Page 1
R&S®FPS-K40
Phase Noise Measurements
User Manual
(;Úã02)
1176850002
Version 03
Page 2
This manual applies to the following R&S®FPS models with firmware version 1.70 and higher:
●
R&S®FPS4 (1319.2008K04)
●
R&S®FPS7 (1319.2008K07)
●
R&S®FPS13 (1319.2008K13)
●
R&S®FPS30 (1319.2008K30)
●
R&S®FPS40 (1319.2008K40)
The following firmware options are described:
●
R&S FPS-K40 (1321.4110.02)
© 2021 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1176.8500.02 | Version 03 | R&S®FPS-K40
The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®FPS is abbreviated as R&S FPS.
Page 3
R&S®FPS-K40
1.1 Typographical Conventions......................................................................................... 5
2.1 Starting the Application................................................................................................6
2.2 Understanding the Display Information......................................................................7
4.1 Spurs and Spur Removal........................................................................................... 19
4.2 Residual Effects.......................................................................................................... 20
4.3 Measurement Range................................................................................................... 21
Contents
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................... 5
2 Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement Application................... 6
3 Measurements and Result Displays...................................................11
4 Measurement Basics........................................................................... 19
4.4 Sweep Modes.............................................................................................................. 22
4.5 Trace Averaging.......................................................................................................... 22
4.6 Frequency Determination...........................................................................................24
4.7 Level Determination....................................................................................................27
4.8 Signal Attenuation...................................................................................................... 27
4.9 Using Limit Lines........................................................................................................ 28
4.10 Analyzing Several Traces - Trace Mode....................................................................30
4.11 Using Markers............................................................................................................. 32
5 Configuration........................................................................................33
5.1 Configuration Overview..............................................................................................33
5.2 Default Settings for Phase Noise Measurements.................................................... 35
5.3 Configuring the Frontend...........................................................................................35
5.4 Controlling the Measurement.................................................................................... 37
5.5 Configuring the Measurement Range....................................................................... 40
5.6 Performing Measurements.........................................................................................43
5.7 Configuring In- and Outputs...................................................................................... 45
5.8 Automatic Measurement Configuration....................................................................45
6 Analysis................................................................................................ 47
6.1 Configuring Graphical Result Displays.................................................................... 47
6.2 Configure Numerical Result Displays....................................................................... 54
3User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 4
R&S®FPS-K40
6.3 Using Limit Lines........................................................................................................ 56
6.4 Using Markers............................................................................................................. 63
7.1 Performing a Basic Phase Noise Measurement.......................................................66
7.2 Customizing the Measurement Range...................................................................... 66
8.1 Common Suffixes........................................................................................................68
8.2 Introduction................................................................................................................. 69
8.3 Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel...............................................74
8.4 Performing Measurements.........................................................................................77
8.5 Configuring the Result Display..................................................................................82
8.6 Configuring the Frontend...........................................................................................89
Contents
7 How to Configure Phase Noise Measurements.................................66
8 Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements......... 68
8.7 Controlling the Measurement.................................................................................... 91
8.8 Configuring the Measurement Range....................................................................... 94
8.9 Using Limit Lines...................................................................................................... 100
8.10 Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results............................................................. 111
8.11 Configure Numerical Result Displays.....................................................................123
8.12 Using Markers........................................................................................................... 137
8.13 Configuring In- and Outputs.................................................................................... 143
8.14 Automatic Measurement Configuration..................................................................145
8.15 Using the Status Register........................................................................................ 146
8.16 Remote Control Example Scripts............................................................................ 152
List of Remote Commands (Phase Noise).......................................158
Index....................................................................................................163
4User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 5
R&S®FPS-K40
1 Preface
1.1 Typographical Conventions
Preface
Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
5User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 6
R&S®FPS-K40
2 Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement
Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement Application
Starting the Application
Application
The R&S FPS-K40 is a firmware application that adds functionality to measure the
phase noise characteristics of a device under test with the R&S FPS signal analyzer.
This user manual contains a description of the functionality that the application provides, including remote control operation.
Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum application and are described in the R&S FPS User Manual. The latest versions of the manuals are available for download at the product homepage.
http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/FPS.html.
Installation
Find detailed installing instructions in the Getting Started or the release notes of the
R&S FPS.
● Starting the Application............................................................................................. 6
● Understanding the Display Information.....................................................................7
2.1 Starting the Application
The phase noise measurement application adds a new type of measurement to the
R&S FPS.
Manual operation via an external monitor and mouse
Although the R&S FPS does not have a built-in display, it is possible to operate it interactively in manual mode using a graphical user interface with an external monitor and
a mouse connected.
It is recommended that you use the manual mode initially to get familiar with the instrument and its functions before using it in pure remote mode. Thus, this document
describes in detail how to operate the instrument manually using an external monitor
and mouse. The remote commands are described in the second part of the document.
For details on manual operation see the R&S FPS Getting Started manual.
To activate the Phase Noise application
1. Select the [MODE] key.
A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently
available on your R&S FPS.
2. Select the "Phase Noise" item.
6User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 7
R&S®FPS-K40
Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement Application
Understanding the Display Information
The R&S FPS opens a new measurement channel for the Phase Noise application.
All settings specific to phase noise measurements are in their default state.
Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function
When you enter an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application.
The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the available memory on the instrument.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
If activated, the measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs. The currently active measurement is
indicated by a
are updated in the tabs (as well as the "MultiView") as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab.
For details on the Sequencer function see the R&S FPS User Manual.
symbol in the tab label. The result displays of the individual channels
2.2 Understanding the Display Information
The following figure shows the display as it looks for phase noise measurements. All
different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following sections.
7User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 8
R&S®FPS-K40
Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement Application
Understanding the Display Information
Figure 2-1: Screen layout of the phase noise measurement application
2 = Channel bar
3 = Diagram header
4 = Result display
5 = Softkey bar
6 = Measurement status
7 = Status bar
For a description of the elements not described below, please refer to the Getting Started of the R&S FPS.
Measurement status
The application shows the progress of the measurement in a series of green bars at
the bottom of the diagram area. For each half decade in the measurement, the application adds a bar that spans the frequency range of the corresponding half decade.
The bar has several features.
●
The numbers within the green bar show the progress of the measurement(s) in the
half decade the application currently works on.
The first number is the current, the second number the total count of measurements for that half decade. The last number is the time the measurement requires.
●
A double-click on the bar opens an input field to define the number of averages for
that half decade.
●
A right-click on the bar opens a context menu.
8User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 9
R&S®FPS-K40
Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement Application
Understanding the Display Information
The context menu provides easy access to various parameters (resolution bandwidth, sweep mode etc.) that define the measurement characteristics for a half
decade. The values in parentheses are the currently selected values. For more
information on the available parameters see "Half Decades Configuration Table"
on page 43.
Channel bar information
The channel bar contains information about the current measurement setup, progress
and results.
Figure 2-2: Channel bar of the phase noise application
Frequency Frequency the R&S FPS has been tuned to.
The frontend frequency is the expected frequency of the carrier. When frequency tracking or verification is on, the application might adjust the frontend
frequency.
Ref Level & Att Reference level (first value) and attenuation (second value) of the R&S FPS.
When level tracking or verification is on, the application might adjust the frontend level.
Measurement Complete phase noise measurement range. For more information see Chap-
ter 4.3, "Measurement Range", on page 21.
Measured Level DUT level that has been actually measured.
The measured level might differ from the frontend level, e.g. if you are using
level verification.
Initial Delta Difference between the nominal level and the first level that has been mea-
sured.
Drift Difference between the 1st level that has been measured and the level that
has been measured last.
In continuous sweep mode, the drift is the difference between the 1st level that
has been measured in the 1st sweep and the level that has been measured
last.
Measured Frequency DUT frequency that has been actually measured.
The measured frequency might differ from the frontend frequency, e.g. if you
are using level verification.
Initial Delta Difference between the nominal frequency and the first frequency that has
been measured.
Drift Difference between the 1st frequency that has been measured and the fre-
quency that has been measured last.
In continuous sweep mode, the drift is the difference between the 1st fre-
quency that has been measured in the 1st sweep and the frequency that has
been measured last.
SGL [#/#] Sweep mode (single or continuous). If you use trace averaging, it also shows
the current measurement number out of the total number of measurements.
The following two figures show the relations between the frequency and level errors.
9User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 10
R&S®FPS-K40
Welcome to the Phase Noise Measurement Application
f
f
meas_3
front
Figure 2-3: Frequency errors
f
= initial frequency set on the frontend
front
f
= actual frequency that has been measured
meas_x
f
meas_2
Understanding the Display Information
initial
offset
frequency
drift
f
meas_1
f
meas_4
f
P
P
meas_2
P
front
P
meas_1
P
meas_3
initial
offset
level drift
Figure 2-4: Level errors
P
= reference level if tracking = off
front
P
= initial reference level if tracking = on
front
P
= becomes reference level after first sweep if tracking = on
meas_1
P
= becomes reference level after second sweep if tracking = on
meas_2
P
= becomes reference level after third sweep if tracking = on
meas_3
Window title bar information
For each diagram, the header provides the following information:
Figure 2-5: Window title bar information of the phase noise application
1 = Window number
2 = Window type
3 = Trace color and number
4 = Trace mode
5 = Smoothing state and degree
Status bar information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in
the status bar beneath the diagram. Furthermore, the progress of the current operation
is displayed in the status bar.
10User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 11
R&S®FPS-K40
3 Measurements and Result Displays
Measurements and Result Displays
Access:
The Phase Noise application measures the phase noise of a single sideband of a carrier.
It features several result displays. Result displays are different representations of the
measurement results. They may be diagrams that show the results in a graphic way or
tables that show the results in a numeric way.
In the default state of the application, only the graphical display of phase noise results
is active.
Phase Noise Diagram....................................................................................................11
Residual Noise..............................................................................................................12
Spot Noise.....................................................................................................................13
Spur List........................................................................................................................14
Sweep Result List......................................................................................................... 15
Spectrum Monitor..........................................................................................................16
Frequency Drift..............................................................................................................17
Frequency and Level Stability.......................................................................................17
Reference Measurement...............................................................................................18
Phase Noise Diagram
The phase noise diagram shows the power level of the phase noise over a variable frequency offset from the carrier frequency.
Measurement range
The unit of both axes in the diagram is fix. The x-axis always shows the offset frequencies in relation to the carrier frequency on a logarithmic scale in Hz. It always has a
logarithmic scale to make sure of an equal representation of offsets near and far away
from the carrier. The range of offsets that the x-axis shows is variable and depends on
the measurement range you have defined and the scope of the x-axis that you have
set.
For more information on the measurement range see Chapter 4.3, "Measurement
Range", on page 21.
If the measurement range you have set is necessary, but you need a better resolution
of the results, you can limit the displayed result by changing the x-axis scope. The
scope works like a zoom to get a better view of the trace at various points. It does not
start a new measurement or alter the current measurements results in any way.
The y-axis always shows the phase noise power level contained in a 1 Hz bandwidth in
relation to the level of the carrier. The unit for this information is dBc/Hz and is also fix.
Y-axis scale
The scale of the y-axis is variable. Usually it is best to use the automatic scaling that
the application provides, because it makes sure that the whole trace is always visible.
You can, however, also customize the range, the minimum and the maximum values
on the y-axis by changing the y-axis scale.
11User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 12
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurements and Result Displays
The measurement results are displayed as traces in the diagram area. Up to six active
traces at any time are possible. Each of those may have a different setup and thus
show different aspects of the measurement results.
In the default state, the application shows two traces. A yellow one and a blue one.
Both result from the same measurement data, but have been evaluated differently. On
the first trace, smoothing has been applied, the second one shows the raw data.
For more information on trace smoothing see Chapter 4.5, "Trace Averaging",
on page 22.
Figure 3-1: Overview of the phase noise result display
The figure above shows a phase noise curve with typical characteristics. Frequency
offsets near the carrier usually have higher phase noise levels than those further away
from the carrier. The curve has a falling slope until the thermal noise of the DUT has
been reached. From this point on, it is more or less a straight horizontal line.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 123
Residual Noise
The residual noise display summarizes the residual noise results in a table.
For more information on the residual noise results see Chapter 4.2, "Residual Effects",
on page 20.
The table consists of up to four rows with each row representing a different integration
interval. Each row basically contains the same information with the exception that the
first row always shows the results for the first trace and the other rows with custom
integration ranges the results for any one trace.
The residual noise information is made up out of several values.
12User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 13
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurements and Result Displays
Type Shows the number of the trace that is integrated (T[x]).
Start / Stop Offset Shows the start and stop offset of the integration interval.
Int. PHN Shows the Integrated Phase Noise.
The integral is calculated over the frequency range defined by the Start and Stop
Offset values.
PM Shows the Residual PM result in degrees and rad.
FM Shows the Residual FM results in Hz.
Jitter Shows the Jitter in seconds.
For more information on residual noise see Chapter 4.2, "Residual Effects",
on page 20.
Remote command:
Querying Residual PM:
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RPM? on page 128
Querying Residual FM:
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RFM? on page 128
Querying Jitter:
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RMS? on page 128
Querying Integrated Phase Noise
Querying user ranges:
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RFM? on page 128
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RMS? on page 128
FETCh:PNOise<t>:USER<range>:RPM? on page 128
Spot Noise
Spot noise is the phase noise at a particular frequency offset (or spot) that is part of the
measurement range. It is thus like a fixed marker.
The unit of spot noise results is dBc/Hz. The application shows the results in a table.
The table consists of a variable number of 10x frequencies (depending on the measurement range), and a maximum of five user frequencies, with each row containing
the spot noise information for a particular frequency offset.
The spot noise information is made up out of several variables.
13User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 14
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurements and Result Displays
Type Shows where the spot noise offset frequency comes from. By default, the applica-
tion evaluates the spot noise for the first offset frequency of a decade only (10x Hz,
beginning at 1 kHz). However, you can add up to five customized offsets frequencies that you want to know the phase noise for. If you want to use more custom
offsets, you can add another spot noise table.
The "User" label indicates a custom offset frequency.
Offset Frequency Shows the offset frequency the spot noise is evaluated for. You may add any offset
that is part of the measurement range.
The number in brackets (T<x>) indicates the trace the result refers to.
Phase Noise Shows the phase noise for the corresponding offset frequency.
The number in brackets (T<x>) indicates the trace the result refers to.
Note that the spot noise results are calculated for a particular trace only. You can select
the trace by tapping on the trace LED in the header of the result display.
Remote command:
Querying spot noise results on 10x offset frequencies:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades:X on page 130
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades:Y on page 130
Querying custom spot noise results:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:Y on page 131
Trace selection: DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:SELect on page 132
Spur List
Spurs are peak levels at one or more offset frequencies and are caused mostly by
interfering signals. The application shows the location of all detected spurs in a table.
The table consists of a variable number of rows. For each detected spur, the table
shows several results.
Number Shows the spur number. Spurs are sorted by their frequency, beginning with
the spur with the lowest frequency.
Offset Frequency Shows the position (offset frequency) of the spur.
14User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 15
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurements and Result Displays
Power Shows the power level of the spur in dBc.
Jitter Shows the jitter value of the spur in s.
In addition to the jitter for each spur, the result display also shows the Discrete Jitter and the Random Jitter at the end of the table.
●
The Discrete Jitter is the RMS value of all individual jitter values.
●
The Random Jitter is the difference of the overall jitter (as shown in the
Residual Noise result display) and the Discrete Jitter.
The result is an RMS value: RandomJitter2 = Jitter2 - DiscreteJitter
For more information see Chapter 4.1, "Spurs and Spur Removal", on page 19.
Remote command:
FETCh:PNOise<t>:SPURs? on page 132
FETCh:PNOise<t>:SPURs:DISCrete? on page 133
FETCh:PNOise<t>:SPURs:RANDom? on page 133
Sweep Result List
The sweep result list summarizes the results of the phase noise measurement.
2
The table consists of several rows with each row representing a half decade. The number of rows depends on the number of half decades analyzed during the measurement.
The sweep results are made up out of several values.
●
Results in a red font indicate that the frequency drift is so large that the frequency
has drifted into the range of a higher half decade. The result is therefore invalid.
●
Results in a green font indicate the half decade that is currently measured.
Start / Stop Shows the start and stop offset of the half decade.
Sampling Rate Shows the sample rate used in the corresponding half decade.
AVG Shows the number of measurements performed in the half decade to calculate the
average (final) result.
Freq Drift Shows the difference to the initial (nominal) frequency that was measured in the
half decade.
If you perform more than one measurement (averages) in the half decade, the
value is updated for each single measurement. The last value that has been measured in the half decade will remain in the table.
15User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 16
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurements and Result Displays
Max Drift Shows the highest difference to the initial (nominal) frequency that was measured
in the half decade.
Level Drift Shows the difference to the initial (nominal) level that was measured in the half
decade.
If you perform more than one measurement (averages) in the half decade, the
value is updated for each single measurement. The last value that has been measured in the half decade will remain in the table.
Remote command:
Start offset: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:STARt? on page 136
Stop offset: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:STOP? on page 137
Sample rate: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:SRATe? on page 136
Averages: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:AVG? on page 134
Frequency drift:FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:FDRift? on page 135
Max drift: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:MDRift? on page 135
Level drift: FETCh:PNOise<t>:SWEep:LDRift? on page 135
Spectrum Monitor
The spectrum monitor shows the spectrum for the half decade that is currently measured.
Span
The span on the x-axis is defined by the start and stop frequency of the half decade
that is currently measured.
Y-axis scale
The scale of the y-axis is automatically determined according to the signal characteristics.
In I/Q mode, the result display contains two traces.
●
The yellow trace ("raw trace") represents the live signal with the actual center frequency currently measured.
16User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 17
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurements and Result Displays
●
The blue trace ("track trace") equalizes frequency drifting signals and thus shows a
stable version of the signal with the intended center frequency.
If necessary, you can turn the traces on and off. For more information see "Spectrum
Monitor: Raw Trace / Trk Trace (On Off)" on page 51.
The green vertical lines indicate the phase noise offset to be measured on in relation to
the displayed center frequency. The position of the two green lines depends on the half
decade that is currently measured and the sample rate you have selected.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>[:DATA] on page 123
Frequency Drift
The frequency drift shows the instantaneous frequency over time for the half decade
that is currently measured.
Time span
The displayed time span on the x-axis is defined by the time it takes to perform a measurement in the half decade that is currently measured. If the measurement time for a
particular half decade is very long (several seconds), the application probably updates
the result display several times. In that case, the application splits the measurement
into several "sub-measurements".
Y-axis scale
The scale of the y-axis is automatically determined according to the sample rate. For a
better resolution, the trace is offset by the first measured frequency value. Thus, the
trace always starts at 0 Hz. The initial correction value is displayed in the diagram as a
numeric result.
To get a better resolution of the time axis, use the zoom function.
Frequency and Level Stability
The stability results show the current level and frequency drift characteristics of the
carrier signal compared to the initial frequency and level. In addition to the numerical
results, the result display also contains a graphical representation of the drift characteristics.
17User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 18
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurements and Result Displays
The result display contains the following results.
●
Carrier Stability
Difference between the 1st frequency that has been measured and the frequency
that has been measured last.
●
Δ to Ref Level
Difference between the 1st level that has been measured and the level that has
been measured last.
The results correspond to the Level Drift and Frequency Drift results displayed in the
channel bar. For more information see "Channel bar information" on page 9
Note that the results are only valid for I/Q FFT measurements (see "Global Sweep
Mode" on page 42).
Reference Measurement
The reference measurement measures the inherent noise figure (DANL) of the
R&S FPS.
To determine the inherent noise, you must remove the signal from the input. The application then performs a measurement without the signal. The resulting trace shows the
inherent noise of the R&S FPS only. When you subtract that inherent noise from the
phase noise of the measurement with trace mathematics, you get a trace that shows
the phase noise of the DUT only.
Remote command:
CONFigure:REFMeas on page 78
18User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 19
R&S®FPS-K40
4 Measurement Basics
Measurement Basics
Spurs and Spur Removal
The measurement basics contain background information on the terminology and principles of phase noise measurements.
Phase noise measurements in general determine the single sideband phase noise
characteristics of a device under test (DUT).
● Spurs and Spur Removal........................................................................................19
● Residual Effects...................................................................................................... 20
● Measurement Range...............................................................................................21
● Sweep Modes......................................................................................................... 22
● Trace Averaging......................................................................................................22
● Frequency Determination........................................................................................24
● Level Determination................................................................................................ 27
● Signal Attenuation...................................................................................................27
● Using Limit Lines.....................................................................................................28
● Analyzing Several Traces - Trace Mode................................................................. 30
● Using Markers.........................................................................................................32
4.1 Spurs and Spur Removal
Most phase noise results contain unwanted spurs. Spurs are peak levels at one or
more offset frequencies and are caused mostly by interfering signals. For some applications, you might want to identify the location of spurs. For other applications, spurs
do not matter in evaluating the results and you might want to remove them from the
trace to get a "smooth" phase noise trace.
Spur display
Usually, spurs are visible on the trace as a peak. In addition, the R&S FPS draws a
straight, vertical line to represent the position of a spur visually. The length of these
lines indicates the level of the spur in dBc and refers to the scale on the right side of
the phase noise diagram.
The lines indicating a spur are not part of the trace data. When you export the trace, for
example, the spur data is not exported.
Spur suppression
The application allows you to (visually) remove spurs from the trace. Spur removal is
based on an algorithm that detects and completely removes the spurs from the trace
and fills the gaps with data that has been determined mathematically.
The spur removal functionality separates the actual spur power from the underlying
phase noise and displays the latter in a two-stage process. The first stage of spur
detection is based on an eigenvalue decomposition during the signal processing.
19User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 20
R&S®FPS-K40
[dBc/Hz] noise phase sideband single with
PM Residual
)(
)(2
fL
raddffL
stop
start
f
f
mm
Measurement Basics
Residual Effects
Spur threshold
During the second stage, the application uses statistical methods to remove a spur. A
spur is detected, if the level of the signal is above a certain threshold. The spur threshold is relative to an imaginary median trace that the application calculates.
If parts of the signal are identified as spurs, the application removes all signal parts
above that level and substitutes them with the median trace.
Figure 4-1: Spur detection and removal principle
4.2 Residual Effects
Residual noise effects are modulation products that originate directly from the phase
noise. It is possible to deduct them mathematically from the phase noise of a DUT.
The application calculates three residual noise effects. All calculations are based on an
integration of the phase noise over a particular offset frequency range.
Residual PM
The residual phase modulation is the contribution of the phase noise to the output of a
PM demodulator. It is evaluated over the frequency range you have defined.
20User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 21
R&S®FPS-K40
[Hz]frequency
[dBc/Hz] noise phase sideband single with
FM Residual
m
m
f
f
mmm
f
fL
HzdffLf
stop
start
)(
)(2
2
frequency Carrier with
[rad]ResidualPM
Jitter[s]
0
0
2ff
Measurement Basics
Measurement Range
Residual FM
The residual frequency modulation is the contribution of the phase noise to the output
of an FM demodulator. It is evaluated over the frequency range you have defined.
Jitter
The jitter is the RMS temporal fluctuation of a carrier with the given phase noise evaluated over a given frequency range of interest.
Figure 4-2: Residual noise based on an integration between 10 kHz and 100 kHz offset
4.3 Measurement Range
Noise measurements determine the noise characteristics of a DUT over a particular
measurement range. This measurement range is defined by two offset frequencies.
The frequency offsets themselves are relative to the nominal frequency of the DUT.
21User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 22
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurement Basics
Trace Averaging
The measurement range again is divided into several (logarithmic) decades, or, for
configuration purposes, into half decades.
Figure 4-3: Measurement range and half decades
This breakdown into several half decades is made to speed up measurements. You
can configure each half decade separately in the "Half Decade Configuration Table".
For quick, standardized measurements, the application provides several predefined
sweep types or allows you to configure each half decade manually, but globally.
The main issue in this context is the resolution bandwidth (RBW) and its effect on the
measurement time. In general, it is best to use a resolution bandwidth as small as possible for the most accurate measurement results. However, accuracy comes at the
price of measurement speed.
To avoid long measurement times, the application provides only a certain range of
RBWs that are available for each half decade.
4.4 Sweep Modes
Sweep modes define the data processing method.
Swept
The application performs a sweep of the frequency spectrum.
I/Q FFT
The application evaluates the I/Q data that has been collected and calculates the trace
based on that data.
4.5 Trace Averaging
The application provides several methods of trace averaging that you can use separately or in any combination.
The order in which averaging is performed is as follows.
22User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 23
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurement Basics
Trace Averaging
1. Half decade averaging.
The application measures each half decade a particular number of times before
measuring the next one.
2. Cross-correlation
The application performs a certain number of cross-correlation operations in each
half decade.
3. Sweep count.
The application measures the complete measurement range a particular number of
times.
It again includes half decade averaging as defined.
After the measurement over the sweep count is finished, the application displays
the averaged results.
4. Trace smoothing.
Calculates the moving average for the current trace.
4.5.1 Half Decade Averaging
Define the number of measurements that the application performs for each half decade
before it displays the averaged results and measures the next half decade.
In combination with the RBW, this is the main factor that affects the measurement time.
Usually, a small number of averages is sufficient for small RBWs, because small RBWs
already provide accurate results, and a high number of averages for high RBWs to get
more balanced results.
4.5.2 Sweep Count
The sweep count defines the number of sweeps that the application performs during a
complete measurements.
A sweep in this context is the measurement over the complete measurement range
once. A complete measurement, however, can consist of more than one sweep. In that
case, the application measures until the number of sweeps that have been defined are
done. The measurement configuration stays the same all the time.
In combination with the average trace mode and half decade averaging, the sweep
count averages the trace even more.
4.5.3 Trace Smoothing
(Software-based) smoothing is a way to remove anomalies visually in the trace that
can distort the results. The smoothing process is based on a moving average over the
complete measurement range. The number of samples included in the averaging process (the aperture size) is variable and is a percentage of all samples that the trace consists of.
23User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 24
R&S®FPS-K40
2
1
2
1
1
'
n
sx
n
sx
xy
n
sy
2
1
2
1
10
10
10
1
log10'
n
sx
n
sx
xy
n
sy
Measurement Basics
Frequency Determination
Figure 4-4: Sample size included in trace smoothing
The application smoothes the trace only after the measurement has been finished and
the data has been analyzed and written to a trace. Thus, smoothing is just an enhancement of the trace display, not of the data itself. This also means that smoothing is
always applied after any other trace averagings have been done, as these happen during the measurement itself.
You can turn trace smoothing on and off for all traces individually and compare, for
example, the raw and the smooth trace.
Linear smoothing is based on the following algorithm:
Equation 4-1: Linear trace smoothing
Logarithmic smoothing is based on the following algorithm:
Equation 4-2: Logarithmic trace smoothing
y(s) = logarithmic phase noise level
4.6 Frequency Determination
Nominal frequency
The nominal frequency is the output or center frequency of the DUT. To get correct and
valid measurement results, the application needs to know the real frequency of the
DUT.
24User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 25
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurement Basics
Frequency Determination
Unverified signals
The R&S FPS tries to start the measurement as soon as you enter the phase noise
application. If it cannot verify a signal, it will try to start the measurement over and over.
To stop the repeated (and probably unsuccessful) signal verification, stop the measurement on the first verification failure.
The available (nominal) frequency range depends on the hardware you are using. For
more information see the datasheet of the R&S FPS.
If you are not sure about the nominal frequency, define a tolerance range to verify the
frequency. For measurements on unstable or drifting DUTs, use the frequency tracking
functionality.
Frequency verification
When you are using frequency verification, the application initiates a measurement that
verifies that the frequency of the DUT is within a certain range of the nominal frequency. This measurement takes place before the actual phase noise measurement.
Its purpose is to find strong signals within a frequency tolerance range and, if successful, to adjust the nominal frequency and lock onto that new frequency. The frequency
tolerance is variable. You can define it in absolute or relative terms.
Figure 4-5: Frequency and level tolerance
You can define both absolute and relative tolerances. In that case, the application uses
the higher tolerance to determine the frequency.
If there is no signal within the tolerance range, the application aborts the phase noise
measurement.
In the numerical results, the application always shows the frequency the measurement
was actually performed on. If the measured frequency is not the same as the nominal
frequency, the numerical results also show the deviation from the nominal frequency.
25User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 26
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurement Basics
Frequency Determination
Frequency tracking
When you are using the frequency tracking, the application tracks drifting frequencies
of unstable DUTs. It internally adjusts and keeps a lock on the nominal frequency of the
DUT.
Figure 4-6: Frequency and level tracking
Tracking bandwidth
The tracking bandwidth defines the bandwidth within which the application tracks the
frequency.
Normally, the application adjusts the sample rate to the half decade it is currently measuring. For half decades that are near the carrier, the sample rate is small. Half decades far from the carrier use a higher sample rate. However, in case of drifting signals,
this method may result in data loss because the default bandwidth for a half decade
might be too small for the actual drift in the frequency. In that case, you can define the
tracking bandwidth which increases the sample rate if necessary and thus increases
the chance to capture the signal.
Figure 4-7: Frequency tracking with tracking bandwidth turned off (left) and a tracking bandwidth of
100 Hz (right)
26User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 27
R&S®FPS-K40
4.7 Level Determination
Measurement Basics
Signal Attenuation
Nominal level
The nominal level in other terms is the reference level of the R&S FPS. This is the level
that the analyzer expects at the RF input.
The available level range depends on the hardware. For more information see the
datasheet of the R&S FPS.
Make sure to define a level that is as close to the level of the DUT to get the best
dynamic range for the measurement. At the same time make sure that the signal level
is not higher than the reference level to avoid an overload of the A/D converter and
thus deteriorating measurement results.
If you are not sure about the power level of the DUT, but would still like to use the best
dynamic range and get results that are as accurate as possible, you can verify or track
the level.
Level verification
When you are using the level verification, the application initiates a measurement that
determines the level of the DUT. If the level of the DUT is within a certain tolerance
range, it will adjust the nominal level to that of the DUT. Else, it will abort the phase
noise measurement.
Define a level tolerance in relation to the current nominal level. The tolerance range
works for DUT levels that are above or below the current nominal level.
Level tracking
For tests on DUTs whose level varies, use level tracking. If active, the application
keeps track of the DUTs level during the phase noise measurement and adjusts the
nominal level accordingly.
For a graphical representation of level verification and level tracking see the figures in
Chapter 4.6, "Frequency Determination", on page 24.
4.8 Signal Attenuation
Attenuation of the signal may become necessary if you have to reduce the power of
the signal that you have applied. Power reduction is necessary, for example, to prevent
an overload of the input mixer. An overload of the input mixer may lead to incorrect
measurement results or damage to the hardware if the signal power is too strong.
In the default state, the application automatically determines the attenuation according
to the reference level. If necessary, you can also define the attenuation manually.
When you attenuate the signal, the application adjusts graphical and numerical results
accordingly.
27User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 28
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurement Basics
Using Limit Lines
Because the reference level and attenuation are interdependent, changing the attenuation manually may also adjust the reference level.
RF attenuation
RF attenuation is always available. It is a combination of mechanical and IF attenuation.
The mechanical attenuator is located directly after the RF input of the R&S FPS. Its
step size is 5 dB. IF attenuation is applied after the signal has been down-converted.
Its step size is 1 dB.
Thus, the step size for RF attenuation as a whole is 1 dB. Mechanical attenuation is
used whenever possible (attenuation levels that are divisible by 5). IF attenuation handles the 1 dB steps only.
Example:
If you set an attenuation level of 18 dB, 15 dB are mechanical attenuation and 3 dB are
IF attenuation.
If you set an attenuation level of 6 dB, 5 dB are mechanical attenuation and 1 dB is IF
attenuation.
Electronic attenuation
Electronic attenuation is available with R&S FPS-B25. You can use it in addition to
mechanical attenuation. The step size of electronic attenuation is 1 dB with attenuation
levels not divisible by 5 again handled by the IF attenuator. Compared to RF attenuation, you can define the amount of mechanical and electronic attenuation freely.
4.9 Using Limit Lines
Limit lines provide an easy way to verify if measurement results are within the limits
you need them to be. As soon as you turn a limit line on, the application will indicate if
the phase noise a trace displays is in line with the limits or if it violates the limits.
The application provides two kinds of limit lines. 'Normal' limit lines as you know them
from the Spectrum application and special thermal limit lines for easy verification of
thermal noise results.
Phase noise limit lines
Phase noise limit lines have been designed specifically for phase noise measurements. Their shape is based on the thermal noise floor of the DUT and the typical run
of the phase noise curve.
The typical slope of the phase noise curve depends on the offset from the DUT frequency. In the white noise range (the noise floor), far away from the carrier, the slope is
more or less 0 dB per frequency decade. In the colored noise segment, the slope is
greater than 0 dB. The slope, however, is not constant in that segment, but again is
typical for various carrier offset segments (or ranges).
28User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 29
R&S®FPS-K40
Measurement Basics
Using Limit Lines
The application supports the definition of up to five ranges, each with a different slope.
The ranges themselves are defined by corner frequencies. Corner frequencies are
those frequencies that mark the boundaries of typical curve slopes. If you use all five
ranges, the result would be a limit line with six segments.
All segments have a slope of 10 dB per decade (f-1) by default.
In most cases, these special limit lines will suffice for phase noise measurements as
they represent the typical shape of a phase noise curve.
Figure 4-8: Typical looks of a special limit line
Normal limit lines
Normal limit lines on the other hand may have any shape and may consist of up to 200
data points. You can turn on up to 8 normal limit lines at the same time. Each of those
limit lines can test one or several traces.
If you want to use them for phase noise measurements however, a limit line must be
scaled in the unit dBc/Hz and must be defined on a logarithmic scale on the horizontal
axis.
29User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 30
R&S®FPS-K40
4.10 Analyzing Several Traces - Trace Mode
Measurement Basics
Analyzing Several Traces - Trace Mode
Figure 4-9: Possible looks of a normal limit line
If several sweeps are performed one after the other, or continuous sweeps are performed, the trace mode determines how the data for subsequent traces is processed.
After each sweep, the trace mode determines whether:
●
the data is frozen (View)
●
the data is hidden (Blank)
●
the data is replaced by new values (Clear Write)
●
the data is replaced selectively (Max Hold, Min Hold, Average)
Each time the trace mode is changed, the selected trace memory is cleared.
The R&S FPS provides the following trace modes:
Table 4-1: Overview of available trace modes
Trace Mode Description
Blank Hides the selected trace.
Clear Write Overwrite mode: the trace is overwritten by each sweep. This is the default setting.
Max Hold The maximum value is determined over several sweeps and displayed. The R&S FPS
saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is greater than the
previous one.
Min Hold The minimum value is determined from several measurements and displayed. The
R&S FPS saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is lower
than the previous one.
Average The average is formed over several sweeps. The sweep count determines the number
of averaging procedures.
View The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed.
30User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 31
R&S®FPS-K40
10
*9 MeasValueTrace
Trace
old
1
1
)(
1
n
i
nin
MeasValueT
n
Trace
Measurement Basics
Analyzing Several Traces - Trace Mode
If a trace is frozen ("View" mode), the instrument settings, apart from level range and
reference level, can be changed without impact on the displayed trace. The fact that
the displayed trace no longer matches the current instrument setting is indicated by the
icon on the tab label.
If the level range or reference level is changed, the R&S FPS automatically adapts the
trace data to the changed display range. This allows an amplitude zoom to be made
after the measurement in order to show details of the trace.
Trace averaging algorithm
In "Average" trace mode, the sweep count determines how many traces are averaged.
The more traces are averaged, the smoother the trace is likely to become.
The algorithm for averaging traces depends on the sweep mode and sweep count.
●
sweep count = 0 (default)
In continuous sweep mode, a continuous average is calculated for 10 sweeps,
according to the following formula:
Figure 4-10: Equation 1
Due to the weighting between the current trace and the average trace, past values
have practically no influence on the displayed trace after about ten sweeps. With
this setting, signal noise is effectively reduced without need for restarting the averaging process after a change of the signal.
●
sweep count = 1
The currently measured trace is displayed and stored in the trace memory. No
averaging is performed.
●
sweep count > 1
For both "Single Sweep" mode and "Continuous Sweep" mode, averaging takes
place over the selected number of sweeps. In this case the displayed trace is
determined during averaging according to the following formula:
Figure 4-11: Equation 2
where n is the number of the current sweep (n = 2 ... Sweep Count).
No averaging is carried out for the first sweep but the measured value is stored in
the trace memory. With increasing n, the displayed trace is increasingly smoothed
since there are more individual sweeps for averaging.
After the selected number of sweeps the average trace is saved in the trace memory. Until this number of sweeps is reached, a preliminary average is displayed.
When the averaging length defined by the "Sweep Count" is attained, averaging is
continued in continuous sweep mode or for "Continue Single Sweep" according to
the following formula:
31User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 32
R&S®FPS-K40
N
MeasValueTraceN
Trace
old
*)1(
4.11 Using Markers
Measurement Basics
Using Markers
where N is the sweep count
Markers are used to mark points on traces, to read out measurement results and to
select a display section quickly. The application provides 4 markers.
By default, the application positions the marker on the lowest level of the trace. You
can change a marker position in several ways.
●
Enter a particular offset frequency in the input field that opens when you activate a
marker.
●
Move the marker around with the rotary knob or the cursor keys.
●
Drag the marker to a new position using the mouse pointer.
4.11.1 Marker Types
All markers can be used either as normal markers or delta markers. A normal marker
indicates the absolute signal value at the defined position in the diagram. A delta
marker indicates the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker (by
default marker 1).
In addition, special functions can be assigned to the individual markers. The availability
of special marker functions depends on whether the measurement is performed in the
frequency or time domain.
4.11.2 Activating Markers
Only active markers are displayed in the diagram and in the marker table. Active markers are indicated by a highlighted softkey.
By default, marker 1 is active and positioned on the maximum value (peak) of trace 1
as a normal marker. If several traces are displayed, the marker is set to the maximum
value of the trace which has the lowest number and is not frozen (View mode). The
next marker to be activated is set to the frequency of the next lower level (next peak)
as a delta marker; its value is indicated as an offset to marker 1.
A marker can only be activated when at least one trace in the corresponding window is
visible. If a trace is switched off, the corresponding markers and marker functions are
also deactivated. If the trace is switched on again, the markers along with coupled
functions are restored to their original positions, provided the markers have not been
used on another trace.
32User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 33
R&S®FPS-K40
5 Configuration
Configuration
Configuration Overview
Access: [MODE] > "Phase Noise"
When you activate a measurement channel in the Phase Noise application, a measurement for the input signal is started automatically with the default configuration. The
"Phase Noise" menu is displayed and provides access to the most important configuration functions.
For a description see
●
Chapter 5.3, "Configuring the Frontend", on page 35
●
Chapter 5.4, "Controlling the Measurement", on page 37
●
Chapter 5.5, "Configuring the Measurement Range", on page 40
●
Chapter 6.3, "Using Limit Lines", on page 56
●
Chapter 6.1, "Configuring Graphical Result Displays", on page 47
●
Chapter 6.2, "Configure Numerical Result Displays", on page 54
Automatic refresh of preview and visualization in dialog boxes after configuration changes
The R&S FPS supports you in finding the correct measurement settings quickly and
easily - after each change in settings in dialog boxes, the preview and visualization
areas are updated immediately and automatically to reflect the changes. Thus, you can
see if the setting is appropriate or not before accepting the changes.
● Configuration Overview...........................................................................................33
● Default Settings for Phase Noise Measurements................................................... 35
● Configuring the Frontend........................................................................................ 35
● Controlling the Measurement..................................................................................37
● Configuring the Measurement Range..................................................................... 40
● Performing Measurements......................................................................................43
● Configuring In- and Outputs....................................................................................45
● Automatic Measurement Configuration...................................................................45
5.1 Configuration Overview
Throughout the measurement channel configuration, an overview of the most important
currently defined settings is provided in the "Overview". The "Overview" is displayed
when you select the "Overview" icon, which is available at the bottom of all softkey
menus.
33User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 34
R&S®FPS-K40
Configuration
Configuration Overview
In addition to the main measurement settings, the "Overview" provides quick access to
the main settings dialog boxes. The individual configuration steps are displayed in the
order of the data flow. Thus, you can easily configure an entire measurement channel
from input over processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes
as indicated in the "Overview".
In particular, the "Overview" provides quick access to the following configuration dialog
boxes (listed in the recommended order of processing):
1. Frontend
See Chapter 5.3, "Configuring the Frontend", on page 35.
2. Measurement Control
See Chapter 5.4, "Controlling the Measurement", on page 37.
3. Phase Noise Measurement
See Chapter 5.5, "Configuring the Measurement Range", on page 40.
4. Limit Analysis
See Chapter 6.3, "Using Limit Lines", on page 56.
5. Graphical Results
See Chapter 6.1, "Configuring Graphical Result Displays", on page 47.
6. Numerical Results
See Chapter 6.2, "Configure Numerical Result Displays", on page 54.
To configure settings
► Select any button in the "Overview" to open the corresponding dialog box.
Select a setting in the channel bar (at the top of the measurement channel tab) to
change a specific setting.
34User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 35
R&S®FPS-K40
5.2 Default Settings for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuration
Configuring the Frontend
Preset Channel
Select the "Preset Channel" button in the lower left-hand corner of the "Overview" to
restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values.
Do not confuse the "Preset Channel" button with the [Preset] key, which restores the
entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all channels on the R&S FPS
(except for the default channel)!
Remote command:
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC] on page 77
When you enter the phase noise application for the first time, a set of parameters is
passed on from the currently active application:
●
nominal or center frequency
●
nominal or reference level
●
input coupling
After initial setup, the parameters for the measurement channel are stored upon exiting
and restored upon re-entering the channel. Thus, you can switch between applications
quickly and easily.
Apart from these settings, the following default settings are activated directly after a
measurement channel has been set to the Phase Noise application, or after a channel
preset:
Table 5-1: Default settings for phase noise measurement channels
Parameter Value
Attenuation Auto (0 dB)
Verify frequency & level On
Frequency & level tracking Off
Measurement range 1 kHz ... 1 MHz
Sweep type Normal
X-axis scaling Measurement range
Y-axis scaling 20 dBc/Hz ... 120 dBc/Hz
Smoothing 1%
Smoothing type Linear
5.3 Configuring the Frontend
Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend"
35User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 36
R&S®FPS-K40
Configuration
Configuring the Frontend
The "Frontend" tab of the "Measurement Settings" dialog box contains all functions
necessary to configure the frontend of the RF measurement hardware.
Functions to configure the RF input described elsewhere:
●
Chapter 5.7.1, "Input Source Configuration", on page 45
Nominal Frequency.......................................................................................................36
Nominal Level............................................................................................................... 36
Mechanical Attenuator / Value.......................................................................................36
Coupling........................................................................................................................36
Preamplifier (option B22/B24).......................................................................................37
Nominal Frequency
Defines the nominal frequency of the measurement.
For more information see Chapter 4.6, "Frequency Determination", on page 24.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer on page 89
Nominal Level
Defines the nominal level of the R&S FPS.
For more information see .Chapter 4.7, "Level Determination", on page 27
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify[:STATe] on page 93
Mechanical Attenuator / Value
Turns mechanical attenuation on and off.
If on, you can define an attenuation level in 5 dB steps.
For more information see Chapter 4.8, "Signal Attenuation", on page 27.
Remote command:
Turning manual attenuation on and off:
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO on page 90
Defining an attenuation level:
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation on page 89
Coupling
Selects the coupling method at the RF input.
36User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 37
R&S®FPS-K40
Configuration
Controlling the Measurement
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. DC coupling lets DC voltage
through.
For more information refer to the data sheet.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:COUPling on page 144
Preamplifier (option B22/B24)
Switches the preamplifier on and off. If activated, the input signal is amplified by 20 dB.
If option R&S FPS-B22 is installed, the preamplifier is only active below 7 GHz.
If option R&S FPS-B24 is installed, the preamplifier is active for all frequencies.
Make sure the used preamplifier covers all frequencies to be measured during the
phase noise measurement!
The maximum frequency in the phase noise measurement is:
Nominal Frequency + Stop offset
Remote command:
INPut:GAIN:STATe on page 90
5.4 Controlling the Measurement
Access: "Overview" > "Measurement Control"
The "Control" tab of the "Measurement Settings" dialog box contains all functions necessary to control the sequence of the phase noise measurement.
Verify Frequency...........................................................................................................38
Verify Level....................................................................................................................38
On Verify Failed.............................................................................................................38
Frequency Tracking.......................................................................................................38
Level Tracking...............................................................................................................39
AM Rejection.................................................................................................................39
Max Freq Drift............................................................................................................... 39
Digital PLL.....................................................................................................................39
Decimation.................................................................................................................... 39
37User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 38
R&S®FPS-K40
Configuration
Controlling the Measurement
Verify Frequency
Turns frequency verification on and off.
If frequency verification is on, the R&S FPS initiates the phase noise measurement
only if the frequency of the DUT is within a certain frequency tolerance range. The tolerance range is either a percentage range of the nominal frequency or a absolute deviation from the nominal frequency.
If you define both an absolute and relative tolerance, the application uses the higher
tolerance level.
For more information see Chapter 4.6, "Frequency Determination", on page 24.
Remote command:
Verify frequency:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify[:STATe] on page 92
Relative tolerance:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance[:RELative] on page 91
Absolute tolerance:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance:ABSolute on page 91
Verify Level
Turns level verification on and off.
If level verification is on, the R&S FPS initiates the phase noise measurement only if
the level of the DUT is within a certain level tolerance range. The tolerance range is a
level range relative to the nominal level.
For more information see Chapter 4.7, "Level Determination", on page 27.
Remote command:
Verify level:
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify[:STATe] on page 93
Level tolerance:
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify:TOLerance on page 93
On Verify Failed
Selects the way the application reacts if signal verification fails.
Takes effect on both frequency and level verification.
"Restart"
"Stop"
"Run Auto All"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:SVFailed on page 94
Restarts the measurement if verification has failed.
Stops the measurement if verification has failed.
Starts an automatic frequency and level detection routine if verifica-
tion has failed. After the new frequency and level have been set, the
measurement restarts. For more information see Chapter 5.8, "Auto-
matic Measurement Configuration", on page 45.
Frequency Tracking
Turns frequency tracking on and off.
38User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 39
R&S®FPS-K40
Configuration
Controlling the Measurement
If on, the application tracks the frequency of the DUT during the phase noise measurement and adjusts the nominal frequency accordingly. The application adjusts the frequency after each half decade measurement.
For more information see Chapter 4.6, "Frequency Determination", on page 24.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:TRACk on page 91
Level Tracking
Turns level tracking on and off.
If on, the R&S FPS tracks the level of the DUT during phase noise measurements and
adjusts the nominal level accordingly. The application adjusts the level after each half
decade measurement.
For more information see Chapter 4.7, "Level Determination", on page 27.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify[:STATe] on page 93
AM Rejection
Turns the suppression of AM noise on and off.
If on, the application suppresses the AM noise that the signal contains in order to dis-
play phase noise as pure as possible.
AM rejection is available for the I/Q sweep mode.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]REJect:AM on page 94
Max Freq Drift
Defines the minimum bandwidth or sample rate used in the signal processing to
increase the probability of capture drifting signals.
The tracking bandwidth is valid for all half decades measured in I/Q mode.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:TBW on page 93
Digital PLL
Turns an additional frequency correction based on the I/Q data on and off.
If on, the application is able to track frequency changes during the I/Q data capture that
would otherwise fall into the half decade measurement bandwidth (see Max Freq Drift).
The digital PLL works for all half decades measured in I/Q mode.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:DPLL on page 92
Decimation
Turns decimation on and off.
When you turn on decimation, the samples that have already been used for a given
half decade are resampled in lower half decades. Reusing these samples results in
lower measurement times in the lower half decades, because less samples have to be
recorded there.
39User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 40
R&S®FPS-K40
5.5 Configuring the Measurement Range
Configuration
Configuring the Measurement Range
To get valid results for lower offset frequencies, make sure to use an appropriate sample rate.
This feature is especially useful when you are measuring half decades with very low
offset frequencies.
Using decimation is available for the "I/Q FFT" sweep mode.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]IQ:DECimation on page 92
Access: "Overview" > "Phase Noise Meas"
The "Phase Noise" tab of the "Measurement Settings" dialog box contains all functions
necessary to configure the measurement range for phase noise measurements, including individual range settings.
Range Start / Stop.........................................................................................................40
Sweep Forward.............................................................................................................41
Presets..........................................................................................................................41
Global RBW.................................................................................................................. 41
Global Average Count...................................................................................................41
Multiplier........................................................................................................................42
Global Sweep Mode......................................................................................................42
Global I/Q Window........................................................................................................ 42
Half Decades Configuration Table.................................................................................43
Range Start / Stop
Defines the frequency offsets that make up the measurement range.
Note that the maximum offset you can select depends on the hardware you are using.
If a preamplifier is used, make sure the entire frequency range is covered by the pre-
amplifier.
(See "Preamplifier (option B22/B24)" on page 37)
Remote command:
Measurement Range Start
[SENSe:]FREQuency:STARt on page 96
40User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 41
R&S®FPS-K40
Configuration
Configuring the Measurement Range
Measurement Range Stop
[SENSe:]FREQuency:STOP on page 96
Sweep Forward
Selects the sweep direction. Forward and reverse sweep direction are available.
Forward sweep direction performs a measurement that begins at the smallest fre-
quency offset you have defined. The measurement ends after the largest offset has
been reached.
Reverse sweep direction performs a measurement that begins at the largest frequency
offset you have defined. The measurement ends after the smallest offset has been
reached. The reverse sweep is the default sweep direction because the application is
able to lock on a drifting carrier frequency in that case.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:FORWard on page 99
Presets
Selects predefined measurement settings for each individual half decade that are used
for the measurement.
If the measurement settings differ from one of the preset states, the application displays a symbol ( ) at the label.
"Fast"
"Normal"
"Average"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:MODE on page 100
Fast measurements perform one measurement in each half decade.
No averaging takes place.
Normal measurements use averaging for some half decades, but with
respect to measurement speed.
Average measurements use averaging for all half decades. However,
you have to put up with slower measurement speed.
Global RBW
Defines the resolution bandwidth for all half decades globally.
The resulting RBW is a percentage of the start frequency of the corresponding half
decade.
If the resulting RBW is not available, the application rounds to the next available band-
width.
You can also change the global bandwidth with the "RBW Global" softkey in the "Band-
width" menu.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:BWIDth[:RESolution] on page 97
Global Average Count
Defines the number of measurements that the application uses to calculate averaged
results in each half decade.
The range is 1 to 10000.
41User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 42
R&S®FPS-K40
Configuration
Configuring the Measurement Range
Remote command:
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt on page 98
Multiplier
Turns a multiplier that changes the average count in each half decade on and off.
If on, you can define a value that multiplies the number of averages currently defined
for each half decade by that value.
When you turn it off, the original averages are restored and used again.
Example:
You have three half decades:
●
1st half decade average count: 1
●
2nd half decade average count: 3
●
3rd half decade average count: 5
If you turn the multiplier on and define a value of 5, the average count changes as follows:
●
1st half decade average count: 5
●
2nd half decade average count: 15
●
3rd half decade average count: 25
Remote command:
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt:MULTiplier on page 99
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt:MULTiplier:STATe on page 99
Global Sweep Mode
Selects the analysis mode for all half decades. The sweep mode defines the way the
application processes the data.
For more information see Chapter 4.4, "Sweep Modes", on page 22.
"Normal"
"I/Q / FFT"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]LIST:BWIDth[:RESolution]:TYPE on page 96
Global I/Q Window
Selects the window function for all half decades.
The window function is available for I/Q analysis.
"Blackman
Harris"
"Chebychev"
"Gaussian"
"Rectangular"
Remote command:
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:IQWindow:TYPE on page 97
Uses spectrum analyzer data for the data analysis.
Uses I/Q data for the data analysis.
Blackman Harris window.
Chebychev window.
Gaussian window.
Rectangular window.
42User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 43
R&S®FPS-K40
Configuration
Performing Measurements
Half Decades Configuration Table
Contains all functionality to configure the phase noise measurement range.
"Start"
"Stop"
"RBW"
"Sweep Mode"
"AVG"
"Window"
"Meas Time"
Remote command:
RBW:
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:BWIDth[:RESolution] on page 97
Sweep Mode
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:FILTer:TYPE on page 97
Averages:
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:SWEep:COUNt on page 98
Window:
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:IQWindow:TYPE on page 97
Shows the offset frequency that the half decade starts with.
Shows the offset frequency that the half decade stops with.
Tip: Note that double-clicking on one of the start or stop offset values
is an easy way to adjust the measurement range.
Selects resolution bandwidth for the half decade.
To avoid invalid measurements and long measurement times, the
availability of RBW for each half decade is limited.
Selects the measurement mode. The measurement mode is the way
the application analyzes the data.
●
Swept
●
I/Q / FFT
For more information see Chapter 4.4, "Sweep Modes", on page 22.
Defines the number of averagings that the application performs
before the results for a half decade are displayed.
Selects the window type for a half decade.
Window functions are available for I/Q measurements.
Shows an estimation of how long the measurement of a half decade
lasts.
5.6 Performing Measurements
Access: [SWEEP]
The "Sweep" menu contains all functionality necessary to control and perform phase
noise measurements.
Functions to configure the sweep described elsewhere:
●
"Multiplier" on page 42
●
"Global Average Count" on page 41
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont .....................................................................................44
Single Sweep / Run Single ...........................................................................................44
Continue Single Sweep ................................................................................................44
Sweep/Average Count ................................................................................................. 44
Finish Half Decade........................................................................................................44
43User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 44
R&S®FPS-K40
Configuration
Performing Measurements
Continuous Sweep / Run Cont
After triggering, starts the measurement and repeats it continuously until stopped.
While the measurement is running, the "Continuous Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
CONT] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the
highlighted softkey or key again. The results are not deleted until a new measurement
is started.
Note: Sequencer. Furthermore, the [RUN CONT] key controls the Sequencer, not individual sweeps. [RUN CONT] starts the Sequencer in continuous mode.
For details on the Sequencer, see the R&S FPS User Manual.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 79
Single Sweep / Run Single
While the measurement is running, the "Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN SINGLE]
key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] on page 79
Continue Single Sweep
After triggering, repeats the number of sweeps set in "Sweep Count", without deleting
the trace of the last measurement.
While the measurement is running, the "Continue Single Sweep" softkey and the [RUN
SINGLE] key are highlighted. The running measurement can be aborted by selecting
the highlighted softkey or key again.
Remote command:
INITiate<n>:CONMeas on page 78
Sweep/Average Count
Defines the number of sweeps to be performed in the single sweep mode. Values from
0 to 200000 are allowed. If the values 0 or 1 are set, one sweep is performed.
The sweep count is applied to all the traces in all diagrams.
If the trace modes "Average" , "Max Hold" or "Min Hold" are set, this value also deter-
mines the number of averaging or maximum search procedures.
In continuous sweep mode, if "Sweep Count" = 0 (default), averaging is performed
over 10 sweeps. For "Sweep Count" =1, no averaging, maxhold or minhold operations
are performed.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt on page 100
Finish Half Decade
Aborts the measurement in the current half decade and continues measuring the subsequent half decade.
Averaged results displayed for a half decade finished prematurely are based on the
number of measurements already done.
44User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 45
R&S®FPS-K40
5.7 Configuring In- and Outputs
5.7.1 Input Source Configuration
Configuration
Automatic Measurement Configuration
Remote command:
[SENSe:]SWEep:FHDecade on page 81
The "In- / Output" menu contains all functionality necessary to control and perform
phase noise measurements.
● Input Source Configuration..................................................................................... 45
Access: "Overview" > "Input / Frontend" > "Input Source Config"
The "Radio Frequency" dialog box contains functionality to configure the input source.
Note that the "Radio Frequency (On Off)" button is unavailable in the R&S FPS-K40
Coupling........................................................................................................................45
Coupling
Selects the coupling method at the RF input.
AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal. DC coupling lets DC voltage
through.
For more information refer to the data sheet.
Remote command:
INPut<ip>:COUPling on page 144
5.8 Automatic Measurement Configuration
Access: [AUTO SET]
The "Auto Set" menu contains all functionality necessary to determine measurement
parameters automatically.
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically ( Auto All )...................................... 45
Adjusting the Center Frequency Automatically ( Auto Frequency ).............................. 46
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level ).............................................46
Adjusting all Determinable Settings Automatically ( Auto All )
Activates all automatic adjustment functions for the current measurement settings.
This includes:
●
Auto Frequency
●
Auto Level
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:ALL on page 145
45User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 46
R&S®FPS-K40
Configuration
Automatic Measurement Configuration
Adjusting the Center Frequency Automatically ( Auto Frequency )
The R&S FPS adjusts the center frequency automatically.
The optimum center frequency is the frequency with the highest S/N ratio in the fre-
quency span. As this function uses the signal counter, it is intended for use with sinusoidal signals.
At the same time, the optimal reference level is also set (see " Setting the Reference
Level Automatically ( Auto Level )" on page 46).
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:FREQuency on page 145
Setting the Reference Level Automatically ( Auto Level )
Automatically determines a reference level which ensures that no overload occurs at
the R&S FPS for the current input data. At the same time, the internal attenuators are
adjusted so the signal-to-noise ratio is optimized, while signal compression and clipping are minimized.
To determine the required reference level, a level measurement is performed on the
R&S FPS.
If necessary, you can optimize the reference level further. Decrease the attenuation
level manually to the lowest possible value before an overload occurs, then decrease
the reference level in the same way.
Remote command:
[SENSe:]ADJust:LEVel on page 146
46User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 47
R&S®FPS-K40
6 Analysis
6.1 Configuring Graphical Result Displays
Analysis
Configuring Graphical Result Displays
The application provides various means and methods to analyze and evaluate measurement results.
● Configuring Graphical Result Displays....................................................................47
● Configure Numerical Result Displays......................................................................54
● Using Limit Lines.....................................................................................................56
● Using Markers.........................................................................................................63
Access: "Overview" > "Graphical Results"
The "Graphical" tab of the "Results" dialog box and the "Trace" menu contains all functions necessary to set up and configure the graphical phase noise result displays.
● Scaling the Diagram................................................................................................47
● Configuring Traces..................................................................................................49
● Trace/Data Ex/Import..............................................................................................51
● Trace Math..............................................................................................................53
6.1.1 Scaling the Diagram
X-Axis Scope.................................................................................................................47
X-Axis Start / Stop.........................................................................................................48
Half Decade.................................................................................................................. 48
Y Axis Scaling............................................................................................................... 48
Top / Range / Bottom.................................................................................................... 48
Auto Scale Once........................................................................................................... 49
X-Axis Scope
Selects the way the application scales the horizontal axis.
"Half Decade"
The horizontal axis shows one half decade that you can select.
47User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 48
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Configuring Graphical Result Displays
"Manual"
"Meas Range"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:X[:SCALe]:SCOPe on page 116
X-Axis Start / Stop
Defines the start and stop frequency of the horizontal axis.
Note that the displayed frequency range is a detail of the measurement range. Regard-
less of the displayed frequency range, the application still performs all measurement
over the measurement range you have defined.
The range depends on the measurement range. and possible increments correspond
to the half decades.
Available for a manual "X Axis Scope".
Remote command:
X-axis start:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:X[:SCALe]:STARt on page 116
X-axis stop:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:X[:SCALe]:STOP on page 117
Half Decade
Selects the half decade that is displayed.
Available if you have selected the half decade "X Axis Scope".
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:X[:SCALe]:HDECade on page 115
The horizontal axis shows a detail of the measurement range that you
can define freely.
The horizontal axis shows the complete measurement range.
Y Axis Scaling
Selects the type of scaling for the vertical axis.
"Auto"
"Top & Bottom"
"Top & Range"
"Bottom &
Range"
Remote command:
Automatic scaling:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:AUTO on page 118
Manual scaling:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:MANual on page 118
Top / Range / Bottom
Define the top and bottom values or the range of the vertical axis.
Top defines the top values of the vertical axis. The unit is dBm/Hz.
Bottom defines the bottom value of the vertical axis. The unit is dBm/Hz.
Range defines the range of the vertical axis. The unit is dB.
Automatically scales the vertical axis.
Allows you to set the values at the top and bottom of the vertical axis.
Allows to set the value at the top of the vertical axis and its range.
Allows you to set the value at the bottom of the vertical axis and its
range.
48User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 49
R&S®FPS-K40
6.1.2 Configuring Traces
Analysis
Configuring Graphical Result Displays
The availability of the three fields depends on the type of manual "Y Axis Scaling" you
have selected.
Remote command:
Top:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel on page 119
Range:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe] on page 117
Bottom:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:LOWer on page 119
Auto Scale Once
Automatically scales the vertical axis for ideal viewing.
Trace Offset...................................................................................................................49
Trace 1 / Trace 2 / Trace 3 / Trace 4 / Trace 5 / Trace 6 ..............................................49
Trace Mode ..................................................................................................................49
Smoothing ....................................................................................................................50
Spur Removal / Spur Threshold....................................................................................50
Predefined Trace Settings - Quick Config ....................................................................50
Spectrum Monitor: Raw Trace / Trk Trace (On Off).......................................................51
Copy Trace ...................................................................................................................51
Trace Offset
Access: "Overview" > "Graphical Results" > "Graphical" tab
Defines a trace offset in dB.
The trace offset moves the trace vertically by the level you have defined.
The range is from -200 dB to 200 dB.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:Y[:SCALe]:RLEVel:OFFSet on page 119
Trace 1 / Trace 2 / Trace 3 / Trace 4 / Trace 5 / Trace 6
Selects the corresponding trace for configuration. The currently selected trace is highlighted.
Remote command:
Selected via numeric suffix of:TRACe<1...6> commands
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>[:STATe] on page 115
Trace Mode
Defines the update mode for subsequent traces.
"Clear/ Write"
"Max Hold"
Overwrite mode (default): the trace is overwritten by each sweep.
The maximum value is determined over several sweeps and dis-
played. The R&S FPS saves each trace point in the trace memory
only if the new value is greater than the previous one.
49User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 50
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Configuring Graphical Result Displays
"Min Hold"
The minimum value is determined from several measurements and
displayed. The R&S FPS saves each trace point in the trace memory
only if the new value is lower than the previous one.
"Average"
"View"
"Blank"
The average is formed over several sweeps.
The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed.
Removes the selected trace from the display.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:TRACe<t>:MODE on page 113
Smoothing
If enabled, the trace is smoothed by the specified value (between 1 % and 50 %). The
smoothing value is defined as a percentage of the display width. The larger the
smoothing value, the greater the smoothing effect.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:SMOothing[:STATe]
on page 114
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>][:SUBWindow<w>]:TRACe<t>:SMOothing:APERture
on page 113
Spur Removal / Spur Threshold
Turns spur removal for all traces on and off and defines the threshold for spur removal.
For more information see Chapter 4.1, "Spurs and Spur Removal", on page 19.
Note that you can also remove spurs for individual traces in the "Trace Config" dialog
box.
Remote command:
Turn spur suppression on and off:
[SENSe:]SPURs:SUPPress on page 122
Set the threshold:
[SENSe:]SPURs:THReshold on page 122
Predefined Trace Settings - Quick Config
Commonly required trace settings have been predefined and can be applied very
quickly by selecting the appropriate button.
Function Trace Settings
Preset All Traces Trace 1: Clear Write
Set Trace Mode
Max | Avg | Min
Set Trace Mode
Max | ClrWrite | Min
Trace 1: Max Hold
Trace 2: Average
Trace 3: Min Hold
Trace 1: Max Hold
Trace 2: Clear Write
Blank
Blank
50User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 51
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Configuring Graphical Result Displays
Function Trace Settings
Trace 3: Min Hold
Spectrum Monitor: Raw Trace / Trk Trace (On Off)
Access: [TRACE] key for selected Spectrum Monitor window
Turns the traces displayed in the Spectrum Monitor result display on and off.
The "Raw Trace (On Off)" softkey controls the yellow trace.
The "Trk Trace (On Off)" softkey controls the blue trace.
Copy Trace
Access: "Overview" > "Analysis" > "Traces" > "Copy Trace"
Or: [TRACE] > "Copy Trace"
Copies trace data to another trace.
The first group of buttons (labeled "Trace 1" to "Trace 6" ) selects the source trace. The
second group of buttons (labeled "Copy to Trace 1" to "Copy to Tace 6" ) selects the
destination.
Remote command:
TRACe<n>:COPY on page 123
6.1.3 Trace/Data Ex/Import
Blank
Access: [TRACE] > "Trace Config" > "Trace / Data Export"
The R&S FPS provides various evaluation methods for the results of the performed
measurements. However, you may want to evaluate the data with other, external applications. In this case, you can export the measurement data to a standard ASCII format
file (DAT or CSV). You can also import existing trace data from a file, for example as a
reference trace (Spectrum application only).
The standard data management functions (e.g. saving or loading instrument settings)
that are available for all R&S FPS applications are not described here.
51User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 52
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Configuring Graphical Result Displays
Export all Traces and all Table Results ........................................................................ 52
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings ............................................................... 52
Trace to Export .............................................................................................................52
Decimal Separator ....................................................................................................... 52
X-Value Distribution.......................................................................................................52
Export Trace to ASCII File ............................................................................................53
Importing Traces........................................................................................................... 53
└ Import All Traces / Import to Trace .................................................................53
└ Import ASCII File to Trace ..............................................................................53
└ File Explorer..........................................................................................53
Export all Traces and all Table Results
Selects all displayed traces and result tables (e.g. Result Summary, marker table etc.)
in the current application for export to an ASCII file.
Alternatively, you can select one specific trace only for export (see Trace to Export ).
The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window
by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:TRACes on page 120
Include Instrument & Measurement Settings
Includes additional instrument and measurement settings in the header of the export
file for result data.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:HEADer on page 120
Trace to Export
Defines an individual trace to be exported to a file.
This setting is not available if Export all Traces and all Table Results is selected.
Decimal Separator
Defines the decimal separator for floating-point numerals for the data export/import
files. Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages.
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:DSEParator on page 120
X-Value Distribution
Defines how the x-values of the trace are determined in the frequency domain.
"Bin-Centered"
"Start/Stop"
The full measurement span is divided by the number of sweep points
to obtain bins. The x-value of the sweep point is defined as the xvalue at the center of the bin (bin/2).
(Default): The x-value of the first sweep point corresponds to the
starting point of the full measurement span. The x-value of the last
sweep point corresponds to the end point of the full measurement
span. All other sweep points are divided evenly between the first and
last points.
52User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 53
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Configuring Graphical Result Displays
Remote command:
FORMat:DEXPort:XDIStrib on page 121
Export Trace to ASCII File
Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected trace in ASCII format (.dat)
to the specified file and directory.
The results are output in the same order as they are displayed on the screen: window
by window, trace by trace, and table row by table row.
Remote command:
MMEMory:STORe<n>:TRACe on page 122
Importing Traces
Trace data that was stored during a previous measurement can be imported to the
Spectrum application, for example as a reference trace.
Import All Traces / Import to Trace ← Importing Traces
If the import file contains more than one trace, you can import several traces at once,
overwriting the existing trace data for any active trace in the result display with the
same trace number. Data from the import file for currently not active traces is not
imported.
Alternatively, you can import a single trace only, which is displayed for the trace number specified in "Import to Trace" . This list contains all currently active traces in the
result display. If a trace with the specified number exists in the import file, that trace is
imported. Otherwise, the first trace in the file is imported (indicated by a message in
the status bar).
Remote command:
FORMat:DIMPort:TRACes on page 121
Import ASCII File to Trace ← Importing Traces
Loads one trace or all traces from the selected file in the selected ASCII format (.DAT
or .CSV) to the currently active result display.
Remote command:
FORMat:DIMPort:TRACes on page 121
File Explorer ← Import ASCII File to Trace ← Importing Traces
Opens the Microsoft Windows File Explorer.
Remote command:
not supported
6.1.4 Trace Math
Access: [TRACE] > "Trace Math"
If you have several traces with different modes, for example an average trace and a
maximum trace, it may be of interest to compare the results of both traces. In this
example, you could analyze the maximum difference between the average and maximum values. To analyze the span of result values, you could subtract the minimum
53User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 54
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Configure Numerical Result Displays
trace from the maximum trace. For such tasks, the results from several traces can be
combined using mathematical functions.
Trace Math Function .................................................................................................... 54
Trace Math Off ............................................................................................................. 54
Trace Math Function
Defines which trace is subtracted from trace 1. The result is displayed in trace 1.
"T1-T3->T1" Subtracts trace 3 from trace 1
T2-T3->T2 Subtracts trace 3 from trace 2
To switch off the trace math, use the Trace Math Off button.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MATH<t>[:EXPRession][:DEFine] on page 112
CALCulate<n>:MATH<t>:STATe on page 113
Trace Math Off
Deactivates any previously selected trace math functions.
Remote command:
CALC:MATH:STAT OFF, see CALCulate<n>:MATH<t>:STATe on page 113
6.2 Configure Numerical Result Displays
Access: "Overview" > "Numerical Results"
The "Numerical" tab of the "Results" dialog box contains all functions necessary to set
up and configure the numerical phase noise result displays.
54User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 55
R&S®FPS-K40
6.2.1 Configuring Residual Noise Measurements
Analysis
Configure Numerical Result Displays
Meas Range..................................................................................................................55
User Range...................................................................................................................55
Meas Range
Turns the integration of the entire measurement range for residual noise calculations
on and off.
The range defined here is applied to all traces.
"Meas"
"Manual"
Remote command:
Turn customized range on and off:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation[:STATe] on page 124
Define start point of custom range:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation:STARt on page 124
Define end point of custom range:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation:USER<range>:STOP on page 125
User Range
Defines a custom range for residual noise calculations. You have to assign a user
range to a particular trace.
In the default state, user ranges are inactive. "None" is selected in the dropdown
menu. If you assign the user range to a trace by selecting one of the traces from the
dropdown menu, the input fields next to the trace selection become active. In these
fields, you can define a start and stop offset frequency.
The application calculates the residual noise over the entire measurement range.
The application calculates the residual noise over a customized
range.
The input fields become available to define a customized integration
range. The application shows two red lines ("EL1" and "EL2") in the
graphical result display to indicate the custom range.
55User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 56
R&S®FPS-K40
6.2.2 Configuring Spot Noise Measurements
Analysis
Using Limit Lines
Remote command:
Selecting a trace:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation:USER<range>:TRACe on page 126
Define start frequency of user range:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation:STARt on page 124
Define stop frequency of user range:
CALCulate<n>:EVALuation:USER<range>:STOP on page 125
Sort by Frequency.........................................................................................................56
On All Decade Edges....................................................................................................56
On User Defined Offsets / Offset Frequency.................................................................56
Sort by Frequency
If enabled, the spot noise result table is sorted in ascending order of the offset frequency from the carrier.
On All Decade Edges
Turns the calculation of spot noise on all 10x offset frequencies on and off.
Remote command:
Turn on and off spot noise calculation on 10x offset frequencies:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades[:STATe] on page 129
Querying spot noise results on 10x offset frequencies:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades:X on page 130
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades:Y on page 130
On User Defined Offsets / Offset Frequency
Turns custom spot noise frequencies on and off.
If on, the "Offset Frequency" input fields become available. You can measure the spot
noise for up to five custom offset frequencies. If active, the application adds those
spots to the spot noise table.
Remote command:
Turning spot noise marker on and off:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:DECades[:STATe] on page 129
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:AOFF on page 129
Positioning spot noise markers:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:X on page 131
Querying custom spot noise results:
CALCulate<n>:SNOise<m>:Y on page 131
6.3 Using Limit Lines
Access: "Overview" > "Limit Analysis"
56User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 57
R&S®FPS-K40
6.3.1 Using Phase Noise Limit Lines
Analysis
Using Limit Lines
The "Limits" tab of the "Results" dialog box contains all functions necessary to set up
and configure limit lines.
Phase Noise Limit Line................................................................................................. 57
Selected Traces............................................................................................................ 57
Noise Floor....................................................................................................................57
Range x - Range y........................................................................................................ 58
Copy to User Limit Line.................................................................................................58
Phase Noise Limit Line
Selects the shape of the phase noise limit line.
For more information see Chapter 4.9, "Using Limit Lines", on page 28.
"None"
"Noise floor
and x Ranges"
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:TYPE on page 102
Selected Traces
Selects the trace(s) to assign a phase noise limit line to.
For more information see Chapter 4.9, "Using Limit Lines", on page 28.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:TRACe on page 102
No limit line.
Limit line defined by the noise floor and x corner frequencies and
slopes. The application supports up to 5 ranges.
Noise Floor
Defines the noise floor level in dBm/Hz of the DUT.
For more information see Chapter 4.9, "Using Limit Lines", on page 28.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:NOISe on page 101
57User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 58
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Using Limit Lines
Range x - Range y
Defines the corner frequencies and slope for a particular segment of phase noise limit
lines.
The slope defines the slope of the limit line segment to the left of the corner frequency.
For more information see Chapter 4.9, "Using Limit Lines", on page 28.
Remote command:
Corner frequencies:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:FC<1 to 5> on page 101
Slope:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:SLOPe<segment> on page 103
Copy to User Limit Line
Creates a new user limit line from the data of a phase noise limit line.
The file is stored in the default folder for user limit lines. You can load and edit the limit
line via the "Select Limit Line" dialog box. For more information see "Select Limit Line"
on page 58.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:PNLimit:COPY<k> on page 101
6.3.2 Selecting Standard Limit Lines
Access: "Overview" > "Limit Analysis" > "Line Config"
Select Limit Line............................................................................................................58
└ Name.............................................................................................................. 59
└ Unit..................................................................................................................59
└ Compatible......................................................................................................59
└ Visible............................................................................................................. 59
└ Check Traces..................................................................................................59
└ Comment........................................................................................................ 60
└ View Filter....................................................................................................... 60
└ New / Edit / Copy To....................................................................................... 60
└ Delete..............................................................................................................60
└ Disable All Lines............................................................................................. 60
Select Limit Line
The "Select Limit Line" dialog box contains functionality to include standard limit lines
in the measurement.
The dialog box consists of a table that shows all available limit lines and their characteristics and a few buttons to manage individual limit lines.
58User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 59
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Using Limit Lines
Name ← Select Limit Line
Shows the name of the limit line.
Unit ← Select Limit Line
Shows the unit of the limit line.
Compatible ← Select Limit Line
Shows if the limit line is compatible to the current measurement setup or not.
"Yes"
"No"
Visible ← Select Limit Line
Displays a limit line in the diagram area.
You can display up to eight limit lines at the same time.
Remote command:
Display a limit line:
Lower limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:LOWer:STATe on page 106
Upper limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:UPPer:STATe on page 107
Query all visible limit lines:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:ACTive? on page 104
You can use the limit line because it is compatible to the current measurement setup.
You cannot use the limit line because it is compatible to the current
measurement setup.
Check Traces ← Select Limit Line
Turns the limit check for a particular trace on and off.
Remote command:
Assign a limit line to a particular trace:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:TRACe<t> on page 107
Activate the limit check:
59User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 60
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Using Limit Lines
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:STATe on page 106
Querying limit check results:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:FAIL? on page 105
Comment ← Select Limit Line
Shows the comment of the selected limit line. If the limit line has no comment, this field
stays empty.
View Filter ← Select Limit Line
Turns filter for the list of limit lines on and off.
By default, the list includes all limit lines that are stored on the R&S FPS.
"Show Com-
patible"
"Show Lines
For PNoise"
New / Edit / Copy To ← Select Limit Line
All three buttons open the "Edit Limit Line" dialog box to create or edit limit lines.
When you use the "New" button, the dialog box contains no data.
When you use the "Edit" button, the dialog box contains the data of the previously
selected limit line.
When you use the "Copy To" button, the dialog box also contains a copy the data of
the previously selected limit line.
Remote command:
New:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:NAME on page 105
Copy:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:COPY on page 104
Delete ← Select Limit Line
Deletes the selected limit line.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:DELete on page 105
Filters the list of limit lines by compatibility.
If on, the list includes only those limit lines that are compatible to the
current measurement setup.
Filters the list of limit lines by compatibility to phase noise measurements.
If on, the list includes only those limit lines that are compatible to
phase noise measurements.
Disable All Lines ← Select Limit Line
Turns all active limit lines off.
6.3.3 Creating and Editing Standard Limit Lines
Access: "Overview" > "Limit Analysis" > "Line Config" > "New" / "Edit" > "Copy To"
Edit Limit Line................................................................................................................61
└ Name.............................................................................................................. 61
└ Comment........................................................................................................ 61
60User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 61
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Using Limit Lines
└ X-Axis..............................................................................................................61
└ Y-Axis.............................................................................................................. 62
└ Data Points..................................................................................................... 62
└ Insert Value.....................................................................................................62
└ Delete Value....................................................................................................62
└ Shift X............................................................................................................. 62
└ Shift Y............................................................................................................. 62
└ Save................................................................................................................63
Edit Limit Line
The "Edit Limit Line" dialog box contains functionality to describe the shape of a limit
line.
Because limit lines have to meet certain conditions for phase noise measurements, the
availability of parameters is limited.
Name ← Edit Limit Line
Defines the name of a limit line.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:NAME on page 105
Comment ← Edit Limit Line
Defines a comment for the limit line.
A comment is not mandatory.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:COMMent on page 108
X-Axis ← Edit Limit Line
Defines the characteristics of the horizontal axis.
The characteristics consist of the unit, the scaling and the type of values.
In the Phase Noise application, the unit for the horizontal axis is always Hz. The scal-
ing can either be logarithmic or linear
"Unit"
In the Phase Noise application, the unit is always Hz.
61User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 62
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Using Limit Lines
"Scaling"
"Type of Values"
Remote command:
Type of values:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:LOWer:MODE on page 110
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:UPPer:MODE on page 110
Y-Axis ← Edit Limit Line
Defines the characteristics of the vertical axis.
The characteristics consist of the unit, the type of values and the usage of the line.
"Unit"
"Type of Val-
ues"
"Line usage"
Data Points ← Edit Limit Line
The data points define the shape of the limit line. A limit line consists of at least 2 data
points and a maximum of 200 data points.
A data point is defined by its position in horizontal ("Position" column) and vertical
direction ("Value" column). The position of the data points have to be in ascending
order.
Remote command:
Horizontal data (position):
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:CONTrol[:DATA] on page 108
Vertical data (value):
Lower limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:LOWer[:DATA] on page 109
Upper limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:UPPer[:DATA] on page 111
In the Phase Noise application, the scaling of the horizontal axis is
always logarithmic.
The type of values can be absolute values or relative to the nominal
frequency.
In the Phase Noise application, the unit is always dBc/Hz.
In the Phase Noise application, the type of values is always absolute.
Selects if the limit line is used as an upper or lower limit line.
Insert Value ← Edit Limit Line
Insert a new limit line data point below the selected data point.
Delete Value ← Edit Limit Line
Deletes the selected limit line data point.
Shift X ← Edit Limit Line
Shifts each data point horizontally by a particular amount.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:CONTrol:SHIFt on page 109
Shift Y ← Edit Limit Line
Shifts each data point vertically by a particular amount.
Remote command:
Lower limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:LOWer:SHIFt on page 110
Upper limit: CALCulate<n>:LIMit<li>:UPPer:SHIFt on page 111
62User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 63
R&S®FPS-K40
6.4 Using Markers
Analysis
Using Markers
Save ← Edit Limit Line
Saves the limit line or the changes you have made to a limit line.
Access (marker position): [MKR] > "Marker Config" > "Markers"
Access (marker settings): [MKR] > "Marker Config" > "Marker Settings"
The "Marker Configuration" dialog box and the "Marker" menu contain all functionality
necessary to control markers.
The "Marker Configuration" dialog box consists of two tabs.
The "Markers" tab contains functionality to define characteristics for each marker.
The "Marker Settings" tab contains general marker functionality.
Marker 1 ... Marker x.....................................................................................................64
Marker Type .................................................................................................................64
Reference Marker ........................................................................................................ 64
Assigning the Marker to a Trace .................................................................................. 64
Marker Zoom.................................................................................................................64
All Markers Off ..............................................................................................................65
Marker Table Display ....................................................................................................65
Marker Info ...................................................................................................................65
63User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 64
R&S®FPS-K40
Analysis
Using Markers
Marker 1 ... Marker x
Selects and turns the corresponding marker on and off.
Turning on a marker also opens an input field to define the horizontal position of the
marker.
In the "Marker Configuration" dialog box, you can also define the horizontal position of
each marker ("x-value").
By default, the first marker you turn on is a normal marker, all others are delta markers.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 138
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 140
Marker Type
Toggles the marker type.
The type for marker 1 is always "Normal" , the type for delta marker 1 is always
"Delta" . These types cannot be changed.
Note: If normal marker 1 is the active marker, switching the "Mkr Type" activates an
additional delta marker 1. For any other marker, switching the marker type does not
activate an additional marker, it only switches the type of the selected marker.
"Normal"
"Delta"
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>[:STATe] on page 138
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>[:STATe] on page 140
A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position
in the diagram.
A delta marker defines the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker (marker 1 by default).
Reference Marker
Defines a marker as the reference marker which is used to determine relative analysis
results (delta marker values).
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:DELTamarker<m>:MREFerence on page 139
Assigning the Marker to a Trace
The "Trace" setting assigns the selected marker to an active trace. The trace determines which value the marker shows at the marker position. If the marker was previously assigned to a different trace, the marker remains on the previous frequency or
time, but indicates the value of the new trace.
If a trace is turned off, the assigned markers and marker functions are also deactivated.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:TRACe on page 138
Marker Zoom
Turns the marker zoom on and off.
The marker zoom magnifies the diagram area around marker 1 by a certain factor.
64User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 65
R&S®FPS-K40
Turning on the zoom also opens an input field to define the zoom factor.
Remote command:
Turning on the zoom:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:ZOOM[:STATe] on page 143
Defining the zoom factor:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:FUNCtion:ZOOM on page 143
All Markers Off
Deactivates all markers in one step.
Remote command:
CALCulate<n>:MARKer<m>:AOFF on page 137
Marker Table Display
Defines how the marker information is displayed.
"On"
"Off"
"Auto"
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MTABle on page 142
Displays the marker information in a table in a separate area beneath
the diagram.
No separate marker table is displayed.
If Marker Info is active, the marker information is displayed within the
diagram area.
(Default) If more than two markers are active, the marker table is displayed automatically.
If Marker Info is active, the marker information for up to two markers
is displayed in the diagram area.
Analysis
Using Markers
Marker Info
Turns the marker information displayed in the diagram on and off.
Remote command:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:MINFo[:STATe] on page 142
65User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 66
R&S®FPS-K40
7 How to Configure Phase Noise Measure-
7.1 Performing a Basic Phase Noise Measurement
How to Configure Phase Noise Measurements
Customizing the Measurement Range
ments
1. In the Spectrum application, define the center frequency of the DUT.
2. Enter the "Phase Noise" application.
The R&S FPS-K40 starts the measurement with the default configuration. The
default configuration defines most settings automatically.
If you need any custom configuration, define them after entering the Phase Noise
application.
3. Layout the display as required via the SmartGrid.
4. Open the "Overview" dialog box to configure the measurement.
5. Configure the frontend (frequency, level etc.) via the "Frontend" dialog box.
6. Define the measurement range via the "Phase Noise" dialog box.
7. Turn on frequency and level tracking via the "Control" dialog box.
8. Run a single sweep.
9. Turn on a marker and read out the results.
10. Read out the residual noise over the measurement range.
11. Customize a residual noise range and read out the results.
12. Freeze trace 1 and 2 (trace mode: View).
13. Turn on trace 3 and 4 (trace mode: Clear/Write).
14. Switch the measurement mode to "IQ FFT" in the "Phase Noise" dialog box.
15. Repeat the measurement.
7.2 Customizing the Measurement Range
The application provides several ways to customize. Each method features a different
level of details you can define.
1. Open the "Phase Noise" configuration via the "Overview" dialog box or the "Meas
Config" softkey menu.
66User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 67
R&S®FPS-K40
How to Configure Phase Noise Measurements
Customizing the Measurement Range
2. Define the frequency offset range you would like to measure in the corresponding
fields.
3. Select the "Sweep Type".
a) Select sweep types "Fast", "Normal" or "Averaged" for automatic measurement
configuration.
For a custom configuration, proceed to set up each measurement parameter separately.
4. Define the "RBW", number of "Averages", sweep "Mode" and "I/Q Window" function.
a) Define the parameters globally for all (half) decades covered by the measure-
ment range.
b) Define the parameters for each individual (half) decade covered by the mea-
surement range in the "Half Decade Configuration Table".
67User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 68
R&S®FPS-K40
8 Remote Control Commands for Phase
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Common Suffixes
Noise Measurements
The following remote control commands are required to configure and perform phase
noise measurements in a remote environment. The R&S FPS must already be configured for remote operation in a network as described in the base unit manual.
Universal functionality
Note that basic tasks that are also performed in the base unit in the same way are not
described here. For a description of such tasks, see the R&S FPS user manual.
In particular, this includes:
●
Managing settings and results, i.e. storing and loading settings and result data.
●
Basic instrument configuration, e.g. checking the system configuration, customizing
the screen layout, or configuring networks and remote operation.
●
Using the common status registers (specific status registers for pulse measurements are not used).
● Common Suffixes....................................................................................................68
● Introduction............................................................................................................. 69
● Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel.............................................. 74
● Performing Measurements......................................................................................77
● Configuring the Result Display................................................................................82
● Configuring the Frontend........................................................................................ 89
● Controlling the Measurement..................................................................................91
● Configuring the Measurement Range..................................................................... 94
● Using Limit Lines...................................................................................................100
● Graphical Display of Phase Noise Results............................................................ 111
● Configure Numerical Result Displays....................................................................123
● Using Markers.......................................................................................................137
● Configuring In- and Outputs..................................................................................143
● Automatic Measurement Configuration.................................................................145
● Using the Status Register..................................................................................... 146
● Remote Control Example Scripts..........................................................................152
8.1 Common Suffixes
In the R&S FPS Phase Noise measurements application, the following common suffixes are used in remote commands:
68User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 69
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Introduction
Table 8-1: Common suffixes used in remote commands in the R&S FPS Phase Noise measurements
Suffix Value range Description
<m> 1 to 16 Marker
<n> 1 to 16 Window (in the currently selected channel)
<t> 1 to 4 Trace
<li> 1 to 8 Limit line
application
8.2 Introduction
Commands are program messages that a controller (e.g. a PC) sends to the instrument or software. They operate its functions ('setting commands' or 'events') and
request information ('query commands'). Some commands can only be used in one
way, others work in two ways (setting and query). If not indicated otherwise, the commands can be used for settings and queries.
The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and, in most cases, one or more
parameters. To use a command as a query, you have to append a question mark after
the last header element, even if the command contains a parameter.
A header contains one or more keywords, separated by a colon. Header and parameters are separated by a "white space" (ASCII code 0 to 9, 11 to 32 decimal, e.g. blank).
If there is more than one parameter for a command, these are separated by a comma
from one another.
Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI
commands are described here. For a more complete description, refer to the User
Manual of the R&S FPS.
Remote command examples
Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction may
not be supported by this particular application.
8.2.1 Conventions used in Descriptions
Note the following conventions used in the remote command descriptions:
●
Command usage
If not specified otherwise, commands can be used both for setting and for querying
parameters.
If a command can be used for setting or querying only, or if it initiates an event, the
usage is stated explicitly.
●
Parameter usage
If not specified otherwise, a parameter can be used to set a value and it is the
result of a query.
Parameters required only for setting are indicated as Setting parameters.
69User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 70
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Introduction
Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters.
Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return
values.
●
Conformity
Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI confirmed. All commands used by the R&S FPS follow the SCPI syntax rules.
●
Asynchronous commands
A command which does not automatically finish executing before the next command starts executing (overlapping command) is indicated as an Asynchronous
command.
●
Reset values (*RST)
Default parameter values that are used directly after resetting the instrument (*RST
command) are indicated as *RST values, if available.
●
Default unit
The default unit is used for numeric values if no other unit is provided with the
parameter.
●
Manual operation
If the result of a remote command can also be achieved in manual operation, a link
to the description is inserted.
8.2.2 Long and Short Form
The keywords have a long and a short form. You can use either the long or the short
form, but no other abbreviations of the keywords.
The short form is emphasized in upper case letters. Note however, that this emphasis
only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual. For
the instrument, the case does not matter.
Example:
SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer is the same as SENS:FREQ:CENT.
8.2.3 Numeric Suffixes
Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple
instances of an object. In that case, the suffix selects a particular instance (e.g. a measurement window).
Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets (<n>) next to the keyword.
If you don't quote a suffix for keywords that support one, a 1 is assumed.
Example:
DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe enables the zoom in a particular measurement window, selected by the suffix at WINDow.
DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON refers to window 4.
70User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 71
R&S®FPS-K40
8.2.4 Optional Keywords
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Introduction
Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compliance. You can include them in the header or not.
Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix,
you have to include the optional keyword. Otherwise, the suffix of the missing keyword
is assumed to be the value 1.
Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets.
Example:
Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer is the same as FREQuency:CENTer
With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword:
DISPlay[:WINDow<1...4>]:ZOOM:STATe
DISPlay:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 (no suffix).
DISPlay:WINDow4:ZOOM:STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4.
8.2.5 Alternative Keywords
A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword. You can use both keywords to the same effect.
Example:
[SENSe:]BANDwidth|BWIDth[:RESolution]
In the short form without optional keywords, BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect
as BWID 1MHZ.
8.2.6 SCPI Parameters
Many commands feature one or more parameters.
If a command supports more than one parameter, these are separated by a comma.
Example:
LAYout:ADD:WINDow Spectrum,LEFT,MTABle
Parameters may have different forms of values.
● Numeric Values.......................................................................................................72
● Boolean...................................................................................................................72
● Character Data........................................................................................................73
● Character Strings.................................................................................................... 73
● Block Data...............................................................................................................73
71User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 72
R&S®FPS-K40
8.2.6.1 Numeric Values
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Introduction
Numeric values can be entered in any form, i.e. with sign, decimal point or exponent. In
case of physical quantities, you can also add the unit. If the unit is missing, the command uses the basic unit.
Example:
With unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ
Without unit: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz.
Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down.
If the number you have entered is not supported (e.g. in case of discrete steps), the
command returns an error.
Instead of a number, you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special
cases.
●
MIN/MAX
Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported.
●
DEF
Defines the default value.
●
UP/DOWN
Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step. The step size depends on
the setting. In some cases you can customize the step size with a corresponding
command.
Querying numeric values
When you query numeric values, the system returns a number. In case of physical
quantities, it applies the basic unit (e.g. Hz in case of frequencies). The number of digits after the decimal point depends on the type of numeric value.
Example:
Setting: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer 1GHZ
Query: SENSe:FREQuency:CENTer? would return 1E9
In some cases, numeric values may be returned as text.
●
INF/NINF
Infinity or negative infinity. Represents the numeric values 9.9E37 or -9.9E37.
●
NAN
Not a number. Represents the numeric value 9.91E37. NAN is returned in case of
errors.
8.2.6.2 Boolean
Boolean parameters represent two states. The "ON" state (logically true) is represented by "ON" or a numeric value 1. The "OFF" state (logically untrue) is represented by
"OFF" or the numeric value 0.
72User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 73
R&S®FPS-K40
8.2.6.3 Character Data
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Introduction
Querying Boolean parameters
When you query Boolean parameters, the system returns either the value 1 ("ON") or
the value 0 ("OFF").
Example:
Setting: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe ON
Query: DISPlay:WINDow:ZOOM:STATe? would return 1
Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords. You can enter text using a short
or a long form. For more information see Chapter 8.2.2, "Long and Short Form",
on page 70.
Querying text parameters
When you query text parameters, the system returns its short form.
Example:
Setting: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE NORMal
Query: SENSe:BANDwidth:RESolution:TYPE? would return NORM
8.2.6.4 Character Strings
Strings are alphanumeric characters. They have to be in straight quotation marks. You
can use a single quotation mark ( ' ) or a double quotation mark ( " ).
Example:
INSTRument:DELete 'Spectrum'
8.2.6.5 Block Data
Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data.
The ASCII character # introduces the data block. The next number indicates how many
of the following digits describe the length of the data block. In the example the 4 following digits indicate the length to be 5168 bytes. The data bytes follow. During the transmission of these data bytes all end or other control signs are ignored until all bytes are
transmitted. #0 specifies a data block of indefinite length. The use of the indefinite format requires an NL^END message to terminate the data block. This format is useful
when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations
prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length.
73User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 74
R&S®FPS-K40
8.3 Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel
The following commands are necessary to control the measurement channel.
INSTrument:CREate:DUPLicate........................................................................................ 74
INSTrument:CREate[:NEW].............................................................................................. 74
INSTrument:CREate:REPLace..........................................................................................74
INSTrument:DELete......................................................................................................... 75
INSTrument:LIST?........................................................................................................... 75
INSTrument:REName.......................................................................................................76
INSTrument[:SELect]........................................................................................................77
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC]................................................................................... 77
INSTrument:CREate:DUPLicate
This command duplicates the currently selected channel, i.e creates a new channel of
the same type and with the identical measurement settings. The name of the new
channel is the same as the copied channel, extended by a consecutive number (e.g.
"IQAnalyzer" -> "IQAnalyzer 2").
The channel to be duplicated must be selected first using the INST:SEL command.
Example:
INST:SEL 'IQAnalyzer'
INST:CRE:DUPL
Duplicates the channel named 'IQAnalyzer' and creates a new
channel named 'IQAnalyzer2'.
Usage: Event
INSTrument:CREate[:NEW] <ChannelType>, <ChannelName>
This command adds an additional measurement channel. You can configure up to 10
measurement channels at the same time (depending on available memory).
Parameters:
<ChannelType> Channel type of the new channel.
For a list of available channel types see INSTrument:LIST?
on page 75.
<ChannelName> String containing the name of the channel.
Note that you can not assign an existing channel name to a new
channel; this will cause an error.
Example:
INST:CRE SAN, 'Spectrum 2'
Adds an additional spectrum display named "Spectrum 2".
INSTrument:CREate:REPLace <ChannelName1>,<ChannelType>,<ChannelName2>
This command replaces a channel with another one.
Setting parameters:
<ChannelName1> String containing the name of the channel you want to replace.
74User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 75
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel
<ChannelType> Channel type of the new channel.
For a list of available channel types see INSTrument:LIST?
on page 75.
<ChannelName2> String containing the name of the new channel.
Note: If the specified name for a new channel already exists, the
default name, extended by a sequential number, is used for the
new channel (see INSTrument:LIST? on page 75).
Channel names can have a maximum of 31 characters, and
must be compatible with the Windows conventions for file
names. In particular, they must not contain special characters
such as ":", "*", "?".
Example:
Usage: Setting only
INSTrument:DELete
This command deletes a channel.
If you delete the last channel, the default "Spectrum" channel is activated.
Setting parameters:
<ChannelName> String containing the name of the channel you want to delete.
Example:
Usage: Setting only
INSTrument:LIST?
This command queries all active channels. This is useful in order to obtain the names
of the existing channels, which are required in order to replace or delete the channels.
INST:CRE:REPL 'IQAnalyzer2',IQ,'IQAnalyzer'
Replaces the channel named "IQAnalyzer2" by a new channel of
type "IQ Analyzer" named "IQAnalyzer".
<ChannelName>
A channel must exist in order to be able delete it.
INST:DEL 'IQAnalyzer4'
Deletes the channel with the name 'IQAnalyzer4'.
Return values:
<ChannelType>,
<ChannelName>
Example:
Usage: Query only
For each channel, the command returns the channel type and
channel name (see tables below).
Tip: to change the channel name, use the INSTrument:
REName command.
INST:LIST?
Result for 3 channels:
'ADEM','Analog Demod','IQ','IQ
Analyzer','IQ','IQ Analyzer2'
75User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 76
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Controlling the Phase Noise Measurement Channel
Table 8-2: Available channel types and default channel names in Signal and Spectrum Analyzer mode
Application <ChannelType>
parameter
Spectrum SANALYZER Spectrum
1xEV-DO BTS (R&S FPS-K84) BDO 1xEV-DO BTS
1xEV-DO MS (R&S FPS-K85) MDO 1xEV-DO MS
3GPP FDD BTS (R&S FPS-K72) BWCD 3G FDD BTS
3GPP FDD UE (R&S FPS-K73) MWCD 3G FDD UE
Analog Modulation Analysis (R&S FPS-K7) ADEM Analog Demod
cdma2000 BTS (R&S FPS-K82) BC2K CDMA2000 BTS
cdma2000 MS (R&S FPS-K83) MC2K CDMA2000 MS
GSM (R&S FPS-K10) GSM GSM
I/Q Analyzer IQ IQ Analyzer
LTE (R&S FPS-K10x) LTE LTE
NB-IoT (R&S FPS-K106) NIOT NB-IoT
Noise (R&S FPS-K30) NOISE Noise
5G NR (R&S FPS-K144) NR5G 5G NR
Default Channel name*)
Phase Noise (R&S FPS-K40) PNOISE Phase Noise
TD-SCDMA BTS (R&S FPS-K76) BTDS TD-SCDMA BTS
TD-SCDMA UE (R&S FPS-K77) MTDS TD-SCDMA UE
Verizon 5GTF Measurement Application (V5GTF,
R&S FPS-K118)
VSA (R&S FPS-K70) DDEM VSA
WLAN (R&S FPS-K91) WLAN WLAN
*) If the specified name for a new channel already exists, the default name, extended by a sequential number, is used for the new channel.
V5GT V5GT
INSTrument:REName <ChannelName1>, <ChannelName2>
This command renames a channel.
Setting parameters:
<ChannelName1> String containing the name of the channel you want to rename.
<ChannelName2> String containing the new channel name.
Note that you cannot assign an existing channel name to a new
channel; this will cause an error.
Channel names can have a maximum of 31 characters, and
must be compatible with the Windows conventions for file
names. In particular, they must not contain special characters
such as ":", "*", "?".
76User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 77
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Performing Measurements
Example:
INST:REN 'IQAnalyzer2','IQAnalyzer3'
Renames the channel with the name 'IQAnalyzer2' to 'IQAnalyzer3'.
Usage: Setting only
INSTrument[:SELect] <Application>
Selects the measurement application (channel type) for the current channel.
See also INSTrument:CREate[:NEW] on page 74.
For a list of available channel types see INSTrument:LIST? on page 75.
Parameters:
<Application> PNOise
Phase noise measurements, R&S FPS–K40
SYSTem:PRESet:CHANnel[:EXEC]
This command restores the default instrument settings in the current channel.
Use INST:SEL to select the channel.
Example:
INST:SEL 'Spectrum2'
Selects the channel for "Spectrum2".
SYST:PRES:CHAN:EXEC
Restores the factory default settings to the "Spectrum2"channel.
Usage: Event
Manual operation: See "Preset Channel" on page 35
8.4 Performing Measurements
The following commands are necessary to perform measurements.
You can also perform a sequence of measurements using the Sequencer (see "Multi-
ple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function" on page 7).
ABORt............................................................................................................................ 78
CONFigure:REFMeas.......................................................................................................78
INITiate<n>:CONMeas..................................................................................................... 78
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous..................................................................................................79
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate]....................................................................................................79
INITiate:SEQuencer:ABORt.............................................................................................. 80
INITiate:SEQuencer:IMMediate......................................................................................... 80
INITiate:SEQuencer:MODE...............................................................................................80
[SENSe:]SWEep:FHDecade..............................................................................................81
SYSTem:SEQuencer........................................................................................................ 81
77User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 78
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Performing Measurements
ABORt
This command aborts the measurement in the current channel and resets the trigger
system.
To prevent overlapping execution of the subsequent command before the measurement has been aborted successfully, use the *OPC? or *WAI command after ABOR and
before the next command.
For details see the "Remote Basics" chapter in the R&S FPS User Manual.
Note on blocked remote control programs:
If a sequential command cannot be completed, for example because a triggered sweep
never receives a trigger, the remote control program will never finish and the remote
channel to the R&S FPS is blocked for further commands. In this case, you must interrupt processing on the remote channel first in order to abort the measurement.
To do so, send a "Device Clear" command from the control instrument to the R&S FPS
on a parallel channel to clear all currently active remote channels. Depending on the
used interface and protocol, send the following commands:
●
Visa: viClear()
Now you can send the ABORt command on the remote channel performing the measurement.
Example:
Example:
Usage: Event
CONFigure:REFMeas <arg0>
This command initiates a reference measurement that determines the inherent phase
noise of the R&S FPS.
Parameters:
<arg0> ONCE
Example:
ABOR;:INIT:IMM
Aborts the current measurement and immediately starts a new
one.
ABOR;*WAI
INIT:IMM
Aborts the current measurement and starts a new one once
abortion has been completed.
CONF:REFM ONCE
Initiates a reference measurement
Manual operation: See "Reference Measurement" on page 18
INITiate<n>:CONMeas
This command restarts a (single) measurement that has been stopped (using ABORt)
or finished in single sweep mode.
78User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 79
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Performing Measurements
The measurement is restarted at the beginning, not where the previous measurement
was stopped.
As opposed to INITiate<n>[:IMMediate], this command does not reset traces in
maxhold, minhold or average mode. Therefore it can be used to continue measurements using maxhold or averaging functions.
Suffix:
<n>
Manual operation: See " Continue Single Sweep " on page 44
INITiate<n>:CONTinuous
This command controls the sweep mode for an individual channel.
Note that in single sweep mode, you can synchronize to the end of the measurement
with *OPC, *OPC? or *WAI. In continuous sweep mode, synchronization to the end of
the measurement is not possible. Thus, it is not recommended that you use continuous
sweep mode in remote control, as results like trace data or markers are only valid after
a single sweep end synchronization.
For details on synchronization see the "Remote Basics" chapter in the R&S FPS User
Manual.
Suffix:
<n>
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
.
irrelevant
<State>
.
irrelevant
ON | 1
Continuous sweep
OFF | 0
Single sweep
*RST: 0
Example:
Manual operation: See " Continuous Sweep / Run Cont " on page 44
INITiate<n>[:IMMediate]
This command starts a (single) new measurement.
With sweep count or average count > 0, this means a restart of the corresponding
number of measurements. With trace mode MAXHold, MINHold and AVERage, the
previous results are reset on restarting the measurement.
You can synchronize to the end of the measurement with *OPC, *OPC? or *WAI.
INIT:CONT OFF
Switches the sweep mode to single sweep.
INIT:CONT ON
Switches the sweep mode to continuous sweep.
79User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 80
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Performing Measurements
For details on synchronization see the "Remote Basics" chapter in the R&S FPS User
Manual.
Suffix:
<n>
Manual operation: See " Single Sweep / Run Single " on page 44
INITiate:SEQuencer:ABORt
This command stops the currently active sequence of measurements.
You can start a new sequence any time using INITiate:SEQuencer:IMMediate
on page 80.
Usage:
INITiate:SEQuencer:IMMediate
This command starts a new sequence of measurements by the Sequencer.
Its effect is similar to the INITiate<n>[:IMMediate] command used for a single
measurement.
Before this command can be executed, the Sequencer must be activated (see
SYSTem:SEQuencer on page 81).
Example:
.
irrelevant
Event
SYST:SEQ ON
Activates the Sequencer.
INIT:SEQ:MODE SING
Sets single sequence mode so each active measurement will be
performed once.
INIT:SEQ:IMM
Starts the sequential measurements.
INITiate:SEQuencer:MODE <Mode>
Defines the capture mode for the entire measurement sequence and all measurement
groups and channels it contains.
Note: In order to synchronize to the end of a measurement sequence using *OPC,
*OPC? or *WAI you must use SINGle Sequence mode.
Parameters:
<Mode> SINGle
Each measurement group is started one after the other in the
order of definition. All measurement channels in a group are
started simultaneously and performed once. After all measurements are completed, the next group is started. After the last
group, the measurement sequence is finished.
80User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 81
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Performing Measurements
CONTinuous
Each measurement group is started one after the other in the
order of definition. All measurement channels in a group are
started simultaneously and performed once. After all measurements are completed, the next group is started. After the last
group, the measurement sequence restarts with the first one and
continues until it is stopped explicitely.
*RST: CONTinuous
[SENSe:]SWEep:FHDecade
This command stops the measurement in the current half decade and continues measuring in the subsequent half decade.
Example:
Manual operation: See "Finish Half Decade" on page 44
SYSTem:SEQuencer <State>
This command turns the Sequencer on and off. The Sequencer must be active before
any other Sequencer commands (INIT:SEQ...) are executed, otherwise an error will
occur.
A detailed programming example is provided in the "Operating Modes" chapter in the
R&S FPS User Manual.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
SWE:FHD
Aborts the current measurement and continues in the next half
decade.
ON | 1
The Sequencer is activated and a sequential measurement is
started immediately.
OFF | 0
The Sequencer is deactivated. Any running sequential measurements are stopped. Further Sequencer commands
(INIT:SEQ...) are not available.
*RST: 0
Example:
SYST:SEQ ON
Activates the Sequencer.
INIT:SEQ:MODE SING
Sets single Sequencer mode so each active measurement will
be performed once.
INIT:SEQ:IMM
Starts the sequential measurements.
SYST:SEQ OFF
81User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 82
R&S®FPS-K40
8.5 Configuring the Result Display
8.5.1 General Window Commands
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Result Display
The commands required to configure the screen display in a remote environment are
described here.
● General Window Commands.................................................................................. 82
● Working with Windows in the Display..................................................................... 83
The following commands are required to configure general window layout, independent
of the application.
DISPlay:FORMat............................................................................................................. 82
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SIZE............................................................................................. 82
DISPlay:FORMat <Format>
This command determines which tab is displayed.
Parameters:
<Format> SPLit
Displays the MultiView tab with an overview of all active channels
SINGle
Displays the measurement channel that was previously focused.
*RST: SING
Example:
DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SIZE <Size>
This command maximizes the size of the selected result display window temporarily.
To change the size of several windows on the screen permanently, use the LAY:SPL
command (see LAYout:SPLitter on page 85).
Suffix:
<n>
Parameters:
<Size> LARGe
DISP:FORM SPL
.
Window
Maximizes the selected window to full screen.
Other windows are still active in the background.
SMALl
Reduces the size of the selected window to its original size.
If more than one measurement window was displayed originally,
these are visible again.
*RST: SMALl
Example:
DISP:WIND2:SIZE LARG
82User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 83
R&S®FPS-K40
8.5.2 Working with Windows in the Display
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Result Display
The following commands are required to change the evaluation type and rearrange the
screen layout for a channel as you do using the SmartGrid in manual operation. Since
the available evaluation types depend on the selected application, some parameters
for the following commands also depend on the selected channel.
Note that the suffix <n> always refers to the window in the currently selected channel.
LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]?................................................................................................... 83
LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]?.............................................................................................. 84
LAYout:IDENtify[:WINDow]?.............................................................................................. 84
LAYout:REMove[:WINDow]............................................................................................... 85
LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow].............................................................................................. 85
LAYout:SPLitter................................................................................................................85
LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD?............................................................................................... 87
LAYout:WINDow<n>:IDENtify?.......................................................................................... 87
LAYout:WINDow<n>:REMove............................................................................................88
LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace.......................................................................................... 88
LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? <WindowName>,<Direction>,<WindowType>
This command adds a window to the display in the active channel.
This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of
the new window as a result.
To replace an existing window, use the LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] command.
Query parameters:
<WindowName> String containing the name of the existing window the new win-
dow is inserted next to.
By default, the name of a window is the same as its index. To
determine the name and index of all active windows, use the
LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]? query.
<Direction> LEFT | RIGHt | ABOVe | BELow
Direction the new window is added relative to the existing window.
<WindowType> text value
Type of result display (evaluation method) you want to add.
See the table below for available parameter values.
Return values:
<NewWindowName> When adding a new window, the command returns its name (by
default the same as its number) as a result.
Example:
LAY:ADD? '1',LEFT,MTAB
Result:
'2'
Adds a new window named '2' with a marker table to the left of
window 1.
83User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 84
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Result Display
Usage: Query only
Table 8-3: <WindowType> parameter values for Phase Noise application
Parameter value Window type
FDRift Frequency drift
MTABle Marker table
PNOise Phase noise diagram
RNOise Residual noise table
SNOise Spot noise table
SPECtrum Spectrum monitor
SPURs Spur list
SRESults Sweep result list
STABility Frequency and level stability indicator
LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]?
This command queries the name and index of all active windows in the active channel
from top left to bottom right. The result is a comma-separated list of values for each
window, with the syntax:
<WindowName_1>,<WindowIndex_1>..<WindowName_n>,<WindowIndex_n>
Return values:
<WindowName> string
Name of the window.
In the default state, the name of the window is its index.
<WindowIndex> numeric value
Index of the window.
Example:
LAY:CAT?
Result:
'2',2,'1',1
Two windows are displayed, named '2' (at the top or left), and '1'
(at the bottom or right).
Usage: Query only
LAYout:IDENtify[:WINDow]? <WindowName>
This command queries the index of a particular display window in the active channel.
Note: to query the name of a particular window, use the LAYout:WINDow<n>:
IDENtify? query.
Query parameters:
<WindowName> String containing the name of a window.
84User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 85
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Result Display
Return values:
<WindowIndex> Index number of the window.
Example:
Usage: Query only
LAYout:REMove[:WINDow] <WindowName>
This command removes a window from the display in the active channel.
Setting parameters:
<WindowName> String containing the name of the window. In the default state,
Example:
Usage: Setting only
LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] <WindowName>,<WindowType>
This command replaces the window type (for example from "Diagram" to "Result Summary") of an already existing window in the active channel while keeping its position,
index and window name.
LAY:WIND:IDEN? '2'
Queries the index of the result display named '2'.
Response:
2
the name of the window is its index.
LAY:REM '2'
Removes the result display in the window named '2'.
To add a new window, use the LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? command.
Setting parameters:
<WindowName> String containing the name of the existing window.
By default, the name of a window is the same as its index. To
determine the name and index of all active windows in the active
channel, use the LAYout:CATalog[:WINDow]? query.
<WindowType> Type of result display you want to use in the existing window.
See LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 83 for a list of available
window types.
Example:
Usage: Setting only
LAYout:SPLitter <Index1>, <Index2>, <Position>
This command changes the position of a splitter and thus controls the size of the windows on each side of the splitter.
Compared to the DISPlay[:WINDow<n>]:SIZE on page 82 command, the
LAYout:SPLitter changes the size of all windows to either side of the splitter permanently, it does not just maximize a single window temporarily.
LAY:REPL:WIND '1',MTAB
Replaces the result display in window 1 with a marker table.
85User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 86
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Result Display
Note that windows must have a certain minimum size. If the position you define conflicts with the minimum size of any of the affected windows, the command will not work,
but does not return an error.
Figure 8-1: SmartGrid coordinates for remote control of the splitters
Setting parameters:
<Index1> The index of one window the splitter controls.
<Index2> The index of a window on the other side of the splitter.
<Position> New vertical or horizontal position of the splitter as a fraction of
the screen area (without channel and status bar and softkey
menu).
The point of origin (x = 0, y = 0) is in the lower left corner of the
screen. The end point (x = 100, y = 100) is in the upper right corner of the screen. (See Figure 8-1.)
The direction in which the splitter is moved depends on the
screen layout. If the windows are positioned horizontally, the
splitter also moves horizontally. If the windows are positioned
vertically, the splitter also moves vertically.
Range: 0 to 100
Example:
LAY:SPL 1,3,50
Moves the splitter between window 1 ('Frequency Sweep') and 3
('Marker Table') to the center (50%) of the screen, i.e. in the figure above, to the left.
86User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 87
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Result Display
Example:
Usage: Setting only
LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD?
This command adds a measurement window to the display. Note that with this command, the suffix <n> determines the existing window next to which the new window is
added, as opposed to LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]?, for which the existing window is
defined by a parameter.
To replace an existing window, use the LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace command.
This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of
the new window as a result.
Suffix:
<n>
LAY:SPL 1,4,70
Moves the splitter between window 1 ('Frequency Sweep') and 3
('Marker Peak List') towards the top (70%) of the screen.
The following commands have the exact same effect, as any
combination of windows above and below the splitter moves the
splitter vertically.
LAY:SPL 3,2,70
LAY:SPL 4,1,70
LAY:SPL 2,1,70
<Direction>,<WindowType>
.
Window
Query parameters:
<Direction> LEFT | RIGHt | ABOVe | BELow
<WindowType> Type of measurement window you want to add.
See LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 83 for a list of available
window types.
Return values:
<NewWindowName> When adding a new window, the command returns its name (by
default the same as its number) as a result.
Example:
Usage: Query only
LAYout:WINDow<n>:IDENtify?
This command queries the name of a particular display window (indicated by the <n>
suffix) in the active channel.
Note: to query the index of a particular window, use the LAYout:IDENtify[:
WINDow]? command.
LAY:WIND1:ADD? LEFT,MTAB
Result:
'2'
Adds a new window named '2' with a marker table to the left of
window 1.
87User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 88
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Result Display
Suffix:
<n>
Return values:
<WindowName> String containing the name of a window.
Example:
Usage: Query only
LAYout:WINDow<n>:REMove
This command removes the window specified by the suffix <n> from the display in the
active channel.
The result of this command is identical to the LAYout:REMove[:WINDow] command.
Suffix:
<n>
Example:
.
Window
In the default state, the name of the window is its index.
LAY:WIND2:IDEN?
Queries the name of the result display in window 2.
Response:
'2'
.
Window
LAY:WIND2:REM
Removes the result display in window 2.
Usage: Event
LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace <WindowType>
This command changes the window type of an existing window (specified by the suffix
<n>) in the active channel.
The effect of this command is identical to the LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] command.
To add a new window, use the LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD? command.
Suffix:
<n>
Setting parameters:
<WindowType> Type of measurement window you want to replace another one
Example:
Usage: Setting only
.
Window
with.
See LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 83 for a list of available
window types.
LAY:WIND2:REPL MTAB
Replaces the result display in window 2 with a marker table.
88User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 89
R&S®FPS-K40
8.6 Configuring the Frontend
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Frontend
The following commands are necessary to configure the frontend settings.
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer........................................................................................... 89
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel...................................................................................................89
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation.....................................................................................................89
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO...........................................................................................90
INPut:GAIN:STATe........................................................................................................... 90
[SENSe:]FREQuency:CENTer <Frequency>
This command defines the nominal frequency.
Parameters:
<Frequency> Range: 0 to fmax
*RST: fmax/2
Default unit: HZ
f
is specified in the data sheet. min span is 10 Hz
max
Example:
FREQ:CENT 100 MHz
Defines a nominal frequency of 100 MHz.
Manual operation: See "Nominal Frequency" on page 36
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel <Power>
This command defines the nominal level.
Parameters:
<Power> Range: -200 to 200
*RST: 0
Default unit: DBM
Example:
POW:RLEV -20
Defines a nominal level of -20 dBm.
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation <Attenuation>
This command defines the total attenuation for RF input.
If you set the attenuation manually, it is no longer coupled to the reference level, but
the reference level is coupled to the attenuation. Thus, if the current reference level is
not compatible with an attenuation that has been set manually, the command also
adjusts the reference level.
Suffix:
<ip>
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
89User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 90
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Frontend
Parameters:
<Attenuation> Range: see data sheet
Increment: 5 dB (with optional electr. attenuator: 1 dB)
*RST: 10 dB (AUTO is set to ON)
Default unit: DB
Example:
Manual operation: See "Mechanical Attenuator / Value" on page 36
INPut<ip>:ATTenuation:AUTO
This command couples or decouples the attenuation to the reference level. Thus, when
the reference level is changed, the R&S FPS determines the signal level for optimal
internal data processing and sets the required attenuation accordingly.
Suffix:
<ip>
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
Example:
Manual operation: See "Mechanical Attenuator / Value" on page 36
INP:ATT 30dB
Defines a 30 dB attenuation and decouples the attenuation from
the reference level.
<State>
.
1 | 2
irrelevant
*RST: 1
INP:ATT:AUTO ON
Couples the attenuation to the reference level.
INPut:GAIN:STATe <State>
This command turns the preamplifier on and off.
If activated, the input signal is amplified by 20 dB.
If option R&S FPS-B22 is installed, the preamplifier is only active below 7 GHz.
If option R&S FPS-B24 is installed, the preamplifier is active for all frequencies.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 0 | 1
OFF | 0
Switches the function off
ON | 1
Switches the function on
Example:
Manual operation: See "Preamplifier (option B22/B24)" on page 37
INP:GAIN:STAT ON
Switches on 20 dB preamplification.
90User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 91
R&S®FPS-K40
8.7 Controlling the Measurement
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Controlling the Measurement
The following commands are necessary to control the sequence of the phase noise
measurement.
[SENSe:]FREQuency:TRACk............................................................................................91
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance:ABSolute.............................................................91
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance[:RELative]............................................................91
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify[:STATe].................................................................................92
[SENSe:]IQ:DECimation................................................................................................... 92
[SENSe:]IQ:DPLL.............................................................................................................92
[SENSe:]IQ:TBW............................................................................................................. 93
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify:TOLerance....................................................................... 93
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify[:STATe]............................................................................93
[SENSe:]POWer:TRACk...................................................................................................93
[SENSe:]REJect:AM.........................................................................................................94
[SENSe:]SWEep:SVFailed................................................................................................94
[SENSe:]FREQuency:TRACk <State>
This command turns frequency tracking on and off.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 1 | 0
*RST: 1
Example:
FREQ:TRAC OFF
Turns off frequency tracking.
Manual operation: See "Frequency Tracking" on page 38
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance:ABSolute <Frequency>
This command defines an absolute frequency tolerance for frequency verification.
If you define both an absolute and relative tolerance, the application uses the higher
tolerance level.
Parameters:
<Frequency> Numeric value in Hz.
Default unit: HZ
Example:
FREQ:VER:TOL:ABS 100kHz
Defines a frequency tolerance range of 100 kHz.
Manual operation: See "Verify Frequency" on page 38
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify:TOLerance[:RELative] <Percentage>
This command defines a relative frequency tolerance for frequency verification.
91User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 92
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Controlling the Measurement
If you define both an absolute and relative tolerance, the application uses the higher
tolerance level.
Parameters:
<Percentage> Numeric value in %, relative to the current nominal frequency.
Range: 1 to 100
*RST: 10
Default unit: PCT
Example:
Manual operation: See "Verify Frequency" on page 38
[SENSe:]FREQuency:VERify[:STATe] <State>
This command turns frequency verification on and off.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 1 | 0
Example:
Manual operation: See "Verify Frequency" on page 38
[SENSe:]IQ:DECimation <State>
This command turns decimation of results on and off.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 1 | 0
FREQ:VER:TOL:REL 12
Defines a frequency tolerance of 12% in relation to the nominal
frequency.
*RST: 1
FREQ:VER ON
Turns on frequency verification.
*RST: 1
Example:
Manual operation: See "Decimation" on page 39
[SENSe:]IQ:DPLL <State>
This command turns the digital PLL on and off.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 1 | 0
Example:
Manual operation: See "Digital PLL" on page 39
IQ:DEC ON
Turns on decimation.
IQ:DPLL ON
Turns the digital PLL on.
92User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 93
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Controlling the Measurement
[SENSe:]IQ:TBW <Bandwidth>
This command defines the maximum tracking bandwidth (sample rate) for all half decades.
Parameters:
<Bandwidth> Range: 60 mHz to 65.28 MHz
Increment: 10 mHz
*RST: 60 mHz
Default unit: HZ
Example:
Manual operation: See "Max Freq Drift" on page 39
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify:TOLerance
This command defines a relative level tolerance for level verification
Parameters:
<Level> Numeric value in dB, relative to the nominal level.
Example:
Manual operation: See "Verify Level" on page 38
[SENSe:]POWer:RLEVel:VERify[:STATe] <State>
This command turns level verification on and off.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 1 | 0
IQ:TBW 100HZ
Defines a tracking bandwidth of 100 Hz.
<Level>
*RST: 10 dB
Default unit: DB
POW:RLEV:TOL 5
Defines a level tolerance of 5 dB.
*RST: 1
Example:
Manual operation: See "Nominal Level" on page 36
[SENSe:]POWer:TRACk <State>
Parameters:
<State>
POW:RLEV:VER ON
Turns on level verification.
See "Verify Level" on page 38
See "Level Tracking" on page 39
93User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 94
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Measurement Range
[SENSe:]REJect:AM <State>
This command turns the suppression of AM noise on and off.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 1 | 0
Example:
REJ:AM ON
Turns AM noise suppression on.
Manual operation: See "AM Rejection" on page 39
[SENSe:]SWEep:SVFailed <State>
This command turns repeated tries to start the measurement if signal verification fails
on and off.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | AUTO
If on, the application tries to verify the signal once and then
aborts the measurement if verification has failed.
*RST: 0
Example:
SWE:SVF ON
Stops the measurement if signal verification has failed.
Manual operation: See "On Verify Failed" on page 38
8.8 Configuring the Measurement Range
The following commands are necessary to configure the phase noise measurement
range.
Table 8-4: <range> suffix assignment
Suffix Half Decade
1 1 Hz ... 3 Hz
2 3 Hz ... 10 Hz
3 10 Hz ... 30 Hz
4 30 Hz ... 100 Hz
5 100 Hz ... 300 Hz
6 300 Hz ... 1 kHz
7 1 kHz ... 3 kHz
8 3 kHz ... 10 kHz
9 10 kHz ... 30 kHz
10 30 kHz ... 100 kHz
94User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 95
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Measurement Range
Suffix Half Decade
11 100 kHz ... 300 kHz
12 300 kHz ... 1 MHz
13 1 MHz ... 3 MHz
14 3 MHz ... 10 MHz
15 10 MHz ... 30 MHz
16 30 MHz ... 100 MHz
17 100 MHz ... 300 MHz
18 300 MHz ... 1 GHz
19 1 GHz ... 3 GHz
20 3 GHz ... 10 GHz
21 30 GHz ... 100 GHz
22 100 GHz ... 300 GHz
[SENSe:]LIST:BWIDth[:RESolution]:RATio..........................................................................95
[SENSe:]FREQuency:STARt.............................................................................................96
[SENSe:]FREQuency:STOP..............................................................................................96
[SENSe:]LIST:BWIDth[:RESolution]:TYPE.......................................................................... 96
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:BWIDth[:RESolution]........................................................... 97
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:FILTer:TYPE....................................................................... 97
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:IQWindow:TYPE................................................................. 97
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:SWEep:COUNt................................................................... 98
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt........................................................................................... 98
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt:MULTiplier...........................................................................99
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt:MULTiplier:STATe.................................................................99
[SENSe:]SWEep:FORWard...............................................................................................99
[SENSe:]SWEep:MODE................................................................................................. 100
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt.................................................................................................100
[SENSe:]LIST:BWIDth[:RESolution]:RATio <Ratio>
This command defines the resolution bandwidth over all half decades.
Parameters:
<Ratio> Numeric value in %.
The resulting RBW is the percentage of the start frequency of
each half decade.
If the resulting RBW is not available, the application rounds to
the next available bandwidth.
Range: 1 to 100
*RST: 10
Default unit: PCT
95User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 96
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Measurement Range
Example:
[SENSe:]FREQuency:STARt <Frequency>
This command defines the start frequency of the measurement range.
Parameters:
<Frequency> Offset frequencies in half decade steps.
Example:
Manual operation: See "Range Start / Stop" on page 40
[SENSe:]FREQuency:STOP
This command defines the stop frequency of the measurement range.
Parameters:
<Frequency> Offset frequencies in half decade steps.
LIST:BWID:RAT 20
Defines a RBW of 20% of the start frequency of the corresponding half decade.
Range: 1 Hz to 100 GHz
*RST: 1 kHz
Default unit: HZ
FREQ:STAR 10kHz
Defines a start frequency of 10 kHz.
<Frequency>
Range: 3 Hz to 30 GHz
*RST: 1 MHz
Default unit: HZ
Example:
Manual operation: See "Range Start / Stop" on page 40
[SENSe:]LIST:BWIDth[:RESolution]:TYPE <Mode>
This command selects the sweep mode for all half decades.
Parameters:
<Mode> NORMal | FFT | IQFFt
Example:
Manual operation: See "Global Sweep Mode" on page 42
FREQ:STOP 10MHz
Defines a stop frequency of 10 MHz.
NORMal
Measurement based on spectrum analyzer data.
FFT
Measurement based on spectrum analyzer data. Kept for compatibility to R&S FSV.
*RST: Depends on half decade
LIST:BWID:RES:TYPE IQFF
Selects I/Q analysis mode for all half decades.
96User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 97
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Measurement Range
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:BWIDth[:RESolution] <RBW>
This command defines the resolution bandwidth for a particular half decade.
Suffix:
<range>
Parameters:
<RBW> Note that each half decade has a limited range of available
Example:
Manual operation: See "Global RBW" on page 41
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:FILTer:TYPE <Mode>
This command selects the sweep mode for a particular half decade.
Suffix:
<range>
.
1..n
Selects the half decade.
For the suffix assignment see Table 8-4.
bandwidths.
*RST: Depends on the half decade
Default unit: HZ
LIST:RANG9:BWID 100Hz
Selects a RBW of 100 Hz for the half decade from 1 kHz to 3
kHz.
See "Half Decades Configuration Table" on page 43
.
1..n
Selects the half decade.
For the suffix assignment see Table 8-4.
Parameters:
<Mode> NORMal
Measurement based on spectrum analyzer data.
FFT
Measurement based on spectrum analyzer data. Kept for compatibility to R&S FSV.
IQFFt
Measurement based on I/Q data.
*RST: Depends on half decade
Example:
Manual operation: See "Half Decades Configuration Table" on page 43
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:IQWindow:TYPE <WindowFunction>
This command selects the window function for a particular half decade.
Window functions are available for I/Q sweep mode.
LIST:RANG9:FILT:TYPE FFT
Selects FFT analysis for the ninth half decade.
97User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 98
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Measurement Range
Suffix:
<range>
Parameters:
<WindowFunction> RECTangular | GAUSsian | CHEByshev | BHARris | SWEPt
Example:
Manual operation: See "Global I/Q Window" on page 42
[SENSe:]LIST:RANGe<range>:SWEep:COUNt
This command defines the number of measurements included in the averaging for a
half decade.
Suffix:
<range>
.
1..n
Selects the half decade.
For the suffix assignment see Table 8-4.
*RST: Depends on the half decade
LIST:RANG:IQW:TYPE BHAR
Selects the Blackman Harris window function for the first half
decade.
See "Half Decades Configuration Table" on page 43
<Measurements>
.
1..n
Selects the half decade.
For the suffix assignment see Table 8-4.
Parameters:
<Measurements> Range: 1 to 10000
*RST: Depends on the half decade
Example:
Manual operation: See "Half Decades Configuration Table" on page 43
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt <Averages>
This command defines the number of measurements to be included in the averaging
for each and all half decades.
Parameters:
<Averages> Range: 1 to 10000
Example:
Manual operation: See "Global Average Count" on page 41
LIST:RANG9:SWE:COUN 15
Includes 15 measurements in the averaging of the ninth half
decade.
*RST: Depends on the half decade.
LIST:SWE:COUN 20
Defines 20 averages for all half decades.
98User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 99
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Configuring the Measurement Range
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt:MULTiplier <Multiplier>
This command defines a multiplier that is applied to the average count in each half
decade.
Before you can use the command you have to turn on the multiplier with [SENSe:
]LIST:SWEep:COUNt:MULTiplier.
Parameters:
<Multiplier>
Example:
Manual operation: See "Multiplier" on page 42
[SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt:MULTiplier:STATe <State>
This command turns a multiplier that is applied to the average count in each half decade on and off.
Parameters:
<State> ON | OFF | 1 | 0
Example: See [SENSe:]LIST:SWEep:COUNt:MULTiplier:STATe
Manual operation: See "Multiplier" on page 42
[SENSe:]SWEep:FORWard <State>
This command selects the measurement direction.
LIST:SWE:COUN:MULT:STAT ON
LIST:SWE:COUN:MULT 5
Turns on the multiplier and multiplies the averages by 5.
*RST: 0
on page 99.
Specifies the sweep direction. When switched on the sweep direction is from the start
frequency to the stop frequency. When switched off the sweep direction is reversed
Parameters:
<State> ON | 1
Measurements in forward direction.
The measurements starts at the smallest offset frequency.
OFF | 0
Measurement in reverse direction.
The measurement starts at the highest offset frequency.
*RST: 0
Example:
Manual operation: See "Sweep Forward" on page 41
SWE:FORW ON
Selects forward measurements.
99User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Page 100
R&S®FPS-K40
Remote Control Commands for Phase Noise Measurements
Using Limit Lines
[SENSe:]SWEep:MODE <Mode>
This command selects the type of measurement configuration.
Parameters:
<Mode> AVERage
Selects a measurement configuration optimized for quality
results.
FAST
Selects a measurement configuration optimized for speed.
NORMal
Selects a balanced measurement configuration.
*RST: NORMal
Manual operation: See "Presets" on page 41
[SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt
This command defines the number of sweeps that the application uses to average
traces.
In continuous sweep mode, the application calculates the moving average over the
average count.
In single sweep mode, the application stops the measurement and calculates the average after the average count has been reached.
Parameters:
<SweepCount> If you set a sweep count of 0 or 1, the R&S FPS performs one
Example:
Manual operation: See " Sweep/Average Count " on page 44
<SweepCount>
single sweep.
Range: 0 to 200000
*RST: 200
SWE:COUN 64
Sets the number of sweeps to 64.
INIT:CONT OFF
Switches to single sweep mode.
INIT;*WAI
Starts a sweep and waits for its end.
8.9 Using Limit Lines
The following commands are necessary to set up and configure limit lines.
● Using Phase Noise Limit Lines............................................................................. 101
● Using Standard Limit Lines................................................................................... 103
● Creating and Editing Standard Limit Lines............................................................108
100User Manual 1176.8500.02 ─ 03
Loading...