCH 1 960 ksps 1 Q
DPDCH 1 960 ksps 3 I
DPDCH 1 960 ksps 3 Q
DPDCH 1 960 ksps 2 I
DPDCH 1 960 ksps 2 Q
Table 4-15: Channel configuration 3: DPCCH, up to 6 DPDCH and 1 HS-DPCCH The channel configu-
Number of
DPDCH
1 15 – 960 ksps 15 ksps 64 Q
2 1920 ksps 15 ksps 1 I
3 2880 ksps 15 ksps 32 Q
4 3840 ksps 15 ksps 1 I
5 4800 ksps 15 ksps 32 Q
6 5760 ksps 15 ksps 1 I
Table 4-16: Channelization code of HS-DPCCH
Nmax-dpdch (as defined in subclause 4.2.1) Channelization code C
1 C
2,4,6 C
3,5 C
ration is as above in table 4-2. On HS-DPCCH is added to each channel table.
Symbol rate all DPDCH Symbol rate
HS-DPCCH
Spreading code
HS-DPCCH
ch,256,64
ch,256,1
ch,256,32
Mapping (HS-DPCCH)
ch
4.7 Setup for User Equipment Tests
This section describes how to set up the R&S FPS for 3GPP FDD UE user equipment
tests. As a prerequisite for starting the test, the R&S FPS must be correctly set up and
connected to the AC power supply as described in the analyzer's Getting Started manual. Furthermore, the 3GPP FDD UE application must be installed.
Standard Test Setup
●
Connect antenna output (or Tx output) of UE to RF input of the analyzer via a
power attenuator of suitable attenuation.
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Measurement Basics
Time Alignment Error Measurements
The following values are recommended for the external attenuator to ensure that
the RF input of the analyzer is protected and the sensitivity of the analyzer is not
reduced too much.
Max. power Recommended ext. attenuation
³55 to 60 dBm 35 to 40 dB
³50 to 55 dBm 30 to 35 dB
³45 to 50 dBm 25 to 30 dB
³40 to 45 dBm 20 to 25 dB
³35 to 40 dBm 15 to 20 dB
³30 to 35 dBm 10 to 15 dB
³25 to 30 dBm 5 to 10 dB
³20 to 25 dBm 0 to 5 dB
<20 dBm 0 dB
●
For signal measurements at the output of two-port networks, connect the reference
frequency of the signal source to the external reference input connector of the analyzer (REF INPUT).
●
To ensure that the error limits specified by the 3GPP standard are met, the analyzer should use an external reference frequency for frequency measurements on
user equipment. For instance, a rubidium frequency standard may be used as a
reference source.
●
If the user equipment is provided with a trigger output, connect this output to one of
the TRIGGER INPUT connectors of the analyzer.
Presetting
Configure the R&S FPS as follows:
●
Set the external attenuation (Reference level offset).
●
Set the reference level.
●
Set the center frequency.
●
Set the trigger.
●
Select the UE standard and measurement.
4.8 Time Alignment Error Measurements
Time Alignment Error Measurements are a special type of Code Domain Analysis used
to determine the time offset between the signals of both antennas of a base station.
● Measurement Setup for Two Antennas in a Base Station...................................... 53
● Measurement Setup for Transmit Signals From Multiple Base Stations.................53
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Measurement Basics
Time Alignment Error Measurements
4.8.1 Measurement Setup for Two Antennas in a Base Station
The antenna signals of the two BTS transmitter branches are fed to the analyzer via a
combiner. Each antenna must provide a common pilot channel, i.e. P-CPICH for
antenna 1 and P-CPICH or S-CPICH for antenna 2. The Time Alignment Error Mea-
surement setup for one base station using an R&S FPS shows the measurement
setup.
Figure 4-1: Time Alignment Error Measurement setup for one base station using an R&S FPS
Synchronization check
A synchronization check is performed for both antennas which must have the result
"Sync OK" to ensure a proper TAE result. Synchronization problems are indicated by
the messages "No antenna 1 sync", "No antenna 2 sync" and "No sync". Errors can
also be read remotely via bits 1 and 2 of the Sync status register (see Chapter 11.13,
"Querying the Status Registers", on page 263).
4.8.2 Measurement Setup for Transmit Signals From Multiple Base Stations
All of the signals must be superimposed in a similar way to the measurement with a
single base station, prior to feeding them into the spectrum analyzer's RF input. The
signals from the different base stations can each include one or both of the transmit
antennas. Here too, all of the signals on all of the antennas to be tested must provide a
common pilot channel: P-CPICH for all signals on antenna 1, P-CPICH or S-CPICH for
signals on antenna 2.
Carrier tables
The number of base stations and the transmit frequency of the base stations can be
defined using a table. You can define a table interactively in the R&S FPS 3GPP FDD
Measurements application, using remote commands, or offline by defining an xml file
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with a specified structure. A template for such a file is provided with the R&S FPS
3GPP FDD Measurements application.
A default table ("RECENT") is always available and cannot be deleted.
Carriers and reference carrier
The measurement can be performed for base station signals on different transmit frequencies for up to 4 signals. One carrier must be defined as the reference carrier for
the time alignment error results. Based on the maximum spacing for the base stations
set in the table, the R&S FPS 3GPP FDD Measurements application determines the
necessary bandwidth and sampling rate. The smallest possible bandwidth and sampling rate are always used.
Carrier frequencies
Carriers are defined by their frequencies, or more precisely: as frequency offsets to the
reference carrier. The reference carrier itself is set to the current center frequency, thus
the offset is always 0.
The minimum spacing between two carriers is 2.5 MHz. If this minimum spacing is
not maintained, a conflict is indicated.
Measurement Basics
CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode
The maximum positive and negative frequency offset which a carrier can have
from the reference depends on the available analysis bandwidth.
●
R&S FPS with no bandwidth extension options: 1 carrier only (multi-carrier not
available)
●
R&S FPS with bandwidth extension option B40: ±17.5 MHz
●
R&S FPS with bandwidth extension option B160 or higher: ±61.5 MHz
If the maximum offsets from the reference are exceeded, a conflict is indicated.
Carrier details
For each base station to be tested, the scrambling code, CPICH number and patterns
used on both antennas must be known in order to enable synchronization to the signal
for this antenna.
4.9 CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode
The 3GPP FDD BTS application can also be used to analyze data in MSRA operating
mode.
In MSRA operating mode, only the MSRA Master actually captures data; the MSRA
applications receive an extract of the captured data for analysis, referred to as the
application data. For the 3GPP FDD BTS application in MSRA operating mode, the
application data range is defined by the same settings used to define the signal capture in Signal and Spectrum Analyzer mode. In addition, a capture offset can be
defined, i.e. an offset from the start of the captured data to the start of the analysis
interval for the 3GPP FDD BTS measurement.
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Data coverage for each active application
Generally, if a signal contains multiple data channels for multiple standards, separate
applications are used to analyze each data channel. Thus, it is of interest to know
which application is analyzing which data channel. The MSRA Master display indicates
the data covered by each application, restricted to the channel bandwidth used by the
corresponding standard (for 3GPP FDD: 5 MHz), by vertical blue lines labeled with the
application name.
Analysis interval
However, the individual result displays of the application need not analyze the complete data range. The data range that is actually analyzed by the individual result display is referred to as the analysis interval.
In the 3GPP FDD BTS application the analysis interval is automatically determined
according to the selected channel, slot or frame to analyze which is defined for the
evaluation range, depending on the result display. The analysis interval can not be edited directly in the 3GPP FDD BTS application, but is changed automatically when you
change the evaluation range.
Measurement Basics
CDA Measurements in MSRA Operating Mode
Analysis line
A frequent question when analyzing multi-standard signals is how each data channel is
correlated (in time) to others. Thus, an analysis line has been introduced. The analysis
line is a common time marker for all MSRA slave applications. It can be positioned in
any MSRA slave application or the MSRA Master and is then adjusted in all other slave
applications. Thus, you can easily analyze the results at a specific time in the measurement in all slave applications and determine correlations.
If the marked point in time is contained in the analysis interval of the slave application,
the line is indicated in all time-based result displays, such as time, symbol, slot or bit
diagrams. By default, the analysis line is displayed, however, it can be hidden from
view manually. In all result displays, the "AL" label in the window title bar indicates
whether the analysis line lies within the analysis interval or not:
●
orange "AL": the line lies within the interval
●
white "AL": the line lies within the interval, but is not displayed (hidden)
●
no "AL": the line lies outside the interval
For details on the MSRA operating mode see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
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5 Configuration
The 3GPP FDD applications provide several different measurements for signals
according to the 3GPP FDD application. The main and default measurement is Code
Domain Analysis. Furthermore, a Time Alignment Error measurement is provided. In
addition to the code domain power measurements specified by the 3GPP standard, the
3GPP FDD options offer measurements with predefined settings in the frequency
domain, e.g. RF power measurements.
Only one measurement type can be configured per channel; however, several channels with 3GPP FDD applications can be configured in parallel on the R&S FPS. Thus,
you can configure one channel for a Code Domain Analysis, for example, and another
for a Time Alignment Error or Power measurement for the same input signal. Then you
can use the Sequencer to perform all measurements consecutively and either switch
through the results easily or monitor all results at the same time in the "MultiView" tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FPS User Manual.
Selecting the measurement type
Configuration
Result Display
When you activate an 3GPP FDD application, Code Domain Analysis of the input signal is started automatically. However, the 3GPP FDD applications also provide other
measurement types.
► To select a different measurement type, do one of the following:
● In the "Overview", select the "Select Measurement" button. Select the required
measurement.
● Press the MEAS key. In the "Select Measurement" dialog box, select the
required measurement.
● Result Display......................................................................................................... 56
● Code Domain Analysis............................................................................................57
● Time Alignment Error Measurements..................................................................... 92
● RF Measurements...................................................................................................99
5.1 Result Display
The captured signal can be displayed using various evaluation methods. All evaluation
methods available for 3GPP FDD applications are displayed in the evaluation bar in
SmartGrid mode when you do one of the following:
●
Select the
●
Select the "Display" button in the "Overview".
●
Press the MEAS key.
●
Select the "Display Config" softkey in any 3GPP FDD menu.
"SmartGrid" icon from the toolbar.
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Up to 16 evaluation methods can be displayed simultaneously in separate windows.
The 3GPP FDD evaluation methods are described in Chapter 3.1.2, "Evaluation Meth-
ods for Code Domain Analysis", on page 16.
To close the SmartGrid mode and restore the previous softkey menu select the
"Close" icon in the righthand corner of the toolbar, or press any key.
For details on working with the SmartGrid see the R&S FPS Getting Started manual.
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
5.2 Code Domain Analysis
Access: MODE > "3G FDD BTS"/ "3G FDD UE"
3GPP FDD measurements require special applications on the R&S FPS.
When you activate a 3GPP FDD application the first time, a set of parameters is
passed on from the currently active application:
●
center frequency and frequency offset
●
reference level and reference level offset
●
attenuation
After initial setup, the parameters for the measurement channel are stored upon exiting
and restored upon re-entering the channel. Thus, you can switch between applications
quickly and easily.
When you activate a 3GPP FDD application, Code Domain Analysis of the input signal
is started automatically with the default configuration. The "Code Domain Analyzer"
menu is displayed and provides access to the most important configuration functions.
The "Span", "Bandwidth", "Lines", and "Marker Functions" menus are not available in
3GPP FDD applications.
Code Domain Analysis can be configured easily in the "Overview" dialog box, which is
displayed when you select the "Overview" softkey from any menu.
Importing and Exporting I/Q Data
Access: , "Save/Recall" menu > "Import I/Q"/ "Export I/Q"
The 3GPP FDD applications can not only measure the 3GPP FDD I/Q data to be evaluated. They can also import I/Q data, provided it has the correct format. Furthermore,
the evaluated I/Q data from the 3GPP FDD applications can be exported for further
analysis in external applications.
For details on importing and exporting I/Q data, see the R&S FPS User Manual.
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● Configuration Overview...........................................................................................58
● Signal Description................................................................................................... 59
● Data Input and Output Settings...............................................................................64
● Frontend Settings....................................................................................................67
● Trigger Settings.......................................................................................................72
● Signal Capture (Data Acquisition)...........................................................................77
● Application Data (MSRA) ....................................................................................... 80
● Synchronization (BTS Measurements Only)...........................................................80
● Channel Detection...................................................................................................82
● Sweep Settings....................................................................................................... 89
● Automatic Settings.................................................................................................. 90
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
5.2.1 Configuration Overview
Access: MEAS CONFIG > "Overview"
Throughout the measurement configuration, an overview of the most important currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview".
Figure 5-1: Configuration "Overview" for CDA measurements
In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to
the main settings dialog boxes. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement
channel from input over processing to evaluation by stepping through the dialog boxes
as indicated in the "Overview".
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The available settings and functions in the "Overview" vary depending on the currently
selected measurement.
For Time Alignment Error Measurements see Chapter 5.3.1, "Configuration Overview",
on page 93.
For RF measurements see Chapter 5.4, "RF Measurements", on page 99.
To configure settings
► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.
Preset Channel............................................................................................................. 59
Select Measurement..................................................................................................... 59
Specifics for ..................................................................................................................59
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to
restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the PRESET key, which restores the
entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the R&S FPS
(except for the default channel)!
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 151
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to
change a specific setting.
Select Measurement
Selects a different measurement to be performed.
See Chapter 3, "Measurements and Result Display", on page 13.
Specifics for
The channel may contain several windows for different results. Thus, the settings indicated in the "Overview" and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the
selected window.
Select an active window from the "Specifics for" selection list that is displayed in the
"Overview" and in all window-specific configuration dialog boxes.
The "Overview" and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected
window.
5.2.2 Signal Description
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description"
or: MEAS CONFIG > "Signal Description"
The signal description provides information on the expected input signal.
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● BTS Signal Description........................................................................................... 60
● BTS Scrambling Code.............................................................................................61
● UE Signal Description (UE Measurements)............................................................63
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
5.2.2.1 BTS Signal Description
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description"
or: MEAS CONFIG > "Signal Description"
The settings available to describe the input signal in BTS measurements are described
here.
HSDPA/UPA................................................................................................................. 60
Compressed Mode........................................................................................................61
MIMO............................................................................................................................ 61
Antenna Diversity..........................................................................................................61
Antenna Number...........................................................................................................61
HSDPA/UPA
If enabled, the application detects all QPSK-modulated channels without pilot symbols
(HSDPA channels) and displays them in the channel table. If the type of a channel can
be fully recognized, as for example with a HS-PDSCH (based on modulation type), the
type is indicated in the table. All other channels without pilot symbols are of type
"CHAN".
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:HSDPamode on page 154
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Compressed Mode
If compressed mode is switched on, some slots of a channel are suppressed. To keep
the overall data rate, the slots just before or just behind a compressed gap can be sent
with half spreading factor (SF/2). This mode must be enabled to detect compressed
mode channels (see Chapter 4.2, "BTS Channel Types", on page 43).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:PCONtrol on page 156
MIMO
Activates or deactivates single antenna MIMO measurement mode.
If activated, HS-PDSCH channels with exclusively QPSK or exclusively 16 QAM on
both transport streams are automatically detected and demodulated. The corresponding channel types are denoted as "HS-MIMO-QPSK" and "HS-MIMO-16QAM", respectively.
For details see "MIMO channel types" on page 46.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:MIMO on page 156
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Antenna Diversity
This option switches the antenna diversity mode on and off.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:ANTenna on page 154
Antenna Number
This option switches between diversity antennas 1 and 2. Depending on the selected
setting, the 3GPP FDD application synchronizes to the CPICH of antenna 1 or antenna
2.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:ANTenna on page 154
5.2.2.2 BTS Scrambling Code
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Scrambling Code" tab
or: MEAS CONFIG > "Signal Description" > "Scrambling Code" tab
The scrambling code identifies the base station transmitting the signal. You can either
define the used scrambling code manually, or perform a search on the input signal to
detect a list of possible scrambling codes automatically.
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Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Scrambling Code...........................................................................................................62
Format Hex/Dec............................................................................................................62
Scrambling Codes.........................................................................................................62
Autosearch for Scrambling Code.................................................................................. 62
Export............................................................................................................................63
Scrambling Code
Defines the scrambling code. The scrambling codes are used to distinguish between
different base stations. Each base station has its own scrambling code.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe:DVALue on page 157
Format Hex/Dec
Switch the display format of the scrambling codes between hexadecimal and decimal.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe:DVALue on page 157
[SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe[:VALue] on page 158
Scrambling Codes
This table includes all found scrambling codes from the last autosearch sequence. In
the first column each detected scrambling code can be selected for export.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe:SEARch:LIST? on page 155
Autosearch for Scrambling Code
Starts a search on the measured signal for all scrambling codes. The scrambling code
that leads to the highest signal power is chosen as the new scrambling code.
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Searching requires that the correct center frequency and level are set. The scrambling
code search can automatically determine the primary scrambling code number. The
secondary scrambling code number is expected as 0. Alternative scrambling codes
can not be detected. Therefore the range for detection is 0x0000 – 0x1FF0h, where the
last digit is always 0.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe:SEARch[:IMMediate]? on page 155
Export
Writes the detected scrambling codes together with their powers into a text file in the
R&S user directory (C:\R_S\INSTR\USER\ScrCodes.txt)
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
5.2.2.3 UE Signal Description (UE Measurements)
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Description" > "Signal Description"
or: MEAS CONFIG > "Signal Description"
The settings available to describe the input signal in UE measurements are described
here.
Scrambling Code...........................................................................................................63
Format...........................................................................................................................64
Type.............................................................................................................................. 64
HSDPA/UPA................................................................................................................. 64
QPSK Modulation Only................................................................................................. 64
Scrambling Code
Defines the scrambling code used to transmit the signal in the specified format.
The scrambling code identifies the user equipment transmitting the signal. If an incor-
rect scrambling code is defined, a CDP measurement of the signal is not possible.
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Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe[:VALue] on page 158
Format
Switches the display format of the scrambling codes between hexadecimal and decimal.
Remote command:
SENS:CDP:LCOD:DVAL <numeric value> (see [SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe:
DVALue on page 157)
Type
Defines whether the entered scrambling code is to be handled as a long or short
scrambling code.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe:TYPE on page 158
HSDPA/UPA
If enabled, the application detects all QPSK-modulated channels without pilot symbols
(HSDPA channels) and displays them in the channel table. If the type of a channel can
be fully recognized, as for example with a HS-PDSCH (based on modulation type), the
type is indicated in the table. All other channels without pilot symbols are of type
"CHAN".
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:HSDPamode on page 154
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
QPSK Modulation Only
If enabled, it is assumed that the signal uses QPSK modulation only. Thus, a special
QPSK-based synchronization can be performed and the measurement therefore runs
with optimized speed.
Do not enable this mode for signals that do not use QPSK modulation.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:QPSK on page 158
5.2.3 Data Input and Output Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend"
or: INPUT/OUTPUT
The R&S FPS can analyze signals from different input sources and provide various
types of output (such as noise or trigger signals).
● Input Source Settings..............................................................................................64
● Output Settings....................................................................................................... 66
5.2.3.1 Input Source Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source"
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The input source determines which data the R&S FPS will analyze.
The default input source for the R&S FPS is "Radio Frequency" , i.e. the signal at the
RF INPUT connector of the R&S FPS. If no additional options are installed, this is the
only available input source.
● Radio Frequency Input............................................................................................65
Radio Frequency Input
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Input Source" > "Radio Frequency"
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Radio Frequency State ................................................................................................ 65
Input Coupling ..............................................................................................................65
Impedance ................................................................................................................... 65
YIG-Preselector ............................................................................................................66
Radio Frequency State
Activates input from the RF INPUT connector.
Remote command:
INPut:SELect on page 160
Input Coupling
The RF input of the R&S FPS can be coupled by alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. This is the default setting to
prevent damage to the instrument. Very low frequencies in the input signal may be distorted.
However, some specifications require DC coupling. In this case, you must protect the
instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually. For details, refer to the data
sheet.
Remote command:
INPut:COUPling on page 159
Impedance
For some measurements, the reference impedance for the measured levels of the
R&S FPS can be set to 50 Ω or 75 Ω.
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Select 75 Ω if the 50 Ω input impedance is transformed to a higher impedance using a
75 Ω adapter of the RAZ type. (That corresponds to 25Ω in series to the input impedance of the instrument.) The correction value in this case is 1.76 dB = 10 log (75Ω/
50Ω).
This value also affects the unit conversion (see " Reference Level " on page 67).
Remote command:
INPut:IMPedance on page 160
YIG-Preselector
Activates or deactivates the YIG-preselector, if available on the R&S FPS.
An internal YIG-preselector at the input of the R&S FPS ensures that image frequen-
cies are rejected. However, this is only possible for a restricted bandwidth. To use the
maximum bandwidth for signal analysis you can deactivate the YIG-preselector at the
input of the R&S FPS, which can lead to image-frequency display.
Note that the YIG-preselector is active only on frequencies greater than 8 GHz. Therefore, switching the YIG-preselector on or off has no effect if the frequency is below that
value.
Remote command:
INPut:FILTer:YIG[:STATe] on page 160
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
5.2.3.2 Output Settings
Access: INPUT/OUTPUT > "Output"
The R&S FPS can provide output to special connectors for other devices.
For details on connectors, refer to the R&S FPS Getting Started manual, "Front / Rear
Panel View" chapters.
How to provide trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R&S FPS User
Manual.
Noise Source Control....................................................................................................67
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Noise Source Control
The R&S FPS provides a connector (NOISE SOURCE CONTROL) with a 28 V voltage
supply for an external noise source. By switching the supply voltage for an external
noise source on or off in the firmware, you can activate or deactivate the device as
required.
External noise sources are useful when you are measuring power levels that fall below
the noise floor of the R&S FPS itself, for example when measuring the noise level of an
amplifier.
In this case, you can first connect an external noise source (whose noise power level is
known in advance) to the R&S FPS and measure the total noise power. From this
value you can determine the noise power of the R&S FPS. Then when you measure
the power level of the actual DUT, you can deduct the known noise level from the total
power to obtain the power level of the DUT.
Remote command:
DIAGnostic:SERVice:NSOurce on page 161
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
5.2.4 Frontend Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend"
Frequency, amplitude and y-axis scaling settings represent the "frontend" of the measurement setup.
● Amplitude Settings.................................................................................................. 67
● Y-Axis Scaling.........................................................................................................70
● Frequency Settings................................................................................................. 71
5.2.4.1 Amplitude Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Amplitude"
Amplitude settings determine how the R&S FPS must process or display the expected
input power levels.
Reference Level ...........................................................................................................67
└ Shifting the Display ( Offset ).......................................................................... 68
└ Unit .................................................................................................................68
└ Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level )...............................68
RF Attenuation ............................................................................................................. 68
└ Attenuation Mode / Value ...............................................................................68
Using Electronic Attenuation ........................................................................................69
Input Settings ............................................................................................................... 69
└ Preamplifier (option B22/B24).........................................................................69
Reference Level
Defines the expected maximum reference level. Signal levels above this value may not
be measured correctly. This is indicated by an "IF Overload" status display.
The reference level can also be used to scale power diagrams; the reference level is
then used as the maximum on the y-axis.
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Since the hardware of the R&S FPS is adapted according to this value, it is recommended that you set the reference level close above the expected maximum signal level.
Thus you ensure an optimum measurement (no compression, good signal-to-noise
ratio).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel on page 165
Shifting the Display ( Offset ) ← Reference Level
Defines an arithmetic level offset. This offset is added to the measured level. In some
result displays, the scaling of the y-axis is changed accordingly.
Define an offset if the signal is attenuated or amplified before it is fed into the R&S FPS
so the application shows correct power results. All displayed power level results are
shifted by this value.
The setting range is ±200 dB in 0.01 dB steps.
Note, however, that the internal reference level (used to adjust the hardware settings to
the expected signal) ignores any "Reference Level Offset" . Thus, it is important to
keep in mind the actual power level the R&S FPS must handle. Do not rely on the displayed reference level (internal reference level = displayed reference level - offset).
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:OFFSet on page 165
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Unit ← Reference Level
For CDA measurements, do not change the unit, as this would lead to useless results.
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level ) ← Reference Level
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at
the R&S FPS for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators are
adjusted so the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and clipping are minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the
R&S FPS.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation
level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease
the reference level in the same way.
You can change the measurement time for the level measurement if necessary (see "
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual )" on page 92).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 195
RF Attenuation
Defines the attenuation applied to the RF input of the R&S FPS.
Attenuation Mode / Value ← RF Attenuation
The RF attenuation can be set automatically as a function of the selected reference
level (Auto mode). This ensures that no overload occurs at the RF INPUT connector
for the current reference level. It is the default setting.
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By default and when no (optional) electronic attenuation is available, mechanical
attenuation is applied.
In "Manual" mode, you can set the RF attenuation in 1 dB steps (down to 0 dB). Other
entries are rounded to the next integer value. The range is specified in the data sheet.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the defined RF attenuation, the reference level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed.
NOTICE! Risk of hardware damage due to high power levels. When decreasing the
attenuation manually, ensure that the power level does not exceed the maximum level
allowed at the RF input, as an overload may lead to hardware damage.
Remote command:
INPut:ATTenuation on page 166
INPut:ATTenuation:AUTO on page 166
Using Electronic Attenuation
If the (optional) Electronic Attenuation hardware is installed on the R&S FPS, you can
also activate an electronic attenuator.
In "Auto" mode, the settings are defined automatically; in "Manual" mode, you can
define the mechanical and electronic attenuation separately.
Note: Electronic attenuation is not available for stop frequencies (or center frequencies
in zero span) above 7 GHz.
In "Auto" mode, RF attenuation is provided by the electronic attenuator as much as
possible to reduce the amount of mechanical switching required. Mechanical attenuation may provide a better signal-to-noise ratio, however.
When you switch off electronic attenuation, the RF attenuation is automatically set to
the same mode (auto/manual) as the electronic attenuation was set to. Thus, the RF
attenuation can be set to automatic mode, and the full attenuation is provided by the
mechanical attenuator, if possible.
The electronic attenuation can be varied in 1 dB steps. If the electronic attenuation is
on, the mechanical attenuation can be varied in 5 dB steps. Other entries are rounded
to the next lower integer value.
If the defined reference level cannot be set for the given attenuation, the reference
level is adjusted accordingly and the warning "limit reached" is displayed in the status
bar.
Remote command:
INPut:EATT:STATe on page 167
INPut:EATT:AUTO on page 167
INPut:EATT on page 167
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Input Settings
Some input settings affect the measured amplitude of the signal, as well.
The parameters "Input Coupling" and "Impedance" are identical to those in the "Input"
settings.
Preamplifier (option B22/B24) ← Input Settings
Switches the preamplifier on and off. If activated, the input signal is amplified by 20 dB.
If option R&S FPS-B22 is installed, the preamplifier is only active below 7 GHz.
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If option R&S FPS-B24 is installed, the preamplifier is active for all frequencies.
Remote command:
INPut:GAIN:STATe on page 165
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
5.2.4.2 Y-Axis Scaling
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Scale"
Or: AMPT > "Scale Config"
The vertical axis scaling is configurable. In Code Domain Analysis, the y-axis usually
displays the measured power levels.
Y-Maximum, Y-Minimum...............................................................................................70
Auto Scale Once .......................................................................................................... 70
Restore Scale (Window)............................................................................................... 70
Y-Maximum, Y-Minimum
Defines the amplitude range to be displayed on the y-axis of the evaluation diagrams.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MAXimum on page 164
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MINimum on page 164
Auto Scale Once
Automatically determines the optimal range and reference level position to be displayed for the current measurement settings.
The display is only set once; it is not adapted further if the measurement settings are
changed again.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO ONCE on page 163
Restore Scale (Window)
Restores the default scale settings in the currently selected window.
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Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
5.2.4.3 Frequency Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Input/Frontend" > "Frequency"
Center Frequency ........................................................................................................ 71
Center Frequency Stepsize ..........................................................................................71
Frequency Offset ..........................................................................................................72
Center Frequency
Defines the center frequency of the signal in Hertz.
The allowed range of values for the center frequency depends on the frequency span.
span > 0: span
f
and span
max
/2 ≤ f
min
depend on the instrument and are specified in the data sheet.
min
center
≤ f
max
– span
min
/2
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer on page 161
Center Frequency Stepsize
Defines the step size by which the center frequency is increased or decreased using
the arrow keys.
When you use the rotary knob the center frequency changes in steps of only 1/10 of
the span.
The step size can be coupled to another value or it can be manually set to a fixed
value.
This setting is available for frequency and time domain measurements.
"X * Span"
Sets the step size for the center frequency to a defined factor of the
span. The "X-Factor" defines the percentage of the span.
Values between 1 % and 100 % in steps of 1 % are allowed. The
default setting is 10 %.
"= Center"
Sets the step size to the value of the center frequency. The used
value is indicated in the "Value" field.
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Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
"Manual"
Defines a fixed step size for the center frequency. Enter the step size
in the "Value" field.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer:STEP on page 162
Frequency Offset
Shifts the displayed frequency range along the x-axis by the defined offset.
This parameter has no effect on the instrument's hardware, or on the captured data or
on data processing. It is simply a manipulation of the final results in which absolute frequency values are displayed. Thus, the x-axis of a spectrum display is shifted by a
constant offset if it shows absolute frequencies, but not if it shows frequencies relative
to the signal's center frequency.
A frequency offset can be used to correct the display of a signal that is slightly distorted
by the measurement setup, for example.
The allowed values range from -100 GHz to 100 GHz. The default setting is 0 Hz.
Note: In MSRA mode, this function is only available for the MSRA Master.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:OFFSet on page 163
5.2.5 Trigger Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Capture" > "Trigger Source"
Access: "Overview" > "Trigger"
Trigger settings determine when the input signal is measured.
External triggers from one of the TRIGGER INPUT/OUTPUT connectors on the
R&S FPS are configured in a separate tab of the dialog box.
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For step-by-step instructions on configuring triggered measurements, see the main
R&S FPS User Manual.
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Trigger Source.............................................................................................................. 73
└ Trigger Source................................................................................................ 73
└ Free Run ..............................................................................................73
└ External Trigger 1/2.............................................................................. 74
└ IF Power .............................................................................................. 74
└ Trigger Level ..................................................................................................74
└ Drop-Out Time ............................................................................................... 74
└ Trigger Offset .................................................................................................75
└ Hysteresis ...................................................................................................... 75
└ Trigger Holdoff ............................................................................................... 75
└ Slope ..............................................................................................................75
└ Capture Offset ................................................................................................75
Trigger 2........................................................................................................................76
└ Output Type ................................................................................................... 76
└ Level .................................................................................................... 76
└ Pulse Length ........................................................................................77
└ Send Trigger ........................................................................................77
Trigger Source
The trigger settings define the beginning of a measurement.
Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Defines the trigger source. If a trigger source other than "Free Run" is set, "TRG" is
displayed in the channel bar and the trigger source is indicated.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 171
Free Run ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
No trigger source is considered. Data acquisition is started manually or automatically
and continues until stopped explicitly.
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Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IMM, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 171
External Trigger 1/2 ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
Data acquisition starts when the TTL signal fed into the specified input connector
meets or exceeds the specified trigger level.
(See " Trigger Level " on page 74).
Note: The "External Trigger 1" softkey automatically selects the trigger signal from the
TRG IN connector.
For details, see the "Instrument Tour" chapter in the R&S FPS Getting Started manual.
"External Trigger 1"
"External Trigger 2"
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Trigger signal from the TRG IN connector.
Trigger signal from the TRG AUX connector.
Note: Connector must be configured for "Input" in the "Output" configuration
(See the R&S FPS User Manual).
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR EXT, TRIG:SOUR EXT2
See TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 171
IF Power ← Trigger Source ← Trigger Source
The R&S FPS starts capturing data as soon as the trigger level is exceeded around the
third intermediate frequency.
For frequency sweeps, the third IF represents the start frequency. The trigger bandwidth at the third IF depends on the RBW and sweep type.
For measurements on a fixed frequency (e.g. zero span or I/Q measurements), the
third IF represents the center frequency.
This trigger source is only available for RF input.
This trigger source is available for frequency and time domain measurements only.
The available trigger levels depend on the RF attenuation and preamplification. A refer-
ence level offset, if defined, is also considered.
For details on available trigger levels and trigger bandwidths, see the data sheet.
Remote command:
TRIG:SOUR IFP, see TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SOURce on page 171
Trigger Level ← Trigger Source
Defines the trigger level for the specified trigger source.
For details on supported trigger levels, see the data sheet.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:LEVel[:EXTernal<port>] on page 169
Drop-Out Time ← Trigger Source
Defines the time the input signal must stay below the trigger level before triggering
again.
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Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:DTIMe on page 168
Trigger Offset ← Trigger Source
Defines the time offset between the trigger event and the start of the sweep .
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:HOLDoff[:TIME] on page 169
Hysteresis ← Trigger Source
Defines the distance in dB to the trigger level that the trigger source must exceed
before a trigger event occurs. Setting a hysteresis avoids unwanted trigger events
caused by noise oscillation around the trigger level.
This setting is only available for "IF Power" trigger sources. The range of the value is
between 3 dB and 50 dB with a step width of 1 dB.
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Offset > 0: Start of the sweep is delayed
Offset < 0: Measurement starts earlier (pretrigger)
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HYSTeresis on page 169
Trigger Holdoff ← Trigger Source
Defines the minimum time (in seconds) that must pass between two trigger events.
Trigger events that occur during the holdoff time are ignored.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:IFPower:HOLDoff on page 169
Slope ← Trigger Source
For all trigger sources except time, you can define whether triggering occurs when the
signal rises to the trigger level or falls down to it.
Remote command:
TRIGger[:SEQuence]:SLOPe on page 171
Capture Offset ← Trigger Source
This setting is only available for slave applications in MSRA operating mode. It has a
similar effect as the trigger offset in other measurements: it defines the time offset
between the capture buffer start and the start of the extracted slave application data.
In MSRA mode, the offset must be a positive value, as the capture buffer starts at the
trigger time = 0.
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]MSRA:CAPTure:OFFSet on page 263
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Trigger 2
Defines the usage of the variable TRIGGER AUX connector on the rear panel.
(Trigger 1 is INPUT only.)
Note: Providing trigger signals as output is described in detail in the R&S FPS User
Manual.
"Input"
"Output"
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<port>:DIRection on page 172
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
The signal at the connector is used as an external trigger source by
the R&S FPS. Trigger input parameters are available in the "Trigger"
dialog box.
The R&S FPS sends a trigger signal to the output connector to be
used by connected devices.
Further trigger parameters are available for the connector.
Output Type ← Trigger 2
Type of signal to be sent to the output
"Device Trig-
gered"
"Trigger
Armed"
"User Defined"
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<port>:OTYPe on page 173
Level ← Output Type ← Trigger 2
Defines whether a high (1) or low (0) constant signal is sent to the trigger output connector.
(Default) Sends a trigger when the R&S FPS triggers.
Sends a (high level) trigger when the R&S FPS is in "Ready for trigger" state.
This state is indicated by a status bit in the STATus:OPERation register (bit 5).
Sends a trigger when you select the "Send Trigger" button.
In this case, further parameters are available for the output signal.
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The trigger pulse level is always opposite to the constant signal level defined here. For
example, for "Level = High", a constant high signal is output to the connector until you
select the Send Trigger function. Then, a low pulse is provided.
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<port>:LEVel on page 173
Pulse Length ← Output Type ← Trigger 2
Defines the duration of the pulse (pulse width) sent as a trigger to the output connector.
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<port>:PULSe:LENGth on page 174
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Send Trigger ← Output Type ← Trigger 2
Sends a user-defined trigger to the output connector immediately.
Note that the trigger pulse level is always opposite to the constant signal level defined
by the output Level setting. For example, for "Level" = "High", a constant high signal is
output to the connector until you select the "Send Trigger" function. Then, a low pulse
is sent.
Which pulse level will be sent is indicated by a graphic on the button.
Remote command:
OUTPut:TRIGger<port>:PULSe:IMMediate on page 173
5.2.6 Signal Capture (Data Acquisition)
Access: "Overview" > "Signal Capture"
or: MEAS CONFIG > "Signal Capture"
How much and how data is captured from the input signal are defined in the "Signal
Capture" settings.
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Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, only the MSRA Master channel actually captures data from
the input signal. The data acquisition settings for the 3GPP FDD BTS application in
MSRA mode define the application data extract. See Chapter 5.2.7, "Application
Data (MSRA) ", on page 80.
For details on the MSRA operating mode see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
Sample Rate................................................................................................................. 78
Swap I/Q ...................................................................................................................... 78
RRC Filter State............................................................................................................79
Capture Mode............................................................................................................... 79
Capture Length (Frames)..............................................................................................79
Capture Offset ..............................................................................................................79
Frame To Analyze.........................................................................................................80
Capture Time................................................................................................................ 80
Sample Rate
The sample rate is always 16 MHz (indicated for reference only).
Swap I/Q
Activates or deactivates the inverted I/Q modulation. If the I and Q parts of the signal
from the DUT are interchanged, the R&S FPS can do the same to compensate for it.
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Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWAPiq on page 176
RRC Filter State
Selects if a root raised cosine (RRC) receiver filter is used or not. This feature is useful
if the RRC filter is implemented in the device under test (DUT).
"ON"
"OFF"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:FILTer[:STATe] on page 175
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
On I and Q signals are interchanged
Inverted sideband, Q+j*I
Off I and Q signals are not interchanged
Normal sideband, I+j*Q
If an unfiltered signal is received (normal case), the RRC filter should
be used to get a correct signal demodulation. (Default settings)
If a filtered signal is received, the RRC filter should not be used to get
a correct signal demodulation. This is the case if the DUT filters the
signal.
Capture Mode
Captures a single slot or one complete frame.
In slot mode, only the first detected slot is captured and analyzed. This is much faster
than a complete signal measurement. However, result displays based on slots are not
available (Frequency Error vs Slot, Phase Discontinuity vs Slot, Power vs Slot).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:BASE on page 174
Capture Length (Frames)
Defines the capture length (amount of frames to record).
Note: if this setting is not available, Capture Mode is set to "Slot", i.e. only one slot is
captured.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:IQLength on page 175
Capture Offset
This setting is only available for slave applications in MSRA operating mode. It has a
similar effect as the trigger offset in other measurements: it defines the time offset
between the capture buffer start and the start of the extracted slave application data.
In MSRA mode, the offset must be a positive value, as the capture buffer starts at the
trigger time = 0.
For details on the MSRA operating mode, see the R&S FPS MSRA User Manual.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]MSRA:CAPTure:OFFSet on page 263
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Frame To Analyze
Defines the frame to be analyzed and displayed.
Note: if this setting is not available in UE tests, Capture Mode is set to "Slot", i.e. only
one slot is captured.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:FRAMe[:VALue] on page 196
Capture Time
This setting is read-only and only available if QPSK Modulation Only is enabled in the
"Signal Description" settings.
It indicates the capture time determined by the capture length and sample rate.
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
5.2.7 Application Data (MSRA)
For the 3GPP FDD BTS application in MSRA operating mode, the application data
range is defined by the same settings used to define the signal capturing in Signal and
Spectrum Analyzer mode (see Chapter 5.2.6, "Signal Capture (Data Acquisition)",
on page 77.
In addition, a capture offset can be defined, i.e. an offset from the start of the captured
data to the start of the analysis interval for the 3GPP FDD BTS measurement (see "
Capture Offset " on page 75).
The analysis interval cannot be edited manually, but is determined automatically
according to the selected channel, slot or frame to analyze which is defined for the
evaluation range, depending on the result display. Note that the frame/slot/channel is
analyzed within the application data.
5.2.8 Synchronization (BTS Measurements Only)
Access: "Overview" > "Synchronization" > "Antenna1"/"Antenna2"
or: MEAS CONFIG > "Sync"
For BTS tests, the individual channels in the input signal need to be synchronized to
detect timing offsets in the slot spacings. These settings are described here.
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Synchronization Type....................................................................................................81
Antenna1 / Antenna2.................................................................................................... 81
S-CPICH Antenna Pattern............................................................................................ 82
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
└ CPICH Mode...................................................................................................81
└ S-CPICH Code Nr...........................................................................................82
Synchronization Type
Defines whether the signal is synchronized to the CPICH or the synchronization channel (SCH).
"CPICH"
"SCH"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:STYPe on page 178
Antenna1 / Antenna2
Synchronization is configured for each diversity antenna individually, on separate tabs.
The 3GPP FDD standard defines two different CPICH patterns for diversity antenna 1
and antenna 2. The CPICH pattern used for synchronization can be defined depending
on the antenna (standard configuration), or fixed to either pattern, independently of the
antenna (user-defined configuration).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:ANTenna on page 154
The 3GPP FDD application assumes that the CPICH control channel
is present in the signal and attempts to synchronize to this channel. If
the signal does not contain CPICH, synchronization fails.
The 3GPP FDD application synchronizes to the signal without assuming the presence of a CPICH. This setting is required for measurements on test model 4 without CPICH. While this setting can also be
used with other channel configurations, it should be noted that the
probability of synchronization failure increases with the number of
data channels.
CPICH Mode ← Antenna1 / Antenna2
Defines whether the common pilot channel (CPICH) is defined by its default position or
a user-defined position.
"P-CPICH"
Standard configuration (CPICH is always on channel 0)
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Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
"S-CPICH"
User-defined configuration. Enter the CPICH code number in the S-
CPICH Code Nr field.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:UCPich:ANT<antenna>[:STATe] on page 177
S-CPICH Code Nr ← Antenna1 / Antenna2
If a user-defined CPICH definition is to be used, enter the code of the CPICH based on
the spreading factor 256. Possible values are 0 to 255.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:UCPich:ANT<antenna>:CODE on page 176
S-CPICH Antenna Pattern
Defines the pattern used for evaluation.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:UCPich:ANT<antenna>:PATTern on page 177
5.2.9 Channel Detection
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection"
or: MEAS CONFIG > "Channel Detection"
The channel detection settings determine which channels are found in the input signal.
● General Channel Detection Settings.......................................................................82
● Channel Table Management...................................................................................84
● Channel Table Settings and Functions................................................................... 85
● Channel Details.......................................................................................................86
5.2.9.1 General Channel Detection Settings
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection"
or: MEAS CONFIG > "Channel Detection"
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Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Inactive Channel Threshold (BTS measurements only)................................................83
Using Predefined Channel Tables................................................................................ 83
Comparing the Measurement Signal with the Predefined Channel Table.................... 84
Timing Offset Reference............................................................................................... 84
Inactive Channel Threshold (BTS measurements only)
Defines the minimum power that a single channel must have compared to the total signal in order to be recognized as an active channel.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:ICTReshold on page 181
Using Predefined Channel Tables
Defines the channel search mode.
"Predefined"
Compares the input signal to the predefined channel table selected in
the "Predefined Tables" list
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Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
"Autosearch"
Detects channels automatically using pilot sequences
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle[:STATe] on page 181
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle[:STATe] on page 184
Comparing the Measurement Signal with the Predefined Channel Table
If enabled, the 3GPP FDD application compares the measured signal to the predefined
channel tables. In the result summary, only the differences to the predefined table settings are displayed.
Remote command:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:COMPare on page 180
Timing Offset Reference
Defines the reference for the timing offset of the displayed measured signal.
"Relative to
The measured timing offset is shown in relation to the CPICH.
CPICH"
"Relative to
Predefined
If the predefined table contains timing offsets, the delta between the
defined and measured offsets are displayed in the evaluations.
Table"
Remote command:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:TOFFset on page 180
5.2.9.2 Channel Table Management
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection"
Predefined Tables.........................................................................................................84
Selecting a Table.......................................................................................................... 84
Creating a New Table................................................................................................... 85
Editing a Table.............................................................................................................. 85
Copying a Table............................................................................................................85
Deleting a Table............................................................................................................85
Restoring Default Tables...............................................................................................85
Predefined Tables
The list shows all available channel tables and marks the currently used table with a
checkmark. The currently focussed table is highlighted blue.
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:CATalog? on page 182
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:CATalog? on page 184
Selecting a Table
Selects the channel table currently focused in the "Predefined Tables" list and compares it to the measured signal to detect channels.
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Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:SELect on page 183
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:SELect on page 185
Creating a New Table
Creates a new channel table. See Chapter 5.2.9.4, "Channel Details", on page 86.
For step-by-step instructions on creating a new channel table, see "To define or edit a
channel table" on page 125.
Editing a Table
You can edit existing channel table definitions. The details of the selected channel are
displayed in the "Channel Table" dialog box. See Chapter 5.2.9.4, "Channel Details",
on page 86.
Copying a Table
Copies an existing channel table definition. The details of the selected channel are displayed in the "Channel Table" dialog box. See Chapter 5.2.9.4, "Channel Details",
on page 86.
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:COPY on page 183
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:COPY on page 184
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Deleting a Table
Deletes the currently selected channel table after a message is confirmed.
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DELete on page 183
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:DELete on page 185
Restoring Default Tables
Restores the predefined channel tables delivered with the instrument.
5.2.9.3 Channel Table Settings and Functions
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection" > "New"/"Copy"/"Edit"
or: MEAS CONFIG > "Channel Detection" > "New"/"Copy"/"Edit"
Some general settings and functions are available when configuring a predefined
channel table.
Name.............................................................................................................................86
Comment.......................................................................................................................86
Adding a Channel..........................................................................................................86
Deleting a Channel........................................................................................................86
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Creating a New Channel Table from the Measured Signal (Measure Table)............... 86
Sorting the Table...........................................................................................................86
Cancelling Configuration...............................................................................................86
Saving the Table........................................................................................................... 86
Name
Name of the channel table that will be displayed in the "Predefined Channel Tables"
list.
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:NAME on page 186
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:NAME on page 187
Comment
Optional description of the channel table.
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:COMMent on page 186
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:COMMent on page 187
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Adding a Channel
Inserts a new row in the channel table to define another channel.
Deleting a Channel
Deletes the currently selected channel from the table.
Creating a New Channel Table from the Measured Signal (Measure Table)
Creates a completely new channel table according to the current measurement data.
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:MTABle on page 186
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:MTABle on page 187
Sorting the Table
Sorts the channel table entries.
Cancelling Configuration
Closes the "Channel Table" dialog box without saving the changes.
Saving the Table
Saves the changes to the table and closes the "Channel Table" dialog box.
5.2.9.4 Channel Details
Access: "Overview" > "Channel Detection" > "New"/"Copy"/"Edit"
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or: MEAS CONFIG > "Channel Detection" > "New"/"Copy"/"Edit"
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Channel Type................................................................................................................87
Symbol Rate..................................................................................................................87
Channel Number (Ch. SF)............................................................................................ 87
Use TFCI.......................................................................................................................88
Mapping (UE only)........................................................................................................ 88
Timing Offset.................................................................................................................88
Pilot Bits........................................................................................................................ 88
CDP Relative.................................................................................................................88
State..............................................................................................................................88
Conflict.......................................................................................................................... 89
Channel Type
Type of channel. For a list of possible channel types see Chapter 4.2, "BTS Channel
Types", on page 43.
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 188
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:DATA on page 189
Symbol Rate
Symbol rate at which the channel is transmitted.
Channel Number (Ch. SF)
Number of channel spreading code (0 to [spreading factor-1])
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Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 188
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:DATA on page 189
Use TFCI
Indicates whether the slot format and data rate are determined by the Transport Format Combination Indicator(TFCI).
This function is available in BTS mode only.
Remote command:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 188
Mapping (UE only)
Branch onto which the channel is mapped (I or Q). The setting is not editable, since the
standard specifies the channel assignment for each channel.
Timing Offset
Defines a timing offset in relation to the CPICH channel. During evaluation, the detected timing offset can be compared to this setting; only the delta is displayed (see "Tim-
ing Offset Reference" on page 84).
Remote command:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 188
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Pilot Bits
Number of pilot bits of the channel (only valid for the control channel DPCCH)
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 188
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:DATA on page 189
CDP Relative
Code domain power (relative to the total power of the signal)
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 188
UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:DATA on page 189
State
Indicates the channel state. Codes that are not assigned are marked as inactive channels.
Remote command:
BTS measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:CTABle:DATA on page 188
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UE measurements:
CONFigure:WCDPower:MS:CTABle:DATA on page 189
Conflict
Indicates a code domain conflict between channel definitions (e.g. overlapping channels).
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
5.2.10 Sweep Settings
Access: SWEEP
The sweep settings define how the data is measured.
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont .....................................................................................89
Single Sweep / Run Single ...........................................................................................89
Continue Single Sweep ................................................................................................89
Refresh (MSRA only).................................................................................................... 90
Sweep/Average Count ................................................................................................. 90
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont
After triggering, starts the measurement and repeats it continuously until stopped.
While the measurement is running, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey and the RUN
CONT key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the
highlighted softkey or key again. The results are not deleted until a new measurement
is started.
Note: Sequencer. If the Sequencer is active, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey only
controls the sweep mode for the currently selected channel. However, the sweep mode
only takes effect the next time the Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a
channel-defined sequence. In this case, a channel in continuous sweep mode is swept
repeatedly.
Furthermore, the RUN CONT key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps. RUN
CONT starts the Sequencer in continuous mode.
For details on the Sequencer, see the R&S FPS User Manual.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 217
Single Sweep / Run Single
After triggering, starts the number of sweeps set in "Sweep Count". The measurement
stops after the defined number of sweeps has been performed.
While the measurement is running, the "Single Sweep" softkey and the RUN SINGLE
key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] on page 217
Continue Single Sweep
After triggering, repeats the number of sweeps set in "Sweep Count", without deleting
the trace of the last measurement.
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While the measurement is running, the "Continue Single Sweep" softkey and the RUN
SINGLE key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting
the highlighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONMeas on page 216
Refresh (MSRA only)
This function is only available if the Sequencer is deactivated and only for MSRA slave
applications.
The data in the capture buffer is re-evaluated by the currently active slave application
only. The results for any other slave applications remain unchanged.
This is useful, for example, after evaluation changes have been made or if a new
sweep was performed from another slave application; in this case, only that slave
application is updated automatically after data acquisition.
Note: To update all active slave applications at once, use the "Refresh All" function in
the "Sequencer" menu.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:REFResh on page 262
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Sweep/Average Count
Defines the number of sweep s to be performed in the single sweep mode. Values
from 0 to 200000 are allowed. If the values 0 or 1 are set, one sweep is performed.
The sweep count is applied to all the traces in all diagrams.
If the trace modes "Average" , "Max Hold" or "Min Hold" are set, this value also deter-
mines the number of averaging or maximum search procedures.
In continuous sweep mode, if "Sweep Count" = 0 (default), averaging is performed
over 10 sweep s. For "Sweep Count" =1, no averaging, maxhold or minhold operations
are performed.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt on page 191
[SENSe:]AVERage<n>:COUNt on page 191
5.2.11 Automatic Settings
Access: AUTO SET
Some settings can be adjusted by the R&S FPS automatically according to the current
measurement settings. In order to do so, a measurement is performed. The duration of
this measurement can be defined automatically or manually.
MSRA operating mode
In MSRA operating mode, the following automatic settings are not available, as they
require a new data acquisition. However, 3GPP FDD applications cannot perform data
acquisition in MSRA operating mode.
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Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically ( Auto All )...................................... 91
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level ).............................................91
Autosearch for Scrambling Code.................................................................................. 91
Auto Scale Window.......................................................................................................92
Auto Scale All................................................................................................................92
Restore Scale (Window)............................................................................................... 92
Resetting the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Auto )...................................92
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual ).............................. 92
Upper Level Hysteresis ................................................................................................92
Lower Level Hysteresis ................................................................................................92
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically ( Auto All )
Activates all automatic adjustment functions for the current measurement settings.
This includes:
●
●
●
Note: MSRA operating modes. In MSRA operating mode, this function is only available
for the MSRA Master, not the applications.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:ALL on page 193
Configuration
Code Domain Analysis
Auto Level
"Autosearch for Scrambling Code" on page 62
"Auto Scale All" on page 92
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level )
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at
the R&S FPS for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators are
adjusted so the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and clipping are minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the
R&S FPS.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation
level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease
the reference level in the same way.
You can change the measurement time for the level measurement if necessary (see "
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual )" on page 92).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 195
Autosearch for Scrambling Code
Starts a search on the measured signal for all scrambling codes. The scrambling code
that leads to the highest signal power is chosen as the new scrambling code.
Searching requires that the correct center frequency and level are set. The scrambling
code search can automatically determine the primary scrambling code number. The
secondary scrambling code number is expected as 0. Alternative scrambling codes
can not be detected. Therefore the range for detection is 0x0000 – 0x1FF0h, where the
last digit is always 0.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]CDPower:LCODe:SEARch[:IMMediate]? on page 155
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Auto Scale Window
Automatically determines the optimal range and reference level position to be displayed for the current measurement settings in the currently selected window. No new
measurement is performed.
Auto Scale All
Automatically determines the optimal range and reference level position to be displayed for the current measurement settings in all displayed diagrams. No new measurement is performed.
Restore Scale (Window)
Restores the default scale settings in the currently selected window.
Resetting the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Auto )
Resets the measurement duration for automatic settings to the default value.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure[:LEVel]:DURation:MODE on page 194
Configuration
Time Alignment Error Measurements
Changing the Automatic Measurement Time ( Meastime Manual )
This function allows you to change the measurement duration for automatic setting
adjustments. Enter the value in seconds.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure[:LEVel]:DURation:MODE on page 194
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure[:LEVel]:DURation on page 193
Upper Level Hysteresis
When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function, the
internal attenuators and the preamplifier are also adjusted. To avoid frequent adaptation due to small changes in the input signal, you can define a hysteresis. This setting
defines an upper threshold the signal must exceed (compared to the last measurement) before the reference level is adapted automatically.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:UPPer on page 195
Lower Level Hysteresis
When the reference level is adjusted automatically using the Auto Level function, the
internal attenuators and the preamplifier are also adjusted. To avoid frequent adaptation due to small changes in the input signal, you can define a hysteresis. This setting
defines a lower threshold the signal must fall below (compared to the last measurement) before the reference level is adapted automatically.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:CONFigure:HYSTeresis:LOWer on page 194
5.3 Time Alignment Error Measurements
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement" > "Time Alignment Error"
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Time Alignment Error measurements are only available in the 3GPP FDD BTS application.
Configuration
Time Alignment Error Measurements
5.3.1 Configuration Overview
Access: MEAS CONFIG > "Overview"
For Time Alignment Error measurements, the "Overview" provides quick access to the
following configuration dialog boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):
1. "Select Measurement"
See Chapter 3, "Measurements and Result Display", on page 13
2. "Scrambling Code"
See Chapter 5.2.2.2, "BTS Scrambling Code", on page 61
3. "Input/ Frontend"
See Chapter 5.2.3, "Data Input and Output Settings", on page 64
4. (Optionally:) "Trigger"
See Chapter 5.2.5, "Trigger Settings", on page 72
5. "Signal Capture"
See Chapter 5.2.6, "Signal Capture (Data Acquisition)", on page 77
6. "Synchronization"
See Chapter 5.2.8, "Synchronization (BTS Measurements Only)", on page 80
7. "Carrier Table"
See Chapter 5.3.2, "Carrier Table Configuration", on page 93
8. "Display Configuration"
See Chapter 3.1.2, "Evaluation Methods for Code Domain Analysis", on page 16
and "Evaluation Methods" on page 32
All settings required for Time Alignment Error measurements are identical to those
described for Code Domain Analysis (see Chapter 5.2, "Code Domain Analysis",
on page 57).
For TAE measurement on multiple base stations, however, the carrier table must be
defined.
5.3.2 Carrier Table Configuration
For Time Alignment Error measurements on signals from different base stations, the
number of base stations and the transmit frequency of the base stations can be
defined using a table.
5.3.2.1 Carrier Table Management
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement":"Time Alignment Error" > "Carrier Table"
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Carrier Tables............................................................................................................... 94
Selecting a Table.......................................................................................................... 94
Creating a New Table................................................................................................... 94
Editing a Table.............................................................................................................. 94
Copying a Table............................................................................................................95
Deleting a Table............................................................................................................95
Configuration
Time Alignment Error Measurements
Carrier Tables
The list shows all carrier tables found in the default directory and marks the currently
used table with a checkmark. The currently focussed table is highlighted blue.
The default directory for carrier tables is
C:\R_S\INSTR\USER\chan_tab\carrier_table\.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:CATalog? on page 203
Selecting a Table
Selects the currently highlighted carrier table.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:PRESet on page 205
Creating a New Table
Creates a new carrier table. See Chapter 5.3.2.2, "Carrier Table Settings and Func-
tions", on page 95.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:NEW on page 204
Editing a Table
You can edit existing carrier table definitions. The details of the selected carrier are displayed in the "Carrier table" dialog box. See Chapter 5.3.2.2, "Carrier Table Settings
and Functions", on page 95.
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Copying a Table
Copies an existing carrier table definition. The details of the selected carrier are displayed in the "Carrier table" dialog box. See Chapter 5.3.2.2, "Carrier Table Settings
and Functions", on page 95.
Deleting a Table
Deletes the currently selected carrier table after a message is confirmed.
The default table ("RECENT") cannot be deleted.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:DELete on page 204
Configuration
Time Alignment Error Measurements
5.3.2.2 Carrier Table Settings and Functions
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement":"Time Alignment Error" > "Carrier Table"
> "New"/ "Copy"/ "Edit"
Some general settings and functions are available when configuring a carrier table.
Name.............................................................................................................................95
Comment.......................................................................................................................96
Adding a Carrier............................................................................................................96
Deleting a Carrier..........................................................................................................96
Selecting the Scrambling Code Format........................................................................ 96
Cancelling and Closing Configuration...........................................................................96
Saving the Table........................................................................................................... 96
Name
Name of the carrier table that will be displayed in the "Carrier Tables" list.
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Comment
Optional description of the carrier table.
Adding a Carrier
Inserts a new row in the carrier table to define another carrier. Up to 4 carriers can be
defined.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:CARRier<c>:INSert on page 202
Deleting a Carrier
Deletes the currently selected carrier from the table.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:CARRier<c>:DELete on page 202
Selecting the Scrambling Code Format
The Scrambling Code can be defined in hexadecimal (default) or in decimal format.
Cancelling and Closing Configuration
Closes the "Carrier Table Settings" dialog box without saving the changes.
Configuration
Time Alignment Error Measurements
Saving the Table
Saves the changes to the table and closes the "Carrier Table Settings" dialog box.
The new or edited table is stored in the default directory for carrier tables:
C:\R_S\INSTR\USER\chan_tab\carrier_table\.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:SAVE on page 205
5.3.2.3 Carrier Details
Access: "Overview" > "Select Measurement":"Time Alignment Error" > "Carrier Table"
> "New"/ "Copy"/ "Edit"
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Configuration
Time Alignment Error Measurements
Carrier........................................................................................................................... 97
Frequency Offset...........................................................................................................97
Scrambling Code...........................................................................................................98
Antenna 1: CPICH-Number...........................................................................................98
Antenna 1: CPICH-Pattern............................................................................................98
Antenna 2: CPICH-Number...........................................................................................98
Antenna 2: CPICH-Pattern............................................................................................98
Conflict.......................................................................................................................... 98
Carrier
Consecutive carrier number. The first carrier to be defined is used as the reference
carrier for relative measurement results.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:CARRier:COUNt? on page 202
Frequency Offset
The frequency offset with respect to the reference carrier. (The reference carrier is set
to the current center frequency, thus the offset is always 0.)
By default, an offset of 5 MHz is defined for each newly inserted carrier. The minimum
spacing between two carriers is 2.5 MHz. If this minimum spacing is not maintained, a
Conflict is indicated and the conflicting carriers are indicated below the table.
The maximum positive and negative frequency offset which a carrier can have from the
reference depends on the available analysis bandwidth (see "Carrier frequencies"
on page 54).
If the maximum offsets from the reference are exceeded, a Conflict is indicated and the
carrier that is out of range is indicated below the table.
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Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:CARRier<c>:OFFSet on page 203
Scrambling Code
The scrambling code identifying the base station transmitting the signal. This code can
be defined in hexadecimal (default) or decimal format (see "Selecting the Scrambling
Code Format" on page 96).
The scrambling code for the reference carrier is taken from the Signal Description settings for CDA measurements (see Chapter 5.2.2.2, "BTS Scrambling Code",
on page 61).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:CARRier<c>:SCODe on page 203
Antenna 1: CPICH-Number
The CPICH number used for synchronization
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:CARRier<c>:ANTenna<antenna>:CPICh on page 201
Configuration
Time Alignment Error Measurements
Antenna 1: CPICH-Pattern
The CPICH pattern used for synchronization
If "NONE" is selected, this antenna is considered to be unused. The time alignment
error of this antenna is not measured and its status does not enter into the overall status for the overall signal.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:CARRier<c>:ANTenna<antenna>:PATTern on page 201
Antenna 2: CPICH-Number
The CPICH number used for synchronization
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:CARRier<c>:ANTenna<antenna>:CPICh on page 201
Antenna 2: CPICH-Pattern
The CPICH pattern used for synchronization
If "NONE" is selected, this antenna is considered to be unused. The time alignment
error of this antenna is not measured and its status does not enter into the overall status for the overall signal.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]TAERror:CARRier<c>:ANTenna<antenna>:PATTern on page 201
Conflict
Indicates a conflict between carriers, such as overlapping frequencies or frequencies
outside the allowed range (see "Frequency Offset" on page 97). The detailed conflict
message is displayed beneath the carrier table.
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Configuration
RF Measurements
5.4 RF Measurements
3GPP FDD measurements require a special application on the R&S FPS, which you
activate using the MODE key.
When you activate a 3GPP FDD application, Code Domain Analysis of the input signal
is started automatically. However, the 3GPP FDD applications also provide various RF
measurement types.
Selecting the measurement type
► To select an RF measurement type, do one of the following:
● Select the "Overview" softkey. In the "Overview", select the "Select Measure-
ment" button. Select the required measurement.
● Press the MEAS key. In the "Select Measurement" dialog box, select the
required measurement.
Some parameters are set automatically according to the 3GPP standard the first time a
measurement is selected (since the last PRESET operation). A list of these parameters
is given with each measurement type. The parameters can be changed, but are not
reset automatically the next time you re-enter the measurement.
The main measurement configuration menus for the RF measurements are identical to
the Spectrum application.
For details refer to "General Measurement Configuration" in the R&S FPS User Manual.
The measurement-specific settings for the following measurements are available in the
"Analysis" dialog box (via the "Overview").
● Channel Power (ACLR) Measurements..................................................................99
● Occupied Bandwidth............................................................................................. 100
● Output Power Measurements............................................................................... 101
● Spectrum Emission Mask......................................................................................101
● RF Combi..............................................................................................................102
● CCDF.................................................................................................................... 102
5.4.1 Channel Power (ACLR) Measurements
Channel Power ACLR measurements are performed as in the Spectrum application
with the following predefined settings according to 3GPP specifications (adjacent channel leakage ratio).
Table 5-1: Predefined settings for 3GPP FDD ACLR Channel Power measurements
Standard (BTS measurements only): "Normal" base station
Number of adjacent channels 2
For further details about the ACLR measurements refer to "Measuring Channel Power
and Adjacent-Channel Power" in the R&S FPS User Manual.
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To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on
exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
●
●
●
●
●
The main measurement menus for the RF measurements are identical to the Spectrum
application. However, for SEM and ACLR measurements in BTS measurements, an
additional softkey is available to select the required standard.
BTS Standard
Switches between Normal mode and Home BS (Home Base Station) mode. Switching
this parameter changes the limits according to the specifications.
Remote command:
CONFigure:WCDPower[:BTS]:STD on page 206
Configuration
RF Measurements
Reference level and reference level offset
RBW, VBW
Sweep time
Span
Number of adjacent channels
Fast ACLR mode
5.4.2 Occupied Bandwidth
The Occupied Bandwidth measurement determines the bandwidth that the signal occupies. The occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth in which – in default settings
- 99 % of the total signal power is to be found. The percentage of the signal power to
be included in the bandwidth measurement can be changed.
The Occupied Bandwidth measurement is performed as in the Spectrum application
with default settings.
Table 5-2: Predefined settings for 3GPP FDD OBW measurements
Setting Default value
% Power Bandwidth 99 %
Channel bandwidth 3.84 MHz
For further details about the Occupied Bandwidth measurements refer to "Measuring
the Occupied Bandwidth" in the R&S FPS User Manual.
To restore adapted measurement parameters, the following parameters are saved on
exiting and are restored on re-entering this measurement:
●
Reference level and reference level offset
●
RBW, VBW
●
Sweep time
●
Span
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