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R&S®ESW
EMI Test Receiver
User Manual
(;ÛÌð2)
1177629802
Version 14
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This manual describes the following R&S®ESW models:
●
R&S®ESW8 (1328.4100K08)
●
R&S®ESW8 (1328.4100K09)
●
R&S®ESW26 (1328.4100K26)
●
R&S®ESW26 (1328.4100K27)
●
R&S®ESW44 (1328.4100K44)
●
R&S®ESW44 (1328.4100K45)
The contents of this manual correspond to firmware version 2.20 and higher.
© 2022 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Muenchen, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1177.6298.02 | Version 14 | R&S®ESW
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g. R&S®ESW is indicated as
R&S ESW.
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Contents
Contents
1 Preface.................................................................................................. 15
1.1 About This Manual...................................................................................................... 15
1.2 Conventions used in the documentation..................................................................16
1.2.1 Typographical conventions............................................................................................16
1.2.2 Conventions for procedure descriptions........................................................................16
1.2.3 Notes on screenshots................................................................................................... 16
2 Safety and regulatory information......................................................18
2.1 Safety instructions......................................................................................................18
2.2 Warning messages in the documentation................................................................ 21
2.3 Korea certification class B......................................................................................... 21
3 Documentation overview.....................................................................22
3.1 Getting started manual............................................................................................... 22
3.2 User manuals and help...............................................................................................22
3.3 Service manual............................................................................................................22
3.4 Instrument security procedures................................................................................ 23
3.5 Basic safety instructions............................................................................................23
3.6 Data sheets and brochures........................................................................................ 23
3.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA).......................................23
3.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc......................................... 23
4 Preparing for use................................................................................. 24
4.1 Lifting and carrying.....................................................................................................24
4.2 Unpacking and checking............................................................................................24
4.3 Choosing the operating site.......................................................................................24
4.4 Setting up the product................................................................................................25
4.4.1 Placing the product on a bench top...............................................................................25
4.4.2 Mounting the R&S ESW in a rack................................................................................. 26
4.5 Connecting the AC power.......................................................................................... 27
4.6 Switching the instrument on and off.........................................................................27
4.7 Connecting to LAN......................................................................................................28
4.8 Connecting a keyboard.............................................................................................. 29
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Contents
4.9 Connecting an external monitor................................................................................ 30
4.10 Windows operating system........................................................................................31
4.11 Logging on...................................................................................................................33
4.12 Checking the supplied options..................................................................................34
4.13 Performing a self-alignment.......................................................................................34
4.14 Considerations for test setup.................................................................................... 35
4.15 Protecting data using the secure user mode........................................................... 36
5 Instrument tour.....................................................................................39
5.1 The front panel............................................................................................................ 39
5.1.1 Display (touchscreen)................................................................................................... 40
5.1.2 Power key..................................................................................................................... 41
5.1.3 System control keys...................................................................................................... 41
5.1.4 USB ports......................................................................................................................41
5.1.5 Probe power connector (3 and 5 pins).......................................................................... 42
5.1.6 Headphone jack and volume control.............................................................................42
5.1.7 Fast access knobs........................................................................................................ 42
5.1.8 RF inputs (50 Ω)............................................................................................................42
5.1.9 Trigger input and output................................................................................................ 43
5.1.10 Navigation controls........................................................................................................43
5.1.11 Keypad.......................................................................................................................... 45
5.1.12 The function keys.......................................................................................................... 45
5.2 The rear panel..............................................................................................................47
5.2.1 Removable hard disk.................................................................................................... 48
5.2.2 AC power supply connection and main power switch................................................... 48
5.2.3 Display port and DVI..................................................................................................... 48
5.2.4 LAN connector.............................................................................................................. 49
5.2.5 USB ports......................................................................................................................49
5.2.6 IF / video / demod output.............................................................................................. 49
5.2.7 Sync trigger input and output........................................................................................ 49
5.2.8 GPIB interface...............................................................................................................49
5.2.9 Aux. port........................................................................................................................50
5.2.10 External generator control option (R&S ESW-B10).......................................................50
5.2.11 OCXO (optional)............................................................................................................50
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5.2.12 REF INPUT / REF OUTPUT......................................................................................... 50
5.2.13 Labels on R&S ESW..................................................................................................... 51
5.2.14 Device ID.......................................................................................................................51
Contents
6 Operating the instrument.................................................................... 53
6.1 Understanding the display information.................................................................... 53
6.1.1 Channel bar...................................................................................................................54
6.1.2 Window title bar.............................................................................................................56
6.1.3 Marker information........................................................................................................ 57
6.1.4 Frequency and span information in diagram footer.......................................................58
6.1.5 Instrument and status information.................................................................................58
6.1.6 Error information........................................................................................................... 59
6.2 Accessing functions................................................................................................... 60
6.2.1 Toolbar.......................................................................................................................... 61
6.2.2 Softkeys........................................................................................................................ 62
6.2.3 Context menus.............................................................................................................. 63
6.2.4 On-screen keyboard......................................................................................................63
6.3 Changing the focus.....................................................................................................64
6.4 Entering data............................................................................................................... 64
6.4.1 Entering numeric parameters........................................................................................65
6.4.2 Entering alphanumeric parameters............................................................................... 65
6.5 Touchscreen gestures................................................................................................ 67
6.6 Displaying results....................................................................................................... 70
6.6.1 Activating and deactivating channels............................................................................ 70
6.6.2 Laying out the result display with the smartgrid............................................................ 72
6.6.3 Changing the size of windows.......................................................................................76
6.6.4 Switching between a split and maximized window display........................................... 77
6.6.5 Changing the display.....................................................................................................77
6.7 Getting help................................................................................................................. 77
6.8 Remote control............................................................................................................78
6.8.1 Remote desktop connection..........................................................................................79
6.8.2 Connecting a PC via the GPIB interface....................................................................... 79
7 Applications..........................................................................................80
7.1 R&S multiview............................................................................................................. 80
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Contents
7.2 Available Applications................................................................................................81
7.3 Starting an Application...............................................................................................83
7.4 Running a sequence of measurements.................................................................... 84
7.4.1 The sequencer concept.................................................................................................84
7.4.2 Sequencer settings....................................................................................................... 87
7.4.3 How to set up the sequencer........................................................................................ 87
8 Measurements and result displays.................................................... 89
8.1 Performing measurements.........................................................................................89
8.2 Bargraph configuration.............................................................................................. 91
8.3 Test automation...........................................................................................................96
8.3.1 Background information................................................................................................ 96
8.3.2 Selecting a test sequence........................................................................................... 106
8.3.3 Performing a scan....................................................................................................... 109
8.3.4 Performing a peak search........................................................................................... 118
8.3.5 Performing final measurements.................................................................................. 125
8.3.6 Configuring line impedance stabilization networks (LISN).......................................... 131
8.4 CISPR APD Measurements...................................................................................... 134
9 Common measurement settings...................................................... 137
9.1 Using the fast access knobs....................................................................................137
9.2 Using the fast access panel..................................................................................... 140
9.3 Using the user port panel.........................................................................................142
9.4 The Notes Display..................................................................................................... 143
9.5 Configuration overview............................................................................................ 144
9.6 Data input and output............................................................................................... 145
9.6.1 Configuring the input................................................................................................... 146
9.6.2 Configuring the preselector......................................................................................... 147
9.6.3 Optional external mixers............................................................................................. 149
9.6.4 External generator.......................................................................................................171
9.6.5 Configuring outputs (IF / video / demodulation).......................................................... 184
9.6.6 Configuring LISNs....................................................................................................... 188
9.6.7 Configuring additional outputs.....................................................................................188
9.7 Amplitude and vertical axis configuration..............................................................191
9.7.1 Increasing measurement sensitivity (or avoiding an input mixer overload).................191
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9.10.1 Basics on triggered measurements.............................................................................206
9.10.2 Triggering measurements........................................................................................... 209
Contents
9.7.2 Amplitude settings.......................................................................................................194
9.7.3 Diagram scale............................................................................................................. 196
9.7.4 Preselector.................................................................................................................. 197
9.8 Frequency and span configuration......................................................................... 197
9.8.1 Impact of the frequency and span settings................................................................. 197
9.8.2 Frequency and span settings...................................................................................... 200
9.9 Bandwidth and Filter Configuration........................................................................ 204
9.9.1 Impact of Bandwidth and Filter Settings......................................................................205
9.9.2 Bandwidth and Filter Settings..................................................................................... 205
9.10 Trigger configuration................................................................................................206
10 Common analysis and display functions........................................ 213
10.1 Result display configuration....................................................................................213
10.1.1 Basic evaluation methods........................................................................................... 213
10.1.2 Laying out the result display with the smartgrid.......................................................... 214
10.2 Zoomed displays.......................................................................................................218
10.2.1 Zoom functions............................................................................................................219
10.2.2 How to zoom into the diagram in receiver mode.........................................................221
10.3 Trace configuration...................................................................................................222
10.3.1 Basics on traces..........................................................................................................222
10.3.2 Trace configuration......................................................................................................234
10.3.3 Trace export................................................................................................................ 235
10.3.4 Copying traces............................................................................................................ 237
10.3.5 Trace mathematics......................................................................................................237
10.3.6 Spectrogram settings.................................................................................................. 239
10.3.7 How to configure traces.............................................................................................. 243
10.3.8 References..................................................................................................................248
10.4 Marker usage............................................................................................................. 250
10.4.1 Basics on markers.......................................................................................................251
10.4.2 Marker settings............................................................................................................255
10.4.3 Marker search settings and positioning functions....................................................... 259
10.5 Display and limit lines.............................................................................................. 264
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10.5.1 Display lines................................................................................................................ 264
10.5.2 Limit lines.................................................................................................................... 266
11.3.1 Quick save/quick recall............................................................................................... 287
11.3.2 Configurable storage and recall.................................................................................. 291
11.3.3 How to save and load instrument settings.................................................................. 296
11.5.1 Import/export functions................................................................................................300
Contents
11 Data management..............................................................................283
11.1 Restoring the default instrument configuration (preset).......................................283
11.2 Protecting data using the secure user mode......................................................... 284
11.3 Storing and recalling instrument settings and measurement data......................286
11.4 Import/export functions............................................................................................298
11.5 I/Q data import and export....................................................................................... 299
11.5.2 I/Q data file format (iq-tar)........................................................................................... 301
11.6 Creating screenshots of current measurement results and settings.................. 310
11.6.1 Print and screenshot settings......................................................................................310
11.6.2 How to store or print screenshots of the display......................................................... 320
11.6.3 Example for storing multiple measurement results to a PDF file................................ 323
11.7 The Notes Display.....................................................................................................325
11.8 Working with Test Reports.......................................................................................326
11.8.1 Designing a Test Report Template.............................................................................. 326
11.8.2 Creating a Test Report................................................................................................ 331
12 General instrument setup..................................................................334
12.1 Alignment...................................................................................................................334
12.1.1 Basics on alignment.................................................................................................... 334
12.1.2 Alignment settings.......................................................................................................336
12.1.3 How to perform a self-test........................................................................................... 340
12.1.4 How to align the instrument.........................................................................................340
12.1.5 How to align the touchscreen......................................................................................341
12.2 Display settings.........................................................................................................341
12.2.1 Display settings........................................................................................................... 341
12.2.2 How to configure the colors for display and printing................................................... 352
12.2.3 How to work with the soft front panels........................................................................ 353
12.3 Toolbar configuration............................................................................................... 354
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12.4.1 Transducer.................................................................................................................. 355
12.4.2 Working with transducers............................................................................................356
12.4.3 Reference: transducer factor file format......................................................................366
12.4.4 How to configure the transducer................................................................................. 366
12.6.1 Hardware information..................................................................................................374
12.6.2 Information on versions and options........................................................................... 375
12.6.3 System messages.......................................................................................................376
12.6.4 Firmware updates....................................................................................................... 377
12.6.5 General configuration settings.................................................................................... 379
Contents
12.4 Transducers...............................................................................................................355
12.5 Reference frequency settings..................................................................................370
12.6 System configuration settings.................................................................................374
12.7 Service functions...................................................................................................... 381
12.7.1 R&S support information............................................................................................. 382
12.7.2 Self-test settings and results....................................................................................... 383
12.7.3 Signal path check........................................................................................................384
12.7.4 Calibration signal display............................................................................................ 385
12.7.5 Service functions.........................................................................................................386
12.7.6 Hardware diagnostics..................................................................................................388
12.8 Synchronizing measurement channel configuration............................................ 388
12.8.1 General parameter coupling........................................................................................389
12.8.2 Using the custom coupling manager...........................................................................391
12.8.3 Example for a user-defined parameter coupling......................................................... 395
13 Network operation and remote control............................................ 397
13.1 Remote control interfaces and protocols............................................................... 397
13.1.1 LAN interface.............................................................................................................. 398
13.1.2 USB interface.............................................................................................................. 401
13.2 Status reporting system........................................................................................... 402
13.2.1 Hierarchy of status registers....................................................................................... 402
13.2.2 Contents of the status registers.................................................................................. 403
13.2.3 Reset values of the status reporting system............................................................... 415
13.3 GPIB languages.........................................................................................................416
13.4 The IECWIN tool........................................................................................................ 417
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13.5.1 General network settings............................................................................................ 419
13.5.2 GPIB settings.............................................................................................................. 421
13.5.3 Compatibility settings.................................................................................................. 424
13.5.4 LAN settings................................................................................................................427
13.5.5 HUMS settings............................................................................................................ 429
13.5.6 Remote errors............................................................................................................. 435
13.5.7 Returning to manual mode ("Local")........................................................................... 436
13.6.1 How to configure a network.........................................................................................437
13.6.2 How to operate the instrument without a network....................................................... 443
13.6.3 How to log on to the network.......................................................................................444
13.6.4 How to share directories (only with microsoft networks)............................................. 446
Contents
13.5 Network and remote control settings......................................................................418
13.6 How to set up a network and remote control......................................................... 437
13.6.5 How to control the R&S ESW via the web browser interface......................................447
13.6.6 How to deactivate the web browser interface............................................................. 448
13.6.7 How to set up remote desktop.................................................................................... 449
13.6.8 How to start a remote control session from a PC........................................................455
13.6.9 How to return to manual operation..............................................................................456
14 Remote commands in the receiver application...............................457
14.1 Conventions used in SCPI command descriptions............................................... 457
14.2 Common suffixes...................................................................................................... 458
14.3 Common commands.................................................................................................458
14.4 Application selection................................................................................................ 463
14.5 Measurements and result displays......................................................................... 467
14.5.1 Measurement control.................................................................................................. 467
14.5.2 Measurement sequences............................................................................................471
14.5.3 Result retrieval............................................................................................................ 473
14.5.4 Bargraph configuration................................................................................................478
14.5.5 Scan configuration...................................................................................................... 480
14.5.6 Scan table configuration..............................................................................................482
14.5.7 Peak search................................................................................................................ 490
14.5.8 Peak list.......................................................................................................................495
14.5.9 Final measurement (and trace) configuration............................................................. 500
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14.5.10 Final results.................................................................................................................504
14.5.11 LISN configuration.......................................................................................................507
14.5.12 CISPR APD measurement configuration.................................................................... 510
14.5.13 Preventing overlapping execution............................................................................... 511
14.5.14 Programming example: performing a sequence of measurements............................ 512
14.6.1 Input configuration.......................................................................................................514
14.6.2 Output configuration....................................................................................................540
14.6.3 Frequency configuration..............................................................................................548
14.6.4 Amplitude configuration...............................................................................................552
14.6.5 Diagram scale............................................................................................................. 555
14.6.6 Bandwidth and filter configuration............................................................................... 556
14.6.7 Trigger configuration................................................................................................... 558
Contents
14.6 Configuration.............................................................................................................514
14.7 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 562
14.7.1 Result display configuration........................................................................................ 563
14.7.2 Zoomed displays......................................................................................................... 572
14.7.3 Trace configuration......................................................................................................575
14.7.4 Markers....................................................................................................................... 586
14.7.5 Display and limit line configuration..............................................................................609
14.8 Data management..................................................................................................... 629
14.8.1 File management........................................................................................................ 629
14.8.2 Items to store.............................................................................................................. 636
14.8.3 Instrument setting management..................................................................................639
14.8.4 Screenshots and printouts.......................................................................................... 643
14.8.5 Notes display...............................................................................................................655
14.8.6 Test reports................................................................................................................. 656
14.8.7 Measurement result export......................................................................................... 668
14.8.8 Examples: managing data...........................................................................................669
14.9 General instrument setup.........................................................................................672
14.9.1 Basic instrument setup................................................................................................672
14.9.2 Reference frequency configuration............................................................................. 674
14.9.3 Calibration and temperature check............................................................................. 677
14.9.4 Signal path check........................................................................................................683
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14.9.5 Transducers................................................................................................................ 685
14.9.6 Display layout and elements....................................................................................... 697
14.9.7 Measurement channel synchronization.......................................................................704
14.9.8 Network and remote control configuration.................................................................. 718
14.9.9 Configuring HUMS...................................................................................................... 724
14.9.10 System configuration check........................................................................................ 730
14.9.11 Service functions.........................................................................................................737
14.10.1 General status register commands............................................................................. 739
14.10.2 Reading out the CONDition part................................................................................. 740
14.10.3 Reading out the EVENt part........................................................................................741
14.10.4 Controlling the ENABle part........................................................................................ 741
14.10.5 Controlling the negative transition part........................................................................742
Contents
14.10 Using the status register.......................................................................................... 739
14.10.6 Controlling the positive transition part......................................................................... 742
14.11 Service request......................................................................................................... 743
14.11.1 Initiate service request................................................................................................ 743
14.11.2 Waiting for the arrival of a service request..................................................................745
14.11.3 Waiting without blocking the keyboard and mouse..................................................... 747
14.11.4 Service request routine............................................................................................... 747
14.11.5 Reading out the output buffer......................................................................................748
14.11.6 Reading error messages.............................................................................................749
14.11.7 Evaluation of SCPI status registers.............................................................................749
14.11.8 Evaluation of event status register.............................................................................. 750
14.12 Reference: GPIB commands of emulated HP models........................................... 751
14.12.1 Command set of models 8560E, 8561E, 8562E, 8563E, 8564E, 8565E, 8566A/B,
8568A/B, 8591E, 8594E, 71100C, 71200C, and 71209A........................................... 752
14.12.2 Special features of the syntax parsing algorithms for 8566A and 8568A models....... 775
14.12.3 Special behavior of commands................................................................................... 776
14.12.4 Model-dependent default settings............................................................................... 777
14.12.5 Data output formats.....................................................................................................778
14.12.6 Trace data output formats........................................................................................... 778
14.12.7 Trace data input formats............................................................................................. 778
14.12.8 GPIB status reporting..................................................................................................778
14.13 Reference: command set of emulated PSA models.............................................. 779
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Contents
14.14 Reference: command set of emulated PXA models.............................................. 783
15 Maintenance, storage, transport and disposal................................786
15.1 Cleaning..................................................................................................................... 786
15.2 Storage.......................................................................................................................786
15.3 Transporting.............................................................................................................. 786
15.4 Disposal..................................................................................................................... 787
16 Troubleshooting................................................................................. 788
16.1 Error information.......................................................................................................788
16.2 Error messages in remote control mode................................................................ 789
16.3 Troubleshooting remote operation..........................................................................790
16.4 Miscellaneous troubleshooting hints......................................................................792
16.5 System recovery....................................................................................................... 793
16.6 Collecting information for support..........................................................................794
16.7 Contacting customer support..................................................................................796
List of commands.............................................................................. 797
Index....................................................................................................813
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Contents
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1 Preface
1.1 About This Manual
This user manual describes general instrument functions and settings common to all
applications and operating modes in the R&S ESW. Furthermore, it provides all the
information specific to EMI measurements in the receiver application.
All other operating modes and applications are described in the specific application
manuals.
The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to
obtain them. The following topics are included:
●
Welcome to the R&S ESW
Introduction to and getting familiar with the instrument
●
Operating modes and applications
The concept of using multiple operating modes
●
Measurements
Descriptions of the individual measurements in the receiver application, including
result types and configuration settings.
●
Common measurement settings
Description of the measurement settings common to all measurement types with
their corresponding remote control commands
●
Common measurement analysis and display functions
Description of the settings and functions provided to analyze results independently
of the measurement type with their corresponding remote control commands
●
Data management
Description of general functions to handle data files (configuration and result data,
not I/Q data)
●
General instrument setup
Description of general instrument settings and functions that are independent of
the current operating mode
●
Network and remote operation
Information on setting up the instrument in a network and operating it remotely.
●
Remote commands
Remote commands required to configure and run measurements in a remote environment, sorted by tasks
Remote commands required to set up the environment and to perform common
tasks on the instrument, sorted by tasks
Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually
be executed directly for test purposes
●
Maintenance
Information on tasks required to maintain operability of the instrument
●
Troubleshooting
Hints and tips on how to handle errors
Preface
About This Manual
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1.2.1 Typographical conventions
Conventions used in the documentation
●
List of commands
Alphabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual
●
Index
1.2 Conventions used in the documentation
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
Preface
"Graphical user interface elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota-
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen, such as
dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are enclosed by
quotation marks.
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are distinguished by their font.
tion marks.
1.2.2 Conventions for procedure descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to perform the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is described.
Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an additionally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or
the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating procedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on the
touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on a keyboard.
1.2.3 Notes on screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions and
possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not represent
realistic usage scenarios.
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Preface
Conventions used in the documentation
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your particular product configuration.
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Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
2 Safety and regulatory information
The product documentation helps you use the product safely and efficiently. Follow the
instructions provided here and in the following chapters.
Intended use
The product is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic
components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments.
Use the product only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating conditions and
performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you of potential dangers and gives instructions on how to prevent personal injury or damage caused by
dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
In Chapter 2.1, "Safety instructions", on page 18. The same information is provided in many languages as printed "Safety Instructions". The printed "Safety
Instructions" are delivered with the product.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you need to
take care during setup or operation.
2.1 Safety instructions
Products from the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies are manufactured according
to the highest technical standards. To use the products safely, follow the instructions
provided here and in the product documentation. Keep the product documentation
nearby and offer it to other users.
Use the product only for its intended use and within its performance limits. Intended
use and limits are described in the product documentation such as the data sheet,
manuals and the printed "Safety Instructions". If you are unsure about the appropriate
use, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
Using the product requires specialists or specially trained personnel. These users also
need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user interfaces
and the product documentation are available.
Never open the casing of the product. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product. If any part of the product is damaged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service at
http://www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com.
Lifting and carrying the product
The product is heavy. Do not move or carry the product by yourself. A single person
can only carry a maximum of 18 kg safely depending on age, gender and physical condition. Look up the maximum weight in the data sheet. Use the product handles to
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Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
move or carry the product. Do not lift by the accessories mounted on the product.
Accessories are not designed to carry the weight of the product.
To move the product safely, you can use lifting or transporting equipment such as lift
trucks and forklifts. Follow the instructions provided by the equipment manufacturer.
Choosing the operating site
Only use the product indoors. The product casing is not waterproof. Water that enters
can electrically connect the casing with live parts, which can lead to electric shock,
serious personal injury or death if you touch the casing. If Rohde & Schwarz provides
accessories designed for your product, e.g. a carrying bag, you can use the product
outdoors.
Unless otherwise specified, you can operate the product up to an altitude of 2000 m
above sea level. The product is suitable for pollution degree 2 environments where
nonconductive contamination can occur. For more information on environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
Setting up the product
Always place the product on a stable, flat and level surface with the bottom of the product facing down. If the product is designed for different positions, secure the product so
that it cannot fall over.
If the product has foldable feet, always fold the feet completely in or out to ensure stability. The feet can collapse if they are not folded out completely or if the product is
moved without lifting it. The foldable feet are designed to carry the weight of the product, but not an extra load.
If stacking is possible, keep in mind that a stack of products can fall over and cause
injury.
If you mount products in a rack, ensure that the rack has sufficient load capacity and
stability. Observe the specifications of the rack manufacturer. Always install the products from the bottom shelf to the top shelf so that the rack stands securely. Secure the
product so that it cannot fall off the rack.
Connecting to power
The product is an overvoltage category II product. Connect the product to a fixed
installation used to supply energy-consuming equipment such as household appliances and similar loads. Keep in mind that electrically powered products have risks, such
as electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Take the following measures for your safety:
●
Before switching on the product, ensure that the voltage and frequency indicated
on the product match the available power source. If the power adapter does not
adjust automatically, set the correct value and check the rating of the fuse.
●
Only use the power cable delivered with the product. It complies with country-specific safety requirements. Only insert the plug into an outlet with protective conductor terminal.
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R&S®ESW
Safety and regulatory information
Safety instructions
●
Only use intact cables and route them carefully so that they cannot be damaged.
Check the power cables regularly to ensure that they are undamaged. Also ensure
that nobody can trip over loose cables.
●
If the product needs an external power supply, use the power supply that is delivered with the product or that is recommended in the product documentation or a
power supply that conforms to the country-specific regulations.
●
Only connect the product to a power source with a fuse protection of maximum
20 A.
●
Ensure that you can disconnect the product from the power source at any time.
Pull the power plug to disconnect the product. The power plug must be easily
accessible. If the product is integrated into a system that does not meet these
requirements, provide an easily accessible circuit breaker at the system level.
Connecting headphones
Take the following measures to prevent hearing damage. Before using headphones,
check the volume and reduce it if necessary. If you monitor varying signal levels, take
off the headphones and wait until the signal has settled. Then adjust the volume.
Cleaning the product
Use a dry, lint-free cloth to clean the product. When cleaning, keep in mind that the
casing is not waterproof. Do not use liquid cleaning agents.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential hazards.
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
Heavy product
Be careful when lifting, moving or carrying the product. Carrying the product requires a suffi-
cient number of persons or transport equipment.
Electrical hazard
Indicates live parts. Risk of electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Hot surface
Do not touch. Risk of skin burns. Risk of fire.
Protective conductor terminal
Connect this terminal to a grounded external conductor or to protective ground. This connec-
tion protects you against electric shock if an electric problem occurs.
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Safety and regulatory information
Korea certification class B
2.2 Warning messages in the documentation
A warning message points out a risk or danger that you need to be aware of. The signal word indicates the severity of the safety hazard and how likely it will occur if you do
not follow the safety precautions.
WARNING
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in death or serious injury if not avoided.
CAUTION
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in minor or moderate injury if not avoided.
NOTICE
Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to other
property.
2.3 Korea certification class B
이 기기는 가정용(B급) 전자파 적합기기로서 주로 가정에서 사용하는 것을 목적으로 하
며, 모든 지역에서 사용할 수 있습니다.
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R&S®ESW
Documentation overview
Service manual
3 Documentation overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S ESW user documentation. You find it on
the product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/esw
3.1 Getting started manual
Introduces the R&S ESW and describes how to set up and start working with the product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for download on the Internet.
3.2 User manuals and help
Separate user manuals are provided for the base unit and the firmware applications:
●
Base unit manual
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides an
introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument
interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started manual.
●
Manuals for (optional) firmware applications
Contains the description of the specific functions of a firmware application, including remote control commands. Basic information on operating the R&S ESW is not
included.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S ESW. The help
offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information for the base unit and
the firmware applications.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the Internet.
3.3 Service manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination, and contains
mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
The service manual is available for download for registered users on the global
Rohde & Schwarz information system (GLORIS):
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R&S®ESW
Documentation overview
Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com
3.4 Instrument security procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S ESW in secure areas. It is available for download on the Internet.
3.5 Basic safety instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information.
The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
3.6 Data sheets and brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S ESW. It also lists the
options and their order numbers, and optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific characteristics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/esw
3.7 Release notes and open source acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current
firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of the
used open source software.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/esw
3.8 Application notes, application cards, white papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on particular topics.
See www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/esw
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R&S®ESW
Preparing for use
Choosing the operating site
4 Preparing for use
Here, you can find basic information about setting up the product for the first time.
● Lifting and carrying..................................................................................................24
● Unpacking and checking.........................................................................................24
● Choosing the operating site.................................................................................... 24
● Setting up the product.............................................................................................25
● Connecting the AC power....................................................................................... 27
● Switching the instrument on and off........................................................................27
● Connecting to LAN..................................................................................................28
● Connecting a keyboard........................................................................................... 29
● Connecting an external monitor.............................................................................. 30
● Windows operating system..................................................................................... 31
● Logging on.............................................................................................................. 33
● Checking the supplied options................................................................................ 34
● Performing a self-alignment.................................................................................... 34
● Considerations for test setup.................................................................................. 35
● Protecting data using the secure user mode...........................................................36
4.1 Lifting and carrying
The carrying handles are designed to lift or carry the instrument. Do not apply excessive external force to the handles.
See "Lifting and carrying the product" on page 18.
4.2 Unpacking and checking
1. Unpack the R&S ESW carefully.
2. Retain the original packing material. Use it when transporting or shipping the
R&S ESW later.
3. Using the delivery notes, check the equipment for completeness.
4. Check the equipment for damage.
If the delivery is incomplete or equipment is damaged, contact Rohde & Schwarz.
4.3 Choosing the operating site
Specific operating conditions ensure proper operation and avoid damage to the product and connected devices. For information on environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
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R&S®ESW
Preparing for use
Setting up the product
See also "Choosing the operating site" on page 19.
Electromagnetic compatibility classes
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) class indicates where you can operate the
product. The EMC class of the product is given in the data sheet under "General data".
●
Class B equipment is suitable for use in:
– Residential environments
– Environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network that
supplies residential buildings
●
Class A equipment is intended for use in industrial environments. It can cause
radio disturbances in residential environments due to possible conducted and radiated disturbances. It is therefore not suitable for class B environments.
If class A equipment causes radio disturbances, take appropriate measures to
eliminate them.
4.4 Setting up the product
See also:
●
"Setting up the product" on page 19
●
"Intended use" on page 18
4.4.1 Placing the product on a bench top
To place the product on a bench top
1. Place the product on a stable, flat and level surface. Ensure that the surface can
support the weight of the product. For information on the weight, see the data
sheet.
WARNING! A stack of products can fall over and cause injury. Never stack more
2.
than two products. Otherwise, mount them in a rack.
Stack as follows:
● All products must have the same dimensions (width and length).
● Do not exceed a total load of 50 kg placed on the product at the bottom of the
stack.
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R&S®ESW
Left = Stacked correctly
Right = Stacked incorrectly, too many products
NOTICE! Overheating can damage the product.
3.
Prevent overheating as follows:
Preparing for use
Setting up the product
● Keep a minimum distance of 10 cm between the fan openings of the product
and any object in the vicinity.
● Do not place the product next to heat-generating equipment such as radiators
or other products.
4.4.2 Mounting the R&S ESW in a rack
To prepare the rack
1. Observe the requirements and instructions in "Setting up the product" on page 19.
NOTICE! Insufficient airflow can cause overheating and damage the product.
2.
Design and implement an efficient ventilation concept for the rack.
To mount the R&S ESW in a rack
1. Use an adapter kit to prepare the R&S ESW for rack mounting.
a) Order the rack adapter kit designed for the R&S ESW. For the order number,
see the data sheet.
b) Mount the adapter kit. Follow the assembly instructions provided with the
adapter kit.
2. Lift the R&S ESW to shelf height.
3. Grab the handles and push the R&S ESW onto the shelf until the rack brackets fit
closely to the rack.
4. Tighten all screws in the rack brackets with a tightening torque of 1.2 Nm to secure
the R&S ESW in the rack.
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Preparing for use
Switching the instrument on and off
To unmount the R&S ESW from a rack
1. Loosen the screws at the rack brackets.
2. Remove the R&S ESW from the rack.
3. If placing the R&S ESW on a bench top again, unmount the adapter kit from the
R&S ESW. Follow the instructions provided with the adapter kit.
4.5 Connecting the AC power
In the standard version, the R&S ESW is equipped with an AC power supply connector.
The R&S ESW can be used with different AC power voltages and adapts itself automatically to it. Refer to the data sheet for the requirements of voltage and frequency.
For safety information, see "Connecting to power" on page 19.
To connect the AC power
1. Plug the AC power cable into the AC power connector on the rear panel of the
instrument. Only use the AC power cable delivered with the R&S ESW.
2. Plug the AC power cable into a power outlet with ground contact.
The required ratings are listed next to the AC power connector and in the data
sheet.
For details on the connector, refer to Chapter 5.2.2, "AC power supply connection and
main power switch", on page 48.
4.6 Switching the instrument on and off
Table 4-1: Overview of power states
Status LED on Power key Position of main power switch
Off
Standby
gray
orange
[0]
[I]
Ready
green
[I]
To switch on the R&S ESW
The R&S ESW is off but connected to power.
1. Set the switch on the power supply to position [I].
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R&S®ESW
Preparing for use
Connecting to LAN
See Chapter 5.2.2, "AC power supply connection and main power switch",
on page 48.
The LED of the Power key is orange.
See Chapter 5.1.2, "Power key", on page 41.
2. Press the Power key.
See Chapter 5.1.2, "Power key", on page 41.
The LED changes to green.
The R&S ESW boots.
After booting, the instrument is ready for operation.
To shut down the product
The product is in the ready state.
► Press the [Power] key.
The operating system shuts down. The LED changes to orange.
If the instrument temperature exceeds the limit specified in the data sheet, the
R&S ESW automatically shuts down to protect the instrument from damage.
To disconnect from power
The R&S ESW is in the standby state.
NOTICE! Risk of data loss. If you disconnect the product from power when it is in
1.
the ready state, you can lose settings and data. Shut it down first.
Set the switch on the power supply to position [0].
See Chapter 5.2.2, "AC power supply connection and main power switch",
on page 48.
The LED of the Power key is switched off.
2. Disconnect the R&S ESW from the power source.
4.7 Connecting to LAN
You can connect the instrument to a LAN for remote operation via a PC.
Provided the network administrator has assigned you the appropriate rights and adapted the Windows firewall configuration, you can use the interface, for example:
●
To transfer data between a controlling device and the test device, e.g. to run a
remote control program
●
To access or control the measurement from a remote computer using the "Remote
Desktop" application (or a similar tool)
●
To connect external network devices (e.g. printers)
●
To transfer data from a remote computer and back, e.g. using network folders
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Preparing for use
Connecting a keyboard
Network environment
Before connecting the product to a local area network (LAN), consider the following:
●
Install the latest firmware to reduce security risks.
●
For internet or remote access, use secured connections, if applicable.
●
Ensure that the network settings comply with the security policies of your company.
Contact your local system administrator or IT department before connecting your
product to your company LAN.
●
When connected to the LAN, the product may potentially be accessed from the
internet, which may be a security risk. For example, attackers might misuse or
damage the product. For more information about IT security and how to operate
the product in a secure LAN environment, see the Rohde & Schwarz white paper
1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10.
NOTICE! Risk of network failure.
►
Consult your network administrator before performing the following tasks:
● Connecting the instrument to the network
● Configuring the network
● Changing IP addresses
● Exchanging hardware
Errors can affect the entire network.
Connect the R&S ESW to the LAN via the LAN interface on the rear panel of the
instrument.
Windows automatically detects the network connection and activates the required
drivers.
By default, the R&S ESW is configured to use DHCP and no static IP address is
configured.
The default instrument name is <Type><variant>-<serial_number>, for example,
ESW26-123456. For information on determining the serial number, see Chapter 5.2.14,
"Device ID", on page 51.
For more information on LAN configuration, see Chapter 13.6, "How to set up a net-
work and remote control", on page 437.
4.8 Connecting a keyboard
The keyboard is detected automatically when it is connected. The default input language is English – US.
However, you can also connect foreign language keyboards; currently the following
languages are supported for the R&S ESW:
●
German
●
Swiss
●
French
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R&S®ESW
●
Russian
To configure the keyboard language
1. To access the Windows operating system, press the Windows key on the external
keyboard.
2. Select "Start > Settings > Time & language > Region & language > Add a language" .
4.9 Connecting an external monitor
You can connect an external monitor (or projector) to the "DVI" or "Display port" connector on the rear panel of the R&S ESW (see also Chapter 5.2.3, "Display port and
DVI", on page 48).
Screen resolution and format
The touchscreen of the R&S ESW is calibrated for a 16:10 format. If you connect a
monitor or projector using a different format (e.g. 4:3), the calibration is not correct and
the screen does not react to your touch actions properly.
The touchscreen has a screen resolution of 1280x800 pixels. Usually, the display of
the external monitor is a duplicate of the instrument's monitor.
If you configure the external monitor to be used as the only display in the Windows
configuration dialog box ("Show only on 2"), the maximum screen resolution of the
monitor is used. In this case, you can maximize the R&S ESW application window and
see even more details. You cannot change the monitor's screen resolution via the standard Windows configuration dialog box.
However, you can restore the default instrument resolution (1280x800) on the monitor
using the instrument function "Setup" > "Display" > "Configure Monitor" > "Screen Resolution: Restore to default".
The R&S ESW supports a minimum resolution of 1280x768 pixels.
Preparing for use
Connecting an external monitor
1. Connect the external monitor to the R&S ESW.
2. Press the [Setup] key.
3. Press the "Display" softkey.
4. Select the "Configure Monitor" tab in the "Display" dialog box.
The standard Windows "Screen Resolution" dialog box is displayed.
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Preparing for use
Windows operating system
5. Select the instrument for display:
● "Display 1": internal monitor only
● "Display 2": external monitor only
● "Duplicate": both internal and external monitor
6. Tap "Apply" to try out the settings before they are accepted permanently, then you
can easily return to the previous settings, if necessary.
7. Select "OK" if the settings are suitable.
4.10 Windows operating system
The instrument contains the Microsoft Windows operating system which has been configured according to the instrument's features and needs. Changes in the system setup
are only required when peripherals like a keyboard or a printer are installed or if the
network configuration does not comply with the default settings. After the R&S ESW is
started, the operating system boots and the instrument firmware is started automatically.
Tested software
The drivers and programs used on the instrument under Microsoft Windows are adapted to the instrument. Only install update software released by Rohde & Schwarz to
modify existing instrument software.
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Preparing for use
Windows operating system
You can install additional software on the instrument; however, additional software can
impair instrument function. Thus, run only programs that Rohde & Schwarz has tested
for compatibility with the instrument software.
The following program packages have been tested:
●
Symantec Endpoint Security – virus-protection software
●
FileShredder - for reliable deletion of files on the hard disk
Service packs and updates
Microsoft regularly creates security updates and other patches to protect Windowsbased operating systems. They are released through the Microsoft Update website and
associated update server. Update instruments using Windows regularly, especially
instruments that connect to a network.
Firewall settings
A firewall protects an instrument by preventing unauthorized users from gaining access
to it through a network. Rohde & Schwarz highly recommends using the firewall on
your instrument. Rohde & Schwarz instruments are shipped with the Windows firewall
enabled. All ports and connections for remote control are enabled.
Note that changing firewall settings requires administrator rights.
Virus protection
Take appropriate steps to protect your instruments from infection. Use strong firewall
settings and scan any removable storage device used with a Rohde & Schwarz instrument regularly. It is also recommended that you install anti-virus software on the instrument. Rohde & Schwarz does NOT recommend running anti-virus software in the
background ("on-access" mode) on Windows-based instruments, due to potentially
degrading instrument performance. However, Rohde & Schwarz does recommend running it during non-critical hours.
For details and recommendations, see the following Rohde & Schwarz white paper:
●
1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10
To access the "Start" menu
The Windows "Start" menu provides access to the Microsoft Windows functionality and
installed programs.
► Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar, or press the "Windows" key or the [CTRL
+ ESC] key combination on the (external) keyboard.
The "Start" menu and the Windows taskbar are displayed.
The Windows taskbar also provides quick access to commonly used programs, for
example Paint or WordPad. IECWIN, the auxiliary remote control tool provided free of
charge and installed by Rohde & Schwarz, is also available from the taskbar or "Start"
menu.
For details on the IECWIN tool, see Chapter 13.4, "The IECWIN tool", on page 417.
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4.11 Logging on
Preparing for use
Logging on
All necessary system settings can be defined in the "Start > Settings" menu.
For required settings, refer to the Microsoft Windows documentation and to the hardware description.
Microsoft Windows requires that users identify themselves by entering a user name
and password in a login window. By default, the R&S ESW provides the following user
accounts:
●
"Instrument": an administrator account with unrestricted access to the computer/
domain
●
"NormalUser": a standard user account with limited access
Some administrative tasks require administrator rights (e.g. the configuration of a LAN
network). Refer to the description of the basic instrument Setup ([Setup] menu) to find
out which functions are affected.
Passwords
For all default user accounts, the initial password is 894129. Note that this password is
very weak, and it is recommended that you change the password for all users after initial login. An administrator can change the password in Microsoft Windows for any user
at any time via "Start > Settings > Account > SignIn Options > Password > Change".
Auto-login
When shipped, the instrument automatically logs on the default "Instrument" user to
Microsoft Windows (with full access) using the default password. This function is active
until an administrator explicitly deactivates it or changes the password.
Changing the password and use of auto-login function
Note that when you change the default password, the default auto-login function no
longer works!
In this case, you must enter the new password manually to log on.
Adapting the auto-login function to a new password
If you change the password that is used during auto-login, this function no longer
works. Adapt the settings for the auto-login function first.
1. Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar to access the operating system of the
R&S ESW (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 32).
2. Open the C:\R_S\Instr\User\user\AUTOLOGIN.REG file in any text editor
(e.g. Notepad).
3. In the line "DefaultPassword"="894129", replace the default password
(894129) by the new password for automatic login.
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Preparing for use
Performing a self-alignment
4. Save the changes to the file.
5. In the Windows "Start" menu, select "Run".
The "Run" dialog box is displayed.
6. Enter the command C:\R_S\Instr\User\user\AUTOLOGIN.REG.
7. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm.
The auto-login function is reactivated with the changed password. It will be applied
the next time the instrument is switched on.
Switching users when using the auto-login function
Which user account is used is defined during login. If auto-login is active, the login window is not displayed. However, you can switch the user account to be used even when
the auto-login function is active.
1. Select the "Windows" icon in the toolbar to access the operating system of the
R&S ESW (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 32).
2. Press [CTRL] + [ALT] + [DEL], then select "Sign out".
The "Login" dialog box is displayed, in which you can enter the different user
account name and password.
For information on deactivating and reactivating the auto-login function, see "Deactivat-
ing the auto-login function" on page 446.
4.12 Checking the supplied options
The instrument can be equipped with both hardware and firmware options. To check
whether the installed options correspond to the options indicated on the delivery note,
proceed as follows.
1. Press the [SETUP] key.
2. Press the "System Config" softkey.
3. Switch to the "Versions + Options" tab in the "System Configuration" dialog box.
A list with hardware and firmware information is displayed.
4. Check the availability of the hardware options as indicated in the delivery note.
4.13 Performing a self-alignment
When temperature changes occur in the environment of the R&S ESW, or after updating the firmware, you have to perform a self-alignment to align the data to a reference
source.
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Preparing for use
Considerations for test setup
During self-alignment, do not connect a signal to the RF input connector. Running a
self-alignment with a signal connected to the RF input can lead to false measurement
results.
Performing a self-alignment
Before performing this alignment, make sure that the instrument has reached its operating temperature (for details, refer to the data sheet).
A message in the status bar ("Instrument warming up...") indicates that the operating
temperature has not yet been reached.
Depending on the installation settings, an automatic self-alignment is performed each
time the instrument is switched on. A dialog box is displayed indicating how much
warm-up time is still required before self-alignment can be performed.
1. Press the [Setup] key.
2. Press the "Alignment" softkey.
3. Select the "Start Self Alignment" button in the "Alignment" dialog box.
Once the system correction values have been calculated successfully, a message
is displayed.
To display the alignment results again later
●
Press the [SETUP] key.
●
Press the "Alignment" softkey.
4.14 Considerations for test setup
Cable selection and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress electromagnetic radiation during operation:
●
Use high-quality shielded cables, for example, double-shielded RF and LAN
cables.
●
Always terminate open cable ends.
●
Ensure that connected external devices comply with EMC regulations.
Signal input and output levels
Information on signal levels is provided in the data sheet and on the instrument, next to
the connector. Keep the signal levels within the specified ranges to avoid damage to
the R&S ESW and connected devices.
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4.15 Protecting data using the secure user mode
Preparing for use
Protecting data using the secure user mode
Measuring unknown signals
When measuring unknown signals, apply signal attenuation of at least 10 dB. Using a
0 dB attenuation when measuring unknown signals can damage or destroy the input
mixer.
During normal operation, the R&S ESW uses a solid-state drive to store its operating
system, instrument firmware, instrument self-alignment data, and any user data created during operation.
Redirecting storage to volatile memory
Alternatively, to avoid storing any sensitive data on the R&S ESW permanently, the
secure user mode was introduced (option R&S ESW-K33). In secure user mode, the
instrument’s solid-state drive is write-protected so that no information can be written to
memory permanently. Data that the R&S ESW normally stores on the solid-state drive
is redirected to volatile memory instead, which remains available only until the instrument is switched off. This data includes:
●
Windows operating system files
●
Firmware shutdown files containing information on last instrument state
●
Self-alignment data
●
General instrument settings such as the IP address
●
Measurement settings
●
User data created during operation
(see also Table 11-1)
●
Any data created by other applications installed on the R&S ESW, for example, text
editors (Notepad), the clipboard, or drawing tools.
Users can access data that is stored in volatile memory just as in normal operation.
However, when the instrument’s power is switched off, all data in this memory is
cleared. Thus, in secure user mode, the instrument always starts in a defined, fixed
state when switched on.
To store data such as measurement results permanently, it must be stored to an external storage device, such as a memory stick.
Limited storage space
The volatile memory used to store data in secure user mode is restricted to 256 MB.
Thus, a "Memory full" error can occur although the hard disk indicates that storage
space is still available.
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Preparing for use
Protecting data using the secure user mode
Storing required data permanently
Any data that is to be available for subsequent sessions with the R&S ESW must be
stored on the instrument permanently, before activating the secure user mode. This
includes predefined instrument settings, transducer factors and self-alignment data.
Self-alignment data
Note that self-alignment data becomes invalid with time and due to temperature
changes. Therefore, to achieve optimal accuracy, it can be preferable to perform a new
self-alignment at the start of each new session on the R&S ESW.
Restricted operation
Since permanent storage is not possible, the following functions are not available in
secure user mode:
●
Firmware update
●
Activating a new option key
Furthermore, since the "SecureUser" used in secure user mode does not have administrator rights, administrative tasks such as LAN configuration and some general
instrument settings are not available. Refer to the description of the basic instrument
setup ([SETUP] menu) to find out which functions are affected.
Activating and deactivating secure user mode
Only a user with administrator rights can activate (and deactivate) the secure user
mode. Once activated, a restart is required. The special user "SecureUser" is then logged on to the R&S ESW automatically using the auto-login function. While the secure
user mode is active, a message is displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the
screen.
Secure passwords
By default, the initial password for both the administrator account and the "SecureUser" account is "894129". When the secure user mode is activated the first time after
installation, you are prompted to change the passwords for all user accounts to
improve system security. Although it is possible to continue without changing the passwords, it is strongly recommended that you do so.
You can change the password in Microsoft Windows for any user at any time via:
"Start > Settings > Account > SignIn Options > Password > Change"
To deactivate the secure user mode, the "SecureUser" must log off and a user with
administrator rights must log on.
Switching users when using the auto-login function
In the "Start" menu, select the arrow next to the "Shut down" button and then "Log off".
The "Login" dialog box is displayed, in which you can enter the different user account
name and password.
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Preparing for use
Protecting data using the secure user mode
The secure user mode setting and auto-login is automatically deactivated when
another user logs on. The "SecureUser" is no longer available.
For users with administrator rights, the secure user mode setting is available in the
general system configuration settings (see "SecureUser Mode" on page 380).
Remote control
Initially after installation of the R&S ESW-K33 option, secure user mode must be
enabled manually once before remote control is possible.
(See SYSTem:SECurity[:STATe].)
Manual activation is necessary to prompt for a change of passwords.
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Instrument tour
The front panel
5 Instrument tour
On the instrument tour, you can learn about the different control elements and connectors on the front and back panel of the R&S ESW.
5.1 The front panel
The front panel contains the main control elements of the R&S ESW in addition to various connectors as shown in Figure 5-1.
1 2
Figure 5-1: Front panel of the R&S ESW
1 = Display (touchscreen)
2 = Configuration keys
3 = Navigation controls
4 = Trigger in- and outputs
5 = Radiofrequency (RF) input 1
6 = External Mixer in- and outputs
7 = Radiofrequency (RF) input 2
8 = Probe 2 power connector
9 = Fast access knobs
10 = Volume control
11 = Headphone jack
12 = Probe 1 power connector
13 = USB ports
14 = System control keys
15 = Power key
3
4
56789101112131415
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5.1.1 Display (touchscreen)
Instrument tour
The front panel
The touchscreen on the front panel of the R&S ESW displays the measurement
results. Additionally, the screen display provides status and setting information and
allows you to switch between various measurement tasks. The screen is touch-sensitive, offering an alternative means of user interaction for quick and easy handling of the
instrument.
1
= Channel tabs: each tab contains a measurement channel.
2 = Window title bar: contains diagram-specific (trace) information.
3 = Channel bar: shows measurement settings and allows you to change those settings easily.
4 = Toolbar: contains general functionality of the firmware (print, save etc.).
5 = Input field.
6 = Softkeys: provide access to measurement functions.
7 = Result display: contains the measurement results.
8 = Status bar: contains system messages, progress bar and date and time.
9 = Diagram footer: contains diagram-specific information.
A touchscreen is a screen that is touch-sensitive, i.e. it reacts in a specified way when
a particular element on the screen is tapped by a finger or a pointing device, for example. Any user interface elements that can be clicked on by a mouse pointer can also be
tapped on the screen to trigger the same behavior, and vice versa.
Using the touchscreen, the following tasks (among others) can be performed by the tap
of your finger:
●
Changing a setting
●
Changing the display
●
Moving a marker
●
Zooming into a diagram
●
Selecting a new evaluation method
●
Scrolling through a result list
●
Saving or printing results and settings
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5.1.2 Power key
5.1.3 System control keys
Instrument tour
The front panel
To imitate a right-click by mouse using the touchscreen, for example to open a contextsensitive menu for a specific item, press the screen for about 1 second.
The power key is on the lower left corner of the front panel. It starts up and shuts down
the instrument.
See also "Connecting to power" on page 19.
System control keys provide access to the basic instrument configuration.
Refer to the User Manual for an extensive description of the system configuration functionality.
Resets the instrument to its default configuration.
Selects a particular measurement application or operating mode.
Provides functionality to configure basic instrument characteristics, for example:
●
the LAN connection
●
the date and time
●
the display configuration
●
the reference frequency
●
firmware update and application installation
●
service functions
●
transducer configuration
●
configuration of the fast access panel
Provides access to the on-screen keyboard.
Turns full screen mode on and off.
Selects a window in split screen mode or browses through active windows in full
screen mode.
5.1.4 USB ports
The three USB ports on the front panel (type A) allow you to connect devices like keyboards, mouses or memory sticks.
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5.1.5 Probe power connector (3 and 5 pins)
Instrument tour
The front panel
The R&S ESW provides additional USB ports (including one type B port) on the rear
panel.
All USB ports support standard 2.0.
The R&S ESW provides two connectors to supply accessories that require a power
supply (for example probes or transducers).
The probe power connector with five pins supports supply voltages of ±10 V and
ground. The maximum permissible current is 200 mA. This probe power connector is
suitable, for example, for transducers from Rohde & Schwarz.
The probe power connector with three pins supports supply voltages from +15 V to
-12.6 V and ground. The maximum permissible current is 150 mA. This probe power
connector is suitable, for example, for high-impedance probes from Agilent.
5.1.6 Headphone jack and volume control
The female headphone jack allows you to connect headphones (or external speakers)
with a miniature jack plug.
You can control the output voltage with the volume control next to the headphone jack.
If you connect headphones or external speakers, the R&S ESW automatically turns off
the internal speaker.
See also "Connecting headphones" on page 20.
Muting sound
You can turn the volume on and off easily by pressing the volume control.
5.1.7 Fast access knobs
The two knobs on the front panel are designed to provide fast access to a (predefined)
set of settings that you are using regularly, and change these settings without using the
user interface. Each knob can carry several different functions.
You can find a comprehensive description of the fast access knobs in the User Manual.
5.1.8 RF inputs (50 Ω)
The R&S ESW provides two RF inputs for connection of a device under test (DUT) to
the R&S ESW. The DUT is connected to the RF Input via cable and an approriate connector (for example a male N connector).
Do not overload the RF inputs. For maximum allowed values, see the data sheet.
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Instrument tour
The front panel
For AC-coupling, a DC input voltage of 50 V must never be exceeded. For DC-coupling, DC voltage must not be applied at the input. In both cases, noncompliance will
destroy the input mixers.
The first RF Input supports a frequency range from 2 Hz to f
range from 0 dB to 75 dB. The second RF Input supports a frequency range from 2 Hz
to 1 GHz and an attenuation range from 10 dB to 75 dB. Attenuation levels smaller
than 10 dB at RF Input 2 are only possible when the pulse limiter is not active (refer to
the User Manual for more information).
Measuring unknown signals
When measuring unknown signals, do not use a 0 dB attenuation level. Otherwise, the
input mixer may be damaged or destroyed.
When measuring unknown signals on the second RF input, turn on the pulse limiter
feature. Otherwise, the input mixer may be damaged or destroyed in case of high
power signals.
5.1.9 Trigger input and output
The female BNC connector labeled "Trigger Input" allows you to receive an external
trigger signal.
The female BNC connector labeled "Trigger Input / Output" allows you to receive an
external trigger signal or send a trigger signal to another device.
When you are using the connector as a trigger input, you can apply voltages in the
range from 0.5 V to 3.5 V (the default value is 1.4 V). The typical input impedance is
10 kΩ.
and an attenuation
max
When you are using the connector as a trigger output, the TTL compatible signal is
transmitted (0 V / 5 V).
Note that you can find another connector for trigger input and output on the rear panel.
For more information about controlling and configuring trigger input and output, refer to
the User Manual.
5.1.10 Navigation controls
The navigation controls include a rotary knob, navigation keys, and Undo / Redo keys.
They allow you to navigate within the display or within dialog boxes.
Navigating in tables
The easiest way to navigate within tables (both in result tables and configuration
tables) is to scroll through the entries with your finger on the touchscreen.
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5.1.10.1 Rotary knob
5.1.10.2 Navigation keys
Instrument tour
The front panel
The rotary knob has several functions:
●
For numeric entries: increments (clockwise direction) or decrements (counterclockwise direction) the instrument parameter at a defined step width
●
In lists: toggles between entries
●
For markers, limit lines, and other graphical elements on the screen: moves their
position
●
For active scroll bars: moves the scroll bar vertically
●
For dialog boxes: Same effect as the Enter key when pressed
The navigation keys can be used alternatively to the rotary knob to navigate through
dialog boxes, diagrams or tables.
Arrow Up/Arrow Down Keys
The <arrow up> or <arrow down> keys do the following:
●
For numeric entries: increments (Arrow Up) or decrements (Arrow Down) the
instrument parameter at a defined step width
●
In a list: scrolls forward and backward through the list entries
●
In a table: moves the selection bar vertically
●
In windows or dialog boxes with a vertical scroll bar: moves the scroll bar
Arrow Left/Arrow Right Keys
The <arrow left> or <arrow right> keys do the following:
●
In an alphanumeric edit dialog box, move the cursor.
●
In a list, scroll forward and backward through the list entries.
●
In a table, move the selection bar horizontally.
●
In windows or dialog boxes with horizontal scroll bar, move the scroll bar.
5.1.10.3 Undo/redo keys
●
The [Undo] key reverts the previous action, i.e. the status before the previous
action is retrieved.
The Undo function is useful, for example, if you are performing a zero span measurement with several markers and a limit line defined and accidentally select a different measurement. In this case, many settings would be lost. However, if you
press [Undo] immediately afterwards, the previous status is retrieved, i.e. the zero
span measurement and all settings.
●
The [Redo] key repeats the previously reverted action, i.e. the most recent action is
repeated.
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5.1.11 Keypad
Instrument tour
The front panel
The [Undo] function is not available after a [Preset] or "Recall" operation. When these
functions are used, the history of previous actions is deleted.
The keypad is used to enter alphanumeric parameters, including the corresponding
units (see also Chapter 6.4.2, "Entering alphanumeric parameters", on page 65). It
contains the following keys:
Table 5-1: Keys on the keypad
Type of key Description
Alphanumeric keys Enter numbers and (special) characters in edit dialog boxes.
Decimal point Inserts a decimal point "." at the cursor position.
Sign key Changes the sign of a numeric parameter. For an alphanumeric parame-
ter, inserts a "-" at the cursor position.
5.1.12
Unit keys (GHz/-dBm MHz/
dBm, kHz/dB and Hz/dB)
[Esc] key Closes all kinds of dialog boxes, if the edit Mode is not active. Quits the
Backspace key If an alphanumeric entry has already been started, this key deletes the
Enter key
The function keys
Adds the selected unit to the entered numeric value and complete the
entry.
For level entries (e.g. in dB) or dimensionless values, all units have the
value "1" as multiplying factor. Thus, they have the same function as an
Enter key.
edit mode, if the edit mode is active. In dialog boxes that contain a "Cancel" button it activates that button.
For "Edit" dialog boxes the following mechanism is used:
●
If data entry has been started, it retains the original value and
closes the dialog box.
●
If data entry has not been started or has been completed, it closes
the dialog box.
character to the left of the cursor.
●
Concludes the entry of dimensionless entries. The new value is
accepted.
●
With other entries, this key can be used instead of the "Hz/dB" unit
key.
●
In a dialog box, selects the default or focused element.
Function keys provide access to the most common measurement settings and functions.
Refer to the user manual for an extensive description of the measurement settings and
functions.
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Instrument tour
The front panel
Provides functionality to define frequency parameters, for example:
●
the receiver or center frequency
●
the frequency offset
Provides functionality to configure the frequency span.
Provides functionality to configure amplitude or level characteristics, for example:
●
the attenuation
●
the input impedance
●
the scale of the level axis
●
the preamplifier
Provides functionality to automatically define various parameters like the level or frequency.
Provides functionality to define various filter bandwidths.
Provides functionality to configure the measurement, for example:
●
the measurement mode (single or continuous measurements)
●
the number of measurement points
●
the measurement time
Provides functionality to configure data acquisition and analyze measured data, for
example:
●
the trace mode
●
the detector
Provides functionality to configure triggered and gated measurements.
Provides functionality to activate and position absolute and relative markers (markers
and delta markers).
Performs a peak search for active markers.
If no marker is active, marker 1 is activated and the peak search is performed for it.
Spectrum application only: Provides additional analysis functions of the measurement markers, for example:
●
the frequency counter
●
the noise measurement
●
the phase noise measurement
●
the AM/FM audio demodulator
Provides functionality to position and control markers, for example:
●
to configure the marker search
●
to configure the peak excursion
Provides the measurement functions, for example:
●
the bargraph measurement (receiver application)
●
the scan and final measurement (receiver application)
●
the AF demodulation (receiver application)
●
IF analysis
●
the channel power and ACLR measurement (spectrum application)
●
the occupied bandwidth measurement (spectrum application)
●
the Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) measurement (spectrum application)
●
the spurious emission measurement (spectrum application)
●
the signal statistics (spectrum application)
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Instrument tour
The rear panel
Provides functionality to configure the measurement.
Provides functionality to control display and limit lines.
Provides functionality to configure inputs and outputs.
Starts a measurement in single measurement mode.
Starts a measurement in continuous measurement mode.
5.2 The rear panel
The rear panel contains various connectors as shown in Figure 5-2.
1 2 3 4 5 6
910111213
Figure 5-2: Rear panel of the R&S ESW
1 = DisplayPort connector
2 = DVI connector
3 = LAN connector
4 = Removable hard drive
5 = USB ports
6 = AC power supply and main power switch
7 = GPIB interface
8 = AUX port
9 = REF inputs and outputs
10 = Trigger in- and output
7
8
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Instrument tour
The rear panel
11 = IF / Video / Demod output
12 = Instrument Serial Number
13 = Ground connector
● Removable hard disk.............................................................................................. 48
● AC power supply connection and main power switch.............................................48
● Display port and DVI............................................................................................... 48
● LAN connector........................................................................................................ 49
● USB ports................................................................................................................49
● IF / video / demod output........................................................................................ 49
● Sync trigger input and output.................................................................................. 49
● GPIB interface.........................................................................................................49
● Aux. port..................................................................................................................50
● External generator control option (R&S ESW-B10)................................................ 50
● OCXO (optional)......................................................................................................50
● REF INPUT / REF OUTPUT................................................................................... 50
● Labels on R&S ESW...............................................................................................51
● Device ID.................................................................................................................51
5.2.1 Removable hard disk
The removable hard disk is accessible from the rear of the instrument.
In addition to the operating system and the firmware, the R&S ESW also stores measurement data on that disk. When you remove the hard disk, you can store it and the
data on it somewhere secure.
5.2.2 AC power supply connection and main power switch
An AC power supply connector and main power switch are located in a unit on the rear
panel of the instrument.
Main power switch function:
Position 1: The instrument can be started via the Power key on the front panel.
The (optional) OCXO reference frequency is warmed up.
Position O: The entire instrument is disconnected from the AC power supply.
For details, refer to "Connecting to power" on page 19 and Chapter 4.5, "Connecting
the AC power", on page 27.
5.2.3 Display port and DVI
You can connect an external monitor or other display device to the R&S ESW to provide an enlarged display. Two different types of connectors are provided for this purpose:
●
Display Port
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5.2.4 LAN connector
5.2.5 USB ports
Instrument tour
The rear panel
●
DVI (digital visual interface)
For details, see Chapter 4.9, "Connecting an external monitor", on page 30.
The LAN interface allows you to connect the R&S ESW to a local network for remote
control, printouts or data transfer. The assignment of the RJ-45 connector supports
twisted-pair category 5 UTP/STP cables in a star configuration (UTP stands for
unshielded twisted pair, and STP for shielded twisted pair).
For details see Chapter 13, "Network operation and remote control", on page 397.
The four USB ports on the rear panel (type A) allow you to connect devices like keyboards, mouses or memory sticks.
The male USB connector (type B) allows you to connect the R&S ESW to a computer
and establish a remote control connection, for example.
All USB connectors support standard 2.0.
5.2.6 IF / video / demod output
The two female BNC connectors can be used for various outputs:
●
Output of the intermediate frequency (IF)
●
Output of the video signal
●
Output of the demodulated signal (AM, FM)
Details about configuring the output type and characteristics are part of the user manual.
5.2.7 Sync trigger input and output
The "Sync Trigger Input / Output" connectors allow you to synchronize several devices
(for example two R&S ESWs) with respect to the trigger signal, but also the reference
frequency. A 100 MHz signal can be output as a trigger or reference signal to another
device, and an external trigger or reference signal can be received at the input connector by the R&S ESW.
5.2.8 GPIB interface
The GPIB interface is in compliance with IEEE488 and SCPI. A computer for remote
control can be connected via this interface. To set up the connection, a shielded cable
is recommended.
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5.2.9 Aux. port
5.2.10 External generator control option (R&S ESW-B10)
Instrument tour
The rear panel
For more details, refer to Chapter 13, "Network operation and remote control",
on page 397.
A 9-pole SUB-D male connector used to provide low-voltage TTL control signals (max.
5 V). The output signals can be used to control external devices.
The external generator control option provides an additional GPIB and an "AUX control" connector.
The GPIB connector can be used to connect the external generator to the R&S ESW.
The 9-pole SUB-D female "AUX control" connector is required for TTL synchronization,
if supported by the generator.
For details on connecting an external generator, see the "External Generator Control"
section of the R&S ESW User Manual.
5.2.11 OCXO (optional)
This optional OCXO generates a 10 MHz reference signal with a very precise frequency. If installed, and if no external signal is used, this signal is used as an internal
reference. It can also be used to synchronize other connected devices via the REF
OUTPUT 10 MHz connector.
Warm-up time for OCXO
When the instrument is switched on, the OCXO requires an extended warm-up time
(see data sheet).
5.2.12 REF INPUT / REF OUTPUT
The REF INPUT connectors are used to provide an external reference signal to the
R&S ESW.
The REF OUTPUT connectors can be used to provide an external reference signal (or
the optional OCXO reference signal) from the R&S ESW to other devices that are connected to this instrument.
Various connectors are provided for different reference signals:
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Instrument tour
The rear panel
Connector Reference signal Usage
REF INPUT 1...20 MHz
0...10 dBm
REF OUTPUT 1...20 MHz
0...10 dBm
REF OUTPUT 10 MHz
10 dBm
REF INPUT 100 MHz
0...10 dBm
REF OUTPUT 100 MHz
6 dBm
REF OUTPUT 640 MHz
16 dBm
To provide an external reference signal on the
R&S ESW.
To provide the same external reference signal received
by the REF INPUT 1...20 MHz connector to another
device, when available.
To provide the internal reference signal from the
R&S ESW to another device continuously.
Also used to provide OCXO reference signal to another
device.
To provide an external reference signal on the
R&S ESW.
To provide a 100 MHz reference signal from the
R&S ESW to another device.
To provide a 640 MHz reference signal from the
R&S ESW to another device.
SYNC TRIGGER
The SYNC TRIGGER connector can also be used to synchronize the reference frequency on several devices.
5.2.13 Labels on R&S ESW
Labels on the casing inform about:
●
Personal safety, see "Meaning of safety labels" on page 20
●
Product and environment safety, see Table 5-2
●
Identification of the product, see Chapter 5.2.14, "Device ID", on page 51
Table 5-2: Labels regarding R&S
Labeling in line with EN 50419 for disposal of electrical and electronic equipment after the product has come to the end of its service life.
For more information, see "Disposing electrical and electronic equipment" on page 787.
5.2.14 Device ID
The unique device identifier is provided as a barcode sticker on the rear panel of the
R&S ESW.
It consists of the device order number and a serial number.
ESW and environment safety
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Instrument tour
The rear panel
The serial number is used to define the default instrument name, which is:
<Type><variant>-<serial_number>
For example, ESW26-123456.
The instrument name is required to establish a connection to the instrument in a LAN.
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Operating the instrument
Understanding the display information
6 Operating the instrument
The following topics provide an overview on how to work with the R&S ESW. They
describe what kind of information is displayed in the diagram area, how to interact with
the R&S ESW, and how to use the online help.
● Understanding the display information....................................................................53
● Accessing functions................................................................................................ 60
● Changing the focus................................................................................................. 64
● Entering data...........................................................................................................64
● Touchscreen gestures.............................................................................................67
● Displaying results....................................................................................................70
● Getting help.............................................................................................................77
● Remote control........................................................................................................78
6.1 Understanding the display information
The following image shows the default display layout in the receiver application. All different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the following
sections.
1 2 3
5 4
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Operating the instrument
Understanding the display information
1 = Channel bar: shows firmware and measurement settings
2 = Window title bar: shows diagram-specific (trace) information
3 = Diagram area: contains the measurement results and other information related to the measurement
(marker etc.)
4 = Diagram footer: shows diagram-specific information, depending on measurement application
5 = Instrument status bar: shows error messages, measurement progress, date/time etc.
Hiding elements in the display
You can hide some of the elements in the display, for example the status bar or channel bar, to enlarge the display area for the measurement results ("Setup" > "Display" >
"Displayed Items").
For details, see the R&S ESW user manual.
● Channel bar.............................................................................................................54
● Window title bar.......................................................................................................56
● Marker information.................................................................................................. 57
● Frequency and span information in diagram footer.................................................58
● Instrument and status information...........................................................................58
● Error information..................................................................................................... 59
6.1.1 Channel bar
Using the R&S ESW you can handle several different measurement tasks (channels)
at the same time (although they can only be performed asynchronously). For each
channel, a separate tab is displayed on the screen. To switch from one channel display
to another, simply select the corresponding tab.
If many tabs are open, you can also select the tab selection list icon at the right end of
the channel bar and select the channel you want to see.
MultiView tab
An additional tab labeled "MultiView" provides an overview of all active channels at a
glance. In the "MultiView" tab, each individual window contains its own channel bar
with an additional button. Tap this button to switch to the corresponding channel display quickly.
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Operating the instrument
Understanding the display information
Icons in the channel bar
The star icon ( ) on the tab label indicates that the displayed trace no longer matches
the current instrument settings. This can be the case, for example, if a trace is frozen
and the instrument settings are changed. When a new measurement is performed, the
icon disappears.
The exclamation mark icon (
) indicates that an error or warning is available for that
measurement channel. This is particularly useful if the MultiView tab is displayed.
The icon indicates the currently active channel during an automatic measurement
sequence (sequencer functionality).
Beneath the channel name, information about channel-specific settings for the measurement is displayed in the channel bar. Channel information varies depending on
the active application.
The channel bar above the diagram also contains information about instrument settings.
Table 6-1: Contents of the channel bar (receiver application)
Label Information
"Meas BW" Type and bandwidth of the currently selected resolu-
tion filter.
The filter type label either reads "6 dB" or "MIL". For
3 dB filters, the label is not displayed.
"Att(enuation)" Currently defined RF attenuation.
"Input" Currently used RF input (1 or 2), including the input
coupling (AC or DC).
"Meas Time" Currently defined measurement time.
For a scan count > 1, the measurement time is the
sum of all single measurements.
"Preamp(lifier)" Currently selected preamplifier state.
"PS" Current state of the preselector.
"Step" Currently selected scan type and frequency step
mode.
●
"LIN": Stepped scan with linear frequency
steps. The frequency step size is a fix value in
Hz.
●
"LOG": Stepped scan with logarithmic frequency steps. The frequency step size is a percentage of the current frequency.
●
"TD Scan": Time domain scan.
●
"Fixed Freq": Fixed frequency scan.
"Notch" Current state of the notch filter.
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Operating the instrument
Understanding the display information
Label Information
"Out" Currently selected output type.
If phones output is on, a corresponding icon is displayed.
"LISN" Currently selected LISN and LISN phase.
For R&S ENV216, it also shows the state of the
highpass filter.
Only displayed when a LISN is included in the measurement.
"SGL" Indicates the progress of single measurements.
The first number is the current measurement. The
second number is the total number of measurements.
Only displayed for single measurements and if the
scan count is greater than 1.
"Frequency" Current receiver frequency.
"75 Ω" 75 Ω input impedance has been selected.
"TRG" Currently selected trigger source.
"TDF" Currently selected transducers, including the input
Ext. Gen An external generator is being controlled by the
Icons for individual settings
In the receiver application, a bullet next to the setting indicates that automatic settings are used, not user-defined settings.
In other applications, a bullet next to the setting indicates that user-defined settings
are used, not automatic settings. A green bullet indicates that this setting is valid and
the measurement is correct. A red bullet indicates an invalid setting that does not provide useful results.
6.1.2 Window title bar
Each channel in the R&S ESW display can contain several windows. Each window can
display either a graph or a table as a result of the channel measurement. Which type of
result evaluation is displayed in which window is defined in the display configuration
(see Chapter 6.6, "Displaying results", on page 70). The window's title bar indicates
which type of evaluation is displayed.
they have been assigned to.
R&S ESW (requires optional hardware).
Trace information in window title bar
Information on the displayed traces is indicated in the window title bar.
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Understanding the display information
Trace number
Trace color
Trace mode
Detector
Trace color Color of trace display in diagram
Trace no. Number of the trace (1 to 6)
Detector
Trace Mode
Abbreviation of the detector assigned to the trace:
●
AP
Autopeak detector
●
Av
Average detector
●
CA
CISPR AV detector
●
Mi
Min Peak / Negative Peak detector
●
Pk
Max Peak / Positive Peak detector
●
QP
Quasipeak detector
●
RA
RMS Average detector
●
Rm
RMS detector
●
Sa
Sample detector
Abbreviation of the trace mode:
●
Clrw
Clear Write: Shows the currently measured values.
●
Max
Max Hold: Shows the maximum values that have been measured.
●
Min
Min Hold: Shows the minimum values that have been measured.
●
Average
Average: Shows the averaged values that have been measured.
●
View
View: Shows a trace which remains the same when you perform another
measurement.
●
Transducer
Transducer: Shows the correction values of active transducer factors.
Norm/NCor Correction data is not used.
6.1.3 Marker information
Marker information is provided either in the diagram grid or in a separate marker table,
depending on the configuration.
Marker information in diagram grid
Within the diagram grid, the x-axis and y-axis positions of the last 2 markers or delta
markers that were set are displayed, if available, as well as their index. The value in
the square brackets after the index indicates the trace to which the marker is assigned.
(Example: M2[1] defines marker 2 on trace 1.) For more than 2 markers, a separate
marker table is displayed beneath the diagram by default.
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6.1.4 Frequency and span information in diagram footer
Operating the instrument
Understanding the display information
Marker information in marker table
In addition to the marker information displayed within the diagram grid, a separate
marker table can be displayed beneath the diagram. This table provides the following
information for all active markers:
Label Information
"Wnd" Window type the marker is positioned in.
"Type" Marker type: N (normal), D (delta), T (temporary, internal)
"Ref" Reference (for delta markers)
"Trc" Trace to which the marker is assigned
"X-value" x-value of the marker
"Y-value" y-value of the marker
The information in the diagram footer (beneath the diagram) depends on the current
application.
The contents depend on the application and the result display.
Label Information
CF Center frequency
Span Frequency span (frequency domain display)
ms/ Time per division (time domain display)
Pts Number of measurement points or (rounded) number of currently displayed
points in zoom mode
Start Start frequency of the scan
Stop Stop frequency of the scan
6.1.5 Instrument and status information
Global instrument settings and functions, the instrument status and any irregularities
are indicated in the status bar beneath the diagram.
In the MultiView tab, the status bar always displays the information for the currently
selected measurement.
The following information is displayed:
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Understanding the display information
Instrument status
The R&S ESW is configured for operation with an external reference.
Selecting the "Ext Ref" icon opens a dialog box to configure the external refer-
ence.
Progress
The status of the current operation is displayed in the status bar.
In the MultiView tab, the progress bar indicates the status of the currently selected
measurement, not the measurement currently being performed by a sequencer, for
example.
Date and time
The date and time settings of the instrument are displayed in the status bar.
Selecting the date and time icon opens a dialog box to configure the date and time.
Error messages and warnings
If errors or irregularities are detected, a keyword and an error message, if available,
are displayed in the status bar.
Knob configuration
Interfaces to configure the fast access knobs in the user interface and indicator of the
currently selected knob function.
6.1.6 Error information
If errors or irregularities are detected, a keyword and an error message, if available,
are displayed in the status bar.
Depending on the type of message, the status message is indicated in varying colors.
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Table 6-2: Status bar information - color coding
Color Type Description
Red Error An error occurred at the start or during a measurement, e.g. due to missing
data or wrong settings, so that the measurement cannot be started or completed correctly.
Orange Warning An irregular situation occurred during measurement, e.g. the settings no lon-
ger match the displayed results, or the connection to an external device was
interrupted temporarily.
Gray Information Information on the status of individual processing steps.
No color No errors No message displayed - normal operation.
Green Measurement
successful
Some applications visualize that the measurement was successful by showing a message.
If any error information is available for a channel, an exclamation mark is displayed
next to the channel name ( ). This is particularly useful when the MultiView tab is displayed, as the status bar in the MultiView tab always displays the information for the
currently selected channel only.
For a description of possible errors, see the R&S ESW user manual.
6.2 Accessing functions
All tasks necessary to operate the instrument can be performed using the user interface. Apart from instrument specific keys, all other keys that correspond to an external
keyboard (for example arrow keys, [Enter] key) operate conform to Microsoft.
For most tasks, there are at least 2 alternative methods to perform them:
●
Using the touchscreen
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, for example the keypad, rotary
knob, or arrow and position keys.
The measurement and instrument functions and settings can be accessed by selecting
one of the following elements:
●
System and function keys on the front panel of the instrument
●
Softkeys on the touchscreen
●
Context menus for specific elements on the touchscreen
●
Icons on the tool bar in the touchscreen
●
Displayed setting on the touchscreen
● Toolbar.................................................................................................................... 61
● Softkeys.................................................................................................................. 62
● Context menus........................................................................................................63
● On-screen keyboard................................................................................................63
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6.2.1 Toolbar
Operating the instrument
Accessing functions
The icons in the toolbar provide access to general functions.
You can hide the toolbar display, for example when using remote control, in order to
enlarge the display area for the measurement results ("Setup > Display > Displayed
Items"). See the R&S ESW User Manual for details.
Windows: opens the Windows "Start" menu and task bar.
Open: opens a file from the instrument or an external device ("Save/Recall" menu).
Store: stores data on the instrument or an external device ("Save/Recall" menu).
Print: defines print settings ("Print" menu).
Report Generator: opens the softkey menu to configure a report.
Undo: reverts last operation
Redo: repeats previously reverted operation
Measurement zoom: applies to the next display you select;
Displays a dotted rectangle in the diagram that can be expanded to define the zoom
area; the selected diagram is replaced by a new diagram with adapted measurement
settings which displays the selected extract of the trace.
Also provides a context menu to determine the firmware behavior for touch gestures:
●
"Level Lock"
(Default:) The reference level (and thus the attenuation) remains unchanged
during touch gestures on the screen.
●
"X-Lock"
The x-axis of the diagram is not changed during subsequent touch gestures.
●
"Y-Lock"
The y-axis of the diagram is not changed during subsequent touch gestures.
●
"Adapt Measurement to Zoom (selected diagram)"
Automatically adapts the measurement settings to the currently zoomed display
Zoom mode: displays a dotted rectangle in the diagram that can be expanded to
define the zoom area.
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Multiple zoom mode: multiple zoom areas can be defined for the same diagram.
Zoom off: displays the diagram in its original size.
SmartGrid: activates "SmartGrid" mode to configure the screen layout.
Sequencer: opens the "Sequencer" menu to perform consecutive measurements.
Help (+ Select): allows you to select an element for which context-specific help is displayed.
Help: displays context-sensitive help topic for currently selected element.
In "SmartGrid" mode only:
6.2.2 Softkeys
Create report: creates a new measurement report and deletes previous report data.
Create report: creates a new measurement report without deleting previous report
data.
RF input off: Signal applied to the RF input is not measured (instead the signal path
of the calibration signal is used).
Note that this icon is only visible if you deliberately turn it on.
([SETUP] > "Display" > "Displayed Items" > "Input Terminator")
Frequency lock: Frequency does not change when you turn the rotary knob.
Only applies to the frequency. You can still change other parameters with the rotary
knob.
Print immediately: prints the current display (screenshot) as configured.
Close: Exit "SmartGrid" mode.
Softkeys are virtual keys provided by the software. Thus, more functions can be provided than those that can be accessed directly via the function keys on the instrument.
Softkeys are dynamic: depending on the selected function key, a different list of softkeys is displayed on the right side of the screen.
A list of softkeys for a certain function key is also called a menu. Softkeys can either
perform a specific function or open a dialog box.
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6.2.3 Context menus
Operating the instrument
Accessing functions
Recognizing the softkey status by color
Color Meaning
orange associated dialog box is open
blue associated function is active; for toggle keys: currently active state
gray instrument function is temporarily not available due to a specific setting or missing option
You can hide the softkey display, e.g. when using remote control, in order to enlarge
the display area for the measurement results ("Setup > Display > Displayed Items").
See the User Manual for details.
Several items in the diagram area have context-sensitive menus (for example markers,
traces or the channel bar). If you right-click on one of these items (or tap it for about 1
second), a menu is displayed which contains the same functions as the corresponding
softkey. This is useful, for example, when the softkey display is hidden.
6.2.4 On-screen keyboard
The on-screen keyboard is an additional means of interacting with the instrument without having to connect an external keyboard.
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Entering data
The on-screen keyboard display can be switched on and off as desired using the "OnScreen Keyboard" function key beneath the screen.
When you press this key, the display switches between the following options:
●
Keyboard displayed at the top of the screen
●
Keyboard displayed at the bottom of the screen
●
No keyboard displayed
You can use the TAB key on the on-screen keyboard to move the focus from one field
to another in dialog boxes.
6.3 Changing the focus
Any selected function is always performed on the currently focused element in the display, e.g. a dialog field, diagram, or table row. Which element is focused is indicated by
a blue frame (diagram, window, table) or is otherwise highlighted (softkey, marker etc.).
Moving the focus is most easily done by tapping on the element on the touchscreen.
Alternatively, use the "Tab" key on the on-screen keyboard or the rotary knob to move
the focus from one element to the next on the display.
To move the focus between any displayed diagrams or tables in a window, press the
"Change focus" key on the front panel. The focus moves from the diagram to the first
table to the next table etc. and then back to the diagram, within the same window.
In fullscreen mode, where a single window is displayed in full size on the screen, this
key switches the focus (and the display) from one active window to the next.
6.4 Entering data
You can enter data in dialog boxes using any of the following methods:
●
Using the touchscreen, via the on-screen keyboard
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, e.g. the keypad, rotary knob, or
navigation keys
The rotary knob acts like the [ENTER] key when it is pressed.
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Entering data
●
Using a connected external keyboard
Transparent dialog boxes
You can change the transparency of the dialog boxes to see the results in the windows
behind the dialog box. Thus, you can see the effects that the changes you make to the
settings have on the results immediately.
To change the transparency, select the transparency icon at the top of the dialog box.
A slider is displayed. To hide the slider, select the transparency icon again.
(The title bar of the dialog box is always slightly transparent and is not affected by the
slider.)
Particularities in Windows dialog boxes
In some cases, e.g. if you want to install a printer, original Windows dialog boxes are
used. In these dialog boxes, the rotary knob and function keys do not work. Use the
touchscreen instead.
6.4.1 Entering numeric parameters
If a field requires numeric input, the keypad provides only numbers.
1. Enter the parameter value using the keypad, or change the currently used parame-
ter value by using the rotary knob (small steps) or the [UP] or [DOWN] keys (large
steps).
2. After entering the numeric value via keypad, press the corresponding unit key.
The unit is added to the entry.
3. If the parameter does not require a unit, confirm the entered value by pressing the
[ENTER] key or any of the unit keys.
The editing line is highlighted to confirm the entry.
6.4.2 Entering alphanumeric parameters
If a field requires alphanumeric input, you can use the on-screen keyboard to enter
numbers and (special) characters (see Chapter 6.2.4, "On-screen keyboard",
on page 63).
Alternatively, you can use the keypad. Every alphanumeric key represents several
characters and one number. The decimal point key (.) represents special characters,
and the sign key (-) toggles between capital and small letters. For the assignment,
refer to Table 6-3.
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Entering data
You can change the default behavior of the keypad for text input. This is useful if you
frequently enter numeric values in text fields, for example to define file names consisting of numbers.
For details, see "Number block behavior" on page 381.
To enter numbers and (special) characters via the keypad
1. Press the key once to enter the first possible value.
2. All characters available via this key are displayed.
3. To choose another value provided by this key, press the key again, until your
desired value is displayed.
4. With every key stroke, the next possible value of this key is displayed. If all possi-
ble values have been displayed, the series starts with the first value again. For
information on the series, refer to Table 6-3.
5. To change from capital to small letters and vice versa, press the sign key (-).
6. When you have chosen the desired value, wait for 2 seconds (to use the same key
again), or start the next entry by pressing another key.
To enter a blank
► Press the "Space" bar, or press the "0" key and wait 2 seconds.
To correct an entry
1. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor to the right of the entry you want to delete.
2. Press the [BACKSPACE] key.
The entry to the left of the cursor is deleted.
3. Enter your correction.
To complete the entry
► Press the [ENTER] key or the rotary knob.
To abort the entry
► Press the [ESC] key.
The dialog box is closed without changing the settings.
Table 6-3: Keys for alphanumeric parameters
Key name
(upper inscription)
7 7 µ Ω ° € ¥ $ ¢
8 A B C 8 Ä ÆÅ Ç
Series of (special) characters and number provided
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Key name
(upper inscription)
9 D E F 9 É
4 G H I 4
5 J K L 5
6 M N O 6 Ň Ö
1 P Q R S 1
2 T U V 2 Ü
3 W X Y Z 3
0 <blank> 0 – @ + / \ < > = % &
. . * : _ , ; " ' ? ( ) #
– <toggles between capital and small letters>
Series of (special) characters and number provided
6.5 Touchscreen gestures
A touchscreen allows you to interact with the software using various finger gestures on
the screen. The basic gestures supported by the software and most applications are
described here. Further actions using the same gestures may be possible.
Tapping
Touch the screen quickly, usually on a specific element.
You can tap most elements on the screen; in particular, any elements you can also
click on with a mouse pointer.
Figure 6-1: Tapping
Double-tapping
Tap the screen twice, in quick succession.
Double-tap a diagram or the window title bar to maximize a window in the display, or to
restore the original size.
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Operating the instrument
Touchscreen gestures
Dragging
Move your finger from one position to another on the display, keeping your finger on
the display the whole time.
By dragging your finger over a table or diagram you can pan the displayed area of the
table or diagram to show results that were previously out of view.
Figure 6-2: Dragging
Pinching and spreading two fingers
Move two fingers together on the display (pinch) or move two fingers apart on the display (spread).
When you pinch two fingers in the display, you decrease the size of the currently displayed area, showing the surrounding areas previously out of view.
When you spread two fingers in the display, you increase the size of the currently displayed area, showing more details.
You can pinch or spread your fingers vertically, horizontally, or diagonally. The direction
in which you move your fingers determines which dimension of the display is changed.
Figure 6-3: Pinching
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Touchscreen gestures
Figure 6-4: Spreading
Touch gestures in diagrams change measurement settings
When you change the display using touch gestures, the corresponding measurement
settings are adapted. This is different to selecting an area on the screen in zoom
mode, where merely the resolution of the displayed trace points is changed temporarily
(graphical zoom).
You can prevent the firmware from changing specific settings using the options in the
context menu for the measurement zoom icon. By default, the reference level is locked
and thus not changed automatically due to touch gestures.
Mouse vs. touch actions
Any user interface elements that react to actions by a mouse pointer also react to finger gestures on the screen, and vice versa. The following touch actions correspond to
mouse actions:
Table 6-4: Correlation of mouse and touch actions
Mouse operation Touch operation
Click Tap
Double-click Double-tap
Click and hold Touch and hold
Right-click Touch, hold for 1 second and release
Drag-&-drop (= click and hold, then drag and
release)
Touch, then drag and release
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Mouse operation Touch operation
Mouse wheel to scroll up or down Swipe
Dragging scrollbars to scroll up or down, left or right Swipe
In (graphical) Zoom mode only: dragging the borders of the displayed rectangle to change its size
Example:
You can scroll through a long table in conventional mouse operation by clicking in the
table's scrollbar repeatedly. In touch operation, you would scroll through the table by
dragging the table up and down with your finger.
6.6 Displaying results
The R&S ESW provides several instrument applications for different analysis tasks and
different types of signals, for example the Receiver application, the Spectrum application or the I/Q Analyzer. For each application, a new measurement channel is created
and displayed in a separate tab on the screen.
The results of a measurement channel can be evaluated in many different ways, both
graphically and numerically. For each evaluation method the results are displayed in a
separate window in the tab.
The R&S ESW allows you to configure the display to suit your specific requirements
and optimize analysis.
Touch, then drag and release
6.6.1 Activating and deactivating channels
When you activate an application, a new measurement channel is created which determines the measurement settings for that application. The same application can be activated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same
application. Whenever you switch channels, the corresponding measurement settings
are restored. Each channel is displayed in a separate tab on the screen.
An additional tab ("MultiView") provides an overview of all currently active channels at
once.
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
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To start a new channel
1. Select the [Mode] key.
2. In the "Mode" dialog box, select the required application on the "New Channel" tab.
A new tab is displayed for the new channel.
Remote command:
INSTrument:CREate[:NEW] on page 464/ INSTrument:CREate:DUPLicate
on page 464
To change the application in an active channel
1. Select the tab of the channel you want to change.
2. Select the [Mode] key.
3. In the "Mode" dialog box, select the new application to be displayed on the
"Replace Current Channel" tab.
The selected application is displayed in the current channel.
Remote command:
INSTrument:CREate:REPLace on page 464
To close a measurement channel
►
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6.6.2 Laying out the result display with the smartgrid
Operating the instrument
Displaying results
Select the "Close" icon on the tab of the measurement channel.
The tab is closed, any running measurements are aborted, and all results for that
channel are deleted.
Remote command:
INSTrument:DELete on page 465
Measurement results can be evaluated in many different ways, for example graphically,
as summary tables, statistical evaluations etc. Each type of evaluation is displayed in a
separate window in the channel tab. Up to 16 individual windows can be displayed per
channel (i.e. per tab). To arrange the diagrams and tables on the screen, the Rohde &
Schwarz SmartGrid function helps you find the target position simply and quickly.
Principally, the layout of the windows on the screen is based on an underlying grid, the
SmartGrid. However, the SmartGrid is dynamic and flexible, allowing for many different
layout possibilities. The SmartGrid functionality provides the following basic features:
●
Windows can be arranged in columns or in rows, or in a combination of both.
●
Windows can be arranged in up to four rows and four columns.
●
Windows are moved simply by dragging them to a new position on the screen, possibly changing the layout of the other windows, as well.
●
All evaluation methods available for the currently selected measurement are displayed as icons in the evaluation bar. If the evaluation bar contains more icons
than can be displayed at once on the screen, it can be scrolled vertically. The same
evaluation method can be displayed in multiple windows simultaneously.
●
New windows are added by dragging an evaluation icon from the evaluation bar to
the screen. The position of each new window depends on where you drop the evaluation icon in relation to the existing windows.
●
All display configuration actions are only possible in SmartGrid mode. When SmartGrid mode is activated, the evaluation bar replaces the current softkey menu display. When the SmartGrid mode is deactivated again, the previous softkey menu
display is restored.
● Background information: the smartgrid principle.....................................................73
● How to activate smartgrid mode..............................................................................74
● How to add a new result window.............................................................................75
● How to close a result window..................................................................................75
● How to arrange the result windows.........................................................................75
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6.6.2.1 Background information: the smartgrid principle
Operating the instrument
Displaying results
SmartGrid display
During any positioning action, the underlying SmartGrid is displayed. Different colors
and frames indicate the possible new positions. The position in the SmartGrid where
you drop the window determines its position on the screen.
Figure 6-5: Moving a window in SmartGrid mode
The brown area indicates the possible "drop area" for the window, i.e. the area in which
the window can be placed. A blue area indicates the (approximate) layout of the window as it would be if the icon were dropped at the current position. The frames indicate
the possible destinations of the new window with respect to the existing windows:
above/below, right/left or replacement (as illustrated in Figure 6-6). If an existing window would be replaced, the drop area is highlighted in a darker color shade.
Positioning the window
The screen can be divided into up to four rows. Each row can be split into up to four
columns, where each row can have a different number of columns. However, rows
always span the entire width of the screen and may not be interrupted by a column. A
single row is available as the drop area for the window in the SmartGrid. The row can
be split into columns, or a new row can be inserted above or below the existing row (if
the maximum of 4 has not yet been reached).
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1
A
B
2 223 3
C
1
Figure 6-6: SmartGrid window positions
1 = Insert row above or below the existing row
2 = Create a new column in the existing row
3 = Replace a window in the existing row
SmartGrid functions
Once the evaluation icon has been dropped, icons in each window provide delete and
move functions.
The "Move" icon allows you to move the position of the window, possibly changing the
size and position of the other displayed windows.
The "Delete" icon allows you to close the window, enlarging the display of the remaining windows.
6.6.2.2 How to activate smartgrid mode
All display configuration actions are only possible in SmartGrid mode. In SmartGrid
mode the evaluation bar replaces the current softkey menu display. When the SmartGrid mode is deactivated again, the previous softkey menu display is restored.
► To activate SmartGrid mode, do one of the following:
●
Select the "SmartGrid" icon from the toolbar.
● Select the "Display Config" button in the configuration "Overview".
● Select the "Display Config" softkey from the [Meas Config] menu.
The SmartGrid functions and the evaluation bar are displayed.
To close the SmartGrid mode and restore the previous softkey menu select the "Close"
icon in the right-hand corner of the toolbar, or press any key.
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6.6.2.3 How to add a new result window
Operating the instrument
Displaying results
Each type of evaluation is displayed in a separate window. Up to 16 individual windows
can be displayed per channel (i.e. per tab).
1. Activate SmartGrid mode.
All evaluation methods available for the currently selected measurement are displayed as icons in the evaluation bar.
2. Select the icon for the required evaluation method from the evaluation bar.
If the evaluation bar contains more icons than can be displayed at once on the
screen, it can be scrolled vertically. Touch the evaluation bar between the icons
and move it up or down until the required icon appears.
3. Drag the required icon from the evaluation bar to the SmartGrid, which is displayed
in the diagram area, and drop it at the required position. (See Chapter 6.6.2.5,
"How to arrange the result windows", on page 75 for more information on position-
ing the window).
Remote command:
LAYout:ADD[:WINDow]? on page 564 / LAYout:WINDow<n>:ADD? on page 568
6.6.2.4 How to close a result window
► To close a window, activate SmartGrid mode and select the "Delete" icon for the
window.
Remote command:
LAYout:REMove[:WINDow] on page 566 / LAYout:WINDow<n>:REMove
on page 569
6.6.2.5 How to arrange the result windows
1. Select an icon from the evaluation bar or the "Move" icon for an existing evaluation
window.
2. Drag the evaluation over the SmartGrid.
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A blue area shows where the window will be placed.
3. Move the window until a suitable area is indicated in blue.
4. Drop the window in the target area.
The windows are rearranged to the selected layout, and "Delete" and "Move" icons
are displayed in each window.
5. To close a window, select the corresponding "Delete" icon.
Remote command:
LAYout:REPLace[:WINDow] on page 566 / LAYout:WINDow<n>:REPLace
on page 569
6.6.3 Changing the size of windows
Each channel tab may contain several windows to evaluate the measurement results
using different methods. A "splitter" allows you to change the size of neighboring windows.
The splitters are not available in SmartGrid mode.
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6.6.4 Switching between a split and maximized window display
Operating the instrument
Getting help
► To change the size of two neighboring windows, drag the splitter between the win-
dows in either direction.
To get an overview of the results, displaying several windows at the same time may be
helpful. However, the individual windows may become rather small. In this case it is
useful to maximize an individual window to the entire screen temporarily in order to
analyze the results in more detail.
To switch between a split and a maximized display without having to close and re-open
windows, press the [SPLIT/MAXIMIZE] key on the front panel. In maximized display,
the currently focused window is maximized. In split display, all active windows are displayed.
Alternatively, double-tap the title bar of a window to maximize it.
6.6.5 Changing the display
The display can be optimized for your individual needs. The following display functions
are available and are described in detail in Chapter 12.2, "Display settings",
on page 341 and Chapter 10.1, "Result display configuration", on page 213.
●
Displaying a simulation of the entire front panel of the instrument on the screen
("Front Panel")
●
Displaying the main function hardkeys in a separate window on the screen ("Mini
Front Panel")
●
Hiding or showing various screen elements
●
Selecting a display theme and colors
●
Changing the display update rate
●
Activating or deactivating the touch-sensitivity of the screen
●
Zooming into the diagram
6.7 Getting help
If any questions or problems concerning the R&S ESW arise, an extensive online help
system is provided on the instrument and can be consulted at any time. The help system is context-sensitive and provides information specifically for the current operation
or setting to be performed. In addition, general topics provide an overview on complete
tasks or function groups as well as background information.
The online help can be opened at any time by selecting one of the "Help" icons on the
toolbar or by pressing the [F1] key on an external or the on-screen keyboard.
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Operating the instrument
Remote control
To call context-sensitive help
► To display the "Help" dialog box for the currently focused screen element, e.g. a
softkey or a setting in an opened dialog box, select the "Help" icon on the toolbar.
The "Help" dialog box "View" tab is displayed. A topic containing information about
the focused screen element is displayed.
If no context-specific help topic is available, a more general topic or the "Content"
tab is displayed.
For standard Windows dialog boxes (e.g. File Properties, Print dialog etc.), no contextsensitive help is available.
to display a help topic for a screen element not currently focused
1. Select the "Help pointer" icon on the toolbar.
The pointer changes its shape to a "?" and an arrow.
2. Select the screen element to change the focus.
A topic containing information about the selected (now focused) screen element is
displayed.
6.8 Remote control
In addition to working with the R&S ESW interactively, located directly at the instrument, it is also possible to operate and control it from a remote PC. Various methods
for remote control are supported:
●
Connecting the instrument to a (LAN) network
(See the R&S ESW user manual.)
●
Using the Windows Remote Desktop application in a LAN network
●
Connecting a PC via the GPIB interface
How to configure the remote control interfaces is described in the User Manual.
The R&S ESW is delivered with IECWIN installed, the auxiliary remote control tool provided free of charge by Rohde & Schwarz.
For details on the IECWIN tool, see the "Network and Remote Control" chapter of the
R&S ESW User Manual.
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6.8.1 Remote desktop connection
6.8.2 Connecting a PC via the GPIB interface
Operating the instrument
Remote control
Remote Desktop is a Windows application which can be used to access and control
the instrument from a remote computer through a LAN connection. While the instrument is in operation, the instrument screen contents are displayed on the remote computer. Remote Desktop provides access to all of the applications, files, and network
resources of the instrument. Thus, remote operation of the instrument is possible.
The Remote Desktop Client is part of the installed Windows operating system. For
other versions of Windows, Microsoft offers the Remote Desktop Client as an add-on.
You can connect a PC to the R&S ESW via the GPIB interface to send remote commands to control and operate the instrument. You can configure the GPIB address and
the ID response string. The GPIB language is set as SCPI by default but can be
changed to emulate other instruments.
A GPIB interface is integrated on the rear panel of the instrument.
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Applications
R&S multiview
7 Applications
The R&S ESW provides several applications for different analysis tasks (for example
the Receiver application or the I/Q Analyzer). When you activate an application, the
R&S ESW creates a new measurement channel which in turn determines the measurement settings for that application. You can use the same application with different
measurement settings by creating several channels for the same application. Each
channel is represented by a separate tab on the screen.
Note that the number of channels may be limited by the available memory of the
R&S ESW.
Switching between applications
When you enter another application for the first time, a set of selected parameters is
passed on from the current application to the other one, for example the measurement
frequency or the attenuation. Thus, you can switch between applications quickly and
easily.
You can also define a fix set of parameters that are synchronized between applications. For more information see Chapter 12.8, "Synchronizing measurement channel
configuration", on page 388.
● R&S multiview.........................................................................................................80
● Available Applications............................................................................................. 81
● Starting an Application............................................................................................ 83
● Running a sequence of measurements.................................................................. 84
7.1 R&S multiview
Each application is displayed in a separate tab. An additional tab ("MultiView") provides
an overview of all currently active channels at a glance. In the "MultiView" tab, each
individual window contains its own channel bar with an additional button. Select this
button to switch to the corresponding channel display quickly.
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Applications
Available Applications
Remote command:
DISPlay:FORMat on page 563
7.2 Available Applications
The R&S ESW provides several applications for specific measurement tasks.
Spectrogram application
Spectrogram measurements are not a separate application, but rather a trace evaluation method, thus they are available as an evaluation method for the Display Configuration, not by creating a new channel. Spectrograms are configured and activated in
the "Trace" settings. See Chapter 10.3.1.3, "Working with spectrograms", on page 228
for details.
Receiver........................................................................................................................81
CISPR APD...................................................................................................................82
Spectrum.......................................................................................................................82
I/Q Analyzer.................................................................................................................. 82
Analog Demodulation....................................................................................................82
Real-Time Spectrum..................................................................................................... 82
Receiver
The Receiver application provides measurement functions to perform EMC measurements.
All functions of the Receiver application are described in this document.
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Applications
Available Applications
Remote command:
INST:SEL REC, see INSTrument[:SELect] on page 466
CISPR APD
The CISPR APD (Amplitude Probability Distribution) application provides measurement
functions to determine the likelihood of emissions being above a certain level.
For details see Chapter 8.4, "CISPR APD Measurements", on page 134.
Remote command:
INST:SEL APD, see INSTrument[:SELect] on page 466
Spectrum
In the Spectrum application the provided functions correspond to those of a conventional spectrum analyzer. The analyzer measures the frequency spectrum of the RF
input signal over the selected frequency range with the selected resolution and sweep
time, or, for a fixed frequency, displays the waveform of the video signal. This application is used in the initial configuration.
For details refer to the Spectrum Analyzer User Manual.
Remote command:
INST:SEL SAN, see INSTrument[:SELect] on page 466
I/Q Analyzer
The I/Q Analyzer application provides measurement and display functions for I/Q data.
For details see the I/Q Analyzer User Manual.
Remote command:
INST:SEL IQ, see INSTrument[:SELect] on page 466
Analog Demodulation
The Analog Demodulation application provides measurement functions for demodulating AM, FM, or PM signals.
For details see the Analog Demodulation User Manual.
Remote command:
INST:SEL ADEM, see INSTrument[:SELect] on page 466
Real-Time Spectrum
The Real-Time Spectrum application requires an instrument equipped with the RealTime Spectrum option. This application provides real-time measurement functions.
For details see the R&S ESW Real-Time User Manual.
Remote command:
INST:SEL RTIM, see INSTrument[:SELect] on page 466
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Applications
Starting an Application
7.3 Starting an Application
Access
► [MODE] > "<application>"
The default application that is running when you start the R&S ESW is the Receiver
application.
The remote commands required to perform these tasks are described in Chapter 14.4,
"Application selection", on page 463.
The measurement channels are labeled with their default name. If that name already
exists, a sequential number is added.
You can define a different channel name by selecting (double-click) the corresponding
label.
In remote control, the name of the measurement channel can also be changed. For
details and an overview of default names see INSTrument:LIST? on page 465.
Switching between applications
When you enter a new application, a set of parameters is passed on from the current
application to the new one, for example the measurement frequency or the attenuation.
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Applications
Running a sequence of measurements
You can also define a fix set of parameters that are synchronized between applications. For more information see Chapter 12.8, "Synchronizing measurement channel
configuration", on page 388.
To deactivate a channel, simply close the corresponding tab.
New Channel.................................................................................................................84
Replace Current Channel..............................................................................................84
Duplicate Current Channel............................................................................................84
New Channel
The applications selected on this tab are started in a new measurement channel, i.e. a
new tab in the display.
Remote command:
INSTrument:CREate[:NEW] on page 464
INSTrument[:SELect] on page 466
Replace Current Channel
The applications selected on this tab are started in the currently displayed measurement channel, replacing the current application.
Remote command:
INSTrument:CREate:REPLace on page 464
Duplicate Current Channel
The currently active channel can be duplicated, i.e. a new channel of the same type
and with the identical measurement settings is started. The name of the new channel is
the same as the copied channel, extended by a consecutive number (e.g. "Spectrum" > "Spectrum 2").
Remote command:
INSTrument:CREate:DUPLicate on page 464
7.4 Running a sequence of measurements
Only one measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently
active channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function is provided.
● The sequencer concept...........................................................................................84
● Sequencer settings................................................................................................. 87
● How to set up the sequencer.................................................................................. 87
7.4.1 The sequencer concept
The instrument can only activate one specific channel at any time. Thus, only one
measurement can be performed at any time, namely the one in the currently active
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Applications
Running a sequence of measurements
channel. However, in order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a
Sequencer function is provided, which changes the channel of the instrument as
required. If activated, the measurements configured in the currently defined "Channel"s
are performed one after the other in the order of the tabs.
For each individual measurement, the sweep count is considered. Thus, each measurement may consist of several sweeps. The currently active measurement is indicated by a
The result displays of the individual channels are updated in the tabs as the measurements are performed. Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently dis-
played tab.
Sequencer modes
Three different Sequencer modes are available:
●
●
●
symbol in the tab label.
Single Sequence
Similar to single sweep mode; each measurement is performed once, until all measurements in all defined "Channel"s have been performed.
Continuous Sequence
Similar to continuous sweep mode; the measurements in each defined "Channel"
are performed one after the other, repeatedly, in the same order, until sequential
operation is stopped. This is the default Sequencer mode.
Channel-defined Sequence
First, a single sequence is performed. Then, only "Channel"s in continuous sweep
mode are repeated continuously.
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Applications
Running a sequence of measurements
Example: Sequencer procedure
Assume the following active channel definition:
Tab name Application Sweep mode Sweep count
Spectrum Spectrum Cont. Sweep 5
Spectrum 2 Spectrum Single Sweep 6
Spectrum 3 Spectrum Cont. Sweep 2
IQ Analyzer IQ Analyzer Single Sweep 7
For Single Sequence, the following sweeps will be performed:
5x Spectrum, 6x Spectrum 2, 2 x Spectrum 3, 7x IQ Analyzer
For Continuous Sequence, the following sweeps will be performed:
5x Spectrum, 6x Spectrum 2, 2 x Spectrum 3, 7x IQ Analyzer,
5x Spectrum, 6x Spectrum 2, 2 x Spectrum 3, 7x IQ Analyzer,
...
For Channel-defined Sequence, the following sweeps will be performed:
5x Spectrum, 6x Spectrum 2, 2 x Spectrum 3, 7x IQ Analyzer,
5x Spectrum, 2 x Spectrum 3,
5x Spectrum, 2 x Spectrum 3,
...
Run Single/Run Cont and Single Sweep/Sweep Continuous keys
While the Sequencer is active, the [Run Single] and [Run Cont] keys control the
Sequencer, not individual sweeps. [Run Single] starts the Sequencer in single mode,
while [Run Cont] starts the Sequencer in continuous mode.
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7.4.2 Sequencer settings
Applications
Running a sequence of measurements
The "Single Sweep" and "Continuous Sweep"softkeys control the sweep mode for the
currently selected channel only; the sweep mode only has an effect the next time the
Sequencer activates that channel, and only for a channel-defined sequence. In this
case, a channel in single sweep mode is swept only once by the Sequencer. A channel
in continuous sweep mode is swept repeatedly.
The "Sequencer" menu is available from the toolbar.
Functions of the Sequencer in the Receiver application described elsewhere:
●
"Performing sequenced measurements" on page 90
Sequencer State........................................................................................................... 87
Sequencer Mode...........................................................................................................87
Sequencer State
Activates or deactivates the Sequencer. If activated, sequential operation according to
the selected Sequencer mode is started immediately.
Remote command:
SYSTem:SEQuencer on page 472
INITiate:SEQuencer:IMMediate on page 471
INITiate:SEQuencer:ABORt on page 471
Sequencer Mode
Defines how often which measurements are performed. The currently selected mode
softkey is highlighted blue. During an active Sequencer process, the selected mode
softkey is highlighted orange.
"Single Sequence"
Each measurement is performed once, until all measurements in all
active channels have been performed.
"Continuous Sequence"
The measurements in each active channel are performed one after
the other, repeatedly, in the same order, until sequential operation is
stopped.
This is the default Sequencer mode.
Remote command:
INITiate:SEQuencer:MODE on page 472
7.4.3 How to set up the sequencer
In order to perform the configured measurements consecutively, a Sequencer function
is provided.
1. Configure a channel for each measurement configuration as required, including the
sweep mode.
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Running a sequence of measurements
2. In the toolbar, select the "Sequencer" icon.
The "Sequencer" menu is displayed.
3. Toggle the "Sequencer" softkey to "On".
A continuous sequence is started immediately.
4. To change the Sequencer mode and start a new sequence immediately, select the
corresponding mode softkey, or press the [Run Single] or [Run Cont] key.
The measurements configured in the currently active channels are performed one
after the other in the order of the tabs until the Sequencer is stopped.
The result displays in the individual channels are updated as the measurements
are performed.
To stop the sequencer
► To stop the Sequencer temporarily, press the highlighted [Run Single] or [Run
Cont] key (not for a channel-defined sequence). To continue the Sequencer, press
the key again.
To stop the Sequencer permanently, select the "Sequencer" icon in the toolbar and
toggle the "Sequencer" softkey to "Off".
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Measurements and result displays
Performing measurements
8 Measurements and result displays
The measurements and result displays available in the Receiver application allow you
to analyze the frequency spectrum for possible interferers and the characteristics of
those interferers.
● Performing measurements......................................................................................89
● Bargraph configuration............................................................................................91
● Test automation.......................................................................................................96
● CISPR APD Measurements..................................................................................134
8.1 Performing measurements
The R&S ESW provides several approaches to do measurements and acquire the signal data.
Access: [SWEEP]
Functions in the "Sweep" menu described elsewhere:
●
"Measurement Time" on page 94
●
"Selecting the scan type" on page 107
●
"Select Frame" on page 241
●
Chapter 8.3.3.1, "Designing a scan table", on page 109
Performing continuous measurements......................................................................... 89
Performing single measurements................................................................................. 90
Performing sequenced measurements......................................................................... 90
Performing continuous measurements
When you measure continuously, the measurement is repeated until you deliberately
stop it.
The duration of each individual measurement cycle (for example a single bargraph
measurement) depends on the measurement time you have set for the measurement
in question. After each measurement cycle, the data of the previous cycle is overwritten and replaced by the new data. Exception: When you are using a max or min hold
function, the application keeps the highest or lowest values and replaces old data only
if the current data contains a new maximum or minimum.
The R&S ESW allows you to select the measurement mode for the bargraph and the
scan separately. When you select a continuous bargraph measurement, IF analysis
(including the spectrogram) is also performed continuously. When you select a continuous scan, the scan spectrogram is also updated continuously. Running a continuous
final measurement is not possible.
▶ To start a continuous scan, press either the [RUN CONT] key on the front panel or
the "Continuous Scan" softkey in the "Sweep" menu.
▶ To start a continuous bargraph measurement, press the "Continuous Bargraph" softkey in the "Sweep" menu.
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Performing measurements
Note: Pressing the [RUN CONT] key again interrupts the scan (see Chapter 8.3.3.2,
"Interrupting a scan", on page 110) and does not stop it.
Continuous measurements are the default measurement mode.
Remote command:
Selection: INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 469
Initialization: INITiate<mt>[:IMMediate] on page 470
Performing single measurements
When you run a single measurement, the measurement is performed once and then
stopped. The duration of the measurement depends on the measurement time.
Note that a single measurement does not necessarily consist of a single measurement.
A single measurement can consist of several measurements, whose number you can
define with the Scan Count. In that case, the measurement stops when all measurements defined by the scan count or bargraph count are done.
The R&S ESW allows you to select the measurement mode for the bargraph and the
scan separately. When you select a single bargraph measurement, IF analysis also
stops when the bargraph measurement stops. Note, however, that the time defined for
a single bargraph measurement can result in more than one update of the IF analysis
trace (including the IF spectrogram). When you select a single scan, the spectrogram
update also stops when the scan stops, but it can consist of several new lines in the
spectrogram, depending on the configuration.
▶ To start a single scan, press either the [RUN SINGLE] key on the front panel or the
"Single Scan" softkey in the "Sweep" menu.
▶ To start a single bargraph measurement, press the "Single Bargraph" softkey in the
"Sweep" menu.
Note: Pressing the [RUN SINGLE] key again interrupts the scan (see Chapter 8.3.3.2,
"Interrupting a scan", on page 110) and does not stop it.
Note on performing continuous sequenced measurements:
When you are using the sequencer, you can select the measurement mode for each
measurement channel that is part of the sequence.
Thus, the "Single Scan" and "Single Bargraph" softkeys only control the measurement
mode for the currently selected measurement channel (for a channel defined
sequence). In addition, the [RUN SINGLE] key in that case controls the sequencer, not
a particular channel.
Remote command:
Selection: INITiate<n>:CONTinuous on page 469
Single scan or bargraph: INITiate<mt>[:IMMediate] on page 470
Single final measurement: INITiate<mt>:FMEasurement on page 470
Single test sequence: INITiate<mt>:EMITest on page 469
Performing sequenced measurements
When you run a sequenced measurement, you can combine measurements of several
applications into a sequence of measurements. This sequence of measurements is
either performed once (single sequence), indefinitely (continuous sequence) or a mixture of both (channel defined sequence).
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Measurements and result displays
Bargraph configuration
For more information regarding the general functionality of the sequencer, see Chap-
ter 7.4, "Running a sequence of measurements", on page 84.
In the receiver application, you can select whether to:
●
Run a bargraph measurement each time the receiver application has its turn.
●
Run a scan each time the receiver application has its turn.
●
Skip measurements in the receiver application.
When you include the bargraph measurement in the sequence, IF analysis (including
the spectrogram) is also done. When you include the scan in the sequence, spectrogram data is also collected (and a peak search and a final measurement are performed
when you have defined a test sequence that covers these measurements).
Note the following effects of performing a scan in a sequence of measurements.
●
Stopping a scan or final measurement aborts that measurement and resumes the
measurement sequence in the next channel.
●
Interrupting a scan is not possible.
●
Interactive final measurements are not available.
Tip: Performing a continuous sequence with a single (bargraph or scan) measurement
resets max hold values every time the sequencer starts a measurement in that receiver
channel. To keep max hold values, use continuous measurements in the channel.
▶ To select the measurement to include in a sequence, select [SWEEP] > "Sequencer"
until the required measurement is highlighted blue.
If you want to include a bargraph measurement and a scan in the sequence of measurements, you have to use two measurement channels.
Remote command:
See Chapter 14.5.2, "Measurement sequences", on page 471.
8.2 Bargraph configuration
Access: [MEAS CONFIG] > "Bargraph Config"
Alternatively, you can access the dialog box by clicking on the bargraph once.
The bargraph result display is designed for measurements on a single frequency. It is a
basic result display that shows the signal level at a particular frequency numerically
and graphically as a bargraph. The length of the bar depends on the signal level at the
current receiver frequency. If necessary, you can control the way the signal is evaluated by selecting different detectors.
1
Figure 8-1: Overview of the bargraph result display
1 = detectors
3 = measured levels (numerically)
4 = measured levels (graphically)
2 3
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Bargraph configuration
The results in the bargraph are shown as soon as you enter the receiver application
(for the frequency that is currently selected) and are updated continuously. The unit of
the displayed power level is variable and depends on the unit you have set (by default,
it is dBµV).
The bargraph range is always 100 dB, the minimum and maximum levels that are displayed are automatically adjusted, depending on the measurement configuration.
When auto ranging has been turned off, the range depends on settings like the attenuation or gain. When auto ranging has been turned on, the range is adjusted to the signal level.
The R&S ESW supports the simultaneous use of up to four different detectors in the
bargraph result display. If you select an additional detector, the R&S ESW adds the
corresponding number of bargraphs to the result display. This way to display the signal
levels provides an easy way to compare the signal level with different weighting factors.
Meaning of small vertical lines in the bargraph
Depending on the configuration, the following small vertical lines can appear in the bargraph.
●
A small vertical line with the same color as the bargraph shows the highest value
that has been measured on the currently selected frequency.
●
A small red vertical line with an "SQ" label shows the squelch level that you have
defined for audio output over headphones.
Max hold bargraph
The max hold bargraph information, when it has been turned on, shows the highest
signal level that has been measured since the measurement has begun. The max hold
value remains effective, even if you change any receiver settings (for example the frequency or the attenuation) and is only reset when you deliberately do so. One max
hold value is displayed for each of the active detectors.
When you turn on the max hold information, the diagram information is expanded by
the peak level that has been measured since the max hold has been last reset (as a
numerical value and including the frequency that value has been measured on). If a
new peak level has been detected, the max hold values are updated accordingly.
The live results and the highest signal level for a particular frequency are still shown in
the bargraph diagram as usual.
Min peak detector levels
Note that for the min peak detector, the peak level is not the highest level, but the lowest level.
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Measurements and result displays
Bargraph configuration
1 2
Figure 8-2: Screen layout of the bargraph result display with the max hold information
1 = maximum levels
2 = frequency on which the maximum level has been measured; note that the minimum and RMS peaks
have been measured at frequency different to the current receiver frequency
The "Bargraph" dialog box contains a preview of the measurement and all settings that
you can apply to the bargraph.
Bargraph configuration
When you are performing a scan that is not based on a scan table, the R&S ESW
applies the bargraph settings (detector, measurement time etc.) to the scan.
The remote commands required to configure the bargraph are described in Chap-
ter 14.5.4, "Bargraph configuration", on page 478.
Functions to configure the bargraph described elsewhere:
●
"Receiver Frequency" on page 201
●
"Detector" on page 128
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Bargraph configuration
Couple to Scan Trace....................................................................................................94
Bargraph Max Hold....................................................................................................... 94
Measurement Time....................................................................................................... 94
Measurement Bandwidth.............................................................................................. 95
Filter Type..................................................................................................................... 95
Couple to Scan Trace
Couples or decouples the bargraph detector and scan detectors.
Turning on the feature has the following effects.
●
Turns on a scan detector for every active bargraph.
If you add a new bargraph detector, the corresponding scan trace is automatically
turned on.
●
Matches the scan trace number to the number of the bargraph.
If you couple bargraph and scan trace, the R&S ESW replaces the detectors of all
other active scan traces with the new detector type.
Remote command:
DISPlay:BARGraph:TCOupling[:STATe] on page 479
Bargraph Max Hold
Turns the display of the highest level that has been measured on any frequency since
the last "Max Hold Reset" on and off, regardless of the receiver settings.
When you turn on the max hold information, the R&S ESW shows the highest level that
has been measured for each active bargraph (detector), including the frequency where
it was measured.
Note: The little vertical line displayed in the bargraph does not represent the max hold
value. Instead it shows the highest level that has been measured for the current
receiver frequency.
You can reset the max hold bargraph with the "Reset Max Hold" button. After you have
reset the max hold bargraph, it starts collecting maximum values again.
More information
Remote command:
Bargraph state: DISPlay:BARGraph:PHOLd[:STATe] on page 479
Bargraph reset: DISPlay:BARGraph:PHOLd:RESet on page 479
Measurement Time
Defines the measurement time used to analyze the signal.
In the Multi APD application (R&S ESW-K58), the measurement time is called acquisi-
tion time.
You can define a different measurement time for the bargraph, each scan range
defined in the scan table and the final measurement. If you perform a scan that is not
based on a scan table (Current parameters), the measurement time for the scan is the
same as for the bargraph.
In addition, you can define a separate measurement time for fixed frequency scans.
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Bargraph configuration
Tip: Make sure to select a measurement time that is appropriate for the analyzed signal and that allows the various filters and detectors in the signal path to settle.
Note that the measurement time for IF analysis is calculated automatically based on
the measurement time of the bargraph.
Remote command:
Bargraph: [SENSe:]SWEep:TIME on page 480
Scan table: [SENSe:]SCAN<sr>:TIME on page 489
Final measurement: [SENSe:]FMEasurement:TIME on page 501
Fixed frequency scan: [SENSe:]SCAN<sr>:TDOMain on page 481
CISPR APD: [SENSe:]SWEep:TIME on page 480
Measurement Bandwidth
Defines the measurement bandwidth (or resolution bandwidth) used for the measurement.
In the Multi APD application (R&S ESW-K58), the measurement bandwidth is called
analysis bandwidth.
You can define a different bandwidth for the bargraph and each scan range defined in
the scan table. The R&S ESW displays an exclamation mark if the selected measurement bandwidth is not compatible to the bandwidth required by CISPR for the corresponding frequency range.
If you perform a scan that is not based on a scan table, the bandwidth for the scan is
the same as for the bargraph.
The final measurement uses the bandwidths defined in the scan table, or, if the scan is
not based on a scan table (Current parameters), the bandwidth of the bargraph.
The R&S ESW supports a selected set of resolution bandwidths. If you enter a number
that is not supported, the R&S ESW rounds the value up to next available bandwidth.
More information
Remote command:
Bargraph: [SENSe:]BANDwidth[:RESolution][:VALue] on page 556
Scan table: [SENSe:]SCAN<sr>:BANDwidth:RESolution on page 484
CISPR APD: [SENSe:]BANDwidth[:RESolution][:VALue] on page 556
Filter Type
Selects the type of resolution filter used in the measurement.
The available resolution bandwidths depend on the filter selection.
You can select from the following filter types.
●
Normal (3 dB)
Gaussian filter with a 3 dB bandwidth.
●
Gauss (6 dB)
Gaussian filter with a 6 bandwidth. 6 dB bandwidths that comply with CISPR and
MIL standards are available.
●
CISPR (6 dB)
Gaussian filter with a 6 bandwidth. 6 dB bandwidths that comply with CISPR standards are available.
●
MIL (6 dB)
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Gaussian filter with a 6 bandwidth. 6 dB bandwidths that comply with military
standards are available.
6 dB bandwidths correspond approximately to the pulse bandwidth.
3 dB bandwidths correspond approximately to the noise bandwidth.
More information
Remote command:
[SENSe:]BANDwidth[:RESolution]:TYPE on page 557
8.3 Test automation
Access: "Overview" > "Test Automation"
The "Test Automation" dialog box is a tool to configure and perform measurements in
the Receiver application. The dialog box contains a tab for each typical stage in an
EMC measurement (scan, peak search and final measurement). The dialog box also
summarizes the measurement results for these stages in separate tabs.
● Background information.......................................................................................... 96
● Selecting a test sequence.....................................................................................106
● Performing a scan.................................................................................................109
● Performing a peak search..................................................................................... 118
● Performing final measurements............................................................................ 125
● Configuring line impedance stabilization networks (LISN)....................................131
8.3.1 Background information
The following topics contains information that can be useful to configure automated
test sequences.
● Selecting the measurement bandwidth...................................................................96
● Calculating the number of measurement points......................................................97
● Line impedance stabilization network (LISN) control.............................................. 99
● Overview of receiver measurements.....................................................................101
8.3.1.1 Selecting the measurement bandwidth
The measurement bandwidth corresponds to the bandwidth of the resolution filter. The
RF signal is evaluated and displayed according to the bandpass characteristics of the
resolution filter.
The receiver application supports the following types of resolution filter.
●
Filters with a 3 dB bandwidth
The R&S ESW provides bandwidths with a stepsize of 1-2-3-5-10-.... For details,
refer to the data sheet.
●
Filters with a 6 dB bandwidth
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The 6 dB bandwidths are designed and required for receiver tests and measurements. The R&S ESW provides bandwidths that comply to commercial and military
standards. For details, refer to the data sheet.
Note that the available bandwidth is limited by the current receiver frequency. The
measurement bandwidth must be less than or equal to half of the current receiver frequency:
BW ≤ fin / 2
The resolution filters are implemented as digital Gaussian bandpass filters. Concerning
the attenuation characteristic, the filters behave like analog filters, but their measurement speed is much higher than the measurement speed of comparable analog filters.
This is because the transient response can be compensated because the filters have
an accurately defined behavior.
The highest sensitivity is obtained at the smallest bandwidth. If the bandwidth is
increased, the reduction in sensitivity is proportional to the change in bandwidth.
Increasing the bandwidth by a factor of 3 increases the displayed noise by approx.
5 dB (4.77 dB precisely). If the bandwidth is increased by a factor of 10, the displayed
noise increases by a factor of 10 (= 10 dB).
The higher spectral resolution with smaller bandwidths leads to longer measurement
times at each frequency, because the measurement time has to allow the resolution filters to settle during a sweep at all signal levels and frequencies to be displayed.
For large measurement bandwidths, signal parts that are very far away (for example
from a different signal) are considered in the measurement and distort the results. The
displayed noise increases.
For small measurement bandwidths, the measurement time increases.
Bandwidths and detectors
If you use the Quasipeak, CISPR Average or RMS Average detector, the R&S ESW by
default couples the resolution bandwidth to the receiver frequency.
If you need a different bandwidth, you can decouple the bandwidth from the frequency.
When decoupled, you can select any of the supported CISPR bandwidths.
8.3.1.2 Calculating the number of measurement points
The number of measurement points (or sweep points in some applications) determines
the amount of data that is captured in one measurement. At each measurement point,
the R&S ESW collects one set of data, which contains, for example, the signal level at
a given frequency.
The effect of the number of measurement points on the measurement is that its number defines how much of the entire span is covered by a single data point.
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Example:
Consider the following settings:
●
Start frequency: 100 MHz
●
Stop frequency: 900 MHz
●
Number of measurement points: 1001
With said settings, each measurement point would cover a frequency range of about
800 kHz.
By increasing the number of measurement points, you can increase the reliability of the
individual data points and thus the accuracy of the analyzed results. All of these data
points are stored on the instrument, occupying a large amount of memory, and each
measurement point increases the overall measurement time.
For details on how the number of measurement points affect the trace results on the
screen, see Chapter 10.3.1.1, "Working with trace detectors", on page 222.
Measurement points in receiver application
In the receiver application, the number of measurement points considered in a scan is
determined by the frequency range and the selected frequency step size: the
R&S ESW runs a measurement every x Hz, so the actual number of measurement
points depends on frequency range you are scanning. The maximum number of measurement points that a scan supports is 10,000,001 (this is only possible with two or
less active traces).
The frequency step size depends on the frequency step mode and the type of scan
you are using.
●
Scans without a scan table:
The frequency step size depends on the measurement bandwidth.
Example:
Consider the following scan configuration:
●
Start frequency: 150 kHz
●
Stop frequency: 1 MHz
●
Measurement bandwidth: 1 kHz
The measurement bandwidth of 1 kHz results in a frequency step size of 400 Hz. In
that case, the number of measurement points in this example would be about 2100.
●
Scans with a scan table:
The frequency step size is either determined automatically (in which case it
depends on the measurement bandwidth) or manually (in which case you define
the required step size)
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Example:
Consider the following scan table settings for a given scan range:
●
Start frequency: 150 kHz
●
Stop frequency: 30 MHz
●
Step size mode: linear
●
Step size: 4 kHz
With said settings, the R&S ESW collects a dataset every 4 kHz, so the number of
measurement points in this example would be about 7500.
Measurement points in spectrum application
In the spectrum application, a measurement point is called a sweep point. Instead of
determining the number of measurement points based on other settings, you can
select the number of measurement points manually. By default, the R&S ESW measures 1001 points in one measurement.
For spectrum measurements, you can also define a sweep count. The sweep count
defines the number of measurements a single sweep is made up out of. If the sweep
count is 0 or 1, the R&S ESW runs a single measurement from start to stop frequency.
If the sweep count is greater than 1, the R&S ESW repeats the measurement from
start to stop frequency a corresponding number of times.
For more information on the effects of the sweep count on the measurement results,
see Chapter 10.3.1.2, "Analyzing several traces - trace mode", on page 227.
8.3.1.3 Line impedance stabilization network (LISN) control
When you do measurements on power lines, a Line Impedance Stabilization Network
(LISN) allows you to determine the interference caused by power supplies and cables.
The R&S ESW allows you to connect and control selected LISNs in such a test setup
and considers the characteristics of the LISN during measurements. In addition to
selecting a particular LISN Type, you can also select the Phase that you want to test
for interference.
Control of a LISN and its phases is possible during scans and during the final measurement. You can control all available LISN phases as required and independently
from each other.
If you select more than one phase, the R&S ESW measures all phase combinations
and determines the maximum value.
Table 8-1: Supported networks and controllable phases
Network Controllable phases
Two-line V-networks
R&S ESH3-Z5 N, L1
R&S ENV216 N, L1
Four-line V-networks
R&S ESH2-Z5 N, L1, L2, L3
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Network Controllable phases
R&S ENV4200 N, L1, L2, L3
R&S ENV432 N, L1, L2, L3
When you are using the R&S ENV216 network, you can protect the input with a
150 kHz high-pass filter.
Connecting a LISN
A LISN is connected to the R&S ESW via its user port. To connect the LISN to the
R&S ESW, a control line and an adapter are required.
The control line (or cable) controls which phase of the LISN is to be tested and outputs
the information to the user port. Control lines for the supported LISNs are available as
accessories from Rohde & Schwarz.
Connecting the control line to the user port of the R&S ESW also requires adapter
R&S EZ-27 (order no. 1142.8271.02).
When you connect the LISN, make sure to use the correct pins on both sides of the
test setup. Otherwise, the automatic phase control of the LISN might not work. The following illustrations show the correct pin assignment.
R&S Receiver
Pin
L2
L3
Figure 8-3: Connection from R&S
R&S Receiver
Pin
PE fl
DGND
Figure 8-4: Connection from R&S ESW to R&S ESH3-Z5
R&S Receiver
Pin
PE fl
DGND
Adapter Pin
(9-pol 25-pol)
14N N46
2
15L1 L121
6
16 22
7
17 23
4
12GND GND50
8
18PE fl PE fl47
3
13+5 V +5 V48
1
ESW to R&S ESH2-Z5
Adapter Pin
(9-pol 25-pol)
2
14N N2
6
15L L6
3
18 3
8
12 8
1
13+5 V +5 V1
Adapter Pin
(9-pol 25-pol)
2
14N N14
6
15L L15
3
18 18
8
12 12
1
13+5 V +5 V13
Filter
Filter
Filter
ESH2-Z5
Pin
L2
L3
ESH3-Z5
Pin
PE flo
DGND
ENV216
Pin
PE flo
DGND
Figure 8-5: Connection from R&S ESW to R&S ESH216
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